Conservation Enterprise Impact Lab 2022

USING A THEORY OF CHANGE TO LEARN ACROSS CONSERVATION ENTERPRISES

Citation Boshoven, J., Baker, A., Israel-Meyer, N., …Hill, M. (2022, August). Conservation Enterprise Impact Lab 2022: Using a Theory of Change to Learn Across Conservation Enterprises. Poster Session developed and presented virtually at the 2022 Conservation Enterprises Impact Lab.

Authors Judy Boshoven, Ashleigh Baker, Nicole Israel-Meyer, Leang Song Chhem, Thuy Seng, Vaneska Litz, Pork Ponn, Sothira Seng, Jose Felix Montoya Soto, Catalina Correa, Carolina Figueroa, Harold Arango, Loreny Amparo Rivera Becerra, Jose Miguel Acosta Barbosa, Andres Felipe Castro, Fredy Alberto Forero Peña, Jhon Alexander Giraldo Vargas, Cristina Barrera, Sonia Suárez, Samantha Silva, Jeimy Nereida Cuadrado Gonzalez, Jimena Niño, Erika María Arango, Angela Suarez, Gabriel Jaime Restrepo, Luis Alberto Sevillano Boya, Carlos Balanta, Fanja Randrenalijaona, Abel Rakotonirainy, Nirina Solofoniaina, Tiana Razafimahatratra, Bruce Sosola, Madalitso Kaferawanthu, Jeff deGraffenried, Alinafe Chibwana, Mpambira Kambewa, John Kerkering, Leslie Minney, Percy Summers, Alvaro Gaillour, Luis Marino, Fiorella Minam, Orestes Orrego, Claudio Sala, Beatriz Torres, Megan Hill

Photo Credit: Jason Houston for USAID

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cambodia Morodok Baitang ...................................................................................................................................1

Colombia Amazon Alive (English)........................................................................................................................2

Colombia Amazon Alive (Spanish).......................................................................................................................3

Colombia Juntanza Étnica (English)......................................................................................................................4

Colombia Juntanza Étnica (Spanish)....................................................................................................................5

Madagascar Mikajy – seaweed farming (English)............................................................................................6

Madagascar Mikajy – seaweed farming (French)............................................................................................7

Madagascar Mikajy – vanilla production (English)..........................................................................................8

Madagascar Mikajy – vanilla production (French)..........................................................................................9

Malawi USFS...............................................................................................................................................................10

Peru Amazon Business Alliance (English).......................................................................................................11

Peru Amazon Business Alliance (Spanish)......................................................................................................12

Peru Prevent (English)...........................................................................................................................................13

Peru Prevent (Spanish)..........................................................................................................................................14

Strengthening the value chain for wildlife-friendly agriculture.

USAID: Sothira Seng; SMP: Socheat Keo;

Tetra Tech: Vaneska Litz, Thuy Seng, and Leang Song Chhem

Enterprise Types

•IBIS Rice

•Organic cashew nut

•Vegetables

Other value chains may be included later (e.g., turmeric, banana).

Conservation Enterprise Approach

Through a market systems approach, the USAID Morodok Baitang supports 22 villages to produce wildlife-friendly organic rice and other products by improving production, supporting certification compliance monitoring, and removing barriers to investment.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Support Conservation Enterprises ACTIVITIES

Partners support village marketing networks (VMNs) to transition production from conventional commodities to wildlife-friendly products with premium prices and a community-owned compliance system. They also engage lead firms and investors to increase the market viability of these products.

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders ASSUMPTION

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

ASSUMPTION

As a result of support for enterprises, VMN members have land registered for production, capacity to produce wildlifefriendly products; strong market demand for their products; and conservation agreements in place and the capacity to monitor and enforce them.

As a result of participating in enterprises, VMN members have increased household income from products and REDD+ and potential health benefits from less exposure to harmful chemicals.

As a result of enterprise benefits, VMN members comply with conservation agreements and organic farming principles that include no forest encroachment, illegal hunting of wildlife, or chemical use in agriculture production.

Threat Reduction or Restoration ASSUMPTION

As a result of VMN compliance with conservation agreements, there are less incidents of wildlife hunting, snaring, deforestation, and forest degradation in areas of high biodiversity value.

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

As a result of reduced threats, the biophysical condition of critical habitat for the Giant ibis & other threatened and endangered wildlife is improved.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track land registration, uptake of production practices, number of conservation agreements in place, and demand for product.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners conduct household surveys to assess income and other benefits generated from wildlife-friendly certified products and REDD+.

KEY LESSONS

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track compliance with the terms of conservation agreements by each VMN.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track SMART reports on the incidents of wildlife hunting and land clearing; and reported activities of deforestation.

KEY LESSONS

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners use geospatial monitoring to track deforestation within protected areas; SMART and other biomonitoring data.

KEY LESSONS

KEY LESSONS

Because the government does not formally recognize land rights, land insecurity may inhibit investment and benefits from enterprises.

At some sites, there is low participation in wildlife-friendly agriculture because farmers perceive food security risks of converting from non-organic cash crops.

KEY LESSONS

Additional income from a diversity of products and REDD+ may increase farmers incentives to comply.

Increased government enforcement of protected areas is needed to support threat reductions.

2020 Impact evaluation1 showed deforestation reduced by up to 75 percent in areas were IBIS Rice is currently cultivated.

1 (1) Clements, T, Neang, M, et al. (2020). Measuring impacts of conservation interventions on human wellbeing and the environment in Northern Cambodia, 3ie Impact Evaluation Report 106. New Delhi: International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). DOI: 10.23846/DPW1IE106

Background photo: USAID/Cambodia Morodok Baitang

Enterprise Types

•Nature tourism

•Timber and non-timber forest products (asaí, Amazon fruits, canangucha, milpes, etc.)

•Community forestry

•Agroforestry (cacao, café)

•Sustainable grazing

•Honey

Support Conservation Enterprises

Local communities protect the Amazon through sustainable forest use (timber, non-timber products and tourism).

ACTIVITIES

Partners support property planning (at the individual level), conservation agreements, sustainable production and community environmental monitoring initiatives. They support cooperatives in purchasing equipment and machinery value addition, business strengthening, supporting public-private alliances, and market access. Partners also help organizations improve branding forest products and tourism services.

Conservation Enterprise Approach

Amazon Alive supports local communities to protect native forests in areas critical for biodiversity conservation in Caquetá, Guaviare, Meta, and Putumayo regions of the Colombian Amazon. This is done by building technical, organizational, and governance capacity to best engage them in sustainable production of timber and non-timber forest products and tourism.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders

ASSUMPTION

Cooperative members develop and understand their business model, have a business plan, formalize their enterprises, and have the technical capabilities to produce, add value, and access markets to incorporate ecosystem services in value chains.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track the enabling conditions for each cooperative through surveys of their membership and community representation.

ASSUMPTION

As a result of sustainable production and diversification, participants have increased and more reliable income for taking care of their forests.

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

As income increases, landowners remain on their land, maintain and sustainably use the forest according to their property plans and conservation agreements, monitor the condition of their forest, and report illegal activities to the government.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners survey the percent of monetary and non-monetary benefits from different sources.

KEY LESSONS

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track compliance with agreements and survey participants to assess their motivations for compliance.

Threat Reduction or Restoration ASSUMPTION

As landowners manage their land according to their agreements, there is a reduction in deforestation resulting from cultivation of illegal crops or cattle ranching, and an increase in areas restored to native forest.

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

As deforestation decreases, forests on private lands is conserved in areas critical for biodiversity, which encourages connectivity.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

KEY LESSONS

While there is already a willingness to adopt conservation measures, building trust between beneficiaries and the implementing partners is key; one way to do this is to work with organizations that already have community buy-in.

Short-term benefits from enterprises are needed to maintain interest in participating in them. For longterm sustainability, enterprises need to prove their profitability and communities need to take ownership of them. Communities decide on the distribution of benefits for beneficiaries to perceive an equitable distribution of benefits.

KEY LESSONS

A diversity of income sources are needed to incentivize compliance with agreements. Inclusive participation (e.g., age, community role, gender) is essential because all beneficiaries need to be aware of the conservation laws and benefit distribution mechanisms.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners use remote sensing to track incidents, extent of area deforested, and area restored to native forest and cross-referenced with community biodiversity monitoring results.

KEY LESSONS

Overlapping claims on land and informal land tenure exacerbates issues with land grabbing for grazing and illegal crops. External factors such as peace and security have a large influence on participants ability to reduce threats.

Partners track the rate of deforestation and change in forest cover. Partners track data from community use of camera traps and wildlife observations and will compare them with legal records and areas without interventions.

KEY LESSONS

Landowners are motivated to conserve forests and wildlife, however, short-term livelihood pressures for conversion are strong.

hon Alexander Giraldo Vargas. Esp, Conservation and Forest Management; Loreny Amparo Rivera Becerra. Esp, Conservation Enterprises; Jose Miguel Acosta Barbosa. Esp, Conservation Enterprises; Andres Felipe Castro. Esp. Community Forestry; Fredy Alberto Forero Peña. Esp. Community Forestry

Background photo: USAID/Colombia Amazon Alive

Tipos de Empresas:

•Turismo de naturaleza

•Productos maderables y no maderables (asaí, frutales amazónicos, canangucha, milpes, etc.)

•Forestería comunitaria

•Agroforesteria (cacao, café)

•Ganadería sostenible

•Meliponicultura

Comunidades

locales protegen la Amazonía a través del uso sostenible del bosque (maderables, no-maderables y turismo).

Jhon Alexander Giraldo Vargas. Esp, conservación y manejo forestal; Loreny Amparo Rivera Becerra. Esp, empresas de conservación; Jose Miguel Acosta Barbosa. Esp, empresas de conservación; Andres Felipe Castro. Esp, forestería comunitaria; Fredy Alberto Forero Peña. Esp, forestería comunitaria

Estrategia de empresa de conservación

Amazonia

biodiversidad en las regiones de la

capacidades técnicas,

TEORÍA DEL CAMBIO

áreas

Apoyo a las empresas de conservación ACTIVIDADES

Aliados apoyan con iniciativas de conservación que incluyen planificación predial (nivel de parcela), acuerdos de conservación, extensión técnica para una producción sostenible, capacitación y monitoreo comunitario.

Apoyan el fortalecimiento socioempresarial, la compra de equipos/maquinaria, la agregación de valores por conservación, alianzas públicoprivadas y acceso a mercados.

Los socios también ayudan a las organizaciones a mejorar su marca de productos forestales y servicios de turismo.

Condiciones favorables para las empresas SUPOSICIÓN

Los miembros de las cooperativas desarrollan y entienden su modelo empresarial, elaboran un plan de negocio, formalizan su empresa, y adquieren las capacidades técnicas para producir, agregar valor y acceder los mercados para incorporar en cadenas de valor los servicios ecosistémicos.

Beneficios obtenidos por las partes interesadas

Cambio en el comportamiento y actitud de las partes interesadas

Amenazas reducidas para la biodiversad (o su restauración)

SUPOSICIÓN

El resultado de la producción sostenible y de la diversificación de productos será que los participantes reciben un aumento y una estabilidad en ingreso por cuidar los bosques.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA Aliados evalúan el porcentaje de beneficios monetarios y no monetarios proveniente de las diferentes fuentes.

SUPOSICIÓN

En cuanto sientan un aumento en ingresos, los campesinos se quedan en sus tierras, mantienen y usan sosteniblemente los bosques en acuerdo con los planes prediales y los acuerdos de conservación; monitorean la condición del bosque; y reportan actividades ilegales a las autoridades.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Aliados monitorean las condiciones habilitantes de cada cooperativa a través de encuestas de membresía y representatividad comunitaria.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Aunque ya hay una receptividad en las comunidades para adoptar medidas de conservación, establecer confianza entre los beneficiarios y los socios implementadores es esencial; una estrategía es trabajar con organizaciones que ya tienen base comunitaria.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Los beneficios de la empresa a corto plazo son necesarios para mantener la participación en la empresa. Para la sustentabilidad a largo plazo, las empresas deben comprobar su rentabilidad y las comunidades deben asumir la responsabilidad de las empresas. Las comunidades deberían de decidir la distribución de los beneficios para que los beneficiarios perciban una distribución equitativa.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Aliados miden el cumplimiento de los acuerdos y le preguntan a los participantes de analizar sus motivaciones de cumplimiento.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Se necesita una variedad de fuentes de ingresos para incentivar el cumplimiento de los acuerdos. La participación inclusiva (p. ej. edad, rol comunitario, género) es esencial porque todos los beneficiarios deben de tener conciencia de la conservación y los mecanismos de distribución de beneficios.

SUPOSICIÓN

Cuando los campesinos manejan sus tierras de acuerdo con sus planes prediales, la tasa de deforestación causada por la expansión agrícola (ganadería extensiva, cultivos ilícitos) baja y, a la vez, aumentan las áreas de bosque nativo restaurado.

Conservación de la biodiversidad SUPOSICIÓN

A medida que disminuye la deforestación, los bosques en áreas críticas para la biodiversidad en propiedades privadas serán conservados, lo que favorece la conectividad.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Aliados usan un análisis remoto de cobertura para rastrear los incidentes y la extensión de deforestación y reforestación que se contrastan con los resultados del monitoreo comunitario de la biodiversidad.

Aliados rastrean la tasa de deforestación y cambios en la cobertura del bosque. Monitorean la información proveniente del uso comunitario de cámaras trampas y observaciones de fauna que luego son comparadas con registros legales y a las zonas que no recibieron asistencia.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

La superposición de reclamos y la informalidad de tenencia de tierras empeora la acaparación de tierra para ganadería extensiva o cultivos ilícitos. Factores externos, como la paz y seguridad, afectan fuertemente la capacidad de los participantes para poder minimizar las amenazas a la biodiversidad.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Campesinos están predispuestos a conservar los bosques y la naturaleza, sin embargo, son fuertes las presiones de subsistencia a corto plazo.

Mía apoya comunidades locales en proteger los bosques nativos en

críticas para la conservación de

Amazonía colombiana de Caquetá, Guaviare, Meta, y Putumayo a través del fortalecimiento de

organizativas y gubernamentales para asegurar alta participación en la producción sustentable de productos maderables y no maderables y turismo.

Empowerment

of Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities by improving local economies for biodiversity conservation.

Enterprise Types

•Sustainable Tourism: Ecotourism, community, ethnic tourism, etc.

•Sustainable on-timber and timber forest products

•Handicrafts

•Responsible

fisheries

Conservation Enterprise Approach

Support enterprises with sustainable production practices linked with ancestral knowledge and cultural practices; protect ecosystems; advocate for sustainable employment; leadership of and self-determination by ethnic women on biodiversity uses.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Support Conservation Enterprises ACTIVITIES

•Strengthen organizations’ capacities and/or associated structures for market access.

•Strengthen the recognition of ethnic communities’ environmental, productive, and cultural activities with fair economic practices.

•Promote the self development of ethnic groups.

•Identify sustainable utilization and production systems as alternative sources of income.

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders

ASSUMPTION

Conservation agreements between environmental authorities and communities provide incentives that aim to contribute to better living, improved landscapes, and economic opportunities. Communities build capacity on natural resource management and sustainable production.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

The integration of sustainable natural resource use approaches in management instruments and in policies with ethnic focuses (life plans, ethnic development) in established enterprises.

KEY LESSONS

Incorporating natural resource management initiatives improves resource sustainability and establishes agreement norms.

ASSUMPTION

Participants received increased incomes, land security, cultural pride, and recuperate cultural identities, especially in youth.

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

Enterprise benefits motivate and allow participants to continue practicing economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable activities supported by conservation agreements.

Threat Reduction or Restoration ASSUMPTION

Communities reduce economic activities that cause deforestation (extensive livestock and agriculture, monoculture, mining, petroleum, illegal crops, and unregulated tourism).

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

Ecosystems are recovered, restored, and rehabilitated through the sustainable use of native species, restoration of degraded ecosystems, and soil and river basin recuperation.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Monitoring instruments with indicators (e.g., number of people receiving co-benefits) and qualitative surveys for nonmonetary benefits. Partners also incorporate actions on improved income and increased employability.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Surveys measure the percent return in interventions, number of people participating in the enterprises, and number of new economic opportunities. Partners will monitor whether sustainable activities continue such as better natural resource management compliance with conservation agreements.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Partners track the number of hectares under better management and governance strengthening that reduces deforestation drivers.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Partners track the number of hectares with improved production and restoration systems or are managed in accordance with traditional customs and uses.

KEY LESSONS

KEY LESSONS

KEY LESSONS

For enterprises to achieve biodiversity conservation, they have to be socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable. They will only be sustainable if stakeholders receive benefits and sustainable opportunities are generated.

KEY LESSONS

Natural resource use has to be aligned with norms, community awareness, and/or current legislation.

It is important to develop democratic mechanisms to establish equitable benefit distribution where the private sector’s role is information dissemination and transparency.

Ethnic communities are already connected to conservation, the approach has focus on strengthening that connection.

Jimena Niño, COP, USAID; Sonia Suárez, Oportunidades Económicas, ACDI/VOCA; Samantha Silva, MEL, ACDI/VOCA; Jeimy Cuadrado, WWF-Medio Ambiente

Background photo: USAID/Colombia Juntanza Etnica

Tipos de Empresas

•Turismo sostenible: ecoturismo, turismo comunitario, etnico, etc.

• Recursos forestales maderables y no maderables sostenibles •Artesanías

•Pesca responsable

Empoderamiento de pueblos indígenas y afrocolombianos a través de la mejora de las economías locales para la conservación de la biodiversidad

Empresas Comunitarias de Conservación

Apoyar empresas que tienen: prácticas de producción sostenible, vinculadas al conocimiento ancestral y a las prácticas culturales; protección de los ecosistemas; promoción del empleo sostenible; liderazgo y la autodeterminación de las mujeres étnicas en el aprovechamiento de la biodiversidad.

TEORÍA DEL CAMBIO

Apoyo a las empresas de conservación

ACTIVIDADES

• Fortalecer capacidades de las organizaciones y/o estructuras asociativas para el acceso al mercado.

• Fortalecer el reconocimiento de los activos ambientales, productivos y culturales de las comunidades étnicas con prácticas económicas justas.

• Promover en los grupos étnicos su desarrollo propio.

• Identificar sistemas sostenibles de aprovechamiento y producción como alternativas de ingresos.

Condiciones favorables para las empresas

SUPOSICIÓN

Acuerdos de conservación suscritos entre las autoridades ambientales y las comunidades proveen incentivos que apuntan a contribuir al buen vivir, mejorar paisajes y entornos, y generan oportunidades económicas. Las comunidades mejoran sus capacidades para la gestión de recursos naturales y la producción sostenible.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Se mide la incorporación de medidas sostenibles de aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales en sus instrumentos de gestión propios y en las políticas con enfoque étnico (planes de vida, de etnodesarrollo) en las empresas establecidas.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

La incorporación de las medidas de gestión de los recursos naturales permite mejorar la sostenibilidad de los recursos y establecer las normas para su uso adecuado.

Beneficios obtenidos por las partes interesadas

Cambio en el comportamiento y actitud de las partes interesadas

Amenazas reducidas para la biodiversad (o su restauración)

Conservación de la biodiversidad

SUPOSICIÓN

Participantes (sobre todo los jóvenes) tienen un incremento de ingresos, seguridad territorial, orgullo cultural y recuperación de identidad.

SUPOSICIÓN

Los beneficios de las empresas motivan y permiten a los miembros continuar actividades económicas, sociales y ambientalmente sostenibles, y apoyadas por acuerdos de conservación.

SUPOSICIÓN

Comunidades reducen actividades económicas que impulsan la deforestación (ganadería extensiva, agricultura intensiva, monocultivos, minería y petróleo, cultivos de uso ilícito y turismo no regulado).

SUPOSICIÓN

Recuperación, restauración y/o rehabilitación de ecosistemas a partir del aprovechamiento sostenible de especies nativas, restauración de ecosistemas degradados, recuperación de suelo y de cuencas hídricas.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Se aplican instrumentos de monitoreo con indicadores (p. e.j. número de personas que reciben cobeneficios) y encuestas cualitativas para beneficios no económicos. También se incorporan medidas sobre la mejora en ingresos y el aumento de la empleabilidad.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Se mide el porcentaje de retorno de intervenciones, número de personas participando en las empresas, número de nuevas oportunidades económicas a través de encuestas. Se mediría que continúen las actividades sostenibles como una mejora en la gestión de RN bajo el cumplimiento de acuerdos de conservación.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Se monitorea el número de hectáreas bajo mejor gestión y fortalecimiento de la gobernanza reduciendo los motores que generan la deforestación.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Aliados rastrean las hectáreas intervenidas para el mejoramiento de sistemas de producción y restauración, o con manejo adecuado a sus usos y costumbres.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Para lograr la conservación de la biodiversidad a través de empresas, tienen que ser social, económica y ambientalmente sostenibles. Solamente serán sostenibles si las partes interesadas reciben beneficios y se generan oportunidades legales y sostenibles.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Es importante desarrollar sistemas de democratización para establecer una distribución equitativa de beneficios donde el rol del sector privado está en la difusión y la transparencia de la información.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

El aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales tiene que estar en línea con la normatividad, la concientización comunitaria y/o la legislación vigente.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Las comunidades étnicas ya están conectadas con la conservación, la estrategia es fortalecer dicha conexión.

Jimena Niño, COP, USAID; Sonia Suárez, Oportunidades Económicas, ACDI/VOCA; Samantha Silva, MEL, ACDI/VOCA; Jeimy Cuadrado, WWF-Medio Ambiente

Market linkage and cooperatives support communities to use resources in and around

marine and terrestrial protected areas sustainably.

Enterprise Types

•High-quality vanilla production

•Seaweed

farming

Support Conservation Enterprises

ACTIVITIES

Partners support:

• The acquisition of government documents and permissions—including securing tenure and DINABE requirements to farm within protected areas.

• The capacity development of seaweed producers to improve quality of products and production techniques.

• The logistics of cooperatives and build capacity of producers to manage cooperatives into the future.

• The link between producers and buyers/markets.

Fanja Randrenalijaona, Abel Rakotonirainy, Nirina Solofoniaina

Conservation Enterprise Approach

The USAID Mikajy project supports the conservation of high biodiversity areas in the MaMaBaie landscape through the promotion of sustainable vanilla and seaweed value chains for the benefit of communities, in partnership with private operators.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

ASSUMPTION

Cooperatives and capacity building work provide producers with technical, financial, and business skills and equipment necessary to continue producing.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Agreement in principle with the administration for the introduction of the seaweed farming.

KEY LESSONS

The collaboration between environmental organizations and private operators facilitates the development of formal agreement.

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders ASSUMPTION

Unlike fishing, seaweed is a yearround crop resulting in producers gaining year-round income.

WHAT IS MEASURED &

HOW

The quality premiums and profit generated by the cooperative during the campaign balance and the contribution of the private sector to social and economic actions.

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

Fishers shift from fishing activities to gain year-round income through seaweed production.

Threat Reduction or Restoration ASSUMPTION

Fishers/seaweed producers reduce overfishing and overexploitation of marine resources.

WHAT IS

MEASURED

& HOW

Fisher and seaweed producer income.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

The contribution of cooperatives to conservation actions through agreements between cooperatives and communities.

KEY LESSONS

The payment of a quality premium motivates producers to sell to the cooperative in the face of uncertainty related to price fluctuations on the market.

KEY LESSONS

The internal controller within each cooperative, with the support of the private sector, has facilitated the monitoring of production plots with the database of the members of each cooperative.

KEY LESSONS

The integration of locally managed marine area (LMMAs) within the cooperatives strengthens the link between value chains and conservation actions.

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

Key fish species are no longer overfished and seaweed crop provides habitat for certain species.

WHAT IS MEASURED

& HOW

Nearly 20 out of 28 cooperatives received their certification (RA, organic and fairtrade) for vanilla after the audit and verification missions.The project is tracking the funds invested in conservation enterprises by private partners.

KEY LESSONS

Private sector interest in establishing a long-term partnership with cooperatives for their supply chain.

Background photo: USAID/Madagascar Mikajy

•

Types d’entreprises

•Production de vanille de haute qualité

Culture d’algues marines

Les liens avec le marché et les coopératives aident les communautés à utiliser durablement les ressources dans et autour des zones marines et terrestres protégées.

Approche de l’entreprise de conservation

Le projet USAID Mikajy soutient la conservation des zones à haute richesse en biodiversité dans le paysage de MaMaBaie à travers la promotion des chaînes de valeur durable de vanille et d’algoculture au profit des communautés, en partenariat avec les opérateurs privés.

THÉORIE DU CHANGEMENT

Soutien aux entreprises de conservation ACTIVITÉS

Mikajy soutien

•L’acquisition de documents et d’autorisations gouvernementales - y compris la sécurisation du régime foncier et les exigences DINABE pour cultiver dans les zones protégées.

•Le développement des capacités des producteurs d’algues pour améliorer la qualité des produits et des techniques de production.

•La logistique des coopératives et le renforcement des capacités des producteurs pour gérer les coopératives à l’avenir.

• Le lien entre les producteurs et les acheteurs/marchés.

Conditions favorables pour les entreprises HYPOTHÈSE

Les coopératives et le travail de renforcement des capacités fournissent aux producteurs les compétences techniques, financières et commerciales ainsi que les équipements nécessaires pour continuer à produire.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

Accord de principe de l’administration pour l’introduction de l’algoculture.

LEÇONS CLÉS

La collaboration entre organisations environnementales et les opérateurs privés facilite la préparation du dossier pour l’accord de l’administration.

Bénéfices reçus par les parties prenantes

HYPOTHÈSE

Contrairement à la pêche, les algues sont une culture qui dure toute l’année, ce qui permet aux producteurs d’obtenir des revenus out au long de l’année.

Changement de comportement et d’attitudes des parties prenantes

HYPOTHÈSE

Les pêcheurs abandonnent leurs activités de pêche pour gagner un revenu tout au long de l’année grâce à la production d’algues.

Réduction des menaces sur la biodiversité (ou sa restauration)

HYPOTHÈSE

Les pêcheurs/producteurs d’algues réduisent la surpêche et la surexploitation des ressources marines.

Conservation de la biodiversité

HYPOTHÈSE

Les principales espèces de poissons ne sont plus surexploitées et la culture d’algues fournit un habitat à certaines espèces.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

La contribution du secteur privé aux actions sociales et économiques.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

Revenus des pêcheurs et des producteurs d’algues.

LEÇONS CLÉS

Le paiement de prime de qualité motive les producteurs à vendre à la coopérative face à l’incertitude liée à la fluctuation du prix sur le marché.

LEÇONS CLÉS

Les CI (Contrôleur Interne) mis en place au sein de chaque coopérative, avec l’appui des secteur privé a facilité le suivi des parcelles de production, avec la base de données des membres de chaque coopérative.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

La contribution des coopératives aux actions de conservation à travers l’établissement d’une convention entre coopérative et communautés de base.

LEÇONS CLÉS

L’intégration des LMMA (Locally Managed Marine Area) au sein des coopératives renforce le lien entre les chaînes de valeur et les actions de conservation.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

Près de 20 coopératives sur 28 ont reçu leur certification (RA, Bio et Faire Trade) pour la vanille après les missions d’audit et de vérification. Le projet suit le fonds investis dans les entreprises de conservation par les partenaires privés.

LEÇONS CLÉS

Intérêt du secteur privé à établir un partenariat durable avec les coopératives pour leur chaîne d’approvisionnement.

Fanja Randrenalijaona, Abel Rakotonirainy, Nirina Solofoniaina

Background photo: USAID/Madagascar Mikajy

Enterprise Types

•High-quality vanilla production

•Seaweed farming

Market linkage and cooperatives support communities to use resources in and around

marine and terrestrial protected areas sustainably.

Fanja Randrenalijaona, Abel Rakotonirainy, Nirina Solofoniaina

Conservation Enterprise Approach

The USAID Mikajy project supports the conservation of high biodiversity areas in the MaMaBaie landscape through the promotion of sustainable vanilla and seaweed value chains for the benefit of communities, in partnership with private operators.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Support Conservation Enterprises

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

ASSUMPTION

ACTIVITIES:

Partners support:

• The acquisition of government documents and permissions—including securing tenure and DINABE requirements to farm within protected areas.

• The capacity development of vanilla producers to improve quality of products and production techniques.

• The logistics of cooperatives and build capacity of producers to manage cooperatives into the future.

• The link between producers and buyers/markets.

Cooperatives and capacity building work provide producers with technical, financial, and business skills and equipment necessary to continue producing. Land tenure rights allow vanilla producers to invest in their farms and diversify their livelihood products.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Compliance with vanilla certification standards through site visits and external audits.

KEY LESSONS

The collaboration between environmental organizations and private operators facilitates the development of formal agreement.

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders

ASSUMPTION

As a result of the cooperatives and certification process, farmers produce higher quality vanilla that can be sold at a higher price.

WHAT

IS MEASURED & HOW

The quality premiums and profit generated by the cooperative during the campaign balance and the contribution of the private sector to social and economic actions.

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

The certification process encourages farmers to produce vanilla outside of protected areas.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

The reduction of agriculture within the forest and violations in PAs through community and joint patrols using SMART and traceability tools: Farmforce and Metajuah.

KEY LESSONS

The payment of a quality premium motivates producers to sell to the cooperative in the face of uncertainty related to price fluctuations on the market.

KEY LESSONS

The internal controller within each cooperative, with the support of the private sector, has facilitated the monitoring of production plots with the database of the members of each cooperative.

Threat Reduction or Restoration ASSUMPTION

Vanilla producers see the link between conservation activities and the value of vanilla - starting tree nurseries and participating in other restoration activities.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

The contribution of cooperatives to conservation actions through agreements between cooperatives and communities.

KEY LESSONS

The integration of communitybased natural resource management associations (COBAs) within the cooperatives strengthens the link between value chains and conservation actions.

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

Farmers maintain certification for high-value vanilla by conserving forests in and around protected areas.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Nearly 20 out of 28 cooperatives received their certification (RA, organic and fairtrade) for vanilla after the audit and verification missions.The project is tracking the funds invested in conservation enterprises by private partners.

KEY LESSONS

Private sector interest in establishing a long-term partnership with cooperatives for their supply chain.

Background photo: USAID/Madagascar Mikajy

Les liens avec le marché et les coopératives aident les communautés à utiliser durablement les ressources dans et autour des zones marines et terrestres protégées.

•

Types d’entreprises

Production de vanille de haute qualité

•Culture d’algues marines

Approche de l’entreprise de conservation

Le projet USAID Mikajy soutient la conservation des zones à haute richesse en biodiversité dans le paysage de MaMaBaie à travers la promotion des chaînes de valeur durable de vanille et d’algoculture au profit des communautés, en partenariat avec les opérateurs privés.

THÉORIE DU CHANGEMENT

Soutien aux entreprises de conservation ACTIVITÉS

Mikajy soutien

• L’acquisition de documents et d’autorisations gouvernementales -y compris la sécurisation du régime foncier et les exigences DINABE pour cultiver dans les zones protégées.

• Le développement des capacités des producteurs de vanille et pour améliorer la qualité des produits et des techniques de production.

• La logistique des coopératives de vanille et le renforcement des capacités des producteurs de vanille pour gérer les coopératives à l’avenir.

• Le lien entre les producteurs et les acheteurs/marchés.

Conditions favorables pour les entreprises

Bénéfices reçus par les parties prenantes

HYPOTHÈSE

Les coopératives et le travail de renforcement des capacités fournissent aux producteurs les compétences techniques, financières et commerciales ainsi que les équipements nécessaires pour continuer à produire. Les droits fonciers permettent aux producteurs de vanille d’investir dans leurs terres et de diversifier leurs produits de subsistance.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

Le respect des normes de certification de vanille à travers des missions de vérification et d’audit externe.

LEÇONS CLÉS

La collaboration entre les organisations environnementales et les opérateurs privés facilite le développement des accords formels.

HYPOTHÈSE

Grâce aux coopératives et au processus de certification, les agriculteurs produisent une vanille de meilleure qualité qui peut être vendue à un prix plus élevé.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

Les primes de qualité et bénéfice générées par la coopérative pendant le bilan de campagne.

LEÇONS CLÉS

Le paiement de prime de qualité motive les producteurs à vendre à la coopérative face à l’incertitude liée à la fluctuation du prix sur le marché.

Changement de comportement et d’attitudes des parties prenantes

HYPOTHÈSE

Le processus de certification encourage les agriculteurs à produire de la vanille en dehors des zones protégées.

Réduction des menaces sur la biodiversité (ou sa restauration)

HYPOTHÈSE

Les producteurs de vanille voient le lien entre les activités de conservation et la valeur de la vanille - ils créent des pépinières et participent à d’autres activités de réhabilitation.

Conservation de la biodiversité HYPOTHÈSE

Les agriculteurs conservent la certification pour la vanille de grande valeur en préservant les forêts dans et autour des aires protégées.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

Le suivi de La réduction des cultures sous bois et des infractions dans les AP, à travers les missions de patrouilles communautaires et des patrouilles conjointes utilisant les outils SMART et les outils de traçabilité: Farmforce et Metajuah.

LEÇONS CLÉS

Les CI (Contrôleur Interne) mis en place au sein de chaque coopérative, avec l’appui des secteur privé a facilité le suivi des parcelles de production, avec la base de données des membres de chaque coopérative.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

La contribution des coopératives aux actions de conservation à travers l’établissement d’une convention entre coopérative et communautés de base.

LEÇONS CLÉS

L’intégration des LMMA (Locally Managed Marine Area) au sein des coopératives renforce le lien entre les chaînes de valeur et les actions de conservation.

CE QUI EST MESURÉ ET COMMENT

Près de 20 coopératives sur 28 ont reçu leur certification (RA, Bio et Fair Trade) pour la vanille après les missions d’audit et de vérification. Le projet suit le fonds investis dans les entreprises de conservation par les partenaires privés.

LEÇONS CLÉS

ntérêt du secteur privé à établir un partenariat durable avec les coopératives pour leur chaîne d’approvisionnement.

Fanja Randrenalijaona, Abel Rakotonirainy, Nirina Solofoniaina

Background photo: USAID/Madagascar Mikajy

Enterprise Types

•Dried mangos

•Beekeeping/honey

Conservation Enterprise Approach

The U.S. Forest Service International Program partners with African Parks to engage communities to better understand the conditions needed for honey and dried mango enterprises to contribute to reducing illegal use of natural resources in adjacent protected areas.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Support Conservation Enterprises

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

ASSUMPTION

ACTIVITIES

Partners provide technical assistance in:

• Production.

• Meeting quality standards for certification.

• Branding.

• Accessing markets.

• Providing initial equipment needed for production.

Partners also provide opportunities for peer-to-peer learning from other enterprise groups.

Enterprise groups have skills and equipment needed for production, meet quality standards for certification, access markets and sell their products; and generate revenues.

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders

ASSUMPTION

Enterprise members have increased and more stable household income, a strong sense of empowerment to manage the forest, increased selfgovernance skills, and less risk of penalty from illegally collecting forest resources.

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

Enterprise benefits enable members to comply with conservation agreements while providing alternative enterprise engagement options and thereby mitigate the risk of conflict with park management and wildlife.

Threat Reduction or Restoration ASSUMPTION

Because capacities to manage the reserve are improved and communities comply with agreements, there is a reduction in incidents of illegal collection of forest resources.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Partners conduct market studies, assess peer-to-peer learning, and conduct key informant interviews with enterprise groups to understand the status of conditions for enterprise establishment and sustainability.

KEY LESSONS

Supportive policies are needed for enterprises (e.g., agreements to access forests for beekeeping).

Communities need contingency plans for product price fluctuations.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track household monthly income from different sources and perceptions of monetary and nonmonetary benefits of enterprise participation.

KEY LESSONS

Need to manage expectations of benefits. Price fluctuations and markets for products influence ability of members to increase income. Communities will need a diversity of products to generate benefits.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track reports from community extension agents on compliance with conservation agreements, firearm surrenders, and any issues with compliance.

KEY LESSONS

Enterprises are aimed at engaging those community members for whom compliance with conservation agreements is a challenge because of their dependency on natural resources.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Track protected area law enforcement and community reports on incidents of illegal activities.

KEY LESSONS

Traditional leaders/chiefs are a major factor in influencing community compliance with conservation agreements and reporting of illegal activities.

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

As a result of improved capacity to manage the reserve and an improved economic situation/ financial freedom, the extent and quality of the Miombo Forest of the Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve is maintained.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Use satellite imagery and forest inventory to track vegetation changes. Communities use a wildlife camera trap system, audio recordings, and otolith samples.

KEY LESSONS

Involving communities in monitoring the resources that they traditionally use promotes their sustainable management.

Villages around Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve engage in enterprises that support more sustainable use of the resources of the Miombo Forest.

Bruce Sosola, USAID; Madalitso Kaferawanthu, USAID; Jeff deGraffenried, USAID; Mpambira Kambewa, USFS-IP Malawi; Alinafe Chibwana, USFS-IP Malawi; John Kerkering, USFS; Leslie Minney, USFS implementing partner

Enterprise Types

•Ecotourism

•Non-timber forest products

•Sustainable agriculture

•Agroforestry systems,

•Payment-for-ecosystem services (forest carbon, water, REDD+)

Mobilizing public funds and leveraging private financing for community enterprises that conserve

Percy

AMAZON BUSINESS ALLIANCE

forests.

Summers, CI; Luis Marino, CI; Fiorella Minam, CI;Alvaro Gaillour, USAID Peru

Conservation Enterprise Approach

Amazon Business Alliance is mobilizing public sector funds and leveraging financing from the private sector for sustainable investments in community-run enterprises with a conservation focus.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Support Conservation Enterprises

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders

ACTIVITIES

• Provide grants and loans to local organizations to support community enterprises.

• Support the design of policies that create enabling conditions for sustainable investments.

• Identify opportunities for community enterprises to add value to products and services and to access markets.

ASSUMPTION

Associations of producers have strong alliances with private companies to sell products and conservation agreements with the government to not convert their forest. Women in leadership and management positions are important for enterprise success.

ASSUMPTION

Enterprise participants, especially women, have dignified employment, access to the formal economy and income from multiple sustainable sources, which is more than they would have from converting forest for production of unsustainable commodities.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Tracking monitoring records for business plans, market studies, organizational and governance systems, and number of participants.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Household surveys measuring change in income and access to community services; food, energy, water security in comparison with non-participants; key informant interviews and focus group discussions on perceptions benefits.

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

Increased income motivates and enables enterprise participants to comply with their conservation agreements with the government to not convert their forests, continue sustainable production, and report violations.

Threat Reduction or Restoration

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

ASSUMPTION

There is a reduction in incidents of converting forest to unsustainable production of coffee, cacao, rice, oil palm, and illegal crops; contamination from informal mining; and illegal logging.

Forests are maintained and expanded, which in turn provides ecosystem services to community (e.g., clean water and food security and carbon sequestration.

KEY LESSONS

In some cases, participants lack land ownership. Women often lack leadership positions. Government platforms help promote sustainable businesses. There is a high-demand for many of the products.

KEY LESSONS

Participants have more stable income working in associations with other producers to add value to their products and meet demands.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Third-party certifier records compliance with conservation agreement; key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys on motivations for conserving forests and reporting violations.

KEY LESSONS

Income from sustainable production needs to be properly documented and sufficient to motivate forest conservation, which may not be possible in the short term. Women’s involvement in enterprises support conservation (e.g., Bosque de las Nuwas).

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW SMART records; satellite data on incidents forest conversion; community monitoring reports with georeferencing.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Aerial surveys (satellite imagery) of changes in forest cover in comparison with non-project areas; community monitoring with camera trap and audio recordings of wildlife.

KEY LESSONS

Need be careful of creating “perverse incentives” to convert more forest for production of products such as coffee, cocoa, rice, and oil palm if demand increases. Strong policies are needed for only deforestation-free production. Exchange platforms for the business sector to share successes are key.

KEY LESSONS

Enterprise activities may not be sufficient for conservation. Due to the high levels of conflict in some regions, external support to mitigate threats and illegal use of the forest is required.

Movilizando finanzas públicas y aprovechando financiamiento privado para empresas comunitarias que conservan bosques.

Tipos de Empresas

•Ecoturismo

•Productos no maderables

•Agricultura sustentable

•Agroforesteria ganadería sostenible

•Pagos para servicios ecosistémicos (carbono, agua, REDD+)

Apoyo a las empresas de conservación

ACTIVIDADES

•Otorgar subvenciones y préstamos a organizaciones locales que apoyan empresas comunitarias.

•Apoyar el diseño de políticas que fomentan las condiciones habilitantes para inversiones sostenibles.

•Identificar oportunidades donde empresas comunitarias pueden agregar valor a sus productos y servicios y encontrar acceso a mercados.

Estrategia de empresa de conservación

La Alianza Empresarial por la Amazonia moviliza fondos del sector público y aprovecha financiamiento del sector privado para invertir sosteniblemente en empresas comunitarias con enfoques de conservación.

TEORÍA DEL CAMBIO

Condiciones favorables para las empresas

Beneficios obtenidos por las partes interesadas

SUPOSICIÓN

Las asociaciones de productores tienen fuertes alianzas con compañías privadas para poder vender productos y tienen acuerdos de conservación con gobiernos para no convertir más bosques. Para el éxito empresarial, es importante que haya mujeres en posiciones de liderazgo y gestión.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Rastreo de registros de monitoreo de planes empresariales, estudios de mercado, sistemas gubernamentales/ organizativos, número de participantes.

SUPOSICIÓN

Participantes, sobre todo mujeres, tienen empleo digno, acceso a la economía formal, e ingresos de fuentes sostenibles que equivalen a más de lo que recibirían si convirtieran bosques para la producción de productos no sostenibles.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Encuestas de hogares midiendo cambios en ingresos y acceso a servicios comunitarios; comparación con no-participantes de seguridad alimentaria, energética y de agua; entrevistas con informantes claves y discusiones con grupos focales sobre las percepciones de beneficios.

SUPOSICIÓN Aumentos en ingresos motivan y activan a los participantes de la empresa en cumplir con sus acuerdos de conservación con los gobiernos para no convertir bosques, continuar con la producción sostenible y reportar infracciones.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Informes de certificadores terceros midiendo el cumplimiento con acuerdos de conservación; entrevistas con informantes claves, discusiones con grupos focales, y encuestas de hogares sobre las motivaciones para conservar bosques y reportar crímenes.

Amenazas reducidas para la biodiversad (o su restauración)

SUPOSICIÓN Hay una reducción en incidentes de expansión agrícola para la producción no sostenible de café, cacao, arroz, palma y cultivos ilícitos, de la contaminación de minería informal, y de la tala ilegal.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Informes SMART; data satelital monitoreando incidentes de conversión de bosque, monitoreo comunitario y georeferenciación.

SUPOSICIÓN Se mantienen y expanden los bosques, que a su vez proveen servicios ecosistémicos para las comunidades (p. ej. agua limpia, seguridad alimentaria) y captura de carbono.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Evaluaciones aéreas (imágenes satelitales) de monitoreo del cambio en cobertura de bosques y comparando con áreas sin intervenciones; monitoreos comunitarios con cámaras trampa o grabaciones de fauna.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

En algunos casos, los participantes no tienen títulos de propiedad. Las mujeres no suelen asumir posiciones de liderazgo. Las plataformas de gobiernos pueden ayudar a promover negocios sostenibles. Hay una alta demanda para varios productos.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Participantes reciben ingresos más estables cuando trabajan en asociaciones con otros productores para agregar valor a sus productos y cumplir con la demanda de aquellos.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Ingresos de producciones sostenibles deben estar correctamente documentados y ser suficiente para motivar la conservación, que quizás no sea posible a corto plazo. La participación de mujeres en empresas apoya la conservación (p. ej. Bosque de Nuwas).

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Hay que tener cuidado de no crear “incentivos perversos” para convertir más bosque para la producción de productos como el café, cacao, arroz y palma si la demanda sube. Políticas fuertes son necesarias para la producción sin deforestación.

Plataformas de intercambio para el sector empresarial son claves para que compartan sus logros.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Quizás no sean suficientes las actividades de las empresas para la conservación. Debido a los altos niveles de conflicto en la región, se necesita apoyo externo adicional para mitigar las amenazas y frustrar el uso ilícito de los bosques.

Percy Summers, CI; Luis Marino, CI; Fiorella Minam, CI; Alvaro Gaillour, USAID Peru

Cambio en el comportamiento y actitud de las partes interesadas

Conservación de la biodiversidad

ECA Amarakaeri communities

benefit from sustainably harvesting resources from the Amazonian forest of Madre de Dios.

Enterprise Types

•Brazil nut

•Sustainable round wood

•Aguaje

•Coffee

•Carbon compensation mechanisms

Conservation Enterprise Approach

Prevent Program supports the effective co-management of protected areas through the implementation of life plans, which includes strengthening the community enterprise to promote nature-based solutions.

THEORY OF CHANGE

Support Conservation Enterprises

Enabling Conditions in Place for Enterprises

Benefits Realized by Stakeholders

ACTIVITIES

Partners support the ECA Amarakaeri in:

•Updating forest management plans required for the sustainable management of the Brazil nuts.

•Preparing business plans for the sustainable management and commercialization of Brazil nuts (e.g., fund future capital needs).

•Preparing applications for public (Ministry of Agriculture) funding to enable strengthening the value chain of the Brazil nut to purchase initial basic infrastructure (gathering centers, boat, other equipment).

•Developing a grant to support economic activities and monitoring efforts.

ASSUMPTION

Enterprises have the needed infrastructure and equipment to produce goods and services, access to markets and partnerships with commercial allies, effective governance structures led by communities, and improved business acumen and capabilities to compete in national and international markets for local nontimber forest products.

ASSUMPTION

By engaging in enterprises, participants (especially youth and women) have increased and stable income from legal activities. ECA Amarakaeri has medium- and longterm financial sustainability for management and conservation of Amazonic territories.

Stakeholders’ Attitudes and Behaviors Changed ASSUMPTION

Enterprise benefits enable participants to comply with their agreements to sustainably manage forest resources and monitor and report illegal activities. Enterprises contribute 10 percent of their revenues to a community disaster relief fund.

Threat Reduction or Restoration ASSUMPTION

With increased community reporting of violations, there is a reduction in incidents of illegal mining, logging, and wildlife poaching within areas managed by the ECA Amarakaeri.

Biodiversity Conservation ASSUMPTION

With lower incidents of illegal activities, the area managed by the ECA Amarakaeri maintains its forest cover and key species populations.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW

Partners coordinate with ECA to track production, commercialization, and revenues from products.

KEY LESSONS

Land use claims frequently overlap and promote unsustainable uses, and authorities lack capacity to enforce.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners coordinate with communities to conduct key informant interviews and focus group discussions to assess household income and other perceived benefits from enterprise participation.

KEY LESSONS

Communities will need to develop equitable and transparent benefit sharing mechanisms to ensure some do not benefit more than others.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track compliance with conservation plan agreements and conduct key informant interviews and focus group discussions to assess attitudes and behaviors toward conservation.

KEY LESSONS

Income from Brazil nut is likely not adequate and multiple sources of income may be needed to enable compliance with agreements.

WHAT IS MEASURED & HOW Partners track ECA and government records on incidents of threats.

Partners track incidents of deforestation monitored in real time by third party using satellite images.

KEY LESSONS

Government lacks capacity to follow through with enforcement and rely on communities for selfmonitoring, but this is insufficient.

KEY LESSONS

Community members participating in the improved livelihood strategies will have stronger incentives to conserve the rainforest, but strong structural challenges and increased crime dynamics still put significant pressure on adequate resource management.

Beatriz Torres, USAID/Peru; Orestes Orrego, CSO Leader; Claudio Sala, CSO Specialist; Olenka Candela

Tipos de empresas •Castaña

•Cacao Nativo

•Miel de Meliponas

•Ecoturismo

•Mecanismos de compensación de carbono

Las comunidades ECA Amarakaeri aprovechan de la cosecha sostenible de recursos de la Amazonía de Madre de Dios.

Apoyo a las empresas de conservación

Estrategia de la empresa de conservación

ACTIVIDADES

Aliados apoyan la ECA Amarakaeri en:

• Actualizar los planes de manejo forestal requeridos para la gestión sostenible de la castaña.

• Preparar planes de negocio para el manejo sostenible y la comercialización de la castaña (p. ej. financiar necesidades de capital en el futuro).

• Preparar aplicaciones para financiamiento público (Ministerio de Agricultura) para fortalecer la cadena de valor a través de infraestructura básica inicial (centros de recolección, botes, etc.).

• Desarrollar un subsidio que apoye actividades económicas y esfuerzos de monitoreo.

Condiciones favorables para las empresas

TEORÍA DEL CAMBIO

Beneficios obtenidos por las partes interesadas

Cambio en el comportamiento y actitud de las partes interesadas

SUPOSICIÓN

Empresas tienen la infraestructura y el equipo necesario para producir bienes y servicios, acceder a mercados y asociaciones con aliados comerciales, establecer estructuras gubernamentales efectivas lideradas por las comunidades, y mejorar su perspicacia y habilidades empresariales para competir en los mercados de productos no-maderables nacionales e internacionales.

SUPOSICIÓN

Por participar en las empresas, los participantes (mujeres y jóvenes sobre todo) reciben mejores ingresos y más estables de actividades legales. ECA Amarakaeri es financieramente sostenible a mediano y largo plazo para poder manejar y conservar territorios Amazónicos.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

SUPOSICIÓN

Los beneficios de las empresas permiten a los participantes cumplir con los acuerdos de manejo sostenible de los bosques, al igual que monitorear y reportar actividades ilegales.

Amenazas reducidas para la biodiversad (o su restauración)

Conservación de la biodiversidad

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Socios coordinan con la ECA para rastrear la producción, comercialización e ingresos de los productos.

Socios coordinan con comunidades para realizar entrevistas de informantes claves y discusiones con grupos focales para evaluar los ingresos familiares y otros beneficios percibidos provenientes de las empresas.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Aliados monitorean el cumplimento de los acuerdos de conservación y realizan entrevistas de informantes claves y discusiones con grupos focales para evaluar las actitudes y comportamientos hacia la conservación.

SUPOSICIÓN

Con el aumento de reportaje comunitario de infracciones, hay una reducción de incidentes de minería, tala, y caza ilegal en áreas manejadas por ECA Amarakaeri.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Aliados evalúan los registros de ECA y del gobierno sobre incidentes de amenazas al bosque y a los miembros de las comunidades.

SUPOSICIÓN

Con menos incidentes de actividades ilegales, el área manejada por ECA Amarakaeri mantiene una buena cobertura de bosque y las poblaciones de especies claves.

QUÉ SE MONITOREA

Aliados rastrean incidentes de deforestación en tiempo real usando imágenes satelitales de terceros y aplicaciones móviles.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Reclamos de tenencia de tierras están superpuestos a menudo, promueven usos no sostenibles y las autoridades carecen de la capacidad de aplicar la ley.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Las comunidades tendrán que desarrollar mecanismos de distribución de beneficios equitativos y transparentes para asegurarse que los beneficios sean percibidos como justos por la mayoría.

APRENDIZAJES CLAVES

Los ingresos solamente provenientes de la castaña probablemente no son suficientes, por lo que varias fuentes de ingresos serán necesarios para motivar el seguimiento de los acuerdos. ECA Amarakaeri pone sus propios fondos de cambio climático para impulsar actividades productivas apoyadas por Prevenir.

El gobierno carecede la capacidad para aplicar la ley y depende que las comunidades se auto-monitoreen, pero no es suficiente.

Miembros comunitarios que participan en la mejora de estrategias de medios de vida tendrán más incentivos para conservar los bosques, pero los desafíos estructurales y las mayores dinámicas criminales aumentan las presiones contra el manejo de recursos adecuados

Beatriz Torres, USAID/Peru; Orestes Orrego, CSO Leader; Claudio Sala, CSO Specialist; Olenka Candela

El programa de PREVENIR apoya la co-gestión efectiva de áreas protegidas a través de la implementación de planes de vida, que incluye el fortalecimiento de la empresa comunal Numberi SAC para impulsar soluciones basadas en la naturaleza.