Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
Series Editor
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Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Fernando Gomide
Department of Computer Engineering and Automation—DCA, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering—FEEC, University of Campinas— UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
Derong Liu
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Marios M. Polycarpou
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
Imre J. Rudas
Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
Jun Wang
Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
The series “Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems” publishes the latest developments in Networks and Systems—quickly, informally and with high quality. Original research reported in proceedings and postproceedings represents the core of LNNS.
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Editors
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Fundamental and Applied Scienti ic Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021)
Agricultural Innovation
1st ed. 2022
Systems,
Volume 2
Editors
Aleksei Muratov
Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
Svetlana Ignateva
ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
ISSN 2367-3370
e-ISSN 2367-3389
Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems
ISBN 978-3-030-91404-2 e-ISBN 978-3-030-91405-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91405-9
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Contents
In luence of Rapeseed Processing Waste on the Development of Muscle Tissue in Broiler Chickens
Lyudmila Skvortsova, Denis Osepchuk and Tamara Nepshekueva
Comparative Assessment of the Pork Quality and Properties Depending on the Diet
Anastasia Sverdlichenko, Alexander Borodikhin, Ekaterina Lisovaya and Elena Viktorova
Effect of Inactivated Escherichia Coli Exotoxins on the Phagocytic Properties of Neutrophils
Alexander Tishchenko, Vladimir Terekhov, Elena Novikova and Igor Koba
Ef iciency of the Drug Heprasan-Neo in the Pathogenetic Therapy of Fatty Liver Disease in Sheep
Andrey Abramov, Marina Semenenko, Ksenia Semenenko, Elena Kuzminova, Denis Osepchuk and Evgeniya Rogaleva
The Dependence of Meat Productivity on the Quality of Bulky Feed
Alexandra Marchenko, Elena Moskalenko, Elena Arakcheeva and Natalia Bychenko
Study of Hepatoprotective Properties of the Complex of Biologically Active Substances in Hepatopathies of Young Pigs
Alexey Savinkov, Sergey Borisov, Marina Semenenko, Ksenia Semenenko and Elena Kuzminova
The Role of Foschami Bio-Fertilizer in Increasing the Yield of Green Mass of Vetch-Wheat Grass Mixture
Aleksandra Skamarokhova, Aleksandr Petenko, Anna Gneush, Nataliya Yurina and Denis Yurin
Cultivation of Viral Diarrhea Virus in Continuous Cell Cultures and Assessment of Its Infectious Activity
Anastasia Skvortsova, Vera Mikhailova, Maria Shishkina and Tatiana Lobova
Complex Fodder Biologically Active Supplement in Feeding Young Meat Poultry
Boris Khorin, Natalia Labutina, Denis Yurin, Natalia Agarkova, Andrey Svistunov, Dakhanef Kulova and Natalya Yurina
Technological Indicators of the Marketable Sturgeon Triploids Reared in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Valeriya Gershunskaya, Aleksandr Safronov, Maxim Arnautov, Roman Artemov and Irina Burlachenko
In luence of Different Levels of Milk Feeding on the Growth and Development of Calves
Valentin Golovan, Denis Osepchuk, Denis Yurin and Aleksey Kucheryavenko
Mortality of European Bison, American Bison and Complex Hybrids in the Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve Breeding Center
Vasiliy Demidov, Irina Zemlyanko and Andrey Stefutin
In luence of the Immunomodulator “Immunopharm” on the Reproductive Function of Cattle
Vladislav Laskavyy, Tatyana Tarasenko and Tatiana Polyanina
In luence of CAPN1 and GH Genotypes on Meat Productivity Indicators of Kazakh White-Headed Cattle
Viktoria Plakhtyukova and Marina Selionova
Results of Laboratory Control of Brucellosis and Leptospirosis of Animals in Russia
Gulnara Nurlygayanova, Vasily Belousov, Alisa Varentsova and Andrey Sharypov
Drone Brood: Food and Apitherapeutic Agent
Dmitriy Mitrofanov and Natalya Budnikova
Corn Extract Effect on Broiler Chickens Productivity
Denis Osepchuk, Andrey Svistunov, Tamara Nepshekueva, Natalya Agarkova and Oleg Svitenko
Obtaining Feed for Herbivorous Fish Using the Aquaponic Method
Denis Yurin, Ekaterina Maxim, Natalya Yurina, Maria Aniskina, Anna Gneush, Marzyat Brantova and Elmira Kobleva
The Importance of the Presence of Forest Belts in Pasture Aquaculture
Ekaterina Maxim, Denis Yurin, Natalya Yurina, Boris Khorin, Hazret Siyukhov, Fatima Hagur and Nadezhda Machneva
Lifetime Iron Forti ication of Beef for Baby and Functional Nutrition
Elena Golovko, Irina Sinelshchikova and Nikolay Zabashta
Nutritional Value and Safety of Beef for Baby Food
Elena Golovko, Nikolay Zabashta and Irina Sinelshchikova
Relationship of Productivity and Interior Characteristics of RangeFattened Bulls
Elena Golovko, Nikolay Zabashta, Irina Sinelshchikova and Elena Arakcheeva
Clinical and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Nanoscale Antibacterial Drugs for Veterinary Use
Elena Kastarnova, Vladimir Orobets, Valeria Shakhova, Ivan Kireev, Olga Sevostyanova and Elena Grudeva
Theoretical and Experimental Justi ication of the Component Composition and Safety of the Feed Additive for Increasing the Adaptive Capabilities of Cattle
Elena Kuzminova, Ekaterina Rud, Marina Semenenko, Evgeny Dolgov and Olga Vasiliadi
Quality and Safety of Feeds and Beef of Farms Supplying Meat for Baby Food
Elena Moskalenko, Alexandra Marchenko and Natalia Bychenko
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a New Selenium-Containing Drug at Acute Model Liver Damage in Poultry
Evgeniya Rogaleva, Ksenia Semenenko, Vladimir Grin, Alexey Savinkov, Elena Kuzminova and Marina Semenenko
Ef iciency of Using Rapeseed-Processing Wastes in Mixed Feed for Broiler Chickens
Lyudmila Skvortsova, Denis Osepchuk and Tamara Nepshekueva
Adaptive Mechanism for the Regulation of Animal Food Behavior
Mahmud Omarov and Natalia Agarkova
Lacaune Sheep Beta-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) Gene Polymorphism and the Relationship of Its Genotypes to Milk Productivity Indices
Marina Selionova, Daria Evlagina and Sergey Svetlichny
Possibility of Using a New Osteogenic Drug in the Prevention and Treatment of Dyschondroplasia in Broilers
Artem Vlasenko, Diana Vinokurova, Denis Osepchuk, Ksenia Semenenko, Marina Semenenko and Elena Kuzminova
Effectiveness of Calves’ Complex Therapy with Nonspeci ic Bronchopneumonia
Ruslan Merzlenko, Elena Yakovleva and Nataliya Parenyuk
Productive Qualities of Apis Mellifera Caucasica with Varroatosis
Invasion Under Conditions of Krasnodar Territory
Sergey Svistunov and Irina Romanenko
Effect of the Preparation Based on Recombinant IFN-λ on the Immune Status of Hypotrophic Calves
Sergey Shabunin, Pavel Parshin, Galina Vostroilova, Nina Khokhlova, Larisa Sashnina, Yuliya Chaplygina and Elena Kosyakova
Pharmacological Aspects of Improving Quality and Safety of Poultry Products
Elena Kuzminova, Ksenia Semenenko, Diana Vinokurova, Marina Semenenko and Evgeny Dolgov
Features of Lactation of Ayrshire First-Calf Cows When Receiving Organic Milk Raw Materials
Elena Kuleshova and Margarita Bondarenko
Medical Prevention of Mastitis in Cows Two Months Before Calving in a Sustainable Agriculture
Mikhail Nazarov, Egor Popovich and Svetlana Mashyanova
In luence of Circadian Rhythms on Motor Activity of Chickens
Vyacheslav Shcherbatov, Lyudmila Smirnova, Denis Osepchuk and Yulia Petrenko
Pre-incubation Selection of Quail Eggs
Vyacheslav Scherbatov and Ksenia Bachinina
Metabolic Health and Productivity of Dairy Cows When Fed Energy, Antioxidant and Spirulina Platensis
Yurij Fomichev and Igorj Ermakov
Effect of Protected Vegetable Fats on Nutrient Digestibility and Productivity of Dairy Cows
Alexander Golovin and Vladimir Devyatkin
Improving the Metabolic Status and Increasing the Productivity of Pigs When Using Complex Feed Additives in the Diet
Ludmila Nikanova
A New Probiotic Complex in Ruminant Animal Feeding
Victor Romanov, Alexey Mishurov and Maria Dovydenkova
Correlations Between the Major Biochemical Parameters and Dynamic Surface Tension of Hybrid Pig Blood
Oksana Voronina and Sergei Zaitsev
Functional Features of Platelets in Black-and-White Calves Kept in the Ecological Conditions of Central Russia
Nadezhda Vorobyeva and Ilya Medvedev
Genetic Variability in Sheep Breeds Determined by Size Variations in Genome Repeats
Valentina Tyshchenko and Valery Terletskiy
The Comparing of Hybrid and Purebred Sheep’s Endocrine Pro ile
Neilia Khusnetdinova, Baylar Iolchiev, Yuri Prytkov, Vugar Bagirov and Anna Guselnikova
Use of Morphometric and Phenotypic Indicators for Identi ication of Specials in Hybridization
Baylar Iolchiev, Pavel Klenovitskiy, Natalya Volkova, Vugar Bagirov and Nadzhibuddin Radzhabov
In luence of the Age of the First Calving and Seasonal Factors on the Natural Antibodies in Cows
Marina Eremina and Irina Ezdakova
Productive Indicators of Broiler Chickens Against the Background of the Combined Use of a Multi-enzyme Complex and Copper in the Form of Ultra ine Particles in the Diet
Ksenia Nechitaylo and Elena Sizova
Estimation of the Amino Acid Composition of Pig Meat and Its Correlation with Pork Quality
Sergey Zaitsev and Nadezhda Bogolyubova
Genetic Technologies and Their Use in Animal Husbandry
Lyubov E imova, Evgeny Chernyavsky, Evgeny Ivanov, Vera Tereshchenko and Olga Ivanova
Physiological Characteristics of Platelets in Dairy Calves of the Holstein Breed, Kept in the Ecological Conditions of Central Russia
Nadezhda Vorobyeva and Ilya Medvedev
Physiological Characteristics of Dairy-Plant Calves Receiving Katozal
Svetlana Zavalishina
Functional Features of Platelets in Milk-Fed Piglets Kept in the Conditions of Central Russia
Elena Tkacheva and Ilya Medvedev
Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Protection Level in the Duroc Boar Blood Based on the Measurements of Active Products of the Thiobarbituric Acid
Sergei Zaitsev, Alexey Mishurov and Nadezhda Bogolyubova
Physiological Aspects of Using Dihydroquercetin in Intensively Growing Young Pigs Diets
Yuri Fomichev, Nadezhda Bogolyubova, Roman Nekrasov, Magomed Chabaev and Anastasia Semenova
Some Aspects of Using Clinoptilolite in Dairy Cows Feeding
Alyona Zelenchenkova, Elena Tsis, Magomed Chabaev, Roman Nekrasov and Cagatay Tulunay
Physiological Characteristics of Piglets During the Phase of Plant Nutrition Kept in the Ecological Conditions of Central Russia
Elena Tkacheva and Ilya Medvedev
Functional Features of Dairy Calves in the Ecological Conditions of Central Russia
Ilya Medvedev
Development of an Integrated Method of Thermal Analysis of Animal Fats for Quality Control of Pork and Beef
Sergey Belopukhov and Sergey Zaitsev
Dynamics of the Immunophysiological State of Calves in Early Postnatal Ontogenesis After the Combined Use of Analogue of Estrone and Recombinant Interleukin-2
Leonid Kharitonov, Andrey Klyapnev and Valerian Velikanov
Phenotypic Features of the Chicken Chimeras Obtained by Transplantation of Blastoderm Cells of the Russian White, New Hampshire and Australorp Black Breeds
Larisa Kozikova and Ekaterina Polteva
Investigation of the Harmlessness of a High-Molecular WaterSoluble Polymer in Laboratory Animals
Natalia Grudina, Vera Bydanova, Olga Izmestyeva and Nikolai Grudin
Aerobic Spoilage of Dried Meadow Clover Silage and Methods of its Minimization
Yurij Pobednov, Anton Mamaev, Bella Osipyan, Elena Yildirim, Georgij Laptev, Larisa Ilina, Valentina Filippova, Andrej Dubrovin, Nikolaj Tarlavin and Svetlana Bikonya
The Effects of an Absorbent Based on Cell Walls of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on the Cecal Microbial Community and Productive Performance in Broilers
Tatiana Egorova, Tatiana Lenkova and Alexander Ushakov
The Effects of Bacillus Licheniformis Probiotic on the Cecal Microbial Community and Productive Performance in Broilers
Tatiana Lenkova, Tatiana Egorova and Dmitry E imov
The Effectiveness of Pharmacological Effects on Weakened Animals Kept in the Conditions of Central Russia
Olga Makurina, Galina Mal, Anastasia Makhova, Nadezhda Vorobyeva, Ilnura Fayzullina and Anatoly Khvastunov
Reference Values of Blood Biochemical Indicators of Highly Productive Dairy Cows
Igor Gusarov
Immunomodulatory Effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria Glycopeptides on the Body of Rabbits
Olga Sofronova and Ludmila Poliakova
Natural Additives in Diet of Cows
Evgeny Ivanov, Olga Ivanova, Vera Tereshchenko and Lyubov E imova
Model of Transformation and Formation of Basic Fatty Acids in the Mammary Gland of Lactating Cows
Dmitry Panyushkin
New Concepts and Possible Ways to Improve Viability of High Yielding Cows
Gennadii Cherepanov
Analysis of the Potential Associated with the Siderophores
Synthesis in the Bacillus Subtilis Strain Using Whole Genome Sequencing
Timur Dunyashev, Georgij Laptev, Elena Yildirim, Larisa Ilina, Valentina Filippova, Dar’ya Tiurina, Andrej Dubrovin, Nikolaj Tarlavin, Svetlana Bikonya, Evgenij Brazhnik, Veronika Melikidy and Andrej Platonov
The Absorption of the Precursors of Milk Components by the Udder of Cows at Different Milk Fat Content
Evgenii Kharitonov and Aleksandr Berezin
Fattening of Lambs with Mixed Feeds of Different Protein Feeds
Evgenii Kharitonov and Elena Lisova
Cellulolytic Micro lora of Sheep Rumen and its Correction Using Lithium-Containing Adaptogen
Elena Koloskova, Georgy Laptev, Konstantin Ostrenko, Anastasiya Ovcharova, Elena Yildirim, Larisa Ilyina, Vadim Ezerskiy and Nadezhda Belova
The Protective Effect of the Feed Additive-Adaptogen on the Rumen Microbiota of Sheep from Pathogenic Microorganisms
Elena Koloskova, Georgy Laptev, Konstantin Ostrenko, Anastasiya Ovcharova, Elena Yildirim, Larisa Ilyina, Vadim Ezerskiy and Nadezhda Belova
Another random document with no related content on Scribd:
Maxwell, Matthew
Matthews, James
Morrison, John
Matthews, James, Jr.
Murray, Ham.
Montgomery, James
Murphy, Thomas
Mullen, John
Macneven, Wm. James
McBride, James
McGloin, Edward
McLaughlin, Peter
McAllister, Samuel
McKibben, Dr.
McGrath, Daniel
McBride, George
Niblo, William
Nicholson, John
Nichols, Samuel
Niblo, John
Osborne, Samuel (Treasurer)
O’Neill, Capt. Felix
O’Brien, William
O’Brien, Francis
Persse, Dudley (Secretary)
Patterson, Robert S.
Power, Rev. John
Park, David
Powell, James W.
Quinn, John
Redmond, William
Rutherford, Robert
Suffern, Thomas
Sampson, William
Stinson, Edey
Shaw, James
Shaw, William
Trenor, Dr.
Tait, John, Jr.
Thompson, Alexander
Thompson, Alex., Jr.
Usher, Luke
Usher, Robert
Usher, William
White, Campbell P. (President)
Wilson, John (First Vice-President)
Warren, J.
White, Robert
Wright, Dr.
Wilson, Joseph
Its presidents have been noted merchants, financiers, jurists and professional men. Daniel McCormick was the first president, serving from 1784 to 1788, and in 1793 and 1794, and again
from 1797 to 1827. Other presidents of this venerable Society were: William Constable, 1789, 1790 and 1795; Alexander Macomb, 1791; Thomas Roach, 1792; George Pollock, 1796; John Chambers, 1828 to 1833; James McBride, 1834; Campbell P. White, 1835 to 1838; Dr. Robert Hogan, 1839 to 1842; James Reyburn, 1843 to 1850; Richard Bell, 1851–1852 and 1865; Joseph Stuart, 1853–1856 and 1866; Samuel Sloan, 1857–1858; Richard O’Gorman, 1859; Charles P. Daly, 1860–1862, 1870, 1878–1884; James T. Brady, 1863–1864; Henry L. Hoguet, 1867; John R. Brady, 1868 and 1871–1874; Eugene Kelly, 1869; Thomas Barbour, 1875–1876; Hugh J. Hastings, 1877; Joseph J. O’Donohue, 1885–1886, 1888–1889; James R. Cuming, 1887; David McClure, 1890–1891; John D. Crimmins, 1892–1894; James S. Coleman, 1895–1896; Morgan J. O’Brien, 1897–1899; James A. O’Gorman, 1900–1902; James Fitzgerald, 1903–1905; Joseph I. C. Clarke, 1906; Michael J. Drummond, 1907; Stephen Farrelly, 1908; William Temple Emmet, 1908–1909.
The surprising growth of New York is well shown by the steady march up-town of the places where the anniversary dinners of the Society have
been held since its organization to the present time.
1784 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1795 1804 1805 1807 1808 1809 1816
Cape’s Tavern. (Now No. 115 Broadway.)
The Coffee House. (Mr. Bradford’s, in Water Street, near Wall Street.)
The Coffee House.
The Coffee House.
Merchants’ Coffee House. (S. E. Cor. Wall and Water Streets.)
to 1794 The City Tavern. (115 Broadway.)
to 1803 The Tontine Coffee House. (N. W. Cor. Wall and Water Streets.)
The Old Coffee House. (In Water Street, near Wall Street.)
and 1806 The Tontine Coffee House.
Phoenix Coffee House. (Wall Street.)
Mechanics’ Hall. (N. W. Cor. Broadway and Park Place.)
to 1815 The Tontine Coffee House. Washington Hall. (Now No. 280 Broadway.)
1817 1818 1833 1836 1838 1839
1840 1841 1847 1849
1850 1851 1857
1863 1864
The Tontine Coffee House. to 1832 The Bank Coffee House. (S. E. Cor. Pine and William Streets.) to 1835 The City Hotel. (115 Broadway.) and 1837 Washington Hotel. (No. 1 Broadway.)
Carlton House. (N. E. Cor. Broadway and Leonard Streets.)
City Hotel.
Niblo’s Tavern. (Broadway and Prince Street.)
to 1846 City Hotel. and 1848 No dinners Irish famine years. City Hotel.
Delmonico’s Hotel. (William Street.) to 1856 Astor House. to 1862 Metropolitan Hotel.
Delmonico’s. (Broadway and Chambers Street.)
to 1868 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)
1869 1871 1872
1873 1875
1876 1878 1879 1881
1884 1885 1896 1897 1898 1899 and 1870 St. James Hotel.
Hoffman House.
Hotel Brunswick. and 1874 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)
Hoffman House. and 1877 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)
Metropolitan Hotel. and 1880 Delmonico’s. (14th Street and Fifth Avenue.)
to 1883 Delmonico’s. (Madison Square.)
Hotel Brunswick. to 1895 Delmonico’s. (Madison Square.)
Hotel Savoy.
Waldorf.
Waldorf-Astoria.
to 1908 Delmonico’s. (Fifth Avenue and 44th Street.)
HON. PATRICK GARVAN.
Of Hartford, Conn.
A Life Member of the Society.
N .
Mr. Lenehan is the Chairman of the Membership Committee of the American Irish Historical Society, through whose efforts and ability 250 members have been added to the Society’s rolls between the time of his appointment in June, 1908, and January 16th, 1909, the date of the eleventh annual meeting in Washington, D. C. New applications from him have been coming in almost daily since the latter date. We look forward to at least an equal number of new members being admitted during 1909, and the Society hereby expresses the highest praise of Mr. Lenehan for his faithful and fruitful efforts in its behalf. Under his guidance, the printed matter which has gone forth during 1908 throughout the country has been prepared and circulated, and in his work he is receiving the cordial support of all the members.
Although in the midst of a busy life as a successful practising lawyer, Mr. Lenehan finds time to give valuable assistance by word and deed to these two great national societies, The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick and the American Irish Historical Society, both of which claim him as an honored member.
EARLY MARINE “WIRELESS.”
BY EDGAR STANTON MACLAY.
Not the least valuable of the many practical lessons taught by the cruise of the Atlantic battleship fleet around the world was the demonstration of the possibility of following from Washington almost every day’s move of the great white ships from their departure from Hampton Roads to their return, by means of wireless telegraphy and other methods of transmitting information. It is a cardinal point in the strategy of naval warfare to be thoroughly advised, first, of the location, disposition and conditions of your own ships and, second, the same of your adversary’s.
Some idea of the stupendous advances made in this most important detail may be gained by a comparison with the “wireless” marine telegraphy of a century ago when, although electricity had not been harnessed to the news bureau, ingenious methods of maintaining a “marine telegraph” were
operative which, in some instances, were most surprising in their results.
At the outbreak of the War of 1812 our government planned a crushing blow at British commerce. A fleet of 100 English merchantmen from Jamaica was expected to pass close to the North American coast and the most formidable squadron we could then assemble, consisting of the frigates President, United States and Congress, with the sloop and brig Hornet and Argus, under the command of Captain John Rodgers, was held in New York ready to sail. As soon as war was declared, June 18, 1812, a courier set out from Washington and in three days arrived in New York—quick work for those days, but the information now could be flashed in a few seconds.
One hour after receiving the news Rodgers got under way and on the morning of the second day out spoke an American vessel and learned from her master that he had seen the Jamaica fleet only two days before. Rodgers made sail in the direction indicated, but he was drawn away in a futile chase after the British frigate Belvidera. Afterward, however, he resumed his pursuit of the merchant fleet and on July 1 he detected “quantities of cocoanut shells and orange peels” in
the water, which showed that he was in the wake of the fleet. He followed this sea-trail several days and was rapidly overtaking the chase, when he lost it in the fogs on the Newfoundland Banks.
Floating bottles, pieces of wreckage, cask-heads and other ship debris were the “clicks” of the first “marine wireless” that assisted our early mariners in discovering the whereabouts of friend or foe on the high seas. And even a marine “postoffice” was a service recognized early in the 19th century— many years before it came into general use on land. When our 32-gun frigate Essex was making her memorable cruise in the Pacific Ocean, 1813–1814, Captain David Porter records that he stopped at Charles Island of the Galapagos in the southern Pacific Ocean to examine the “postoffice”—a box nailed to a tree in which whalers and other craft deposited records of their cruises and intended movements.
That these ocean “postoffices” were sometimes used for “misinformation” is shown in the case of this same Captain Porter. One of these “postal stations” in the Atlantic was the penal island of Fernando de Noronha, off the extreme eastern limit of Brazil. This was a point usually touched by vessels bound for the Cape of Good Hope or Cape Horn. While Porter was cruising in the south
Atlantic under orders to join the Constitution and Hornet, he hove-to off this port on December 14, 1812, and sending a boat ashore learned that there was a letter there addressed to “Sir James Yeo, of the British 32-gun frigate Southampton. ” He also learned that only the week before the English 44gun frigate “Acasta and the 20-gun sloop of war Morgiana” had stopped at that port and had sailed for Rio de Janeiro, leaving a letter addressed to “Sir James Yeo.”
Before sailing from the United States Porter had been instructed to pose as Sir James Yeo and was to join the Constitution and Hornet, which two vessels were to pass as the Acasta and Morgiana, off Cape Frio, Brazil. This was done to deceive the enemy. When Porter learned that there was a letter at Fernando de Noronha addressed to “Sir James Yeo,” he at once sent a present of porter and cheese to the governor of the island and received the coveted letter. It was found to contain the usual references of a voyage by a British commander, but some “key words” induced Porter to hold the letter to the flame of a candle, when the following instructions, written in sympathetic ink, became legible: “I am bound off Bahia, thence off Cape Frio, where I intend to cruise until the 1st of January. Go off Cape Frio, to the northward of
Rio de Janeiro, and keep a lookout for me. Your friend.”
Captain Porter did as ordered, but on December 29 the Constitution captured, after a hard fight, the British frigate Java, and soon afterward the Hornet sank the English sloop of war Peacock. This left the Essex free to choose her own course and the result was her memorable cruise of two years in the Pacific.
But the most remarkable instance of early marine wireless was that of the chase after the Constitution from Boston, across the Atlantic, by a powerful British squadron, which, on March 10, 1815, cornered Old Ironsides in Port Praya, near the extreme western coast of Africa, on the very day she entered that harbor and just seventy-six days after the hostile vessels had sailed from the blockade of the New England port.
For more than eight months British cruisers had been holding the dreaded Constitution—then commanded by Captain Charles Stewart in the Hub, but, late in December, 1814, she gave them the slip and once again was in blue water.
Running down to Bermuda, where he captured the merchant ship Lord Nelson, Stewart stood across the Atlantic to the Madeiras and then cruised for several days within sight of the Rock of Lisbon.
Shaping her course southward again the Constitution, on February 20, 1815, after a brilliant fight, captured the British cruisers Cyane and Levant and with his two prizes entered Port Praya on the morning of March 10.
Soon after the Constitution made her escape from Boston, a terrific snow storm, lasting several days, compelled the English blockading squadron to take refuge in Cape Cod Bay. On December 22, while the British officers were making themselves as comfortable as they could in the bitter cold, the English 18-gun brig sloop Arab, Captain Henry Jane, arrived with the startling information that the Constitution had escaped. At once there was a hurrying and scurrying for immediate pursuit. Provisions, bought at an exorbitant price from the canny landfolk, were hurried aboard and every preparation was made for a chase of indefinite length.
But in what direction were they to pursue?
Absolutely nothing is recorded in the log of the British flagship as to what course the Constitution had taken. Here nautical sagacity, aided by the “wireless telegraphy” then so remarkably in use on the high seas, came to the aid of the British senior officer of the blockading force Sir George Collier, of the 50-gun frigate Leander. Sir George sagely
conjectured that the Flying Yankee would most likely take a southern course so as to escape the bitterly cold winter of New England. In those days there were no means for heating the cabins, wardroom, steerage or berth decks of ships, so a prolonged stay in the higher latitudes was a problem to be seriously considered. Selecting the 50-gun frigate Newcastle, Captain Lord George Stuart, and the 40-gun frigate Acasta, Captain Kerr, to accompany him, Sir George, on December 24th, made sail in a blind chase southward.
It seems that on the night of December 21st the famous American privateer, Prince de Neuchâtel, also escaped from Boston and made the same course the Constitution had taken. When only a day or so out she ran into the same storm that drove the English blockading ships into Cape Cod Bay.
On the morning of December 28, just as the gale was abating and only four days after the British squadron sailed, Sir George overtook the Prince de Neuchâtel and captured her; and from some of the Englishmen who were aboard the privateer learned somewhat of the proposed itinerary of the Constitution. With this first direct trace of his game, the British commander shaped his course across the Atlantic for the coast of Spain.
How eager the English were to capture the Constitution, above all other American frigates, may be seen in the record of a sailor who was in the Prince de Neuchâtel at the time. He says that after being taken aboard the Leander as a prisoner he noticed a large placard nailed to her mainmast, which read as follows:
REWARD.
“A reward of One Hundred pounds sterling to the man who shall first descry the American frigate Constitution, provided she can be brought to, and a smaller reward should they not be enabled to come up with her.”
This same sailor writes: “Every one [in the Leander] was eager in his inquiries about this farfamed frigate and most of the men appeared anxious to fall in with her, she being a constant theme of conversation, speculation and curiosity. There were, however, two seamen and a marine— one of whom had had his shin sadly shattered from one of her grape-shot who were in the frigate Java when she was captured. These I have often heard say, in return to their shipmates’ boastings: ‘If you had seen as much of the Constitution as we have, you would give her a wide berth, for she throws her shot almighty
careless, fires quick, aims low and is, altogether, an ugly customer.’”
Continuing on his trail of the much-coveted Yankee frigate, Sir George, on January 4, 1815,— seven days after sailing while off the Western Isles, received another “wireless click” when he picked up a prize brig belonging to the American privateer Perry and from her master learned that the Perry had spoken the Constitution only a few days before, on a course that would indicate that she was making for the coast of Spain. As a matter of fact, this powerful British squadron was at that moment only a few hours’ sail from the Constitution.
Touching at the port of Fayal, January 13th, 1815, Sir George’s chase after Old Ironsides nearly terminated in disaster. A record left by one of the American prisoners in the Leander says: “We ran in with a southwest wind that had freshened to a stiff breeze till coming under the lee of the Peak of Pico, opposite to Fayal. This aided a little in breaking the wind and the heavy swell which came rolling in from the open sea beyond. Immediately to leeward was a rocky, perpendicular bluff of three hundred feet in height, which the sea was breaking against with the greatest fury.
“I had taken my perch upon the booms so as to have a chance of clearly seeing the working of the frigate, as well as the different objects of curiosity within my range.... The anchor was let go and the cable spun out to its entire length with the most fearful swiftness. But when all was out the frigate still went, stern-on, toward the bluff, as though the anchor was yet at the cathead. When she had drifted so as to be without the shelter of the Peak and exposed to the wind and heavy swell, both driving her on to inevitable destruction, unless suddenly checked in her course, none was so blind as not to see the peril, the almost instant annihilation with which the frigate was threatened, and in a twinkling it was known that the anchor had not taken hold, but was dragging.
“What means were adopted for the safety of the ship I know not, for my curiosity had full employment in following the old commodore [Sir George Collier] about the deck in his mad ravings.
I have read and heard much of the coolness, intrepidity and readiness of the English naval officers in all sudden cases of emergency and danger; and this commodore was one of the oldest in commission and a staunch veteran in the service. He had seen long service, fought many a fight, been slashed and cut to disfiguration as his
numerous scars plainly told had had one of his legs broken at three different places, at three separate periods between the hip and knee, each setting worse than the last, making his leg crooked, more crooked, most crooked.
“When he saw that the frigate was gathering sternway toward the bluff, he raved, stormed and swore at the ship, cable, anchor, officers, men, boys, hell and the devil, clinching each oath separately by a whack of his cane at and on everything within his reach. Now he was running toward the wheel at the stern, then furiously driving across the deck to the hawseholes at the bow, tacking first to larboard, then to the starboard side of the ship; yelling at the first lieutenant for not making the anchor hold on, swearing at the anchor for not obeying the lieutenant, damning the cable for not being longer, the water for being so deep, the bottom for lying so low; and, at last, when he had nothing else to crisp with his red-hot blessings, he blasted his own eyes, heart, liver and lights, winding up with a curse upon the prisoners, conveying their souls in a trice to the lower regions without benefit of clergy, for being the cause of all the disasters in store for him and his frigate—henceforth and forever.
“I was as fully sensible of the danger of our situation as any one, but I could not suppress my laughter at the antics which this hero of many wars was cutting about the decks. I have no simile nor comparison for his movements, for, verily, there is none. It was not a hitch-and-go-ahead, nor a half-hitch and side lurch; neither was it a back-and-fill, balance-haul or a bob-and-hop, straddling slide. No more like a cock-and-primed, tip-toe dance than a toe-and-heel, fore-and-after is like a cut-and-thrust, forward-spring, a backstaggering or blinker-wiper. It partook of the whole in about equal parts. In fact, I could liken his run with his crooked leg to nothing but the effort of the crab to walk upright upon a slippery surface, doggedly intent to win the wager of the half-blown terrapin, who, in the same attitude, is being balked in his first trial at the double-shuffle by attempting it in a wig, gown and Wellingtons instead of short-cuts and pumps and going at it with sleeves rolled up as an honest one should.
“At last the second anchor brought her up, and lucky it was that it did, for she had drifted within a few minutes’ distance of the bluff, where the frigate would not have held together five minutes. With the freshened winds and lashing waves throwing the spray mast-high, every soul on board
must have been lost, for the water was deep and the first thing the frigate would have struck was the perpendicular cliff—three hundred feet high and of unknown depth below.”
After this narrow escape Sir George transferred his prisoners to the sloop of war Pheasant and, after replenishing his stores, resumed his chase after the Yankee frigate. Just what course was pursued by the commander from this point is not shown in American or British records. It is a fact, however, that the presence of the Constitution in European waters was known in many ocean ports and that several British cruisers were sent out from Lisbon, Gibraltar and other nearby ports to intercept her.
It was, undoubtedly, by means of this “wireless marine telegraphy” that Sir George so shaped his course, after leaving Fayal, that he arrived off Port Praya, March 10, 1815, only a few hours after the Constitution with her two prizes, the Cyane and Levant, had entered that harbor. The miraculous escape of the American frigate from Sir George’s overwhelming force in the offing of Port Praya is a matter of history. It is recorded that he was so chagrined over the extraordinary escape of the Constitution after he had so successfully followed her, by means of the first “marine
wireless,” across the Atlantic that ten years afterward, on being reminded of the incident, he committed suicide.
SKETCHES OF WILLIAM DUNLAP, THOMAS P. JOHNSON AND THOMAS SHARP, DISTINGUISHED IRISH AMERICANS DURING REVOLUTIONARY TIMES.
BY JAMES L. O’NEILL OF ELIZABETH, N. J., A MEMBER OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL.
The following short series of articles relate to distinguished people of our race who played prominent parts in the stirring scenes during the Revolution, and whose memoirs are full of interesting anecdotes and descriptions of those times.
William Dunlap, son of Samuel Dunlap, who was a native of Ireland, Thomas P. Johnson, one of the prominent members of the New Jersey Bar 100 years ago, and others are referred to. Mr. Dunlap himself, in his memoirs, gives a graphic description of Revolutionary scenes in New Jersey. Another of the articles is a history by Thomas Sharp, a member of the Society of Friends, of Newton, Gloucester County, N. J. The brief history is here quoted exactly as compiled by the ancient author, and its quaint language, with
its disregard for spelling and construction, is interesting. Thatcher, a military writer of that time, gives a characteristic anecdote of Washington, which is here appended.
R T P A .
Perth Amboy, N. J., was the home of Governor Franklin, who was made a prisoner by the Colonials in the Revolution, and sent to Connecticut for safe-keeping.
William Dunlap, painter and author, was also a native of Perth Amboy, and a graphic description of “olden times” is contained in his own memoirs in his “History of the Arts of Design.” He says:
“I was born in the city of Perth Amboy and province of New Jersey. My father, Samuel Dunlap, was a native of the north of Ireland and son of a merchant of Londonderry. In youth he was devoted to the army and bore the colors of the Forty-seventh Regiment, ‘Wolfe’s Own,’ on the Plains of Abraham. He was borne wounded from the field on which his commander triumphed and died. After the French war, Dunlap, then a lieutenant in the Forty-Seventh, and stationed at Perth Amboy, married Margaret Sargent, of that
place, and retired from the army to the quiet of a country town and country store. The 19th of February, 1766, is registered as the date of my birth, and being an only child, the anniversary of the important day was duly celebrated by my indulgent parents. Of education I had none, in the usual sense of the word, owing to circumstances I shall mention, and much of that which is to the child most essential was bad.
“Holding negroes in slavery was, in those days, the common practice, and the voices of those who protested against the custom were not heeded. Every house in my native place where any servants were to be seen swarmed with black slaves. My father’s kitchen had several families of them, of all ages and all born in the family except one, who was called a new negro, and who had his face tattooed. His language was scarcely intelligible, though he had been long in the country, and was an old man. These blacks indulged me, of course, and I sought the kitchen as the place to find playmates and amusements suited to my taste. Thus in the mirth and games of the negroes, and the variety of visitors of the black race who frequented the place, my desires were shaped. This may be considered my first school, and, indeed, such was the education of many a boy in
the states where the practice of slavery continued. The infant was taught to tyrannize, the boy was taught to despise labor, the mind of the child was contaminated by hearing and seeing that which, perhaps, was not understood at the time but which remained in the memory. These kitchen associations were increased during a part of the Revolution by soldiers, who found their mess fare improved by visiting the negroes, and by servants of officers billeted in the house.
“Perth Amboy being now in the possession of the British, my father returned with his family to his home, and I saw in my native town, particularly after the battles of Princeton and Trenton, all the discomforts of a crowded camp and garrison. An army which had recently passed in triumph from the sea to the banks of the Delaware, and chosen its winter quarters at pleasure, was now driven in, crowded upon a shore washed by the Atlantic, and defended by the guns of the ships which had borne it thence.
“I have elsewhere compared the scenes I now witnessed to the dramatic scenes of Wallenstein’s Lager. Here was centered in addition to the soldiery cantoned at the place all those drawn in from the Delaware, Princeton and Brunswick,
together with the flower of the army, English, Scotch, and German, which had been brought in from Rhode Island. Here was to be seen a party of the Forty-Second Highlanders in national costume, and there a regiment of Hessians, their dress and arms a wide contrast to the first. The slaves of Anspach and Waldeck were there, the first somber as night, the second gaudy as noonday. Here dashed by a party of the Seventeenth dragoons, and there scampered a party of Yagers. The trim, neat and graceful English Grenadier, the careless and half-savage Highlander, with his flowing robes and naked knees, and the stiff German, could hardly be taken as members of one army. Here might be seen soldiers driving in cattle, and others guarding wagons loaded with household furniture instead of the hay and oats they had been sent for.
“The landing of the grenadiers and light infantry from the ships which transported the troops from Rhode Island; their proud march into the hostile neighborhood, to gather the produce of the farmer for the garrison; the sound of the musketry, which soon rolled back upon us; the return of the disabled veterans who could retrace their steps; and the heavy march of the discomfited troops, with their wagons of groaning
wounded, in the evening, are all impressed on my mind as pictures of the horrors and the soulstirring events of war.
“These scenes and others more disgusting—the flogging of English men and thumping and caning of German—which even my tender years could not prevent me from seeing all around, and the increased disorder among my fathers’ negroes, from mingling with the servants of officers, these were my sources of instruction in the winter of 1776–1777.”
JAMES H. DEVLIN. Jr.,
Of Boston, Mass.
