Refresh: More Social Less Media, by Link

Refresh MORE SOCIAL LESS MEDIA.

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Chaelin Kang / Emily Song / Komal Vij / Qingshi Zhang Integrative Research & Development / Spring 2018 / Instructor Robert Rabinovitz / Parsons School of Design

Parsons School of Design Strategic Design and Management Program Integrative Research & Development Spring 2018 Instructor Robert Rabinovitz

Chaelin Kang Emily Song Komal Vij Qingshi Zhang

Link

Link is a New York based firm with a team consisting of thinkers and designers. Our team helps identify, design, and communicate meaningful services and experiences.

Contents

About Us Meet the Team Social Media, Social Impact, Social Good Problem Statement

9 11 13 15

Phase I: Define Design Process

Design Process Planning Design Phases

Initial Exploration Scientific Studies

23 25 27 33 41

Phase II: Dive

Mind Maps Timeline Survey

Expert Interviews

Personas & Day in the Life

Case Studies

47 51 59 73 87 7 99

Phase III: Design Brainstorming

Logo Creation

107 111

Phase IV: Deliver

Initial Concept Inspirational Exhibitions

Final Prototype Brainstorming

Final Prototype & Deliverable

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About Us

Who We Are Link is a New York based firm with a team consisting of thinkers and designers.

Our team helps identify, design, and communicate meaningful services and experiences.

What We Do 1. Identify issues and gaps between people and existing problems.

2. Work as mediators between clients and the public.

3. Innovate ideas through our unique design process.

4. Provide insights to help companies and the public in significant ways.

5. Resonate ideas through successful efforts.

What To Expect Clients of Link are to expect innovative strategies and successful idea implementation to bring brand awareness.

Our team is dedicated on producing clear and effective work to communicate strong ideas in attainable ways.

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Meet the Team

Junior in Strategic Design & Management. Loves cooking and uses social media to communicate with family and friends.

Chaelin Kang

Junior in Strategic Design & Management. Loves gaming and uses social media mostly to promote online presence.

Emily Song

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Junior in Strategic Design & Management. Loves fashion and uses social media for inspiration and personal posts daily.

Komal Vij

Junior in Strategic Design & Management. Loves shopping, fashion and uses social media to share life with friends.

Qingshi Zhang

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Social Media

Information and communication technology has changed rapidly over the past 20 years with a key development being the emergence of social media. Social media is computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. The pace of change is accelerating. For example, the development of mobile technology has played an important role in shaping the impact of social media. Across the globe, mobile devices dominate in terms of total minutes spent online.

This puts the means to connect anywhere at any time on any device in everyone’s hands.

Social Impact

Many parents worry about how exposure to technology might affect toddlers developmentally. We know our preschoolers are picking up new social and cognitive skills at a stunning pace, and we don’t want hours spent glued to an iPad to impede that. But adolescence is an equally important period of rapid development, and too few of us are paying attention to how our teenagers’ use of technology—much more intense and intimate than 13 a 3-year-old playing with dad’s iPhone—is affecting them. In fact, experts worry that the social media and text messages that have become so integral to teenage life are promoting anxiety and lowering self-esteem.

Social Good

On social media sites, users may develop biographical profiles, communicate with friends and strangers, do research, and share thoughts, photos, music, links, and more. Proponents of social networking sites say that the online communities promote increased interaction with friends and family, offer teachers, librarians, and students valuable access to educational support and materials, facilitate social and political change, and disseminate useful information rapidly.

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Problem Statement

According to research performed by Digital Detox, close to 61% of humans, specifically the youth, admitted to being addicted to social media and their Parents, teachers, and governments worldwide are trying to keep the youth focused on the “real world�. There is a need for us to integrate activities that improve cognitive control to avoid the decaying psychological behavior of today’s youth.

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We need to create a method for humans to improve skills requiring mental attention yet at the same time find a way in which they can maintain a healthy lifestyle and actively use social media networks at the same time.

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Define

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Define

Phase I:

Define

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Design Process

Our design process was influenced by three design firms which inspired us throughout our research. Yet, it was our priority to create a process that was unique to our team and our practices.

The design firms, RKS, Fjord, and Nest are the firms which inspired our process.

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RKS We started off by foucusing on RKS’

1

2

3

intensive and detailed design process. Their categories were: Research, Synthesis, Key Attractors, Hero’s Journey, Design, Execution, and Moments of Truth.

After analyzing their approach, we were able to find what we felt was most meaningful to us at our own design firm. To follow up, we communicated as a team to narrow down the process and define the exact steps we felt were needed.

FJORD For Fjord, we focused majorly

on their 2018 Fjord Trends book. This book forecasted trends in design that are likely to be the way design is to develop in 2018.

NEST Our design firm was inspired by

Nest’s creative and innovative take on projects. The firm’s main focus is to provide their clients with a “nest” of comfort by reflecting on each clients’ individuality.

Nest caters primarily to the client.

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Design Process Planning

This is the initial sketch of our design process. We decided to combine the design processes of the different firms we were inspired by. To formulate an original design process for our firm, we brainstormed words which relate to each step. From there, we decided on the final design process for Refresh.

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After further analyzing the design process, we decided on this final version of our design process. Our forumlated design process follows four steps...Define, Dive,

Design, and Deliver.

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Final Design Phases

Define

Dive

At Link, our team believes an issue cannot be addressed until it is defined. By laying down the problem, headlining research like facts and statistics, and defining goals, we can fully understand the situation. Researching helps us gain insights for targeting the strengths and weaknesses of each project.

We dive into further conducted research. In this phase, our team conducts mind and system maps, case studies, identifies ideal personas/experts, and locate previous and existing solutions.

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Design

Deliver

Our team focuses on generating innovative ideas by brainstorming, finding design inspiration, and prototyping.

In this phase, we highlight our design process iterations and final ideation of deliverables.

Our final stage is dedicated to implementation and reflection of the finished deliverable. With our client, the team discusses future plans and goals, campaigns, and partnerships as possible outcomes of combating issues.

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Define

Research

Initial Exploration

Define

Nowadays, we have access to technology at our fingertips. We communicate with people across the world in an instant and often times we interact with an audience we don’t even know. We accept it as the norm, yet we don’t often see the negative effects it may bring upon our psychological health.

After researching and analyzing several studies, we found technology, specifically social media, has a negative effect on individuals’ psychological health.

Our goal is not only to inform our audience of the repercussions of their daily usage of social media, but to also create a global intervention as a way of compromising with our reliance on social technology with our wellbeing.

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Current Social Issues

The following collages and sketches highlight issues the world is currently facing today. Some of the issues affecting us on a worldwide scale are a decline in health, invasion of privacy, bullying, inequality, loss of communication, obesity, and police brutality. Out of these problems, we found that a recurring trend was technology. Most of the problems we encounter now are related to technology in some way.

As a team, we focused primarily on peoples’ decline in health, specifically psychological health. This includes a loss of communication and interaction between humans on a face to face basis and mental illnesses linked to social media’s effect on people.

Define

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Define

Research

Scientific Studies

Define

Through research, we analyzed a few profund scientific works that support our hypothesis of the negative effect social media usage has on the human mind.

There are two studies which provided viable evidence to our claims. The first study looks at alterations in the brain

associated with social media addiction through MRI imaging.

The second study looks specifically at

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white matter in the brain in relation to antisocial personality disorder.

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Study 1 of 2: Brain Anatomy Alterations

Associated With Social Networking Site (SNS) Addiction Authors: Qinghua He, Ofir Turel, and Antoine

This initial study was to find any alterations in brain anatomy in correlation to social media addiction. This study used voxel based morphometry (VBM) and applied it to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of 20 social media users with varying addiction. Ultimately, it was found that social media addiction is linked to reduced grey matter.

“Grey matter contains the cell bodies, dendrites and axon terminals of neurons and is therefore where the synapses are located.�

The researchers also found out that having reduced grey matter in certain areas of the brain related to addiction led to a more impulsive brain system.

A. Rendered brain

Define

These figures depict the results in three different views.

B. Coronal view

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C. Sagittal View

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Study 2 of 2: Reduced White Matter

Integrity in Antisocial Personality Disorder A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study Authors: Weixiong Jiang, Feng Shi, Huasheng Liu, Gang Li, Zhongxiang Ding, Hui Shen, Celina Shen, Seong-Whan Lee, Dewen Hu, Wei Wang, and Dinggang Shenb.

This second study further exemplefies how social media addiction is related to mental disorders by connecting the reduction in white brain matter to antisocial behavior.

The research team measured white matter abnormalities of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures: fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD).

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) involves behavioral impairments, including poor self-control ability, impulsivity, aggression, and unemotional traits.

As a result, FA, AD, and RD deficit were found in several major white matter pathways mainly connecting the fronto-parietal control network and fronto-temporal network, these pathways often correlate with impulsivity or risky behaviors.

This study further connects fronto-temporal brain abnormalities and different white matter microstructure.

It also revealed the abnormality in the fronto-parietal control network. Ultimately, there is a correlation between the reduction of white brain matter and antisocial behavior.

Define

Blue represents decreased FA value in ASPD patients, and red represents increased FA value in ASPD patients.

Blue represents decreased AD value in ASPD patients.

Red represents increased RD value in ASPD patients.

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Dive

Phase II:

Dive

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Mind Mapping

The following mind maps highlight our process of initial research. The first mind map describes the different types of social media networks such as a dating, career, friend, or family networks. The second mind map illustrates the approximate usage of each network. The third and fourth mind map demonstrate the different age groups which are active on social media networks. These initial sketches help us further identify our users.

Dive

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Dive

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Communication, Media, a Social Media Timeline

Claude Chappe succeeds in creating the first telegraph system.

Guglielmo Marconi invents the first long distance radio.

1792

1891

550 BC

1890

1958

Ancient Persia introduces the first way to communicate, the postal service.

The telephone becomes the fastest way to communicate person to person.

The U.S. creates “ (Advanced Resear Projects Agency) regain a lead in technology.

Dive

and

ARPA is available online, allowing communication within the U.S.

“World Wide Web”, developed by Tim Berners-Lee, is the first provider that gives people access to the internet. AOL launches an online chat service.

1969

1989

“ARPA” rch to

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1972

1997

Ray Tomlinson, a computer scientist, introduces electronic mail, also known as “EMail”.

The first social networking website, “Six Degrees”, is developed.

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Friendster, a social networking site, is developed by Jonathan Abrams.

Flickr and Digg are developed.

2002

2004

1999 “LiveJournal� is launched by American programmer, Brad Fitzpatrick. This service allows users to keep a blog.

2003

2005

MySpace, LinkedIn, and Facebook are developed.

YouTube is develo

Twitter is developed by a group of four men. The service gained popularity rapidly globally.

Dive

2011

2006

oped.

Snapchat, a networking site is introduced to the world. The application gained popularity in America and Europe after its release.

2010

2018

Pinterest and Instagram are introduced.

As of 2018, there are 2.46 billion social media users globally.

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Dive

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Dive

Research Method

Survey

Dive

To collect and gain further insights, we sent out a survey to individuals of all age groups. By conducting the survey, we were able to collect answers to help us understand the main issues faced by users of social media. The survey consisted of multiple choice, short answer, and yes/no questions.

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Survey 1. How much do you believe that social media affects you?

5.6%

Only answered that it does not affect them.

94.4% said that it affects them.

91.4%

Dive

2. Do you feel like you need to take a break from social media?

answered that they need a break.

3. What are the negative impacts of social media on you?

1. Bad Eyesight 2. Insomnia / Poor Sleep Quality 3. Lowered Self-Esteem 4. Depression / Anxiety 5. Addiction

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4. How did social media affect you?

1. “Lowered my self-esteem by comparing my life with someone else.”

2. “It distracts me when I try to do my work.”

3. “Watching people having fun on social media makes me feel like I am a total loser.”

4. “I care about my appearance more and social media influencers mean more than celebrities do.”

5. What kind of advice do you want to give in the future when your son/daughter is about to start using social networking sites?

“Control yourself don't let it control you."

“Take advantage of it, but don’t let it take advantage of you."

“Number of followers and friends is just a number so don’t try so hard to earn them. At the end, they’re nothing."

"Don't even start!"

“That is not your life" “Keep in mind that whatever you do, you are being watched all the time. "

17.1% Maybe

Dive

6. Do you think social media affects your self esteem, gives you anxiety, or makes you feel depressed?

42.9% Yes, in a negative way

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11.4% No

28.6% Yes, in a positive way

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Dive

Research Method

Expert Interviews

Expert 1 of 3:

Professor at The New School

Dive

Catherine Mindolovich

Expert 2 of 3:

Jeremy Safran

Professor at The New School 61 Expert 3 of 3: Tim Stock

Associate Professor at The New School

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Expert 1 of 3:

Catherine Mindolovich Professor of Fundamentals of Psych Email: mindoloc@newschool.edu Office: 63 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY

Please briefly introduce yourself and your current work: Professor of Psychology, no personal research projects at the moment.

What current projects are of great interest to you and why?

Nothing as of now.

Social media does not affect me at all. It’s definitely not for someone my age and there’s much more important things I need to spend my time doing. I see my daughter use it and I do think that it is a useful tool to keep in touch with family and friends.

Dive

How does social media affect your psychological state? How does this affect your daily life?

How do you think social media affects the psychological state of others? How do you think this may impact their daily lives?

I see many of my students using social media and while I do think that it could be used to keep in touch with people and connect, it can also distance us from the people around us.

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Do you know of, or have you worked on any interventions for addiction to social media in any form?

No, and I am not aware of any.

We found research that points to the reduction of white matter in the brain being linked to both social media addiction and antisocial behavior. Do you think social media addiction can lead to mental disorders such as antisocial behavior? Please elaborate.

Social media itself cannot cause disorders, it’s how we use it and the amount of time we spend on social media that will start to affect us.

What do you suspect to be the core of the problem in social media addiction?

It’s the instant gratification of using social media. There’s always an instant response. It’s a distraction, but it’s also convenient. It’s always there.

Is there anything we have left out that you think can be helpful in our work?

This type of research and study is obviously crucial for the world we live in today to have a stronger grasp on. Everything is constantly changing and shifting and we’re dealing with social media without having a thought of its true impacts, whether it’s good or bad.

Dive

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Expert 2 of 3:

Jeremy Safran Professor of Psychology Email: safranj@newschool.edu Office Location: 80 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY

Please briefly introduce yourself and your current work: Professor of clinical psychology. Conducts research on psychotherapy.

What current projects are of great interest to you and why?

How does social media affect your psychological state? How does this affect your daily life?

Dive

Train therapists, improving therapeutic relationships and keeping them from getting stuck. Developing an online training program for training therapists. It is important to provide the necessary education to therapists.

It doesn’t affect me. I don’t look at my accounts often at all. It is not a part of my life and it has no impact on me, but I do see my daughters using it often. I only get birthday alerts on Facebook.

How do you think social media affects the psychological state of others? How do you think this may impact their daily lives?

I see the good value of social media, but I can also see it as a way of losing connection instead of gaining it.

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Do you know of, or have you worked on any interventions for addiction to social media in any form?

No, and I am not aware of any.

We found research that points to the reduction of white matter in the brain being linked to both social media addiction and antisocial behavior. Do you think social media addiction can lead to mental disorders such as antisocial behavior? Please elaborate.

Social media can’t cause psychological disorders directly. It may lead to social reclusiveness, thus socially isolated behavior, and can therefore be a problem.

Dive

What do you suspect to be the core of the problem in social media addiction?

People who are reclusive or shy may find refuge in social media. These people can relate to the world of social media as a way of regulating experience. Social media could prevent people from getting the help they really need.

Is there anything we have left out that you think can be helpful in our work?

This is important to study because the world is constantly changing. It’s important to not catastrophize what is happening. There is definitely a dramatic impact, but we do not know what is happening. What are the constructive uses vs. the destructive?

No doubt social media is changing what it means to be a human being.

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Expert 3 of 3:

Edward Keller Tim Stock Associate Professor of Design Strategies Email: stockt@newschool.edu

Please briefly introduce yourself and your current work: Professor of Design Strategies and co-founder of scenarioDNA, a consulting agency that analyzes global trends.

I’ve been working with different stores, recently beauty and fashion, to analyze their trend reports and help strategically predict future trends of their market sector. Nothing psychology related per-say but I do include using Jung’s archetypes into my work.

Dive

What current projects are of great interest to you and why?

How does social media affect your psychological state? How does this affect your daily life?

Not fond of social media. I have a Facebook account but I just use it for friend and family relations, like to contact someone conveniently.

Otherwise, I don’t find myself using it often so it doesn’t affect me much.

How do you think social media affects the psychological state of others? How do you think this may impact their daily lives?

I see it ask a part of my kids’ life and also students as well. Social media is a form of communication. It’s everchanging just like our communities and we often use it as a tool for understanding our social circumstances. 71 We can definitely use it to our advantage, it’s not all negative.

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Do you know of, or have you worked on any interventions for addiction to social media in any form?

No, I haven’t.

We found research that points to the reduction of white matter in the brain being linked to both social media addiction and antisocial behavior. Do you think social media addiction can lead to mental disorders such as antisocial behavior? Please elaborate.

Yeah, definitely. It may not be so drastic, but that’s how we don’t realize the impact of always being on social media. People can use it as an escape, because it’s comforting and there’s no pressures of reality.

Dive

What do you suspect to be the core of the problem in social media addiction?

People may just be forgetting the importance of things that aren’t digital. We don’t have appreciation for newspapers or walking outside.

But trends actually tell that in the future, there’s a good chance this will change completely.

Is there anything we have left out that you think can be helpful in our work?

Social media addiction is a problem we can all see, but we should understand that it is not necessarily all that bad. Really, it is a form of communication and we should acknowledge that and find ways to work around it better.

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Dive

Research Method

Personas

Persona 1 of 3:

Dive

The following three personas have helped us understand the needs, experiences, behaviors, and goals of those addicted to social media. Being that the youth is most affected, we have selected users within the desired age range to represent our ideal users.

Lucy Wheaton

Persona 2 of 3: Michael Smith

Persona 3 of 3: Kate Baker

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Persona 1 of 3 Goals: 1. Make more friends at college 2. Intern at the United Nations 3. Travel to Japan Frustrations:

Lucy Wheaton “Since I’ve started college at N.Y.U., I’ve joined 10 student networking groups on Facebook.”

Age: 19 Job Title: Student Location: Wayne, New Jersey Personality Traits: reserved, determined, and motivated

1. Doesn’t socialize enough on campus as much as she would like to due to her long travel commute back home 2. Needs to get at least a 3.8 GPA to get an internship with the United Nations 3. Wants to attend a design course in Paris, but needs to save money in order to register

Lucy is currently a sophomore student at N.Y.U. studying Interior Design. She doesn’t live on campus or in the city because she wants to save as much money as she can, so she commutes from home and lives with her mother. Lucy finds it difficult to make friends on campus because she is only there when she has class. She has joined several student groups on Facebook, but she still hasn’t made an effort to attend any of the events due to her busy schedule. Lucy thinks connecting with other students on Facebook and attending events will hopefully help her make friends.

Key Insights: 1. wants to make friends at college 2. finds it difficult to make friends on campus as she goes home immediately after class, but when she is on campus during breaks, she notices everyone is mostly on their laptops and phones 3. is using Facebook as a way to meet new people at college

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Dive

Bio:

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Lucy’s Day in the Life Goes on break for 1 hour, so she eats lunch alone on campus

Wakes up and gets ready for college

7:00 AM

9:30 AM

Attends first class of the day

11:30 AM

2:30

Is done with entire day; w a college eve Facebook tha today at 4pm home to finis

0 PM

5:30 PM

classes for the wants to attend ent she saw on at is happening m, but has to go sh chores

Checks her Instagram and Facebook for 20 minutes before going to bed

7:00 PM

Dive

Finishes her chores and starts to do her assignments for class

11:30 PM 79

Eats dinner with her mom and sister before going out to get tea with an old high school friend

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Persona 2 of 3 Goals: 1. Get an “A” in World History 2. Become an engineer 3. Travel across America by road Frustrations:

Michael Smith “Every week, my friends and I would go to the movies or to the Saugatuck Shopping Center, but recently we have had a disconnect.”

Age: 12 Job Title: Student Location: Saugatuck, Michigan Personality Traits: shy, intelligent, and adventurous

1. Having trouble finding a date for the annual spring dance 2. Was already an introvert and shy, but technology has made it harder to interact and socialize with others at school and outside of school 3. Feels a loss of communication amongst family and friends

Michael is currently a seventh-grade student at Saugatuck Middle School. He has always been an introvert and only opens up to his group of friends. Michael and his friends share the same hobbies like video gaming, watching sci-fi movies, and skateboarding. Michael feels his friends have had a disconnect with him. He feels it is due to a recent social media scandal at school. About three weeks ago, a classmate had posted an embarrassing photo of Michael on Instagram. The photo went viral amongst all of the students at the school. Since the incident, his friends have been avoiding him.

Key Insights: 1. has trouble interacting with people, he blames technology for this 2. feels a loss of communication with family and friends 3. due to a viral instagram post, he is being ignored and bullied

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Dive

Bio:

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Michael’s Day in the Life Wakes up and gets ready for school

7:00 AM

Leaves school and goes home

11:30 AM

Has lunch at school, but sits alone because his friends are ignoring him

2:30 PM

4:30

Checks his soc accounts on In and Twitter; st homework

0 PM

cial media nstagram tarts his

5:30 PM

Prepares for school tomorrow morning; goes to bed after checking social media accounts once more

7:00 PM

Dive

Usually goes to see a movie or to the mall with friends, but has no plans tonight due to the their loss of communication

11:30 PM 83

Has dinner with his mother and father; plays video games afterwards

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Persona 3 of 3 Goals: 1. Find a special someone before she turns 30 2. Travel to Paris, France 3. Get a promotion at work within the next year Frustrations:

Kate Baker “The evolution of technology and social media is great, but I tend to take a digital detox once in a while.”

Age: 29 Job Title: Project Manager at Thomson Reuters Location: New York, New York Personality Traits: ambitious, outgoing, and focused

1. Doesn’t get time to relax due to busy schedule 2. Feels Instagram has taken over her life negatively because she sees happy couples all the time and gets depressed 3. Thinks her boss doesn’t appreciate her or her hard work

Kate currently resides in the city and works at a well-known company, but she is facing many issues in her personal and work life. At work, she does her best, but feels her boss doesn’t appreciate her. Personally, she feels she doesn’t get enough time to herself because of her busy schedule. Kate has a lot of friends and a great social life, but she feels something is missing in her life. She would like to find a special someone, but she feels desperate and rushed. Social media makes her see perfect relationships all of the time and she can’t seem to find one for herself, so her self-esteem drops.

Key Insights: 1. instagram makes her feel depressed because she compares herself to others 2. feels social media affects her self esteem negatively 3. wants to find a special someone, but is having trouble interacting

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Dive

Bio:

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Kate’s Day in the Life Goes on a lunch break with colleagues; one of her colleagues sets her up on a date with a common friend; uses Facebook to access the guy’s account to see what he looks like

Wakes up and gets ready for work; leaves within an hour with her room mate

7:00 AM

9:30 AM

Has many meetings at work back to back

12:00 PM

5:30

Goes to the g after work an influencer she Instagram, so photo and pos account

Dive

Goes home and gets ready for dinner with her best friend

0 PM

gym right nd meets an e finds on o she takes a sts it onto her

6:30 PM

Checks her phone before going to bed

8:00 PM

12:00 AM 87

Has dinner and drinks with her friend at a restaurant she found on Instagram

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1.

Case Studies Dive

Research Method

Case Studies

Case Study 1 of 3: Dive

Self-Esteem

Case Study 2 of 3: Cyberbullying

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Case Study 3 of 3: Comparison

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Case Study 1 of 3 Theme: Self-Esteem Methodology: Survey

To find out if there is a relationship between social media and selfesteem among teenagers, Shannon Gallagher, Psychology Professor from Rowan University, gathered 130 participants from two high schools and completed two different surveys.

Dive

93 Students were found to be significant against self-esteem scores including if they did not receive as many likes as they thought they were going to on their posts, the amount of time the participants waited to check social media after they posted something and etc.

The conclusion of the current study is that a relationship does exist between social media and self-esteem.

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Case Study 2 of 3 Theme: Cyberbullying Methodology: Survey This study was performed by Auria La Rece Johnson, professor at Texas Southern University who surveyed 108 adolescents to conclude the relationship between teenage social media usage and the increase in teenage suicide as a result of cyberbullying on social media networks.

The surveyed measured whether participants had been exposed to cyberbullying from their social network usage and the frequency of cyberbullying experience.

The research questions also identified whether students made any suicide attempts after experiencing cyberbullying on social media networks.

The results showed that adolescents with frequent social media usage experienced cyberbullying more often than those who did not have access to social media accounts.

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Case Study 3 of 3 Theme: Comparison Methodology: Interview This study was done by Michelle Solomon, Clinical Psychology Doctoral student from William James College to explore the way how young adult females are impacted by social media participation

and exposure to media images that has the potential to affect the individual’s evaluation of self, primarily their self esteems by interviewing the participants.

between their real and online selves,

Dive

Interviews dealt with topics such as descriptions of their selection, manipulation of content posts, presentations of an idealized self, their process of engaging in impression management, the comparison

varying experiences when viewing profiles of unknown and known others, their affective responses when viewing and to what degree online social comparison 97 can affect the view of self.

Results reflected that women looking out for images of what they want to look like, the clothes they want to wear, and the lifestyle they want to live, created a comparative process that may elicit negative reactions such as jealousy, sadness and feeling left out.

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Case Study Insights Through the case studies that explored the influences and effects on various topic, we have discoverd that social media does

give a huge impact on teenagers/ young female’s mental and psychological health.

Dive

From these hard facts and tragic reality, we will find a way to guide these issues into a better pathway through designing deliverables.

Design creates an opportunity for Link to address the main problem and connect these case studies to the brighter side of adolescents.

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Phase III:

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Design

Brainstorming

Inspiration FJORD We were inspired by the layout of Fjord

Design

Design Studios’ 2018 Trends book. Their five column grid was very unique and versatile. We agreed that this design was very resonant with our own team and goals. The colors Fjord used were also vibrant but also soft enough to the eye. Because we are working with people, we wanted a design that is very inviting.

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Ideating

First, we sketched out different ideas for our design. We kept in mind the different variations we could need for our pages.

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Colors Initial Ideas The below are preliminary color choices. Based on its relation to emotion and compatibility.

Main Palette These colors are what makes up our main palette. All the

Design

c0lors are from the main social media app which most of the millenniums using. We feel these colors display great synergy and represents our project goals. Other colors are still to appear for variety.

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Design

Logo Creation

REFRESH is the name of this project. This was created the same way we created LINK. We want our audience to feel refreshed, not pressured. We believe comfort is the first step to compromise.

Design

LINK is the name of our team. We decided to brainstorm ideas for a team name first.

This also helped us set an identity for our future goals.

We wrote down any words that came into our minds regarding our project topic.

These words were psych, mind, network, link, plugged, and unplug. As a group, we decided the word link best fits our team.

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Project Name

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Design

Team Name

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Phase IV:

Deliver

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Deliver

Initial Concept

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Deliver

Social media addiction is a big topic to tackle.

We knew this was a wicked problem. There are many interventions out there, yet the problem still exists. We wanted to create an intervention that will seamlessly integrate into the habits of our audience. We wanted to make something that will be highly accepted, an idea that is fun and inviting, yet tackles the issue strongly.

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To begin, we started by brainstorming various ideas for the solution. Working together, we were able to contribute a broad range of possible interventions.

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Inspirational Exhibitions

One idea struck us. Interactive exhibits sounded very intriguing. Lately these exhibitions have been very popular and can be found in several big cities across the country. Since LINK is based in NYC, we found this to be a great opportunity and focus for us. The idea is fun and well known in the age group of our audience.

Exhibition 2: Sunnyhues Entertainment

Deliver

Exhibition 1: Museum of Ice Cream

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Exhibition 3: Dream Machine

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Final Prototype Brainstorming Refresh is a project aiming to connect

the positives and negatives of social media usage. LINK believes no wicked problem is black and white.

Our goal is to create a collaborative space for fun, friendships, and discovery.

LINK has created a travelling exhibition that will begin in New York City and travel around the country, and later, the world.

Our goal is to create a talking space that will initiate conversations. We want people to create friendships, learn new topics, and enjoy their reality. To enhance this experience, the use of social media is used. Pictures may be taken and posted on Instagram for sharing. This is a form of communication and spreading stories.

We want our audience to enjoy their life and use social media as a way to enhance their reality, instead of having social media as the main dish.

Our exhibition, titled ‘Refresh!’ consists of 5 separate rooms, each dedicated to a specific theme and activity, but all to promote the central goal of the experience.

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Deliver

We realize that social media addiction is a global reality. We all face it, yet we do not know how to deal with it. Many people do not even see the impact of social media in their lives, even though it is much prevalent.

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Final Prototype & Deliverable

For the final deliverable, we decided on opening up LINK’s own interactive exhibit in downtown Manhattan, ‘Refresh!’. The exhibit features five interactive rooms for people to interact, play, and socialize without the use of technology. Although, a few of the interactive rooms allow phones for photos and videos, constantly being on social media is not required here! The Refresh! exhibit’s main motto is...More Social Less Media.

Deliver

Available Rooms: I Mirror Room

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II Jackbox Room III Short Film Room IV Bouncy Room V DIY Tea Shop

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Our Website

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Our Instagram

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Refresh! System Map

New York City

Los Angeles

Europe: London

Deliver

Asia: Hong Kong

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Sources Phase I - Define http://digitaldetox.org/manifesto/ Phase II - Dive https://www.fjordnet.com/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28332625 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22159119 https://www.rksdesign.com/ Phase III - Design https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2017/technology-social-media.PDF I - Gallagher, Shannon M. “The Influence of Social Media on Teens’ Self-Esteem.” Rowan University, 2017.

II - Johnson, Auria La Rece. “Negative Effects of Cyberbullying and Social Media use among Young Adolescents.” Texas Southern University, 2017. http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/ III - Solomon, Michelle. “Social Media and Self-evaluation: The Examination of Social Media Use on Identity, Social Comparison, and Self-esteem in Young Adult Females.” William James College, 2016

Phase IV - Deliver https://www.digitaltrends.com/features/the-history-of-social-networking https://interestingengineering.com/chronological-history-of-social-media https://www.museumoficecream.com/ http://sunnyhues.com/

Deliver

https://www.visitdreammachine.com/

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