Design Portfolio 2014-2020 by Rinika Prince

RINIKA PRINCE

DESIGN PORTFOLIO SELECTED WORKS 2014-2020

INDEX OF WORKS

CURRENT SCENARIO

TRIGGERED SCENARIO

The State Capitol and the City Hall

Distributing the City Hall to amplify its zone of influence over larger

with overlapping zones of

parts of the city. Combining City Hall programs with inherently public

influence.

events to attempt at placemaking through public participation.

City-parcel-building

Fragmentation of the building

Creating field conditions

Connect

Split

Stack

Permeate

Raise

Invert

01 01

1”=1000’ Ohio Penitentiary Columbus, OH

1818/1834 cpty: 5235

1”=1000’ Southeastern Correctional Institution Lancaster, OH

1856/1990 cpty: 1593

1”=1000’ Ohio State Reformatory Mansfield, OH

1896 cpty: XXXX

Department of Finance

City Council

Human Resouces

Council Chamber

City Clerk

Mayor & Executive

Police Department

Human Relations Community Services

District Courts

Development

Jail/Booking

The City Attorney

Public Services

Planning

IT Department

SPATIAL MANIPULATION POLICIES

1”=1000’ Pickaway Correctional Institution Orient, OH

1984 cpty: 2088

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ AllenPenitentiary Correctional Institution Ohio Lima, OH OH Columbus,

1818/1834 1987 cpty: cpty: 5235 1645

1”=1500’ 1”=1000’ Correctional Correctional Reception Center Southeastern Institution Orient, OH OH Lancaster,

1856/1990 1987 cpty: cpty: 1593 1500

1”=1000’ Ohio State Reformatory Mansfield, OH

1896 cpty: XXXX

1”=1000’ Pickaway Correctional Institution Orient, OH

1984 cpty: 2088

1”=1000’ Allen Correctional Institution Lima, OH

1”=1500’ Correctional Reception Center Orient, OH

1987 cpty: 1500

1”=1500’ 1987 Ross Correctional Institution cpty: 2258 Chillicothe, OH

1987 cpty: 2037

1987 cpty: 1645

EXISTING CITY HALL PROGRAM ANALYSIS

1”=1000’ Orient Correctional Institution Orient, OH

1902 cpty: 1724

1”=1000’ London Correctional Institution London, OH

1912 cpty: 2500

1”=1000’ Lima (Oakwood) Correctional Institution Lima, OH

1”=1000’ Ohio Reformatory for Women Marysville, OH

1916 cpty: 2011

1”=1500’ Chillicothe Correctional Institution Chillicothe, OH

1917 cpty: 2950

1”=1500’ Marion Correctional Institution Marion, OH

1”=1000’ Lebanon Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH

1960 cpty: 2465

1”=1500’ Southern Ohio Correctional Facility Lucasville, OH

1973 cpty: 1330

1”=1000’ Hocking Correctional Facility Ward, OH

1915 XXXX

1954 cpty: 2623

1”=1500’ 1”=1000’ Madison Correctional Institute Orient Correctional Institution London,OHOH Orient,

1”=1500’ 1”=1000’ Ross Correctional 1987 London 1902 CorrectionalInstitution Institution Chillicothe, OH cpty:1724 2258 London, cpty: OH

1”=1000’ Dayton Correctional Institution Dayton, OH

1987 cpty: 938

1”=1000’ Grafton Correctional Institution Grafton, OH

1988 cpty: 2074

1”=1000’ 1”=500’ 1916 1988 Ohio Reformatory for Women Northeast Reintegration Center (Women) cpty: cpty:2011 590 Marysville, Cleveland, OH

1”=1000’ Lorain Correctional Institution Grafton, OH

1990 cpty: 1089

1”=1000’ 1”=1500’ Lebanon Correctional Institution Mansfield Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH OH Mansfield,

1987 1912 cpty: 2500 2037 cpty:

1”=1000’ Lima (Oakwood) Correctional Institution Lima, OH

1”=1500’ 1”=1000’ Chillicothe Correctional Institution Warren Correctional Institution Chillicothe, Lebanon, OH OH

1917 1989 cpty: cpty: 2950 1328

1”=1500’ Marion Correctional Institution Marion, OH

1”=1500’ 1”=1000’ 1960 SouthernCorrectional Ohio Correctional Facility Facility 1990 Collins cpty: Lucasville, NY OH cpty:2465 2523 Collins,

1982 1973 cpty: 1330 1700 cpty:

1”=1000’ Hocking Correctional Facility Ward, OH

04 1982 cpty: 481

1915 XXXX

1954 cpty: 2623

1”=1000’ Dayton Correctional Institution Dayton, OH

1987 cpty: 938

1”=1000’ Grafton Correctional Institution Grafton, OH

1988 cpty: 2074

1”=1000’ Lorain Correctional Institution Grafton, OH

1990 cpty: 1089

1”=1500’ Madison Correctional Institute London, OH

1”=500’ Northeast Reintegration Center (Women) Cleveland, OH

1988 cpty: 590

1”=1000’ Warren Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH

1989 cpty: 1328

05 1982 cpty: 481

06 1”=1500’ Mansfield Correctional Institution Mansfield, OH

1”=1000’ 1990 Collins Correctional Facility cpty: 2523 Collins, NY

1982 cpty: 1700

CARE

TECHNOLOGY

NEIGHBORHOOD

personal assistance building trust

taking healthcare to neighborhoods breaking cultural, language barriers providing awareness building networks

creating a sense of place enforcing preventive care lifestyles

NETWORK OF CARE Graduate Thesis Instructor: Bryan Boyer 2019-2020 Historical research of healthcare shows an overarching pattern of a system that once delivered via centers of religious practices, as an extension of charitable and welfare services for those in need, to a healing ‘machine’ that was characterized by segregation and consolidation, driving toward efficiency. As we know, this is now breaking down further in scale in the form of retail clinics, mobile health, and telemedicine that deliver healthcare but also have negative impacts in terms of social isolation. Network of Care aims to counter inequality in access and a decline in interpersonal care through a mobile health unit that brings personal care to communities in lower-density cities. This speculative autonomous unit will provide primary care services to neighborhood residents as well as providing place-making strategies that elevate healthy lifestyles through safe and inspiring architectural environments. The project piggybacks on existing urban infrastructures of Detroit, such as libraries, parks, schools, to provide primary health assistance for pregnant women and children in the “health desert” areas of the city. Networks of Care addresses a lack of access to healthy food, social isolation, and the poor quality of physical environments. The project will display two test cases; one when docked next to an elementary school and the other in one of Detroit’s neighborhood parks. These test cases allow Networks of Care to demonstrate the viability of combining autonomous mobility and architectural strategies to create safe and inspiring places as well as facilitating more effective community engagement practices.

THE DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM OF CARE

Modern Medicine

The Roman Valetudinarium

The Greek Asklepieion 4th century BC

The Pavilion The Pavilion The Pavilion

1st century BC

Modern MedicineFirst public demonstration of

Hospital as a healing machine

Hospital a healing machine Hospital as aas healing machine

the use of ether anesthesia for surgery, 1890.

Non-religious healthcare

Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19

13th century

The Chelsea Hospital, Chelsea Hospital, London,London, TheThe Chelsea Hospital, London, 1682. 1682. 1682.

Hos The sanctuary of Asclepios Soter at Pergamon, Turkey

The Greenwich Royal Naval The Greenwich Royal Naval

Spiritual Campus: Greek Asklepieion extensive bathing facilities

Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19

TheHospital, Greenwich 1694.Royal Hospital, 1694.Naval Hospital, 1694.

Rest/pit stop/care: Roman Valetudinarium

Civic Enterprises 1865.

Historical Deep Deep Dive 11.08.19 Historical Dive 11.08.19

Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19

Religious Center: Xenodochium

Typical layout

Brunelleschiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Foundling Hospital, Florence, 1491.

Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19

Self treatment: Medicinal based Medicine Men: Healers visiting home

Scientist Wihelm Rontgen and

The Chorlton Union Hospital, the first X Ray, 1895. The Chorlton Union Hospital, 1865. The1865. Chorlton Union Hospital,

Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19

Care was initially delivered via religious institutions, and as extensions of charitable and welfare services for those in â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;needâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Advances in science and technology caused a shift in the delivery of care - propagating the spread of hospitals as technological institutions. This now as we know is breaking down further in scale in the form of retail clinics, mobile health, tele-medicine that will bring social isolation among people. My thesis aims to focus on this spectrum of innovations operating across scales - from the home to the scale of the city.

e Hospitals

The Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, NY, 1930.

Special Care Units Cornell Medical Center, NY, 1933.

High Rise Hospitals

city

spitals

Physician Clinics

Retail Clinics

Retail Early 2000s

Clinics

Mobile Health Clinics, Vans mHealth Systems Telemedicine Robots

neighborhood

home

Taxis bringing clients to medical facilities

Retail Clinics Early 2000s

What will this fragmented

healthcare system look What will this fragmented healthcare system look healthcare system look like in the future? like in the future? like in the future?

What will this fragmented

Pharmacies, grocery stores, Walmart, Target..

Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19

Telemedicine

Pharmacies, grocery stores, Walmart, Target.. Telemedicine

Mobile Clinics on demand

Medical Robots

Centralized care

providing quality of care investment in equipment creating the right spatial conditions

De-centralized care

accessibility: physical, financial expensive to build

lack of client confidentiality constraints in holding larger capacities failed tracking of clients

Mobile, humancentric care

The diagram here highlights a feedback loop in the healthcare system where the shortcomings of the centralized care became the drivers for the decentralized care system. Today, the kind of decentralized care services as we see today, struggle to tackle some key issues concerning an individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experience of being cared for. These issues include lack of client confidentiality, failed tracking of clients and spatial constraints in holding large capacities. My thesis recognizes current trends towards autonomous technology and tele-medicine to create opportunities for user-centric decentralized care.

Detroit symbolizes conditions of spatial mismatch where communities are disconnected from basic resources and destinations like jobs, care centers, super markets, in most cases based on racial and economic segregation. The map here shows the regionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in the city that have almost no access to primary care services. Most of the care centers are located in the urban areas making transportation to these centers a concern for communities that donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have easy access. Infant mortality and early childcare have proven to be are one of the most alarming concerns in these regions. Lack of access to healthy food, social isolation, poor physical environments brings in opportunities for me to provide better care facilities but also give more agency to these communities to engage in preventive care lifestyles.

Lacks: food, nutrition, mental and physical health

family leadership and support

professional development and career pathways

32 12 Detroit

Michigan

early learning and development

5.9 US

Maternal Mortality Comparison

physical environment The Early Childhood System

MEDICAL UNIT LEVEL 2

MEDICAL UNIT FLOOR 2 Elevator / Staircase lobby Storage Common seating Informal work tables

2 3

Zero Space by Igarashi Design Studio, Tokyo

MEDICAL UNIT LEVEL 1

Modular seating by ShEMOI DESiGNS

1 2 3 4

MEDICAL UNIT FLOOR 1 1 2 3 4

Elevator / Staircase lobby Digital check-in / self care stations 3 Private Consultation pods 3 Exam Rooms

MEDICAL UN LEVEL 2

The Minimum Viable Product design guidelines were followed in order to achieve maximum efficiency of space inside the units. The first floor of the unit includes three spaces designed primarily for the delivery of care. These spaces include self care kiosks , private examination rooms, and insulated, sound proof, teleconsultation pods. The upper floor of the medical unit is designed to function as a multi-use space, allowing visitors to lounge and participate in a variety of indoor community activities.

The external ramp seen here is attached to the unit, once it has established its position on site. The examination rooms provide a bed space and a sink along with space for consultation. These rooms allow medical assistants to have in person consultation with clients. The sound-proof pods on the other hand, allow visitors, mothers in this case, to have private conversations with medical experts located offsite through a video conferencing setup. These pods are large enough to comfortably seat a mother and her child. The encasing of the tyres on the interior of the unit helps create space for work counters, sinks and seating. The second floor of the unit is a flex space for community workshops and small gatherings. The reconfigurable furniture allows for hosting a variety of interactive learning sessions for children and others.

PPORT UNIT

3 5

1 4

SUPPORT UNIT FLOOR 2 1 2 3 4 5

Public toilet Physician team room Pantry Closet area Supplies / outdoor furniture storage

The unit is 25’ wide and 40’ feet long. The size was derived by evaluating the amount of space required for comfortable occupation inside the mobile unit as well as by examining the design of a range of Detroit’s future streets.

50 seater bus

The Support Unit primarily caters to the medical staff and provides spaces for taking a break, having lunch and for holding team briefings. It also provides a pantry and a closet space for personal storage. It also provides restrooms designed to meet ADA specifications for the general public and the staff. Additionally, one third of the space is allocated for storage for outdoor furniture, medical supplies, as required.

The proposal seen here is a configuration of two medical and one support unit on site. The placement has been done considering a couple of site strategies such as maintaining pedestrian accesses, possible connection with the existing building and space around. The outside spaces can be transformed into large, shaded community gathering zones for various events and activities. These can be installed easily on site as the shading structures are imagined to be equipped in the unit and only require assistance anchoring on ground. The units on site attempt to bring in opportunities to create safe and inspiring play spaces for

children, host health-related pop-ups by local health organizations, designate stations to learn about new health trends and provide resources for health routines and experts. School buildings remain heavily underused especially during the night time and holidays and so I can imagine schools willing to extend some of their indoor facilities such as bathrooms, open classrooms at the time of medical emergencies. The outdoor spaces with community offerings seen in the views here are means of place-making strategies that help elevate healthy lifestyles through safe and inspiring architectural environments.

small retail for groceries, medicines

semi private seating options art therapy alley

teaching lounge for kids

community health workshops

The configuration here is a set of four medical and two support units on site. The medical units have been strategically placed to bring in users into the unit as well as create smaller alleys and courtyardlike gathering spaces. The support units on the further right help create a spatial buffer to contain the activity. The units bring an opportunity to set up a quiet outdoor reading garden to the park. The shading structures are extended over existing walking paths, picnic tables and exercise stations to provide shade during the summer

providing shade over exercise stations

months. Visitors can participate in yoga sessions, participate in community bbqs and engage in healthy living activities offered. They can loiter in the nature-infused courtyards for quiet activities, including semi-private seating options that encourage them to share and self-reflect. They can read curated health and wellness books, listen to podcasts and more. The storage spaces once emptied can be repurposed into book pickup and drop off stations.

reading garden

book check out and return station

providing shade over existing picnic tables

reading garden with semi private seating for informal conversations

Visitor check-in station with access to amenities as they wait for their turn

CRITICAL DISPERSIONS A New City Hall for Lansing; a distributed construct TCAUP Institutions Studio Instructors: Gabriel Cuellar Partner: Karun Chughasrani Fall 2018 In an attempt to understand and trigger the latent dispositional power in architecture, this project questions the idea of centrality and monumentality in the design of future civic buildings. The New City Hall for Lansing is decentralised and supplemented with a boost of inherently public events and activities. The proposed events allow the public at large to edit and appropriate spaces in this new city hall construct, creating a new sense of public occupancy. This admixture of adverse uses helps develop a new public identity for civic buildings in Lansing, one which allows them to become unifying elements in the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s otherwise broken and fragmented urban fabric. The project attempts at contesting hegemonies by moving away from the static object-based framing of spaces to creating a more dynamic spatio-temporal field condition.

CommercialE Lansing Economic Development Corporation

Suburban Transformation Corridors Form Based Code

Corridor Improvement Authorities

Suburban Transformation Corridors

Urban Transformation Corridors

Community scaled Mixed-use cores

Design Lansing Plan

Lansing Planning Board

Neighborhood scaled Mixed-use cores

Lansing Economic Area Partnership

Recreation

Customary

Temporal Events IPP

Urban Fabric

Public Participation

ducational

Base Program

City Hall

Co-authored activities

Co-edited spaces

art attacks / studios / galleries / markets / community kitchens / farming / gardening / bike sharing / repairing / gym / yoga / skating /

PlacemakingS

tewardship

physical activities / performances / open mics / makerspaces / co-working / book sharing /

CURRENT SCENARIO

TRIGGERED SCENARIO

CURRENT SCENARIO CURRENT SCENARIO

TRIGGERED SCENARIO TRIGGERED SCENARIO

The State Capitol and the City Hall with overlapping zones of influence. The State Capitol and the City Hall with overlapping zones of influence.

Distributing the City Hall to amplify its zone of influence over larger parts of the city. Combining City Hall programs with inherently public events to attempt at placemaking through participation. Distributing the City Hall to amplify itspublic zone of influence over larger

We understood that interaction between people, requirement of access to certain physical locations and ability to perform with scale returns are dominant features which allow inherent publicness to emerge out of an otherwise unorganized commons. We used these protocols to help embed our project within this nuanced phase change from unorganized to coorganized. We attempted to introduce co-authored activities/events that have the ability to mutate and edit in space and time.

parts of the city. Combining City Hall programs with inherently public events to attempt at placemaking through public participation.

City-parcel-building

Fragmentation of the building

Creating field conditions

City-parcel-building city-parcel-building

Fragmentation of theof building fragmentation the building

Creating field field conditions creating conditions

Connect

The project produces a shift from a central monumental city hall as a symbol of the public to a distributed city hall apparatus which allows publics to emerge and sustain. For this, the proximity exigencies, roles and responsibilities of each city hall department as well as their level of interaction with the public at large were understood to form clusters of city hall programs.

Council Chamber

City Council

Skating Protests

Public at Large

LEPFA Performances Public at Large

Workshops

Urban Park

Pop-ups Festivals

Department of Finance

Gallery spaces Open Mics

City Clerk LPRC

We understood that interaction between people, requirement of access to certain physical locations and ability to perform with scale returns are dominant features that allow inherent publicness to emerge out of an otherwise unorganized commons. We used these protocols to help embed our project within nuanced phase changes from unorganized to co-organized. We introduced co-authored activities/events that have the ability to mutate and edit in space and time. An overlap of dedicated city hall programs and pre-supposed events attempts to bring together the public at large and other authoritative agencies and boards to a creation of fixed and ambiguous spaces rooted in the idea of stewardship and place based practices.

Bicycle Docks Human Resources

Mayor & Executive

MEDC

E. MICHIGAN AVE Health Center

Watersports

Community Gardening Public Services IT Department Makerspaces

Urban Park Community Kitchens

Schools

Open Gym

Public at Large

Planning Development

Studios

W. WILLOW ST CAMW

Police Department

Citizen Assisstance Human Relations Community Services

Public at Large Community Farms

Temporal Markets CRML Urban Park

Jail/ Booking

Mobile Food Pantry

Library

District Courts

Outreach

City Attorney

Workshops

MEDC

S. CEDAR ST

FIRST FLOOR PLAN E. MICHIGAN AVE

The first site on E. Michigan Ave is one of the main entry exit gateways to the city of Lansing and leads up to the state capitol building. East of the river, in the downtown urban core there exists a certain tightness to the urban fabric, one that is even perceived at the human scale even while walking on the sidewalks. On the west side of the river, in spite of there being prominent public programs such a baseball stadium, a science center, a museum and the Lansing Center within good proximity the experience at the street level lacks character. We have deployed the city hall clusters containing the Civic Authorities and the Departments of Finance and Human Resources.

THIRD FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN W. WILLOW STREET

On this site, the city hall clusters contain the Public Services, Planning and IT departments. We arranged the city hall programs around a community garden to which public programs such as a makerspace, kindergarten, community kitchen and an open gym feed into. These public programs come out the immediate contextual setting. This assembly also helps better connect the surrounding residents with the river.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN S. CEDAR STREET

On this site, the city hall clusters contain the District courts and City Attorneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office, the jail and the Police Department and the Department of Community Services. A series of urban farms and courtyards interspersed between city hall programs and public programs create a unifying environment. The library is a common program that appears in the district courts, the city attorneyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s office and the police department in the current city hall arrangement.

THE EASTERN BASKET A Market + Housing Collective TCAUP Systems Studio Instructors: Lars Gräbner + Christina Hansen Team: Kum Wai Victoria See + Christopher Humphrey Fall 2019 This project recognizes the significant role that the Eastern Market has played in establishing communities of varying timescales to the neighborhood. The Eastern Basket thus seeks to retain and provide for the existing market workforce through the provision of a variety of housing options. Launch spaces and multipurpose spaces for community engagement are also situated on the ground floor of the development to encourage interaction between the market workforce, the residents and the market’s loyal customers. Through these thresholds of communal spaces, The Eastern Basket hopes to live up to its name - a vessel for the Eastern Market’s treasured past and a hold-all that gathers all who come to it.

At an urban scale, the form of The Eastern Basket locks into the existing urban grid and axial circulation flows that have enabled the market to operate as both a wholesale and retail market. By co-opting these axial flows for the weekend market circulation between Shed 3 and 5, as well as to lead up to the semi-private courtyard, the design introduces new meaning to them in relation to its new residents. The project is also cognizant of the urban grain and proportions of the warehouses surrounding the site in the introduction of the building mass and the interstitial spaces between them. At a more experiential level, re-purposed brick is used as the primary facade material to preserve and enhance the materiality of the site.

GU RE

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TYPE I - STUDIO TYPE I - STUDIO TYPE I - STUDIO SQFT 400 SQFT 400 400 SQFT

)- 'y\y1-· II - 1 BEDROOM TYPE II - 1 TYPE BEDROOM REGULAR REGULAR TYPE II800 - 1 SQFT BEDROOM REGULAR 800 SQFT 800 SQFT

-E

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D TU -S E I QFT P TY 0 S 40

O DR

BE -2 IV FT E P Q TY 0 S 155 TYPE I - STUDIO 400 SQFT

O DR

E 2B II E I QFT P TY 50 S 10

TYPE II - 1 BEDROOM REG 800 SQFT

I I

I I I I I

I I

•

I I

I I I I I

I I

• I I

I I I I I

•

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Ill - 2 BEDROOM TYPE Ill - 2TYPE BEDROOM HIGH-END HIGH-END - 2 SQFT BEDROOM HIGH-END 1050 1050 TYPE SQFT Ill 1050 SQFT

TYPE Ill - 2 BEDROOM HIGH-END 1050 SQFT

I I I I I

•

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IV - 2 BEDROOM CONDO TYPE IV - 2TYPE BEDROOM CONDO TYPE1550 IV - 2SQFT BEDROOM CONDO 1550 SQFT 1550 SQFT

TYPE IV - 2 BEDROOM CO 1550 SQFT

A housing typology gradient is introduced across the site to encourage residents of different typologies to interact with communal spaces strategically situated where building masses intersect. Winter gardens, bars, function room spaces, seating areas and balconies at these communal space celebrate the act of communing and attract residents to the space.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 36

The North and South-facing windows are differentiated in the amount of sharing provided. The former are articulated with White Anodized Steel Frame and Glass while the latter is detailed with corten steel frames protruding out of the brick facade. This allows as much sunlight to be brought into the space on the North mediate between the harsh afternoon sunlight from the South. Double height fixed windows also illuminate the common spaces of the co-living units to make these slightly deeper units more convivial. Double Laminated Insulating Glass was selected to ensure that the space within is well insulated given Michiganâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cold winters. To tie into the context of the site, corten steel is used to demonstrate the history of the site as a working market. The patina of the material overtime will helps ensure that the project assimilates more into the site over time.

SECTION A

SECTION B 39

TRANSGRESSING DICHOTOMIES Blurring boundaries between the Carceral State and society TCAUP Propositions Studio Instructors: Michael Murphy + Jeffrey Mansfield (MASS Design Group) Winter 2019

The Queensboro Facility in Long Island City, New York, is yet another assemblage of highly controlled spaces arranged and organized purely for the purpose of, not just maintaining a hegemonic power structure, but also establishing control over the behaviour and movement of the inmates. Suggesting a more humane response to this situation, my project attempts to blur these impenetrable and unyielding spatial and ideological boundaries. The project aims to do so by focusing on the idea of programming, the architectural form and the facade as means of envisioning this softening approach.

TRANSGRESSING TRANSGRESSINGDICHOTOMIES DICHOTOMIES Blurring Blurringboundaries boundariesbetween betweenthe thecarceral carceralspace spaceand andthe thesociety society OnOn visiting visiting thethe Queensboro Queensboro Facility, Facility, I sensed I sensed how how it appropriately it appropriately represented represented thethe spatial spatial construct construct of of thethe typical typical correctional correctional facility facility in the in the USUS incarceration incarceration system. system. It was It was yetyet another another assemblage assemblage of highly of highly controlled controlled spaces, spaces, thatthat were were arranged arranged andand organized organized purely purely for for thethe purpose purpose of, of, notnot justjust maintaining maintaining a a hegemonic hegemonic power power structure, structure, butbut also also establishing establishing control control over over thethe behavior behavior andand movement movement of of thethe inmates. inmates. Suggesting Suggesting a more a more humane humane response response to to thisthis situation, situation, mymy project project attempts attempts to to blurblur these these impenetrable impenetrable andand unyielding unyielding spatial spatial andand ideological ideological boundaries. boundaries.

TheThe project project aims aims to to dodo so so by by focusing focusing on on thethe idea idea of of programming, programming, thethe architectural architectural form form an facade facade as as means means of envisioning of envisioning thisthis softening softening approach. approach. MyMy proposal proposal is guided is guided by by thethe understa unders thatthat a correctional a correctional facility facility at the at the very very endend of of a person’s a person’s incarcerated incarcerated lifelife hashas thethe potential potential to to intim in influence influence one’s one’s outlook outlook andand future future trajectory. trajectory. Such Such a construct a construct must must re-instill re-instill hope hope as as wellwell as as as of belonging. of belonging. It must It must afford afford an an inmate, inmate, coming coming from from an an extremely extremely regimented, regimented, controlled controlled andand exte e mandated mandated method method of living, of living, a more a more natural natural andand justjust transition transition intointo thethe freefree world. world. self self study study

watch watch movies movies game game nightnight

Students Students fromfrom other other academic academic institutions institutions

s te ps toeupt o ut

leisulereisure

s te ps toeupt o ut

leisulereisure

Employers Employers

worw k/osrtku/dsytudy e at e at sleesple+ebpa+thb+artehs+trest

Guest speakers Guest speakers

Existing Existing / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 1 1

worw k/osrtku/dsytudy attend attend self-development self-development class class

sleesple+ebpa+thb+artehs+trest

Projected Projected / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 1 1

Training volunteers Training volunteers

Family Family

e at e at

group group discussions discussions critical critical thinking thinking activities activities ‘career ‘career fair’ fair’

Neighborhood community Neighborhood community

Organisations/Universities Organisations/Universities

tech/electrical tech/electrical workshops workshops art workshops art workshops urban urban farming farming

yogayoga walkwalk in the in yard the yard gymgym gardening gardening

workwork release release hours hours visit visit family family attend attend classes classes outside outside

Existing Existing / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 2 2

Projected Projected / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 2 2

entrance checkpoint 2307 sq ft entrance checkpoint 2307 sq ft

dining hall 2590 dining hall 2590

community space 1173 community space 1173 multipurpose room 1250 multipurpose room 1250

lecture room 7500 lecture room 7500

yard 6630 yard 6630

gym 5615 gym 5615

commissary 1210 commissary 1210 community health services community health services

parole office 370 parole office 370 facility offices 2285 facility offices 2285

visitor locker room 230 visitor locker room restriction230 room 170 restriction room 170 visitor processing 240 sq ft visitor processing 240 sq ft

staff shower area 370 staff shower area 370 staff gym 680 staff gym 680

day room

tv room

guard’s room

sleeping+study space

staff housing 2145 staff housing 2145

tv room

guidance work space guidance 760 work space 760

The day in the life diagram, existing program analysis helped see typical current scenarios where the residents spent most of their time on their designated beds or in the day room and how that cycle can be broken with programming that encourages working closely with different significant agencies such as the families of the residents, local colleges and organizations, prospective employers, neighborhood community, to reach far beyond in trying to ease the transitioning process for the residents. The spatial reconfiguration diagram on the Private Private left helped reconfigure a seamless way to Existing Existing program program analysis analysisintensify interactions and enhance further showing showing a bandthwidth a bandthwidth levels levels of public-private of public-private and and formal-informal formal-informal interactions interactions and and scale scale the performance of the facility as a whole.

ORC office space ORC consultation office space consultation

A TYPICAL DAY IN THE LIFE ANALYSIS

Public Public

Fifth + Fifth Sixth+floors Sixth floors

bedbed space space study study space space

tv rooms tv rooms

tv room tv room

community community space space

guard’s guard’s room room

residential residential units units

shower shower + toilet + toilet

‘tele’ ‘tele’ room room

Fourth Fourth floor floor

commissary commissary

gymgym

parole parole office office office office space space

community community health health services consultation consultation space spaceservices office office space space

consultation consultation space space telecom telecom room room

resident resident

training training room room lecture lecture room room staffstaff gymgym

group group study study spaces spaces individual individual study study spaces spaces

staffstaff units units

counsellors counsellors classrooms classrooms

health health services services office office space space ORC ORC

‘career fair’

Family

Neighborhood community Neighborhood community

Organisations/Universities Organisations/Universities tech/electrical workshops art workshops tech/electrical workshops urban farming art workshops

yoga walk in the yard yoga gym walk in the yard gardening gym

urban farming

gardening

work release hours visit family work release hours attend classesvisit outside family attend classes outside

Existing / Typical day timeline: Case 2 Existing / Typical day timeline: Case 2

entrance checkpoint sq ft entrance 2307 checkpoint 2307 sq ft

dining hall dining hall 2590 2590

community space community space 1173 1173 multipurpose room multipurpose1250 room 1250

gym gym 5615 5615

yard yard 6630 6630

lecture lectureroom room 7500 7500

commissary commissary 1210 1210 community health communityservices health services

parole office 370 parole office 370

visitor processing 240 sq ft visitor processing 240 sq ft

facility offices 2285 facility offices 2285

170

ORC

visitor locker room 230 visitor locker room 230 restriction room 170 restriction room

guidance work space guidance760 work space 760 staff shower area 370 staff shower area 370 staff gym 680 staff gym 680

day room

tv room

tv room guard’s room

guard’s room

sleeping+study space

staff housing 2145

staff housing 2145 sleeping+study space

officeORC space consultation office space consultation

Projected / Typical day timeline: Case 2 Projected / Typical day timeline: Case 2

Public Public

Private Private

Existing program analysis Existing program analysis EXISTING PROGRAM

ANALYSIS

a bandthwidth levels of public-private and formal-informal interactions and scale showingshowing a bandthwidth levels of public-private and formal-informal interactions and scale

Sixth floors Fifth +Fifth Sixth+ floors

space bedbed space study space study space tv room tv room guard’s room guard’s room shower + toilet shower + toilet

residential units units residential

‘tele’ room ‘tele’ room

Fourth floor Fourth floor

resident resident

officer/guards officer/guards

general staff general staff

family members

program volunteers

commissary commissary parole office parole office office space office space consultation space consultation space office space office space consultation space consultation space telecom room telecom room training room training room lecture room lecture staffroom gym staffstaff gymshower area staffwork shower area space work space pantry

Establishing user-space analysis

EXISTING USER-SPACE ANALYSIS

gym gym community health community services health services

group groupstudy studyspaces spaces individual study spaces individual study spaces

staff units staff units

counsellors counsellors classrooms classrooms

health services health office services space office space ORC ORCspace office office space consultation consultation

multipurpose room multipurpose room classrooms classrooms

guidance room pantry storage/locker room guidance room storage/locker staff housingroom

Thirdhousing floor staff lecture room group study rooms lecture room lab computer group study multipurpose room rooms computer lab communityroom space multipurpose

library library

dining hall dining hall

Third floor

visitation space visitation space

kitchen

community space

farm farm

Second floor

barber shop

Second floor

fire safety barber shop office fire facility safety offices office restriction facility offices room

restriction room First floor entrance checkpoint

First floor

Establishing user-space analysis

tvtvrooms rooms community communityspace space

visitor processing entrance checkpoint visitor locker room visitor processing kitchen visitor locker room service area kitchen dining hall service area gym dining hall yard gym music room yard

music room

facility offices commissary

facility offices

commissary

basketball court/community hall basketball court/community hall

yard

amphitheatre

yard

amphitheatre

workshops

Programming diagram

PROGRAMMING DIAGRAM

47th AVENUE

4 3

4 4 4 4

4 7

Service entrance

Processing area

Main entrance lobby/waiting

Office

Goods entrance

Storage

Paperwork office

Lobby

Workshop

VAN DAM ST

9 10

10. Amphitheater

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

1 Service entrance 2 Processing area 3 Main entrance lobby / waiting 4 Office 5 Goods entrace 6 Storage 7 Paperwork office 8 Lobby 9 Workshop 10 Amphitheatre

FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 16’’ = 1’

existing structure Existing facility Existing facility Existing facility

Vertical stacking programs Vertical stacking of of programs Vertical stacking of programs

new vs. old Proposed form modification Proposed form modification Proposed form modification

placing cut outs Blurring ofform form Blurring Blurring ofofform 11 StepStep 1Step

28 28

28 31

Individual computer computer workstations workstations 28 Individual

Group Lounge Lounge 29 study/work 29 space

Individual study/work study/work space space 30 Individual

SIXTH FLOOR PLAN FIFTH FLOOR FLOOR PLANPLAN SCALE 1 / FIFTH 32’’ = 1’ SCALE SCALE 1 / 32’’ 1 /=32’’ 1’ = 1’

Group Group study/work space space 31 study/work

ROOF PLAN SIXTH FLOOR PLANPLAN SCALE 1SIXTH / 32’’ = 1’ FLOOR SCALE SCALE 1 / 32’’ 1 /=32’’ 1’ = 1’

ROOFROOF PLANPLAN SCALE SCALE 1 / 32’’ 1 /=32’’ 1’ = 1’

13 25

11 12

17 27

18 19 11

Commons

Commissary

Storage room

Kitchen

Dining

Outdoor dining

Library

Multipurpose room

Visitation room

Basketball court/community hall

SECOND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 32’’ = 1’

Existing facility Existing Existing facility facility

Vertical stacking of programs Vertical Vertical stacking stacking ofofprograms programs

making cut outs more visible from outside Blurring of form Blurring Blurring ofofform form Step Step2Step 2 2

Multipurpose/workshop room

Learning spaces

Counselling offices

Terrace farms

THIRD FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 32’’ = 1’

Proposed form modification Proposed Proposed form form modification modification

activating internal circulation Internal circulation Internal Internal circulation circulation

Gym

Ind

Entertainment rooms

Guard room

Ind

FOURTH FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 32’ = 1’

FIFTH SCAL

Blurring of form Blurring Blurring ofofform form Step Step1Step 1 1

facade articulation Facade, accessibility and visibility Facade, Facade, accessibility accessibility and and visibility visibility system Open OpenOpen system system

My proposal is guided by the understanding that a correctional facility at the very end of a person’s incarcerated life has the potential to intimately influence one’s outlook and future trajectory. Such a construct must re-instill hope as well as a sense of belonging. It must afford an incarcerated person, coming from an extremely regimented, controlled and SECTION B externally mandated method of living, a more SCALE 1 / 16’’ = 1’ natural and just transition into the free world.

roof top gardens semi-private courtyard

sunk open workshop

TION A LE 1 / 16’’ = 1’

roof top gardens indoor community hall

family visitation workshop

THE EARLY DETENTION In an atmosphere of World War II hysteria, President Roosevelt, encouraged by officials at all levels of the federal government, authorized the internment of tens of thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry and resident aliens from Japan. Rooseveltâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Executive Order 9066, dated February 19, 1942, gave the military broad powers to ban any citizen from a fifty- to sixty-mile-wide coastal area stretching from Washington state to California and extending inland into southern Arizona. The order also authorized transporting these citizens to assembly centers hastily set up and governed by the military in California, Arizona, Washington state, and Oregon. Although it is not well known, the same executive order (and other war-time orders and restrictions) were also applied to smaller numbers of residents of the United States who were of Italian or German descent. For example, 3,200 resident aliens of Italian background were arrested and more than 300 of them were interned. About 11,000 German residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;including some naturalized citizensâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;were arrested and more than 5000 were interned. Yet while these individuals (and others from those groups) suffered grievous violations of their civil liberties, the war-time measures applied to Japanese Americans were worse and more sweeping, uprooting entire communities and targeting citizens as well as resident aliens.

Executive Order 9066: Ten weeks after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the order authorized the Army to evacuate any persons they considered a threat to national security. As a result, over 120,000 Japanese Americans were forced to relocate to one of ten different internment camps around the United States.

Architecture of Prisons Summer Internship 2019 MASS Design Group, Boston Research and Design Intern Team: Jeffrey Mansfield (Design Director) Kemper Fagan, Danielle Koplitz (Summer Interns) â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is no more obvious an example of a space shaping behavior than in the architecture of prisons.â&#x20AC;? The work over the summer began by creating a massive database of over 1800 state and federal prison facilities, which included information on the year it was built, location, site and unit typologies, overall site area, capacity versus current number of residents, their spatial qualities, the name of the architect and so on. The publication aims to highlight stories, facts and themes around the issue of mass incarceration in America, a topic less considered as an object of study. Through foundational historical essays, case studies, photo essays, guest contributions, and conversations, the book seeks to unpack the prison as a social construct, as well as attempts to develop the vocabulary required to address architectural injustice.

THE ROAD FROM SLAVERY - PRISONS- CAPITALISM

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1871 cpty: 1165/2947

1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

Prison labor very clearly shows its resemblance to the practise of slavery in the United States. Even with the early abolishment of slavery in the country, private agencies began to hire convicts as a form of punishment in order to make up for the loss of slave workers. It is often justified as a way to rehabilitate but often revolves around the idea of reducing production/labor costs for the NTS NTS 1833-1857 Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison government and private sector. 1833-1857 cpty: cpty: Alton, Alton, IL IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

offenders earn market wages in private sector jobs

Prisoner labor union strikes 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL Chain

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

1978 1978

cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881 gangscpty:

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

certifies that the prison industry program meets necessary reqirements to be exempt from federal restrictions on prison made goods in interstate commerce

Convict leasing system which banned slavery and involuntary servitude “except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.”

International slavery was abolished increased the demand for locally traded slaves. The South hired more number of slaves to manage their surplus cotton production in the region 1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1937 cpty: 351

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1800

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ transportation of prison-made 1980 1980 East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: legalized 1318/1470 1318/1470 East East Moline, Moline, IL IL across state lines goods

formation of the Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP)

a group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment

Federal Prison Industries (UNICOR) was setup

Reconstruction Era 1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1850

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

Industrial Revolution I

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

Prison boom

that allowed manufacturing of goods for the government 1”=500’ 1”=500’

1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

1900

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

1950

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

2000

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019

Industrial Revolution II

drove industrialization/manufacturing in the Northeast

Civil War

(from 1765)

American Revolution

The Thirteenth Amendment of the US Constitution

marks the period when the Europeans first colonised the North American continent and introduced international slavery as a means to get rid of shortage of labor 1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1972 cpty: 237/248

1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

cpty:

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL

1985 1724/1864

1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740

it banned slavery and involuntary servitude “except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.” This led to building of more prisons and leasing prisoners to labor-hungry capitalists 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL

The New Deal

Immigration Reform and Control Act

a series of programs instituted during the Great Depression that aimed to restore prosperity, stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those suffering

laws that favored racial profiling and zero tolerance, introduced the decrease in farm workers who feared deportation and discrimination (farmworkers from Mexico that made up 70% of the nation’s agricultural workforce)

Hawes-Cooper Act 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ out of 1984 the competition between the 1984 Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional stemmed Center Center Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628 Vienna, Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL IL IL prison industry and theVienna, free market. It prohibit-

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Danville, Danville, IL IL

1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864

ed sale of any goods made in prisons of another state

Ashurst-Sumners Act

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

Themes in Incarceration

mandated the labeling of prison-made goods. It prohibited the ransportation of prison products to any state in violation of the laws of the state

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

“Sing Sing and Ossining: Prison and Village.” Paved with Good Intentions: Origins of the New York Penitentiary, December 8, 2016. https://nyprisonorigins. com/dan/sing-sing-and-ossining-prison-andvillage/. “Folsom State Prison Quarry Work.” Calisphere. Sacramento Public Library. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://calisphere.org/item/ e02325d8efd9b3362b0169482c21199c/.

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

Browne, Jaron, and Jaron Browne. “Rooted in Slavery: Prison Labor Exploitation.” Rooted in Slavery: Prison Labor Exploitation | Reimagine! Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.reimaginerpe.org/node/856.

Maine State Prison, Thomaston Prison Quarry: The prison opened in 1824 and was a series of 60 feet holes dug in the ground, with a 3 feet square aperture that were covered with iron grates. The residents were made to labor int he stone quarry on the prison property.

1909

“Sutori.” Sutori. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.sutori.com/story/ history-of-florida-prison-labor-ef8bmkxf5oJ6RXCTu5Eva963. Goyanes, Rob. “The Secret History of Florida Prison Labor.” The New Tropic, January 6, 2016. https://thenewtropic.com/prison-laborflorida/.

1910

1”=1000’ Ohio Penitentiary Columbus, OH

1818/1834 cpty: 5235

1”=1000’ Southeastern Correctional Institution Lancaster, OH

1856/1990 cpty: 1593

1”=1000’ Ohio State Reformatory Mansfield, OH

1896 cpty: XXXX

1”=1000’ Pickaway Correctional Institution Orient, OH

1984 cpty: 2088

1”=1000’ Allen Correctional Institution Lima, OH

1987 cpty: 1645

1”=1500’ Correctional Reception Center Orient, OH

Nevada State Prison: The west side of the prison consists of a NTS NTS 1833-1857 1833-1857 Illinois Illinois State Prison Prison sheer wall thatState marks the boundary of the cpty: cpty: Alton, Alton, IL IL sandstone quarry on the property. In 1860, the construction of the State’s Capitol employed all available prison labor to extract stone from the quarry.

1987 cpty: 1500

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL

1904 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center 1912 Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470

1912 1910

1912

1905

1911

1912

Rail works scene in Western North Carolina

1908

1912 1”=1000’ Orient Correctional Institution Orient, OH

1902 cpty: 1724

1”=1000’ London Correctional Institution London, OH

1912 cpty: 2500

1”=1000’ Lima (Oakwood) Correctional Institution Lima, OH

1915 XXXX

1”=1000’ Dayton Correctional Institution Dayton, OH

1987 cpty: 938

1”=1500’ Madison Correctional Institute London, OH

1”=1500’ 1987 Ross Correctional Institution cpty: 2258 Chillicothe, OH

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1987 cpty: 2037

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429

1825: The location of Sing Sing in New York state was deliberately chosen due to its locale, being constructed directly in the middle of an existing large marble quarry

1916 cpty: 2011

1”=1500’ Chillicothe Correctional Institution Chillicothe, OH

1917 cpty: 2950

1”=1500’ Marion Correctional Institution Marion, OH

1954 cpty: 2623

1”=1000’ Grafton Correctional Institution Grafton, OH

1988 cpty: 2074

1”=500’ Northeast Reintegration Center (Women) Cleveland, OH

1988 cpty: 590

1”=1000’ Warren Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL

1989 cpty: 1328

1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019

1917: State Convict Road Force, also known as ‘chain gangs’

San Quentin State Prison: The Califronian laws did not permit state

1”=1000’ Ohio Reformatory for Women Marysville, OH

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

In North Carolina, under the convict leasing system, many residents worked in rock quarries,

convicts to labor on roads, except within six1”=500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=500’ 1965 1965 Peoria Vienna Vienna Correctional Center Centerprison Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center miles Correctional of San Quentin cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963 Peoria, Vienna, Vienna, IL IL Peoria, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ built state’s roads and railways. A system of 1984 1984 Shawnee 1984 1984 Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center mobile camps from cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Vienna, Vienna,were IL IL developed that moved

worksite to worksite

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Danville, Danville, IL IL

1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864

construction

1960 cpty: 2465

1”=1500’ Southern Ohio Correctional Facility Lucasville, OH

1973 cpty: 1330

1”=1000’ Hocking Correctional Facility Ward, OH

1982 cpty: 481

1”=1000’ Lorain Correctional Institution Grafton, OH

1990 cpty: 1089

1”=1500’ Mansfield Correctional Institution Mansfield, OH

1”=1000’ 1990 Collins Correctional Facility cpty: 2523 Collins, NY

1982 cpty: 1700

Themes in Incarceration

1900: This image shows several inmates at work in one of Folsom Prison’s lower yard quarry. The State of California was a pioneer in the use of convict labor for profit, selling crushed rock to the public for a low price

1”=1000’ Lebanon Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH

extraction

Reconstruction Era

1850

1900

Industrial Revolution I 1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

The Southeast United States: The mild subtropical climate, plentiful rainfall, fertile soils allowed the flourishing of large plantations, where large numbers of enslaved Africans were held captive as slave labor and forced to farm

Convict leasing system

The states (years unknown for some) that began heavily investing in prison labor for building roadways within state and highways that run inter-

1800

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

Chain gangs

Land development

1950

2000

Industrial Revolution II 1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Civil War Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL

The Thirteenth Amendment of the US Constitution

IMMIGRATION LAWS AND THE FOOD INDUSTRY

Initiative, Prison Policy. “How Much Do Incarcerated People Earn in Each State?” Prison Policy Initiative. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.prisonpolicy. org/blog/2017/04/10/wages/.

IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT States that faced shortage in the supply of migrant workers as a result of the anti-immigrant policies Glossbrenner Unit

1994 cpty: 612

Gist Unit

1994 cpty: 2276

Allred Unit

1995 cpty: 3722

Johnston Unit

1995 cpty: 612

Connally Unit

1995 cpty: 2148

Halbert Unit

1995 cpty: 612

NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL

1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470

Out of the 1.2 million workers employed by the agricultural industry, 70% are undocumented

Diboli Unit

1995 cpty: 518

Bradshaw Unit

1995 cpty: 1980

Cole Unit

1995 cpty: 900

Dominguez Unit

1995 cpty: 2276

Hutchins Unit

cpty:

1995 2276

Lindsey Unit

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1995 cpty: 1031

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

An excerpt from the 1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Immigration Reform Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

and Control At, 1986 highlighting the section that prohibits the recruitment of unauthorized aliens

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

EEOC Home Page. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/ thelaw/irca.html.

1995 cpty: 1224

Dalhart Unit

1995 cpty: 1398

Willacy County Unit

1995 cpty: 1069

Plane/Santa Maria Baby Bonding Unit

1995 cpty 2276:

Formby Unit

1995 cpty: 1100

Wheeler Unit

cpty:

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL

1995 576

1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248

1995 cpty: 2872

Moore, B Unit

1995 cpty: 500

Segovia Unit

1995 cpty: 1224

LeBlanc Unit

1995 cpty 1224

Murray Unit

1995 cpty: 1341

By year

Themes in Incarceration

Telford Unit

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1984 1984

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

Migrant agricultural workers kept out of the US by tough immigration laws are now being replaced by prison labor

Abbott, Chuck. “To Meet Farm-Labor Shortages, Idaho Puts Inmates on the Job.” Successful Farming. Successful Farming, October 19, 2017. https://www.agriculture. com/news/to-meet-farm-labor-shortages-idahoputs-inmates-on-the-job.

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

Minimum wage inside

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL

‘tx’

$3-$4/hr

cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019 The food system in the country relies heavily on cheap labor. Historically, agriculture has suppressed wages and denied worker’s protection by employing workers from vulnerable groups, specifically undocumented migrants. These usually consist of workers recruited from Mexico and other parts of Latin America. Following the passing of the Immigration Act in 1986, it diminished the supply of migrant workers leaving the farmers with a loss of labor. States such as Arizona, Idaho, Washington that are heavily invested in growing labor-intensive crops like onions, apples and tomatoes, the prison systems have stepped up and responded to the situation by leasing convicts1”=1000’ to farmers who are in need for cheap 1”=1000’ 1985 1985 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center labor of1682/2151 their farms. Inadequate regulations have cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL posed several challenges for the workers; long hours, repetitive motion injuries, extreme temperatures and humidity levels and exposure to caustic chemicals. The incarcerated population employed on this job are not legally considered to be ‘employees’ which further means that they are excluded from basic protection rights under the National Labor Acts.

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL

Moore, C Unit

1983 1983

$11/hr Minimum wage outside

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

WAVES OF IMMIGRATION HISTORY

Period of Immigration Reform

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1400

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1500

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

1600

1700

Native Americans

1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

1800

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1900

prime focus on “crime and drugs”

“The Reagan Years” detention of hundreds of thousands of undocumented aliens in the case of an unspecified national emergency

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

38,106

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

2000 (now)

1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963

Center Center

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL

The Indian Relocation Act

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’

1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center US-Mexican War CenterMexican cpty: cpty: Revolution 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628

The first law implemented that prevented members of a specific ethnic/national group from immigrating. The law lasted for twenty years

1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA)

an act designed to enforce and improve border controls by imposing penalties for smuggling, creation of fradulent immigrationrelated documents. It also allowed for the deportation of undocumented 1”=500’ 1”=500’ 1972 1972 Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center immigrants cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248 Peoria, Peoria, IL IL

1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963

Oklahoma City bombings

Resisting to extreme poverty and racism, millions of African Americans move to the Indstrial North in search of better economic opportunities

The Great Migration

It authorized for a limited period of time the admission into the United States of 200,000 certain European displaced persons for permanent residence

founded under the administration of George W. Bush, following the events of 9/11 in 2001. principally 1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ responsible for enforcing 1983 1983 Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529 Dixon, Dixon, IL IL strict immigration laws, preventing terrorism and combating illegal movement of people and goods

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284

Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

Japanese American Internment

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

(2018)

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470

seclusion

the country’s orimary border control organization; facilitates collecting import duties, enforcing US regulations, customs, immigration

‘Zero Tolerance’ Policy The Trump administration has separated families at the southwest border hoping harsh treatment would help deter immigration numbers

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019

THE RISE OF IMMIGRATION REFORM

Customs Border Protection (CBP)

The Reagan years (since 1980) brought the “militarization” of the southern border and of immigration enforcement in general. The federal government worked out a “contingency plan” for the “detention of hundreds of thousands of undocumented aliens in the case of an unspecified 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1985 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Centerwho are not1985 Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center national emergency” and of “aliens in cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, IL IL conformity with their immigration status.” Hence, there was a shortage of detention space. The main enforcement strategy of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was heavily influenced by the rhetorical and political focus on crime and drugs. Post the Oklahoma City bombings (1995), The Clinton administration signed into law the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). These laws drastically expanded the categories of crimes for which immigrants who had become legal residents were “deportable” and subject to “mandatory detention.”

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL

1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

Displaced Persons Act

It forced relocation and prosecution of Japanede Americans along the west coat in concentration camps during the World War II 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

unknown

The laws mandated the increased detention of aslyum seekers and through ‘expedited removal’, allowed immigration officers the authority to return asylum seekers ecoutered at the various entry points

Chinese Exclusion Act

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL multiplicity

Enforcement (ICE)

1995 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

(2003) Immigration and Customs

1996: Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) an act that was passed to 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ fight tourism, provide justice 1937 1937 Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit cpty: 351 351 Pontiac, Pontiac, IL ILfor the victims, effective cpty: death penalties following the bombings in New York and Oklahoma

World Trade Center bombings

The Indian Removal Act

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

shortage of detention space

“The Clinton Administration”

Slave Trade Act

Removed the Native Americans to various reservation lands and futher from reservation lands into urban centers throughout America

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL

1993

Upto 10.8 million Africans arrived in America through the import of slaves. This act outlawed the forced importation of Africans as slaves

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:

Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL

https://herb.ashp.cuny. edu/exhibits/show/ mexican-immigration

first colonisations by the Europeans

United States acquires California, New Mexico, Arizona, 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Nevada, Utah, Colorado which were 1941 a1941 part1”=1500’ of theCorrectional larger Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna Vienna Correctional cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL territory; 90% remain Vienna, Vienna, IL IL Mexican in1558/2740 these new territories

Immigration Reform and Control Act NTS NTS

2017

large scale migrations of African Americans up north

Following the Mexican Revolution, thousands of Mexican immigrated to the southwest of United States, looking forward to the new labor opportunities in agriculture

6,785

The Railroad Escape African Americans

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470

2015

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL

28,449

30,295 1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

Germans, Irish

2007

Japanese

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

Europeans https://www.nationalgeographic. org/thisday/jun7/treaty-

vastness

22,975

1986 1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

2006

slaves ashore in the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia

The Treaty of Tordesillas: divided the ‘New World’ between two superpowers, Spain and Portugal

Chinese

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

20,251

The Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes, used by over 30,000 African American slaves to escape free states and 1871 1871 Canada, cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947 Mexicocpty: or overseas

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ into Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

2001

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

9,011

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ a Dutch ship Joilet Joiletwhen Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL brought 20 African

border control

Mexicans

1994

1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:

inspecting foreigners at the port of entries, screening applications for permanent residencies, change of status and naturalisation

European victims of Nazi persecution

1996

Slavery in America started in 1619,

NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL

mass rapid building of detention centers by private organisations

(1933-2003) The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)

Northern Traingle

Mid 19th century saw the rise of Chinese immigrants in the West Coast for agricultural, mining, railroad construction and other low skilled job opportunities https://www. migrationpolicy.org/ article/chinese-

http://www.dialoguesonimmigration.org/immigration-history/

THE RISE OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION

ist throughout; at the1”=1000’ levels 1”=500’ 1”=500’ 1”=1000’ 1983 1983 Lincoln Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center of the state, cpty: cpty: city 327/429 327/429 Lincoln, Chicago, Chicago, IL IL Lincoln, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

boundaries that are meant to exist at the borders, now ex-

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

government, contract and service detention centers family detention centers

Map of Mexico, 1822, before the US Mexican

Border Field State Park, Imperial, California https://www.flickr.com/photos/ whsieh78/25221410846/in/ photostream/

1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963

War

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

U.S.-Mexico border wall in Nogales, Arizona

Point of Entry at El Paso, Texas

https://slate.com/news-andpolitics/2019/02/trump-borderwall-nogales-arizona-razor-wire. html

http://www.msnbc.com/rachelmaddow-show/trump-touts-wallcity-isnt-the-border-doesnthave-wall

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ 1978 1978 Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284 Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

news/article-6678441/Borderofficials-defend-new-rows-razorwire-fence-Nogales.html

FAMILY DETENTION CENTER

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

These centers mostly consist of mothers and their children. They are made to wear prison like uniforms, jumpsuits and are made to live in poor, unhygienic cells and common areas. The families are subjected to highly restricted movement and threatened with family separation if the child cries or misbehaves.

Family Detention Centers

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ A section of the fence 1985 1985 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 between Brownsville and Danville, Danville, IL IL

McAllen, Texas http://www.msnbc.com/rachelmaddow-show/trump-touts-wallcity-isnt-the-border-doesnthave-wall

http://www. sonofthesouth.net/

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ mexican-war/mexicanSheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL

war-map.htm

1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248

*The JohnsonReed Act of 1924 established national quotas based on the percentage of

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL

foreign born from a

1”=500’ 1”=500’ particular Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult country Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

An average of 45 migrant children are ripped from their families per day and placed in detention centers. The “zero-tolerance” immigration policy by the Trump administration was intended to ramp-up criminal prosecution of unauthorised immigrant parents travelling with their childern. The adults were separated from their children and kept in isolation in these detention centers.

Minor Detention Centers

The entire Western Hemisphere including

1”=1000’ Mexico 1”=1000’ was exempt from the quotas in 1983 1983 Lincoln 1984 1984 Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center the immigration to the cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429 cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019 Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL act* of 1924 duecpty:

lobbying of agricultural workers. Farmers in the south west of United States argued

6.9

12.2

5.5

10.5

8.6

When Texas became a state in 1845, the United States government soldiers entered the Mexican territory and took nearly half of their territory, or what became the states of New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and Colorado

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470

Increasing conerns over the rising visibility of that without Mexican immigrants, they unauthorized Mexican immigrants have existed would be unable to find the laborers that were required to sow and harvest crops. all throughout. In 1976, several strategies were They made up less than one thirds of formalised in order to limit the yearly immigrant the migrant population in the country visas yearly, permitting family reunifications only and were specifically percieved as between spouses, unmarried minor children ‘temporary migrants’ who were far more likely to return to Mexico than to settle and parents of adult US citizens. This restriction permanently in the United States. led to the accelerated pace of unauthorized entries. With the enactment of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the migratory process was turned into a permanent settlement north of the border which deterred the seasonal circular migration and increased the number of 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1985 1985 1984 1984 Shawnee 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center unauthorized Mexican immigrants hadIL cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628who cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, ILlittle chouce bu tto stay, live an isolated and fear-filled lives in the United States. Immigration laws such as The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), The Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), and The Personal Responsibility and Number of unauthorized Numbers that show Mexicans Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in immigrants in the US are no longer the majority 1996, the “enforcement and removal” campaigns declined over the past by ICE in 2012, “zero tolerance policy” by Donald decade https://www.pewresearch. Trump in 2018 - were enacted that empowered org/fact-tank/2019/06/12/ the Border Patrol to admit, detain and deport, us-unauthorized-immigrantanyone seen approaching at the border. Today, population-2017/ we see a sharp decline in the numbers of Mexican https://oxfordre. unauthorized immigrants in the country over the com/americanhistory/ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1986 1986 Western 1989 1989 Illinois 1989 1989 Hill Hill Correctional Center Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center pastCorrectional decade.Center americanhistory/view/10.1093/ 5.3

4.9

2.0

3.5

1.5

cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

2005

Correctional Correctional Center Center

family detention centers

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

2017

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

actually-lobbied-congressfor-mexican-immigration-

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

2010

1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

2005

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

2000

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

1995

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

1990

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

https://timeline.com/ when-american-farmerswanted-cheap-labor-the-

2000

Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

(Dorothea Lange/FSA via Library of Congress)

1995

cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

Today, with the formalization of several immigration laws and stricter border securities, we are invariably surrounded by borders of various forms: Fence- pedestrain/vehicle barriers 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Wall 1980 1980 East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470 Airport customs East East Moline, Moline, IL IL Immigration offices Courts CCTV/video surveillance Metal detectors

Migrant laborers harvest carrots in California’s Imperial Valley, 1930s.

1990

The US-Mexico border has a total of 42 border crossings that run along the states of California, Arizona, New 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ and Texas 1921 1921 Stateville Stateville

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Mexico Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

BORDERS AROUND US

The US-Canada border has approximately 120 border crossings that run along the border. They consists of roadway entry points, railway entry points as well as ferry entry points

Mexican Immigration to the United States officially began in 1848, following the US-Mexico War. Mexican men with extensive mining experience entered California’s fields and mines when gold was disovered in one of the mills in the state. They further moved onto other extractive industries, mostly copper and coal. From 1900-1930, they helped build railroads, constructed irrigation channels that transformed the arid deserts of the West into farmlands. In Texas, they also helped in picking cotton and tending livestock. Women worked in1”=1000’ homes NTS NTS 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 1833-1857 Joilet Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center as domestic workers, restaurants, cpty: cpty: hotels Alton, Alton, IL IL Joilet, Joilet, and IL IL laundries. The history of Mexican immigration is best characterized by the movement of unskilled, cheap, manual labor pushed by poverty and unemployment into the American labor markets.

2017

Political border is a line that helps separate geographic areas. They outline the area that defines a specific governing body that creates and enforces laws within its borders. Most countries have military enforcement along their borders that ensure keeping invaders out, protecting resources and several socio-economic communities. The United States has constantly argued for the need to tackle its border issue, especially along the US-1”=1000’ NTS NTS 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Mexico border. The border holds1833-1857 varying cpty: cpty: Joilet, Alton, Alton, IL IL Joilet, IL IL spatial qualities from regulated border conditions with the building of the fence along its different sections, the Rio Grande river surrounded by farmlands, sand dunes and natural lakes that seem like a more environmental border condition.

2010

SPATIALIZING THE BORDER

cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175

Canton, Canton, IL IL

cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019

acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/ acrefore-9780199329175-e-146

Young children from Honduras, seen here on a caravan, hoping to reach the US border, 2018 https://www.thenation.com/ article/central-americamigrant-crisis-foreignpolicy-trump/ https://www.cfr.org/ backgrounder/centralamericas-violent-northerntriangle

NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL

1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470

NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL

1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL

1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947

Mexico (42%) Northern Triangle (46%) Honduras

El Salvador Guatemala 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

3 and the third in Pennsylvania

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1”=500’ 1”=500’ combined capacity of the three 1965 1965 Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition facilities out of whichPeoria, The South Texas cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963 Peoria, IL IL Family Residential Center in Texas holds upto 1,628 family members (as of June 18, 2019)

1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284

1”=2000’ 1”=2000’ Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429

These centers mostly consist of mothers and their children. They are made to wear prison like uniforms, jumpsuits and are made to live in poor, unhygienic cells and common areas. The families are subjected to highly restricted movement and are threatened with family separation if the child cries or misbehaves.

3,326

1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ active family detention facilities in 1941 1941 Vienna Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 of1558/2740 them in Texas Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL the country with two Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1”=500’ 1”=500’ Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

Center Center

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019

South Texas Family Residential Center, Dilley, Texas https://www.dvidshub.net/ image/1919795/photos-southtexas-family-residential-center

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Danville, Danville, IL IL

1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL

1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL

1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL

1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351

THE NORTHERN TRIANGLE AND THEIR ROAD NORTH El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras have been ranked among the most violent countries in the world. The countries were rocked by civil wars in the 1980s that caused the formation of gangs, drug-trafficking, lack of a strong governance body, lack of equal rights, corruption and wide scale violence across regions. Most of the citizens 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ and in hopeCorrectional of seeking refuge from the violence 1941 1941 Vienna Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Center Center Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740 Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, IL IL insecurity, for better economic and educational opportunities have been migrating north to the United States. The United States has offered substantial aid to the Central American efforts to address criminal violence, it is also the one of their major clients of drug consumption. All of these challenges coupled with the poor relief systems to combat post disaster conditions, makes it extremely difficult for the citizens to remain hopeful for a better tomorrow. Over the last decade, there have been news reports of migrant “caravanas” traveling toward the United States. The reason most of these migrants choose to travel in larger groups is to be able to share 1”=500’ 1”=500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1500’ resources, avoid cost of smugglers and gain 1972 1972 Logan Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130 Aurora, Aurora, IL IL Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL protection by the safety offered in numbers.

1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429

WHY ARE PEOPLE FLEEING THE NORTHERN TRIANGLE COUNTRIES?

1979-92: El Salvador

1965 1965 1960-96: cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963 Guatemala

civil wars between the military-led government and the leftist guerilla groups that killed several thousands of civilians dead, gave access to a large pool of unemployed men easy access to weapons that led to the formation of several criminal groups, especially in El Salvador. Many of 1”=500’ 1”=500’ them with Mexican drug-1972 1972 Peoria Peoriawere Adult Adultassociated Transition Transition Center Center cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248 Peoria, Peoria, IL IL organizations, domestic trafficking crime groups, street gangs, transnational gangs.

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL

The Northern countries, historically, have had weaker institutions of governance, corruption and a legacy of autocratic rule. Several state institutions and programs are underfunded due to lower tax rates, diminishing resources and a lack of political will and capacity. Due to the increasing numbers of several gangs, the country 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ has experienced high homicide 1985 1985 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional and Center Centergeneral cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL crime rates. The region has also been subject to varying climatic conditions and as a result been exposed to natural disasters, especially earthquakes and droughts.

1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL

1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867

Better economic opportunities. Better educational opportunities. Better life security. To seek the asylum policy that allows them to remain in the United States as they await a decision on their cases. Family reunification with foreign-born family 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1989 1989 Illinois 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 members residing in the Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL Canton, Canton, IL IL United States. cpty:

Homicides per 100,000 people 100 80

El Salvador

Honduras

WHY ARE THEY ATTRACTED TO THE UNITED STATES?

Guatemala

2000

2005

2010

2015

Northern Triangle Homicide Source: World Bank

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’

1978 1978 Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45489.pdf cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284 Centralia, Centralia, IL IL

1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL

Publication Website 52

Robot Survey Documenting Robotic species Thesis Preparation Studio Publication Team: Karun Chughasrani, Julia Jeffs, Da Eun Lee, Linda Lee, Beiyi Ma, Abirami Manivannan, Andrea Marquez, Yousun Nam, Harshwardhan Saini, Asya Shine, Tristan Snyder, Victoria Yu Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are cruising around your hometown this very minute and cities are planning as if they will be a daily fixture in the near future. While seemingly inevitable, the question of how AVs and other urban robotics become situated in cities is up for grabs. Or, more precisely, yet to be designed. We undertook a survey of the diversity of robotic ‘species’ in 2019 and have captured our findings in this free pamphlet. Though it is not exhaustive, we have sought to represent the robotic zeitgeist by documenting 83 different devices. By providing measured drawings and basic details of each robot, our intention is to pull these much-hyped technologies back ‘down to earth’ where we can do the work of imagining their impacts on people and cities.

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=500’ Crossroads Chicago, I

1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1000’ Shawnee Co Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ Western Il Mount Ster

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1857-2002 cpty:

1871 cpty: 1165/2947

1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1”=1000’ Graham Cor Hillsboro,

1937 cpty: 351

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL 1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL 1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL 1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL

cpty:

1985 1724/1864

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1972 cpty: 237/248

1”=1000’ Western Il Mount Ster

1925 2674/3759

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=1000’ Shawnee Co Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1972 cpty: 237/248

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1937 cpty: 351

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1965 1127/1963

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL

1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL 1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019 1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1871 cpty: 1165/2947

1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1985 1724/1864

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=500’ Crossroads Chicago, I

1978 1657/2284

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

cpty:

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1857-2002 cpty:

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1833-1857 cpty:

1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1871 cpty: 1165/2947

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1000’ Graham Cor Hillsboro,

1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL 1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL 1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

1937 Vandalia Correctional cpty: IL 351 Vandalia, 1”=1000’

Center

1”=500’ 1”=1000’ 1”=2000’ 1”=1000’ 1921 1983 Crossroads1925 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Medium Security Unit 1983 Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center cpty: 327/429 cpty: 1222/1770 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 Chicago, IL Pontiac, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Menard Correctional Center Joilet Correctional Center 1978 cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL

NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1937 Lincoln Correctional cpty:IL351 Lincoln, 1”=1000’

Center

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1871 1857-2002 Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center Graham Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL Hillsboro, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

1”=500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1972 Logan 1978 Centralia 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Lincoln, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL 1”=1500’ 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL

1”=500’ 1”=1500’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria 1984 Adult Transition Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia, NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1”=500’ 1”=2000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1983 Crossroads1925 1921 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center Medium Security Unit 1983 cpty: 327/429 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 cpty: 1222/1770 Chicago, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL Pontiac, IL 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL

1”=1000’ 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1857-2002 1871 Graham Correctional Center Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Hillsboro, IL Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

cpty:

1985 1724/1864

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1972 cpty: 237/248

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1937 cpty: 351

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1937 cpty: 351

1”=500’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1500’ 1984 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria Adult Transition Center Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1500’ 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1871 cpty: 1165/2947

1925 2674/3759

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=1500’ 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL 1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL 1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1985 1724/1864

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1985 1724/1864

cpty:

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL 1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1000’ 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,

1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

cpty:

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

cpty:

1985 1724/1864

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=1000’ 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1972 cpty: 237/248

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1965 1127/1963

1”=500’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1”=1500’ 1972 Logan 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 1978 Centralia Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center Correctional Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL Lincoln, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1500’ 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1833-1857 cpty:

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1000’ 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’ 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,

1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL

NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL 1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019 1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1857-2002 cpty:

1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1833-1857 cpty:

1978 1657/2284

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1985 1724/1864

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

cpty:

1985 1724/1864

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

cpty:

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia, NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1”=1000’ 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Menard Correctional Center Joilet Correctional Center 1978 cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL

NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1”=1500’ 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL 1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL 1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1000’ 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1857-2002 cpty:

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL 1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1000’ 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1833-1857 cpty:

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

cpty:

1985 1724/1864

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL

NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

Center

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1937 Lincoln Correctional cpty:IL351 Lincoln,

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL 1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019 1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

Center

1985 1724/1864

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1”=1000’

cpty:

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1937 Vandalia Correctional cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1857-2002 cpty:

1”=2000’ 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL 1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1985 1724/1864

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1833-1857 cpty:

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

cpty:

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=1000’ 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,

1”=1000’ 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1972 cpty: 128/130

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL 1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL 1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL 1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1”=1500’ 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL

1”=1000’ 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,

1972 cpty: 237/248 1937 cpty: 351 1871 cpty: 1165/2947 1980 cpty: 1281/1572 1972 cpty: 237/248

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1”=1000’ 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1983 cpty: 327/429

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’ 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,

1”=1500’ 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ 1”=1000’ 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL

NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1985 1724/1864

1925 cpty: 2674/3759

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1965 cpty: 1127/1963

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

cpty:

1”=1000’ Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL

1857-2002 cpty:

1”=1500’ Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL

1921 cpty: 1222/1770

1”=1000’ Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL

1941 cpty: 1558/2740

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1984 cpty: 1682/2151

1”=1000’ Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL

1833-1857 cpty:

1”=1500’ Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL

1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1937 cpty: 351 1871 cpty: 1165/2947

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867 1984 cpty: 1133/1628 1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL 1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL 1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL 1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867 1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1972 cpty: 237/248

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1”=1000’ Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL

1”=1000’ Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL

1984 cpty: 1007/1019

1972 cpty: 128/130

1937 cpty: 351

1984 cpty: 1133/1628

1”=1000’ Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

1”=1 West Moun 1”=1 Shaw Vien 1”=5 Cros Chic 1”=1 Grah Hill

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL

1983 cpty: 327/429

NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL

1”=1000’ 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL

1925 /3759

1871 cpty: 1165/2947

1”=500’ Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL

1980 cpty: 1318/1470

1”=1000’ 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL 1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1”=1 West Moun 1”=1 Shaw Vien

1978 /2284

1980 cpty: 1281/1572

1983 cpty: 2051/2529

1”=1000’ East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL

1986 cpty: 1698/1867

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

-2002 cpty:

1965 /1963

1972 cpty: 237/248

1”=2000’ Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL

1980 cpty: 1500/2013

1978 /2284

1”=500’ Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL

1”=1000’ Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL

1”=1000’ Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL

1965 /1963

1937 cpty: 351

1978 cpty: 2213/3881

1978 cpty: 1657/2284

1”=1000’ Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL

1”=1000’ Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL

1”=1500’ Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL

1925 /3759

1871 cpty: 1165/2947

1972 cpty: 128/130

1”=1000’ Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL

1”=500’ Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL

-2002 cpty:

1”=5 Cros Chic 1”=1 Grah Hill

URBAN RETROFIT HOUSING Resilient housing systems Professional Work: Architecture BRIO, Mumbai Team: Robert Verrijt, Shefali Balwani (Principals), Shreya Nath 2017-2018

The site is located in one of the prime areas of the city. A three storey, 12,000 sq ft, sea facing apartment, belonging to one of the most prestigious families in the country. The building is a twenty-five year old structure, with structural systems and services, not very well documented. The main challenges in the project were to understand the existing building inside out. The structural beams and columns were not ordinary, posing it to be a serious challenge in achieving large ceiling heights, minimal aesthetics. The clients heavily insisted on having innovative systems as a part of the scope of the project along with extravagant finishes to achieve seamlessness in design. My contribution as a Junior Architect in the project was towards stages of design development, maing detailed working drawings, construction drawings and constant coordination and weekly supervision of work on site. The detailed drawings included technical information of the various structural, ventilation, electrical systems aligned with the overall aesthetic of the project. Energy saving technologies such as low e solar glass window systems that would help generate solar energy to feed back into the urban electrical grid. The site also faced harsh sunlight and rains; several conditions were taken into consideration to prevent additional damages to a structure that is old and requires external strength.

Retro-fitting the sun roof system on the existing structure with better insulation and solar power gains to the existing electric grid. The set of louvered screen as the last layer was proposed as a sun shading system. Two sets of sliding doors were introduced for transparency as well as for sun shading being a sea facing site. The main front of the house faces the sea, further having challenges to tackle with harsh sunlight and wind conditions. The existing are under the sun roof with good air conditioning system measures a temperature of 40 degrees at mid afternoon. The challenge was not only to try and shade the area, but also to try and generate solar energy which would feed back into the existing grid and further reduce energy expenses by the household.

The staircase due to its structural constraints is located in an enclosed space. The idea of a curved staircase breaks away from making it feel enclosed and gives a more natural flow to it. The idea of having an open stairwell with cantilevered steps enhanced the lightness of the staircase within the enclosed area. The challenge was to have the steps cantilevered off the walls. Solid travetine blocks were proposed for the steps which along with constant discussion with the structural consultant a system was devised to support the steps off the wall.

SHEET TITLE :

DRAWING NO. PROJECT NO. SCALE DATE

DUBASH HOUSE

NOTES

THE WINDING STAIRCASE DETAIL 1.

Solid travertine

2. Mild steel L plate 3. Reinforced concrete block 4. Cross cut - Travertine slab 5. Brass pipe balustrade

distressed solid wood

mild steel wall unit exposed cement finished walls with brass inlay

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 60

Entrance Foyer Formal Living Informal Living Dining Kitchen Utility Kitchen Servant’s Room Servant’s Toilet Library Store room Powder Toilet Guest Bedroom Guest Bathroom Kid’s Bedroom Kid’s Bathroom

A HOUSE OF SECRET CRAFTS Co-designing with craftsmen Professional Work: ATTO Atelier, Bangalore Team: George Attokaran (Founder and Principal) Mohammad Umar Sharief, Shehbaz Shafi 2016 The site, located in Bellandur, faces the Bellandur lake in Bangalore. It is a 3500 sq m apartment. The houses faces the natural lake on one side and the other facing the man made and maintained gardens of the gated community they live in. In terms of the aesthetics, the clients were interested in having a blend of contemporary as well as Indian feel to the house. We focused on exploring with innovative uses of traditional materials and finishes to try and achieve duality in the overall ethos for the house. Exposed cement finish, engineered clay â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Bharat flooringâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; tiles, local handicraft forms for the study, solid wood with experimentation on the finish are few to mention. My contribution as a design intern in the project was from the design development stage until the completion of the project. I was a part of supervising civil works and designing and detailing furniture pieces for the house. A lot of time was spent experimenting on site with materials and its desired finishes to achieve the best aesthetic. Each furniture piece has a distinctive blend in its taste of being contemporary and local at the same time. The grey wall along the dining and living areas is an exposed cement finish to give it raw look which worked well with the rest of the space with the raw edge dining table. The project exposed me to situations where I was working intensively with the clients, consultants, designers, engineers and local fabricator and carpenters. Frequent site visits and interpretation of drawings from different consultants helped me hone my problem solving capabilities.

LIVING ROOM

STUDY ROOM 62 48

DINING ROOM

MASTER BEDROOM 63 49

#miamibound Building communities through culture and localism ULI Competition 2020 Instructors: Lars GrĂ¤bner + Peter Smirniotopoulos Team: Karun Chughasrani, Kristin Mixon, Megan Rigney, Kum Wai Victoria See The Urban Land Institute (ULI) offers an opportunity for eligible students to form multidisciplinary teams and engage in a challenging exercise in responsible land use. This year, Miamiâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Wynwood district was recognized as the site for investigation and exploration, to demonstrate to local stakeholders how this project will have positive economic impacts while also enhancing the sustainability and resilience of the study area, surrounding neighborhoods, and the city at large. Our project aimed to maintain a strong focus on community, culture and localism through meaningfully arranging elements and their programmatic adjacencies, concepts of spatial delights, fluidity in the urban fabric and flexibility over time.

TRANSIT CIRCULATION

ARTS + WELLNESS

OPPORTUNITIES

To activate the new Tri-Rail station, the Wyn Plaza and the Food Square are strategically situated beside the railway platforms, thus eliminating physical and visual barriers from transit to activity. This creates an infrastructuralcivic hybrid that functions as a central gathering place and integrates the Wynwood and Edgewater communities with an inlux of visitors and incoming residents of the development. 66 52

Future development

400’ 10

13 12

Wynwood Blossom - Hotel + Office + Conference Center

Wyn Plaza

The Food Square

Chef Space - Culinary School

Tri - Rail Station

27th Walking Street - Woonerf

Palm Trail

Palm Plaza at Wynwood

Palm Plaza at Edgewater

1 14

4 12

Green Buffer

Future development

Rooftop Soccer Field

Housing - Residential + Retail/Institutional

The Living Commons - Residential Courtyards

Parking

0’

100’

Future development

200’ 10

Borrowing from the gritty character of Wynwood, the “make-shift” shipping containers aesthetic of Food Square and the adjacent Chef Space Culinary School introduces the Edgewater neighborhood to upcoming food and beverage entrepreneurs. At the same time, providing a steady stream of curious customers to test their epicurean experiments. The Wyn Plaza on the west platform of the Tri-Rail Station complements the ethos of the Food Square.

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DIAGRAMMING METHODOLOGY + INSERT Rethinking the architecture of learning Undergraduate work, Year 4 Instructor: Milind Merchant 2014

The project revisits the idea of universities in today’s world and explores the idea of breaking down existing programs to create new organizations for better and effective learning in and outside the campus boundaries. The St. Xavier’s University is one of Mumbai’s historic and prestigious institutions today for Arts, Science and Commerce. The challenge was to redesign an existing block in campus to accommodate a new course, integrate better with the existing programs on site. The first half of the project was spent studying existing conditions to derive a methodology to create a framework that allows flexibility of spaces, programs to allow for better interaction on and off campus.

LENDING LIBRARY

ADMIN

CLASSROOM

LIFT

ADMIN

CLASSROOM

CLASS ROOM

AUDITORIUM GALLERIES

TREASURER'S OFFICE

CLASSROOM VP OF

TREASURER'S OFFICE

ADMIN

CLASSROOM

VP OF

LAB

CLASS ROOM

TREASURER'S OFFICE

ADMIN

VP OF

ADMIN

1716 m2

Living

Self regulated

2706 m2

Social

informed interactions rehersals bb+fb+vb

canteen

food is served sit and eat fest publicity

auditorium

rehersals fest performances

woods

informal interactions

formal lectures seating

Group regulated Instructional mandate Externally controlled

movement small group discussions

reception

enquiry waiting connecting space

reading rooms

controlled self oriented

music club

labs

Private

nature of interaction

courtyards

staircase blocks

387 m2

Services

2758 m2

Outdoor 766 m2

Admin

events

Public

4244 m2

5444 m2

285 m2

Faculty

nature of behaviour

Open space

Circulation

Classroom

Circulation

nature of space

Built

rehersals library of music experiments short lectures/announcements

common rooms

interactions

library

reading peer learnings book storage scan/xerox

staff rooms

Informal

interaction among teachers self work

lending library

book storage checkpoint of books

classrooms

learning interactions rehersals

multimedia room

lectures, ppt.s, screenings rehersals

admin

work spaces waiting areas enquiry

dept. rooms

work spaces enquiry

Formal

resource center

library archive

individual study group study community study

storage/display generic faculty student discussions student group interaction

canteen + kitchen + student area social congregation served space kitchen student group interactions informal accidental/ informed interactions

seminar for 300 outreach programs summer school programs lectures, ppt.s, screenings shared admin + staff interaction among teachers work spaces

teaching environment