RINIKA PRINCE
DESIGN PORTFOLIO SELECTED WORKS 2014-2020
INDEX OF WORKS
CURRENT SCENARIO
TRIGGERED SCENARIO
TRIGGERED SCENARIO
The State Capitol and the City Hall
Distributing the City Hall to amplify its zone of influence over larger
with overlapping zones of
parts of the city. Combining City Hall programs with inherently public
influence.
events to attempt at placemaking through public participation.
City-parcel-building
Fragmentation of the building
Creating field conditions
Connect
Connect
Connect
Split
Stack
Permeate
Raise
Invert
01 01
1β=1000β Ohio Penitentiary Columbus, OH
1818/1834 cpty: 5235
1β=1000β Southeastern Correctional Institution Lancaster, OH
1856/1990 cpty: 1593
1β=1000β Ohio State Reformatory Mansfield, OH
1896 cpty: XXXX
Department of Finance
City Council
Human Resouces
Council Chamber
City Clerk
Mayor & Executive
Police Department
Human Relations Community Services
District Courts
Development
Jail/Booking
The City Attorney
Public Services
Planning
IT Department
SPATIAL MANIPULATION POLICIES
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1β=1000β Pickaway Correctional Institution Orient, OH
1984 cpty: 2088
1β=1000β 1β=1000β AllenPenitentiary Correctional Institution Ohio Lima, OH OH Columbus,
1818/1834 1987 cpty: cpty: 5235 1645
1β=1500β 1β=1000β Correctional Correctional Reception Center Southeastern Institution Orient, OH OH Lancaster,
1856/1990 1987 cpty: cpty: 1593 1500
1β=1000β Ohio State Reformatory Mansfield, OH
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1896 cpty: XXXX
1β=1000β Pickaway Correctional Institution Orient, OH
1984 cpty: 2088
1β=1000β Allen Correctional Institution Lima, OH
1β=1500β Correctional Reception Center Orient, OH
1987 cpty: 1500
1β=1500β 1987 Ross Correctional Institution cpty: 2258 Chillicothe, OH
1987 cpty: 2037
1987 cpty: 1645
EXISTING CITY HALL PROGRAM ANALYSIS
1β=1000β Orient Correctional Institution Orient, OH
1902 cpty: 1724
1β=1000β London Correctional Institution London, OH
1912 cpty: 2500
1β=1000β Lima (Oakwood) Correctional Institution Lima, OH
1β=1000β Ohio Reformatory for Women Marysville, OH
1916 cpty: 2011
1β=1500β Chillicothe Correctional Institution Chillicothe, OH
1917 cpty: 2950
1β=1500β Marion Correctional Institution Marion, OH
1β=1000β Lebanon Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH
1960 cpty: 2465
1β=1500β Southern Ohio Correctional Facility Lucasville, OH
1973 cpty: 1330
1β=1000β Hocking Correctional Facility Ward, OH
1915 XXXX
1954 cpty: 2623
1β=1500β 1β=1000β Madison Correctional Institute Orient Correctional Institution London,OHOH Orient,
1β=1500β 1β=1000β Ross Correctional 1987 London 1902 CorrectionalInstitution Institution Chillicothe, OH cpty:1724 2258 London, cpty: OH
1β=1000β Dayton Correctional Institution Dayton, OH
1987 cpty: 938
1β=1000β Grafton Correctional Institution Grafton, OH
1988 cpty: 2074
1β=1000β 1β=500β 1916 1988 Ohio Reformatory for Women Northeast Reintegration Center (Women) cpty: cpty:2011 590 Marysville, Cleveland, OH
1β=1000β Lorain Correctional Institution Grafton, OH
1990 cpty: 1089
1β=1000β 1β=1500β Lebanon Correctional Institution Mansfield Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH OH Mansfield,
1987 1912 cpty: 2500 2037 cpty:
1β=1000β Lima (Oakwood) Correctional Institution Lima, OH
1β=1500β 1β=1000β Chillicothe Correctional Institution Warren Correctional Institution Chillicothe, Lebanon, OH OH
1917 1989 cpty: cpty: 2950 1328
1β=1500β Marion Correctional Institution Marion, OH
1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1960 SouthernCorrectional Ohio Correctional Facility Facility 1990 Collins cpty: Lucasville, NY OH cpty:2465 2523 Collins,
1982 1973 cpty: 1330 1700 cpty:
1β=1000β Hocking Correctional Facility Ward, OH
04 1982 cpty: 481
07
1915 XXXX
1954 cpty: 2623
1β=1000β Dayton Correctional Institution Dayton, OH
1987 cpty: 938
1β=1000β Grafton Correctional Institution Grafton, OH
1988 cpty: 2074
1β=1000β Lorain Correctional Institution Grafton, OH
1990 cpty: 1089
1β=1500β Madison Correctional Institute London, OH
1β=500β Northeast Reintegration Center (Women) Cleveland, OH
1988 cpty: 590
1β=1000β Warren Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH
1989 cpty: 1328
05 1982 cpty: 481
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06 1β=1500β Mansfield Correctional Institution Mansfield, OH
1β=1000β 1990 Collins Correctional Facility cpty: 2523 Collins, NY
1982 cpty: 1700
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+
+
CARE
TECHNOLOGY
NEIGHBORHOOD
personal assistance building trust
taking healthcare to neighborhoods breaking cultural, language barriers providing awareness building networks
creating a sense of place enforcing preventive care lifestyles
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NETWORK OF CARE Graduate Thesis Instructor: Bryan Boyer 2019-2020 Historical research of healthcare shows an overarching pattern of a system that once delivered via centers of religious practices, as an extension of charitable and welfare services for those in need, to a healing βmachineβ that was characterized by segregation and consolidation, driving toward efficiency. As we know, this is now breaking down further in scale in the form of retail clinics, mobile health, and telemedicine that deliver healthcare but also have negative impacts in terms of social isolation. Network of Care aims to counter inequality in access and a decline in interpersonal care through a mobile health unit that brings personal care to communities in lower-density cities. This speculative autonomous unit will provide primary care services to neighborhood residents as well as providing place-making strategies that elevate healthy lifestyles through safe and inspiring architectural environments. The project piggybacks on existing urban infrastructures of Detroit, such as libraries, parks, schools, to provide primary health assistance for pregnant women and children in the βhealth desertβ areas of the city. Networks of Care addresses a lack of access to healthy food, social isolation, and the poor quality of physical environments. The project will display two test cases; one when docked next to an elementary school and the other in one of Detroitβs neighborhood parks. These test cases allow Networks of Care to demonstrate the viability of combining autonomous mobility and architectural strategies to create safe and inspiring places as well as facilitating more effective community engagement practices.
THE DECENTRALIZED SYSTEM OF CARE
Modern Medicine
The Roman Valetudinarium
The Greek Asklepieion 4th century BC
The Pavilion The Pavilion The Pavilion
1st century BC
Modern MedicineFirst public demonstration of
Hospital as a healing machine
Hospital a healing machine Hospital as aas healing machine
the use of ether anesthesia for surgery, 1890.
Non-religious healthcare
Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19
13th century
The Chelsea Hospital, Chelsea Hospital, London,London, TheThe Chelsea Hospital, London, 1682. 1682. 1682.
Hos The sanctuary of Asclepios Soter at Pergamon, Turkey
The Greenwich Royal Naval The Greenwich Royal Naval
Spiritual Campus: Greek Asklepieion extensive bathing facilities
Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19
3
TheHospital, Greenwich 1694.Royal Hospital, 1694.Naval Hospital, 1694.
Rest/pit stop/care: Roman Valetudinarium
Civic Enterprises 1865.
Historical Deep Deep Dive 11.08.19 Historical Dive 11.08.19
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Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19
Religious Center: Xenodochium
Typical layout
BrunelleschiΓ’€™s Foundling Hospital, Florence, 1491.
Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19
Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19
Self treatment: Medicinal based Medicine Men: Healers visiting home
Scientist Wihelm Rontgen and
The Chorlton Union Hospital, the first X Ray, 1895. The Chorlton Union Hospital, 1865. The1865. Chorlton Union Hospital,
Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19
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4
Care was initially delivered via religious institutions, and as extensions of charitable and welfare services for those in Γ’€˜needΓ’€™. Advances in science and technology caused a shift in the delivery of care - propagating the spread of hospitals as technological institutions. This now as we know is breaking down further in scale in the form of retail clinics, mobile health, tele-medicine that will bring social isolation among people. My thesis aims to focus on this spectrum of innovations operating across scales - from the home to the scale of the city.
e Hospitals
The Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, NY, 1930.
Special Care Units Cornell Medical Center, NY, 1933.
High Rise Hospitals
city
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10
spitals
Physician Clinics
Retail Clinics
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Retail Early 2000s
Clinics
Mobile Health Clinics, Vans mHealth Systems Telemedicine Robots
neighborhood
home
Taxis bringing clients to medical facilities
Retail Clinics Early 2000s
What will this fragmented
healthcare system look What will this fragmented healthcare system look healthcare system look like in the future? like in the future? like in the future?
What will this fragmented
Pharmacies, grocery stores, Walmart, Target..
Historical Deep Dive 11.08.19
Telemedicine
Pharmacies, grocery stores, Walmart, Target.. Telemedicine
Mobile Clinics on demand
Mobile Clinics on demand
Medical Robots
Medical Robots
Centralized care
providing quality of care investment in equipment creating the right spatial conditions
De-centralized care
accessibility: physical, financial expensive to build
lack of client confidentiality constraints in holding larger capacities failed tracking of clients
Mobile, humancentric care
The diagram here highlights a feedback loop in the healthcare system where the shortcomings of the centralized care became the drivers for the decentralized care system. Today, the kind of decentralized care services as we see today, struggle to tackle some key issues concerning an individualΓ’€™s experience of being cared for. These issues include lack of client confidentiality, failed tracking of clients and spatial constraints in holding large capacities. My thesis recognizes current trends towards autonomous technology and tele-medicine to create opportunities for user-centric decentralized care.
Detroit symbolizes conditions of spatial mismatch where communities are disconnected from basic resources and destinations like jobs, care centers, super markets, in most cases based on racial and economic segregation. The map here shows the regionΓ’€™s in the city that have almost no access to primary care services. Most of the care centers are located in the urban areas making transportation to these centers a concern for communities that donΓ’€™t have easy access. Infant mortality and early childcare have proven to be are one of the most alarming concerns in these regions. Lack of access to healthy food, social isolation, poor physical environments brings in opportunities for me to provide better care facilities but also give more agency to these communities to engage in preventive care lifestyles.
Lacks: food, nutrition, mental and physical health
family leadership and support
professional development and career pathways
32 12 Detroit
Michigan
early learning and development
5.9 US
Maternal Mortality Comparison
physical environment The Early Childhood System
MEDICAL UNIT LEVEL 2
2
1
4
3
MEDICAL UNIT FLOOR 2 Elevator / Staircase lobby Storage Common seating Informal work tables
2 3
Zero Space by Igarashi Design Studio, Tokyo
MEDICAL UNIT LEVEL 1
Modular seating by ShEMOI DESiGNS
1 2 3 4
1
4
MEDICAL UNIT FLOOR 1 1 2 3 4
Elevator / Staircase lobby Digital check-in / self care stations 3 Private Consultation pods 3 Exam Rooms
MEDICAL UN LEVEL 2
The Minimum Viable Product design guidelines were followed in order to achieve maximum efficiency of space inside the units. The first floor of the unit includes three spaces designed primarily for the delivery of care. These spaces include self care kiosks , private examination rooms, and insulated, sound proof, teleconsultation pods. The upper floor of the medical unit is designed to function as a multi-use space, allowing visitors to lounge and participate in a variety of indoor community activities.
The external ramp seen here is attached to the unit, once it has established its position on site. The examination rooms provide a bed space and a sink along with space for consultation. These rooms allow medical assistants to have in person consultation with clients. The sound-proof pods on the other hand, allow visitors, mothers in this case, to have private conversations with medical experts located offsite through a video conferencing setup. These pods are large enough to comfortably seat a mother and her child. The encasing of the tyres on the interior of the unit helps create space for work counters, sinks and seating. The second floor of the unit is a flex space for community workshops and small gatherings. The reconfigurable furniture allows for hosting a variety of interactive learning sessions for children and others.
PPORT UNIT
3 5
2
1 4
SUPPORT UNIT FLOOR 2 1 2 3 4 5
Public toilet Physician team room Pantry Closet area Supplies / outdoor furniture storage
The unit is 25β wide and 40β feet long. The size was derived by evaluating the amount of space required for comfortable occupation inside the mobile unit as well as by examining the design of a range of Detroitβs future streets.
50 seater bus
The Support Unit primarily caters to the medical staff and provides spaces for taking a break, having lunch and for holding team briefings. It also provides a pantry and a closet space for personal storage. It also provides restrooms designed to meet ADA specifications for the general public and the staff. Additionally, one third of the space is allocated for storage for outdoor furniture, medical supplies, as required.
The proposal seen here is a configuration of two medical and one support unit on site. The placement has been done considering a couple of site strategies such as maintaining pedestrian accesses, possible connection with the existing building and space around. The outside spaces can be transformed into large, shaded community gathering zones for various events and activities. These can be installed easily on site as the shading structures are imagined to be equipped in the unit and only require assistance anchoring on ground. The units on site attempt to bring in opportunities to create safe and inspiring play spaces for
children, host health-related pop-ups by local health organizations, designate stations to learn about new health trends and provide resources for health routines and experts. School buildings remain heavily underused especially during the night time and holidays and so I can imagine schools willing to extend some of their indoor facilities such as bathrooms, open classrooms at the time of medical emergencies. The outdoor spaces with community offerings seen in the views here are means of place-making strategies that help elevate healthy lifestyles through safe and inspiring architectural environments.
small retail for groceries, medicines
semi private seating options art therapy alley
teaching lounge for kids
community health workshops
The configuration here is a set of four medical and two support units on site. The medical units have been strategically placed to bring in users into the unit as well as create smaller alleys and courtyardlike gathering spaces. The support units on the further right help create a spatial buffer to contain the activity. The units bring an opportunity to set up a quiet outdoor reading garden to the park. The shading structures are extended over existing walking paths, picnic tables and exercise stations to provide shade during the summer
providing shade over exercise stations
months. Visitors can participate in yoga sessions, participate in community bbqs and engage in healthy living activities offered. They can loiter in the nature-infused courtyards for quiet activities, including semi-private seating options that encourage them to share and self-reflect. They can read curated health and wellness books, listen to podcasts and more. The storage spaces once emptied can be repurposed into book pickup and drop off stations.
reading garden
book check out and return station
providing shade over existing picnic tables
reading garden with semi private seating for informal conversations
Visitor check-in station with access to amenities as they wait for their turn
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CRITICAL DISPERSIONS A New City Hall for Lansing; a distributed construct TCAUP Institutions Studio Instructors: Gabriel Cuellar Partner: Karun Chughasrani Fall 2018 In an attempt to understand and trigger the latent dispositional power in architecture, this project questions the idea of centrality and monumentality in the design of future civic buildings. The New City Hall for Lansing is decentralised and supplemented with a boost of inherently public events and activities. The proposed events allow the public at large to edit and appropriate spaces in this new city hall construct, creating a new sense of public occupancy. This admixture of adverse uses helps develop a new public identity for civic buildings in Lansing, one which allows them to become unifying elements in the cityΓ’€™s otherwise broken and fragmented urban fabric. The project attempts at contesting hegemonies by moving away from the static object-based framing of spaces to creating a more dynamic spatio-temporal field condition.
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CommercialE Lansing Economic Development Corporation
Suburban Transformation Corridors Form Based Code
Corridor Improvement Authorities
Suburban Transformation Corridors
Urban Transformation Corridors
Community scaled Mixed-use cores
Design Lansing Plan
Lansing Planning Board
Neighborhood scaled Mixed-use cores
Lansing Economic Area Partnership
Recreation
Customary
Temporal Events IPP
Urban Fabric
Public Participation
ducational
Base Program
City Hall
Co-authored activities
Co-edited spaces
art attacks / studios / galleries / markets / community kitchens / farming / gardening / bike sharing / repairing / gym / yoga / skating /
PlacemakingS
tewardship
physical activities / performances / open mics / makerspaces / co-working / book sharing /
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CURRENT SCENARIO
TRIGGERED SCENARIO
TRIGGERED SCENARIO
CURRENT SCENARIO CURRENT SCENARIO
TRIGGERED SCENARIO TRIGGERED SCENARIO
TRIGGERED SCENARIO TRIGGERED SCENARIO
The State Capitol and the City Hall with overlapping zones of influence. The State Capitol and the City Hall with overlapping zones of influence.
Distributing the City Hall to amplify its zone of influence over larger parts of the city. Combining City Hall programs with inherently public events to attempt at placemaking through participation. Distributing the City Hall to amplify itspublic zone of influence over larger
We understood that interaction between people, requirement of access to certain physical locations and ability to perform with scale returns are dominant features which allow inherent publicness to emerge out of an otherwise unorganized commons. We used these protocols to help embed our project within this nuanced phase change from unorganized to coorganized. We attempted to introduce co-authored activities/events that have the ability to mutate and edit in space and time.
parts of the city. Combining City Hall programs with inherently public events to attempt at placemaking through public participation.
City-parcel-building
Fragmentation of the building
Creating field conditions
City-parcel-building city-parcel-building
Fragmentation of theof building fragmentation the building
Creating field field conditions creating conditions
Connect
Connect
Connect
Connect
Connect
Connect
The project produces a shift from a central monumental city hall as a symbol of the public to a distributed city hall apparatus which allows publics to emerge and sustain. For this, the proximity exigencies, roles and responsibilities of each city hall department as well as their level of interaction with the public at large were understood to form clusters of city hall programs.
Council Chamber
City Council
Skating Protests
Public at Large
LEPFA Performances Public at Large
Workshops
Urban Park
Pop-ups Festivals
Department of Finance
Gallery spaces Open Mics
City Clerk LPRC
We understood that interaction between people, requirement of access to certain physical locations and ability to perform with scale returns are dominant features that allow inherent publicness to emerge out of an otherwise unorganized commons. We used these protocols to help embed our project within nuanced phase changes from unorganized to co-organized. We introduced co-authored activities/events that have the ability to mutate and edit in space and time. An overlap of dedicated city hall programs and pre-supposed events attempts to bring together the public at large and other authoritative agencies and boards to a creation of fixed and ambiguous spaces rooted in the idea of stewardship and place based practices.
Bicycle Docks Human Resources
Mayor & Executive
MEDC
E. MICHIGAN AVE Health Center
Watersports
Community Gardening Public Services IT Department Makerspaces
Urban Park Community Kitchens
Schools
Open Gym
Public at Large
Planning Development
Studios
W. WILLOW ST CAMW
Police Department
Citizen Assisstance Human Relations Community Services
Public at Large Community Farms
Temporal Markets CRML Urban Park
Jail/ Booking
Mobile Food Pantry
Library
District Courts
Outreach
City Attorney
Workshops
MEDC
S. CEDAR ST
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN E. MICHIGAN AVE
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The first site on E. Michigan Ave is one of the main entry exit gateways to the city of Lansing and leads up to the state capitol building. East of the river, in the downtown urban core there exists a certain tightness to the urban fabric, one that is even perceived at the human scale even while walking on the sidewalks. On the west side of the river, in spite of there being prominent public programs such a baseball stadium, a science center, a museum and the Lansing Center within good proximity the experience at the street level lacks character. We have deployed the city hall clusters containing the Civic Authorities and the Departments of Finance and Human Resources.
THIRD FLOOR PLAN
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
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26
27
FIRST FLOOR PLAN W. WILLOW STREET
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On this site, the city hall clusters contain the Public Services, Planning and IT departments. We arranged the city hall programs around a community garden to which public programs such as a makerspace, kindergarten, community kitchen and an open gym feed into. These public programs come out the immediate contextual setting. This assembly also helps better connect the surrounding residents with the river.
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN S. CEDAR STREET
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On this site, the city hall clusters contain the District courts and City AttorneyΓ’€™s office, the jail and the Police Department and the Department of Community Services. A series of urban farms and courtyards interspersed between city hall programs and public programs create a unifying environment. The library is a common program that appears in the district courts, the city attorneyΓ’€™s office and the police department in the current city hall arrangement.
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THE EASTERN BASKET A Market + Housing Collective TCAUP Systems Studio Instructors: Lars GrΓ€bner + Christina Hansen Team: Kum Wai Victoria See + Christopher Humphrey Fall 2019 This project recognizes the significant role that the Eastern Market has played in establishing communities of varying timescales to the neighborhood. The Eastern Basket thus seeks to retain and provide for the existing market workforce through the provision of a variety of housing options. Launch spaces and multipurpose spaces for community engagement are also situated on the ground floor of the development to encourage interaction between the market workforce, the residents and the marketβs loyal customers. Through these thresholds of communal spaces, The Eastern Basket hopes to live up to its name - a vessel for the Eastern Marketβs treasured past and a hold-all that gathers all who come to it.
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At an urban scale, the form of The Eastern Basket locks into the existing urban grid and axial circulation flows that have enabled the market to operate as both a wholesale and retail market. By co-opting these axial flows for the weekend market circulation between Shed 3 and 5, as well as to lead up to the semi-private courtyard, the design introduces new meaning to them in relation to its new residents. The project is also cognizant of the urban grain and proportions of the warehouses surrounding the site in the introduction of the building mass and the interstitial spaces between them. At a more experiential level, re-purposed brick is used as the primary facade material to preserve and enhance the materiality of the site.
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A housing typology gradient is introduced across the site to encourage residents of different typologies to interact with communal spaces strategically situated where building masses intersect. Winter gardens, bars, function room spaces, seating areas and balconies at these communal space celebrate the act of communing and attract residents to the space.
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 36
37
38
The North and South-facing windows are differentiated in the amount of sharing provided. The former are articulated with White Anodized Steel Frame and Glass while the latter is detailed with corten steel frames protruding out of the brick facade. This allows as much sunlight to be brought into the space on the North mediate between the harsh afternoon sunlight from the South. Double height fixed windows also illuminate the common spaces of the co-living units to make these slightly deeper units more convivial. Double Laminated Insulating Glass was selected to ensure that the space within is well insulated given MichiganΓ’€™s cold winters. To tie into the context of the site, corten steel is used to demonstrate the history of the site as a working market. The patina of the material overtime will helps ensure that the project assimilates more into the site over time.
SECTION A
SECTION B 39
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TRANSGRESSING DICHOTOMIES Blurring boundaries between the Carceral State and society TCAUP Propositions Studio Instructors: Michael Murphy + Jeffrey Mansfield (MASS Design Group) Winter 2019
The Queensboro Facility in Long Island City, New York, is yet another assemblage of highly controlled spaces arranged and organized purely for the purpose of, not just maintaining a hegemonic power structure, but also establishing control over the behaviour and movement of the inmates. Suggesting a more humane response to this situation, my project attempts to blur these impenetrable and unyielding spatial and ideological boundaries. The project aims to do so by focusing on the idea of programming, the architectural form and the facade as means of envisioning this softening approach.
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TRANSGRESSING TRANSGRESSINGDICHOTOMIES DICHOTOMIES Blurring Blurringboundaries boundariesbetween betweenthe thecarceral carceralspace spaceand andthe thesociety society OnOn visiting visiting thethe Queensboro Queensboro Facility, Facility, I sensed I sensed how how it appropriately it appropriately represented represented thethe spatial spatial construct construct of of thethe typical typical correctional correctional facility facility in the in the USUS incarceration incarceration system. system. It was It was yetyet another another assemblage assemblage of highly of highly controlled controlled spaces, spaces, thatthat were were arranged arranged andand organized organized purely purely for for thethe purpose purpose of, of, notnot justjust maintaining maintaining a a hegemonic hegemonic power power structure, structure, butbut also also establishing establishing control control over over thethe behavior behavior andand movement movement of of thethe inmates. inmates. Suggesting Suggesting a more a more humane humane response response to to thisthis situation, situation, mymy project project attempts attempts to to blurblur these these impenetrable impenetrable andand unyielding unyielding spatial spatial andand ideological ideological boundaries. boundaries.
TheThe project project aims aims to to dodo so so by by focusing focusing on on thethe idea idea of of programming, programming, thethe architectural architectural form form an facade facade as as means means of envisioning of envisioning thisthis softening softening approach. approach. MyMy proposal proposal is guided is guided by by thethe understa unders thatthat a correctional a correctional facility facility at the at the very very endend of of a personβs a personβs incarcerated incarcerated lifelife hashas thethe potential potential to to intim in influence influence oneβs oneβs outlook outlook andand future future trajectory. trajectory. Such Such a construct a construct must must re-instill re-instill hope hope as as wellwell as as as of belonging. of belonging. It must It must afford afford an an inmate, inmate, coming coming from from an an extremely extremely regimented, regimented, controlled controlled andand exte e mandated mandated method method of living, of living, a more a more natural natural andand justjust transition transition intointo thethe freefree world. world. self self study study
watch watch movies movies game game nightnight
Students Students fromfrom other other academic academic institutions institutions
s te ps toeupt o ut
leisulereisure
s te ps toeupt o ut
leisulereisure
Employers Employers
worw k/osrtku/dsytudy e at e at sleesple+ebpa+thb+artehs+trest
Guest speakers Guest speakers
Existing Existing / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 1 1
worw k/osrtku/dsytudy attend attend self-development self-development class class
sleesple+ebpa+thb+artehs+trest
Projected Projected / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 1 1
Training volunteers Training volunteers
Family Family
e at e at
group group discussions discussions critical critical thinking thinking activities activities βcareer βcareer fairβ fairβ
group group discussions discussions critical critical thinking thinking activities activities βcareer βcareer fairβ fairβ
Neighborhood community Neighborhood community
Organisations/Universities Organisations/Universities
tech/electrical tech/electrical workshops workshops art workshops art workshops urban urban farming farming
yogayoga walkwalk in the in yard the yard gymgym gardening gardening
workwork release release hours hours visit visit family family attend attend classes classes outside outside
Existing Existing / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 2 2
Projected Projected / Typical / Typical dayday timeline: timeline: Case Case 2 2
entrance checkpoint 2307 sq ft entrance checkpoint 2307 sq ft
dining hall 2590 dining hall 2590
community space 1173 community space 1173 multipurpose room 1250 multipurpose room 1250
lecture room 7500 lecture room 7500
yard 6630 yard 6630
gym 5615 gym 5615
commissary 1210 commissary 1210 community health services community health services
parole office 370 parole office 370 facility offices 2285 facility offices 2285
visitor locker room 230 visitor locker room restriction230 room 170 restriction room 170 visitor processing 240 sq ft visitor processing 240 sq ft
staff shower area 370 staff shower area 370 staff gym 680 staff gym 680
day room
day room
tv room
guardβs room
guardβs room
sleeping+study space
sleeping+study space
staff housing 2145 staff housing 2145
tv room
guidance work space guidance 760 work space 760
The day in the life diagram, existing program analysis helped see typical current scenarios where the residents spent most of their time on their designated beds or in the day room and how that cycle can be broken with programming that encourages working closely with different significant agencies such as the families of the residents, local colleges and organizations, prospective employers, neighborhood community, to reach far beyond in trying to ease the transitioning process for the residents. The spatial reconfiguration diagram on the Private Private left helped reconfigure a seamless way to Existing Existing program program analysis analysisintensify interactions and enhance further showing showing a bandthwidth a bandthwidth levels levels of public-private of public-private and and formal-informal formal-informal interactions interactions and and scale scale the performance of the facility as a whole.
ORC office space ORC consultation office space consultation
A TYPICAL DAY IN THE LIFE ANALYSIS
Public Public
Fifth + Fifth Sixth+floors Sixth floors
bedbed space space study study space space
tv rooms tv rooms
tv room tv room
community community space space
guardβs guardβs room room
residential residential units units
shower shower + toilet + toilet
βteleβ βteleβ room room
Fourth Fourth floor floor
commissary commissary
gymgym
parole parole office office office office space space
community community health health services consultation consultation space spaceservices office office space space
42
consultation consultation space space telecom telecom room room
resident resident
training training room room lecture lecture room room staffstaff gymgym
group group study study spaces spaces individual individual study study spaces spaces
staffstaff units units
counsellors counsellors classrooms classrooms
health health services services office office space space ORC ORC
βcareer fairβ
Family
Neighborhood community Neighborhood community
Organisations/Universities Organisations/Universities tech/electrical workshops art workshops tech/electrical workshops urban farming art workshops
yoga walk in the yard yoga gym walk in the yard gardening gym
urban farming
gardening
work release hours visit family work release hours attend classesvisit outside family attend classes outside
Existing / Typical day timeline: Case 2 Existing / Typical day timeline: Case 2
entrance checkpoint sq ft entrance 2307 checkpoint 2307 sq ft
dining hall dining hall 2590 2590
community space community space 1173 1173 multipurpose room multipurpose1250 room 1250
gym gym 5615 5615
yard yard 6630 6630
lecture lectureroom room 7500 7500
commissary commissary 1210 1210 community health communityservices health services
parole office 370 parole office 370
visitor processing 240 sq ft visitor processing 240 sq ft
facility offices 2285 facility offices 2285
170
ORC
visitor locker room 230 visitor locker room 230 restriction room 170 restriction room
guidance work space guidance760 work space 760 staff shower area 370 staff shower area 370 staff gym 680 staff gym 680
day room
day room
tv room
tv room guardβs room
guardβs room
sleeping+study space
staff housing 2145
staff housing 2145 sleeping+study space
officeORC space consultation office space consultation
Projected / Typical day timeline: Case 2 Projected / Typical day timeline: Case 2
Public Public
Private Private
Existing program analysis Existing program analysis EXISTING PROGRAM
ANALYSIS
a bandthwidth levels of public-private and formal-informal interactions and scale showingshowing a bandthwidth levels of public-private and formal-informal interactions and scale
Sixth floors Fifth +Fifth Sixth+ floors
space bedbed space study space study space tv room tv room guardβs room guardβs room shower + toilet shower + toilet
residential units units residential
βteleβ room βteleβ room
Fourth floor Fourth floor
resident resident
officer/guards officer/guards
general staff general staff
family members
family members
program volunteers
program volunteers
commissary commissary parole office parole office office space office space consultation space consultation space office space office space consultation space consultation space telecom room telecom room training room training room lecture room lecture staffroom gym staffstaff gymshower area staffwork shower area space work space pantry
Establishing user-space analysis
EXISTING USER-SPACE ANALYSIS
gym gym community health community services health services
group groupstudy studyspaces spaces individual study spaces individual study spaces
staff units staff units
counsellors counsellors classrooms classrooms
health services health office services space office space ORC ORCspace office office space consultation consultation
multipurpose room multipurpose room classrooms classrooms
guidance room pantry storage/locker room guidance room storage/locker staff housingroom
Thirdhousing floor staff lecture room group study rooms lecture room lab computer group study multipurpose room rooms computer lab communityroom space multipurpose
library library
dining hall dining hall
Third floor
visitation space visitation space
kitchen
kitchen
community space
farm farm
Second floor
barber shop
Second floor
fire safety barber shop office fire facility safety offices office restriction facility offices room
restriction room First floor entrance checkpoint
First floor
Establishing user-space analysis
tvtvrooms rooms community communityspace space
visitor processing entrance checkpoint visitor locker room visitor processing kitchen visitor locker room service area kitchen dining hall service area gym dining hall yard gym music room yard
music room
facility offices commissary
facility offices
commissary
basketball court/community hall basketball court/community hall
yard
amphitheatre
yard
amphitheatre
workshops
workshops
Programming diagram
Programming diagram
PROGRAMMING DIAGRAM
43
47th AVENUE
4
4
4
4 3
4
1
2
4 4 4 4
4
4
4
4
4
5
4 7
6
4
8
Service entrance
2.
Processing area
3.
Main entrance lobby/waiting
4.
Office
5.
Goods entrance
6.
Storage
7.
Paperwork office
8.
Lobby
9.
Workshop
VAN DAM ST
1.
9 10
10. Amphitheater
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1 Service entrance 2 Processing area 3 Main entrance lobby / waiting 4 Office 5 Goods entrace 6 Storage 7 Paperwork office 8 Lobby 9 Workshop 10 Amphitheatre
FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 16ββ = 1β
existing structure Existing facility Existing facility Existing facility
44
Vertical stacking programs Vertical stacking of of programs Vertical stacking of programs
new vs. old Proposed form modification Proposed form modification Proposed form modification
placing cut outs Blurring ofform form Blurring Blurring ofofform 11 StepStep 1Step
28 28
28
27
28 31
28
31
31
29
29
30
28 31
30
31
31
31
27
Individual computer computer workstations workstations 28 Individual
Group Lounge Lounge 29 study/work 29 space
30
Individual study/work study/work space space 30 Individual
31
SIXTH FLOOR PLAN FIFTH FLOOR FLOOR PLANPLAN SCALE 1 / FIFTH 32ββ = 1β SCALE SCALE 1 / 32ββ 1 /=32ββ 1β = 1β
Group Group study/work space space 31 study/work
ROOF PLAN SIXTH FLOOR PLANPLAN SCALE 1SIXTH / 32ββ = 1β FLOOR SCALE SCALE 1 / 32ββ 1 /=32ββ 1β = 1β
14
16
15
ROOFROOF PLANPLAN SCALE SCALE 1 / 32ββ 1 /=32ββ 1β = 1β
27
21
23
13 25
22
26
11 12
17 27
17
18 19 11
Commons
12
Commissary
13
Storage room
14
Kitchen
15
Dining
16
Outdoor dining
17
Library
18
Multipurpose room
19
Visitation room
20
Basketball court/community hall
20
SECOND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 32ββ = 1β
Existing facility Existing Existing facility facility
Vertical stacking of programs Vertical Vertical stacking stacking ofofprograms programs
making cut outs more visible from outside Blurring of form Blurring Blurring ofofform form Step Step2Step 2 2
22
21
Multipurpose/workshop room
22
Learning spaces
23
Counselling offices
24
Terrace farms
THIRD FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 32ββ = 1β
Proposed form modification Proposed Proposed form form modification modification
activating internal circulation Internal circulation Internal Internal circulation circulation
24
25
Gym
28
Ind
26
Entertainment rooms
29
Lo
27
Guard room
30
Ind
FOURTH FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1 / 32β = 1β
FIFTH SCAL
Blurring of form Blurring Blurring ofofform form Step Step1Step 1 1
facade articulation Facade, accessibility and visibility Facade, Facade, accessibility accessibility and and visibility visibility system Open OpenOpen system system
45
My proposal is guided by the understanding that a correctional facility at the very end of a personβs incarcerated life has the potential to intimately influence oneβs outlook and future trajectory. Such a construct must re-instill hope as well as a sense of belonging. It must afford an incarcerated person, coming from an extremely regimented, controlled and SECTION B externally mandated method of living, a more SCALE 1 / 16ββ = 1β natural and just transition into the free world.
roof top gardens semi-private courtyard
sunk open workshop
TION A LE 1 / 16ββ = 1β
46
roof top gardens indoor community hall
family visitation workshop
47
THE EARLY DETENTION In an atmosphere of World War II hysteria, President Roosevelt, encouraged by officials at all levels of the federal government, authorized the internment of tens of thousands of American citizens of Japanese ancestry and resident aliens from Japan. RooseveltΓ’€™s Executive Order 9066, dated February 19, 1942, gave the military broad powers to ban any citizen from a fifty- to sixty-mile-wide coastal area stretching from Washington state to California and extending inland into southern Arizona. The order also authorized transporting these citizens to assembly centers hastily set up and governed by the military in California, Arizona, Washington state, and Oregon. Although it is not well known, the same executive order (and other war-time orders and restrictions) were also applied to smaller numbers of residents of the United States who were of Italian or German descent. For example, 3,200 resident aliens of Italian background were arrested and more than 300 of them were interned. About 11,000 German residentsΓ’€”including some naturalized citizensΓ’€”were arrested and more than 5000 were interned. Yet while these individuals (and others from those groups) suffered grievous violations of their civil liberties, the war-time measures applied to Japanese Americans were worse and more sweeping, uprooting entire communities and targeting citizens as well as resident aliens.
48
Executive Order 9066: Ten weeks after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the order authorized the Army to evacuate any persons they considered a threat to national security. As a result, over 120,000 Japanese Americans were forced to relocate to one of ten different internment camps around the United States.
04
Architecture of Prisons Summer Internship 2019 MASS Design Group, Boston Research and Design Intern Team: Jeffrey Mansfield (Design Director) Kemper Fagan, Danielle Koplitz (Summer Interns) Γ’€œThere is no more obvious an example of a space shaping behavior than in the architecture of prisons.Γ’€? The work over the summer began by creating a massive database of over 1800 state and federal prison facilities, which included information on the year it was built, location, site and unit typologies, overall site area, capacity versus current number of residents, their spatial qualities, the name of the architect and so on. The publication aims to highlight stories, facts and themes around the issue of mass incarceration in America, a topic less considered as an object of study. Through foundational historical essays, case studies, photo essays, guest contributions, and conversations, the book seeks to unpack the prison as a social construct, as well as attempts to develop the vocabulary required to address architectural injustice.
49
THE ROAD FROM SLAVERY - PRISONS- CAPITALISM
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1871 cpty: 1165/2947
1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
Prison labor very clearly shows its resemblance to the practise of slavery in the United States. Even with the early abolishment of slavery in the country, private agencies began to hire convicts as a form of punishment in order to make up for the loss of slave workers. It is often justified as a way to rehabilitate but often revolves around the idea of reducing production/labor costs for the NTS NTS 1833-1857 Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison government and private sector. 1833-1857 cpty: cpty: Alton, Alton, IL IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
offenders earn market wages in private sector jobs
Prisoner labor union strikes 1β=1000β 1β=1000β Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL Chain
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
1978 1978
cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881 gangscpty:
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
certifies that the prison industry program meets necessary reqirements to be exempt from federal restrictions on prison made goods in interstate commerce
Convict leasing system which banned slavery and involuntary servitude βexcept as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.β
International slavery was abolished increased the demand for locally traded slaves. The South hired more number of slaves to manage their surplus cotton production in the region 1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1937 cpty: 351
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1800
1β=1000β 1β=1000β transportation of prison-made 1980 1980 East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: legalized 1318/1470 1318/1470 East East Moline, Moline, IL IL across state lines goods
formation of the Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP)
a group of prisoners chained together to perform menial or physically challenging work as a form of punishment
Federal Prison Industries (UNICOR) was setup
Reconstruction Era 1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1850
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
Industrial Revolution I
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
Prison boom
that allowed manufacturing of goods for the government 1β=500β 1β=500β
1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
1900
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
1950
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
2000
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019
Industrial Revolution II
drove industrialization/manufacturing in the Northeast
Civil War
(from 1765)
American Revolution
The Thirteenth Amendment of the US Constitution
marks the period when the Europeans first colonised the North American continent and introduced international slavery as a means to get rid of shortage of labor 1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1972 cpty: 237/248
1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
cpty:
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL
1985 1724/1864
1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740
it banned slavery and involuntary servitude βexcept as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.β This led to building of more prisons and leasing prisoners to labor-hungry capitalists 1β=1500β 1β=1500β Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963
1β=500β 1β=500β Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL
The New Deal
Immigration Reform and Control Act
a series of programs instituted during the Great Depression that aimed to restore prosperity, stabilize the economy and provide jobs and relief to those suffering
laws that favored racial profiling and zero tolerance, introduced the decrease in farm workers who feared deportation and discrimination (farmworkers from Mexico that made up 70% of the nationβs agricultural workforce)
Hawes-Cooper Act 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β out of 1984 the competition between the 1984 Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional stemmed Center Center Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628 Vienna, Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL IL IL prison industry and theVienna, free market. It prohibit-
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Danville, Danville, IL IL
1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864
3
2
ed sale of any goods made in prisons of another state
Ashurst-Sumners Act
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
Themes in Incarceration
mandated the labeling of prison-made goods. It prohibited the ransportation of prison products to any state in violation of the laws of the state
1β=500β 1β=500β Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
βSing Sing and Ossining: Prison and Village.β Paved with Good Intentions: Origins of the New York Penitentiary, December 8, 2016. https://nyprisonorigins. com/dan/sing-sing-and-ossining-prison-andvillage/. βFolsom State Prison Quarry Work.β Calisphere. Sacramento Public Library. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://calisphere.org/item/ e02325d8efd9b3362b0169482c21199c/.
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
Browne, Jaron, and Jaron Browne. βRooted in Slavery: Prison Labor Exploitation.β Rooted in Slavery: Prison Labor Exploitation | Reimagine! Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.reimaginerpe.org/node/856.
Maine State Prison, Thomaston Prison Quarry: The prison opened in 1824 and was a series of 60 feet holes dug in the ground, with a 3 feet square aperture that were covered with iron grates. The residents were made to labor int he stone quarry on the prison property.
1909
βSutori.β Sutori. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.sutori.com/story/ history-of-florida-prison-labor-ef8bmkxf5oJ6RXCTu5Eva963. Goyanes, Rob. βThe Secret History of Florida Prison Labor.β The New Tropic, January 6, 2016. https://thenewtropic.com/prison-laborflorida/.
1910
1β=1000β Ohio Penitentiary Columbus, OH
1818/1834 cpty: 5235
1β=1000β Southeastern Correctional Institution Lancaster, OH
1856/1990 cpty: 1593
1β=1000β Ohio State Reformatory Mansfield, OH
1896 cpty: XXXX
1β=1000β Pickaway Correctional Institution Orient, OH
1984 cpty: 2088
1β=1000β Allen Correctional Institution Lima, OH
1987 cpty: 1645
1β=1500β Correctional Reception Center Orient, OH
Nevada State Prison: The west side of the prison consists of a NTS NTS 1833-1857 1833-1857 Illinois Illinois State Prison Prison sheer wall thatState marks the boundary of the cpty: cpty: Alton, Alton, IL IL sandstone quarry on the property. In 1860, the construction of the Stateβs Capitol employed all available prison labor to extract stone from the quarry.
1987 cpty: 1500
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL
1904 1β=1000β 1β=1000β Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center 1912 Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
1β=1000β 1β=1000β East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470
1912 1910
1912
1905
1911
1912
Rail works scene in Western North Carolina
1908
1912 1β=1000β Orient Correctional Institution Orient, OH
1902 cpty: 1724
1β=1000β London Correctional Institution London, OH
1912 cpty: 2500
1β=1000β Lima (Oakwood) Correctional Institution Lima, OH
1915 XXXX
1β=1000β Dayton Correctional Institution Dayton, OH
1987 cpty: 938
1β=1500β Madison Correctional Institute London, OH
1β=1500β 1987 Ross Correctional Institution cpty: 2258 Chillicothe, OH
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1987 cpty: 2037
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
1β=500β 1β=500β Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429
1825: The location of Sing Sing in New York state was deliberately chosen due to its locale, being constructed directly in the middle of an existing large marble quarry
1916 cpty: 2011
1β=1500β Chillicothe Correctional Institution Chillicothe, OH
1917 cpty: 2950
1β=1500β Marion Correctional Institution Marion, OH
1954 cpty: 2623
1β=1000β Grafton Correctional Institution Grafton, OH
1988 cpty: 2074
1β=500β Northeast Reintegration Center (Women) Cleveland, OH
1988 cpty: 590
1β=1000β Warren Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL
1989 cpty: 1328
1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019
1917: State Convict Road Force, also known as βchain gangsβ
San Quentin State Prison: The Califronian laws did not permit state
1β=1000β Ohio Reformatory for Women Marysville, OH
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
In North Carolina, under the convict leasing system, many residents worked in rock quarries,
convicts to labor on roads, except within six1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1500β 1β=500β 1965 1965 Peoria Vienna Vienna Correctional Center Centerprison Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center miles Correctional of San Quentin cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963 Peoria, Vienna, Vienna, IL IL Peoria, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248
1β=1000β 1β=1000β built stateβs roads and railways. A system of 1984 1984 Shawnee 1984 1984 Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center mobile camps from cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Vienna, Vienna,were IL IL developed that moved
worksite to worksite
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Danville, Danville, IL IL
1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864
construction
1960 cpty: 2465
1β=1500β Southern Ohio Correctional Facility Lucasville, OH
1973 cpty: 1330
1β=1000β Hocking Correctional Facility Ward, OH
1982 cpty: 481
1β=1000β Lorain Correctional Institution Grafton, OH
1990 cpty: 1089
1β=1500β Mansfield Correctional Institution Mansfield, OH
1β=1000β 1990 Collins Correctional Facility cpty: 2523 Collins, NY
1982 cpty: 1700
Themes in Incarceration
1900: This image shows several inmates at work in one of Folsom Prisonβs lower yard quarry. The State of California was a pioneer in the use of convict labor for profit, selling crushed rock to the public for a low price
1β=1000β Lebanon Correctional Institution Lebanon, OH
11
10
extraction
Reconstruction Era
1850
1900
Industrial Revolution I 1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
The Southeast United States: The mild subtropical climate, plentiful rainfall, fertile soils allowed the flourishing of large plantations, where large numbers of enslaved Africans were held captive as slave labor and forced to farm
Convict leasing system
The states (years unknown for some) that began heavily investing in prison labor for building roadways within state and highways that run inter-
1800
1β=500β 1β=500β Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
Chain gangs
Land development
1950
2000
Industrial Revolution II 1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Civil War Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL
The Thirteenth Amendment of the US Constitution
IMMIGRATION LAWS AND THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Initiative, Prison Policy. βHow Much Do Incarcerated People Earn in Each State?β Prison Policy Initiative. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.prisonpolicy. org/blog/2017/04/10/wages/.
IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT States that faced shortage in the supply of migrant workers as a result of the anti-immigrant policies Glossbrenner Unit
1994 cpty: 612
Gist Unit
1994 cpty: 2276
Allred Unit
1995 cpty: 3722
Johnston Unit
1995 cpty: 612
Connally Unit
1995 cpty: 2148
Halbert Unit
1995 cpty: 612
NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL
1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
1β=1000β 1β=1000β East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470
Out of the 1.2 million workers employed by the agricultural industry, 70% are undocumented
Diboli Unit
1995 cpty: 518
Bradshaw Unit
1995 cpty: 1980
Cole Unit
1995 cpty: 900
Dominguez Unit
1995 cpty: 2276
Hutchins Unit
cpty:
1995 2276
Lindsey Unit
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1995 cpty: 1031
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
An excerpt from the 1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Immigration Reform Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
and Control At, 1986 highlighting the section that prohibits the recruitment of unauthorized aliens
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
1β=500β 1β=500β Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
EEOC Home Page. Accessed August 15, 2019. https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/history/35th/ thelaw/irca.html.
1995 cpty: 1224
Dalhart Unit
1995 cpty: 1398
Willacy County Unit
1995 cpty: 1069
Plane/Santa Maria Baby Bonding Unit
1995 cpty 2276:
Formby Unit
1995 cpty: 1100
Wheeler Unit
cpty:
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL
1995 576
1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963
1β=500β 1β=500β Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248
50
1995 cpty: 2872
Moore, B Unit
1995 cpty: 500
Segovia Unit
1995 cpty: 1224
LeBlanc Unit
1995 cpty 1224
Murray Unit
1995 cpty: 1341
By year
Themes in Incarceration
Telford Unit
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1984 1984
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
Migrant agricultural workers kept out of the US by tough immigration laws are now being replaced by prison labor
Abbott, Chuck. βTo Meet Farm-Labor Shortages, Idaho Puts Inmates on the Job.β Successful Farming. Successful Farming, October 19, 2017. https://www.agriculture. com/news/to-meet-farm-labor-shortages-idahoputs-inmates-on-the-job.
1β=500β 1β=500β Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
Minimum wage inside
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL
21
βtxβ
$3-$4/hr
cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019 The food system in the country relies heavily on cheap labor. Historically, agriculture has suppressed wages and denied workerβs protection by employing workers from vulnerable groups, specifically undocumented migrants. These usually consist of workers recruited from Mexico and other parts of Latin America. Following the passing of the Immigration Act in 1986, it diminished the supply of migrant workers leaving the farmers with a loss of labor. States such as Arizona, Idaho, Washington that are heavily invested in growing labor-intensive crops like onions, apples and tomatoes, the prison systems have stepped up and responded to the situation by leasing convicts1β=1000β to farmers who are in need for cheap 1β=1000β 1985 1985 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center labor of1682/2151 their farms. Inadequate regulations have cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL posed several challenges for the workers; long hours, repetitive motion injuries, extreme temperatures and humidity levels and exposure to caustic chemicals. The incarcerated population employed on this job are not legally considered to be βemployeesβ which further means that they are excluded from basic protection rights under the National Labor Acts.
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL
20
Moore, C Unit
1983 1983
$11/hr Minimum wage outside
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
WAVES OF IMMIGRATION HISTORY
Period of Immigration Reform
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1400
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1500
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
1600
1700
Native Americans
1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
1β=500β 1β=500β Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
1800
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1900
prime focus on βcrime and drugsβ
βThe Reagan Yearsβ detention of hundreds of thousands of undocumented aliens in the case of an unspecified national emergency
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
38,106
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
2000 (now)
1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963
Center Center
1β=500β 1β=500β Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL
The Indian Relocation Act
1β=1000β 1β=1000β
1β=1000β 1β=1000β
1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center US-Mexican War CenterMexican cpty: cpty: Revolution 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628
The first law implemented that prevented members of a specific ethnic/national group from immigrating. The law lasted for twenty years
1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA)
an act designed to enforce and improve border controls by imposing penalties for smuggling, creation of fradulent immigrationrelated documents. It also allowed for the deportation of undocumented 1β=500β 1β=500β 1972 1972 Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center immigrants cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248 Peoria, Peoria, IL IL
1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963
Oklahoma City bombings
Resisting to extreme poverty and racism, millions of African Americans move to the Indstrial North in search of better economic opportunities
The Great Migration
It authorized for a limited period of time the admission into the United States of 200,000 certain European displaced persons for permanent residence
founded under the administration of George W. Bush, following the events of 9/11 in 2001. principally 1β=2000β 1β=2000β responsible for enforcing 1983 1983 Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529 Dixon, Dixon, IL IL strict immigration laws, preventing terrorism and combating illegal movement of people and goods
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284
Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
Japanese American Internment
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL
1β=500β 1β=500β Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284
1β=1000β 1β=1000β East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
(2018)
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
1β=500β 1β=500β Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470
seclusion
the countryβs orimary border control organization; facilitates collecting import duties, enforcing US regulations, customs, immigration
βZero Toleranceβ Policy The Trump administration has separated families at the southwest border hoping harsh treatment would help deter immigration numbers
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019
THE RISE OF IMMIGRATION REFORM
Customs Border Protection (CBP)
The Reagan years (since 1980) brought the βmilitarizationβ of the southern border and of immigration enforcement in general. The federal government worked out a βcontingency planβ for the βdetention of hundreds of thousands of undocumented aliens in the case of an unspecified 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1985 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Centerwho are not1985 Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center national emergencyβ and of βaliens in cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, IL IL conformity with their immigration status.β Hence, there was a shortage of detention space. The main enforcement strategy of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) was heavily influenced by the rhetorical and political focus on crime and drugs. Post the Oklahoma City bombings (1995), The Clinton administration signed into law the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA). These laws drastically expanded the categories of crimes for which immigrants who had become legal residents were βdeportableβ and subject to βmandatory detention.β
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL
1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
1β=500β 1β=500β Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
Displaced Persons Act
It forced relocation and prosecution of Japanede Americans along the west coat in concentration camps during the World War II 1β=1500β 1β=1500β
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
unknown
The laws mandated the increased detention of aslyum seekers and through βexpedited removalβ, allowed immigration officers the authority to return asylum seekers ecoutered at the various entry points
Chinese Exclusion Act
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL multiplicity
Enforcement (ICE)
1995 1β=1500β 1β=1500β Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
(2003) Immigration and Customs
1996: Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) an act that was passed to 1β=1000β 1β=1000β fight tourism, provide justice 1937 1937 Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit cpty: 351 351 Pontiac, Pontiac, IL ILfor the victims, effective cpty: death penalties following the bombings in New York and Oklahoma
World Trade Center bombings
The Indian Removal Act
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
shortage of detention space
βThe Clinton Administrationβ
Slave Trade Act
Removed the Native Americans to various reservation lands and futher from reservation lands into urban centers throughout America
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL
1993
Upto 10.8 million Africans arrived in America through the import of slaves. This act outlawed the forced importation of Africans as slaves
1β=500β 1β=500β Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:
Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL
https://herb.ashp.cuny. edu/exhibits/show/ mexican-immigration
first colonisations by the Europeans
United States acquires California, New Mexico, Arizona, 1β=1500β 1β=1500β 1β=1500β Nevada, Utah, Colorado which were 1941 a1941 part1β=1500β of theCorrectional larger Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna Vienna Correctional cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL territory; 90% remain Vienna, Vienna, IL IL Mexican in1558/2740 these new territories
Immigration Reform and Control Act NTS NTS
2017
large scale migrations of African Americans up north
Following the Mexican Revolution, thousands of Mexican immigrated to the southwest of United States, looking forward to the new labor opportunities in agriculture
6,785
The Railroad Escape African Americans
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470
2015
1β=1000β 1β=1000β East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL
28,449
30,295 1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
Germans, Irish
2007
Japanese
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
Europeans https://www.nationalgeographic. org/thisday/jun7/treaty-
vastness
22,975
1986 1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
2006
slaves ashore in the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia
The Treaty of Tordesillas: divided the βNew Worldβ between two superpowers, Spain and Portugal
Chinese
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
20,251
The Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes, used by over 30,000 African American slaves to escape free states and 1871 1871 Canada, cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947 Mexicocpty: or overseas
1β=1000β 1β=1000β into Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
2001
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
9,011
1β=1000β 1β=1000β a Dutch ship Joilet Joiletwhen Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL brought 20 African
border control
Mexicans
1994
1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:
inspecting foreigners at the port of entries, screening applications for permanent residencies, change of status and naturalisation
European victims of Nazi persecution
1996
Slavery in America started in 1619,
NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL
mass rapid building of detention centers by private organisations
(1933-2003) The Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
Northern Traingle
Mid 19th century saw the rise of Chinese immigrants in the West Coast for agricultural, mining, railroad construction and other low skilled job opportunities https://www. migrationpolicy.org/ article/chinese-
http://www.dialoguesonimmigration.org/immigration-history/
THE RISE OF MEXICAN IMMIGRATION
ist throughout; at the1β=1000β levels 1β=500β 1β=500β 1β=1000β 1983 1983 Lincoln Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center of the state, cpty: cpty: city 327/429 327/429 Lincoln, Chicago, Chicago, IL IL Lincoln, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
boundaries that are meant to exist at the borders, now ex-
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
government, contract and service detention centers family detention centers
Map of Mexico, 1822, before the US Mexican
Border Field State Park, Imperial, California https://www.flickr.com/photos/ whsieh78/25221410846/in/ photostream/
1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740
1β=500β 1β=500β Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963
War
1β=500β 1β=500β Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
U.S.-Mexico border wall in Nogales, Arizona
Point of Entry at El Paso, Texas
https://slate.com/news-andpolitics/2019/02/trump-borderwall-nogales-arizona-razor-wire. html
http://www.msnbc.com/rachelmaddow-show/trump-touts-wallcity-isnt-the-border-doesnthave-wall
1β=1500β 1β=1500β 1978 1978 Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center https://www.dailymail.co.uk/ cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284 Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
news/article-6678441/Borderofficials-defend-new-rows-razorwire-fence-Nogales.html
FAMILY DETENTION CENTER
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
These centers mostly consist of mothers and their children. They are made to wear prison like uniforms, jumpsuits and are made to live in poor, unhygienic cells and common areas. The families are subjected to highly restricted movement and threatened with family separation if the child cries or misbehaves.
Family Detention Centers
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151
1β=1000β 1β=1000β A section of the fence 1985 1985 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 between Brownsville and Danville, Danville, IL IL
McAllen, Texas http://www.msnbc.com/rachelmaddow-show/trump-touts-wallcity-isnt-the-border-doesnthave-wall
http://www. sonofthesouth.net/
1β=1500β 1β=1500β mexican-war/mexicanSheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL
war-map.htm
1941 1941 cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Vienna Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1965 1965 cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963
1β=500β 1β=500β Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Peoria, Peoria, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248
*The JohnsonReed Act of 1924 established national quotas based on the percentage of
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL
foreign born from a
1β=500β 1β=500β particular Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult country Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
An average of 45 migrant children are ripped from their families per day and placed in detention centers. The βzero-toleranceβ immigration policy by the Trump administration was intended to ramp-up criminal prosecution of unauthorised immigrant parents travelling with their childern. The adults were separated from their children and kept in isolation in these detention centers.
Minor Detention Centers
The entire Western Hemisphere including
1β=1000β Mexico 1β=1000β was exempt from the quotas in 1983 1983 Lincoln 1984 1984 Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center the immigration to the cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429 cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019 Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL act* of 1924 duecpty:
lobbying of agricultural workers. Farmers in the south west of United States argued
6.9
12.2
5.5
10.5
8.6
When Texas became a state in 1845, the United States government soldiers entered the Mexican territory and took nearly half of their territory, or what became the states of New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah and Colorado
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470
Increasing conerns over the rising visibility of that without Mexican immigrants, they unauthorized Mexican immigrants have existed would be unable to find the laborers that were required to sow and harvest crops. all throughout. In 1976, several strategies were They made up less than one thirds of formalised in order to limit the yearly immigrant the migrant population in the country visas yearly, permitting family reunifications only and were specifically percieved as between spouses, unmarried minor children βtemporary migrantsβ who were far more likely to return to Mexico than to settle and parents of adult US citizens. This restriction permanently in the United States. led to the accelerated pace of unauthorized entries. With the enactment of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the migratory process was turned into a permanent settlement north of the border which deterred the seasonal circular migration and increased the number of 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1985 1985 1984 1984 Shawnee 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center unauthorized Mexican immigrants hadIL cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628who cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, ILlittle chouce bu tto stay, live an isolated and fear-filled lives in the United States. Immigration laws such as The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), The Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA), and The Personal Responsibility and Number of unauthorized Numbers that show Mexicans Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in immigrants in the US are no longer the majority 1996, the βenforcement and removalβ campaigns declined over the past by ICE in 2012, βzero tolerance policyβ by Donald decade https://www.pewresearch. Trump in 2018 - were enacted that empowered org/fact-tank/2019/06/12/ the Border Patrol to admit, detain and deport, us-unauthorized-immigrantanyone seen approaching at the border. Today, population-2017/ we see a sharp decline in the numbers of Mexican https://oxfordre. unauthorized immigrants in the country over the com/americanhistory/ 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1986 1986 Western 1989 1989 Illinois 1989 1989 Hill Hill Correctional Center Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center pastCorrectional decade.Center americanhistory/view/10.1093/ 5.3
4.9
2.0
3.5
1.5
cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
1β=500β 1β=500β Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
2005
Correctional Correctional Center Center
family detention centers
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
2017
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
actually-lobbied-congressfor-mexican-immigration-
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
2010
1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
2005
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
2000
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
1995
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
1990
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
https://timeline.com/ when-american-farmerswanted-cheap-labor-the-
2000
Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
(Dorothea Lange/FSA via Library of Congress)
1995
cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
Today, with the formalization of several immigration laws and stricter border securities, we are invariably surrounded by borders of various forms: Fence- pedestrain/vehicle barriers 1β=1000β 1β=1000β Wall 1980 1980 East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470 Airport customs East East Moline, Moline, IL IL Immigration offices Courts CCTV/video surveillance Metal detectors
Migrant laborers harvest carrots in Californiaβs Imperial Valley, 1930s.
1990
The US-Mexico border has a total of 42 border crossings that run along the states of California, Arizona, New 1β=1000β 1β=1000β and Texas 1921 1921 Stateville Stateville
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Mexico Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
BORDERS AROUND US
The US-Canada border has approximately 120 border crossings that run along the border. They consists of roadway entry points, railway entry points as well as ferry entry points
Mexican Immigration to the United States officially began in 1848, following the US-Mexico War. Mexican men with extensive mining experience entered Californiaβs fields and mines when gold was disovered in one of the mills in the state. They further moved onto other extractive industries, mostly copper and coal. From 1900-1930, they helped build railroads, constructed irrigation channels that transformed the arid deserts of the West into farmlands. In Texas, they also helped in picking cotton and tending livestock. Women worked in1β=1000β homes NTS NTS 1β=1000β 1833-1857 1833-1857 Joilet Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center as domestic workers, restaurants, cpty: cpty: hotels Alton, Alton, IL IL Joilet, Joilet, and IL IL laundries. The history of Mexican immigration is best characterized by the movement of unskilled, cheap, manual labor pushed by poverty and unemployment into the American labor markets.
2017
Political border is a line that helps separate geographic areas. They outline the area that defines a specific governing body that creates and enforces laws within its borders. Most countries have military enforcement along their borders that ensure keeping invaders out, protecting resources and several socio-economic communities. The United States has constantly argued for the need to tackle its border issue, especially along the US-1β=1000β NTS NTS 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Mexico border. The border holds1833-1857 varying cpty: cpty: Joilet, Alton, Alton, IL IL Joilet, IL IL spatial qualities from regulated border conditions with the building of the fence along its different sections, the Rio Grande river surrounded by farmlands, sand dunes and natural lakes that seem like a more environmental border condition.
2010
SPATIALIZING THE BORDER
cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175
Canton, Canton, IL IL
cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
1β=1000β 1β=1000β East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019
acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/ acrefore-9780199329175-e-146
Young children from Honduras, seen here on a caravan, hoping to reach the US border, 2018 https://www.thenation.com/ article/central-americamigrant-crisis-foreignpolicy-trump/ https://www.cfr.org/ backgrounder/centralamericas-violent-northerntriangle
NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL
1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Menard Menard Correctional Correctional Center Center Menard, Menard, IL IL
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 2213/3881 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Graham Graham Correctional Correctional Center Center Hillsboro, Hillsboro, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 1500/2013
1β=1000β 1β=1000β East East Moline Moline Correctional Correctional Center Center East East Moline, Moline, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1318/1470 1318/1470
NTS NTS Illinois Illinois State State Prison Prison Alton, Alton, IL IL
1833-1857 1833-1857 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Joilet Joilet Correctional Correctional Center Center Joilet, Joilet, IL IL
1857-2002 1857-2002 cpty: cpty:
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Correctional Correctional Center Center Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1871 1871 cpty: cpty: 1165/2947 1165/2947
Mexico (42%) Northern Triangle (46%) Honduras
El Salvador Guatemala 1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
3 and the third in Pennsylvania
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
1β=1500β 1β=1500β Logan Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1β=500β 1β=500β combined capacity of the three 1965 1965 Peoria Peoria Adult Adult Transition Transition facilities out of whichPeoria, The South Texas cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963 Peoria, IL IL Family Residential Center in Texas holds upto 1,628 family members (as of June 18, 2019)
1978 1978 cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284
1β=2000β 1β=2000β Dixon Dixon Correctional Correctional Center Center Dixon, Dixon, IL IL
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 2051/2529 2051/2529
1β=500β 1β=500β Crossroads Crossroads Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Chicago, Chicago, IL IL
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429
These centers mostly consist of mothers and their children. They are made to wear prison like uniforms, jumpsuits and are made to live in poor, unhygienic cells and common areas. The families are subjected to highly restricted movement and are threatened with family separation if the child cries or misbehaves.
3,326
1β=1500β 1β=1500β 1β=1500β 1β=1500β active family detention facilities in 1941 1941 Vienna Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 of1558/2740 them in Texas Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL the country with two Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1β=500β 1β=500β Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Aurora, Aurora, IL IL
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
Center Center
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1972 1972 cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Lincoln Lincoln Correctional Correctional Center Center Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1007/1019 1007/1019
South Texas Family Residential Center, Dilley, Texas https://www.dvidshub.net/ image/1919795/photos-southtexas-family-residential-center
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Danville Danville Correctional Correctional Center Center Danville, Danville, IL IL
1985 1985 cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 Canton, Canton, IL IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Vandalia Vandalia Correctional Correctional Center Center Vandalia, Vandalia, IL IL
1921 1921 cpty: cpty: 1222/1770 1222/1770
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Stateville Stateville Correctional Correctional Center Center Joliet, Joliet, IL IL
1925 1925 cpty: cpty: 2674/3759 2674/3759
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Pontiac Pontiac Medium Medium Security Security Unit Unit Pontiac, Pontiac, IL IL
1937 1937 cpty: cpty: 351 351
THE NORTHERN TRIANGLE AND THEIR ROAD NORTH El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras have been ranked among the most violent countries in the world. The countries were rocked by civil wars in the 1980s that caused the formation of gangs, drug-trafficking, lack of a strong governance body, lack of equal rights, corruption and wide scale violence across regions. Most of the citizens 1β=1500β 1β=1500β 1β=1500β 1β=1500β and in hopeCorrectional of seeking refuge from the violence 1941 1941 Vienna Sheridan Sheridan Correctional Center Center Vienna Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1558/2740 1558/2740 Sheridan, Sheridan, IL IL Vienna, Vienna, IL IL insecurity, for better economic and educational opportunities have been migrating north to the United States. The United States has offered substantial aid to the Central American efforts to address criminal violence, it is also the one of their major clients of drug consumption. All of these challenges coupled with the poor relief systems to combat post disaster conditions, makes it extremely difficult for the citizens to remain hopeful for a better tomorrow. Over the last decade, there have been news reports of migrant βcaravanasβ traveling toward the United States. The reason most of these migrants choose to travel in larger groups is to be able to share 1β=500β 1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1500β resources, avoid cost of smugglers and gain 1972 1972 Logan Fox Fox Valley Valley Adult Adult Transition Transition Center Center Logan Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 128/130 128/130 Aurora, Aurora, IL IL Lincoln, Lincoln, IL IL protection by the safety offered in numbers.
1983 1983 cpty: cpty: 327/429 327/429
WHY ARE PEOPLE FLEEING THE NORTHERN TRIANGLE COUNTRIES?
1979-92: El Salvador
1965 1965 1960-96: cpty: cpty: 1127/1963 1127/1963 Guatemala
civil wars between the military-led government and the leftist guerilla groups that killed several thousands of civilians dead, gave access to a large pool of unemployed men easy access to weapons that led to the formation of several criminal groups, especially in El Salvador. Many of 1β=500β 1β=500β them with Mexican drug-1972 1972 Peoria Peoriawere Adult Adultassociated Transition Transition Center Center cpty: cpty: 237/248 237/248 Peoria, Peoria, IL IL organizations, domestic trafficking crime groups, street gangs, transnational gangs.
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Jacksonville Jacksonville Correctional Correctional Center Center Jacksonville, Jacksonville, IL IL
The Northern countries, historically, have had weaker institutions of governance, corruption and a legacy of autocratic rule. Several state institutions and programs are underfunded due to lower tax rates, diminishing resources and a lack of political will and capacity. Due to the increasing numbers of several gangs, the country 1β=1000β 1β=1000β has experienced high homicide 1985 1985 1984 1984 Danville Danville Correctional Correctional and Center Centergeneral cpty: cpty: 1724/1864 1724/1864 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 1682/2151 Danville, Danville, IL IL crime rates. The region has also been subject to varying climatic conditions and as a result been exposed to natural disasters, especially earthquakes and droughts.
1984 1984 cpty: cpty: 1133/1628 1133/1628
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Shawnee Shawnee Correctional Correctional Center Center Vienna, Vienna, IL IL
1986 1986 cpty: cpty: 1698/1867 1698/1867
Better economic opportunities. Better educational opportunities. Better life security. To seek the asylum policy that allows them to remain in the United States as they await a decision on their cases. Family reunification with foreign-born family 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1989 1989 Illinois 1989 1989 Western Western Illinois Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center Illinois River River Correctional Correctional Center Center cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 1533/2175 cpty: 1770/2338 1770/2338 members residing in the Mount Mount Sterling, Sterling, IL IL Canton, Canton, IL IL United States. cpty:
Homicides per 100,000 people 100 80
El Salvador
60
Honduras
WHY ARE THEY ATTRACTED TO THE UNITED STATES?
40
Guatemala
20
2000
2005
2010
2015
Northern Triangle Homicide Source: World Bank
1β=1000β 1β=1000β
1978 1978 Centralia Centralia Correctional Correctional Center Center https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R45489.pdf cpty: cpty: 1657/2284 1657/2284 Centralia, Centralia, IL IL
1980 1980 cpty: cpty: 1281/1572 1281/1572
1β=1000β 1β=1000β Hill Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Galesburg, Galesburg, IL IL
51
Publication Website 52
05
Robot Survey Documenting Robotic species Thesis Preparation Studio Publication Team: Karun Chughasrani, Julia Jeffs, Da Eun Lee, Linda Lee, Beiyi Ma, Abirami Manivannan, Andrea Marquez, Yousun Nam, Harshwardhan Saini, Asya Shine, Tristan Snyder, Victoria Yu Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are cruising around your hometown this very minute and cities are planning as if they will be a daily fixture in the near future. While seemingly inevitable, the question of how AVs and other urban robotics become situated in cities is up for grabs. Or, more precisely, yet to be designed. We undertook a survey of the diversity of robotic βspeciesβ in 2019 and have captured our findings in this free pamphlet. Though it is not exhaustive, we have sought to represent the robotic zeitgeist by documenting 83 different devices. By providing measured drawings and basic details of each robot, our intention is to pull these much-hyped technologies back βdown to earthβ where we can do the work of imagining their impacts on people and cities.
53
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=500β Crossroads Chicago, I
1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1000β Shawnee Co Vienna, IL
1β=1000β Western Il Mount Ster
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1857-2002 cpty:
1871 cpty: 1165/2947
1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1β=1000β Graham Cor Hillsboro,
1937 cpty: 351
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL 1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL 1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL 1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL
cpty:
1985 1724/1864
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1972 cpty: 237/248
1β=1000β Western Il Mount Ster
1925 2674/3759
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=1000β Shawnee Co Vienna, IL
1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1972 cpty: 237/248
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1937 cpty: 351
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1965 1127/1963
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL
1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL 1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019 1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1871 cpty: 1165/2947
1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1985 1724/1864
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=500β Crossroads Chicago, I
1978 1657/2284
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
cpty:
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1857-2002 cpty:
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1833-1857 cpty:
1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1871 cpty: 1165/2947
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1000β Graham Cor Hillsboro,
1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL 1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL 1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
1937 Vandalia Correctional cpty: IL 351 Vandalia, 1β=1000β
Center
1β=500β 1β=1000β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1921 1983 Crossroads1925 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Medium Security Unit 1983 Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center cpty: 327/429 cpty: 1222/1770 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 Chicago, IL Pontiac, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Menard Correctional Center Joilet Correctional Center 1978 cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1937 Lincoln Correctional cpty:IL351 Lincoln, 1β=1000β
Center
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1871 1857-2002 Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center Graham Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL Hillsboro, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1972 Logan 1978 Centralia 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Lincoln, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL 1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria 1984 Adult Transition Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia, NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1β=500β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1983 Crossroads1925 1921 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center Medium Security Unit 1983 cpty: 327/429 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 cpty: 1222/1770 Chicago, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL Pontiac, IL 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
1β=1000β 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1857-2002 1871 Graham Correctional Center Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Hillsboro, IL Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
cpty:
1985 1724/1864
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1972 Logan 1978 Centralia 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Lincoln, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1972 cpty: 237/248
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1937 cpty: 351
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1937 cpty: 351
1β=500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1500β 1984 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria Adult Transition Center Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1871 cpty: 1165/2947
1925 2674/3759
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria 1984 Adult Transition Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL 1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL 1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1985 1724/1864
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1985 1724/1864
cpty:
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL 1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1000β 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,
1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
cpty:
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
cpty:
1985 1724/1864
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1β=500β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1983 Crossroads1925 1921 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center Medium Security Unit 1983 cpty: 327/429 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 cpty: 1222/1770 Chicago, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=1000β 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1857-2002 1871 Graham Correctional Center Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Hillsboro, IL Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1972 Logan 1978 Centralia 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Lincoln, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL
NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1972 cpty: 237/248
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria 1984 Adult Transition Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1965 1127/1963
1β=500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1500β 1972 Logan 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 1978 Centralia Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center Correctional Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL Lincoln, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1833-1857 cpty:
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1972 cpty: 128/130
1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1000β 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=500β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1983 Crossroads1925 1921 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center Medium Security Unit 1983 cpty: 327/429 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 cpty: 1222/1770 Chicago, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL Pontiac, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,
1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1857-2002 1871 Graham Correctional Center Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Hillsboro, IL Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL 1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019 1980 cpty: 1318/1470
54
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1857-2002 cpty:
1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1833-1857 cpty:
1978 1657/2284
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1985 1724/1864
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
cpty:
1985 1724/1864
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
cpty:
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1972 Logan 1978 Centralia 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Lincoln, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL 1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria 1984 Adult Transition Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia, NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1β=500β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1983 Crossroads1925 1921 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center Medium Security Unit 1983 cpty: 327/429 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 cpty: 1222/1770 Chicago, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL Pontiac, IL 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
1β=1000β 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1857-2002 1871 Graham Correctional Center Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Hillsboro, IL Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1972 Logan 1978 Centralia 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Lincoln, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1871 1857-2002 Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center Graham Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL Hillsboro, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria 1984 Adult Transition Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Menard Correctional Center Joilet Correctional Center 1978 cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL 1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL 1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1000β 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1857-2002 cpty:
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=500β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1983 Crossroads1925 1921 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center Medium Security Unit 1983 cpty: 327/429 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 cpty: 1222/1770 Chicago, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL 1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429 1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL 1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1000β 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1857-2002 1871 Graham Correctional Center Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Hillsboro, IL Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1833-1857 cpty:
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
cpty:
1985 1724/1864
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
Center
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1937 Lincoln Correctional cpty:IL351 Lincoln,
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1972 Logan 1978 Centralia 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Correctional Center Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Lincoln, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL
1β=500β 1β=1000β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1921 1983 Crossroads1925 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Medium Security Unit 1983 Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center cpty: 327/429 cpty: 1222/1770 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 Chicago, IL Pontiac, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL 1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019 1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
Center
1985 1724/1864
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1β=500β 1β=1500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria 1984 Adult Transition Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1β=1000β
cpty:
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1937 Vandalia Correctional cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1857-2002 cpty:
1β=2000β 1984 Dixon Correctional Center cpty: 1007/1019 Dixon, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL 1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1985 1724/1864
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1833-1857 cpty:
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
cpty:
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=1000β 1937 Lincoln Correctional Center cpty:IL351 Lincoln,
1β=1000β 1980 Menard Correctional Center cpty: 1318/1470 Menard, IL
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770 1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1972 cpty: 128/130
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL 1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL 1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1925 cpty: 2674/3759 1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL 1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL 1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1β=1000β 1985Correctional Center Jacksonville cpty: 1724/1864 IL Jacksonville,
1972 cpty: 237/248 1937 cpty: 351 1871 cpty: 1165/2947 1980 cpty: 1281/1572 1972 cpty: 237/248
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1β=1000β 1972 Danville Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Danville, IL
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1983 cpty: 327/429
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=500β 1β=2000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1983 Crossroads1925 1921 Adult Pontiac Transition Center Dixon Correctional Stateville Center Correctional Center Medium Security Unit 1983 cpty: 327/429 cpty: 2051/2529 cpty: 2674/3759 cpty: 1222/1770 Chicago, IL Dixon, IL Joliet, IL Pontiac, IL
1β=500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1500β 1984 1941Correctional 1965 Peoria Adult Transition Center Jacksonville Center Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna Correctional Center 1984 cpty: 1133/1628 cpty: cpty: 1682/2151 cpty: 1558/2740 IL Vienna, IL 1127/1963 Peoria, IL Jacksonville, Vienna, IL
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β 1937 Vandalia Correctional Center cpty: IL 351 Vandalia,
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1857-2002 1871 Graham Correctional Center Pontiac Correctional Center 1980 East Moline Correctional Center cpty: cpty: 1500/2013 cpty: Hillsboro, IL Pontiac, IL East 1165/2947 Moline, IL
1β=1500β 1972 Sheridan Correctional Center cpty: 237/248 Sheridan, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1833-1857 Joilet Correctional Center 1978 Menard Correctional Center cpty: Joilet, IL cpty: 2213/3881 Menard, IL
NTS 1871 Prison Illinois State cpty: 1165/2947 Alton, IL
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1985 1724/1864
1925 cpty: 2674/3759
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1965 cpty: 1127/1963
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
cpty:
1β=1000β Stateville Correctional Center Joliet, IL
1857-2002 cpty:
1β=1500β Vienna Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Danville Correctional Center Danville, IL
1921 cpty: 1222/1770
1β=1000β Joilet Correctional Center Joilet, IL
1941 cpty: 1558/2740
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1984 cpty: 1682/2151
1β=1000β Vandalia Correctional Center Vandalia, IL
1833-1857 cpty:
1β=1500β Sheridan Correctional Center Sheridan, IL
1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL 1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1937 cpty: 351 1871 cpty: 1165/2947
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL 1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867 1984 cpty: 1133/1628 1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL 1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL 1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL 1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867 1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1972 cpty: 237/248
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1β=1000β Hill Correctional Center Galesburg, IL
1β=1000β Shawnee Correctional Center Vienna, IL
1984 cpty: 1007/1019
1972 cpty: 128/130
1937 cpty: 351
1984 cpty: 1133/1628
1β=1000β Lincoln Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
1β=1 West Moun 1β=1 Shaw Vien 1β=5 Cros Chic 1β=1 Grah Hill
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β Jacksonville Correctional Center Jacksonville, IL
1983 cpty: 327/429
NTS Illinois State Prison Alton, IL
1β=1000β 1989 Illinois River Correctional Center cpty: 1770/2338 Canton, IL
1925 /3759
1871 cpty: 1165/2947
1β=500β Crossroads Adult Transition Center Chicago, IL
1980 cpty: 1318/1470
1β=1000β 1989 Western Illinois Correctional Center cpty: 1533/2175 Mount Sterling, IL
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL 1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1983 cpty: 2051/2529 1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1β=1 West Moun 1β=1 Shaw Vien
1978 /2284
1980 cpty: 1281/1572
1983 cpty: 2051/2529
1β=1000β East Moline Correctional Center East Moline, IL
1986 cpty: 1698/1867
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
-2002 cpty:
1965 /1963
1972 cpty: 237/248
1β=2000β Dixon Correctional Center Dixon, IL
1980 cpty: 1500/2013
1β=500β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1000β 1β=1500β 1972 Logan 1986 1980 Correctional Center Hill Correctional 1989 1978 Centralia Fox Valley1980 Adult Transition Center Hill Correctional Center Western Illinois Correctional Correctional Center Center1989 Illinois River Center Correctional Center cpty: 128/130 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1698/1867 cpty: cpty: 1533/2175 cpty: 1281/1572 cpty: 1770/2338 Aurora, IL Galesburg, IL Mount1657/2284 Sterling, IL Centralia, IL Canton, IL Galesburg, IL Lincoln, IL
1978 /2284
1β=500β Peoria Adult Transition Center Peoria, IL
1β=1000β Graham Correctional Center Hillsboro, IL
1β=1000β Centralia Correctional Center Centralia, IL
1965 /1963
1937 cpty: 351
1978 cpty: 2213/3881
1978 cpty: 1657/2284
1β=1000β Pontiac Medium Security Unit Pontiac, IL
1β=1000β Menard Correctional Center Menard, IL
1β=1500β Logan Correctional Center Lincoln, IL
1925 /3759
1871 cpty: 1165/2947
1972 cpty: 128/130
1β=1000β Pontiac Correctional Center Pontiac, IL
1β=500β Fox Valley Adult Transition Center Aurora, IL
-2002 cpty:
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1β=5 Cros Chic 1β=1 Grah Hill
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06
URBAN RETROFIT HOUSING Resilient housing systems Professional Work: Architecture BRIO, Mumbai Team: Robert Verrijt, Shefali Balwani (Principals), Shreya Nath 2017-2018
The site is located in one of the prime areas of the city. A three storey, 12,000 sq ft, sea facing apartment, belonging to one of the most prestigious families in the country. The building is a twenty-five year old structure, with structural systems and services, not very well documented. The main challenges in the project were to understand the existing building inside out. The structural beams and columns were not ordinary, posing it to be a serious challenge in achieving large ceiling heights, minimal aesthetics. The clients heavily insisted on having innovative systems as a part of the scope of the project along with extravagant finishes to achieve seamlessness in design. My contribution as a Junior Architect in the project was towards stages of design development, maing detailed working drawings, construction drawings and constant coordination and weekly supervision of work on site. The detailed drawings included technical information of the various structural, ventilation, electrical systems aligned with the overall aesthetic of the project. Energy saving technologies such as low e solar glass window systems that would help generate solar energy to feed back into the urban electrical grid. The site also faced harsh sunlight and rains; several conditions were taken into consideration to prevent additional damages to a structure that is old and requires external strength.
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Retro-fitting the sun roof system on the existing structure with better insulation and solar power gains to the existing electric grid. The set of louvered screen as the last layer was proposed as a sun shading system. Two sets of sliding doors were introduced for transparency as well as for sun shading being a sea facing site. The main front of the house faces the sea, further having challenges to tackle with harsh sunlight and wind conditions. The existing are under the sun roof with good air conditioning system measures a temperature of 40 degrees at mid afternoon. The challenge was not only to try and shade the area, but also to try and generate solar energy which would feed back into the existing grid and further reduce energy expenses by the household.
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The staircase due to its structural constraints is located in an enclosed space. The idea of a curved staircase breaks away from making it feel enclosed and gives a more natural flow to it. The idea of having an open stairwell with cantilevered steps enhanced the lightness of the staircase within the enclosed area. The challenge was to have the steps cantilevered off the walls. Solid travetine blocks were proposed for the steps which along with constant discussion with the structural consultant a system was devised to support the steps off the wall.
SHEET TITLE :
DRAWING NO. PROJECT NO. SCALE DATE
DUBASH HOUSE
NOTES
THE WINDING STAIRCASE DETAIL 1.
Solid travertine
2. Mild steel L plate 3. Reinforced concrete block 4. Cross cut - Travertine slab 5. Brass pipe balustrade
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distressed solid wood
mild steel wall unit exposed cement finished walls with brass inlay
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 60
Entrance Foyer Formal Living Informal Living Dining Kitchen Utility Kitchen Servantβs Room Servantβs Toilet Library Store room Powder Toilet Guest Bedroom Guest Bathroom Kidβs Bedroom Kidβs Bathroom
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A HOUSE OF SECRET CRAFTS Co-designing with craftsmen Professional Work: ATTO Atelier, Bangalore Team: George Attokaran (Founder and Principal) Mohammad Umar Sharief, Shehbaz Shafi 2016 The site, located in Bellandur, faces the Bellandur lake in Bangalore. It is a 3500 sq m apartment. The houses faces the natural lake on one side and the other facing the man made and maintained gardens of the gated community they live in. In terms of the aesthetics, the clients were interested in having a blend of contemporary as well as Indian feel to the house. We focused on exploring with innovative uses of traditional materials and finishes to try and achieve duality in the overall ethos for the house. Exposed cement finish, engineered clay Γ’€˜Bharat flooringΓ’€™ tiles, local handicraft forms for the study, solid wood with experimentation on the finish are few to mention. My contribution as a design intern in the project was from the design development stage until the completion of the project. I was a part of supervising civil works and designing and detailing furniture pieces for the house. A lot of time was spent experimenting on site with materials and its desired finishes to achieve the best aesthetic. Each furniture piece has a distinctive blend in its taste of being contemporary and local at the same time. The grey wall along the dining and living areas is an exposed cement finish to give it raw look which worked well with the rest of the space with the raw edge dining table. The project exposed me to situations where I was working intensively with the clients, consultants, designers, engineers and local fabricator and carpenters. Frequent site visits and interpretation of drawings from different consultants helped me hone my problem solving capabilities.
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LIVING ROOM
STUDY ROOM 62 48
DINING ROOM
MASTER BEDROOM 63 49
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08
#miamibound Building communities through culture and localism ULI Competition 2020 Instructors: Lars GrΔΒ€bner + Peter Smirniotopoulos Team: Karun Chughasrani, Kristin Mixon, Megan Rigney, Kum Wai Victoria See The Urban Land Institute (ULI) offers an opportunity for eligible students to form multidisciplinary teams and engage in a challenging exercise in responsible land use. This year, MiamiΓ’€™s Wynwood district was recognized as the site for investigation and exploration, to demonstrate to local stakeholders how this project will have positive economic impacts while also enhancing the sustainability and resilience of the study area, surrounding neighborhoods, and the city at large. Our project aimed to maintain a strong focus on community, culture and localism through meaningfully arranging elements and their programmatic adjacencies, concepts of spatial delights, fluidity in the urban fabric and flexibility over time.
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TRANSIT CIRCULATION
ARTS + WELLNESS
OPPORTUNITIES
To activate the new Tri-Rail station, the Wyn Plaza and the Food Square are strategically situated beside the railway platforms, thus eliminating physical and visual barriers from transit to activity. This creates an infrastructuralcivic hybrid that functions as a central gathering place and integrates the Wynwood and Edgewater communities with an inlux of visitors and incoming residents of the development. 66 52
Future development
12
Future development
13
14
7
12
14
13
400β 10
12
14
13
12
14
13
14
13
9
13 12
6
1
Wynwood Blossom - Hotel + Office + Conference Center
2
Wyn Plaza
3
The Food Square
4
Chef Space - Culinary School
5
Tri - Rail Station
6
27th Walking Street - Woonerf
7
Palm Trail
8
Palm Plaza at Wynwood
9
Palm Plaza at Edgewater
10
5
9
11
1 14
1
2
3
13
4 12
Green Buffer
Future development
11
Rooftop Soccer Field
12
Housing - Residential + Retail/Institutional
13
The Living Commons - Residential Courtyards
14
Parking
0β
5
8
100β
Future development
200β 10
Borrowing from the gritty character of Wynwood, the βmake-shiftβ shipping containers aesthetic of Food Square and the adjacent Chef Space Culinary School introduces the Edgewater neighborhood to upcoming food and beverage entrepreneurs. At the same time, providing a steady stream of curious customers to test their epicurean experiments. The Wyn Plaza on the west platform of the Tri-Rail Station complements the ethos of the Food Square.
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DIAGRAMMING METHODOLOGY + INSERT Rethinking the architecture of learning Undergraduate work, Year 4 Instructor: Milind Merchant 2014
The project revisits the idea of universities in todayβs world and explores the idea of breaking down existing programs to create new organizations for better and effective learning in and outside the campus boundaries. The St. Xavierβs University is one of Mumbaiβs historic and prestigious institutions today for Arts, Science and Commerce. The challenge was to redesign an existing block in campus to accommodate a new course, integrate better with the existing programs on site. The first half of the project was spent studying existing conditions to derive a methodology to create a framework that allows flexibility of spaces, programs to allow for better interaction on and off campus.
UP
LENDING LIBRARY
ADMIN
CLASSROOM
LIFT
ADMIN
CLASSROOM
CLASS ROOM
AUDITORIUM GALLERIES
TREASURER'S OFFICE
UP
UP
UP
CLASSROOM VP OF
TREASURER'S OFFICE
ADMIN
ADMIN
CLASSROOM
VP OF
LAB
LAB
LAB
CLASS ROOM
TREASURER'S OFFICE
ADMIN
VP OF
ADMIN
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1716 m2
Living
Self regulated
2706 m2
Social
informed interactions rehersals bb+fb+vb
canteen
food is served sit and eat fest publicity
auditorium
rehersals fest performances
woods
informal interactions
formal lectures seating
Group regulated Instructional mandate Externally controlled
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movement small group discussions
reception
enquiry waiting connecting space
reading rooms
controlled self oriented
music club
labs
Private
nature of interaction
courtyards
staircase blocks
387 m2
Services
2758 m2
Outdoor 766 m2
Admin
events
Public
4244 m2
5444 m2
285 m2
Faculty
nature of behaviour
Open space
Circulation
Classroom
Circulation
nature of space
Built
rehersals library of music experiments short lectures/announcements
common rooms
interactions
library
reading peer learnings book storage scan/xerox
staff rooms
Informal
interaction among teachers self work
lending library
book storage checkpoint of books
classrooms
learning interactions rehersals
multimedia room
lectures, ppt.s, screenings rehersals
admin
work spaces waiting areas enquiry
dept. rooms
work spaces enquiry
Formal
resource center
library archive
individual study group study community study
storage/display generic faculty student discussions student group interaction
canteen + kitchen + student area social congregation served space kitchen student group interactions informal accidental/ informed interactions
seminar for 300 outreach programs summer school programs lectures, ppt.s, screenings shared admin + staff interaction among teachers work spaces
teaching environment
71