South Coast Marine Park - St. Vincent and the Grenadines

TRAINING EXERCISE AND RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

For the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment (As part of the Revision of the National Biodiversity Strategy & Action Plan and the Development of the Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity) St. Vincent and the Grenadines February 2014

Prepared by Dr. Kimberly Baldwin Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES) Cave Hill Campus University of the West Indies, Barbados

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report is the product of a cooperative effort led by the GEF funded project, Revision of the NBSAPs and the Development of the Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity within the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment, The National Parks, Rivers and Beaches Authority and The Fisheries Division, St. Vincent and the Grenadines.

Special acknowledgements are extended to the contribution of the many persons who have made this initiative possible. Namely, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment, Mr. Luis de Shong; Mr. Andrew Wilson, the Director of the National Parks, Rivers and Beaches Authority; Mrs. Jennifer Cruickshank-Howard, the Chief Fisheries Officer of Fisheries Division; Mr. Brenton Cain, the Commander of the Coast Guard; Mr. Colin Young and Mr. Jonathan Abraham of the Central Water and Sewerage Authority as well as the efforts and cooperation of the Environmental Unit, in particular the Project Manager Ms. Tasheka Haynes. We would also like to thank all the members of the teams that participated in the training and assessment. A complete list of these contributors and participants is listed in Table 1.

Citation: Baldwin, K. 2014. Training exercise and rapid assessment of the proposed South Coast Marine Park, St. Vincent, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. For the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment (The Revision of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan and the development of the Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Kingstown, St. Vincent. 50 pages.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Objective ...................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Training & Monitoring Programme Schedule .................................................................................................... 7 Literature & Data Review ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Stakeholder Identification ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Government ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 NGOs .................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Civil Society / Community groups / Resource users ................................................................................... 10 Monitoring Parameters ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Ecological Parameters ...................................................................................................................................... 10 Biophysical Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 10 Socio-economic Parameters ............................................................................................................................. 10 Field Surveys (listed by team) ............................................................................................................................. 11 Marine Habitat Mapping & Assessment ........................................................................................................... 11 Marine Habitat Mapping & Assessment Methodology .............................................................................. 11 Marine Habitat Mapping & Assessment Results ......................................................................................... 12 Marine Habitat Mapping & Assessment Recommendations ..................................................................... 14 Marine Resource User Inventory ........................................................................................................................ 14 MRU Inventory Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 14 MRU Inventory Results ................................................................................................................................... 15 MRU Inventory Recommendations ............................................................................................................... 17 Mangrove Survey ................................................................................................................................................. 17 Mangrove Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 18 Mangrove Results ............................................................................................................................................. 18 Mangrove Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 20 Biophysical Monitoring (Water Quality, LBS Pollution, Erosion) ................................................................. 21 Biophysical Monitoring Methodology ........................................................................................................... 21 Biophysical Monitoring Results ...................................................................................................................... 23 Biophysical Monitoring Recommendations .................................................................................................. 24 Socio-Economic Monitoring ................................................................................................................................ 24 Tourism (accommodation & restaurants) Socio-Economic Monitoring........................................................ 24 Tourism Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 24

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Tourism Results ................................................................................................................................................ 24 Tourism Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 26 Businesses & Residences ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Businesses & Residences Methodology ......................................................................................................... 26 Businesses & Residences Results .................................................................................................................... 27 Businesses & Residences Recommendations ................................................................................................ 28 GIS & Mapping ..................................................................................................................................................... 28 GIS & Mapping Methodology......................................................................................................................... 28 GIS & Mapping Results.................................................................................................................................... 28 GIS & Mapping Recommendations................................................................................................................ 29 Stakeholder Validation & Feedback Meetings .................................................................................................. 29 Recommendations for Further Training & Monitoring ....................................................................................... 30 Recommendations for Marine Zoning & Management Plan .............................................................................. 30 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Appendices ................................................................................................................................................................ 32

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

BACKGROUND St. Vincent and the Grenadines (SVG) is committed to implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Program of Work on Protected Areas (PoWPA) and more recently has committed to implementing the Caribbean Challenge Initiative (CCI) to conserve 20% of near shore marine areas by the year 2020. Presently in SVG, there is one designated marine park and six marine conservation areas (MCAs) all of which are located in the Grenadine Islands (Lee 2009). In 1997, the Tobago Cays Marine Park (TCMP), the first and only no-take marine park in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, was declared.

Over the next ten years, formal regulations were adopted and a formal management plan was approved (Hoggarth 2007). Although legally designated, the only adopted regulation for the six MCAs is the prohibition of spear fishing. Unfortunately as a result of a lack of on-site management for any of the MCAs, they are largely ‘paper-parks’ that are not demarcated, enforced or known of by the community at large (Edwards 2011).

In accordance with the CCI, the National Parks, Rivers and Beaches Authority (NPRBA) 2010-2014 Protected Areas System Plan has proposed the development of four new marine parks, all of which are located on the mainland of St. Vincent (e.g. South Coast Marine Park, Chateaubelair Islet Marine Park, Petit Byahaut Marine Park, Anchor Reef Marine Park). One of these areas, the South Coast Marine Park (SCMP), encompasses the coastal and marine areas of three major bays (Indian Bay, Calliaqua Bay and Blue Lagoon) and is surrounded by seven communities (Canash, Ratho Mill, Calliaqua, Rose Cottage, Villa, Indian Bay and Arnos Vale) (Figure 1). There are three watercourses; two rivers (Arnos Vale and Calliaqua); and four ephemeral streams that flow through the area providing fluvial and estuarine habitats which are home to various waterfowl and fish species. Blue Lagoon is a natural lagoon that provides a safe harbour for boats. Blue Lagoon is also a representative reef ecosystem, containing three stands of mangrove forest with adjacent seagrass beds and reefs, which provides nursery habitat for fish and other marine organisms. Moreover, the SCMP contains the only white sand beaches on mainland St. Vincent and has significant expanses of coral reef and sea grass habitat. Its waters are home to a great variety of marine organisms including: various reef fish, a number of nearshore pelagic fish species, sea turtles, sea eggs, sea horses and a variety of crustaceans (i.e. conch, lobster, crabs). There are six beaches (e.g. Indian Bay, Villa, Canash, White Sand, Blue Lagoon, Young Island, Calliaqua Fisheries Centre) that are actively utilised for diving, snorkelling, swimming, fishing and other recreational uses. Along with these natural resources, the proposed SCMP is also home to a number of historical and cultural resources.

These include Fort Duvernette (Rock Fort), the Calliaqua Fisheries Centre, petroglyphs sites, lime kiln and sugar mill ruins (Villa and Ratho Mill).

The SCMP is of particular management importance due to the dense population and coastal development and high level of human activity present within the area. It is the epicenter of tourism operations on the mainland of St. Vincent, hosting the majority of the mainland’s accommodation sector and a full-service marina (Blue Lagoon) in which several charter yacht companies operate. Moreover the SCMP comprises a substantial amount of commercial activities (Calliaqua) including highly productive fisheries landing site, the Coast Guard Base, fuel tanks, a number of engine and boat repair yards as well as a number of other local businesses. Despite this, the coastline of the SCMP is a known low-lying flood risk zone (CCCRA 2012). As a result, the coastal communities of the SCMP study area are extremely vulnerable to climatic factors including storm surges, flooding and high levels of sedimentation (White 2012). Increasing commercial and recreational exploitation together with insufficient solid, liquid and sewage waste disposal are placing significant stress on the coastal and marine environment as well as have health implications for the surrounding communities.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Due to the diversity and level of activities occurring in the SCMP, increasing management of the coastal and marine resources is recommended. Marine spatial planning is a place-based holistic management strategy that aims to facilitate sustainable development and equitable use for all activities occurring in a defined marine and coastal area. The outcome of a marine spatial planning process is typically a comprehensive marine zoning design that allocates space-use by addressing ecological, economic and social considerations in an integrated and equitable fashion. Increasingly, marine spatial planning and the development of marine multi-use zoning plans are proving to be successful tools for reducing space-use conflicts, while providing protection of natural resources, and providing opportunities for people to benefit through the provision of sustainable livelihoods. A marine multi-use zoning design exercise was undertaken for the Grenadine Islands (Baldwin 2011), and it is proposed that the SCMP area be zoned and designated as a multiple-use marine protected area (A. Wilson personal communication).

FIGURE 1. MAP OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK (SOURCE: SVG FISHERIES DIVISION).

OBJECTIVE From January 20-28, 2014, under the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan Project, a cross-sectoral training exercise was conducted rapidly assess the proposed South Coast Marine Park (SCMP) as a pilot project to inventory the area’s biodiversity. This was accomplished by mapping the existing habitats, resources and space-uses patterns of the area, and developing and conducting ecological and socio-economic monitoring programmes for the SCMP study area. Information collected from this baseline assessment will be of further use in the subsequent development of a marine multi-use zoning design and the determination of an appropriate management structure and plan for the proposed SCMP.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

To do this effectively, particularly in such a short timeframe, a collaborative approach amongst the relevant sectors, government agencies, marine resource users and the general public was applied. Such a collaborative approach can be of use not only to educate relevant stakeholders of the importance of marine biodiversity and managing natural resources sustainably, but to gather comprehensive ecosystem-based information that will support the development of an equitable and socially-acceptable marine zoning design for the South Coast of St. Vincent mainland.

A cross-sectoral approach led by the Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment together with the Fisheries Division and the National Parks, Forestry Department, Tourism, Physical Planning, Central Planning, Land and Surveys, Coast Guard and the CWSA as well as the participation of NGOs and marine stakeholders (i.e. SVGHTA, CRFM, National Trust, TNC, SusGren, etc.) was applied to train agencies in marine and coastal assessment and monitoring protocols and rapidly gather a wide range of ecosystem-based information. A total of 25 persons from 10 agencies participated in the training and inventory exercises from 20-28th January 2014 (Table 1).

TABLE 1. LIST OF PARTICIPATING GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND OFFICERS Agency Min. of Health, Wellness & Environment

Fisheries Division

Forestry Department National Parks

Coast Guard Volunteer – UWI graduate Ministry of Tourism

Tourism Authority Physical Planning Central Planning Division Central Water and Sewerage Authority

Name Shamanti Labban Noretta John Todd Lewis Tasheka Haynes Renson Doyle Alisa Martin Carlina La Borde Kris Isaacs Reshevski Jack Junior Harry Cornelius Lyttle Ayeloa White Andrew Lockhart Sternley Walker James Walsh Josh Hamilton Damian Franklyn Shammal Connell Jeremy Searles Jewelene Charles Scott Camille Soleyn Racquel Hamlet Jacqui English Dornet Hull St. Joel Warren Colin Young Johnathan Abraham

Position Environmental Health Officer Project Coordinator UNCCD Environmental Health Officer Project Manager NBSAP &5NR Project Assistant NBSAP &5NR Fisheries Officer – Lab Laboratory Assistant Marine biologist Aquaculture Forestry Officer III Forestry Officer III Administrative Officer Superintendent (Marine) Park Ranger Marine Officer Able Seaman Able Seaman Marine Survey – Fish Marine Survey – Benthics Tourism Education Officer Executive Officer Tourism Planner E-Commerce/ Marketing Research GIS Officer Social Analyst Water Quality Testing Water Quality Testing

TRAINING & MONITORING PROGRAMME SCHEDULE The following provides a brief summary of the seven day training schedule. Appendix I comprise the training slides that were presented to the group.

Monday (January 20)  Introductions  Overview of SCMCA area / presentations of previous studies  Stakeholder identification  Review of data, resources & existing equipment  Review of ecological, social and economic monitoring parameters & methodologies 7

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Tuesday (January 21)  Team assignment & roles  2ndary information & GIS data review  Survey methodology for each monitoring parameter  Stakeholder identification for surveys  Data collection planning Wednesday – Friday (January 22-24)  Prepare final surveys, methods & field survey supplies  Primary field data collection Monday (January 27)  Data entry & analysis  Draft recommendations Tuesday (January 28)  Prepare stakeholder presentation / slides  Prepare final report  Presentation of results (2 meetings)  Government (1pm) & Community (6pm)

LITERATURE & DATA REVIEW The literature and data review was conducted to examine existing social, economic, institutional and ecological information relevant for the proposed SCMP. This preliminary assessment was conducted to review previous studies, identify existing information and data, as well as better understand the types of stakeholders using the SCMP. The project sought to utilise and build on existing information and data where possible.

Fortunately in recent years, a number of ecological and socio-economic studies have been conducted for the SCMP project area. A Dropbox folder was set up to share all existing data and information as well as information on monitoring techniques (https://www.dropbox.com/home/SCMCA). The following are a list of some of the most fundamental documents and information relevant to the SCMP.  Socio-economic monitoring (SocMon) (Lockhart et al. 2013); Spatial SocMon (Wood 2013)  Climate change vulnerability assessment for the SCMCA (White 2012)  AGGRA reef survey (Kilgo & Edwards 2010)  Fisheries of St. Vincent Assessment (Labban, Isaacs, Oxenford 2013)  Willingness to Pay / Valuation study (USAID 2012) not found  Sand Mining in St. Vincent: Impacts and Options (USAID-COTS 2010)  Sea turtle nesting (Dow 2007) ; SVG Sea Turtle Recovery Action Plan (1993/2012 WIDECAST)  GIS data (Govt. SVG); Grenadines MarSIS (2012 Baldwin); The Nature Conservancy (AWE 2011) A review of previous studies, recognise several overarching issues occurring in the SCMP study area. The largest identified threats to the coastal and marine environment include: pollution (land-based and marine) and associated sedimentation; unsustainable coastal development; flooding, storm surge and increasing erosion (Figure 2); and more recently the invasion of lionfish (Labban, Isaacs, Oxenford 2013).

Data gaps identified include: a baseline map of the coastal and marine habitats, resources, and space-use patterns; associated environmental practices of users; the quantification of livelihoods generated in the area; and the development of monitoring programmes (i.e. habitats, resources, water quality, health parameters, socio-demographic).

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

FIGURE 2. STORM SURGE HAZARD MAP OF CALLIAQUA AND VILLA BAY (SOURCE: CCCRA 2012)

STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION Based on the preliminary appraisal, stakeholders were categorised and included key marine-related government agencies (e.g. Fisheries Division, National Parks, Physical Planning and Tourism), marine resource users (e.g. dive operators, day-tour operators, water-taxi operators, fishers, yacht charter companies), businesses and residences in the area, NGOS, civil society organisations, and the general public.

The following lists stakeholders identified for the SCMP sorted by type.

GOVERNMENT          

National Parks Fisheries Division Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment Forestry Department Coast Guard Ministry of Tourism, Board of Tourism Physical Planning Central Planning Port Authority Maritime Administration 9

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

NGOS    

SVG National Trust The Nature Conservancy Richmond Vale Academy SusGren, Inc.

CIVIL SOCIETY / COMMUNITY GROUPS / RESOURCE USERS      

SVGHTA Calliaqua Fisher Folk Cooperative (CALFICO) Dive Shops, Day Tours, Water Taxis, Yachting, Vendors Businesses (Shops, Restaurants, etc.)

Hotel & Accommodation Sector Residences & Coastal Communities

MONITORING PARAMETERS Based on existing information, available resources and skills of the participants monitoring parameters were chosen. Seven teams were formed and the following parameters were surveyed.

ECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Marine Habitat, Resources & Health Indicators  Benthic habitat mapping (reefs, seagrass, etc.)  Fish and invertebrates  Health indicators Mangroves  Species, type, total area, trend  Tree height, health, threats, fish and avian life Marine Resource Users  Number and distribution of users  Resources, space-uses patterns and areas of threat

BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS   

Water quality (Micro-bacteria, temperature, turbidity, Phosphates, Nitrates, Zinc) Land-based point source pollution mapping and classification Beach profiling

SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS  

 

Number and distribution of users  Tourism, Businesses, Residences Economic contribution of livelihoods  Number of businesses, shops and associated livelihoods  Number of accommodations, restaurants and associated livelihoods Community / Societal Attitudes  Relationship with reef, issues/threats, marine park and boundaries, management Environmental Practices  Solid, liquid and chemical  Recycling, composting, interest level 10

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

FIELD SURVEYS (LISTED BY TEAM) MARINE HABITAT MAPPING & ASSESSMENT T EAM MEMBERS      

Dr. Kimberly Baldwin (UWI, Principal Investigator) Kris Isaacs (Fisheries Division) Shamal Connell (UWI Graduate Volunteer) Jeremy Searles (UWI Graduate Volunteer) Damien Franklyn (Coast Guard) Josh Hamilton (Coast Guard)

MARINE HABITAT MAPPING & ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY Since there was limited existing marine habitat information for the SCMP area, it was determined that a rapid inventory and preliminary assessment should be conducted to create a baseline habitat map. To start, all aerial imagery sources were imported and geo-referenced using ArcGIS. A random sampling design was applied to aid ground-truthing the various spectral signatures of the imagery and the classification of the various habitats found within the SCMP study area. A survey site map was printed as a colour poster using satellite imagery as a background (Figure 3). Sampling points were converted and uploaded to a handheld GPS using the DNR GPA application for use in the field survey.

FIGURE 3. SURVEY SITE MAP USED TO GROUND-TRUTH THE SCMP STUDY AREA.

Over three days (22-24th January 2014), ground-truthing exercises were conducted by either snorkel or SCUBA diving depending on the depth. Pictures (Olympus Stylus SW770 underwater camera) and videos (GoPro) were taken at all sites. A rapid assessment approach was applied using marine indicators.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Marine monitoring parameters included:  Habitat type (reef, sand, seagrass, mixed-live bottom, hard bottom, mud/silt)  Coral health (diversity, cover, rugosity, recruits, disease, macroalgae)  Fish (diversity, abundance, juveniles)  Black sea urchin (Diadema)  Invasive species (e.g. lionfish, Halophila seagrass)  Sedimentation level  Presences of trash or other pollution  Other key species (e.g. sea turtles, fish, corals, sea eggs) Next, passive remote sensing techniques were used to produce a digital marine habitat polygon map for the SCMP. Habitat boundaries were delineated around signatures in the satellite imagery and the corresponding habitat type assigned based on a simple marine classification scheme (reef, sand, seagrass, mixed-live bottom, hard bottom, mud/silt). Each new polygon was attributed with additional collateral information collected, including habitat density, rugosity, health; fish diversity and abundance; diadema; sedimentation level (e.g. high, medium low). Furthermore the presence or absence of coral disease; nursery grounds; as well as descriptive references such as types of coral, fish and macroalgae species and other comments or issues observed were also attributed in the marine habitat GIS shapefile. All field notes grouped by site number were collated and an inventory of all marine species observed was completed.

MARINE HABITAT MAPPING & ASSESSMENT RESULTS A baseline habitat map was created (Figure 4) and GIS was used to calculate the total area (Table 2). The proposed MPA comprises a total (land and sea) area of 326.98 ha (Figure 1). The marine environment comprises 260.49 ha of which 161.26 ha was mapped; reef comprised the largest proportion (33%), followed by seagrass (23%), sand and mud/silt. There were 17 species of coral, 4 species of seagrass, 13 species of macroalgae and 22 families and 76 species of fish observed (Appendix II & III).

FIGURE 4. BASELINE MARINE HABITAT MAP OF THE SCMP.

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TABLE 2. AMOUNT OF MARINE HABITAT FOUND IN THE SCMP.

Habtiat Mud Reef Sand Seagrass

Hectares 28.01 52.95 43.46 36.83

The findings of the marine survey rapid assessment were grouped into five general zones (Blue Lagoon, Calliaqua, Young Island, Villa, Indian Bay). Information collected was briefly summarised and a report card ‘grade’ was assigned to convey the overall health of each area. Additional information such as the ecological significance and other issues or threats observed was also given for each area.

B LUE L AGOON /W HITE S AND = G RADE D It is notable that the Blue Lagoon area contains a representative reef ecosystem, which includes adjacent areas of mangrove, seagrass and reef habitat. Furthermore, this type of critical reef ecosystem is the only one located on the mainland of St. Vincent. The identification of such reef ecosystems is valuable in identifying essential areas for conservation, as they provide a number of important ecosystem services and fish habitat. Additionally, there is a high density of Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) which is considered to be one of the most important reef-building corals in the Caribbean. Moreover, Elkhorn coral is listed on CITES Appendix II as a critically endangered species, the highest risk category assigned by the IUCN Red List.

Overall there is a medium density of reef in the area and a low diversity and overall abundance of fish. Despite this, the area provides important nursery grounds for a number of fish and invertebrate species. It should be noted that due to the presence of nutrient indicator algae, high amounts of trash and sedimentation there are concerns as to the water quality within the lagoon.

C ALLIAQUA = G RADE F The Calliaqua marine area is surrounded by a large number of industrial uses (i.e. Coast Guard, Howard Marine, Fisheries Centre, many other businesses) along the adjacent coastline. As a result, there were high levels of sedimentation were observed in the water column which resulted in extremely low visibility (less than 3-5 feet). Furthermore, a large amount of trash, fishing gear and derelict ship wrecks were observed throughout the area. Overall Calliaqua comprised the poorest water quality indicators within the SCMP study area. There were a low number of fish observed and the invasive lionfish was also seen.

Despite these conditions, there is a fringing reef located along the eastern side of the bay (presently under threat) that shows signs of coral recruitment and a fish nursery area yet with improved water quality shows potential for recovery.

B ACK OF Y OUNG I SLAND / R OCK F ORT = G RADE B The marine area off the back side of Young Island and around Fort Duvernette (Rock Fort) comprises a vast area of healthy reef habitat. There is a high diversity and density of hard coral as well as extensive soft coral gardens in the area. Likewise fish abundance and diversity is high, and the area in between Young Island and Rock Fort is a nursery ground for fish species. A hawksbill turtle and a lionfish were observed during the surveys. Overall trash and sedimentation levels were low indicating good water quality in this area. It is of note this was also an area in which fishing (handline and speargun) was observed to regularly occur.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

V ILLA = G RADE F The area off of Villa Beach comprises the largest number of marine uses (yachts, water taxis, divers, bathing, kayaking, fishing) in the SCMP study area. The area also consists of the highest density of hotels and tourism-related restaurants on the mainland of St. Vincent. A high density of sea eggs, sea urchins and seagrass were observed, although primarily the invasive species Halophila. There is an ecologically significant and relatively healthy reef with a high density and diversity of fish located on the eastern side of the Young Island Cut channel. The coastal reef areas provide nursery grounds for fish and contain a medium level of diversity and abundance of juveniles. Despite this, the largest amounts of trash, derelict ship wrecks, sewage and drain pipes, yachts were observed in this area contributing to the poor water quality and resulting low grade assigned.

I NDIAN B AY = G RADE D Indian Bay contains a large amount of reef and seagrass bed habitat. Again, the presence of the invasive species Halophila was dominant, with the exception of a small patch of Thalassia near Indian Bay Beach.

Overall there was a medium abundance and diversity of fish and nursery grounds were observed throughout the area. There were many indicators of poor water quality in the Indian Bay area, namely the presence of nutrient indicator algae and turf algae on the remnant fringing reefs as well as high levels of sedimentation and trash throughout. A notable area of ecological significance is the presences of a relatively healthy Montastraea annularis patch reef south-east of Grand View Point in which a high diversity and density of reef and fish were observed.

MARINE HABITAT MAPPING & ASSESSMENT RECOMMENDATIONS It should be recognised that this initial marine habitat rapid assessment was primarily conducted to create a basemap of the SCMP and obtain a preliminary snapshot of marine health using recognised indicators. It is recommended that a number of permanent monitoring sites be established and additional training in marine surveys be conducted to allow for a formal assessment and on-going monitoring.

Furthermore, it is recommended that sedimentation rates are monitored throughout the SCMP on a regular basis to assess the level and associated impact on reef ecosystem health. Improved watershed management is recommended and should be implemented as quickly as possible to prevent the further decline of the marine ecosystem in the SCMP. Likewise, improved law enforcement (of existing land and sea environmental regulations) is needed as well as increased educational outreach activities (signs and posters, school presentations, educational media) of the importance of marine conservation.

MARINE RESOURCE USER INVENTORY T EAM MEMBERS  

Shamanti Labban (Ministry of Health) Reshevski Jack (Fisheries Division)

MRU INVENTORY METHODOLOGY A marine resource user (MRU) inventory and assessment was undertaken to understand the abundance and distribution of space-use patterns as well as social and economic conditions of marine resource users of the SCMP. Identified MRUs include: day tours operators, yachting charter companies, fishers, dive operators and vendors. Questionnaires sought to obtain information on socio-demographics, livelihood strategies, resource (temporal and spatial) use patterns as well as environmental practices and perceived threats. Additionally MRU were asked questions regarding the management and proposed boundaries of the SCMP. Appendix IV provides the questionnaires that were administered to MRUs. 14

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

As part of the MRU assessment, participatory mapping exercises were conducted to obtain local knowledge of marine resources and space-use information for inclusion in the SCMP GIS database.

Mapping exercises sought to gather spatial information on the distribution of key coastal and marine resources (breeding and nursery grounds, turtle and bird nesting area), space-uses / livelihood areas, opportunities and areas of threat (sedimentation plumes, dumping sites, erosion, flooding, dredging, sand mining, mangrove cutting) or other perceived problems and areas of high space use / conflict.

Additionally, stakeholders were asked to identify key areas of use for their respective livelihood. For example, charter yacht and day tours companies identified anchorages of use, and dive shops were asked to map their respective dive sites. All mapping exercises conducted with identified stakeholders were primarily in the form of individual semi-structured interviews using a hard copy map.

MRU INVENTORY RESULTS A total of 12 MRUs were interviewed; 5 were fishers, 2 day tours, 2 yachting companies, 2 vendors and 1 dive shop (Figure 5). One individual reported to operate as both a vendor and a fisher. Based on these surveys, an estimated 57 individuals earn a livelihood as vendors, fishers and dive, day tours and yachting operators. The majority of these MRUs (82%) rely on these livelihoods for all of their income; whereas the remaining 18% report that they earn half or less of their income from marine-based activities in the SCMP.

FIGURE 5. PROPORTION OF MRUS SURVEYED (N=12).

Of the four day tours and yachting companies interviewed, approximately 33 vessels are presently operational in the SCMP. The carrying capacity of these vessels ranges from 6-80 individuals. Most vessels (67%) report to have holding tanks; yet are not operational due to a lack of pump-out facilities in SVG. Where holding tanks are used, sewage is pumped offshore but the actual distance offshore was not stated. Respondents indicate that solid waste is stored on-board and the local collection system is used.

There are a few small-scale day tour/ water taxi operators that also operate from the Young Island dock area that offer a variety of day tours and beach BBQs for visiting yacht and cruise ship tourists. Rock Fort was identified as an area of importance for these BBQs. Services currently provided by vendors include the sale of drinks, snacks and crafts. One vendor in the Villa beach area offers beach chairs for rent. All vendors indicate facilities such as washrooms, showers and pipe borne water are needed to improve their livelihood. Vendors in the Villa and Indian Bay area utilise the local waste collection system; plastics are given to private individuals that recycle them. The glass bottles sold are collected as a deposit refund system is in place. Waste storage facilities were only found in the Young Island and Indian Bay; individuals vending in the Villa indicate a need for increased waste storage and removal facilities.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Data collected from the fishers surveyed, indicate that fishpots, spearguns and handlines fishing gear are frequently utilised in the SCMP. There were also a number of persons observed shore-fishing in the SCMP. Identified fish nursery areas are located offshore of Young Island, Rock Fort, Indian Bay and Canash and was corroborated by the marine survey team. In these areas juvenile fishes, turtles, queen conch and lobsters are found and also serve as important fishing grounds. MRU respondents indicate important bird nesting sites are located to the top of Rock Fort and the forested eastern side of Young Island. Respondents report the presence of Long-tailed Tropic Bird on Rock Fort and the Little Blue Heron and Yellow Crown Night Heron (Crab Heron) on Young Island. Egrets are report to nest on the islands of Rock Fort and Young Island. One fisher indicate a high density of white sea eggs can be found around Dove, Dike Island (off Indian Bay) and in the Blue Lagoon area. The black sea urchin (Diadema) was reported in the waters surrounding Dike Island. Only one sea turtle nesting beach was identified, Indian Bay Beach, in which type of turtle sighted was a hawksbill. Dive shops identify the western side of Young Island as an important area for their speciality ‘critter’ dives (sea horses and other small crustaceans/invertebrates).

Forty-two percent of MRUs indicate pollution as the greatest threat to the SCMP. Other identified threats include: • Sedimentation (especially after heavy rains) • Adverse coastal developments • The presence of the invasive lionfish • Flooding (Calliaqua Area) • Dredging (in the Blue Lagoon area –reef removed and replaced with a mariner) • Dumping especially around Young Island Dock (Boardwalk close to Dive St. Vincent) • Derelict wrecks (two in Blue Lagoon area and one off Grand View Point) • Anchor damage • Destructive fishing gears (seine nets and palang / bottom longline) • Social Threats (e.g. theft, drugs) Solutions to identified threats include: • Improved enforcement (land & sea) • Adequate drainage • The removal of wrecks • Conduction of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) and regular monitoring • Providing incentives (money) for the capture of lionfish • Zoning of activities and increased moorings • Park rangers (hiring individuals for enforcement management of the park) • A ban on the use of bottom long-line and seine nets in the SCMP • Prevention of beach encroachment and illegal coastal development by private land owners Most respondents (83%) indicate there are no serious conflicts among marine users in the areas. One respondent however indicated conflicts are inevitable because of the large amount of users in the SCMP. Another respondent noted there are issues with individuals bringing animals to the beach and bathing them while others are swimming the area.

Fifty percent of MRU respondents were aware of the SCMP, yet the actual boundaries of the proposed SCMP were not widely known. However, when the proposed SCMP boundaries were outlined to MRU respondents on a map, most (92%) agreed with the designated coastal boundaries. A field exercise should be undertaken to using GPS coordinates to visit and visually reference the offshore boundaries the waters 16

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

becoming extremely deep off the back of Rock Fort and the area is heavily used by fishers. MRUs indicate the types of marine activities allowed in the proposed SCMP should include swimming, sailing, kiteboarding, kayaking, fishing and the mooring of boats.

MRU INVENTORY RECOMMENDATIONS 

    

 

The total number of fishers utilising the area was difficult to determine due to the time constraint.

Therefore information on the actual number of fishers using the area and associated fishing grounds should be further investigated.

Nursery and breeding areas should be protected in the zoning design for the SCMP. Unplanned and unregulated coastal development should be enforced Infrastructure is needed for the SCMP such as washrooms, showers and pipe-borne water.

Erosion is an issue in the SCMP and regular beach profiling should be conducted to determine accretion rates.

Yachts and day tour boats without holding tanks should be encouraged to obtain tanks; and be educated and regulated to discharge waste at a stipulated distance offshore (1000 meters). In the long-term pump-out facilities should be installed in Blue Lagoon.

More detailed research on the health of marine biodiversity of the SCMP should be collected to build on the baseline data collected in this exercise.

Increased enforcement of laws and signage indicating coastal and marine laws such as fishing, littering as well as the prohibition of animals on the beach is required.

MANGROVE SURVEY T EAM M EMBERS    

Cornelius Lyttle (Forestry Department) Samuel Harry (Forestry Department) James Walsh (National Parks) Loretta John (Ministry of Health, Project Manager for Desertification)

Mangrove forests are rich in terrestrial and marine biodiversity as they provide a complex and important habitat for a variety of birds, while also providing a safe haven for juvenile fish. Mangrove forests protect coastal areas and built environments from storm surges and flooding, especially during hurricanes and tsunamis. Furthermore, mangroves also provide numerous ecosystem services, these include slowing water flow, trapping and recycling sediments and organic matter, while also acting as a biological filter able to break down a variety of heavy metals and nutrients. Mangroves also are important as they play a large role in carbon sequestration (the capturing and storing of carbon), sequestering five times as much carbon as rainforests. St. Vincent and the Grenadines contains a total of 69.34 ha of mangrove forest, comprising primarily of Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus), Red (Rhizophora mangle), White (Laguncularia racemosa) and Black (Avicennia germinans) mangrove species (MarSIS 2012; TNC 2013). Mangrove stands are found on the mainland of St. Vincent (Brighton Beach, Canash, Blue Lagoon, White Sand, Sion Hill), Bequia (Industry Bay, Ravine Bay, Friendship Bay, Jetty Bay), Isle Quatre (Mahault Bay), Mustique (Lagoon and Salt Pond near Airport), Canouan, Mayreau (Salt Pond), the Tobago Cays (Petit Bateau and Petit Rameau) with the largest stands found on Union Island (Ashton Lagoon, Belmont Salt Pond, Richmond Bay, Queensberry Point, Sand Bay, Frigate Island, Topion Bay, and Diablo).

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Table 1. Mangroves of SVG listed by island, area (hectares), species and type.

Island Area (Ha) Type Species St. Vincent 1.32 Fringe, Littoral Buttonwood, White Bequia 1.89 Littoral, Fringe Buttonwood, Red Isle Quatre 12.18 Littoral Buttonwood Mustique 9.62 Basin Red Canouan 6.85 Littoral, Fringe Buttonwood, Red Mayreau 0.53 Basin Red Tobago Cays 2.31 Fringe, Littoral Red, White, Buttonwood Union Island 34.64 Fringe, Littoral, Basin Red, Buttonwood

MANGROVE METHODOLOGY Reconnaissance site visits were made to all five identified mangroves on the mainland of St. Vincent.

Three (Blue Lagoon, Canash, White Sand) of the five remaining mangroves are located within the SCMP study area (Figure 6). A preliminary field observation was made to verify the presence, species, type and biophysical condition of each existing mangrove stand. During this visit, the extent of each mangrove stand was mapped using a handheld GPS device in order to subsequently determine the size of each mangrove. GPS waypoints were downloaded into ArcGIS and polygons were created to map, classify and calculate the areas of each stand of mangrove. Next, sample plots were established using predetermined bearing and distances with the use of standard forestry equipment (e.g. light board, compass, scale rule, protractor, calculator and scale 2D map). A total of five plots were set up in Brighton, each measuring fifteen feet in diameter with a distance of 146 feet apart. All mangrove trees which fell within that plot were counted, classified and heights were measured.

MANGROVE RESULTS There are only two species (Buttonwood, White) of mangrove remaining on the mainland, comprising a total of 1.32 ha. Three of five stands, or 48% (0.64 ha) of the mainland total is within the SCMP study area.

FIGURE 6. LOCATION OF MANRGROVES LOCATED IN THE PROPOSED SCMP STUDY AREA.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

The following provides a preliminary assessment of each of the remaining mangroves of mainland St. Vincent. The mangroves that are located in the proposed SCMP are indicated by an *.

B RIGHTON M ANGROVE        

(T REND = S TABLE )

1.60 acres of white mangrove Health: Good Threats: Fires, Housing encroachment, Herbicides, invasive species, illegal cutting, tethering, invasive species and unrestraint human activity Seedling: 4,563 Understory: Not pronounce Height: 50.9 ft Aquatic life: Fish (juveniles) and crabs Avian life: Black hawk, yellow crown night heron and clover

B LUE L AGOON M ANGROVE * (T REND = D ECLINING )        

1.30 acres of both white and buttonwood mangrove Health: Good Threats: Land Ownership, Fires, Industrialization, Seedling Disturbance (raking of beach), Over use, Cutting and Invasive species Seedling: 3,060 Understory: Not pronounce Height: 41.34 ft Aquatic: fish Avian: Black hawk, yellow crown night heron

W HITE S AND M ANGROVE * (T REND = D ECLINING )        

.11 acres of buttonwood mangrove Health: Good Threats: Land Ownership, Cutting, Seedling disturbance (raking of beach), Invasive species Seedling: 100 Understory: Not pronounce Height: 15 ft Aquatic: Nil Avian: Yellow crown night heron

C ANASH M ANGROVE *        

S ION H ILL M ANGROVE    

(T REND = D ECLINING )

15 acres buttonwood mangrove Health: Good Threats: Seedling disturbance(raking of beach), Invasive species, Over use, Cutting Seedling: Nil Understory: Not pronounce Height: 15 ft Aquatic: Nil Avian: Yellow crown night heron

(T REND = N EARLY E XTINCT )

0.08 acres both buttonwood and white mangrove Health: Good Threats: Cutting and Land Ownership Seedling: 150 19

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

   

Understory: Nil Height: 15 ft Aquatic: Fish Avian: Little blue heron

I DENTIFIED T HREATS TO M ANGROVES        

Coastal development and related projects Private land owners clearing and removing remnant mangrove trees and suppressing mangrove regeneration and recruitment Lack of community awareness and education in relation to the social, economic and ecological significance of mangrove forests Intertidal disruption due to the removal of the Red and Black mangroves Cutting of mangroves for wood and charcoal.

Introduced and invasive species out-competing the mangrove forest Suppression of mangrove regeneration through the spraying of herbicide Grazing of animals and suppression of regeneration

FIGURE 7. WHITE MANGROVE (LAGUNCULARIA RACEMOSA), ST. VINCENT MAINLAND

MANGROVE RECOMMENDATIONS         

Purchase and secure all private land with remnant mangrove forests.

Fence and protect the remnant areas of mangrove forest found on mainland Saint Vincent.

Install interpretive signage about the community and ecological benefits of mangrove ecosystems.

Hold workshops on the importance of mangroves for community groups and school groups.

Develop an educational and interpretive trail within the remnant area of mangrove forest.

Ensure ecotourism activities are aligned with and generate local livelihoods.

Identify and protect regenerating mangroves close to the remaining stands of mangrove forest.

Remove introduced and exotic species which are in close proximity to and or competing with remnant mangrove forests.

Collect and or propagate biological material from the remnant stands of mangrove forest and establish a mangrove nursery.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

  

Identify and establish multiple mangrove restoration sites across mainland Saint Vincent and actively start replanting mangroves.

Create a field based technical team that actively manages the remnant stands of mangrove forest and enforces the laws that protects them.

Develop partnerships with private land owners to preserve remnant mangroves while also protecting natural regeneration.

FIGURE 8. RECENTLY CUT WHITE MANGROVE

FIGURE 9. YELLOW CROWNED NIGHT HERON

BIOPHYSICAL MONITORING (WATER QUALITY, LBS POLLUTION, EROSION) T EAM M EMBERS    

Ayeola White (National Parks) Sternly Walker (National Parks) Alisa Martin (Fisheries Division) Renson Doyle (Ministry of Environment)

BIOPHYSICAL MONITORING METHODOLOGY Monitoring was conducted to identify the quality of water from point source pollution areas into the SCMP study area. Water quality monitoring can show how the impact of human activities, such as littering and improper solid waste disposal, are affecting the marine environment and consequences for human health as well as how climatic events such as flooding can result in increased ecosystem vulnerability. This monitoring programme builds on a UWI MSc. research conducted by A. White (2012) in which water samples were tested for iron, phosphates, nitrates, faecal coliform and total coliform to determine chemical water content and level of pollution in the SCMP. To assess water quality in the SCMP, a total of 33 sites were sampled over a two day period (22-23rd January, 2014; Table 3) from points along the six rivers/streams (Arnos Vale, Calliaqua, Canash); 18 onshore and 9 offshore points along the identified watersheds that drain into the coastal waters of the SCMP (Table 3). Collectively, two samples were collected from the Arnos Vale Bay, three samples each were collected from the Indian Bay, Villa and Calliaqua study area, and seven samples were taken along Blue Lagoon/Canash Bay study area. A total number of nine offshore samples were collected at

21

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

approximately 200m from the coastline; and a total of six samples were taken approximately 200m upstream of the coastline at each of identified rivers/streams. Temperature pH, salinity and turbidity were measured on-site by the team. Sterilised clear glass bottles (250ml) were provided by the Central Water and Sewerage Authority lab on each of the two sampling occasions. Each bottle was numbered consecutively and the sample number, and time collected were recorded for each site. Samples were delivered and tested by the CWSA for iron, phosphates, nitrates, faecal coliform and total coliform to determine chemical water content and levels of pollution.

TABLE 3. LOCATION AND NUMBER OF WATER QUALITY SAMPLES LISTED BY SITE. Location

Number of Samples Onshore Offshore River

White Sand

1

Blue Lagoon

2

1

Canash

4

1

1

Calliaqua

3

1

3

Villa

3

2

Indian Bay

3

2

Arnos Vale

2

1

2

As land-based sources (LBS) of pollution was previously identified as a significant threat to the marine environment of the SCMP, the biophysical team sought to map the location of all LBS points (using a handheld GPS) and categorise the type and sources of pollution as well as associated vegetation and human activities occurring in each area. The GIS and mapping team subsequent converted this information into GIS (Figure 10).

FIGURE 10. LOCATION OF LBS POLLUTION IN THE SCMP STUDY AREA.

Beach profiling was conducted at the four bays at each of the six beaches (White Sand, Blue Lagoon, Canash, Calliaqua, Villa Beach, Indian Bay Beach) in the proposed SCMP (Figure 11). At each beach the distance, elevation, bearings and coordinates were measured and recorded. A compass, measuring tape and clinometer were used to carry out the activity. A measuring tape was used to measure distance from 22

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

the berm to the where water breaks at the sea shore. A clinometer was used to measure the elevation/slope of the distance from the berm to the sea shore. A compass was used to identify the bearings/location. Photos for beach profiling were also taken. As this was the first beach profile, there is no data to compare and therefore no results are presented in this report.

FIGURE 11. LOCATION OF BEACH PROFILE MONITORING SITES.

BIOPHYSICAL MONITORING RESULTS Results from the biophysical monitoring were grouped and averaged into four main areas (Blue Lagoon, Calliaqua, Villa/Indian Bay, Arnos Vale). Similar to the marine habitat surveys an overall grade was assigned to each general area in the SCMP and detailed results for each parameter tested was not distributed to stakeholders.

B LUE L AGOON The main types of pollution were from both commercial and residential (grey water, litter, sediments and derelict boats) sources. Water quality results were fair.

C ALLIAQUA The main types of pollution were both from commercial and residential (brown water, grey water, litter, metal (vehicular), sediments) sources.

The results from the water quality results were very poor.

V ILLA /I NDIAN B AY The main types of pollution were mainly from commercial (grey water) sources. The results from the water quality results were poor.

A RNOS V ALE The main types of pollution were both from commercial and residential (litter, grey water, sediments) sources. The results from the water quality results were very poor.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

BIOPHYSICAL MONITORING RECOMMENDATIONS          

Inspection of septic tanks close to the beach & treatment of water before depositing into the sea Improved watershed management & re-vegetation of watersheds to decrease sedimentation Increased enforcement to reduce litter and dumping overall Monitor and enforce illegal coastal and watershed development / farming Regular removal of sediments to prevent pooling Set up recycling depot of wastes: oil (motor & cooking), plastics, grey water, etc.

Create alternative livelihoods that combat pollution in the area More training is required for thorough analysis of results More time is required to allow for dialogue with users of SCMP in relation to pollution issues Additional equipment needed: water sampling bottles, sampling cup with an extendable arm, compass, beach shoes, clinometer

SOCIO-ECONOMIC MONITORING TOURISM (ACCOMMODATION & RESTAURANTS) SOCIO-ECONOMIC MONITORING T EAM M EMBERS    

Camille Soleyn (Ministry of Tourism) Jewelene Charles Scott (Ministry of Tourism) Racquel Hamlet (Ministry of Tourism) Jacqui English (SVG Tourism Authority)

TOURISM METHODOLOGY The tourism SocMon survey was conducted using qualitative approach to collect primary data from accommodations and restaurants. A questionnaire comprising of open ended and close ended questions was compiled and administered by the tourism team to respondents in the SCMA. Each interview took approximately 15 – 20 minutes to complete. A copy of the questionnaire is given as Appendix V. Monitoring parameters relevant for the socio-economic tourism SocMon survey included:  Livelihood assessment of the sector  Environment practices o Waste management o Energy management o Water management o Chemical use  Community/societal beliefs  Economic contribution

TOURISM RESULTS A total of 28 stakeholders were identified in the SCMP accommodation and restaurant tourism sector; 21 being accommodations (hotels, apartments, guest houses) and 7 restaurants (Table 4). A total of 23 surveys (16 accommodations and 7 restaurants) were conducted from January 22nd – 24th. On January 2728th preliminary data analysis was conducted with the use of MS Excel. Unfortunately due to time constraints, the much of information gathered in the accommodation and restaurant surveys was not able 24

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

to be analysed and will require additional time and training for thorough analysis. The following are the preliminary findings and recommendations that were presented to stakeholders at meetings.

TABLE 4. LIST OF ACCOMMODATION & RESTAURANTS IN THE SCMP STUDY AREA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Properties Identified Paradise Beach Hotel Beachcombers Hotel Sunset Shores Hotel Mariners Grand View Fitness Quest Rosewood Apartment T Apartment Findley Apartment Sea Breeze Young Island Hillside Apartments Tranqility Beach Apartment Canash Beach Apartment White Sand Cottages Sea Splash Barefoot Suites Marina Hotel Ridge View Apartment Eco Bay Guest House Sky Blue Apartments

Surveyed Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Restaurants SOV Drift Wood High Tide French Veranda Surfside Grand View Grill Black Pearl

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Of the 14 accommodations surveyed, one resort, four hotels and nine apartments provide a total of 207 rooms in the SCMP study area. A total of 295 persons are employed; 239 persons in the accommodation sector of which 88% (210 persons) are employed full-time and 12% (29 persons) part-time and 56 person in the restaurant sector of which 96% (54 persons) are employed full-time and 4% (2 persons) are parttime. Tourists contribute the vast majority (78%) of revenue for the accommodation sector and to 50% of the revenue of their associated restaurants.

The largest identified threat (75%) in the SCMP area was improper garbage disposal, followed by flooding and erosion (10%), sand mining (5%), absence of holding tanks and improper sewage disposal (5%) as well as all above issues (10%) contribute to environmental degradation. In terms of environmental 25

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

practices, all interviewees report that they presently utilise energy saving practices and regularly dispose of solid waste. Only one accommodation reported to use a septic tank and the majority (93%) utilise a soak away for liquid waste disposal. More than half (64%) of accommodations use biodegradable products, 71% ask guests to reuse materials (e.g. towels), 29% recycle and one accommodation composts food waste. Three restaurants reported that they have operational grease traps, yet more than half of those interviewed were unaware of whether or not the property had a grease trap. One key finding is that all interviewees expressed interested in participating in environmental programmes and becoming involved in the management of the SCMP.

TOURISM RECOMMENDATIONS  

      

Stakeholder sensitisation of environmental practices and the importance of recycling waste.

Increase education and awareness of the various types of environmental accreditation/certification programs. Representatives should be invited from environmental entities (e.g. Green Globe) to hold consultations with local stakeholders to determine most appropriate ‘green hotel’ programme for SVG. Funding should be sourced to train stakeholders in environmental practices and purchase associated supplies and equipment.

Enforcement of fines for the burning of garbage, improper waste disposal, etc.

Implement stakeholder training workshops on recycling and energy saving techniques in conjunction with VINLEC and Solid Waste Unit.

Implement an ‘Adopt a Site’ programme upon the designation of the SCMP. Conduct a national PR campaign on the linkage between environmental practices and biodiversity.

Additional training is required to better analyse and interpret information collected.

Future data collection should be conducted on a shift system as some establishments open in the evening, or management is only available at evenings and appointments should be scheduled.

BUSINESSES & RESIDENCES TEAM MEMBERS   



Andrew Lockhart (National Parks, Rivers and Beaches Authority) Carlina LaBorde (Fisheries Division) St. Joel Warren (Central Planning Division) Todd Lewis (Environmental Management Department)

BUSINESSES & RESIDENCES METHODOLOGY Surveys were administered to business and residences in the SCMP using both open and closed ended questions (Appendix VI). Convenience sampling technique was used for residents. All businesses were targeted and included local bakeries, mini-marts, grocers, garages, mariners and small shops in the SCMP coastal area.

Monitoring parameters used include:  Uses and threats to the coastal and marine environment  Possible solutions to threats to the marine and coastal environment  Environmental practices o Disposal of solid, liquid and hazardous waste o Use of eco-friendly products 26

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

  

o Interest in becoming eco-friendly Alternative livelihoods Public awareness of SCMP Management of the SCMP

BUSINESSES & RESIDENCES RESULTS A total of 65 surveys were conducted; comprising of 37 residences and 28 businesses (Figure 12).

Approximately 90% of all of the identified businesses in the SCMP study area were surveyed. More than half of these stakeholders are located in the Calliaqua area. Pollution was identified (by 66% of local businesses and residences) as the greatest threat to the SCMP area. Proper solid waste management, education and enforcement were the most commonly recommended solutions (Figure 13).

FIGURE 12. DEPICTS THE LOCATION OF THE BUSINESSES AND RESIDENCES SURVEYED IN THE SCMP.

FIGURE 13. IDENTIFIED SOLUTIONS TO THREATS BY LOCAL BUSINESSES AND RESIDENCES RESPONDENTS.

The majority of businesses (77%) use the public Solid Waste Management (SWM) services. Most business dispose of their liquid/hazardous waste by either a soak away or the drain pipes and almost all (93%) utilise septic tanks. The majority of businesses (79%) do not have a grease trap and 35% report that they recycle. Despite these practices, 82% of the respondents are interested in making their business and residences eco-friendly and believe more public awareness is needed in this regard.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Approximately 58% of interviewees knew of the proposed SCMP, although most (81%) persons interviewed think that the South Coast should be managed better. The majority (60%) of businesses and residences surveyed suggest a co-management approach should be implemented.

BUSINESSES & RESIDENCES RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations to improve the management of the SCMP include:  Increased monitoring, surveillance and enforcement  Tree planting and beautification  Signage about the marine park and its biodiversity  On-site management and staff such as wardens  Infrastructure: park office, public restrooms & showers, trash bins, boardwalk, jetty  Public involvement and education  Better solid waste management (land and sea) Most persons report that the generation of alternative livelihoods should be included as part of the development of the SCMP. Training was requested in food handling, customer service/ relations, arts and crafts and tour guiding. The development of activities such as ‘Fish Nite’ and ‘Fish Fest’ as well as ecotourism activities such as sailing, kayaking and bird watching were also recommended.

GIS & MAPPING T EAM MEMBERS  

Dornet Hull (Physical Planning) Cornelius Lyttle (Forestry)

GIS & MAPPING METHODOLOGY Information collected from marine and mangrove habitat and MRU surveys were digitised (either as points, lines or polygons) and attribute schema for the feature classes was created and integrated using ArcGIS and QGIS. Composite maps were produced (i.e., critical coastal and marine resources, space-use patterns and areas of threat or issues) and will need to validated by coastal community stakeholders (including all stakeholders participating in mapping exercises) to obtain feedback before being rendered complete. This process will also support understanding and ownership in the spatial information produced for the SCMP.

GIS & MAPPING RESULTS Marine habitat and mangrove maps were presented previously (Figures 4 & 6). The following is a draft map of the marine resources and space-uses occurring in the SCMP (Figure 14). Due to the short timeframe and limited GIS capacity of the persons trained during this exercise, it should be noted that this information and map have not been validated by stakeholders. Additional time is required to present and validate this information with SCMP stakeholders before rending them complete.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

FIGURE 14. DRAFT MAP OF RESOURCES AND SPACE-USES OF THE SCMP BASED ON MRU MAPPING EXERCISES.

GIS & MAPPING RECOMMENDATIONS As previously mentioned, overall GIS capacity is low within the cross-sectoral agencies that participated in the training exercise. Of the participating agencies, only Physical Planning and the Forestry Department actively utilise GIS. Despite this, it should be recognised that a number of participating officers (S. Labban, A. White, K. Isaacs, S. Connell, S. Harry) have had formal GIS training. Therefore additional practical training is strongly recommended to allow for increased GIS capacity across a larger range of agencies. This could easily allow for the increased production of GIS data among the various agencies and be of use to better inform integrated decision-making and planning initiatives.

STAKEHOLDER VALIDATION & FEEDBACK MEETINGS On Tuesday, 28th January 2014 two stakeholder validation meetings were held to share preliminary findings and obtain feedback. The first meeting (primarily for government stakeholders) was held at the National Insurance Services (NIS) training room at 1pm and the second meeting (primarily for community stakeholders) was held at 6pm on the Calliaqua Playing Field / Fisheries Complex. Both meetings were well attended with more than 30 persons in attendance at each. A copy of the presentation is included as Appendix VI. At each meeting, sign in sheets were distributed and all feedback and comments were recorded and included in the appropriate sections of this report. Overall stakeholders agreed with the findings of this study and these preliminary results were validated by attendees. At the Calliaqua meeting, there was a sense of frustration from the community that the identified pollution and coastal development issues have been on-going for many years and that management and mitigation is urgently needed.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER TRAINING & MONITORING This rapid inventory and assessment effort has provided a substantial amount of ecological, biophysical, social and economic baseline data and information of the abundance and variety of coastal and marine biodiversity and associated uses provided by the proposed SCMP study area. Additionally, this crosssectoral exercise has served to build capacity in environmental and socio-economic monitoring as well as the application of an integrated and collaborative management approach. Despite the substantial progress made during this initiative, further research, monitoring and training are essential. Namely, the establishment of permanent reef and seagrass monitoring sites as well as the quantification of sedimentation rates across the SCMP are necessary. Additional effort is needed to continue surveying MRUs (particularly fishers) and accurately quantify and validate the initial resource and space-use profile information produced. One lesson learned as a result of this exercise is the need to strengthen data analysis skills across all sectoral teams. A large amount of socio-economic information collected during this exercise, although extremely valuable, was not analysed or presented in this report due to the short timeframe and limited data analysis capacity. An additional training session in data analysis and reporting including the use of GIS and spatial data conversion is strongly recommended to allow for the full utilisation of information collected and strengthening of capacity in this regard. Likewise additional survey equipment and training is identified for biophysical and marine monitoring parameters.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MARINE ZONING & MANAGEMENT PLAN From the 20-28th of January 2014, a training exercise and baseline assessment of the South Coast of St. Vincent was undertaken using a rapid assessment field survey approach. The produced spatial habitat, resource and space-use information will be of use for the preparation of a marine multi-use zoning design and the establishment of an appropriate management structure and plan for the SCMP. Key stakeholders are identified and have indicated number of potential zones (fishing, recreation, yachting, tourism, conservation) that should be considered in the subsequent development of the SCMP. Overall most stakeholders interviewed have knowledge of the proposed marine park. Although the precise boundaries were not widely recognised by the community at large, the vast majority of those interviewed agreed with the proposed boundaries (as shown in Figure 1). All stakeholders surveyed (MRUs, tourism, businesses, residents) express interest in participating in the management of the proposed SCMP and support a co-management cross-sector approach. Stakeholders recommend that the SCMP multistakeholder steering committee should be established and comprise of representatives of the identified stakeholders. Furthermore, assistance in terms of grants should be pursued in terms of marine park infrastructure such as beach showers and restroom facilities, waste disposal, recycling and associated signage that will be required should be pursued.

Analogous to previous research, pollution and coastal development are perceived by stakeholders in this study to pose a significant threat to human health and the coastal and marine environment of the proposed SCMP. Environmental practices of hotels, businesses and residences operating in the South Coast area can be improved. The vast majority of stakeholders interviewed are interested in ‘greening’ their establishments, yet increased education and awareness of certification programmes and recycling infrastructure is required. Proposed solutions include increased management and enforcement of all relevant (land and sea) environmental regulations (hiring rangers for enforcement), community education and the development of alternative livelihoods to combat pollution (i.e. recycling solid and liquid wastes) and other identified threats (i.e. lionfish fishery marketing and culling patrols). Grant funding should be sought to mitigate threats and engage stakeholders in these activities.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

Recommended next steps for the development of the SCMP include:  Development of a cross-sector and stakeholder steering committee  Development of a vision and management objectives  Continued mapping and validation of resources and human activities  Determination of the boundaries and designated marine uses (or zones)  Identification of threats and user conflicts  Evaluation of trade-offs and mitigation measures  Review of the legal and institutional management framework for the SCMP  Determination of the operational structure of the SCMP  Identify issues that should be addressed in the SCMP management plan

REFERENCES At the Waters Edge (AWE). 2011. Coastal Resilience for Grenada and St. Vincent and the Grenadines: An integrated approach to disaster and risk reduction. The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Caribbean.

Baldwin, K. 2011. Developing a Framework for a Comprehensive Marine Multi-use Zoning Plan for the Grenadine Islands. For The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Caribbean Program. CERMES, University of the West Indies, Barbados.

Baldwin, K., 2012. A Participatory Marine Resource & Space-use Information System for the Grenadine Islands: An ecosystem approach to collaborative planning for management of transboundary marine resources. PhD Thesis. University of the West Indies.

CCCRA. 2012. Caribbean Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCCRA) Profile for St. Vincent and the Grenadines. CaribSave, Barbados. Pp 15-20.

Dow, W., K. Eckert, M. Palmer and P. Kramer. 2007. An Atlas of Sea Turtle Nesting Habitat for the Wider Caribbean Region. The Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network and The Nature Conservancy. WIDECAST Technical Report No. 6. Beaufort, North Carolina.

Edwards, L. 2011. Terms of Reference. Marine park planning for the proposed South Coast Marine Park, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. UNEP-CEP CaMPAM mid-size grant project.

Hoggarth D. 2007. Tobago Cays Marine Park (TCMP): 2007-2009 management plan. St. Lucia: Environment and Sustainable Development Unit, Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States.

Isaacs, K. 2012. Lionfish Action Plan for St. Vincent and the Grenadines. St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Fisheries Division. Unpublished report.

Kilgo, J. and L. Edwards. 2010. South Coast Marine Conservation Area AGRRA. Unpublished manuscript.

Labban, S., K. Isaacs and H.A. Oxenford. 2013. The reef fishery in St. Vincent. 66th Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, Corpus Christi, Texas.

Lee D. 2009. St. Vincent and the Grenadines national parks and protected areas systems plan 2010-2014.

St. Vincent: Ministry of Tourism.

Lockhart, A., B. Latham, B. John, L. Edwards, S. Walker, M. Pena and K. Blackman. 2013. Socio-economic data for informing management planning at the South Coast Marine Conservation Area, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Socio-economic Monitoring by Caribbean Challenge MPA Managers Project Report No. 9.

US Agency International Development: Caribbean Open Trade Support (USAID-COTS) 2010. Sand mining in St. Vincent and the Grenadines: Impacts and options.

White, A. 2012. A vulnerability assessment of the proposed, St. Vincent and the Grenadines South Coast Marine Conservation Area (SCMCA) to climate variability and human activities. MSc Research Paper. University of the West Indies.

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

APPENDICES APPENDIX I. PRESENTATION SLIDES USED FOR THE TRAINING FOR THE BASELINE ASSESSMENT OF THE SCMP

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

33

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES APPENDIX II. LIST OF BENTHIC SPECIES OBSERVED IN THE SCMP LISTED BY COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAME

Hard Corals Elkhorn coral Boulder brain coral Grooved brain coral Symmetrical brain coral Boulder star coral Mountainous star coral Branching fire coral Blade fire coral Box fire coral Mustard hill coral Finger coral Lesser starlet coral (+ recruits) Massive starlet coral Golfball coral Maze coral Yellow pencil coral Smooth flower coral

Acropora palmata Colpophyllia natans Diploria labyrinthiformis Diploria strigosa Montastrea annularis Montastrea faveolata Millepora alcicornis Millepora complanata Millepora squarrosa Porites astreoides Porites porites Siderastrea radians Siderastrea siderea Favia fragum Meandrina meandrites Madracis mirabilis Eusmilia fastigiata

Macro Algae Cyanobacteria Encrusting coralline algae Spiny seaweed Watercress alga Flat feather alga Y branched alga Sea pearl Green calcareous algae Pinecone algae Mermaid's fan algae Bristle brush algae Fuzzy finger algae Blade and Scroll algae

Acanthophora spicifera Amphiroa triblulus Caulerpa racemosa Dictyota sp Ventricaria ventricosa Halimeda sp.

Rhipocephalus sp.

Udotea sp.

Penicillus sp.

Dasycladus sp.

Padina sp.

Seagrass Shoal grass Midrib seagrass Turtle seagrass Manatee grass

Halodule wrightii Halophila baillonis Thalassia testudinum Syringodium filiforme

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES APPENDIX III. FISH SPECIES OBSERVED DURING THE SCMP INVENTORY FISHES Blennies (1) Redlip blenny Boxfishes (1) Smooth trunkfish Butterflyfishes (2) Banded butterflyfish Spotfin butterflyfish Damselfishes (8) Bicolor damselfish Blue chromis Brown chromis Cocoa damselfish Dusky damselfish Longfin damselfish Sergeant major Yellowtail damselfish Filefishes (1) Orangespotted filefish Flounders (1) Peacock flounder Goatfishes (2) Spotted goatfish Yellow goatfish Gobies (1) Cleaning goby Groupers (2) Coney Grasby Grunts (3) Caesar grunt French grunt Smallmouth grunt Lionfish (1) Red lionfish Lizardfishes (1) Sand diver Moray eels (2) Sharpnose eel Spotted moray Needlefishes (1) Half beak Parrotfishes (7) Princess parrotfish Queen parrotfish Redband parrotfish Redtail parrotfish Stoplight parrotfish Striped parrotfish Yellowtail parrotfish Porcupinefishes (1) Porcupinefish Sea Chubs (1) Bermuda chub Snappers (1) Yellowtail snapper Squirrelfishes (2) Blackbar soldierfish Squirrefish Surgeonfishes (3) Blue tang Doctorfish Ocean surgeon Trumpetfishes (1) Trumpetfish Wrasses (6) Blue head wrasse Clown wrasse Creole wrasse Slippery dick Spanish hogfish Yellowhead wrasse

OTHER VERTEBRATES Sea turtle (Hawksbill) INVERTEBRATES Bearded fireworm Caribbean reef squid Caribbean spiny lobster Common octopus Donkey dung sea cucumber Long-spined sea urchin Queen conch Sand dollar sp.

Sponge spp.

West Indian sea egg

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

APPENDIX IV. MARINE RESOURCE USERS SURVEYS DIVE SHOP SURVEY FORMS The Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment (MOHWE) is currently implementing the project titled National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) Revision and 5th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) with the main goal of enabling St Vincent and the Grenadines to revise its NBSAP and to develop the Fifth National Report to the CBD. A marine Assessment of the South Coast area will run from the 20th- 27th January, 2014 and will seek to map the mangrove and marine habitats, coastal and marine resources, space-uses and threats occurring in the area; as well as conducting monitoring of the reef & mangrove health, water quality, pollution, turtles population, etc. The main objective of the assessment is to rapidly conduct a baseline assessment of the area in order to prepare for planning the designation of the area as St. Vincent's next marine park.

Date: _________________________ Business name_____________________________ Name of Interviewer: _____________________________________ Building Number________ Phone # ______________________ Email: _____________________________________ (1) # Boats__________ Capacity each ____________# trips/week____ High ___Low Season (2) Engine Stroke __________ HP of each_____________________ (3) How many persons work for this dive shop? ________ FT_______ PT _______ (4) Do you dive in areas within the Marine Conservation Area? Yes No (5) If Yes, How frequently do you use the Marine Park? ____________ (weekly basis) (6) Where do you think the boundary of the park should be? (Map) (7) Do you educate individuals before a dive?

Yes No (Get any handouts ) (8) Do you recognise pollution to be the greatest threat to the marine environment in the South Coast? Yes / No (9) (Please map pollution areas) & recommend what could be done to alleviate this problem?

Other Threats Environment

(10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21)

to

the

Marine

Causes

Possible Solutions

Indicate on the map where you perceive marine resources are most threatened (see map) Have you seen the lionfish in area?

Yes No If yes, how many on average do you encounter during a dive? ____ Any in the SCMCA? Please locate where (Map) Do you encounter conflicts in the area?

Yes No If yes, what & where are the conflicts you encounter with other users in the area? (Map) Are you interested in alternative livelihood opportunities? YES / NO Ideas of what you could want training in?

Do you think the South Coast area should be managed Better? YES/NO HOW? What activities do you think should be allowed?

Where do you think the South Coast Marine Park boundaries should be? (MAP) Do you have social problems (such as vandalism of boats, drugs, other)?

Yes No LIST OTHERS & Map Mapping exercise: Please locate dive sites in SCMCA, dive training areas, nursery grounds, sea turtle nesting, seabird area, baitfishing, sand mining, mangrove cutting, dredging, erosion, sedimentation plumes, dumping sites, anchorages, ship wrecks, other issues or uses?

Will you be able to come to a meeting on Tuesday evening - What time is best for you?_________ AM/PM THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING!

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES FISHING SURVEY FORM The Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment (MOHWE) is currently implementing the project titled National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) Revision and 5th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) with the main goal of enabling St Vincent and the Grenadines to revise its NBSAP and to develop the Fifth National Report to the CBD. A marine Assessment of the South Coast area will run from the 20th- 27th January, 2014 and will seek to map the mangrove and marine habitats, coastal and marine resources, space-uses and threats occurring in the area; as well as conducting monitoring of the reef & mangrove health, water quality, pollution, turtles population, etc. The main objective of the assessment is to rapidly conduct a baseline assessment of the area in order to prepare for planning the designation of the area as St. Vincent's next marine park.

Date: ________________________ Location: __________________________________ Time__________________ Name of Interviewer: __________________________ _________________________ Building Number____________ Name of Fisher: _________________________________ Age______ _ Years fishing ______ Part of Association YES / NO Phone #_____________________________ Email ____________________________ ___ Preferred method PHONE / EMAIL 1.

Do you fish commercially or recreationally? How many days/wk_________ 2.

If fishing done commercially, how much of your income do you make from fishing? <½ ½ >½ All 3.

Types of fishing gears used? _____________________________________________________ 4.

Do you fish all year?

Yes No 5.

If no, what months do you fish?

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 1.

How long have you been fishing in this Villa, Indian Bay, Calliaqua area? _____ (yrs) 2.

Other uses for the Villa, Indian Bay, Calliaqua area include? (bathing, market, boat maintenance) (Map each) 3.

Type (s) of fishes caught in Indian Bay, Villa, Calliaqua, Canash Areas (MAP areas) (Conch Lobster Fish – List types fish) 4. the South Coast Park area for fishing on a weekly basis? ___________ 5.

Do you own a boat? Yes No 6.

If yes, where do you moor your boat during a storm event?__________________________ 7.

Do you know of any areas in SCMCA where fish gather to breed?

Yes No (MAP) 8.

Do you know of any nursery areas?

Yes No (MAP) 9.

Are you aware of any area(s) where the following occurs? If yes, then MAP areas of each.

Erosion Yes No Flooding Yes No Dredging Yes No Sand Mining Yes No Mangrove Cutting Yes No 10. Are you aware of any turtle nesting beaches?

Yes No (MAP) If yes, what types of turtles 11. Are there important bird nesting areas? (MAP) List types seen____________________________________________________ 12. Do you think pollution is the greatest threat to the marine environment in the South Coast? Yes/No If not – what is?

13. If yes, what should be done to alleviate these problems?

14.

Other Problems in the Area (MAP) Possible Solutions

(1) Do you encounter conflicts in the area?

Yes No (2) If yes, what conflicts you encounter with other users in the area? (& MAP) Do you think the South Coast area should be managed Better? YES / NO HOW? What activities do you think should be allowed ?

Where do you think the South Coast Marine Park boundaries should be? (MAP) Will you be able to come to a meeting on Tuesday evening - What time is best for you?_________ AM/PM THANK YOU FOR PARTICIPATING!

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

VENDORS SURVEY FORM The Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment (MOHWE) is currently implementing the project titled National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) Revision and 5th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) with the main goal of enabling St Vincent and the Grenadines to revise its NBSAP and to develop the Fifth National Report to the CBD. A marine Assessment of the South Coast area will run from the 20th- 27th January, 2014 and will seek to map the mangrove and marine habitats, coastal and marine resources, space-uses and threats occurring in the area; as well as conducting monitoring of the reef & mangrove health, water quality, pollution, turtles population, etc. The main objective of the assessment is to rapidly conduct a baseline assessment of the area in order to prepare for planning the designation of the area as St. Vincent's next marine park.

Date: _________________________ Location: _____________________________ Name of Interviewer: __________________________ Building Number_______________________ Name of Vendor: _____________________________ Phone ______________________________ Email_________________________________ Best way to reach you: PHONE / EMAIL 1.

Are you from the area Yes No Where?___________________________ 2.

How long have you been in the business of vending? ____yrs & # days/wk ___________ Types of goods sold at site? snacks beverages crafts and jewelery Other_____________________________________________________________________ How much of your income do you make vending? <½ ½ >½ All 3.

Do you think pollution to be the largest threat to the areas?

Yes No 4.

If yes, what are some possible solutions to curb this problem? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Other Threats to the Marine Causes Possible Solutions Environment

5.

Do you have conflicts with other users of the area?

Yes No 6.

If yes, what conflict do you encounter?

7.

What facilities are available for use at the site?

Pipe borne water washrooms waste disposal facilities 8.

Would you like to have these facilities available?

Yes No 9.

What else is needed to improve the area or your livelihood?

10. Do you recycle? YES / NO 11. What do you do with waste? __________________________________________________ 12. Are you interested in alternative livelihood opportunities? YES / NO Ideas of what you could want training in?

Do you think the South Coast area should be managed Better? YES / NO HOW? 13. What activities do you think should be allowed?

14. Where do you think the South Coast Marine Park boundaries should be? (MAP) 15. Will you be able to come to a meeting on Tuesday evening - What time is best for you?

other

Thank you for participating

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES DAY TOURS & YACHTING CO. SURVEY The Ministry of Health, Wellness and the Environment (MOHWE) is currently implementing the project titled National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) Revision and 5th National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) with the main goal of enabling St Vincent and the Grenadines to revise its NBSAP and to develop the Fifth National Report to the CBD. A marine Assessment of the South Coast area will run from the 20th- 27th January, 2014 and will seek to map the mangrove and marine habitats, coastal and marine resources, space-uses and threats occurring in the area; as well as conducting monitoring of the reef & mangrove health, water quality, pollution, turtles population, etc. The main objective of the assessment is to rapidly conduct a baseline assessment of the area in order to prepare for planning the designation of the area as St. Vincent's next marine park.

Date: ________________________ Location: __________________________________ Tme__________________ Name of Interviewer: __________________________ _________________________ Building Number____________ Name: _________________________________ Age______ _ Years touring ______ Part of Association YES / NO Phone #_____________________________ Email ____________________________ ___ Preferred method PHONE / EMAIL 15. Are you from the area Yes No Where______________________________ 16. How many persons do you employ_____ FT____PT____ How many # tours /wk _______ 17. How much of your income do you make from tours? <½ ½ >½ All 18. Types of tours _____________________________________________________________________ 19. How many boats _____ Capacity each _______________ Stroke________ HP____________ 20. Do you have bathrooms on board? YES / NO Holding Tank YES / NO 21. Do you give an environmental briefing? YES / NO Use handouts or signs posted? YES / NO 22. How often to you use the South Coast Park area for tours on a weekly basis? ___________ 23. What areas do you use for touring acitivities Indian Bay, Villa, Calliaqua, Canash Areas (Snorkeling, Kayaking, Bird watching, Whale watching, Picnicking, Others) MAP area for each type of activities List other activities 24. If not touring, How do you use the Villa, Indian Bay, Calliaqua area? (bathing, recreational fishing, boat maintenance, recreation) Map each 25. What facilities are available for use at the site? Pipe borne water washrooms waste disposal facilities 26. What do you do with waste water? Soak Away Drain Pipe Other_______________ 27. How is your sewage disposed of?

Septic tank In the sea Other_________________________ 28. Do you recycle? YES / NO Do you compost YES / NO Reuse Grey Water YES / NO 29. Would you be interested in making your business more environmentally friendly? YES NO 30. What else is needed to improve the South Coast area or your livelihood?

MARINE RESOURCES 31. Do you know of any areas in SCMCA where fish gather to breed?

Yes No (MAP) 32. Do you know of any nursery areas?

Yes No (MAP AREA and SPECIES) 33. Are you aware of any turtle nesting beaches?

Yes / No (MAP) If yes, what types turtles?

34. Are there important areas for birds? (MAP LOCATION and SPECIES IF KNOWN) 35. Key areas used by fishers in Villa, Indian Bay, Calliaqua area? (MAP) 36. Are you aware of any area(s) the following occurs? If yes, then MAP areas of each.

Erosion Yes No Flooding Yes No Dredging Yes No Sand Mining Yes No Mangrove Cutting Yes No Dumping or Areas with Litter Yes No Do you think pollution to be the greatest threat to the marine environment in the South Coast? Yes / No If not – what is?

What should be done to alleviate these problems?

Other Problems in the Area (MAP)

Possible Solutions

Do you encounter conflicts in the area?

Yes No If yes, what conflicts you encounter with other users in the area? (& MAP) Do you think the South Coast area should be managed Better? YES / NO HOW? What activities do you think should be allowed?

Where do you think the South Coast Marine Park boundaries should be? (MAP) Do you think enough is being done to educate the public about the importance of this protected area? ``Yes / No Any recommendations?

Would you like to become involved in the management of this area? Yes / No How? Will you be able to come to a meeting on Tuesday evening - What time is best for you?

Thank you for participating!

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES APPENDIX V. SURVEYS ADMINISTERED TO THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR

HOTEL & RESTAURANT OPERATOR SURVEY FORM

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

What is the name of the hotel? .............. ...................................................

What is the name of the Owner? Name of the Manager if different from the owner?

Phone………………. Email………………………………………..

Type of establishment .........................................................................

Room Capacity ........................................................

Number of persons employed? .......................... Full time ..........................................

Part time ...............................

7. What is your service offering? .........................................................................................................

8. When is your peak season? ...............................................................................

9. Who is your target market? .......................................................... Locals ....................... Visitors ....................

10. What percentage of your visitor type arrive by: Air ........... Yacht ......... Cruise ship ...........

Other 11. What segment of your target market contributes most to your establishment? Locals % ...... Visitors % .........

Environment: 12. Do you incorporate any sustainable environmental best practices? Yes/No Kindly elaborate 13. Is your establishment environmentally certified? Yes 12b. If no, have you considered certification by a recognized environmental organisation?

14. What method/tools do you utilize to encourage your customers to be environmentally conscious?

15. What percentage of your visitors has expressed interest in the following activites?

Eco/Nature tourism ............................... Heritage/Culture ...........................

Fishing .................. Diving/Snorkelling ....................... Sailing ..................... Beaches Waste Disposal: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

How do you dispose of your solid wastes?

Do you burn rubbish and or organic matter?

Are you aware that you can earn money collecting and recycling plastic bottles and cans?

How do you dispose of your grey water (waste water)?

Are you aware that you can irrigate your garden with grey water (washing water)?

How do you manage your sewage? Do you divert it to the ocean, or do you have a soak away or septic tank?

How many pipes / drains (point sources of pollution) do you have entering SCMCA? Do you have a installed and operational grease trap?

Can you attend a meeting on Tuesday?

If so what time?

Thank you for participating!

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES APPENDIX VI. SURVEYS ADMINISTERED TO THE BUSINESSES AND RESIDENCES OF THE SCMP

ID #__ /__Q# __ /__ GOSVG - 5 NBSAP-SCMCA Business Survey Date: Name of Business Name of owner Phone ____________________Email ______________ Best way to contact: Email / Phone Sex: MALE / FEMALE Respondent: Location: Bldg. # _______ Number of employees _______ Full time _________ Part time_________ What are the largest threats to the coastal and marine environment?

Do you think pollution to be the greatest threat to the marine environment in the South Coast? Yes No If not â&#x20AC;&#x201C; what is?_____________________________________________________________________________________ What can be done to reduce these threats?

How do you use the coast and marine area ______________________________________________________________ Where ______________________________________and how often? Daily weekly Monthly Which of the following waste materials are most commonly produced at your facility?

Yard waste Paper OrganicsGLASS FOOD OIL PAINT Cans Plastics Tires MOTOR OIL METAL Fiberglass Other __________________________________________________________ How do you dispose of your solid waste? ______________________________________ Disposed of at sea Collected on a regular basis by the local authorities / other Stored until time of collection Burnt Other_________________________________________________________________ Do you have a grease trap?

Yes No. Is it operational?

Yes No Do you think that your method of solid waste treatment have any possible effects on the environment and human health? Yes No Please explain Have you ever received any complaints from guests/neighboring villagers about your methods of waste disposal?

Yes No If yes, explain: Are sewage and waste water treated on the property? Yes No How do you dispose of your waste water? Soak Away Drain Pipe Other____________________________ How is your sewage disposed of? Septic tank In the sea Treatment plant off property Other ______________ How do you dispose of your hazardous waste materials such as bleach and cleaning chemicals used in kitchens?

In the sea In the landfill Sewage plant In the drain Regular garbage Other__________ Are efforts being made to purchase products that are environmentally friendly? Yes No Where purchased?

Do you recycle? Yes No Would you be interested in recycling if a business was set up in the area? Yes No Do you know that the Indian Bay, Villa, Calliaqua & Canash is a protected area? Yes No Do you think the South Coast area should be managed better? YES / NO HOW?___________________ Do you think enough is being done to educate the public about the importance of this protected area?

Yes / No Any recommendations?

Would you be interested in making your business more environmentally friendly?

YES / NO Ideas of how: __________________________________________________________________________________ Would you like to become involved in the management of this area?

Yes / No How?______________________________________________________________________ th

Will you be able to come to a meeting on Tuesday evening - What time is best for you?

Thanks for participating

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

ID #__ /__Q# __ /__ GOSVG - 5 NBSAP-SCMCA Residence Survey Date: Name of head of household: Phone ____________________Email______________________________________ Best way to contact: Email / Phone Sex: MALE / FEMALE Respondent: Location: house. # _______ What are the largest threats to the coastal and marine environment?

Do you think pollution to be the greatest threat to the marine environment in the South Coast? Yes No If not â&#x20AC;&#x201C; what is? _____________________________________________________________________________________ What can be done to reduce these threats?

How do you use the coast and marine area ______________________________________________________________ Where ______________________________________and how often? Daily weekly Monthly Which of the following waste materials are is generated at your home?

Yard waste Paper OrganicsGLASS FOOD OIL PAINT Cans Plastics Other ________________________ How do you dispose of your solid waste? Disposed of at sea Collected on a regular basis by the local authorities / other Stored until time of collection Burnt Other_________________________________ Do you think that your method of solid waste treatment have any possible effects on the environment and human health? Yes No Please explain Have you ever received any complaints from guests/neighboring villagers about your methods of waste disposal?

Yes No If yes, explain: Are sewage and waste water treated on the property? Yes No How do you dispose of your waste water? Soak Away Drain Pipe Other____________________________ How is your sewage disposed of? Septic tank In the sea Treatment plant off property Other __________ How do you dispose of your hazardous waste materials such as bleach and cleaning chemicals used in kitchens?

In the sea In the landfill Sewage plant In the drain Regular garbage Other_______________ Are efforts being made to purchase products that are environmentally friendly? Yes No If yes - From whom are these being purchased? _________________________________________________ Do you recycle? Yes No Would you be interested in recycling if a business was set up in the area?

Yes No Do you know that the Indian Bay, Villa, Calliaqua & Canash is a protected area? Yes No Do you think the South Coast area should be managed better? YES / NO HOW? _________________________________________________________________________ Do you think enough is being done to educate the public about the importance of this protected area?

Yes / No Any recommendations? _______________________________________ Would you be interested in making your home more environmentally friendly? YES / NO Ideas of how: __________________________________________________________________________________ What else is needed to improve the area or your live livelihood?

Are you interested in alternative livelihood opportunities? YES / NO Ideas of what you could want training in?

Would you like to become involved in the management of this area?

Yes / No How? ______________________________________________________________________ th

Will you be able to come to a meeting on Tuesday evening - What time is best for you?

Thanks for participating

42

TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES APPENDIX VII. PRESENTATION SLIDES OF PRELIMINARY RESULTS FOR STAKEHOLDER VALIDATION AND FEEDBACK

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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TRAINING EXERCISE & RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE PROPOSED SOUTH COAST MARINE PARK, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES

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