Intelligence Squared U.S. Debates at The Richmond Forum by The Richmond Forum

Lomborg

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April 30, 2022

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execu ti v e dir ector let ter

Executive Director Letter Tonight in collaboration with Intelligence Squared U.S. The Richmond Forum presents our first-ever debate program. The issue of climate change, with all its urgency and nuance, was our subscriber’s number one topic choice in our annual survey. It is the perfect subject for a reasoned, thoughtful exchange. So tonight we will debate “Can Humans Adapt to Climate Change?” I believe debate adds depth and understanding to complicated issues that helps us calibrate solutions. Bringing this format to The Forum gives me joy on a personal level. I was a passionate high school and collegiate policy debater, and that experience shaped how I think. The debate team never saw things as black or white, always rooted out inconvenient facts, and rejected trite analysis. Debate, like education, encourages free thought and is a great equalizer. Speech and Debate programs train students in critical thinking, collaboration, citizenship, and other important skills that strengthen our democracy. We founded the Richmond Forum Speech & Debate Initiative because we believe in the power of public speaking, free speech, and civil discourse. We strive to provide a network of speech and debate programs and celebrate student accomplishments, but we couldn’t do it without ample community support. Thanks to all of you that have donated, or volunteered your time as a judge (which you can find out more about at www.richmondforum.org). More than any element, the investment Speech and Debate coaches make in our students produces their success and growth. The coaches listed below spend their time on the ground in the Richmond Region’s public schools, working countless hours and weekends to train and motivate students to transform their minds and lives.

Heather Mullins Crislip Chesterfield County Public Schools Clover Hill Hunter Clark Jessica Fout Cosby Jackie Clark Scott McKeag William Waddell James River Shannon Castelo Jessica Sanchez Manchester Lexi Cobbs Linda Moccio-Webb Kelie Negron Chris Okamura Meadowbrook Ryan Dondero Ruth Loop Hajnalka Woosley

Midlothian Heather Murfee

Douglas Freeman Daniel Lewis

Thomas Dale Kimberly Leggette

Godwin High School Jonathan Saufley Glen Allen Jonathan Tolbert Hermitage Jimmy Day Jennifer Jones Holman Joan Hodges JR Tucker Lacy Hodges Moody Beverly Matos

Hanover County Public Schools Atlee Brian Carr Hanover Brad Goldsmith Mechanicsville Megan Gerhardt Stephen Salvato Patrick Henry Luke Kupscznk Henrico County Public Schools Deep Run Rob Rumans Sheryl Gibson

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Richmond Public Schools Armstrong Andrew Maples George Wythe Angela Moore Huguenot Jeffry Clevenger Open Vic Carll Lorah Allen Richmond Community Vincent Simone Regional Maggie L. Walker Celie Boswell Dan Brown

Can Humans Adapt to Climate Change? April 30, 2022 Opening program & National Anthem

Belle Arte String Quartet

Opening remarks Heather Mullins Crislip Executive Director The Richmond Forum Welcome and introduction Andrea Lynn White Senior Vice President & Chief of Staff Genworth Rules and First Vote

John Donvan IQ2US Host and Moderator

Introduction of Debaters

Bjorn Lomborg & Matthew Kahn Michelle Wucker & Kaveh Madani

The Debate

Opening Remarks Intra-Panel Discussion Audience Questions Closing Remarks Final Vote

Remarks

Mr. Donvan with Ms. Crislip and Clea Conner, CEO of IQ2US

Announcement of Vote Closing Remarks

Mr. Donvan Ms. Crislip

There will be no intermission this evening. See “How We Will Debate” for more details. Tonight’s presentation may not be recorded or photographed by any means for any purpose. The Richmond Forum is a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational organization.

tonight 's progr a m

Intelligence Squared U.S.

Bringing together top leaders to debate global Festivals International Radio Awards. Tonight’s issues, Intelligence Squared U.S. (IQ2US) is debate will be recorded and available on Spotify, a nonpartisan, nonprofit organization that Apple, and Google podcast platforms for you to addresses a fundamental problem in America: listen to again and share. Tonight’s debaters have extensive the extreme polarization of our nation and our politics. Their goal is to provide a forum backgrounds in think tank leadership, research, for balanced and intelligent debate that is widely resource management, and more—all of which distributed to create further conversation and will contribute to a conversation about climate ideation about the topical affairs discussed by the change that highlights a profound truth: we are all experiencing the impact of a changing climate, experts in their debates. IQ2US has been praised for their selection but our perspectives on this phenomenon are of panelists that promote intellectual viewpoints unique. By drawing together our own informed by fostering respect for contrary opinions. By thoughts and hearing what experts on this selecting panelists who have diverse expertise topic have to say, we are joining IQ2US in their areas and varying experiences, complex topics mission to restore civility, reasoned analysis, and are illuminated through multiple perspectives in constructive public discourse to today’s landscape. thought-provoking conversation. After 185 successful debates with over 500 expert panelists, you may be familiar with IQ2US programming which is distributed via radio casts, podcasts, online streams, and television Thank you to the IQ2US Team: broadcasts. As a podcast, IQ2US allows listeners Clea Conner, CEO Sam Fischer, Director to eavesdrop on the brightest minds discussing Amy Krafft, Marlette Sandoval, Producer topics ranging from domestic and foreign policy Head of Production George Allison, Scenic Design to cultural trends and technological innovations. David Ariosto, The Lighting Design Group, IQ2US podcasts have been recognized by Head of Editorial Lighting Design organizations and publications like AdWeek, Shea O’Meara, Consulting Producer Valvetone, Audio Engineering Clarion Awards, Telly Awards, and New York

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The dangers of climate change are “no longer over the horizon.” Humanity may soon pass the “point of no return.” These are the phrases U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres used to describe what he called an “utterly inadequate” global response to rising temperatures. In fact, world leaders and environmental advocates have long demanded structural overhauls to the way we consume and produce. Standing in the way, Guterres noted, is a sheer lack of will. But if we were to decisively act, and restructure our global economy with the climate in mind, who would shoulder the burden? Is it actually feasible? Assuming finite resources, where does climate change rank in the pecking order of global problems? Or should our collective focus orient more toward humans’ capacity for adaptation? In this timely debate, Intelligence Squared and The Richmond Forum convene four leading global thinkers on climate science, geopolitics, and international economics to take on this question: Can Humans Adapt to Climate Change?

Arguments for Yes We do not have a choice. If the Earth is not already past the point-of-no-return regarding climate change, then it soon will be. We must adapt. And we will. In fact, in many instances, humanity has already proven resilient, and not just among the wealthy. Examples all over the developing world reveal the capacity of humans to adjust to their surroundings. From innovative new ranks of shrimpers in Bangladesh, farmers in Siberia, to intrepid high-elevation vintners in Argentina, new growing regions and hybrid developments afford opportunity for those who seize it. Climate alarmism undermines human resilience and our capacity to adapt, leading to hasty decision-making that is often against humanity’s best interest.

Arguments for No The alarmism is warranted. By focusing global attention more on adaptation, rather than calling for a full-court effort to also reduce carbon emissions, humans are effectively conceding defeat in the battle against climate change. The consequences of such a pivot are hard to overstate: Intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, and warming oceans are expected to lead to mass extinctions of certain species, devastate the places where we live, and engender new conflicts as habitats and their resources become ever more scarce. Yes, there will be examples of adaptation, particularly among the wealthy and in the developed world. But the vast majority of the human population will experience dangerously high levels of stress and desperation that risk widespread instability.

tonight ’s question

Tonight’s Question: Can Hum ans Adapt to Clim ate Change?

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Dr.

Bjorn Lomborg is the president of the Copenhagen

Consensus Center, a think tank that works with world leaders to promote the most effective solutions to global challenges, from climate and education to disease and hunger. He has been named one of TIME magazine’s 100 most influential people in the world and has written extensively on climate change, aiming to give a nonpartisan evaluation of problems and solutions. He has authored the books False Alarm: How Climate Change Panic Costs Us Trillions, Hurts the Poor, and Fails to Fix the Planet, as well as The Skeptical Environmentalist and Cool It. Lomborg has been described by Bill Gates as a data-driven problem solver and strives to present unprejudiced evidence in the conversation of how humans can innovate to approach the future with a changing climate in mind.

The science shows us that fears of a climate apocalypse are unfounded. Global warming is real, but it is not the end of the world. It is a manageable problem. Yet, we now live in a world where almost half the population believes climate change will extinguish humanity. This has profoundly altered the political reality.

Matthew Kahn is the provost professor of economics and spatial sciences at the University of Southern California and a leading researcher in the field of environmental economics, examining carbon footprints of different cities and how residents adapt to climate change. He has authored many books on the subject, including Unlocking the Potential of Post Industrial Cities, Green Cities: Urban Growth and the Environment, Climatopolis, and Blue Skies over Beijing: Economic Growth and the Environment in China. Currently a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, he has also served as the director of the 21st Century Cities Initiative at Johns Hopkins University after earning his PhD in economics from the University of Chicago. Kahn’s unique perspective and expertise on finance and its impact in the social sciences will inform this evening’s debate.

We have already released too much greenhouse gas, and I see no credible signs that global emissions will decline in the near or medium future. Although the carbon mitigation agenda—the plan to reduce our emissions—is a worthy goal, we are unlikely to invent a magical new clean technology that allows us to live well without producing greenhouse gases.

a rguing y es — lomborg a nd k a hn

Arguing Yes

Michele Wucker is the founder of Gray Rhino & Company, a Chicago-based strategy firm named after the term she coined to call attention to a clear and present danger in business, life, and the world that gets dismissed despite—often because of—its immense size and obviousness. Her 2019 TED Talk on this subject has attracted more than two million views and her third book, The Gray Rhino: How to Recognize and Act on the Obvious Dangers We Ignore is an international bestseller that has served to shape global mindsets. Through her many years in think tank management, Wucker has developed a strategic mentality when it comes to solving international issues. Tonight, Wucker will provide perspective on how avoiding the risks of climate change serve to procrastinate solving these issues that are sure to have global impact.

Since the 2008 Great Financial Crisis, people have overestimated unemployment rates and underestimated the size of their national economies relative to other countries. But they have long been more complacent than reality suggests they should be when it comes to climate change and renewable energy sources.

Dr. Kaveh Madani is an environmental scientist, educator, and activist working on modeling complex human-natural systems at the interface of science, policy, and society.As one of the 6 influential climate change scientists featured by Reuters in 2021, his policyoriented research spans the areas of climate change adaptation, sustainable development, water management, energy systems, food security, environmental security, diplomacy and justice. He previously served as the Deputy Head of Iran’s Department of Environment, head of Iran’s delegation to international climate change negotiations, and Vice President of the UN Environment Assembly Bureau. He is currently the head of the Nexus Research Programme at United Nations University, and a research professor at the City University of New York. Madani earned a doctorate in Civil and Environmental Engineering from the University of California Davis.

Playing Russian roulette with global warming in this way is a much more serious issue than most people appreciate. The failure of our political leaders to ensure a safe future for us represents a crisis of legitimacy of almost unfathomable proportions.

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Arguing No

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John Donvan is a four-time Emmy Award-winning broadcaster, storyteller, author, and speaker. A veteran network correspondent for ABC News and CNN, Donvan served as Chief White House Correspondent for ABC News and held long-term assignments in Moscow, London, Jerusalem, and Amman. He is a contributor for NPR, the host and moderator of the Intelligence Squared U.S. debate series since 2008, and has moderated five past Richmond Forum programs. He was a 2016 Pulitzer Prize finalist for his book In a Different Key: The Story of Autism (coauthored with Caren Zucker) on the history of autism and autism advocacy. In a Different Key is the basis for an award-winning documentary of the same name described as “the first-ever full-length documentary to travel the timeline of society’s tense and sometimes misguided response to people on the spectrum.” Donvan holds a Bachelor’s degree in English from Dartmouth College and a Master’s degree from the Columbia University School of Journalism. Donvan is married to Dr. Ranit Mishori, and lives in Washington, D.C. They have two children.

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how will w e debate?

How Will We Debate? Debate 101: The Oxford Style Inspired by traditional Oxford debate rules, Intelligence Squared U.S. presents Oxford-style debates where teams argue predetermined questions from two opposing perspectives. Tonight’s question is “Can Humans Adapt to Climate Change?” The two pre-determined sides will either argue in agreement or disagreement to the question within a formalized structure. Intelligence Squared U.S. debate favors the Oxford-style because both sides have an equal opportunity to share their arguments.This promotes intellectual diversity and curates thought-provoking discussions that inform, and sometimes sway, the audience.

Step 1: Vote First Do you believe that humans can adapt to climate change? Consider all you know about the subject and cast a vote based on your sentiments once moderator John Donvan announces voting is open. Vote online with the provided QR code or visit: iq2vote.org

Step 2: Opening Remarks After the initial vote, the debaters will present their opening remarks one at a time. Individuals from each side of the argument will alternate sharing points. These statements are typically prepared ahead of time and don’t involve rebuttal, though debaters can address the other side’s argument in their remarks if they choose.

Step 3: Intra-Panel Discussion Following opening remarks, the debaters will engage with one another directly and argue their point while presenting evidence to back it up. This furthered discussion takes guidance from the opening statements and moderator questions.

Step 4: Question and Answer You will now have the opportunity to ask the debaters questions via Slido.com (event code: rvaforum), as directed by moderator John Donvan. Audiences typically use this time to gain further clarification on each side’s arguments.This feature will be particularly useful this evening as you may hear points brought up that you want to question and learn more about. If you’re looking for a particular debater to

iq2vote.org answer your question, be sure to mention them by name. We prefer that you give us your name so we can share it with your question. You can also upvote any questions in the queue that you find particularly intriguing. We don’t necessarily select questions based on popularity, but we love to know what our subscribers are interested in discussing.

Step 5: Closing Remarks Following the questions and answers, the debaters will deliver separate 2-minute closing arguments. This is an opportunity for each side to reiterate their points, sell their argument, and persuade the audience to vote for their position on the question.

Step 6: Vote Again Because of tonight’s debate, has your perspective changed? At the end of the debate, John Donvan will ask you to vote again so we can evaluate how well tonight’s teams persuaded The Richmond Forum audience.The results will be shared live.

By attending an IQ2US debate (Event), the attendee agrees that The Intelligence Squared U.S. Foundation (Licensor) and its agents, licensees, and assigns shall have the unrestricted right and license to use the attendee’s likeness or speech, as included in any audiovisual recording, audio recording, or still image of the Event, in connection with any broadcast, telecast, webcast, written materials or other transmission, distribution, or reproduction of the Event, in any territory of the world, in perpetuity.

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the state of the clim ate ch a nge con v er sation

The State of the Clim ate Change Conversation What is climate change? Climate change is the long-term alteration of Earth’s climate and weather patterns. Many studies conducted by international researchers have documented global atmosphere, land, and oceanic temperature increases. Other aspects of climate are also changing. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding and related weather events—the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in human times. It took nearly a century of research and data to convince the vast majority of the scientific community that human activity could alter Earth’s climate. Although climate change is now widely accepted as factual, there is still debate as to what actions can be taken to circumvent the various and complex negative impacts of increasing global temperatures.

What should be done about it?

Actions to prepare for and adjust to a changing climate—thereby reducing negative impacts or taking advantage of new opportunities—are known as adaptation.The other major category of response options—known as mitigation—involves efforts to reduce the amount and speed of future climate change by limiting emissions or removing carbon from the atmosphere. Adaptation and mitigation actions are linked in many ways and can be considered complementary strategies— mitigation efforts can reduce future risks, while adaptation can minimize the consequences of changes that are already happening as a result of past and present emissions. Scientists are confident that temperatures will continue to rise globally for decades to come, largely due to greenhouse gases produced by humans.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which includes more than 1,300 What is climate change doing? scientists, forecasts a temperature rise of 2.5 to Modifying the water cycle: creating more 10 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century. rainfall, flooding, and intense droughts. According to the IPCC, the extent of climate Affecting rainfall patterns: in high latitudes, change effects on individual regions will vary precipitation is likely to increase, while it is over time as different societal and environmental projected to decrease over large parts of the systems mitigate or adapt to change. “Taken as a subtropics. whole,” the IPCC stated in 2021, “the range of Rising sea levels: causing more severe flooding published evidence indicates that the net damage in low-lying coastal areas. costs of climate change are likely to be significant Warming up: amplifying permafrost thawing, and to increase over time.” the loss of seasonal snow cover, melting of glaciers While the global community has come to and ice sheets, and loss of Arctic summer sea ice. accept that climate change exists and should be Changing the ocean: due to warming, we have acknowledged, the debate is about what to do seen more frequent marine heatwaves, ocean next. Adaptation strategies could bring about acidification, and reduced oxygen levels—all of extensive guess work that may not ultimately which have been linked to human influence. bring benefits, and mitigation may be so stalled Creating hotter cities: causing preventable that it will not benefit certain communities. illnesses in at-risk communities. Hence, we debate. Sources: U.S. Global Change Research Program, UN Environment program, IPCC, United States Geological Survey

Looking forward to a cleaner future. We’re committed to achieving net zero carbon and methane emissions across our nationwide operations by 2050. To reach this goal, we’re using lower carbon sources like wind, solar, natural gas and nuclear. Because cleaner air is good for all of us.

united nations action on clim ate ch a nge

United Nations Action on clim ate change History of UN Involvement

The Paris Agreement

The 1949 UN Scientific Conference on the conservation and utilization of resources was the first time a UN body addressed the global depletion of resources. In 1972, the UN Scientific Conference, or the First Earth Summit, adopted declarations of principles for the preservation and enhancement of the human environment. By 1988, the depletion of the ozone and global warming became increasingly prominent in the international discussion and political agenda. Therefore the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and UN Environment Program to provide an objective source of scientific information. To this day, IPCC surveys the research on climate change and emissions around the world and reports to the public on the current state of affairs.

Following up the action of the Kyoto Protocol was the 2015 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris, where a landmark agreement was reached to combat climate change by accelerating the actions and investments needed for a low carbon future. For the first time ever, The Paris Agreement, signed by President Barack Obama, brought all nations into a common cause of ambitious effort to keep this century’s temperature rise below 2 degrees Celsius. In 2016, President Donald Trump pulled out of the agreement citing the “onerous restrictions” imposed.

The Kyoto Protocol In 1995, 160 countries launched negotiations to strengthen the global response to climate change and adopted the Kyoto Protocol. This legally bound industrialized countries to reduce their emissions by at least 5 per cent below the 1990 levels during the commitment period of 2008 to 2012. The protocol was signed by President Bill Clinton but shortly after taking office in 2001, President George W. Bush announced the United States would not implement the Kyoto Protocol, calling it fundamentally flawed and potentially economically harmful.

Sources: UNFCC (UN Climate Change), UN Environment Program, IPCC

2019 Climate Action Summit In 2019, Secretary-General António Guterres convened a Climate Summit to bring world leaders of governments, the private sector, and civil society together to support the accelerated process of climate action. In closing the Climate Action Summit, General Guterres said “We need more concrete plans, more ambition from more countries and more businesses. We need all financial institutions, public and private, to choose, once and for all, the green economy.”

COP26 & The 2021 Climate Report The latest report by the IPCC, released at the COP26 UN climate change negotiations conference, found unprecedented changes in every region that are indisputably from human influence. It also shows that humans still have the potential to determine the future of climate change, pointing to strong and sustained reductions in emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to limit climate change from human impact.

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c l i m at e c h a n ge i n t he c o m m o n w e a lt h

Clim ate Change in Richmond Heating up in the city If you’ve been out and about in Richmond during the summer, you may have noticed that it’s hotter in some parts of town. A warm but pleasant afternoon in Forest Hill Park could make for a sweltering time in Scott’s Addition, and it’s not because of the breweries. Cities like Richmond are full of hard, impervious, and dark surfaces (think asphalt surfaces and brick buildings) which absorb more of the sun’s energy and physically amplify heat waves. There are also many places in the city that lack shady trees and other vegetation, creating an impact on the ecosystem that doesn’t allow for proper water evaporation to let heat escape urban hot spots. Together, these factors create an urban heat island effect. In 2017, the Science Museum of Virginia’s Dr. Jeremy Hoffman and volunteers from multiple local organizations collected over 100,000 temperature readings across the city to track these disparities. They found that during a heatwave within Richmond, it can be as much as 16 degrees hotter than other parts of the city at the same time on the same day. The climate realities impacting Richmond—extreme heat, increasing precipitation, and future impacts of sea level rise—are already causing health problems and worsening existing ones. Extreme events, such as heavy rainfall, can disrupt critical services such as healthcare and public safety. Poor air quality changes bacteria, viruses, and other infectious agents which could cause them to be more rampant in hot environments. Climate-related health stressors will impact some members of our community more than others. People with pre-existing health conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory illnesses may be more sensitive to heat-related illnesses, particularly if they are in a less tree-canopied part of the city. Due to historic and institutional racism, people of color are more likely to live in areas that are more susceptible to climate impacts. Neighborhoods that are historically defined as “redlined” (a 1930-40s era housing policy that denied home financing to mostly black and brown communities) districts overlap with areas that have high heat vulnerability, greater exposure to flood risk, poorer air quality, and disproportionately increased rates of heat-related illnesses.

Figure 1: Map of Richmond-area zip codes. Darker indicate higher afternoon temperatures in July 2017. Dotted line is City of Richmond municipal boundary.

Figure 2: Darker zip codes indicate higher rates of summertime urgent care center & emergency department admissions for heat illness (VDH data, 2014-2016).

Figure 3: Darker zip codes indicate higher rates of summertime responses for heat-related illness by the Richmond Ambulance Authority (2014-2016). Source: Science Museum of Virginia

Cooling off colder weather

Source: Science Museum of Virginia

The temperatures of tomorrow

Source: RVAgreen 2050

A major piece of the RVAgreen 2050 plan is climate change adaptation, also referred to as resilience, preparedness, and readiness. The city is conducting adaptation planning to identify and implement actions that reduce community vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. This will help our community adapt to changes in the environment and future changes in sea level. In our neighboring coastal Virginia communities, we can observe large rises in sea level that have resulted in millions of dollars being spent on mitigation, repairs, and new strategies in areas like Hampton, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach. As we look to global discussion to guide our actions on climate change, this local and regional view can help us understand the trickle down effects that occur as weather changes worldwide.

Be the change in our local climate The reality of climate is that it can in fact change. By doing more eco-friendly activities (biking, walking, or using public transportation instead of driving), planting more trees in public spaces, and joining in conversations about climate in our area, all of us can be a part of that change.

To learn more about what the City of Richmond is doing to adapt to climate change, visit: rvagreen2050.com.

To get engaged with the Science Museum of Virginia climate initiatives, visit: smv.org.

c l i m at e c h a n ge i n t he c o m m o n w e a lt h

The effects of climate change are happening across Virginia. If you are a longtime Richmonder, you may have noticed that the seasonal temperatures have changed over the years. When comparing first freeze temperature dates each year, Richmond’s is shifting later into autumn. This is in line with observations from across the country.

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Executive Committee

Directors

Robert K. Beckler, Ph.D., Chair TemperPack Ellen E. Spong, Vice Chair Atlantic Union Bank* Robert L. Thalhimer, Treasurer Subscriber/Supporter Teresa Downs, Secretary Altria*

Makola M. Abdullah, Ph.D. Virginia State University* Kevin W. Barr CSuite3, LLC E. Scott Blackwell Community Foundation for a greater Richmond Ward E. Bobitz Genworth* Jonathan Brabrand Transact Capital Partners* Regina J. Elbert Dominion Energy* William R.B. Hershey Davenport & Company LLC* Steve Humble VPM*

Committee Chairs Laura E. Kottkamp, Program VCU School of Business* Michael Joyce, Investment Agili—Your Personal CFO* Susan B. Horne, Governance LEAD Virginia Betty N. Crutcher, PhD, Education Subscriber/Supporter

Geoff T. Marlatt ProfitOptics* Kelly O’Keefe Brand Federation* Stephen D. Otero Capital One* Celia A. Rafalko Cary Street Partners* Timothy L. Reid Legacy Media Institute Rhodes B. Ritenour Bon Secours Virginia Health System* Linda V. Schreiner Markel Corporation* Lisa Sims Venture Richmond

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Forum Production Team & Staff Production Bill Meyers Director Jacquelyn Craig Stage Manager Boitnott Visual Communications HD Video Ryan Marasco Production Manager Boitnott Visual Communications Cream Studio Opening Video Carlos Chafin Composer In Your Ear

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Support Henry Gonzalez VIP Ground Transportation First Class Service Josée Covington Air Travel Covington Travel P. Kevin Morley Photographer

2021–2022 Richmond Forum Scholars Irma Adams Hanover High School Mikal Banks Steward School Kishanti Barmoh Highland Springs High School Layal El-Ayoubi Trinity Episcopal School Kiran Sabharwal Freeman High School

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v irgini a debate history

Virginia Debate History How It All Began: Virginia High School League Patrick Henry’s historic “Give me liberty or give me death” speech was passionately delivered in Richmond at the 1775 Virginia Convention, and ever since, the power of speech and debate has fostered democracy and civil discourse in the Commonwealth. In fact, the Virginia High School League (VHSL) was first founded in 1913 to serve as a debating league for the state’s high schools by members of both the Jefferson Literary and Debating Society and the Washington Literary Society and Debating Union from the University of Virginia. Academic activities are still a core part of the VHSL, which is the body that governs all public high school sports and academic activities in Virginia. The VHSL is part of the National Federation of High School Associations and is our state’s authority on high school sports and academic activities. This means that they write the rules for most events, including the four types of debate offered in Virginia. These programs teach the skills of research, critical thinking, construction of logical arguments, assessment of audience, self-esteem, poise and presentation, and engagement in world events—essential qualities which build better students, better college candidates, better employees, and better citizens. In this historic tradition, The Richmond Forum Speech & Debate Initiative partners with VHSL to provide opportunities to students to engage in diverse debate outlets and events.

Four Styles of Debate Student Congress The first high school Student Congress was held in 1938 by the National Forensic League. Like other forms of debate, it emphasizes the clash of ideas and consideration of questions of policy and value. Since 2000, the event’s popularity has exploded nationwide, added by several states as an event in their State Debate Tournaments, and has been adopted by numerous large invitational tournaments. Meant to simulate the U.S. legislative process, students generate a series of bills and resolutions for Congressional Debate. Debaters alternate delivering speeches for and against the topic in a group setting. With ample research done before the final agenda is determined, the debate occurs with an elected student serving as a presiding officer to ensure a smoothly flowing debate. Students are assessed by point rankings based on their research, argumentation, and delivery skills, as well as their knowledge and use of parliamentary procedure.

Lincoln-Douglas Debate Named for the 1858 debates between senatorial candidates Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, this one-on-one format provides students an opportunity to debate with logic, ethical values, and philosophy in mind. Topics debated range from individual freedom versus the collective good to economic development versus environmental protection. Students may consult evidence gathered prior to the debate but may not use the internet during the round. An entire debate is roughly 45 minutes and consists of constructive speeches, rebuttals, and cross-examination. Photo: Kean Collection/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

Public Forum Debate

Policy Debate

Photo: CNN / Ted Turner / WarnerMedia

Also referred to as cross-examination debate because of the three-minute questioning period following each constructive speech, this academic debate style has origins in intra-collegiate debating societies, in which students would engage in (often public) debates against their classmates. Intercollegiate debates have been held since at least as early as the 1890s. Historical records indicate that debates between teams from Wake Forest University and Trinity College (later Duke University) occurred beginning in 1897. Utilization of evidence, ethical reasoning, and effective cross-examination tactics in this format implements the concept of impact calculus where students can understand the intended impacts and unintended consequences of their arguments.

Continuing The Tradition No matter which format, practicing the skills taught by debate is critically important in our world, where facts and ideas confront us faster and faster. We are so proud to support young leaders like Sanika Kammara and Anusha Chaluvadi of JR Tucker High School in Henrico County as they work together in Public Forum debate to build robust skills in research, analysis, and public speaking.

In tenth grade, Sanika decided to do Public Forum debate with me! We participated at regionals in tenth grade at our first competition and were a single point away from advancing to semifinals, so we were pretty proud of ourselves! Since our junior year hit, we haven’t missed a single competition, and take every invitational and tournament as an opportunity to practice. Debate has helped me SO much with public speaking, collecting thoughts impromptu, working under pressure, staying patient, and writing a great persuasive paper. Most importantly for me, however, it's taught me to be a powerful woman and to take being called loud as a compliment. Left: Anusha Right: Sanika

Anusha Chaluvadi, JR Tucker High School Junior

v irgini a debate history

Invented in 2002, Public Forum debate (PF) was initially called “Ted Turner Debate” in honor of CNN founder Ted Turner. The “crossfire” period of PF is modeled after Crossfire, a political debate TV show that first debuted on CNN. This style is often described as more accessible than policy debate because unlike policy, which has one topic per year, PF debate topics switch every month or every two months based on current events.This style involves opposing teams of two students. After a coin toss, the winners choose which side to debate (Pro or Con) or which speaker position they prefer (1st or 2nd), and the other team receives the remaining option. Students present cases, engage in rebuttal, refutation, and crossfire (similar to cross-examination), with the opportunity to question the opposing team.

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2022 Patrons Lead Patron Altria Group Davenport & Company LLC Dominion Energy Genworth Financial Wells Fargo Host Patron Capital One Bank Hourigan SingleStone Troutman Pepper LLP YouDecide Producer Patron ACG Wealth Management Atlantic Union Bank Boitnott Visual Communications Bon Secours Virginia Health System Covington Travel ProfitOptics, Inc. TCV Trust & Wealth Management Universal Corporation VCU Health VCU School of Business Virginia Cancer Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Williams Mullen Education Patron Dr. & Mrs. W. Baxter Perkinson, Jr. Trinity Episcopal School Media Patron VPM Music Patron Agili—Your Personal CFO Presenter 2nd Order Solutions Brand Federation Buckingham Greenery, Inc. Cary Street Partners Cream Studio Deloitte Services LP Fahrenheit Advisors HHHunt Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP Infinity Global James River Carriers Kaufman & Canoles, P.C. Marks & Harrison McGuireWoods LLP MCV Foundation NBC12 PartnerMD Performance Food Group Company

Laurie Petronis Platinum Premier Properties Plow & Hearth PNC Bank PwC ServiceNow SHOCKOE|Mobile by Design Transact Capital Truist Bank Two Capitols Consulting University of Richmond Virginia State University Westminster Canterbury WestRock Willis Towers Watson Workshop Digital Contributor Actuarial Benefits & Design Company CEBCO Cornerstone Realty Advisors EY Hoover & Strong, Inc. In Your Ear J.P. Morgan Mary & Ted Linhart Markel Judy & Dave Pahren Tredway S. Spratley & Janine M. Collins Westham Partners Friend Dr. & Mrs. Ralph L. Anderson Avenue 8 Advisors B&B Printing Dr. & Mrs. Robert Beckler Mr. & Mrs. Roger L. Boevé The Brink’s Company Brown Advisory The Change Decision Carter Ryley Thomas LLC Marge Connelly & Julie Christopher Drs. Betty Neal & Ronald A. Crutcher Drs. Trisha Krause & Sanjay Bhagchandani Steven F. Glessner, MD & Virginia Schuster Paige & Philip Goodpasture Thomas A. Grant Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Mann Mac & Amy Marshall Blair & Bill Martin The Martin Agency Mike McGinley Susan & David Monday Montgomery Compliance Law Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia Lisa & Leon Roday Mary Beth & James Shannon

Will & Lisa Sims Thought Work, MD Mr. & Mrs. James E. Ukrop VAMAC, INC. Vanessa & James Wigand Adrienne Whitaker Supporter Nupa Agarwal, Esq. Agili–Michael Joyce Mrs. Dottie Amore & Ms. Andrea AmoreClark Frazier & Brad Armstrong Ginger Bacon & Sallie Gilliam Betty & Tommy Baer Melody Barnes & Marland Buckner Dr. K.C. Blaisdell & Sherry Stauffer Sidney & Richard Bland Winn & Scott Bleicher Karen & Joe Brower Candace & Robert Cody Judy Collins & Joe Teefey The Community Foundation Angela & Ted Cox Harold & Susan Cruse Tanya & Brad Cummings Kimberly W. Daniel Stuart & Beth Daniel Carol & Frank DePew Sharon & Jim Dillard Kevin & Rachel Druff Ken Dye Nita & Jack Enoch Jay & Laura J. Erskin Patricia M. Fields Whitney & Chris Forstner Steve & Susan Gaidos Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Giles William M. Ginther Maya & Stuart Glaser Nancy & Ches Goodall Nancy & Bruce Gottwald Dr. Ed Griggs Halperin Law Center Dr. & Mrs. Thomas Harrison Eva Morgan Hartmann Michael Hayes Phillip & Ellen Marie Hess Jon & Trish Hill Deborah & Greg Hillman Jay Holloway Kathleen Holman Robert & Susan Horne Wendy & Steve Humble Bobbie Hunt Lana Ingram & Thomas Digges Machel & Otis Jones Liz & Bill Kastelberg

Dr. Guru & Sheetal Mohanty Liz & Tony Mollica Ina Moses Amy & David Nisenson Nyfeler Associates - Surveying Paula & Jeff O’Flaherty W. Paul Pitts In loving memory of Loyal Pridgen Andi & Brian Redmond Tim & Daphne Reid Karen & Paul Reilly Robert Rhodes Linda Rigsby Laurie & Penn Rogers Rick & Carly Schofield Linda & Serge Schreiner Janie & Maurice Schwarz Mr. & Mrs. Thomas E. Shockley

Laine Sims, LCSW SMART Resources Susan Snyder Steven & Sarabeth Spasojevich Leila & Kirk Spitzer Leslie Stack & Frank Rizzo Mr. & Mrs. Charles E. Stallings Dr. Kenneth E. Stoner Claiborne Terry Bobby & Marilyn Thalhimer Melodie Thigpen & Paulette Moncol Sherry & Terry Troxell Doug & Carol Wayne Siri & Kyle Wiggins Gary Wilson Mr. & Mrs. Richard T. Wilson III

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Celebrating the spirit of inspiration PNC is proud to sponsor the Richmond Forum’s 20212022 Speakers Series. pnc.com

Inspiration allows us to dream bigger and view challenges from a new perspective. It means looking beyond. Seeking bold ideas. Tackling problems that most others think are impossible. The result is innovation that can make an impact on our community. Deloitte is proud to work with The Richmond Forum. Copyright © 2021 Deloitte Development, LLC. All rights reserved.

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r ichmond forum spe a k er s

Richmond Forum Speakers 1987 January February March April

Ted Koppel Hodding Carter and Larry Speakes with Paul Duke General Brent Scowcroft with Diane Sawyer Charles Kuralt

1988 January February March April

Oprah Winfrey Jeane Kirkpatrick and Vladimir Pozner with Marvin Kalb George Will Art Buchwald

1989 January February March April

Sam Donaldson Henry Kissinger with John Chancellor William Buckley and Charles Rangel Dr. Carl Sagan

1990 January Paul Duke, Howard Fineman and Charles McDowell February Frank Carlucci, George McGovern, William Proxmire and William Rusher with Bettina Gregory March Mike Wallace April Alistair Cooke 1990–1991 October Chancellor Helmut Schmidt January Admiral William Crowe, General Alexander Haig and Robert McFarlane with Edwin Newman February H. Ross Perot March Art Buchwald and Andy Rooney April Captain James Lovell and Dr. Frank Drake with James Burke 1991–1992 October Barbara Walters January PM Margaret Thatcher February General H. Norman Schwarzkopf with Larry King March Dr. Marc Micozzi and Dr. Victor McKusick with Patricia Cornwell April Mark Russell 1992–1993 October January February March April

Terry Anderson Hiroki Kato and T. Boone Pickens Dr. Joyce Brothers Dr. Bill Cosby President Mikhail Gorbachev with Cokie Roberts

1993–1994 November Senator Warren Rudman, Lamar Alexander and Dr. Marvin Cetron with Chris Wallace January Frank Capiello and Michael Holland with Louis Rukeyser February President George H. W. Bush March Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross April Bob Newhart 1994–1995 November January February March April

General Colin Powell Walter Cronkite Dave Barry Tom Clancy Jack Kemp and George Mitchell

1995–1996 November PM Brian Mulroney and Ambassador Carla Hills January Neil Armstrong, Eugene Cernan and Dick Rutan with David Hartman February Calvin Trillin March Charles Kuralt April David Gergen, Pierre Salinger, Sheila Tate and Bob Woodward with Ed Bradley

1996–1997 November Carl Reiner with Dick Cavett January Paul Volcker with Ray Brady February Doris Kearns Goodwin and David McCullough March Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber with Sir David Frost April Marcia Clark, Philip K. Howard, Dr. Rodney Smolla and Kym Worthy with Prof. Arthur Miller 1997–1998 November January February March April

Bill Moyers Wynton Marsalis PM Shimon Peres Mary Tyler Moore Peter Lynch

1998–1999 November PM John Major January Robert Bennett and Dr. William Bennett with Tim Russert February Harry S. Dent, Jr. and Lou Dobbs March Lily Tomlin April Dr. Robert Ballard and Jean-Michel Cousteau 1999–2000 November January February March April

Julie Andrews Todd Brewster and Peter Jennings John Krubski and Michael Connors with Ray Brady Archbishop Desmond Tutu James Carville and Newt Gingrich with Tim Russert

2000–2001 November January February March April

Senator John Glenn Tom Brokaw PM Benjamin Netanyahu Frank McCourt Dr. William Kelso

2001–2002 November January February March April

Hal Holbrook Rabbi Marc Gellman and Msgr. Thomas Hartman Dick Clark Doris Kearns Goodwin and David McCullough Madeleine Albright and James Baker with Gwen Ifill

2002–2003 November January February March April

Ken Burns Rudolph Giuliani PM Benazir Bhutto and Queen Noor with Gwen Ifill Louis Freeh Senator Fred Thompson

2003–2004 November January February March April

Cal Ripken, Jr. Robert Shiller and Jeremy Siegel Candice Bergen President Mary Robinson Thomas L. Friedman

2004–2005 November January February March April

General Tommy Franks Michael Beschloss and Walter Isaacson Tim Russert Dr. Fareed Zakaria Frank Gehry

2005–2006 November January February March April

Robert Redford with Pat Mitchell Sherry Lansing General Colin Powell (Ret.) Tom Wolfe Rick Wagoner

Burt Rutan Malcolm Gladwell and Alvin Toffler B.B. King Jim Lehrer Dr. Jared Diamond

2007–2008 November January February March April

President Vicente Fox Carly Fiorina Michael Douglas Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. David Brooks

2008–2009 November January February March April

PM Tony Blair Reza Aslan and Jon Meacham Smokey Robinson with Daphne Maxwell Reid Terry Bradshaw and Howie Long Marion Nestle and Michael Pollan

2009–2010 November January March April May

Dr. Neil deGrasse Tyson Greg Mortenson Steve Forbes Condoleezza Rice David Plouffe

2010–2011 November January February March April

President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Laura Bush Anderson Cooper Dr. George Church David Blaine

2011–2012 November Dr. Robert Ballard January Robert Gates February Quincy Jones with Tim Reid March Charles Krauthammer and Robert Reich with John Donvan April Sir Ken Robinson and Rafe Esquith 2012–2013 November Platon January Steven Spielberg, Tony Kushner and Doris Kearns Goodwin with Tim Reid February President Bill Clinton March Captain Mark Kelly and Gabrielle Giffords April Dr. Jane Goodall 2013–2014 November Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf and Maajid Nawaz with John Donvan January Dan Buettner February President George W. Bush March PM Gordon Brown April Steve Martin and Martin Short 2014–2015 November Diana Nyad January Garry Trudeau March Ben Bernanke with Paul Solman April Dr. Daniel Levitin and Rosanne Cash May General Keith Alexander and Robert Mueller with John Donvan 2015–2016 November January February March April

Michael Sandel Alan Alda James Balog PM Julia Gillard Russell Wilson and Dr. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.

2016–2017 November Nate Parker January Doris Kearns Goodwin and Jon Meacham with Steve Inskeep February Krista Tippett March PM Ehud Barak and Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei with Robin Wright April Ron Howard with Linda Holmes 2017–2018 November President Barack Obama January Glenn Close February Peter Diamandis March Ambassador Samantha Power April Joe Scarborough and Newt Gingrich with Mara Liasson 2018–2019 November January February March April

Captain Scott Kelly Tina Fey with Linda Holmes Dr. Sanjay Gupta Ian Bremmer Dr. Temple Grandin with John Donvan

2019–2020 November Bob Costas January Dave Isay, Catherine Burns and Brandon Stanton with John Donvan February Peggy Noonan 2020–2021 November January February March April

José Andrés Theresa May Esther Perel Bryan Stevenson Vijay Gupta

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er ik w eihenm ay er

Erik Weihenmayer at The Richmond Forum March 26, 2022

From Mount Everest to the Grand Canyon to Richmond, Erik Weihenmayer came and inspired us all to do the seemingly impossible. Despite going blind as a teenager, Weihenmayer lives a life without limits thanks to his positive mindset and the supportive communities he refers to as rope teams. Weihenmayer looks to his inner vision to guide him from goal to goal, challenge through challenge, and shares stories of conquering the very real fears that we all naturally face. Erik Weihenmayer’s adventurous life is full of firsts. When he was the first blind person to summit Mount Everest, many suspected that his firsts wouldn’t stop with that accomplishment, but they may not have guessed that he would be the first Richmond Forum speaker to bring a dog on stage at the Altria Theater! Our speaker and his companion, Zena the German Shepherd, greeted our largest audience of the 2022 season by acknowledging that although there is undeniable strife in the world and though he literally couldn’t see our crowd, he envisioned a Richmond community full of good people with the ability to have great success despite struggle. His approach to life depends on this internal vision of goodness. Weihenmayer seeks out the fuel of determination by setting goals that make life worthwhile. He calls this process alchemy—taking the heavy lead elements that life may throw on anyone and turning them into golden experiences. He has witnessed alchemy countless times through his inspiring friendships with fellow adventurers and shared his firsthand experiences of witnessing their innovation and strength. Weihenmayer presented the idea of Erik was an incredible presenter....not just climbing versus camping in life. “Climbers” are those who continuously strive, and when people on climbing blind (although that in itself become stagnant, they become “campers.” would have been enough) but about the Weihenmayer could easily have settled into lessons for all of us of facing struggle, pushing “camp” when he began to lose his vision, but he through adversity, building a team you can chose to reach for all that life had to offer instead. Reaching was a key factor in the philosophy that trust, and living a no barriers life. Wow! made him take up the new, challenging sport of – Forum Subscriber Facebook Comment kayaking at 40 years old.

I have attended the Richmond Forum for many years. This forum event was by far my favorite and was incredibly inspiring. In fact, I purchased his book immediately following the presentation. Just the inspiration we needed in these rather dark and challenging times! – Forum Subscriber Survey Comment

Weihenmayer’s successes and summits haven’t come without struggle, but he is thankful for that. Through experiencing the downhills of life, rising up to take on mountains once again, and living to tell the stories across the world, Weihenmayer left a profound impact on our audience in Richmond. Many subscribers commented that they had a newfound motivation to tackle their personal barriers in life—in the workplace, in their homes, in their hearts, and in their minds. For a full program recap, visit: www.richmondforum.org/erik-weihenmayer

er ik w eihenm ay er

Top: Weihenmayer telling stories of his mountain climbing expeditions with trusted rope teams. Left: Audience Q&A moderated by Sports Backers Executive Director Jon Lugbill. Bottom Left: Weihenmayer’s visit to the Simulcast Room in the Altria Theater. Bottom Right: A view from the Student Room where Erik spoke directly with local teens, parents, and teachers. Bottom: 98% of our largest audience of the season rated Erik Weihenmayer’s program as “Good” or “Excellent.”

com munit y a m plifier : chesa pe a k e bay fdn

Community Amplifier Event Partner

The Chesapeake Bay Foundation (CBF) is a non-profit organization devoted to the restoration and protection of the Chesapeake Bay. The bay’s 64,000-square-mile watershed covers parts of six states, including Virginia, and is home to more than 18 million people. In Virginia, CBF engages with more than 90,000 members in education, advocacy, litigation, and restoration in order to turn the tide and leave a legacy of clean water for future generations. Tonight CBF is hosting a livestream event at Second Baptist Church of South Richmond, home of Eden’s Garden, a transformational project that provides fresh produce in a food desert—an underserved community with limited access to grocery stores. We are fortunate to live so close to this landmark that provides so much to our ecosystem and economy and thank the CBF for the work they do to “Save The Bay.” To learn more about the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, visit: www.cbf.org

COMMITMENT TOGETHER WE’VE HELPED VCU HEALTH CARE FOR OUR COMMUNITY Health. The greatest gift for all. Visit MCVFoundation.org/CovidRelief

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Kaufman & Canoles is committed to strengthening our community. As part of that commitment, we are proud to support The Richmond Forum and the diverse guests they invite to inspire and inform our community. We CAN. And we will.

The Virginia Chapter of the Sierra Club is a grassroots-driven organization that advocates for a Virginia where all people may enjoy our natural treasures, access clean air and water, and thrive in a healthy community.Their organization takes on large issues at local levels, including but not limited to: clean transportation, improved bikeable conditions, pipeline construction, coal ash pollution, offshore wind energy, nuclear power, and offshore drilling. Tonight, the Sierra Club gathers at Pine Camp Cultural Arts and Community Center in Richmond’s Northside to watch the livestream of this debate on climate change. We’re thankful to have a community of passionate volunteers that want to learn about how they can make micro and macro changes in how climate change impacts our locality. To learn more about the Sierra Club, visit www.sierraclub.org/virginia.

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NEXT AT THE RICHMOND FORUM

May 21, 2022

Rhiannon Giddens Digging for Musical Roots

Acclaimed musician Rhiannon Giddens uses her art to excavate the past and reveal bold truths about our present. A MacArthur Fellow, co-founder of the Grammy Award-winning Carolina Chocolate Drops, and Grammy-winning solo artist, Giddens’s mission is to lift up people whose contributions to American musical history have been erased, and to work toward a more accurate understanding of the country’s musical origins. We congratulate Rhiannon for her recent second Grammy win. The Best Folk Album award was a distinguishably competitive category that included Sarah Jarosz, Madison Cunningham, Tyler Childers, and Mary Chapin Carpenter. At The Richmond Forum, Rhiannon Giddens will present a lecture punctuated with musical performances.

2022-2023 Speakers are coming. But where have they been?

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THE WORLD. We don’t debate climate change, we take action. The VCU Rice Rivers Center is 494 acres along the James River dedicated to environmental research and public service. We’re constantly testing hypotheses that influence policies. See how we’re healing the planet.

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