Test bank for terrorism and homeland security 9th edition

Test Bank for Terrorism and Homeland Security, 9th Edition

Test Bank for Terrorism and Homeland Security, 9th Edition To download the complete and accurate content document, go to: https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-terrorism-and-homeland-security-9thedition/

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

1. According to Bruce Hoffman, the politics and strategy of anticolonial revolution in the twentieth century are the basis for modern terrorism. a. True b. False ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Understand

2. Nationalistic terrorism can be the basis for long-term separatist terrorism. a. True b. False ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Understand

3. The United Kingdom claimed Cyprus as a crown colony after World War II. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 4. The United Kingdom established its Middle East military headquarters in Saudi Arabia at the end of World War II. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 5. France began colonizing Algeria in 1830. a. True b. False ANSWER: REFERENCES:

True Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 1

6. Women played an important role in the National Liberation Front (FLN). a. True b. False ANSWER: REFERENCES:

True Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 7. The majority of Mau Mau violence occurred in urban areas. a. True b. False ANSWER:

False

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Remember

8. The Mau Mau movement succeeded in the field. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 9. The Turkish Hezbollah of Eastern Turkey is connected to the Lebanese Shi'ite Hezbollah. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 10. Turkey is currently facing a wave of religious terrorism, but for the past three decades, its major problem has come from the Kurds. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 2

11. PKK leaders increased their efforts to build a terrorist organization by moving into Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley in September of 1980. a. True b. False ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Remember

12. The PKK represents the pejorative nature of terrorism. a. True b. False ANSWER:

True

REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Understand

13. Beijing claims that international jihadists are attempting to overthrow Chinese rule in Xinjiang province and establish an Islamic state. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: China’s Problems in Xinjiang LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 14. India has a variety of terrorist problems stemming from political, religious, and ethnic strife. a. True b. False ANSWER: True REFERENCES: Sikh Separatism in India LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.08 - Briefly summarize Sikh separatism in India.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 15. Endemic terrorism is nothing like nationalistic terrorism. a. True b. False ANSWER: False REFERENCES: Endemic Ethnic Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.09 - Define the term endemic terrorism.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 3

16. Which of the following refers to violent terrorism waged on the basis of a shared sense of common political unity, cultural traditions, or ethnic freedom? a. Endemic Terrorism b. Separatist Terrorism c. Nationalistic Terrorism d. Ethnic Terrorism ANSWER:

c

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Remember

17. Modern nationalistic terrorism arose after a. World War II b. World War I

.

c. The Korean War d. The Vietnam War ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 18. The United Kingdom established its Middle Eastern military headquarters in a. Cyprus b. Cape Town c. Algeria d. Tunisia

at the end of World War II.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 19. The National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA) was focused on a. Cypriot independence b. partitioning the Cypriot people into Greek and Turk populations c. maintenance of the Cypriot people under British rule

.

d. maintenance of the Cypriot people under Turkish rule ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 4

20. Georgios Grivas created what organization to overthrow British rule in Cyprus? a. EOKA b. FLN c. PKK d. ETA ANSWER: REFERENCES:

a Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 21. Algeria received independence from France in a. 1962 b. 1952 c. 1942

.

d. 1972 ANSWER: REFERENCES:

a Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 22.

was a French Captain who fought in Algeria in 1956–1958. a. David Galula b. Charles Taylor c. Nicolas Sarkozy d. Dov Lynch ANSWER: REFERENCES:

a Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 23. The work of David Galula inspired the development of the a. Total National Defense b. 1-4-2-1 c. Counterinsurgency d. Win-Hold-Win ANSWER: REFERENCES:

doctrine in the U.S. military.

c Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 5

24. The failure to separate the population from the insurgents is an example of the parallel between the French experience in Algeria and the initial American response to insurgency in . a. Iraq b. Afghanistan c. Kurdistan d. Iran ANSWER:

a

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 25. The Mau Mau movement originated in a. France b. Spain c. Chad d. Kenya

.

ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 26. The Mau Mau uprising was a(n) a. urban b. rural c. international d. student

resistance movement by a tribe displaced by colonial agricultural policies.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 27. The Mau Mau movement is based in which of the following countries? a. Kenya b. Somalia c. Uganda d. Rwanda ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 6

28.

is 99 percent Muslim and was the home of the last caliphate. a. Pakistan b. Algeria c. Kurdistan d. Turkey ANSWER: REFERENCES:

d Turkey

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 29. Although most of the country is in Asia, a. Turkey b. Cyprus c. Greece

was accepted as a partner in NATO.

d. Belgium ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 30. Habib Akdas established al Qaeda in a. Cyprus b. Turkey c. Pakistan

.

d. Chechnya ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 31. The PKK was founded in 1974 to fight for an independent a. Chechnya b. Turkey c. Kurdistan d. Pakistan ANSWER: REFERENCES:

.

c Turkey

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 7

32. Kemal Ataturk, also known as Mustafa Kemal, dissolved Islamic government in 1923 and created a a. dictatorship b. theocracy c. monarchy

.

d. secular republic ANSWER: REFERENCES:

d Turkey

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 33. While never implemented, the Treaty of Sevres created an independent a. Kurdistan b. Pakistan c. Chechnya

.

d. Cape Town ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 34. The leader of the PKK ordered the end of a suicide-bombing campaign, calling for peace between a. Chechens and the Russian Federation b. Turkey and the Kurds c. Turkey and the Gulf states

in 2006.

d. Iraq and Iran ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 35. Which of the following is Turkey’s largest ethno-nationalist terrorist threat? a. FLN b. LTTE c. IRA d. PKK ANSWER: REFERENCES:

d Turkey

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 8

36. The is a Marxist-Leninist terrorist organization comprised of Turkish Kurds. a. Lord’s Resistance Army b. PKK c. Shining Path d. FLN ANSWER: REFERENCES:

b Turkey

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 37. The PKK follows the philosophy of: a. Guevara and Marx b. Marx and Lenin c. Marighella and Guevara d. Stalin and Lenin ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 38. Turkey has lost 40,000 people to a. famine b. terrorism c. emigration

since 1980.

d. floods ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 39. PKK terrorists combined nationalism with a. ideology b. economics c. religion d. education ANSWER: REFERENCES:

.

a Turkey

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 9

are not fighting an international jihad for a caliphate; they want independence.

40. a. Muslims b. Salifs c. Sikhs d. Uighurs

ANSWER: REFERENCES:

d China’s Problems in Xinjiang

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 41. The are ethnic Turkmen, mostly Sufi Muslims, and they have lived in and governed parts of Xinjiang province for 200 years. a. PKK b. Salifs c. Sikhs d. Uighurs ANSWER: d REFERENCES: China’s Problems in Xinjiang LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 42. Beijing claims that is/are attempting to overthrow Chinese rule in Xinjiang (New Frontier) province and establish an Islamic state. a. the Lord’s Resistance Army b. international jihadists c. Shining Path d. FLN ANSWER: b REFERENCES: China’s Problems in Xinjiang LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 43. In 1949, Xinjiang province was a. 100 percent b. 90 percent

Uighur, but it may be less than 50 percent today.

c. 10 percent d. 50 percent ANSWER: b REFERENCES: China’s Problems in Xinjiang LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 10

44. The most damaging Sikh attack was on an Indian a. temple b. theater c. airliner

.

d. mall ANSWER: REFERENCES:

c Sikh Separatism in India

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.08 - Briefly summarize Sikh separatism in India.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 45. Sikhism embodies elements of __________ and Hinduism. a. Islam b. Judaism c. Shintoism d. Paganism ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Sikh Separatism in India LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.08 - Briefly summarize Sikh separatism in India.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 46.

terrorism refers to the artificial mixing of rival ethnic groups, tribes, nationalities, or cultures in a nationstate. a. Separatist b. Endemic c. Open d. Nationalist ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Endemic Ethnic Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.09 - Define the term endemic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

47. _______ has provided the impetus for regional jihadists in Sub-Saharan Africa. a. Nationalistic terrorism b. Ethnic terrorism c. Economic terrorism d. Endemic terrorism ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Endemic Ethnic Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.09 - Define the term endemic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 11

48. Most Muslims in Nigeria were originally a. Sunnis b. Sufis c. Shi’ites

and remain so today.

d. Salafists ANSWER: REFERENCES:

b Conditions in Nigeria

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.10 - Describe political conditions in Nigeria and Somalia.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 49.

is a tradition of orthodox Muslims who follow the Prophet and the early elders of the faith. a. Sunnism b. Sufism c. Shi’itsm d. Salafism ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Conditions in Nigeria LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.10 - Describe political conditions in Nigeria and Somalia.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

50. The British began creating the modern nation of Nigeria in a. 1845 b. 1960 c. 1774 d. 1916

when they assumed control of the area’s coast.

ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Conditions in Nigeria LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.10 - Describe political conditions in Nigeria and Somalia.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 51. In what year did Nigeria gain independence? a. 1848 b. 1960 c. 1916 d. 1785 ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Conditions in Nigeria LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.10 - Describe political conditions in Nigeria and Somalia.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 12

52. Who of the following ordered his followers to violently reject all things “un-Islamic?” a. bin Laden b. Shekau c. Galula d. Yusuf ANSWER: REFERENCES:

d Boko Haram and Ansaru

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.11 - Explain the rise and current status of Boko Haram.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 53. Which of the following is a confederation of tribes and clans that sought to end violence and bring Islamic law to Somalia? a. FLN b. ICU c. PKK d. TFG ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Boko Haram and Ansaru LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.11 - Explain the rise and current status of Boko Haram.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 54. The a. FLN b. ICU c. PKK

was a group that was established to govern Somalia in 2004 that nominally remained in power until 2012.

d. TFG ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Boko Haram and Ansaru LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.11 - Explain the rise and current status of Boko Haram.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 55. Boko Haram began in the northern Muslim region of: a. Great Britain b. Nigeria c. Turkey d. India ANSWER: REFERENCES:

b Boko Haram and Ansaru

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.11 - Explain the rise and current status of Boko Haram.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 13

56. Which of the following is an organization of 54 African states to promote peace, security, and economic development? a. African Committee b. African Union c. African Nations d. African Peace Accord ANSWER: REFERENCES:

b Boko Haram and Ansaru

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.12 - Describe al Shabaab's regional operations and global ambitions.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 57.

is a jihadist group that arose from the Islamic Courts Union. a. Mau Mau b. PKK c. Boko Haram d. Al Shabab ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Boko Haram and Ansaru LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.12 - Describe al Shabaab's regional operations and global ambitions.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

The EOKA used an urban strategy using a small amount of terrorists to fight 40,000 British soldiers. Their efforts brought international attention to Cyprus and aroused international support for independence. The struggle ended with a negotiated settlement. Like the EOKA, the FLN focused on urban areas and used terrorism to attract international publicity. Unlike the situation in Cyprus, most French people believed northern Algeria to be a part of France, and they saw the separatist movement as an internal rebellion. As a result, both the FLN and French security forces employed terrorism against each other. The Mau Mau movement in Kenya represents another postwar colonial revolt, but it differed from urban terrorism in Cyprus and Algeria. It was a rural resistance movement from a tribe displaced by colonial agricultural policies. Mau Mau fighters were defeated by repression, but Kenya achieved independence when the British public rejected inhumane measures.

58. The struggles noted in the aforementioned scenario all have major foundations in ? a. anti-imperialism b. religious zealotry c. jihadism d. economics ANSWER:

a

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism PREFACE NAME: EOKA LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analyze

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 14

59. The conflict in Cyprus was primarily of what nature? a. Ethnic terrorism b. Narcoterrorism c. Jihadist terrorism d. Eco-terrorism ANSWER: REFERENCES:

a Nationalistic Terrorism

PREFACE NAME: EOKA LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Analyze

60. The conflict in Kenya is primarily of what nature? a. Endemic terrorism b. Narcoterrorism c. Jihadist terrorism d. Eco-terrorism ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism PREFACE NAME: EOKA LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analyze 61. The EOKA, FLN, and the Mau Mau movement tactics most closely resemble those of ________________? a. Hamas b. the Taliban c. Hezbollah d. the IRA ANSWER: d REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism PREFACE NAME: EOKA LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analyze 62. The outcome of the EOKA’s struggle with the British in Cyprus most closely resembled the outcome of which conflict? a. The IRA and British parliament b. The Chinese and the Uighurs c. Sikh separatism in India d. Chechnya and Russia ANSWER:

a

REFERENCES: PREFACE NAME:

Nationalistic Terrorism EOKA

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analyze Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 15

The first decade of the 21st century brought seemingly peaceful solutions to three violent separatist movements: the EOKA on Cyprus, ETA’s campaign for Basque autonomy, and a long campaign of savage guerilla warfare and terrorism among two ethnic groups on the island nation of Sri Lanka. All of the conflicts appeared to end.

63. The Cypriot, Basque, and Sri Lankan conflicts all have a central focus that is primarily in nature. a. ethnic b. economic c. religious d. monetary ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism PREFACE NAME: ETA LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analyze The United Kingdom and Germany began vying for imperial control of East Africa in the late nineteenth century with Britain gradually pushing the Germans out and solidifying control after World War I. After establishing British rule in Kenya, the colonial government gave Kenya’s agricultural areas to European farmers, displacing tribes from the ancestral lands. One tribe, the Kikuyu, was forced to resettle deep in western Kenya in an area that threatened its ability to support all of the families in the tribe. British commissions recommended the expansion of Kikuyu land in the 1930s and 1940s, but the expansion was far less than the land given to white settlers. Around 1950, rumors reached the government in Nairobi indicating that there was some type of violent movement taking place in the Kikuyu tribal area. The movement, according to the rumors, was called Mau Mau. 64. The artificial boundaries imposed by imperialists fostered a new form of terrorist violence called . a. endemic terrorism b. narcoterrorism c. jihadist terrorism d. eco-terrorism ANSWER: a REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism PREFACE NAME: Kenya LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analyze 65. The Mau Mau movement would be most appropriately classified as being a a. socialistic b. nationalistic c. religious d. political

movement.

ANSWER: b REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism PREFACE NAME: Kenya LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Analyze Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 16

66. The followed an urban strategy using a small number of terrorists to bring international support for Cypriot independence.

ANSWER:

EOKA

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

BLOOM’S: Remember

KEYWORDS: 67.

was a tactic used by the FLN that included indiscriminant attacks against French outposts.

ANSWER: REFERENCES:

Blind terrorism Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 68. A ______________ is a heavy bladed machete used in agricultural work - the favored weapon of the Mau Mau. ANSWER: panga REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 69. The

uprising was a rural resistance movement by a tribe displaced by colonial agricultural policies.

ANSWER: Mau Mau REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 70. An economic consortium of several European states formed in 1992, the ____________________ was designed to remove trade barriers and to create a unified European economy.

ANSWER: REFERENCES:

European Union Turkey

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 71. The United States Supreme Court has declared PKK to be a(n) _________________ organization.

ANSWER:

foreign terrorist

REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 72. The

has one of the most highly educated police command staffs in the world.

ANSWER: Turkish National Police REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 17

73. Turkey is currently facing a wave of religious terrorism, but for the past three decades, its major problems have come from ____________.

ANSWER:

Kurds

REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Understand

74. The PKK officially changed its name to ________________________________ in 2002.

ANSWER:

Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy (KADEK) Kurdistan Freedom and Democracy KADEK REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 75. Freedom and Democracy Congress of Kurdistan, Kurdistan Peoples’ Congress, Peoples’ Congress of Kurdistan, and Liberation Units of Kurdistan are all pseudonyms for .

ANSWER: the PKK REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 76. After training in

, the PKK launched a guerrilla campaign in Turkey.

ANSWER: Syria REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 77. China’s Uighurs seek regional autonomy based on _______________.

ANSWER:

ethnicity

REFERENCES: China’s Problems in Xinjiang LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 78. Some Uighur nationalists organized in hopes of reviving an 18th century Islamic state in China’s ANSWER:

province.

Xinjiang

REFERENCES: China’s Problems in Xinjiang LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 18

79. China fights for Xinjiang because it has China’s largest ANSWER: REFERENCES:

and

reserves.

oil, gas China’s Problems in Xinjiang

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 80. The majority of Uighurs identify as ANSWER: REFERENCES:

Muslims.

Sufi China’s Problems in Xinjiang

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.06 - Describe ethnic tensions in China's Xinjiang province.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 81. After India was partitioned in 1947, some Sikhs sought independence in _____________________, a state where they represented the majority of the population.

ANSWER: REFERENCES:

Punjab Sikh Separatism in India

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.08 - Briefly summarize Sikh separatism in India.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 82. The most sacred site of the Sikh religion is the _______________________.

ANSWER: Golden Temple REFERENCES: Sikh Separatism in India LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.08 - Briefly summarize Sikh separatism in India.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember 83.

terrorism is a term used by J. Boyer Bell.

ANSWER: Endemic REFERENCES: Endemic Ethnic Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.09 - Define the term endemic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

84. Boko Haram seeks a united Muslim ANSWER: REFERENCES:

.

caliphate Boko Haram and Ansaru

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.11 - Explain the rise and current status of Boko Haram.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 85. The terrorist group Boko Haram is from the African nation of ANSWER:

.

Nigeria

REFERENCES: Boko Haram and Ansaru LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.11 - Explain the rise and current status of Boko Haram.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 19

86. Illustrate the belief systems of the Cypriot, Algerian, and Mau Mau revolutionaries.

ANSWER:

REFERENCES:

• One of the important aspects of these revolts is that in every case each side believed it had moral authority.

• The British believed they were maintaining peace on Cyprus while Greek Cypriots waged a terrorist campaign for 1) their freedom and 2) political domination over Turkish Cypriots.

• In other words, the Greek Cypriots would seek to do the same thing to the Turks that the British were doing to them.

• Algerian rebels justified the murder of noncombatants in the name of independence.

• The French responded with suppression and torture, telling the police officers and soldiers that Algerian terrorists were less than human.

• Mau Mau insurgents murdered fellow citizens while British forces and loyalists struck back ruthlessly, believing they could create a multicultural society.

• The Mau Mau rebels were destroyed, yet the political settlement that followed achieved their overall goal partially because the British voters were appalled by counterterrorist tactics.

Nationalistic Terrorism

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.01 - Define nationalistic terrorism.

TERR.WHIT.17.07.02 - Define revolutionary strategy in Cyprus.

TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 87. List the parallels between the French experience in Algeria and initial American response to the insurgencyin Iraq.

ANSWER:

• The absence of a clear doctrine to thwart an insurgency.

• Failure to recognize warning signs of an impending insurgency.

• Insurgent focus on urban areas.

• Failure to separate the population from the insurgents.

• The necessity to avoid alienating the indigenous population.

• Promoting women’s rights to counteract support for the insurgency.

• The need to emphasize law enforcement over military tactics.

• Failure to realize the limited effect of neutralizing insurgent leaders.

• The critical importance of intelligence.

• The importance of sealing borders.

• The critical impact of the humane treatment of captured insurgents.

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.03 - Compare the style of terrorism in Algeria's struggle for independence with terrorism in Cyprus.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 20

88. Explain how the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya illustrates how counterterrorism measures often produce more violence and suffering than do the actions of terrorists.

• After the state of emergency went into effect, thousands of British soldiers arrived in Kenya and were charged with ending the rebellion.

• The government recruited and trained a large local force to assist the army.

• The ensuing campaign was ruthless and violent.

• 90,000 suspected rebels were detained in special internment camps.

• The level of rebel violence dropped as government violence increased.

• Mau Mau units were forced to retreat deeper into the forest in the wake of British military offensives.

• They devolved into forest gangs.

• Military and police units laid siege to the forest.

• After the summer of 1955 the Mau Mau movement became a paper tiger and the Kikuyu struggled to survive.

• This situation continued until the end of fighting in 1960.

• Government policy was ruthless.

• Over 90,000 Mau Mau suspects were interned during the state of emergency, and the conditions of custody were appalling.

• Thousands of suspects were tortured, and a few were executed outside of the justice system.

• Beatings were routine until suspects confessed that they had taken the oath and renounced it.

• As groups of Mau Mau detainees began to band together in prison, the government began to break up prison gangs by increasing individual torture.

• The military began employing two additional tactics in the forest.

• Separating rebels from food sources, they began starving the Kikuyu.

• In addition, after entering villages they systematically singled out women for rape and torture.

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand ANSWER:

89. Explain how the Mau Mau movement represents several factors that bear no resemblance to the anticolonial urban revolts in Cyprus and Algeria.

ANSWER:

First, the Mau Mau movement was based in rural areas. Although there was some Mau Mau violence in Kenya’s cities, most violence took place in agrarian areas. Second, Mau Mau culture was based on tribal rites and ceremonies where symbols were used to solidify the group. Becoming a Mau Mau warrior involved taking an oath in a mystical tribal ceremony. Third, it brought an overwhelming British military and police response with massive detainment and torture. Fourth, Mau Mau insurgents suffered the brunt of the casualties, losing 10,000 men, while Kenyan loyalists lost 1,700, and European losses could be counted in the dozens. Finally, repression destroyed the Mau Mau, but it brought many of the political reforms that the Mau Mau had been seeking. The Mau Mau lost militarily but won the political settlement.

REFERENCES: Nationalistic Terrorism LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.04 - Explain the Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 21

90. Why do some Europeans and Americans encourage Turkey to look to Europe for cultural and economic reasons? Why are some Europeans and Americans reluctant to accept Turkey?

ANSWER:

Many Europeans and Americans encourage it, hoping that Turkey will join the European Union (EU). Other Europeans have been reluctant to accept Turkey, citing demographic, cultural, and religious differences. They fear that if Turkey joins the EU, Europe will be flooded with poorly educated workers, and radical jihadists will strengthen their foothold in Europe. They also worry about Turkey’s human rights record.

REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand 91. Outline the Kurdish Conflict – include the issue, group, campaign, and the future.

• The Issue.

• The Kurds are an ethnic group inhabiting northern Iraq, southern Turkey, and northern Iran.

• When other groups received national sovereignty at the end of the World War I, the Kurds remained divided among the three nations.

• The Treaty of Sevres (1920) created an independent Kurdistan, but it was never implemented.

• About 12 million Kurds live in Turkey.

• The Group.

• The Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) formed in 1978 as a Marxist-Leninist group. Its goal was to create an independent socialist Kurdistan.

• The Campaign.

• After training in Syria, the PKK launched a guerrilla campaign in Turkey.

• By the early 1990s, the PKK turned to urban terrorism, targeting Turks throughout Europe and in Turkey.

• After its leader, Abdullah Ocalan, was captured in 1999, the PKK pledged to work for a peaceful solution; however, it maintained various militant organizations operating under a variety of names.

• The PKK maintains links with other revolutionary groups in Turkey and with some international terrorist groups.

• The Campaign Renewed.

• Turkey is being considered for admission to the European Union.

• The EU, NATO, and the United States list the various entities of the PKK as terrorist organizations.

• In October 2003 the United States agreed to crack down on the PKK in northern Iraq, but the group remained.

• Turkey began clandestine incursions into the Kurdish area of Iraq around 2006.

• Open confrontation began in 2008, and by 2010 PKK units were crossing into Turkey attacking military outposts.

• The Future.

• After years of challenges, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the PKK is a foreign terrorist group.

Turkey conducts intelligence, military, and law enforcement operations against the PKK, and it is gradually moving further from Europe seeking closer ties with the Middle East.

REFERENCES: Turkey LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.05 - Summarize the terrorist issues facing Turkey.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember ANSWER:

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 22

92. Why is the Golden Temple important to Sikh terrorism?

ANSWER:

Issues came to a head between Indian authorities and the Sikhs in 1984 when Indian military forces entered the Sikhs’ most sacred site, the Golden Temple, and engaged in a bloody battle with armed militants. Thousands of people were killed. Small groups of Sikhs formed terror cells that targeted Indian security forces, unsympathetic journalists, and the majority community of Sikhs who called for the restoration of peace. A few months after the Golden Temple raid, the Sikh bodyguards of Indira Gandhi, the prime minister of India, assassinated her.

REFERENCES: Sikh Separatism in India LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.08 - Briefly summarize Sikh separatism in India.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Remember

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 23

93. Explain “endemic terrorism” to describe the state of terrorist violence in Africa.

ANSWER:

Endemic terrorism describes the state of terrorist violence in Africa; it is defined as a form of terrorism created by artificial divisions of tribes, families, and ethnic groups.

• When moving south of the Sahara, it is possible to see the extent of endemic terrorism, but problems in sub-Saharan Africa extend beyond terrorism.

• War, famine, and disease are more pressing.

• Both children and women are exploited, and totalitarian governments control some countries.

• Africa is the poorest region on earth.

Africa was colonized by European nations in the 19th and early 20th • centuries, and they divided the continent based on European spheres of influence.

• Paying no attention to traditional regions or tribal boundaries in sub-Saharan Africa, various ethnic groups were placed in newly formed European countries.

• This was problematic, as many times competing tribes or groups of deadly rivals were joined in the new countries.

• Post-colonial revolts and political pressure slowly forced European countries out of the area after World War II, leaving many countries seething with internal hostilities.

• Additionally, some countries were dominated by white colonists who refused to yield power to black majorities after the Europeans departed.

• Feelings of social animosity were exacerbated by extreme disparity in the unequal distribution of Africa’s limited wealth and fierce economic exploitation of the continent’s mineral and energy resources.

• Ethnic cleansing, child armies, wars by self-appointed militias such as the Lord’s Resistance Army, crime and corruption, and internal strife have evolved into subSaharan Africa’s unique brand of nationalist terrorism.

• It is endemic indeed. In western and central Africa, terrorism represents a potential problem.

• The Horn of Africa has active groups, including a jihadist movement, but even there ethnic cleansing, revolts, slavery, and starvation outweigh the problems presented by terrorism.

• Africa is suffering from a colonial past, poverty, and a modern epidemic.

• Some policy makers believe that these issues must be addressed, but that they are separate from terrorism.

Others argue that a comprehensive approach to Africa’s massive social problems is a more effective method of controlling terrorism.

REFERENCES: Endemic Ethnic Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.09 - Define the term endemic terrorism.

KEYWORDS: BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Page 24

Test Bank for Terrorism and Homeland Security, 9th Edition

94. Why does endemic terror thrive in Africa?

• The borders in much of sub-Saharan Africa and the modern Middle East were drawn in Europe without regard for tribal areas, ethnicity, or religion. This resulted in artificial separations of traditional political associations and cultures. In other instances, rival groups or families were lumped into a single new country despite the fact that they had no common history. Politics in these states often became violent as factions clashed for control of governments. Rulers were notoriously corrupt and/or brutally repressive.

Crime flourished, and human rights vanished. Iron-handed rule was one of the few methods that could hold these countries together. Arbitrary arrests, summary executions, and torture allowed the dominant groups to rule over their enemies. Such condition can produce endemic terrorism, which has occurred in the cases of three jihadist groups espousing global rhetoric and engaging in regional violence.

REFERENCES: Endemic Ethnic Terror in Sub-Saharan Africa LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.09 - Define the term endemic terrorism.

ANSWER:

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Understand

95. What is Yusufiya, and how does it relate to Boko Haram?

ANSWER:

The ideology behind Boko Haram predates the actual creation of the group by nearly two decades. It was formed in 1995 when a number of Nigerian Salafis grew disgruntled with ideas from secular education that seemed to contradict the Quran. It morphed into a formal movement under the leadership of Mohammed Yusuf in 2003. An anti-intellectual who rejected modernity and science, Yusuf urged his young followers to violently reject all things “un-Islamic.” They took up his call and embraced his leadership. Followers began to refer to themselves as Yusufiya.

REFERENCES: Boko Haram and Ansaru LEARNING OBJECTIVES: TERR.WHIT.17.07.11 - Explain the rise and current status of Boko Haram.

KEYWORDS:

BLOOM’S: Understand

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Page 25