KU Gensler | GastingerWalker Co-Op

THE FUTURE OF ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICTS KU CO-OP 2021

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS | GENSLER CHICAGO | GASTINGERWALKER& KANSAS CITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION RESEARCH

2 6

PROBLEM STATEMENT

12

TYPOLOGIES

20

PRECEDENTS

26

SURVEY RESULTS

44

THESIS

50 DESIGN DRIVERS

52

SITE STUDIES

60

DRIVER ANALYSIS

68

DESIGN

76 MASTER PLAN

78

MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS

88

APPENDIX

96

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& |

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INTRODUCTION A QUICK INTRODUCTION INTO WHAT THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS CO-OP IS, WHO WE ARE, AND WHAT OUR RESEARCH PROMPT WAS.

THE KU CO-OP Every year, the KU Co-Op program allows students the chance to throughly research a significant aspect of the architectural discipline within an urban context. After quarantining through a global pandemic for a year and a half, firm mentors have prompted us to investigate the effects COVID-19 will have for the future of urban entertainment districts.

The project prompt we were given to address this was the following: ”As we begin to move into post-pandemic life, people are cherishing in-person social interaction more and more after years of isolation and virtual gatherings. How will the built environment respond to this new mentality? How will places of recreation & entertainment transform to meet the new needs of a changed population?”

Initial research concerned the effects of COVID-19 on the built environment, typologies and trends within entertainment districts, and precedent studies. In the second half of the program, we developed a methodology based on our research that would allow us to assess existing and potential entertainment districts. We concluded by developing theoretical master plans in both Chicago and Kansas City that address the issues we’ve noticed and are better equipped for the future.

4

THE KU CO-OP

CHICAGO

KANSAS CITY

MENTORS Gensler Katie Smith Max Cantu-Lima Gretchen Kelly Dave Broz

Riley Hausman

Nikola Braynov

GastingerWalker& Kevin Harden Kylie Dixon The University of Kansas Joe Colistra

Randi Moore

Hannah Kouri

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& |

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RESEARCH INVESTIGATION OF MAJOR TRENDS PRECIPITATING FROM THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC, HOW THEY HAVE SHAPED URBAN ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT TYPOLOGIES, AND INITIAL HYPOTHESES OF FUTURE URBAN CENTERS.

GLOBAL PANDEMIC Before discussing how COVID-19 is influencing the built environment, particularly entertainment districts, we must first observe the drastic effects it has had on society as a whole over the past year and a half and how our daily lives have been impacted.

Generally speaking, the pandemic has been an extremely impactful experience for most people around the globe.

Interpersonal relationships have been strained as people became more isolated, constant quarantining led to declining physical and mental health, and an unstable economy contributed to financial stress and job insecurity for many.

Nevertheless, some silver linings have developed as well. For example, public health and safety practices have significantly improved. Working from home has allowed people to spend more time with loved ones while also providing opportunities for new hobbies. Additionally, technology has adapted to bridge the gap left by the need to fulfill basic services through contactless means.

As more people get vaccinated and cases decline, we will collectively begin to resume activities in the public realm. As this happens, we must be conscious of both the positive and negative experiences and trends we have faced throughout the pandemic while also considering how they will shape future social interactions and the spaces in which they occur.

8

Dec. 8, 2019

Jan. 7

First patient develops symptoms of coronavirus in Wuhan, China.

Identification of novel coronavirus COVID-19.

Jan. 21

Mar. 11

Mar. 13

First reported case of COVID-19 in the United States of America.

WHO declares COVID-19 a global pandemic.

United States issues an international travel ban.

Mar. 19

Nov. 11

Dec. 11

California becomes the first US state to initiate statewide lockdown.

Report finds indoor venues to be primary spreader of COVID-19.

Mar. 29

Apr. 27, 2021

States begin allowing vaccinations for all adults.

Mask restrictions ease as more people are vaccinated; buildings open back up

FDA agrees to EUA for Pfizer vaccine, beginning distribution to frontline workers.

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& |

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PROJECT FOCUS The nature of human interactions, whether it be in a social, recreational, commercial, or professional context, has undeniably evolved over the course of the pandemic. As our behaviors and activities change, our built environment must adapt alongside us to fulfill our needs. As mixed use developments, urban entertainment districts contain a wide variety of spaces within them, including entertainment venues, businesses, residences, and public gathering spots.

As the public realm once again becomes more utilized, the question arises of how existing spaces will need to adapt and how new spaces will need to be designed. Will people, now unaccustomed to large crowds, prefer smaller-scale event venues? Will they throw caution into the wind and crowd stadiums as if the pandemic never happened? How do we make these public experiences memorable again? Will the increased implementation of technology continue or return to its previous state? How flexible will we need to design spaces to be in case another pandemic strikes in the future? These are just a few of the questions we must keep in mind when discussing the future of the built environment.

In the following pages, we discuss the key trends of social isolation, safety concerns, and inadequacy of spaces that have come to the forefront as well as their architectural implications. Examining and responding to these drivers will assist in the planning and design of post-COVID entertainment districts and should lead to more adaptable urban spaces.

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“ As we begin to move into post-pandemic life, people are cherishing in-person social interac tion more and more af ter years of isolation and virtual gatherings. How will the built environment respond to this new mentality? How will places of recreation & entertainment transform to meet the new needs of a changed population? ”

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& |

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PROBLEM STATEMENT THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC PUT ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICTS AND THEIR VENUES THROUGH AN UNEXPECTED STRESS TEST WHICH REVEALED A VARIETY OF INADEQUACIES. WITH FUTURE PANDEMICS BEING INEVITABLE, WE MUST RE-IMAGINE THE SCOPE AND DESIGN OF ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICTS. THEIR FUTURE SUCCESS WILL REQUIRE MORE FLEXIBILITY FOR PEOPLE’S HEALTH AND SAFETY WHILE STILL MAINTAINING A SENSE OF PLACE AND COMMUNITY.

SOCIAL ISOLATION Undoubtedly, COVID-19 has fundamentally altered the nature of social interactions around the world. Because most people were forced to quarantine, isolation and loneliness were pervasive, bringing to light an already looming mental health crisis. Also important is the fact that people turned towards technology in completing services and communication.

Nevertheless, people are beginning to re-enter the public realm. A distinct opportunity to form strong community bonds is available, as witnessed by thousands flocking to stadiums and theaters en masses as restrictions ease. As urban hot spots, entertainment districts can potentially serve a very significant role in facilitating these new social relationships.

At the same time, we must keep in mind the evolving concept of the comfortable physical distance between people as people readjust. As a result, the urban spaces of the future must be adaptable and accessible by providing spaces for varying densities. Additionally, we must find new ways to incorporate the increased integration of technology in public spaces.

1

IN

5

Americans always or often feel lonely or socially isolated.

Those affected also feel dissatisfied with:

53%

Finances

44%

Employment

33%

Housing

Source: Kaiser Family Foundation

14

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Cannot enjoy books and TV

Does not look forward to things

Lost interes in appearance

Feeling slowed down

Not feeling cheerful

Cannot laugh and see the funny side

Cannot enjoy things

Sudden panic

Restlessness

Frightened feeling in stomach

Cannot sit still

Worrying thoughts

Frightened something bad will happen

Feeling Tense

% REPORTING INCREASE SINCE COVID-19 30%

20%

10%

0%

-10% Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry

ANXIETY DEPRESSION

40%

APP/TECHNOLOGY USE

Online Shopping

Food Delivery

Contactless Payment/QR

Communication

Medical

Personal Health

Online Streaming

Wayfinding/Impairment

100%

% REPORTING INCREASE SINCE COVID-19

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 15

SAFETY CONCERNS Another key factor that needs to be considered as public spaces reopen again is the health and safety of occupants and how to best facilitate ongoing safety protocols.

Throughout the country, cities employed a variety of safety measures within public buildings to keep people as safe as possible. Some tactics include sanitation stations, entry screening, mask mandates, and contactless service options.

When sufficient safety could not be achieved, buildings were closed outright. Overall, most people think their respective cities addressed safety protocols effectively, meaning the virus spread more through private gatherings and individual failures of following the measures.

Architecture can facilitate the implementation of safety measures through design by accounting for the necessary features and spaces we now know we need to battle epidemics. As public areas continue to open back up, some of these protocols might still be in use, and many people actually favor continuing their use into the future in the name of public health. Thus, new public districts should plan ahead for similar scenarios and make spaces adaptable for safety measures.

76.9%

of survey takers felt their city had effective COVID-19 safety protocols

87.9%

of survey takers felt stores, restaurants, etc. adapted well to meet people’s needs

16

CASES/DAY

DEATHS/DAY

300,000

4,000

250,000

150,000

Source: Heritage.org

3,000

200,000

2,000

100,000

1,000

50,000 0

0 JF M A M J

J A S O N D J

2020

F M A M J

JA

JF M A M J

2021

J A S O N D J

2020

F M A M J

JA

2021

SAFETY PROTOCOLS Sanitation Stations QR Codes for Menus Mask Mandates Social Distancing Temperature Checks Contactless Options Building Pre-Screening 0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

% FAVORING CONTINUATION POST-COVID-19

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 17

INADEQUATE SPACES Since humans spend approximately ninety percent of their time indoors, the built environment needs to be able to adequately address our needs. Unfortunately, the pandemic exposed some significant flaws.

One of the biggest issues has been buildings’ ability to adapt to the new norms. Since most entertainment districts had to go unused because of quaranting, it would have been rather helpful if we could have adapted those structures into testing centers or treatment facilities. Designing buildings with the knowledge that their function will later need to change or adapt will provide a more sustainable and long-lasting built environment that will better prepare us for the future.

The other major issue is access to nature. Studies show that access to the outdoors significantly improves both psychological and physical health in most people. Since humans tend to spend the majority of their time in buildings, we must investigate more methods of integrating nature into the built environment through architectural design, especially for scenarios where people are forced to stay indoors.

FOOT TRAFFIC DURING COVID-19

RELATIVE FOOT TRAFFIC

1.5

1.0

0.5

0 F

Movie Theaters

18

M

A

Airports

M

2019 Bars and Clubs

J

J

Hotels

A

S

Sit-Down Restaurants

O

N

Caterers

D

Supermar

rkets

HAVE YOU USED PUBLIC SPACES DURING COVID-19?

“We’ve had to stay indoors 100% of the time because our sidewalks are too tight for social distancing. “

“They’ve become more important to my mental health. The roads are less full with cars so there is more space to walk.”

35% NO 65% YES

“I’m busy taking care of an elderly parent who is not able to get outside.”

“I think the pandemic has really shown how much we rely on these spaces for exercise, and for just getting some fresh air and sunshine.”

Source: SafeGraph

Source: Gehl

J

F

Coffee and Snack

M

A

Casinos

M

J

2020 Counter-Service Restaurants

J

A

Grocery Stores

S

General Merchandise

O

N

Malls

D

Hospitals

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 19

TYPOLOGIES BEFORE IT CAN BE DETERMINED WHAT SPACES THE ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICTS OF THE FUTURE WILL REQUIRE, WE MUST FIRST ANALYZE THE EXISTING TYPOLOGIES AND DETERMINE HOW THE GLOBAL PANDEMIC HAS IMPACTED THEIR INDIVIDUAL NEEDS AND OVERALL PROGRAMMING.

ENTERTAINMENT A major virtual transition occurred during the course of the pandemic for the entertainment industry as events and movies were broadcasted on streaming services.

As these venues start to open up again, patrons are eager to crowd back into stadiums and music venues with little worry for health risks. Movie theaters are not quite as popular.

New trends that will likely stay include increased health and safety measures such as vaccine requirements and sanitation stations as well as more contactless interactions for ticket sales, wayfinding, and concessions.

Some visualization will stay in place going forward. Smaller, local venues might become more popular for more personalized experiences and events. Venues should also consider alternative uses and more congregation spaces.

RETAIL E-commerce and online shopping have come to define pandemicera consumer behavior. This will likely continue for convenience, and physical stores will transition to fulfillment centers for picking up purchases. However, entertainment districts can still make use of smaller specialty stores since people enjoy shopping in between other activities.

Pop-Up spaces are a more innovative option for getting pedestrians to visit specialty stores. These shopping spaces are more experience-driven and make customers feel they are a part of something exclusive.

Convenience stores and supermarkets where customers are able to obtain most of the items they need are ideal. Such stores are necessary in urban environments so that locals do not have to drive out of their way for basic groceries.

22

RESTAURANTS Like retail stores, restaurants also experienced a visualization of services throughout COVID-19. Consequently, pedestrians may no longer desire to eat at sit-down locations as much. Instead, grab-n-go options or more open-air food courts might be the new preference for entertainment districts.

Key trends include single-use menus, disposable silverware, hand sanitizing stations, prepackaged meals, increased digital offerings, increased use of local ingredients, and frictionless transactions.

In terms of physical layouts, social distancing will likely persist, meaning fewer, more spread out tables with less bar seating. Dining room footprint space might reduce for increased kitchen space. Temporary outdoor dining options might become permanent fixtures.

OFFICE As people return to work in person after a year of working from home, questions arise regarding the future of office spaces. On the one hand, some enjoyed the convenience and comfort of home, while others missed getting out of the house and being in a dedicated work environment.

The solution will ultimately be one of flexibility and adaptability, both by workers and the spaces they utilize. Common request by workers include flex space options, shared meeting spaces, improved indoor air quality, connected building apps and technology.

Office spaces will need to have more flexible layouts as occupants shy away from long-term capital-intensive commitments. Designers do need to be careful to not oversaturate buildings with flex spaces however.

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 23

RESIDENTIAL Residential spaces in general should be integrated into urban districts.

Typically residential buildings are spaced away from the major nodes of activity and noise. A standard mixed use building might have a lower floor of retail with residential units on top.

In accordance with the Live-Work-Play model, people living in these areas should have access to various services such as grocery stores, dining options, health centers, public transit, etc. Ideally, residents should be able to walk or bike to work and entertainment areas.

Trends include more focus on affordable housing and inclusivity, work from home options such as offices within units or the complex, integration of fresh air/nature access, and open spaces and amenities for tenants within the complex.

CIVIC Examples: police stations, fire stations, hospitals, libraries, government buildings, post offices, educational buildings Most do not have major typology trend changes and might just exist nearby and need to be considered in master planning depending on context.

One of the goals of urban entertainment districts is to create a sense of community within the inner city environment. As a result, these districts might need community centers. Some associated spaces include assembly halls, daycares, recreational facilities, and art centers.

Some trends and needs to consider flexibility and operable partitions, accessibility and connection to outdoor spaces, operable windows, touch-free fixtures and services, and technology needs

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OUTDOOR Access to nature within the built environment has always been important, both for psychological and health purposes. Reintegrating nature back into architectural design has been a trend of sustainability in recent years and should now be even more encouraged.

With most people being stuck indoors throughout COVID-19, access to fresh air and greenery significantly helped manage depression.

In designing the post-pandemic world, buildings will need more openings to the outside for occupant use. Additionally, more openair zones for public use in the spaces between buildings will develop healthy outdoor environments for pedestrians.

INFRASTRUCTURE Examples: transportation/biking/mass transit, parking/roads/bridges, maintenance and operations, water/sewage/electric/gas services It should be noted that some stores and restaurants have started to utilize outdoor spaces in front of buildings such as roads and sidewalks and might continue to do so.

Walking, biking, and mass transit should be prioritized over private modes of transportation.

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 25

PRECEDENTS TO DETERMINE HOW THE VARIOUS TYPOLOGIES FUNCTION AND HOW THEY COULD BE CHANGING, WE ANALYZED EXISTING, ONGOING, AND FUTURE CASE STUDIES OF ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICTS IN BOTH THE KANSAS CITY AND CHICAGO METRO AREAS.

CHICAGO MAP

WRIGLEYVILLE

LINCOLN YARDS

MILLENNIUM PARK

MILLENNIUM PARK CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Developer: The City of Chicago Architect: SOM, Gehry Partners, Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Harley Ellis Devereaux Size: 24.5 acres Cost: $500 Million paid by taxpayers and private donations Status: Completed 2004

5 8

1

6

2

7

SOM | James Steinkamp

1

Wide walkways for pedestrians with integrated landscaping

a

2

a

Variety of trees, gardens, and landscaped spaces for greenery

a

3 a

30

6

Intentional design of walkability infrastructure

a

Enough space available for bicycle options to be viable

a

4

5

1-2 story pedestrian-scaled buildings within park

7

Recreational facilities and activities available for public use

a

Lack of retail/office spaces to increase amount of greenery

8 a

District has proximity to public transit options

Millennium Park was created to celebrate the third millennium (2001-3000). It is one of the top tourist destinations in the United States. The 24.5 acre entertainment district’s main focus is recreation and outdoor activities. The park also features a small music venue, The Jay Pritzker Pavilion, and hosts several

festivals annually. The district has a plethora of outdoor spaces and features, parks, fountains, recreational spaces and music venues. The landscaped public area serves as an home to recreational space, musical theatre, and community spaces.

PUBLIC / OUTDOOR SPACE Cloud Gate, Crown Fountain,Buckingham Fountain, Abraham Lincoln: Head of State, Peanut Park, Maggie Daley Park, Grant Park, Butler Field, Upper Hutchinson Field, Lakefront Park, Lakeview Park, Cancer Survivor’s Garden, Lurie Garden, Formal Gardens, Congress Median Garden, South President’s Court, Tennis, Skating, Playgrounds, Cycling Paths, Baseball, Public Fitness Programs PERFORMANCE VENUE Jay Pritzker Pavilion (Capacity of 11,000) CIVIC

School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Public Sculptures

Timeout | Shutterstock

Chicago Loop Alliance

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WRIGLEYVILLE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS

Client: Hickory Street Capitol (Owned by Rickett’s Family) Architect: Various Status: Ongoing

5 3

1

2

4

7 8

6

Block Club Chicago

1

Large windows and openings to allow views to other venues

a

2

a

Views framed to establish relationship with streetlife

a

3 a

32

6

Sidewalks appear a bit narrow and could make pedestrians feel crowded

a

Mixed-use functionality expressed vertically through architecture

a

4

5

Signage throughout to signal space as entertainment district

7

Buildings have little integration/ relationship to sidewalks

a

Some trees available, but overall lack of significant greenery

8 a

Can add bike lanes to make bicycle options viable

“The Ricketts family’s goal is to provide an environment that is community-friendly and has a sense of space that can be a town square for Wrigleyville.” Wrigleyville is a multi tiered development with several construction goals that will validate its identity as an entertainment district.

Each new mixed-use building or hotel has a different developer and architect. Most of the new infrastructure

RETAIL SPACE

ENTERTAINMENT Wrigley Field CIVIC

started after the historic World Series win in 2016. The first renovations of the area broke ground in 2016. This created a domino effect of other developers vying for real estate in the district. They have created a distinct with surrounding Wrigley Field, one of the most notable historic attractions in Chicago.

Hotel Zachary: includes restaurants, bars, and dessert stops, American Airlines Conference Center

RESIDENTIAL (MIXED-USE) Addison & Clark: includes a movie theatre, bowling alley, motorcycle dealership, restaurants, retail, and a health club, studio-2 bedroom apartments (8 floors) Wrigleyville Lofts1-2 bedroom apartments, retail spaces, coffee shop RESTAURANTS OFFICE SPACE

Urban Land Magazine

Chicago Tribune

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LINCOLN YARDS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Developer: Sterling Bay Architect: Various Cost: $6 Billion Status: Planned

1 4 5

2

7

6

Sterling Bay

1

Windows and openings connect to streetlife and other venues

a

2

a

Integrating parks, landscaping, and greenery features inside urban center

a

3 a

34

6

Shaded public flex space to contribute to pedestrian experience

a

Community members requested more parks over entertainment venues

a

4

5

Unique and expressive architectural form to give district distinct character

7

Variety of outdoor seating and dining options available

a

Mixed use of retail, office, and residential spaces

8 a

Architecture seeks to celebrate historic industrial past

Vision: “To breathe fresh life into a former industrial site in Chicago’s North Branch Corridor. Bringing new and improved infrastructure and transportation, businesses and residences, parks and open spaces, and other amenities to create a vibrant, mixed-use community where Chicago can connect — building on the past to

strengthen our future. Creating the connections that will generate greater opportunity and growth.” (lincolnyards. com). This site will give the community members an entertainment space as well as access to landscaped space within their neighborhood, making it more accessible than downtown options.

INFRASTRUCTURE Lync (Transportation Hub) OFFICE SPACE Lab Space for the Life Science Community (ALLY at 1229 West Concord) (hopeful to break ground second half of 2021) RESIDENTIAL RESTAURANTS PUBLIC / OUTDOOR SPACE Public Parks, Soccer Fields RETAIL

Curb Chicago

Crain’s Chicago Business

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KANSAS CITY MAP POWER & LIGHT DISTRICT ROCK ISLAND BRIDGE

BLUHAWK

POWER & LIGHT DISTRICT KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI

Developer: The Cordish Companies Architect: HOK, Beyer Blinder Belle Size: 20 acres Cost: $850 Million Status: Opened 2008

1

6 5

2

3

4 7

Visit Overland Park

1

Taller buildings in the distance provide a nice backdrop

a

2

a

Glass prevalent towards the street/ facing south

a

3 a

38

6

Overhead canopy to define KC Live event space

a

2-3 story buildings are much more pedestrian-scaled than surroundings

a

4

5

Signage and lighting to define area as entertainment district

7

Trees and planters provide a little bit of greenery

a

Defined primary and circulation pathways

secondary

8 a

Lack of bicycle options in and around the district

“The Kansas City Power and Light is a vibrant nine-block dining, shopping, office, entertainment and lifestyle neighborhood that since opening in 2008, provides world-class dining, award-winning entertainment, and luxurious services to guests, visitors and residents.” The

ENTERTAINMENT Mainstreet Theater, T-Mobile Center, KC Live!, Midland, KC Rep

district is divided into unique and adaptable subspaces.

It’s very accessible and has good connectivity. Offering a neighborhood feel, the service retail spaces, such as grocery stores and health clubs, strengthen long-term viability.

RESIDENTIAL One Light and Two Light Luxury Apartments

PUBLIC OUTDOOR SPACE PNC Plaza RETAIL

Consentino’s Downtown Market Rally House, Bare Med Spa, OneLife Fitness, Polished Nail Salon, Posh KC, PowerLife Yoga, and more

OFFICES H&R Block HQ RESTAURANT KC Live!, Bristol, BRGR Kitchen, Country Road Ice House, Drunken Fish, Gui Fieri Tacos, Howl at the Moon, Insomnia, Johnny’s Tavern, and more

Finding Kansas City

Visit KC

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 39

BLUHAWK OVERLAND PARK, KANSAS

Developer: Price Brothers Architect: Klover Architects Size: 300 acres Cost: $1 Billion Status: Ongoing, Construction began 2020, Completion Fall 2022

1

2

5

6 3 7

4 8

BluHawk

1

Residential units close but distanced from public center

a

2

a

Health center for community wellness available

a

3 a

40

6

Central sports facility with smaller adaptable facilities inside

a

Central outdoor space for pedestrians to converge then spread out

a

4

5

Community center for civic meetings and flex space

7

2-3 story buildings fit within more suburban context

a

Suburban-style retail strips towards the outside of the complex

8 a

Parking lots around the perimeter of the complex

Vision: “Bluhawk is a community built to energize and excite. By pairing retail and dining with world-class athletics facilities, Bluhawk serves as a communal hub for leisure and competition attracting families from the Overland Park area as well as regional traffic for sports

ENTERTAINMENT Bluhawk Sports Park - indoor multisports complex to host local, regional, and national competitive and recreational sports supporting traveling teams with pro shops, locker rooms, meeting rooms, and other amenities PUBLIC OUTDOOR SPACE RETAIL

Consentino’s Market, AT&T, Massage Luxe, Posh Nails, Scott’s Diamond Designs, TJ Maxx, Three Dog Bakery, Verizon, and more to come

OFFICE Office space above retail

tournaments and outlet shopping.” This mixed-use, livework-play development is walkable with lots of outdoor spaces between structures. With access to Overland Park schools will draw in families and young professionals.

RESTAURANT Cactus Grill, Costa Vida, Freddy’s, Gyu-Kaku Japanese BBQ, Jersey Mike’s Subs, Panera Bread, Red Door Woodfired Grill, Tropical Smoothie Cafe RESIDENTIAL The Residences at Bluhawk - 1.2, and 3 bedroom apartment homes

CIVIC 4000 seat Civic Center offering opportunities for concerts and other community events, AdventHealth Emergency Department, Police and Fire Station

BluHawk

2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 41

ROCK ISLAND BRIDGE KANSAS CITY, KANSAS

Developer: Flying Truss Architect: Gould Evans Architects Size: 20 acres Cost: Estimated $5 million Status: Slated to open 2023

1

5

2

7

3

6

8

Gould Evans Architects

1

Surrounding natural landscape on either side of river visible

a

2

a

Vertical gardens on bridge provide greenery access as well

can

a

3 a

42

6

Bridge is a historic structure being repurposed for new functions

a

River can be activated for entertainment functions

a

4

5

River serves as a soothing water feature below the structure

7

Artful lighting systems to give the space unique character

a

Potential to take advantage of wind, solar, and river energy

8 a

Pedestrian-friendly for both walking and cycling

Vision: “Appreciating the recreational value of the Kansas River, the emerging energy in the West Bottoms and a growing demand for experiences that are unique and authentic, Flying Truss LLC (FT) was formed to reclaim the historic Rock Island Railroad Bridge (the “RIB”) as an entertainment district, and new Kansas City

ENTERTAINMENT Lower and Top Decks to host a variety artistic performances PUBLIC OUTDOOR SPACE Trail connection, Community zone with space for boating and biking, gardens, public art RETAIL

metro landmark.” The RIB links both Kansas Cities, in their shared histories of railroads, rivers and big bridges. The plans for this development is to recognize the importance of this bridge’s essential link in the Kansas and Missouri trail system, as a means to activate the river.

CIVIC

A Community Zone - tenting space for the KCK farmers market and other nonprofits whose mission activates the trails, the river and the bridge

Retail spaces on Lower Deck

OFFICES On Lower Deck RESTAURANTS Lower and Top Deck Bar/coffee shops, food hall, Lower Deck event space, covered Top Deck event space, dance floor, open-air veranda, catering

Gould Evans Architects

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SURVEY RESULTS THE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED THROUGH A GOOGLE FORM. IT WAS SENT OUT TO BOTH GENSLER CHICAGO AND GASTINGERWALKER& KANSAS CITY’S OFFICES. THE SURVEY WAS ALSO DISTRIBUTED ON MEANS OF GROUPME, FACEBOOK, AND REDDIT.

PEOPLE’S COMFORTA

46

ABILITY VS INTEREST

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73%

OF PEOPLE SAID THEY WANT TO LIVE NEAR AN ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT

TYPES OF TRANSPORTATION WANTED IN AN ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT

48

ITEMS PEOPLE ARE MOST LIKELY TO PURCHASE IN PERSON STREAMING SERVICES VS MOVIE THEATERS

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THESIS POST-PANDEMIC ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICTS WILL NEED TO HAVE FLEXIBILITY WITHIN TYPOLOGIES, SPACES, AND TECHNOLOGY IN ORDER TO MEET THE NEW NEEDS OF PEOPLE AND UPHOLD HIGHER STANDARDS NECESSARY TO CREATE A SAFER ENVIRONMENT.

DRIVERS

WHY DRIVERS SHAPE ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICTS SOCIAL ISOLATION

In order to meet the needs of a postpandemic society, entertainment districts will need to integrate technology, be flexible, in terms of space, programming, and community to ensure that they are responsive to the lessons we have learned throughout the past couple years, and adaptable for any future applications. The 6 Drivers are the basic elements of a good entertainment district. Some selected sites might already have a few of the drivers while some may have none. The idea is to make sure all 6 drivers are the center piece in creating a post-pandemic entertainment district.

ANCHOR SPACE The anchor space is the primary destination for the entertainment district. It draws people into the area and is best utilized in conjunction with surrounding supporting infrastructure. This space is the main entertainment attraction of the district and would bring the most people to the area. It acts as a landmark to help define and distinguish an area.

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COMMUNITY FOCUS Focusing on community throughout the entertainment district allows the area to be constantly activated throughout the year. Community focus provides people of all ages and socio-economic status the opportunity to have spaces that are welcoming. Entertainment districts that are community driven allow for members to be involved in their local economy.

SAFETY CO

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE Flexibility across all scales is critical to the success of future entertainment districts.

This means designing with multi-function, mixed-use and adaptation. For the sustainability and longevity of the district, the built environment to be developed with the users in mind as well as the evolving climate, technology, and spatial needs.

ONCERNS

INADEQUATE SPACES

HISTORY & CULTURE

OUTDOOR INTEGRATION

TECHNOLOGY

Pride in local history cultivates uniqueness within each individual entertainment district. The history and culture of the entertainment districts can inspire how the district gets developed. The uniqueness of each entertainment district will continue to bring people, local and visitors, to activate the spaces by participating in events and contributing to the economy.

Public access to green spaces promotes well-being among visitors of the district and the surrounding environment. These spaces inside an entertainment district allow for people to feel safe while gathering. Integration of outdoor spaces, small or large, connects people to nature and facilitates healthy city scapes.

Inclusion of technology in developing spaces adds a level of convenience and further social integration to connect people to each other and place.

With technology being an integral part of everyday life, it is crucial to take the positives of what technology can bring to a built environment and incorporate it entertainment districts.

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94%

DRIVERS

PRECEDENTS AND SURVEY

of survey respondents said buildings classified as anchor spaces are important in an entertainment district

ANCHOR SPACE Anchor spaces were seen a lot throughout the precedent studies.

We took an understanding that many successful entertainment districts have a space that draws people in for a multitude of reasons whether it is sports, music, or community. Many survey respondents thought that spaces that could be an anchor space mattered in entertainment districts. This helped us understand that these spaces will continue to help create a strong and successful entertainment district.

WRIGLEY FIELD

T-MOBILE CENTER

BLUHAWK SPORTS PARK 54

Will Byington

Salina Post

Kansas City Business Journal

“Home buyers are looking for ‘Community as Amenity’ -meaning that no matter how large or small and whether urban or suburban, every project needs to embrace strong fundamentals of great neighborhoods” - Ken Ryan | NAHBNow

COMMUNITY FOCUS Successful entertainment districts have a strong sense of community. The precedents we researched continued to show that bringing communities together drove the district to be more successful. From park activities to large gathering areas having spaces where people can be brought together have been shown successful to strong entertainment districts.

Millennium Park Foundation

MILLENNIUM PARK PROGRAMS

Gould Evans

ROCK ISLAND BRIDGE COMMUNITY ZONE

WRIGLEYVILLE GALLAGHER WAY

Urban Land Institute

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68%

DRIVERS

PRECEDENTS AND SURVEY

of employees said that they wanted a hybrid work environment under normal circumstances Quantum Workplace

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE Throughout our research, it has been shown that having spaces that are flexible in what they can be used for help to create a stronger entertainment district. Having spaces that can host concerts, streaming events, conferences, be turned into ice rinks, and more offer reasons for people to continue to come back to the district and get new experiences. Allowing spaces to be flexible in size and function will also allow for spaces to continue to be used in the event of another pandemic. It is important to think about these spaces and how they can be useful if everything was to shut down again.

HOK

POWER AND LIGHT’S KC LIVE!

Gould Evans

ROCK ISLAND BRIDGE MIXED USE SPACES

Chicago Loop Alliance

MILLENNIUM PARK’S OUTDOOR SPACES 56

“No single solution or recipe for success exists... A more thoughtful and contextsensitive approach leads to more authentic districts” - Amanda J. Ashley | Boise State University

HISTORY AND CULTURE History and culture are not thought much about but is important when designing an entertainment district.

Many places have a strong sense of history or the community a strong sense of culture for what should shape the area. In our precedents, we saw different ways that history and culture have shaped entertainment districts with honoring and continuing to develop off of that. In new entertainment districts, it is important to understand how to keep and grow the history and culture of the area by research and talking to community members.

Architizer

WRIGLEY FIELD

Missouri Valley Special Collections

KANSAS CITY STOCKYARDS

Missouri Valley Special Collections

POWER AND LIGHT BUILDING

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93.7%

DRIVERS

PRECEDENTS AND SURVEY

of survey respondents said outdoor spaces are important in an entertainment district

OUTDOOR INTEGRATION Through our research of precedents and our survey, we knew people wanted to see more outdoor spaces.

As architecture students this is something we knew about but was excited to see others also wanting more outdoor spaces. These spaces are can also flexible and used for a variety of different reasons. The main reason that outdoor integration is important in future entertainment districts is because it is somewhere people can go to get out of the house and still be safe. We saw throughout the pandemic, people encouraging us to get outside and the lesser of a risk being outside was. Integrating outdoor spaces throughout an entertainment district will allow people to gather and allow the entertainment district to still be in use if another pandemic was to happen.

MILLENNIUM PARK

ROCK ISLAND BRIDGE RIVER AND TRAILS

LINCOLN YARDS 58

GGNLTD

Fox4

Lincoln Yards

“Just as we design building interiors to integrate into a building into a neighborhood into the city, state, country and world, so too does each technology solution need to be designed to function effectively within the broader ecosystem of devices.”

Gensler

TECHNOLOGY New entertainment districts need to continue to integrate technology in all aspects, small and large. Looking at precedents, there was not a lot of technology integration throughout but some more coming in the near future. Since technology is so readily accessible to most incorporating it throughout will help to create a strong and successful district. Technology integration can also help keep people safe now that safety is more of a priority of people after the pandemic.

Sterling Bay

LINCOLN YARDS TRANSIT AND TECH HUB

BLUHAWK HEALTH-CENTERED TECH

Bluhawk

Walsh Group

MILLENNIUM PARK JAY PRITZKER PAVILION

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SITE STUDIES TWO SITES WERE SELECTED. ONE IN CHICAGO AND ONE IN KANSAS CITY WHERE WE ARE PROPOSING A NEW ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT COULD BE BUILT. THROUGH THE NEXT SECTION WE WILL GIVE REASONING ON WHY EACH SITE WOULD BE A GOOD LOCATION.

SOUTH LOOP

NOTABLE LOCATIONS

WALKABILTIY

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WEST BOTTOMS

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SOUTH LOOP

DEMOGRAPHICS

POPULATION

South Loop is just south of the main downtown area of Chicago, Illinois. The location is lively with the existing restaurants and bars. Throughout the day, there is a constant flow of people being conveniently located near many jobs and local colleges. It was one of Chicago’s first residential districts and is now known as a residential neighborhood. In the early 1900s, railroad tracks filled the area with passenger stops and freight depots. Since the decline of passenger trains, South Loop has gone various stages of redevelopment to be known as its current residential neighborhood.

23,100

GENDER

48%

MEDIAN AGE

35

52%

MEDIAN INCOME $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0

Under 25

Demographic Information from Point2 Home

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25-44

45-64

Over 65

White (53%) Black (20%) Asian (15%)

RACE

Hispanic (7%) 2+ Races (3%) Other (2%)

JOB TYPE 93%

HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN

15.5% 7%

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0

Car

Bus

Bicycle

Taxi

Walk

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WEST BOTTOMS

DEMOGRAPHICS

The West Bottoms was the original downtown of Kansas City. A thriving agriculture, industrial, rail, baking, trade and livestock hub from the 1860’s until the Flood of 1951, it in that time capitalized on it’s proximity of the Kansas and Missouri rivers and the surrounding flat land for railroad access to have the thriving Live Stock Exchange, Kansas City Stockyards, Union Depot, which lead to the annual American Royal at Kemper (now Hy-Vee) Arena.

The industrial buildings stand mostly vacant today, however some now are occupied by local attractions, antique shops and atmospheric bars and restaurants.

The West Bottoms has tremendous potential for redevelopment. The area comes alive for First Fridays, Boulevarida Beerfest, and events at Hy-Vee Arena.

POPULATION

486,400

GENDER

49%

MEDIAN AGE

35

51%

MEDIAN INCOME $120,000 $100,000 $80,000 $60,000 $40,000 $20,000 $0

66

Under 25

25-44

45-64

Over 65

White (56.4%) Black (25.9%) Asian (2.4%)

RACE

Hispanic (11.2%) 2+ Races (3.4%) Other (0.2%)

JOB TYPE 80%

HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN

27.4% 20%

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0

Car

Bus

Bicycle

Taxi

Walk

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DRIVER ANALYSIS WITH THE SELECTED SITES AND DEVELOPED DRIVERS, WE LOOKED AT HOW THE DRIVERS CURRENTLY ACT AROUND THE SITE. THIS IS USED AS A BASELINE SITE STUDY, ON ANY SITE, TO UNDERSTAND THE SELECTED AREA THROUGH A DIFFERENT LENS.

UNDERSTANDING THE ANALYSIS With a ranking system of 1-5, it’s valuable to look at how the 6 drivers currently contribute to the site, whether directly or close by. With creating the below rubric, we could base our site analysis on how they currently stand. The rubric below also allows this analysis to be done to any site. By looking at the 6 drivers in context,

this will directly impact design decisions for the future entertainment district to be successful. The goal by the end is to have all of the drivers ranked with a 5. On the next few pages, you will see how the selected sites in Chicago and Kansas City were looked at through the lens of how the 6 drivers currently activate the site area.

HOR SPACE ANC

1

2

3

4

5

1. No anchor space present on or near the site 2. Anchor space within a 2 mile radius of the site 3. Anchor space present on site but not contributing to the district 4. Anchor space present and sometimes contributes to the district 5. Anchor space present on site and strongly supports the district

C

E

MUNITY SPAC OM

1

2

3

4

5

1. No community spaces on or near the site 2. Community spaces close to the site but not contributing to the district 3. Community spaces close to the site and contributing to the district 4. Some community space incorporated on the site 5. Community spaces are fully incorporated throughout the site

FL

CE

BILITY OF SPA EXI

1

2

3

4

5

1. No flexibility of space on or near the site 2. Flexibility of spaces are around the site but not contributing to the district 3. Flexibility of spaces are around the site and contributing to the district 4. Some flexibility of spaces are incorporated on the site 5. Flexible spaces are fully incorporated throughout the site

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H

RE

RY & CULTU ISTO

1

2

3

4

5

1. No history or culture present on or near the site 2. History and/or culture in the surrounding area where the site is located 3. History and culture present directly on the site 4. History and culture strong presence on and around site 5. History and culture is continued to be promoted and preserved in the new district

OUT

ION

R INTEGRAT DOO

1

2

3

4

5

1. No current outdoor spaces on or near the site 2. Outdoor spaces close to the site but not contributing to the district 3. Outdoor spaces close to the site and contributing to the district 4. Some outdoor space incorporated on the site 5. Outdoor spaces are fully incorporated throughout the site

TECH

ON ATI

OGY INTEGR NOL

1

2

3

4

5

1. No technology integration on or near the site 2. Technology integration around the site but not contributing to the district 3. Technology integration around the site and contributing to the district 4. Some technology integration incorporated on the site 5. Technology integration is fully incorporated throughout the site

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SOUTH LOOP DRIVER ANALYSIS ANCHOR SPACE South Loop has two anchors within a mile radius of the site. These include Shedd Aquarium and Soldier Field.

Since, these are not directly on the site it allows for development of an additional anchor space like a music venue within a site.

COMMUNITY FOCUS Community focus around the site is prevalent in spaces geared towards the community like the new Post Office as well as shopping near by.

With these being close by, the site can still benefit from more spaces that are meant for community to meet rather than just activities.

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE Mixed-use spaces are starting to become more common. There are some being developed around the site but creating not only mixed-use but spaces that are flexible in how spaces can be used like indoor/ outdoor flexibility.

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HISTORY & CULTURE The history & culture of the site is strong. With a big railroad yard, the Old US Postal Office, Dearborn Station, and more within walking distance. The site will continue to contribute to the long history & culture of Chicago and South Loop.

OUTDOOR INTEGRATION South Loop has a few smaller parks as well as a park next to the site. The developing entertainment district will be able to affected positively from the park by the site but also integrating more green spaces and areas that allow people enjoy being outdoors.

TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION Technology integration is not something seen throughout areas around the site. With the convenience of technology, integration throughout the site with projections, QR codes, and more, will be crucial to the new entertainment district.

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WEST BOTTOMS DRIVER ANALYSIS ANCHOR SPACE The current life of the Stockyards District is brought by the Hy-Vee Arena. It offers the community a multi-functional sports facility, drawing people to the site. With the addition of supporting development, people would be encouraged to stay. This could include an outdoor venue in conjunction with the both the Arena and developing RIB.

COMMUNITY FOCUS Renewed interest in the area was brought by artists studios, antique shops, and events like First Weekend’s and Boulevardia The growing area would benefit from the addition of functional community spaces to further foster the developing neighborhood.

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE The introduction of The Yards and renovated Hy-Vee Arena give the area some mixed-use development.

Improvements in flexibility could be made within and between new development.

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HISTORY & CULTURE These grounds are the original Kansas City. With The Stockyards, West Bottoms industrial facilities, and American Royal this district’s a time capsule full of history. The redevelopment of these historic buildings and spaces is rooted in KC’s rich culture and identity.

OUTDOOR INTEGRATION Though there are some nearby parks, the district lacks public outdoor green space. It’s relation to the river is a major opportunity for connection to nature to bring greenery into the city.

TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION To bring the historic district into the present, there exist the opportunity for the redevelopment of the site to be fully technologically integrated.

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DESIGN THROUGH THE DIFFERENT RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS THAT WAS DONE, WE MASTER PLANNED OUR ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT ON THE SITE WE SELECTED EARLIER. UNDERSTANDING THE SURVEY RESULTS AS WELL AS THE CURRENT SURROUNDING OF THE SITES ALL PLAYED AN IMPORTANT PART IN THE DESIGN PROCESS.

SOUTH LOOP MASTER PLANNING 1 |Existing Site The site had no existing infrastructure or circulation.

But the adjacency to the river provided an opportunity for connection to nature in the downtown core.

2 |Grid Lines The blank site required a grid to inform the organization of the entertainment district. The grid lines were drawn from the surrounding context, influenced by the existing streets and buildings, the grid served as a reference for the main points of circulation on the site

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3 |Zoning The zones were created within the boundaries of the grid lines. The anchor space was centralized and supported by its proximity to the outdoor and mixed-use spaces. The community space was located in the northeast corner for easy access from the main arterial road. Three transit lines, the red, orange, and green, have stops on West Roosevelt Road within walking distance of the site.

OUTDOOR ZONE ANCHOR ZONE MIXED-USE ZONE COMMUNITY ZONE

4 |Outdoor Space The site has an emphasis on outdoor integration because 100% of people surveyed in Chicago said outdoor spaces are important in an entertainment district. The centralized location of the main outdoor space allows for it to be accessed by visitors and locals of the district traversing the site. There are smaller outdoor spaces dispersed throughout the district,with continued pathways along the river and open areas between the circulation paths.

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SOUTH LOOP MASTER PLANNING 5 |Anchor Space We chose a music venue as the anchor space because of Soldier Field’s presence less than a mile from the site. It was placed centrally to draw visitor further into the district and provide connection to the river as well as separation from the existing neighborhood. The music venue, which 88.5% of Chicagoans surveyed deemed important in an entertainment district, encourages people to gather and serves as a main attraction for visitors.

6 |Mixed Use Space The mixed use space is the most prominent because it includes the most typologies. The ground floors consist of rent-able space such as restaurants, bars, night clubs, and retail. While upper levels feature offices, hotels, and residential, which keep the area consistently activated. 96% of Chicagoans surveyed want to live near an entertainment district which provides support for the presence of residential.

The residential is located in the southeast corner to allow for separation from the rail lines west of the site, while maintaining views to the river.

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7 |Community Space The community space includes a library, community center, recreation center, and a convention center. 85% of survey takers in Chicago said they thought a library is important in an entertainment district. The space encourages people to come together and stay in the district longer due to the variety of activities. It also adds a non transactional gathering space for the community.

8 |Activated Site

What the site might look like on a day where residents are enjoying the amenities such as the amphitheater and farmers market with friends and family.

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3

2

1 2

3

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WEST BOTTOMS MASTER PLANNING 1 |Existing Site The Kansas City site has a couple important distinctions from the Chicago site. First, this site contains existing buildings such as the Hy-Vee Arena, the Livestock Exchange, the Yards residential development, and some mixed-use space that will be preserved. Additionally, because the site is further away from downtown, the scale of the buildings is much smaller.

These were intentional decisions meant to show how our design methodology can be applied to sites of varying scales and conditions.

2 |Grid Lines Because future developments will build upon existing conditions, the grid we will use for this site is the existing grid provided by the streets and buildings.

Additionally, we considered the influence of the river, the railroad, and the upper West Bottoms on the site.

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3 |Zoning

OUTDOOR ZONE

Within the grid, the existing buildings correlate to different typology zones. For example, the Hy-Vee arena creates an anchor zone while the Yards creates a community zone. Our strategy was to expand these zones onto the unoccupied areas of the site and maintain the existing typology relationships for the new developments.

ANCHOR ZONE MIXED-USE ZONE COMMUNITY ZONE

4 |Anchor Space In terms of anchor space, the HyVee Arena is an existing sports facility that already attracts people to the site. In fact, 81.6% of survey takers in KC stated that sports venues are important to entertainment districts. To revamp it, we propose an entry plaza to invite more visitors to the space as well as a support facility that can service teams as well as community groups.

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WEST BOTTOMS MASTER PLANNING 5 |Residential We then propose a new residential development to accommodate the growing local community. Additionally, 81.3% of survey takers in Kansas City said they would want to live near an entertainment district. This development would be located on the northwest corner, aligned with the existing Yards residential development as well as allowing access to the river and upper West Bottoms.

6 |Community Space To service the needs of the new and existing local residents, a variety of communityfocused buildings can then be added. Survey takers noted an importance of shopping in-person at grocery stores.

Additionally, a health center and community building will help locals stay engaged and active with each other.

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7 |Retail On the east side of the site, existing mixed-use retail space is expanded northward to bring more life and street presence to the site. This will keep visitors and the site active even when the anchor space does not have ongoing events. Typologies included in this include shops, restaurants, bars and nightclubs, as well as flex spaces and residential. The buildings should have a historic downtown feel while maintaining emphasis on flexibility both indoors and outdoors.

8 |Retail + Entertainment To round off building developments, we propose additional entertainment and retail spaces on the northeast corner. These smaller entertainment venues will provide visitors with some additional smaller scale entertainment options, especially when the arena isn’t hosting events. A movie theater, a museum, and a large flexible event space are possible options for populating these buildings.

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WEST BOTTOMS MASTER PLANNING

9 |Outdoor Space There is an emphasis on outdoor integration throughout the site.

This is because 100% of people surveyed in Kansas city said outdoor spaces are important in an entertainment district. The existing open areas on both sides of the site have potential to be redeveloped into bustling outdoor spaces and serve as buffers to the river and railroad.

Open parks, tennis courts, an outdoor amphitheater, a public plaza, and vegetation along the streets are all options that contribute to healthy outdoor integration on the site.

10 |Tech Integration Technology can be integrated into both new and old buildings within entertainment districts by a variety of means and strategies. Projections, QR codes, contactless scanning, thermal and occupancy sensors are all options that have been in use over the last couple years and can be integrated into these buildings as well in the interest of safety and entertainment.

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11 |Infrastructure The site has multiple existing infrastructure spaces, including multiple parking lots as well as a multi-story parking garage.

The bold red line also shows the existing city bus route through the site. The dashed line is our proposition to expand the route around the site to encourage alternative modes of transportation on and around the proposed entertainment district.

12 |Activated Site What the site might look like on a day where residents are enjoying the amenities such as the urban streetscape, the public plaza, and the cozy riverside.

2

1

3

2

1

3

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MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS AFTER MASTER PLANNING, A RE-EVALUATION OF OUR DRIVER ANALYSIS TOOK PLACE. THIS WAS DONE TO BE ABLE TO SEE HOW THE MASTER PLAN IMPROVED THE DRIVERS ON THE SITE TO CREATE A STRONG AND INVITING ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT.

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SOUTH LOOP MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS ANCHOR SPACE The addition of anchor space on site will help to continually bring people in the entertainment district.

This anchor space being a music venue is something different from the surrounding anchor spaces and give a variety of what the space can be used for.

COMMUNITY FOCUS Adding a variety of different community spaces and areas for a community to gather encourages people to come to the entertainment district for a diversity of reasons.

With these new spaces being outdoors and indoors and for all ages, they encourage creating a stronger community.

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE Integrating mixed-use into all of the main levels to encourage integration of different typologies interacting to benefit each other is encouraged in the new entertainment district.

Also, having spaces like offices, a hotel, and apartments above the entertainment district ensures an activated area through everyday activities.

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HISTORY & CULTURE With the already strong history and culture of Chicago, it was important to preserve the history that is existing on the site with the cargo railway that runs behind the new entertainment district. Also, allowing the entertainment district to be able to develop it’s own identity and culture.

OUTDOOR INTEGRATION A central outdoor space as well as filler green spaces were added to contribute to the positive attributes that outdoor spaces provide. A central location was important to allow people to feel like the have access from wherever they are coming from. The survey showed that all people in the Chicago area thought that outdoor spaces were important to have in a successful entertainment district.

TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION

Technology integration happens at large and small scale in the new development. Encouraging retail stores and restaurants to use technology to their advantage is important because of the availability to people. The anchor space will allow for projection from the central outdoor space for events or to light up the entertainment district at night.

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WEST BOTTOMS MASTER PLAN ANALYSIS ANCHOR SPACE The addition of supporting spaces for the Hy-Vee Arena and the new Arts & Entertainment Venues and Museum keep the district activated when activities aren’t going on at the main Anchor Space.

COMMUNITY FOCUS The district’s great budding sense of community is now supported and fostered with the addition of the Community Building, Grocery and Health Center, as well as additional residential.

FLEXIBILITY OF SPACE There’s now more options for flexibility with the expansion of mixuse retail, restaurants and flexible event and entertainment spaces.

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HISTORY & CULTURE The addition of the Museum for the growing arts culture of the area and the preservation of the historic Livestock Exchange Building connects with the strong history and sense of place of the West Bottoms.

OUTDOOR INTEGRATION The outdoor amphitheater, open parks, tennis courts, plazas and other street side elements enhance the connection to the river and street presence. These additions to the site fill the district with green space, benefiting the community in a multitude of ways.

TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION The addition of technology at a variety of scales, including things like projections, the encouraging of shops to utilize QR codes and contactless options, and more increase connections, safety, and convenience.

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CONCLUDING THOUGHTS The future of entertainment districts’ success will come with the necessary switch from being an entertainment destination to district, with a focus on community, and their needs - for flexibility within spaces, outdoor integration, and technology integration - which is critical for a district to feel authentic and have a connection to it’s history and culture, all in order to be able to maintain an active district, even when people aren’t using the space for entertainment.

The 6 Design Drivers developed: anchor space, community focus, flexibility of space, history & culture, outdoor integration and technology integration are the elements necessary in developing successful entertainment districts in the pandemic affected world.

Through the semester, researching and analyzing entertainment districts made our group think about all aspects of architecture and how they were affected during the pandemic. The process to understand fully why entertainment districts were put through an unexpected stress test with inadequate spaces and developing ways that these spaces can adjust in future developments for unprecedented situations. This research assisted our education by looking at a topic through many different lens to understand the research holistically and be able to deliver a well thought out presentation.

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APPENDIX WEEKLY PROCESS, FULL SURVEY RESULTS, AND WORKS CITED

PROCESS WEEK 1

• Introductory Co-Op meeting with our mentors • Overview of the schedule and introduction of final goals and deliverables

08 23 08 24 08 25 08 26 08 27 Welcome!

WEEK 2

• Preliminary research on the pandemic and early hypothesis building based on assumptions • Identification and examination of relevant case studies and precedents • Review of typologies and trends present within each precedent

WEEK 3 • Presentation of typologies and precedents to mentors • Discussion of typologies and their groupings • Revision of typologies to include a more broad range of programs relevant to the overall topic of entertainment district

WEEK 4

• Further examination of precedents and the architectural similarities shared between the various district • Early site selections and studies of the contextual landscapes • Analysis of demographics • Drafting of survey questions

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08 30 08 31 09 01 09 02 Work Day 09 03

09 06 09 07 09 08 09 09 Presentation [internal] 09 10

09 13 09 14 09 15 09 16 Work Day | interviews + City Outreach 09 17

WEEK 5

• Progress meeting with the focus on site selections, context data, and early survey question • Mentor provided guidance on how to frame questions that will yield usable data in the next stage of research, and how to make the survey more user friendly

WEEK 6

• Beginning thesis development • Development of project problem and design drivers • Analysis of driver presence on the West Bottoms and South Loop sites

WEEK 7 • Mid-Review presentation with the Co-Op mentors • Review of drivers, site analysis, and overall formatting of information • Final draft of survey presented to mentors

09 20 09 21 09 22 09 23 Progress Meeting 09 24 30-Day Check-In w/ Mentors

09 27 09 28 09 29 09 30 Work Day | Thesis Development 10 01

10 04 10 05 10 06 10 07 Thesis / Mid-Review [+Reviewers] 10 08

WEEK 8

• Further development of problem statement, project focus, and thesis • Survey sent out to Gensler Chicago, GastingerWalker& Kansas City, and on other forms of social media • Connection of problem drivers to design drivers • Connection of design drivers to specific precedents

10 11 10 12 10 13 10 14 Work Day | Mid-Review Edits 10 15

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PROCESS WEEK 9

• Progress meeting of updated presentation format with driver connection and precedent reevaluation • Beginning steps of survey result analysis • First pass at storyboard for the video trailer

WEEK 10

• Balancing background information with main design information • Further survey results analysis • Data analysis of survey information by city • Refinement of driver ranking system

WEEK 11 • Development and presentation of first iteration of master planning and concept integration with supporting information from precedents, driver analysis, and survey information • Review of storyboard trailer and rearranging of graphics

WEEK 12

• Animation of main survey information to be used in the video • Editing of the storyboard • Continued development of master planning and rules for the development

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10 18 10 19 10 20 1021 Progress Meeting 10 22

10 25 10 26 10 27 10 28 Work Day | Synthesize + Storyboard 10 29

11 01 11 02 11 03 1104 Data/Synthesis Presentation [internal] 11 05

11 08 11 09 11 10 11 11 Work Day | Producing Final Deliverables 11 12

WEEK 13

• Progress presentation of master planning graphics, review of main narrative • Main feedback was the need to pull the story into the master planning • Master plan process graphics

WEEK 14

• Editing video trailer • Project poster development • Finalizing of the master plan and master plan step graphics • Editing final graphics

WEEK 15

• Screening of the final video for approval • Submission of final poster • Dress rehearsal for the final presentation

11 15 11 16 11 17 1118 Progress Meeting 11 19

11 22 11 23 11 24 11 25 11 26

11 29 11 30 12 01 Poster + Trailer Due 1202 Draft of Final Presentation [internal] 12 03

WEEK 16

• Send out the Zoom invite to Gensler Chicago and GastingerWalker& • Final Presentation with Gensler Chicago and GastingerWalker& offices as well as external reviewers.

12 06 12 07 12 08 12 09 Final Presentation [+Reviewers] 12 10 Exit Interviews

FINAL VIDEO LINK: HTTPS://VIMEO.COM/652928157 2021 KU Co-Op | University of Kansas | Gensler | GastingerWalker& | 101

SURVEY RESULTS 223 PEOPLE TOOK THE SURVEY

OTHER LOCATIONS: PARIS, FRANCE HOW OLD ARE YOU

DO YOU LIVE WITHIN WALKING DISTANCE OF AN ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT?

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GENDER

WOULD YOU WANT TO LIVE NEAR AN ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT? (SHORT WALK OR DRIVE)

PEOPLE’S COMFORTABILITY VS INTEREST

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DO YOU FEEL LIKE YOUR CITY HAS HAD EFFECTIVE SAFETY PROTOCOLS (MASK MANDATES, TESTING, ETC.) DURING THE PANDEMIC?

AS A CONSUMER, DO YOU FEEL LIKE STORES, RESTAURANTS, ETC. ADAPTED WELL TO MEET PEOPLE’S NEEDS WHILE MAINTAINING SAFETY DURING THE PANDEMIC?

GOING FORWARD WOULD YOU RATHER GO TO A MOVIE THEATER OR WATCH MOVIES AT HOME ON STREAMING SERVICES?

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UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS | GENSLER CHICAGO | GASTINGERWALKER& KANSAS CITY