herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 1
vol. 4 Jun 2016
Mendoza Herald English newspaper of the Burgos highschool Cardenal López de Mendoza
J o u rn a l i s m l a rg el y consi sts of sayi ng ' Lord Jones i s D ead' to peopl e who never knew t hat Lor d Jones was alive. G i l bert K. Chest ert on . En g l i sh w r i te r a n d j o u r n a l i st.1 8 7 4 - 1 9 3 6 The key to success in the world of investigation is to choose well, work, have the best teachers and work even more. Follow your dreams and work hard to get what you want.
T.Y.I.W.B . What happened the year our students were born? T h e sheep D o l l y died after 6 year of living in 2003
María Blasco, director of CNIO Spanish National Cancer Research Centre
david bowie
pag.4
a man on the moon
Little tribute to the one and only. He wanted to be among the stars.. Now, somehow, he,s there.
pag.5 pag.4
the year of
m i g u e l Students read and learn about famous writers. They read their works, they know about their lives and then, they must show what they have learnt about. But they are hardly ever allowed to free rein to their imagination. And this is what they have done to celebrate this anniversary.
I´m going to explain a little bit about who Harald Bluetooth was. Maybe the name sounds odd to you but I´m sure you know something about his second name, Bluetooth, and if you don´t know you should keep reading this text. First of all, I have to say that Harald “Bluetooth” was the king of Denmark and Norway, who lived from 935 to 985, that unified Norwegian and Danish tribes and converted them to Christianity.
pag.8
STEPS
If you are of those who want to start the “bikini operation”, you should know the importance of knowing how is your footstep pag.4 Depending on the type of music we listen we can feel happiness , sadness or melancholia pag.3
A.I.
As a way of working the practical aspects of ethics, students of Ethical and Civic Education have carried out a project focused on five problems that humanity may have to address in the future. All questions revolve around the relationship between humans and artificial intelligences. To do this, we analysed some of the most famous science fiction books and films where different A.I. appear and the situations that arise from them. pag.6
WILLIAM AND MIGUEL WALK AROUND THE SCHOOL The wind blew through the window left open by some absent-minded student… or teacher. The noise of a book hitting the floor echoed through the old Mendoza´s library. Magically from this opened book and as a light sunbeam touched its pages, a man dressed as if from the sixteenth century slowly appeared. Rising the skull he had in his hand he exclaimed: -“Oh, I feel like I´ve just woken
a n d
up after a 400 year-old siesta!”He glanced around, focusing on the strange furniture of tables and chairs. -“What are those little grey squares?” he wondered as he touched one of the switches. -“WITCHCRAFT” he screamed as the light turned on, and landed on the floor. When he recovered from the surprise, he stood up, took a huge book from a shelf and hit the lamp. Sparks jumped from it and set fire to a book. Lined with what happened with the book from which Shakespeare had emerged, smoke started to come out and suddenly a man as strangely dressed as him appeared. -“AAAAH” Shakespeare let out a high pitched scream. “Are you the witch?” -“Witch you say? ¡Pero pardiez trovador qué infamia decís! Here you are meeting the greatest writer that has ever existed in Spain!” -“How dare you to speak like that to the greatest playwright that has ever existed in England!” -“A pleasure to meet you then” Cervantes bowed
APRIL,S FOOLS DAY April Fools' Day is on 1 April every yearIt is a perfect day to discover your inner joker and play pranks and tricks to make a fool out of your friends and family, with jokes ranging from the innocent to the cruel, just like 28th of December is to us. pag.7
W i
l l i a m
mischiesvously and looked around, his face turned into a mask of amazement. “For God´s sake, where are we?” -“I was just wondering the same!” answered the Englishman. “Shall we explore this weird place?”
So they walked through the empty room, until they saw… computers. -“What are those strange blue boxes?”Shakespeare pushed the power button. Suddenly the box started letting out odd noises and the screen turned on.
-“Good idea” agreed Cervantes.
...continues on page 3
Greatest mysteries of human history:
Chinese Terracotta Warriors The thousands of clay soldiers that have come to be known as the Terra Cotta Army were created during the reign of Shihuangdi, the founder of China’s Qin dynasty (221–207 BCE). Shihuangdi unified the Chinese empire, began construction of the Great Wall of China and prepared for his own death by constructing a 20-square-mile (50-squarekm) funerary compound, the treasures of which began to come to light only some 2,100 years after his death. DID YOU KNOW? - The chamber containing the Terra Cotta Army was
discovered in 1974 by a group of farmers attempting to dig a well near the ancient capital city of Chang’an in what is today the Shaanxi Province, near the modern city of Xi’an. - The “army” is made up of more than 6,000 figures including soldiers, horses, chariots, bowmen and archers. The figures are life-sized, and each has a unique face and details. - The terra cotta soldiers were found arranged in military formation in large pits with rammed earth walls dividing the rows. Four main pits have been excavated: three with continues on page 2
Interview with Nikola Tesla, the electrical wizard There is no doubt about it, your heart beats faster when you are about to meet a famous electrical scientist. Mr. Tesla, the man who invented the induction motor, the one that developed the alternating current power transmission, and the person that was able to produce electrical discharges resembling lightning bolts, has answered all our questions. pag.3
pag.3
herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 2
Britain in crisis over tea shortage
it comes from cover
Due to the recent effects of climate change, Britain is now facing a tea crisis. As a result of harvest failure due to severe weather conditions, there is now a serious shortage of tea. As it is well known, a Britton must consume at least three cups of this delicious beverage per day otherwise they develop serious health problems such as fatigue and grumpiness. The effects are already noticeable with random fights breaking out in the streets over petty issues. There is also chaos in the supermarkets as people rush to stockpile tea. This is truly a terrible crisis. No longer do friends invite each other for 'a cuppa and a chat' at
figures in them and one empty, suggesting that the full tomb army was not completed before the emperor’s death. - The figures were made using molds for different pieces, which were then assembled. Although the statues were originally brightly painted, the paint has since mostly flaked away. - The tomb of the Terra Cotta Army was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987. It attracts an estimated 2 million visitors each year.
u n u s u a l
MENDOZA HERALD staff
brides on their big day like they were friends since school. If you pay an extra amount of money they could even organise you a hen party! They earn from $300 to $2,000 per wedding.
coordinators of sections Olga Renedo English Raquel Lage Technology Olga Lázaro English Conchita Sangrador Music Germán López Computing David González Citizenship Rubén Infante P.E. Marta Cid English Carmen Casado English Frances Cadd Assistant Ismael Ali Photography & Art Journalists and photographers bilingual students 1º,2º,3º,4ªeso. 2
To date, nobody has been able to find the city – underwater or otherwise – though this hasn’t discouraged numerous theories about its possible location. Countless historians and explorers have attempted expeditions to find the underwater island, but whether in South America (as recently reported), off the Greek Islands, or near Antarctica, Atlantis has remained elusive and one of the greatest mysteries of human history.
bog provided the perfect conditions to preserve the bodies, leaving the skin and internal organs relatively intact. The thousands of bodies found can be dated back to the Iron Age and many reveal signs of being murdered. It is widely believed that the bodies are sacrificial victims of pagan rituals or a form of criminal punishment. However, there is no conclusive evidence as to why the thousands of bodies were dumped, especially since the bodies have been found sporadically throughout Germany, Ireland, Britain, Netherlands and Denmark.
The Lost City of Atlantis
their houses, as greed takes over in protecting their tea stash, and already many tea shops have closed down. This will have is one of the oldest and serious social and economic greatest mysteries of the world. implications. There is however, one benefit to Since ancient times, people this crisis. The construction have been trying to locate sector is far more productive Atlantis, which is believed to since builders and road workers have submerged after an can no longer take their long and earthquake or tsunami. Greek frequent tea breaks, and many philosopher Plato described roads and houses that have Atlantis as a large island located been taking years to build have near the Rock of Gibraltar, home been constructed over night as if of the most advanced civilization and being of unrivaled by magic. Apart from this however, it is a refinement with a glorious very dangerous and desperate palace. situation. One man was found in Among its other traits, Atlantis an empty tea shop clutching a was filled with beautiful citizens, broken mug, crying and mumbling 'life without tea is no life worth living'. The Prime Minister, David Cameron, is calling upon Britain's Professional bridesmaids: friends in Europe to help ease this crisis by sending any surplus tea supplies. There are donation points for this 'chari-tea' around Burgos where you can bring your tea to help the people of Britain return to life as normal. For more information please visit our website:www.chari-tea/aprilfools.com. they have to support and assist
direction,edition & layout Ismael Ali de Unzaga
a Poseidon temple and concentric walls and canals.
Dog surfing instructors:
you can find them at certain ocean resorts and they would teach not only you, also your dog; and some of them are exclusive for dogs. Can you imagine watching a beach full of dogs surfing? It would be crazy!
Moai
The bog bodies
or bog people, are the naturally preserved human corpses that were found in the sphagnum bogs in Northern Europe. Rather than decomposing, the
A moai is a monolithic stone statue that is only found on Easter Island, which belongs to the Region of Valparaiso (Chile). The moai are the main attraction of this island. Although it hasn’t been able to establish their origin in time, oral history says that King Hotu Matua would have brought the first statue to the island, although another version indicates that the first settlers would be those who would have brought them. It is said that the moai represent the image of an ancestor with supernatural power and enjoys a divine power. It is also said that they were sculpted to perpetuate the memory of the deceased. The statue is a male torso, with a long nose and
elongated ears. At first they were made with basalt, trachyte and red scoria. But finally, the volcanic material from the quarry of Rano Raraku volcano was preferred. At first they were smaller, with wider heads and short ears. But then, they were changing until the classical and singular way in which the moai were on the slopes of the island. Today, it is amazing to see that more than a hundred moai have been on the slopes of the extinct volcano; some of them completed and others, half stone carving. All of them have a similar figure, except one that is seated. The history of Rapa Nui says that it was done and buried immediately in order to be discovered at the end of the millennium. Once built, they proceeded to move them to the different ahu. The natives attributed the magical power to move these huge masses of stone from the volcanic slope to the Ahus platforms to the strength of Mana. The whole process of construction and installation was carried out according to a strict sacred rite. Once installed, they opened basins in the face and eyes were made of white coral. Finally they placed them on the head, huge cylinders of red scoria, symbolizing the importance and hierarchy of tribes. Their average height is 4 meters. But there is one measuring about 10 meters in the quarry and another of 22 meters, on the north coast of the island. And although many people think that these sculptures look to the sea, they lead the eye to the island, to their people. Only one Ahu has his eye toward Hiva, mythical continent of origin.
p r o f e s s i o n s Teddy bear repair technician: kids get really emotional about their toys. Remember when your favourite toy lost an arm, or suffered a similar injury? It was devasting. But now there´s a special technician who can come to the rescue. The build-a-bear workshops have teddy bear repair technicians who is hired to repair those much-loved teddy bears and get them back to their cuddly intact.
witty fortunes. EHow.com estimates that these professionals earn around $40,000 a year. Snake Miler Pay: $2,500 Office: Controlled laboratory Description: Extract venom from snakes to be used in antivenom Certifications/Education: Degree in biology, biochemistry, or herpetology
Pet physic: pet physics are animal communicators who by their telepathy techniques try to learn animal´s unsaid emotions. This job is preferably for animal lovers who find comfort in spending time with them. It does not actually need only formal training; all it need is care, love and understanding of body language. Fortune cookie writer :is a real job, done by real people. Fortune cookie manufacturers usually hire freelancers or in-house writers to come up with inspiring or
Necessary Skills: Knowledge of snakes, Courage to milk dangerous snakes Potential Employers: Universities, Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Companies Snake milkers have an insane job. They “milk” snakes for their venom. This means that every single day, a snake milker handles deadly, venomous snakes. It’s a hand on job where you put your fingers millimeters away from the
sharp, fangs of asps, vipers, cobras, corals, mambas, kraits, and rattlesnakes. One slip of a finger and, well, its all over. Snake venom does play an important role in science. It can be used for antivenoms and medicines. So next time you’re wandering around Australia and get bit by a venomous snake, be sure to thank the local snake milker because an antivenom is the only thing that could save your life.Snake milking is a dangerous job, but by saving lives it can be quite satisfying. You remove venomous snakes from their homes and “milk” them. This entails, stretching latex over a jar and having the snake bite the jar. The venom is extracted in two ways, manually massaging the venom glands or electric stimulation that contracts the muscles around the glands. Both ways cause a yellow, deadly venom to spit out into the jar. Next the venom is freeze-dried and used by or sold to pharmaceutical companies, laboratories, and universities for research and productionTo become a professional snake milker, you need to have a degree in biology, chemistry, biochemistry, or herpetology (the study of reptiles).
-“WITCHCRAFT AGAIN exclaimed . “This must powerful witch’s liar”. H completely scared, so he of the library. Cervantes had kept calmed during events, went after the frig Shakespeare. He saw running around the clois he followed him. Due t incredible unfitness bas sitting on their chair and books, it wasn´t too long they got tired. While the catching their breath, an and strangely dressed
came out from a class. -“May I know what is a mess about? Just get b room 21!”, said the funny a white short coat and pul beard -¡Pardiez!, ¿quién sois vo hablar y vestir de sem guisa?. As the completely p teacher was about to a
ated ears. At first they made with basalt, trachyte d scoria. But finally, the ic material from the of Rano Raraku volcano eferred. At first they were r, with wider heads and ears. But then, they were ng until the classical and ar way in which the moai n the slopes of the island. it is amazing to see that han a hundred moai have n the slopes of the extinct o; some of them eted and others, half carving. All of them have ar figure, except one that ed. The history of Rapa ys that it was done and immediately in order to covered at the end of the nium. built, they proceeded to hem to the different ahu. natives attributed the al power to move these masses of stone from the ic slope to the Ahus ms to the strength of The whole process of uction and installation was out according to a strict rite. Once installed, they d basins in the face and were made of white coral. they placed them on the huge cylinders of red symbolizing the ance and hierarchy of
average height is 4 s. But there is one ring about 10 meters in arry and another of 22 , on the north coast of the And although many think that these ures look to the sea, they he eye to the island, to eople. Only one Ahu has e toward Hiva, mythical ent of origin.
angs of asps, vipers, cobras, mambas, kraits, and akes. One slip of a finger ll, its all over. Snake venom lay an important role in . It can be used for oms and medicines. So next ou’re wandering around a and get bit by a venomous be sure to thank the local milker because an antivenom ly thing that could save your ke milking is a dangerous by saving lives it can be satisfying. You remove us snakes from their homes milk” them. This entails, ng latex over a jar and the snake bite the jar. The is extracted in two ways, y massaging the venom or electric stimulation that ts the muscles around the Both ways cause a yellow, venom to spit out into the jar. e venom is freeze-dried and y or sold to pharmaceutical ies, laboratories, and ties for research and onTo become a onal snake milker, you need e a degree in biology, ry, biochemistry, or ogy (the study of reptiles).
herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 3
comes from cover
-“WITCHCRAFT AGAIN!” he exclaimed . “This must be a powerful witch’s liar”. He was completely scared, so he ran out of the library. Cervantes, who had kept calmed during those events, went after the frightened Shakespeare. He saw him running around the cloister, so he followed him. Due to their incredible unfitness based on sitting on their chair and writing books, it wasn´t too long before they got tired. While they were catching their breath, an angry and strangely dressed adult
came out from a class. -“May I know what is all this mess about? Just get back to room 21!”, said the funny man in a white short coat and pulling his beard -¡Pardiez!, ¿quién sois vos para hablar y vestir de semejante guisa?. As the completely puzzled teacher was about to answer
them back, a strong noise sounded and a crowd of teenagers came out from the classes. Shakespeare and Cervantes couldn´t help opening their eyes and becoming mute. Suddenly, a teacher yelled his well-known “Caaallense”, and another screamed his typical “la prole ya no es que esté loca , es que es tonta”. Both writers couldn´t even move a muscle, eyes and mouths widely open. Were they, the most important writers ever, being told off???? “Prebs! We are high nobles!” exclaimed both at once. Yet,
they were carried away by the crowd of teenagers to the gym. There the PE teacher shouted as he used to, “Wowowowow class, I´m going to teach you how to do a proper squat!”. It was very difficult to make a proper squat wearing sixteenth century clothes, but it seemed that the teacher hadn´t seen these two new acquisitions in
the group. Too many crazy teens, so two more didn´t make a difference for a tired teacher. “Wowowwowow, and now we are going to play kin-ball!” the teacher tried to make himself understand above the cheerful noise. Finally, they could make out of the of the gym in their torn pants pants, just to meet a bunch of teens in the schoolyard shouting unkown words such as “¡bocadillo, bocadillo!” or “Cheetos, Cheetos!. When they saw them eating greedly, they felt hungry and sore, so they tried to make their way back to the library. In the bustling corridor, they came across a young man with a skull on his hand wondering himself about existential matters. Also they saw an old crazy man fighting against a ficus plant. He was supposed to defend an astonishing pretty young woman from nobody knows what. -“Who is that mentally weak man?” “He is Don Quijote de la Mancha, my dear Shakespeare, he is a gentleman, but has eyeshight problems”. Eventually, after passing along the head of studies office, and under the suspicious look of the three men in there, they could arrive at the library. In the, for once, silent place, they found their solitary books open. They shared an understanding look and got into them. Nobody at school ever noticed that Miguel de Cervantes and William Shakespeare had been there, so busy were teachers and students just shouting!
MUSIC AND FEELINGS Music is part of every moment of our lives, although we don´t always realize it. For example, when we go on a journey or on a road trip, music is the best companion because it entertains you and makes the journey more bearable. Music can help us enjoy time with our family. We propose to you a game: you can finally make your family sing songs from other times and eras. The
we are sad and depressed the best thing to do is to listen to cheerful music to make us feel better. Also the opposite thing happens. Sad music can make us feel melancholy and
nostalgic. Whilst happy music can drown out sadness and feel us with joy.
game consists of every family member proposing a song and each one of them sings a part of the proposed song. In addition to listen to music in our cars we can also find music in other situations: when we go shopping in the local supermarket or we go to buy new clothes, we can also hear music in these shops. Generally, in these shops and supermarkets the music is very fast to make us shop faster and to make the time pass quicker In happy situations we feel the urge to hum and sing a musical piece. On the other hand, when
When doing sports it is good to listen to music because the driving, constant, and continuous rhythm can encourage you to continue working hard. Another good time to listen to music or to sing songs is in the shower. If you need to take a quick shower the best music to listen is the pop rock, for
example: Madonna, Michael Jackson or Elvis Presley; because the fast rhythm motivates you to shower quickly. But is you are searching for relaxation you can have a bath and play oriental or classical music such as Bach, Mozart or Vivaldi. Films have a sound track which helps to reinforce the message the film is trying to convey. A good example of a film sound track is from the film Titanic because it makes you feel sad and emotional. Likewise music can also be found in theatre, which makes the performance more enjoyable and can be a good way to spend time with your family. Music plays with our feelings and takes us on a journey to the deepest sadness or to the most intense euphoria. Let the music accompany you on your life journey. Music forever!! !!!!!! Alejandro Moreno Lázaro Ana Rivas Zamora Clara Rubio García Sara Mahamud Hurtado
3
herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 4
DAVID BOWIE
steps
the man on the moon
illustrations Ricardo Orive, 4 eso
David Robert Jones was born the 8th of January of 1947 in London, UK, and died the 10th of January of 2016 in New York, US. David was considered by critics
as an innovator. He grew up in Brixton, where his mother worked as a waitress and his father John worked as a leader of advertising. When he was six years old, his family moved to Bromley, where David started some classes of dance and music, and all of his
T The
teachers said that his voice was suitable for the school choir and the way that he played the flute was considered above normal. At nine years old, his dancing was incredible for a child of his age. With 15 years old Bowie formed a band called “Kon-rads”. This band played at parties, weddings and celebrations. Bowie has for decades been one of the most incredible and important rock stars of all times. In 2013, David had a period in which Youtube put away one of his videoclips, considering inapropite, he decided to not giving interviews and not making concerts. In 2014, his agent John Giddings, announced that David would not act never more. And the date of departure of his last disc,“Blackstar”, would be the
Y y e a r
I I
day of his birthday. He was married in 1969 with Angela Barnett having one son called Duncan. David also was married in 1992 with the supermodel Iman having a
daughter called Alexandria. He died the 10th of January after loosing his fight with the liver cancer.
BE CONSCIOUS HOW YOU STEP If you dare to run the “San Silvestre” and you are of those who have followed training or instead of that you want to start the “bikini operation”, you should know the importance of knowing how is your footstep. Therefore you must know the kind of steps that you might have and know analyze it. There are many ways to know it but we have used a video running on the treadmill and a program called Kinovea, with wich thanks to its slow motion camera, allows us to see the details of how we run and also allows us to draw angles and assess them to see what is your footstep. PRONATION
Marina Saez. 2 eso
W w a s
B b or n
Neutral pronation is the slight inward rolling movement of the foot during its foot-strike. Neutral pronation is considered to be the ideal motion of the foot during running and walking and greatly reduces the risk for injury. People with neutral pronation tend to find success in neutral shoes or mild support shoes.
María Blasco (Verdegás, asymmetrical
Over-pronation is excessive inward rolling (pronation) of the foot during its foot-strike and often creates alignment problems within the legs. There is a wide range of degrees of over-pronation. Minimium support shoes, moderate support shoes and maximum support shoes are designed for feet, which need some guidance to steer the foot along a path of neutral pronation. Moderate motion control shoes and maximum motion control shoes are designed for the most excessive degrees of overpronation and work to control the motion of the foot. symmetrical
4
1965) is a Spanish s specialized in telomeres obtaining her PhD with M Salas, she worked with Greider, future Nobel. In 2 was appointed as CNIO di
It is essential that young gi role models to help them their goals
SUPINATION Supination is the lack of an inward roll or a rolling out of the foot during its foot-strike. This motion inhibits the foot s ability to absorb ground forces. Also referred to as underpronation, a foot that supinates needs a soft ride and quick heel-to-toe transition. Also, excellent flexibility in a shoe is desirable. Minimum neutral shoes and moderate neutral shoes work well for supination.
Do you remember 2003. The 1st year bilingual students neither do because they were just born . Here some pieces of news of the time
OVER-PRONATION
Maria CNIO
Another advice with trainers is to make a good use of them and change them when their utility life has finished so that no problems can be caused. As you know materials with time tend to lose their properties so we should take that into account. The other way is to use orthotics in order to correct it. The foot is more complex than we think so there is no point in just changing the angle of the surface of our foot with a trainer but we need to fix the alteration made by this disease because when you pronate or supinate you change the axis of both the knee and the hip. Moreover a lot of people can pronate the the part of the foot that is near the toes and supinate the heel. With orthotics we can also align the foot with the ankle, knee and hip so it is in the correct position. Something that trainers cannot do. And reconstruct the architecture of the sole vault in a physeological way. And also the vast majority of brands have decreased the number of specific trainers as the see that ther is no point at all correcting this disease that way.
Why did you choose to degree on Biology?
When I was studying CO year at school before un we had a college counsel about genetic engineerin talked about recombinant D molecular biology. This talk was intriguing, and quickly became clear that I wanted to become a researcher in that topic. Was it difficult to get a post in order to continue to study abroad?
I did my PhD with Margarita Salas, one of the most outstanding rese in the country. This exp allowed me to get a postd position in Carol G laboratory, in New York, started working in an exciti for me like telomeres, str that protect the end chromosome and that we with ageing. Years later s awarded the Nobel Pr Physiology or Medicine, alo Blackburn and Jack W. S which also makes me fe proud.
After having spent som abroad, you came back t where, it is common kno that scientists encounte economic difficulties conducting their re Therefore, why did you de come back?
Back then, things were d There were more resourc less limitations than nowad
Are there any sig differences between wor Spain and working in a country?
chernob 3 0
y e a r s
a g
On April, 1986, at 1:00 a. world witnessed the human made disaster in and the effects are still be today. That night, in Chernobyl n power plant, in Pripyat, a s test was going to be d reactor number four. The a sudden and unex
herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 5
YOU STEP
Maria Blasco CNIO director María Blasco (Verdegás, Alicante
asymmetrical
1965) is a Spanish scientist specialized in telomeres. After obtaining her PhD with Margarita Salas, she worked with Carol Greider, future Nobel. In 2011 she was appointed as CNIO director. It is essential that young girls have role models to help them achieve their goals
SUPINATION
nation is the lack of an d roll or a rolling out of the during its foot-strike. This on inhibits the foot s y to absorb ground forces. referred to as underation, a foot that supinates s a soft ride and quick to-toe transition. Also, lent flexibility in a shoe is able. Minimum neutral s and moderate neutral s work well for supination.
her advice with trainers is ake a good use of them change them when their life has finished so that roblems can be caused. ou know materials with tend to lose their erties so we should take nto account. other way is to use tics in order to correct it. oot is more complex than ink so there is no point in hanging the angle of the ce of our foot with a er but we need to fix the tion made by this disease use when you pronate or ate you change the axis th the knee and the hip. over a lot of people can ate the the part of the foot is near the toes and ate the heel. With tics we can also align the with the ankle, knee and so it is in the correct on. Something that ers cannot do. And struct the architecture of sole vault in a eological way. And also vast majority of brands decreased the number of fic trainers as the see that s no point at all correcting isease that way.
Why did you choose to take a degree on Biology? When I was studying COU (last year at school before university) we had a college counseling chat about genetic engineering. They talked about recombinant DNA and molecular biology. This talk was intriguing, and quickly became clear that I wanted to become a researcher in that topic.
It is not a matter of the country, it is a matter of excellence in research. The best places in Spain, the socalled Severo Ochoa Excellence Centers are as good as the best places in EEUU. Was there a particular moment or experience that made you realise that you wanted to dedicate your like to investigation, that´s is to improve or save lives? Nothing is particular. I wanted to find out how biology worked and why diseases appeared with the goal of trying to find Solutions. What are the pros and cons of
After having spent some time abroad, you came back to Spain where, it is common knowledge that scientists encounter many economic difficulties when conducting their research. Therefore, why did you decide to come back? Back then, things were different. There were more resources and less limitations than nowadays. Are there any significant differences between working in Spain and working in a foreign country?
chernobyl 3 0
y e a r s
a g o ! !
On April, 1986, at 1:00 a.m., the world witnessed the worst human made disaster in history and the effects are still being felt today. That night, in Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in Pripyat, a system test was going to be done at reactor number four. There was a sudden and unexpected
When doing research, often one has to work in a team. Are there many women in your team work? Do you notice any differences or feel something different when working with female or male colleagues? women. For example, the percentage drops to 34% in heads of group, and the percentage is even lower, around 12%, in managerial positions. The existence of schemes and unconscious stereotypes creates barriers that hinder women from rising to positions of responsibility. We must start working at an early age so that real equality is achieved as soon as possible and half of the society’s talent is not wasted. If a female scientist found a cure for cancer, would there be any special social implications?
Was it difficult to get a post in order to continue to study abroad? I did my PhD with Margarita Salas, one of the most outstanding researchers in the country. This experience allowed me to get a postdoctoral position in Carol Greider’s laboratory, in New York, where I started working in an exciting topic for me like telomeres, structures that protect the end of the chromosome and that wear away with ageing. Years later she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with Blackburn and Jack W. Szostak, which also makes me feel very proud.
One must choose carefully his or her partner so that will be someone supportive of the choices in life that we want to make
being a scientist? Being a scientist is one of the most rewarding and exciting professions in the world. A key ingredient is creativity. Without it you can’t make any significant and decisive breakthrough for society. Work environment is also rewarding, always surrounded by people from different cultures. Attending to conferences and seminars it`s crucial to drive and maintain your research career, as it allows you to collaborate with researchers all over the world. There have been some advances over recent years in terms of gender equality in the working world. Yet, perhaps there is still more to do. Do you think there will ever be equal work opportunities for men and women? (We mean in the field of science) I’m especially concerned about this. The percentage of women at CNIO is about 60%, but this is not significant. What is significant is that in positions of greater responsibility there are fewer
power surge and reactor 4 exploded. This explosion spread large quantities of radioactivity into the atmosphere over a huge area, including de city of Pripyat and its rivers and forests. The explosion was not under control, but neither the authorities in charge, nor the Government, warned the population. The following day, after the explosion, nobody knew about it, and only 3 days later, people from Pripyat were evacuated in
Indeed, this could happen and it would be great, as it would boost the visibility of women in science. For instance, I’d like to talk about Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna’s work, researchers who create the gene editing system CRISPR, a DNA ‘cut & paste’ tool, one of the greatest breakthroughs in genetic engineering in recent years (it became Science journal breakthrough of the year in 2015). They have received many awards like Princess of Asturias Award for Technical and Scientific Research 2015. Women are capable of doing great things, take part in the 21st century revolution, we must believe and work for it. As a female scientist, have you ever had to make compromises or give up something to prioritize your work? We all make compromises, men and women, there is no difference. The key is to be able to decide for yourself and seek for help if necessary to be able to fullfil one´s dreams. What do you think is the role of a partner (or husband) in the life of a female scientist? Should they be specially sensitive to their wives´ heavy workload?
big buses to a safer place. Many soldiers, emergency workers, residents of Pripyat, firemen and miners died
Males have more selfconfidence and generally all of them want to become indepedent scientits. This is something that had to change in the case of women. Being independent will give them more freedom and therefore it is for me difficult to understand that they prefer to work for someone instead of being independent. What goals or objectives do you hope to reach in your professional career over the next few years? I’d like that the discoveries we make as researchers become realities for patients. We have shown that acting on telomeres we can slow aging in mice and age-related diseases such as cancer. We are now working so that one day this will also be
transferred to patients. Have you ever met a patient that has benefitted from your research? If so, what was it like? How did you feel? Not yet Do you feel you have achieved some of your professional goals? Yes, just having the work that you wanted to have is a satisfaction, although we always want to achieve more, that`s only human!
because of the radioactivity effects while trying to keep the radiation inside of the power plant. None of the attempts to improve this critical situation worked, so they decided to build a steel and concrete sarcophagus to cover the whole the reactor 4 building. The cloud of radiation spread throughout Europe and Asia causing high radiation levels.
What is the aim of these lectures? From the CNIO Women in Science Office (WISE) we work to boost the figure of women in science, so that women can also access to positions of responsibility in the same way men do. Education is very important. It is essential that young girls have role models to aspire to that help them achieve their goals. That is why we decided to open these talks also to schools. Do you think that young people are becoming more interested in these lectures and these issues? What do you feel when you see them listening to the lectures? I think stereotypes are still one of the reasons why we lose so many women in the scientific careers, stereotypes start very early in our education process. With this initiative we want to make sure that both male and female students see that there are powerful women that succeed in their careers. Do you think that it is important for young people to spend some time abroad? Will this help them in the personal
and development?
professional
It‘s always interesting and enriching to see other ways of working, see other perspectives and thereby decide whether to incorporate them personally or in our field. Going abroad, especially if it is to specialize and to work at the best laboratories in the world, in our case is good, enriching, and something that will help us stay connected to the best specialists in our field in the world What advice would give to students who wish become scientists?
to
To follow their dreams and to work hard to get what they want. In your opinion, what is the key to success in the world of investigation? To choose well, work, have the best teachers, work even more
Andrés & Carmen C.
5
herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 6
artificial intelligence Could
an A.I. and a human be in love with each other? We can find different answers to this question. If we are asking from the point of view of the human, we should start asking ourselves what we understand by love. There are many types of love: friendship, affection, romantic love… A robot is not a human being and that's why maybe everyone would say that it is impossible to love something that is not human, but look around you: surely you appreciate a lot of things that aren't also a human being. Probably some of you still have that toy from when you were young that you still love. Of course, that love is not romantic; it is affection. Scientifically, many people argue that the idea of loving a robot is not possible: it would be like being in love with the person that has actually programmed the robot, for the reason that was him who put the feelings there. And, could an A.I. love a human being? Nowadays, it is impossible, not only because of the fact of not having any feelings but also because they cannot produce irrational answers to the stimulus that they receive. Many films present us situations in which robots are programmed to protect human lives (Big Hero 6), even sacrificing their own life. Is this sacrifice a sign of love? The question becomes more complicated if we ask ourselves what would happen if scientists were able to give robots a “soul”. Our soul is what makes humans different from other animals. It gives us the ability of having feelings and emotions, and also morality. If that was the case, should we start considering robots as humans? Should we consider their creators gods? If that happened, some current ethical barriers should be overcome before love between humans and A.I. would triumph; especially if we consider that in our society gay couples still find problems of rejection. Will it be possible to move the human mind into an artificial body in a future? This question can be answered in several ways, as technology is having a great impact nowadays. Some years ago it was unimaginable. Nowadays thanks to all the improvements in medical sciences we are able to replace a part of our body with an artificial one. Perhaps someday the mind can be
6
moved to an artificial body. But to raise this issue we need to first ask what the human mind is. Is it just a bunch of data that can be moved from one place to another? Despite the fact that there have been lots of advances in neuroscience, there is still a lot to be discovered about the human brain. The ability of the human brain to allow us to experience and react to our environment in an apparently self-directed way is called consciousness. It is what makes us the unique, selfreflective creatures that we are. To know if a human mind can be moved we need to know if this consciousness is part of the data in our brain. Furthermore, we still do not know how much of our personality is determined by our brain. Some scientists, like Steven Pinker, argue that we are all born with genetic predispositions that influence our psychologies but it is difficult to tell where the effects of genes start and where they end, particularly as they are either reinforced or suppressed by social experiences. In the end, what we are proposing is the mind–body problem, that is, the problem of explaining how mental states, events and processes (like beliefs, actions and thoughts) are related to the physical states, events and processes, given that the human body is a physical entity and the mind is nonphysical. We think that it is impossible, or at least really difficult, to transfer our consciousness to another body. Even if a scientific process is designed to export the data in our brains, there is something that scientists cannot transfer:
our personality. Coexistence between human beings and artificial intelligences. If something inhuman thinks, feels, believes and acts like a human being, it should be regarded as such; because if
not, it would be unfair and could cause the rebellion of these ones, as seen in the film Blade Runner. On the other hand, an artificial intelligence is not a human and they should understand this. They should have rights but not the same as we have, because in that case, they could become better than us and destroy us. Creating a new life, human or artificial, has its consequences. We must face the ethical debate that concerns the possibility that in
problem. We think that artificial intelligences must be created to improve human’s life. So, perhaps all artificial intelligences must be created to develop a unique function, and none of them can have a full intelligence that can turn them into an evil being.
the near future humans and A.I. could cohabit, perhaps on equal terms. There are four types of opinions regarding this issue: • There are those who think that this technology could be useful to us for all aspects of life and defend it because it would not be a problem to have intelligent robots in our lives as long as we respect them as equals and learn to live with them. • There are also those who think that this artificial intelligence is an aberration and argue that the creation of life and intelligent beings is just a divine task and of procreation of the species. Some of them believe the creation and development of this technology is completely impossible. • A third group believes that this type of intelligence is an imminent reality and argues that eventually it will destroy us. • Finally, there is the group that thinks and argues that artificial intelligence will exist and coexist with us without any problem. If, eventually, the A.I. destroyed the human species, it would be our fault for not knowing how to live with it. The most important thing we have to deal with when we are creating artificial intelligence is taking into account that, eventually, they will have to make decisions that are now reserved only for humans, such as deciding who to save in a car accident. Probably there is still a long way until we can develop a full A.I. so its recognition as human is not a present
to a difficult situation and learn, while in an A.I the same stimulus will lead always to the same result. • We are rational beings, but also emotional. Until now any artificial intelligence has definitely shown the ability to develop own feelings. • We can trace in detail the route that follows the information in an A.I. and where it is stored. In our brain this is not so simple. Several tests and thought experiments have been developed to decide whether the subject who is doing the test is a human or an A.I. The most important test is the Turing test, developed by Alan Turing in 1950. In 1937 this author had written how the perfect machine would be. Turing´s perfect machine or “universal machine” would be able to communicate through symbols and drawings. The Chinese room is a thought experiment that tries to show that a machine could pass the Turing test, because it does not mean understanding the language, but only relating symbols. Anyway, it is difficult to say whether a time will come when we cannot distinguish human and artificial intelligence. The developing of A.I. has changed over time. Now there are two main approaches in A.I. technologies: • The traditional, which generates an A.I. that divides the given problem into others so that it is easier to solve and has fixed rules. • The behavioural,
Can we distinguish between an A.I. and a human being? Yes, we can. There are some differences between an artificial intelligence and a human being: • Our brain can adapt
which consists of adapting to the different situations by a model of interactions. This is the main question we have to think about: up to what point must we trust a machine to make decisions, when it can never be responsible for them? They can help us to choose the best options but the final decision must be made by us. Updating Isaac Asimov´s laws Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) was an American author and university professor known for his literary works of science fiction. Throughout the course of his life, as a result of his passion for robots, he developed the three laws of robotics which still are currently used as a reference for the ethical development of robotics: • A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. • A robot must obey the orders given by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. • A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. In our opinion, he did a great job developing these three laws, but we would add to the list the next ones: • Robots should communicate humans any contradiction between laws and ask for a solution. • Robots should not be able to create new robots. • Robots should not be used in war or unethical
activities. One problem with the laws is what we consider “human” and the possibility of robots to think by themselves. Other problems are the responsibility of the damages they can cause and coexistence with humans.
4º ESO students of ethics
April Fools' Day is on every year. It is a perfect discover your inner joke play pranks and tricks to m fool out of your friend family, with jokes rangin the innocent to the cruel prankster must be sure the mischief before otherwise they, them become the April Fool! The origin of April Fools' uncertain. Some believe dates back to 1582 France changed from the Calendar to the Gre Calendar i.e. New Year changed from the first of A the first of January. Thos did not receive the news the change were called fo celebrating New Year o wrong day and they embarrassed by being pa
through the streets with a fish attached to their called the April Fish symbolised gullibility be fish are easily caught. believe that the day is so because it is linked to th day of spring and Mother
herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 7
April Fools'!!!
ce
consists of adapting to fferent situations by a of interactions. s the main question we to think about: up to point must we trust a ne to make decisions, it can never be nsible for them? They elp us to choose the options but the final on must be made by us.
ing
Isaac
Asimov´s
Asimov (1920-1992) n American author and sity professor known for erary works of science Throughout the course life, as a result of his on for robots, he oped the three laws of cs which still are tly used as a reference ethical development of cs: A robot may not a human being or, h inaction, allow a n being to come to
A robot must obey ders given by human s except where such would conflict with the aw. A robot must protect n existence as long as protection does not ct with the First or d Laws. opinion, he did a great eveloping these three but we would add to the e next ones: Robots should unicate humans any diction between laws sk for a solution. Robots should not be o create new robots. Robots should not be in war or unethical
April Fools' Day is on 1 April every year. It is a perfect day to discover your inner joker and play pranks and tricks to make a fool out of your friends and family, with jokes ranging from the innocent to the cruel. But a prankster must be sure to end the mischief before noon otherwise they, themselves become the April Fool! The origin of April Fools' Day is uncertain. Some believe that it dates back to 1582 when France changed from the Julian Calendar to the Gregorian Calendar i.e. New Year's Day changed from the first of April to the first of January. Those that did not receive the news about the change were called fools for celebrating New Year on the wrong day and they were embarrassed by being paraded
makes fools out of everyone by changing the weather rapidly and unpredictably.
In 1700, the tradition became popularised and since then it has been celebrated every year. The earliest pranks were quite
terrorist attacks. However, the majority of tricks are played in good humour and are usually very funny! Here are
the most famous April Fools' pranks ever carried out: 1) The Spaghetti Harvest - In 1957 the BBC broadcasted a
had been specially designed for left-handed diners by rotating everything 180 degrees. 3) Flying Penguins - In 2008 the BBC showed a video clip of penguins flying, claiming that they were travelling to South America to escape the harsh Antarctic climate. 5) A High-Chair for Dogs - In 2011 Ikea made and released a high chair for dogs. It is very hard to avoid pranks and tricks on April Fools' Day since they can be found everywhere, if someone close to you hasn't pranked you at home or at work then you can still be caught out by the media; the television, the radio, and the internet for example, with many Youtubers making fake Youtube accounts or making prank videos. But most famous are the April Fools' played by the
MATCHING SHAKESPEARE AND CERVANTES Could you match these Works by Shakespeare and Cervantes with their titles? La Galatea El coloquio de los perros El licenciado Vidriera Hamlet Macbeth Anthony & Cleopatra
“Furious and lonely felt the Danish prince By virtue of his father, the beloved king. Killed by his brother, he looked for revenge. A tragic event took place at the end” “Geedy nobleman, controlled by his wife, To obtain the Scottish throne, his opponent killed. Told by three witches to murder the king. Him being defeated, his wife committed suicide”
“Clever chat between two pets This is the plot Which carries on A previous author´s work” “A pretty queen, a handsome Governor, Madly in love they betray the word, But defeated at least, he falls on his sword, So She, the Great, followed him in his fate”
through the streets with a paper fish attached to their back, called the April Fish which symbolised gullibility because fish are easily caught. Others believe that the day is so called because it is linked to the first day of spring and Mother Nature
tame for example sending people on fake errands or putting signs on people's backs that say 'Kick Me' but in the most recent years the tricks have become more daring and more outrageous with some people faking their deaths or even
documentary showing Swiss farmers picking freshly grown Spaghetti from plants.
2) The Left-Handed Burger - In 1998 Burger King advertised a 'Left-Handed Whopper' which
newspapers. Every year each newspaper includes an article which is fake but does not fail to trick thousands of readers every year. We have included one of these articles in this edition of the Herald. See if you can spot it.
“Two shepherds in love Who finally had to back off, Such as bad behavior they acted So finally they were both well rejected” “The story is about a man, Indeed quite mad he was, And one day he woke up in the sun To discover he was made of glass”
es. roblem with the laws is we consider “human” e possibility of robots to by themselves. Other ms are the nsibility of the damages can cause and tence with humans.
4º ESO students of ethics
7
herald4.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/06/16 22:48 Página 8
The TRUE viking STORY of Harald Bluetooth Gormsson, Viking was his blood. King in the North, ruler of Jutland. Feared was his name in Scadinavia and far away; everyone knew the power of this legendary warrior. Defender of the Ancient Gods he was, until a priest appeared preaching his beliefs. It wasn t the old man s bravery but a miracle of God that made him turn Odin down. Since then he had one goal: joining Viking tribes under the One True God.
King Harald Bluetooth’s legend, myth and reality. A vikingual interactive study both in paper and the cyberspace. By 4th ESO D students @ Computer Science
Celebrities who have dared to interview King Harald Blåtand Eduard Punset PUNSET: Good evening we are here today with Harald Bluetooth. It’s an unexpected surprise your visit to my house. HARALD: It was pooping when my own mingitorium absorbed me in an unexpected way and took me to this unknown dimension cooler than pooping. PUNSET: Good for you. I have prepared some short questions just to know as ... Do you know where are you, my furry friend? HARALD: Well my ships are the fastest, but I do not think they have broken the space-time barrier. PUNSET: But you have no idea of what the 4th dimension is, right? HARALD: Well, you got me there, is this place a new sea to conquer? Is this outside my kingdom realm? PUNSET: You are in Spain in the XXI century.
The shape of the drakkars could be seen in the distance, through the light of dawn. Six ships full of armed men were ready to assault. They surpassed the men on the beach in great numbers. As the boats got nearer, the men on the beach started to feel scared, but they were not going to surrender so easily. -“Wilhelm! Go with the archers to the top of the cliffs and get ready to shoot as soon as Körrick’s men set foot on the sand.”- Harald shouted to his friend. “And you Rodrick, come on! Get your axe ready and follow me to the rocks.”
<- Here you can watch the full interview video
-“I’m coming my king!” Some time afterwards they were still waiting behind the huge rocks, feeling anxious and afraid. -“Why did you get involved in this war Lord Blåtand? You’ve always hated war,you’re a natural at solving conflicts peacefully. What happened this time? – Rodrick whispered to Harald. – “This time it was impossible to do so. Körrick is such a stubborn and aggressive man that I wasn’t able to reach an agreement with him. When he is dead, we will talk to his son, who is more intelligent than his father and we will make peace again. At least, that’s what I hope. Now silence, they’re almost here”. Two minutes later, a low and powerful roar could be heard from the hills. Immediately after, dozens of arrows were falling to the beach. Körrick had just arrived.
Sheldon Cooper to kill you…
Viking wars of unification won by Harald Bluetooth told by Playmobil toys here (full video) ->
S.C. And then, who are you? H.B. I´m Harald Blåtand King of Norway and Denmark. I live in the 10th century.
-“It is time to meet Körrick!”- thought Harald.
S.C. Oh! You have a bluetooth!
(To be continued here) -> HARALD BLÅTAND: AAAAAAAAHHHGG!!!! Who are you and what are you doing here?
H.B. Oh! Thanks for your sincerity! Now seriously, It´s because of the hemophilia
SHELDON COOPER: I am Sheldon Cooper phisicist at Pasadena University I have an 187 IQ, I have made a time travel and I come from the future!
S.C. Ok Harald, Would you like to come back to future in 1000-years through time travel?
H.B. Are you a kind of witch? S.C. No!
Everything began when he was doing his experiments. He had been working in that project for months and he was almost there but it didn’t still work, he was working under the clock for the new technological park in Munich that was about to be inaugurated and his invention was the talk of the town in that moment. It was time to begin with B plan, it was not a safe one but it had to take place a dramatic change if he wanted to finish it for the next week. Another problem was the name of the invention, he had no idea. As he was born in the Netherlands he was used to work with a little light but in that workshop it was really dark, so he had to put up the blinds. Now that the atmosphere was lighter he was able to start working. He stayed for five ours working without any rest when he finished his creation. The device resulting was a bit ugly but he hopped it would work. When he started up the system it made an electric sound and started becoming more and more intense. Then the lights went out. He had to plug the device again. And he did... But something went wrong.
(To be continued here) ->
H.B. Oh good! I wouldn´t have bothered a few years ago but now, we, the Vikings are Christian and I would have
H.B Yes, you have woken up me in the middle of the night, and I don´t have anything else to do. A time travel later…
(To be continued here) ->