Mendoza Herald #2 by revista Superlópez

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vol. 2 May 2015

Mendoza Herald English newspaper of the Burgos highschool Cardenal López de Mendoza

"People everywhere confuse what they read in newspapers with news.""A. J." Liebling, american journalist from “New Yorker”

books

Maggie Stiefvater a great writer

The class is an opera

pag.5

One day, we realize d that ou class was r just like a n orchestra becau se in the orchestra there are dif instrumen ferent groups of ts.There are pupil like wood s instrumen ts: smart, discreet, gentle an d sweet.

For years, Grace has watched the wolves in the woods behind her house. One yellow-eyed wolf—her wolf—is a chilling presence she can't seem to live without. pag.4

2015: A YEAR OF ELECTIONS LOCAL, REGIONAL AND GENERAL ELECTIONS WILL BE HELD IN SPAIN STARTING IN MAY THIS YEAR. 2nd ESO STUDENTS REVIEW SOME OF THE MAIN PROBLEMS THAT AFFECT CITIZENS.

Corruption in Spain has become something we constantly talk about and that appears on the news almost daily. Throughout the last few years, we have seen many examples, such as the Gürtel and Bárcenas case, the ERE in Andalucía, and the Nóos or Bankia case. We think this is a very big problem, because citizens cannot trust politicians if they feel that they do not work for them, but for their personal benefit. So we need to call on our representatives to be honest and to act with accountability and transparency.

New materials for a new world

most prepared generations. Unemployment rate of these young people is about 50%. That is why lots of them have had to go abroad to try to find a job.

Central African countries of Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda and their neighbours used to be the source of significant tonnages. But civil war, plundering of national parks and exporting of minerals, diamonds and other natural resources to provide funding of militias has caused the Tantalum-Niobium International Study Center to call on its members to take care in obtaining their raw materials from lawful sources. pag.5

to kill a mockingbird Fifty-five years after her first novel, the Pulitzer-prize winner from Alabama, Nelle Harper Lee, publishes her second book “Go Set a Watchman”, a sequel to awardwinning, “ To Kill a Mockinbird”

Unemployment This is probably the worst consequence of the economic crisis that has affected Spain since 2008. In 2013, the unemployment rate reached almost 26% of the active population, which represents more than 5 million people. This problem gets worse especially at two age ranges: people over 50, because there are younger people who are more easily trained and who will work for less money; and people under 25, who have never had the opportunity to work and, consequently, do not have enough experience, although they are one of the

A l l a n Tu r i n g Evictions Everydody should have a home to live in. But since 2008, hundreds of thousands of families lost their houses because they did not have enough money to pay the mortgage. As a result, there have even been some cases of desperate people who have

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The situation of the media nowadays “MOM, I`M GOING TO FIND A DINOSAUR” A- 7- year -old-boy discovers the Giacomo Leopardi, an “Rosetta Stone“of paleontology Italian poet said Diego Suarez gives “Happiness is in the name to a new ignorance of the truth” dinosaur, an enigmatic plant-eating theropod from the Late Jurassic period of Chile. " It has features of carnivores, and herbivores ," said the scientist. In the last page you will discover recently discovered species and chilesaurusdiegosuarezi curiosities about these big creatures. pag.8

Have you ever wondered if the media is giving more attention to events that happen in first world countries than to other ones that might be more important?

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"I hope he will not fall between two stools. If he is to stay at public school, he must aim at becoming educated. If he is to be solely a Scientific Specialist, he is wasting his time at a public school" pag.7

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multiculturalism Intercultural undrestanding is a major goal in language learning. It contributes to the development of positive attitudes and respect between peoples (pueblos) and cultures.How are we exposed to culture? Through symbols, beliefs and superstitions, through the ways in which reality is classified and ordered, through the behaviours and through assumptions linked to beliefs and behaviours. It is important that we break down stereotypes and avoid ethnocentric approaches so that the student does not have a negative feeling towards the target culture we are learning abuot (be it either English or French or another culture.) Teachers are to develop an awareness of differences among cultures which will promote attitudes of tolerance, understanding and respect, and at the same time, in the long run, it will help students develop a keen sense of their cultural identity of which they can be proud. The following are traditions that take place in a variety of countries, yet, they have something in common.

Jueves de Todos It's a celebration typical of Burgos. The date depends on the religous calendar. The events begin on Wednesday afternoon when the older children who go to school that afternoon disguised and they scare the other children. Subsequently, they burn Judas (a doll made of old clothes and stuffed with straw). On Thursday morning the children go to different people´s houses to ask for eggs, potatoes and sausage. Previously if someone wanted to give those foods,the group would sing a typical song that has been passed down from generation to generation. The afternoon snack was made from the donated food, including chorizo and Spanish omelette. MARDI GRAS Mardi Gras, also called Fat Tuesday in English, is the beginning of Lent. It refers to Carnival celebrations too, but the main tradition is to eat richer food for the last time until Lent. Popular practises on Mardi Gras

include wearing masks and costumes, going dancing, holding sports competitions…

direction, edition & layout Ismael Ali de Unzaga coordinators of sections Olga Renedo English Raquel Lage Technology Olga Lázaro English Conchita Sangrador Music Germán López Computing Conchi Castro Citizenship Marta Cid English Silvina Gutiérrez English Monica Morris Assistant teacher Ismael Ali Art Journalists and photographers bilingual students 1º,2º,3º and 4º ESO Mendoza Herald 2

etc. In some cities and countries like Rio de Janeiro, New Orleans, Quebec City or Louisiana, Mardi Gras is considered the whole period of Carnival’s celebration. For example, in the United States, Mardi Gras started as a French tradition. It began when the Le Moyne brothers arrived there because King Louis XVI sent them to defend France’s possessions in the territory of New Orleans and Louisiana. They celebrated a big party on the 3rd March, on Mardi Gras, after winning several battles and it was celebrated in New Orleans. In 1703 they established the first organized Mardi Gras celebration. The tradition expanded to the point that it became synonymous with the city in popular perception. It’s also in other countries: In most of the cities in Germany, Mardi Gras is called Fastnacht, that means “Eve of the fast”. In the Belgian city of Binche, Mardi Gras festivals are one of the most important days of the year. About the year 1000, people went dancing throughout the city from the morning till the afternoon or evening. In the Netherlands, they have a festival similar to Mardi Gras, that they call Carnaval. In Sweden the celebration is called F astan, and they eat fastagsbulles which is a typical desert for this day and in the past, it was the only day you could eat it.

Poisson D’avril Le poisson d’avril, is a tradition celebrated in France and has evolved into what it is for us, the day of the Holy Innocents. It is April 1st and is the day to play jokes and not believe what people say because it may be a lie. Its symbol is to hang a fish on a person´s back… without the person noticing! The origins of this tradition are unclear, the best known hypothesis comes from the XVI century and has since continued to be held. Legend has it that King Charles IX decided to begin the year starting on April 1st instead of the 1st January as usual. The reasons are mainly religious. According to the Julien calendar the year´s end is March 25 so April 1st was the first day of the year. The days were longer and

person), but it’s better to see it in person, in France, Belgium or in the countries where they celebrate it. April fools´Day April Fools' Day (sometimes called April Fool's Day or All Fools' Day) is celebrated every year on the first day of April. Popular since the 19th century, the day is not a national holiday in any country. It’s a day when people play practical jokes and

hoaxes on each other. The jokes and their victims are known as "April fools". Hoax stories may be reported by the press and other media on this day and explained on subsequent days. Dia da mentira(Brazil)

it was like a new start. However, this change did not come to be implemented but the confusion that arose resulted in this day of jokes and laughter. It´s celebrated in France, Finland, Australia, Galicia, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the UK, Menorca, Portugal, USA, Brazil and other countries every April 1st. I think it’s a funny thing to do (to put a fish in the back of another

The first of April is celebrated in Brazil el dia da mentira. On this day, children and adults cheat and play tricks on others. This came from a legend which said that French and American people were considered silly people because they didn’t adopt the Gregorian calendar. And they were ridiculed and invited to imaginary parties, and thus the traditon was born. Today, this festival is celebrated

in many countries. Dia de los santos inocentes In Spain, South America and the Philippines, December 28th is still a day for pranks, equivalent to April Fool´s Day in many countries. Pranks are also lnown as “inocentadas” and their victims are called “inocentes”; alternatively, the pranksters are the “inocentes” and the victims, should not be angry at them, since they could not have committed any sin*. Media like newspapers, radio, and TV often give fake content or distort the news as well. One of the more famous of these traditions is the annual “Els Enfarinats” festival of Ibiza; in Alacant (Alicante), where the “inocentes” dress up in full military dress and inicite a flour fight. *Sin: when you commit a crime against God.

NOW THAT WE ARE LEAVING … Now that we are about to finish our manners, ethical values, teamtime at school, we look back on these working and to respect each other. years and how things have changed. And also some not so academic stuff such as playing poker! Everything will When this adventure started, we were be part of our lives and memories. a bit afraid about the future. We did not know many classmates, School trips have also been very everything was so new … Yet, we important, not only for our learning were looking forward to turning into but for socializing and learning to get mature teens, and eager to learn. along with classmates that we hardly However, although we are supposed knew. Germany, France, Belgium … to have grown up, we are aware of These trips helped us to learn about the long way we still have ahead. different lifestyles, cultures and people. Those first trips to Butrera, There have been quite a lot of Jaca, Madrid were great… when lots positive things during these years, but of excited kids had so much fun! not everything has been a bed of roses. It´s been great to have gotten This is a huge school. There are so to know all kinds of people. Some of many students that we can’t have a them have become our close friends. close relationship with our teachers We have learnt all sort of things, and hardly ever. And it is a shame to miss not only subjects but also good out on this opportunity. But despite

this, the school has been kind of a year has gotten more and more demanding. Not to mention 2nd of Bach! Just a look in the classrooms and corridors and you can feel the stress and worries of the students. Yet, we all know that it is worth the effort. Just a few weeks more and everything will be over! On balance, we must say that we have been prepared for a better future, growing both academically and personally. But maybe the solid friendships we have achieved during these years will be our best school second home for many of us. It has inheritance! been a place with a nice atmosphere and with a great variety of feelings. Just like real life! However, as it is said “no pain, no Alberto, Paola, Beatriz, Cristina, gain”. Throughout these years, we Eduardo (2º de Bachillerato A) have worked really hard. Each school

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A FASCINATING LOOK AT THE NATURE I love nature and I´d like to show you some surprising animals and plants, so … keep on reading, please! CARNIVORE PLANTS • Most plants obtain their food from the soil and from solar energy. But some plants have evolved so that they can eat animals to survive; so they are called carnivore plants. Each carnivore plant

with their sticky hairs, or a kind of mouth, or a vase with sticky liquid. Don´t touch them in case there are hungry! BIG SNAKES • The Python of Seba, which is found in Africa , can eat an antelope with a head nine times the snake´s head. In South America the Anaconda ,that is 10 meters long , can eat alligators! So you would only be a “snack” for

has developed a mechanism to hunt their prey. They produce a special smell that attracts insects. The plants catch the insects

them! ANTS AND APHIDS VS LADYBUGS • Ladybugs hunt aphids to eat them. • However ants

killers chase the grey

attack ladybugs to defend aphids. • Aphids produce a substance that feeds ants; so ants and apthids live in symbiosis. • What a threesome! THE KILLER • The killer whale is a predator in the sea. It hunts a lot of different animals; for instance marine lions, fish and penguins. • But how do killer whales hunt grey whales? Quite dramatically. First the

whales and their babies. Once thy separate the baby from its mum they drown it pushing the little animal down into the water. And then, the battle starts… LIVING TOGETHER • Some hummingbirds have a beak with a specific shape that fits perfectly

on a particular type of flower. The bird and the plant live in perfect and shocking symbiosis. • Don´t miss the “family” photo. THE LAST DRAGON ON EARTH • Nowadays we know that dragons have never existed. However, there is a species of lizard that was considered a dragon by the people who discovered it. It is called the Komodo Dragon and it is the biggest

lizard in the world. This dragon lives on the Komodo Islands and it is a carnivore. Would you like a dragon as a pet? Rodrigo Carbajo

Rubik´s cube Did you know that... • Rubik's Cube is a 3-D combination puzzle invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture Ernő Rubik.? • It was originally called the Magic Cube, and it began to be sold in 1980? • It won the German Game of the Year special award for Best Puzzle that year? • As of January 2009, 350 million cubes have been sold worldwide making it the world's top-selling puzzle game. It is considered the world's bestselling toy? Amazing World Records: • Single time: The current world record for single time on a 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube was set by Mats Valk with a time

of 5.55 seconds. • One-handed solving: The fastest single time to solve the cube with one hand is 8.75 seconds by Antoine Cantin. • Feet solving: Gabriel Pereira Campanha solved a Rubik's Cube with his feet in 25.14 seconds. • Blindfolded solving: The record for blind solving is held by Marcin Kowalczyk of Poland, who solved a cube blindfolded in 21.17 seconds (including memorization). • Multiple blindfolded solving: The record is held by Marcin Kowalczyk of Poland, who successfully solved 41 of 41 cubes blindfolded. • Fewest moves solving: Tomoaki Okayama of Japan holds the record of 20 moves. • Non-human solving:

The fastest non-human time for a physical 3×3×3 Rubik's Cube

is 3.25 seconds. • 17x17x17: This is the biggest cube and Kenneth Brandon solved it in seven and a half hours. • 2x2x2: Christian Kaserer was able to solve this puzzle in just 0.69. World Rubik's Cube Championship: • Speedcubing (or speedsolving) is the practice of trying to solve a Rubik's Cube in the shortest time possible. There are a number of speedcubing competitions that take place around the world. • The first world championship organised by the Guinness Book of World Records was held in Munich on March 13, 1981. All Cubes were moved 40 times and lubricated with petroleum jelly.

Winners: • 1982 – Budapest / Minh Thai / 22.95 seconds • 2003 – Toronto / Dan Knights / 20.00 seconds • 2005 - Lake Buena Vista / Jean Pons / 15.10 seconds • 2007 – Budapest / Yu Nakajima / 12.46 seconds • 2009 – Dusseldorf / Breandan Vallance / 10.74 seconds • 2011 – Bangkok / Michal Pleskowicz / 8.65 seconds • 2013 - Las Vegas / Feliks Zemdegs / 8.18 seconds

FranciscoJavierRodríguez Mendoza Herald 3

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Maggie Stiefvater, a great writer I love reading. Each book tells you a story, and you can always learn a lot. Because of that, I would like to write about my favourite writer and I hope this will encourage you to read some of her books. A bit of her life  Maggie was born in November, 1981. Now, she lives in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia with her husband and her two children.  She is a writer. She writes about dead Welsh kings, werewolves ... She doesn´t have a special topic, she just writes about what she likes  Apart from being a

writer, she has been a musician, a technical editor, a portrait artist, and even a waitress!. She plays several musical instruments such as the bagpipes,  Also, when she writes a book, she usually writes the soundtrack of that book. It can be said that Maggie is an artist in many aspects. She writes and plays music, paints and draws.

books & writers

Her books  Saga of Spirit Animals.  Pip Bartlett’s Guide to Magical Creatures.  The Curiosities.  The Books of Faerie.  The Scorpio Races.  The Shiver Trilogy + Sinner.  Raven Cycle. My favorite books  The wolves of Mercy Falls trilogy contains three books, Shiver (published 1 August 2009), Linger (published 13 July 2010) and Forever (published 12 July 2011). The books follow Grace Brisbane and Sam Roth and their love story. They are the main characters of the trilogy.  Another book that really caught my attention was The Scorpio Races and the Raven Cycle.  I don´t want to tell you too much about her books, but I would like to explain a bit of her first book. For years, Grace has watched the wolves in the woods behind her house. One yellow-eyed wolf—her wolf—is a chilling presence she can't seem to live without.

Meanwhile, Sam has lived two lives: In winter, the frozen woods, the protection of the pack, and the silent company of a fearless girl. In summer, a few precious months of being human… until the cold makes him shift back again. Now, Grace meets a yellow-eyed boy whose familiarity takes her breath away. It's her wolf. It has to

be. But as winter nears, Sam must fight to stay human—or risk losing himself, and Grace, forever.  Her new work is Sinner and it tells us about two important characters, Cole St Clair and Isabel Culpepper. The story takes place in New York. AWARDS AND HONOURS:  Amazon Top Ten Books for Teens 

CBC Children’s Choice Awards Finalist  Winner, 2010 Midwest Booksellers’ Choice Award for Children’s Literature  Winner of the 2011 Georgia Peach Award  VOYA: The Perfect Tens  YALSA Teens’ Top Ten  CO Blue Spruce Young Adult Book Award Nominees 2011 I strongly recommend that you read her books, because they are beautiful and they really put you on the edge of your seat. Besides, they have a bit of everything; fantasy, romance, fiction, mystery. Carlota Gil López

Harper Lee is a writer that is still alive. She was born in Alabama, USA, on the 28th of April 1926 and known for her Pulitzer prizewinning book To Kill a Mockingbird. Lee has received numerous honorary degrees such as the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. She was a close friend of Truman Capote and helped him in his research for the book In Cold Blood (1966). Her father was a lawyer and he once defended two black men accused of murdering a white man. This inspired Harper to write her book To Kill a Mockingbird.

Harper Lee. The plot: Atticus Finch is a lawyer in a racially divided Alabama town in the 1930s. He agrees to defend a young black man who is accused of raping a white woman. Many of the townspeople try to get Atticus to pull out of the trial, but he decides to go ahead. How will the trial turn out and will it change any of the racial tension in the town? GO SET A WATCHMAN Go Set a Watchman is a novel by Harper Lee, set to be published on July 14, 2015; but it was written before her only published novel To Kill a

TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD

It was published in 1960 and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the author’s observations of the family and neighbors that lived near her hometown when she was 10 years old. The novel deals with serious issues such as rape and social inequality, but in a funny and warm way. Two years later, Robert Mulligan directed the film To Kill a Mockingbird based on the novel by

Mockingbird. The novel follows Scout Finch (when she has become an adult) who travels from New York to Maycomb, Alabama to visit her father, Atticus Finch, 20 years after the events of To Kill a Mockingbird. Scout is forced to grapple with issues both personal and political as she tries to understand her father's attitude toward society and her own feelings about the place where she was born and spent her childhood. Go Set a Watchman includes many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird.

skyscrapers Gabriel Baños 4ºESO

A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building of many floors, usually designed for office, commercial and residential use. There is no official definition or height above which a building may be classified as a skyscraper and at which height it may not be considered a highrise anymore In ancient times, many buildings constructed were big in height, the best example is the Great Pyramid of Giza (146 m) which remained the tallest building in the world for thousands of years. Its height was not surpassed until 1884 when the Washington Monument (169 m) was constructed. However these structures despite their size, were not inhabited and so, they cannot be defined as skyscrapers. Other examples are the Two Towers of Mendoza Herald 4

The beginnings: 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.

Bologna(97.2m9 constructed in the 12th century in Italy and the 16th century city of Shibam in which all of its houses were(and still are) extremely tall.

Chicago is considered to be the home of the first true skyscrapers, the Rand McNally Building(1889-1999/demolished) and the Home Insurance Building(18841931/demolished). New York started the race against the windy city for constructing the tallest skyscraper and in 1895 took the lead by building the American Security Building(¿m?). And later it confirm its title by constructing the Chrysler Building(1930) and the

Empire State Building(1931) which stood as the world´s tallest building for forty years. After WWII tall buildings spread throughout all of Europe, Latin America and Asia. In Rusia, the “Seven sisters of Moscow” project started. Years later in New York, the world trade center (the twin towers) was constructed reaching a height of 417m but again, it was surpassed by Chicago´s Willis Tower (442m) which held the title for 25 years. 25 years after the construction of the Willis Tower, the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur were built. Skyscrapers in Spain. Here in our country we have four examples of skyscrapers in Madrid, the Cuatro Torres Business Area empresarial park holds the four tallest buildings in Spain. It

is formed by, as its name implies, four towers which are called: Cepsa Tower, Space Tower, Glass Tower and PwC Tower.

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f am ou s q uotes a n d characters `bout music Music does for the soul what going to the gym does for the body. Platón Feel music and forget all your problems. Music is a revelation higher than any philosophy. Beethoven Music expresses everything that cannot be said with words and cannot remain in silence. Víctor Hugo Life without music would be a mistake. Nietzche One good thing about Music is that, when it comes, you forget all your problems. Bob Marley Music is the true universal language. Carl María Won Weber Music is synonymous with the freedom to play whatever you want and however you want to play it, as long as it is good and has passion. Music should be the foodstuff of love. Kurt D. Cobain One good thing about Music is that when it hits you, you feel no pain. Bob Marley

You don’t sing music; you breathe it. Alejandro Sanz.

MY CLASS, AN ORCHESTRA Once upon a time, there was a bilingual class in the 2nd year of ESO. There were thirty pupils working together from Monday to Friday every week. One day, we realized that our class was just like an orchestra because in the orchestra there are different groups of instruments. We have wind-instruments, string instruments and percussion instruments. Every family has its representation in the class. Every child has a particular characteristic that allows her or him to be included in one of the groups of the orchestra. There are pupils like wood instruments: smart, discreet, gentle and sweet.

music

Others are like string instru- pils that are always playing to hear the other ones.” ments. They contribute to the and making a lot of noise like Do you know what happehappiness and optimism of the percussion instruments in ned? The orchestra was empty and very sad. The violins cried because their friends, the trumpets were out. Contrabasses were very sad because they couldn´t hear to the piccolos. They asked for the director to consider the other instruments. The director told them: “You are all right. I have realized that every instrument has its mission in the orchestra.! And in the same way, every child has its mission in the class and every pupil is important to the class. They are sociable the orchestra. our bilingual class, because and cheerful and have plenty One day the director said: “I every one contributes to our of vitality. want only the wind instru- class and makes it wonderful. There are also a group of pu- ments to play”. “I don`t want

If it weren´t for Music, there would be more reasons to go crazy. Piotr Ilich Chaikovski

cause we are living in a

technology

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The situation of the media nowadays Every day we watch the TV newscast just to discover that a car crash has happened and three people have died or that a mortal illness is killing more and more people somewhere. But have you ever wondered if the

media is actually giving more attention to events that happen in first world countries than to

other ones that might be more important? Giacomo Leopardi, an Italian poet once said “Happiness is in the ignorance of the truth” and he wasn’t totally wrong. If everyday media provided us news related to, for example, how many children are dying in Africa from hunger, people would eventually stop watching that channel. The truth is hard, but it is there even if we don’t like to think about it. The news told us about Ebola, that’s true, but only when Spanish citizens were affected. What is happening now? I haven’t seen Ebola mentioned in any TV channel for about a month or so. In my opinion, TV companies today are more focused on gaining a wider audience than on offering us unbiased and objective information. They only provide information about hot topics such as catastrophes or

what I call “emotional reports” that basically show, along with sentimental music and a quiet voice, news which is designed to grab the viewer’s attention. Also, these news stories are more related to western countries, often being about unimportant events. It sometimes seems that these stories are included just to fill up the newscast’s timetable. On the other hand, many people

say that it is better to not watch the news at all, because nowadays it is full of fatalities and misfortunes and I must say that I agree with them up to a point. As I said before, TV channels are really keen to show these negative stories, but at least, due to the amount of attention they are given, they become really objective. But as we are currently living in a connected society ignoring them becomes almost impossible. Of course it is understandable that channels try to give more importance to local events, mainly because they are the ones which really affect us and that we will really appreciate and show interest for. We are culturally more related to western world countries (we live in one of them) than with African or Asian countries so we feel that the things that happen in those countries are further from

us than if they took place in, for example, Germany or the USA. So to sum up, it might be true that the media give more

importance to news which happens in western countries, due to economic aspects or related to the audience that watches them but it wouldn’t be a bad idea for them to offer further information about important topics which become unnoticed or that reappear from time to time.

Gabriel Baños Gómez 4ºD continues from main page

committed suicide. This problem is connected to the construction bubble. Before the crisis, banks used to give loans to people who couldn’t afford to buy properties that were usually over-valued. Nowadays, there are some associations that are asking for a change in mortgage law and cheaper rents for people in need.

Social cutbacks. Because of the crisis, our country has also suffered some austerity measures that have affected the education and healthcare systems especially hard. Some students cannot continue their studies because university fees are currently very

How sports began JUDO In 1880, Professor Jigoro Kano of Japan began a new sport, Judo. It comes from an old Japanese way of fighting called jujitsu, which was a way of killing your enemies. Yet judo is a sport and people usually learn it because it is a way of defending themselves. At the beginning of the twentieth century, some Japanese people came to Western Europe and did judo in the theatres, so people started to practice it.

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If you are good at this sport, you

know a lot about the body and you are very polite when you are playing and never get violent.

expensive and it is more difficult

to access scholarships. Hospitals have had to reduce the number of their employees and the quality of their services, among other cutbacks, because they do not receive enough public funds. In the last few years, we have witnessed a lot of demonstrations and

strikes against this situation. These and other problems need to be solved if we want to create a society where everybody is equal and no one is above or below the others. But to do so, all of us must stay informed and participate as citizens.

The sports section is usually one of the most popular parts in newspapers. But …. Have you ever thought how some sports began? If you want to know a bit more about this, just keep on reading!

ATHLETICS Athletics is the name for running, walking, jumping and throwing sports. And these activities were really important before athletics was a sport. If a man was a good runner, walker, jumper and thrower, he was also a good hunter and … a good athlete Athletics is the oldest sport and it began in Ancient Greek where the Olympic Games were held every four years until AD 393. The best men athletes competed in them.

In 1896, the Olympic Games began again in Athens. The modern Olympic Games have the

same symbol as the Ancient ones –a burning torch. Today

they are the most important sports event in the world. Every year, athletes run faster, walk faster, jump higher, jump further, and throw further than before. Every year sports records are broken. And can you believe that women athletes had their own games in Ancient Greece?

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a film and computer science THE IMITATION GAME Title: The Imitation Game. Country: USA/UK. Premiere in USA: 28/11/2014 Director: Morten Tyldum. Film producer: Black Bear Pictures, Ampersand Pictures. Script: Graham Moore. Cast: Benedict Cumberbatch, Keira Knightley, Charles Dance, Matthew Goode, Mark Strong, Rory Kinnear, Tuppence Middleton, Allen Leech. Genre: thriller, drama, biography. Synopsis: During the winter of 1952 police entered the house of Alan Turing, a famous cryptographer and war hero, because of a reported burglary. He was finally arrested for the crimes of “indecency” and “homosexuality” crimes. During the interview with the detective, he began talking about his childhood in university, how he began loving codes and cryptograms, and finally about his hard adulthood. But the main point that authorities didn´t know, is that they were accusing the pioneer of modern day

computing. During the Second World War, Germans designed a cipher and decipher machine called “Enigma”, used to communicate with the submarines in the Atlantic

Ocean. The codes of this machine were unbreakable at that time. So UK authorities, after entering the war, in order to reduce casualties, created a program for deciphering this machine. Lots of English mathematicians, chess players and

amateur deciphers applied for the job, but finally, only five were chosen: Alan Turing, Joan Clarke, Hugh Alexander, John Cairncross and Peter Hilton. Pressured by the government, they had to quickly

find the key to unlock what would finally became Alan´s obsession. The film and the reality: There are some differences between the film and the reality, but they give the story emotion that

miscellaneous

catches the attention of the spectator. For instance, Turing had a natural predisposition to working in teams and the irritable treatment between the Commander Denniston and Alan never existed. Also, the letter to Churchill was never written. In addition, the machine actually was not called Christopher (after Christopher Morcom, Alan’s childhood friend) but The Bombe, was built from a Polish design and was not a universal machine. Furthermore, Joan Clarke was working on the project even before Turing was chosen. Another difference between reality and fiction is that Turing's team supposedly hated him until Joan Clarke appears and fixes it with her feminine touch, but no documents suggest enemities in that group, in fact, several biographies say they got on perfectly well. Also, Alan was never accused of being a soviet spy, in fact this wasn´t a consideration during the burglar investigation. Despite this, during the interview with the burglar, police knew about Turing´s homosexuality, which was the

main reason for his detention. Our opinion: We liked the film, it was very amusing, despite some scenes that were too “typical”. The work of the actors is great. On the other hand, we missed some historical facts that were very important for the development of the war and for Alan Turing´s success. One was the investigation of the Polish mathematicians to solve the codes of this machine and the discovery of codes to decipher the Enigma machine inside of a captured German submarine. Recommendations: We would therefore recommend this film to everybody because it's a hard, but also beautiful story set in the Second World War and based in real facts. To end with, we have to add that we can visit a real Enigma machine on display at the Radio Museum in Belorado. Abel Fontúrbel Elvira, Ángela Mayoral Mamolar & Marina Pérez Antolín, 4º eso.

the weather forecast Tomorrow we will have sun in center and south of Spain. It will rain in the east west and north of the Iberian Peninsula. In the Canary islands it will be sunny and hot all the day. That’s all for tomorrow.

11 THINGS THAT YOU CAN WEAR

JOKES: 1. There is a cockroach in my soup! Yes,sir. The fly's on holiday.

3. Doctor! Doctor! I've eaten a pencil! What shall I do? Use a pen. 4. Why did Tiny Tim throw the butter out of the window? Because he wanted to see a butterfly.

2. There's a spider in my soup! Oh, really? That's 50p extra.

ACROSS 1- Typical Portuguese food 2-Natural disaster caused by a violent movement of the Earth 3-The singer who sings "Wrecking ball" 4-Disney film whose main characters are Elsa & Anna 5-You can find the Colosseum & the Tower of Pisa 6-Tool for cutting paper, clothes, etc DOWN 1-Traditional music of each country 2-The only mammal that can fly 3-Tool that can be used to hit nails into wood 4-A colour that is a mixture of red & blue 5-In this sport you hit the ball with a racket 6-It ́s the part of the body that can you see with 7-

8-You wear them on your feet Mendoza Herald 7

heraldo2.qxp_Maquetación 1 05/05/15 19:41 Página 8

when dinosaurs were kings art class Dinosaurs eat man…woman inherits the earth. Ellie Sattler (Laura Dern in Jurassic park)

pterodactilus

location bavaria,germany discovery

1784 age jurasic150mill. Its name comes from the Greek pterodaktulos, meaning "winged finger".It was a carnivore and probably preyed upon fish and other small animals.The Pterodactylus had wings formed by a skin and muscle membrane stretching from its elongated fourth finger to its hind limbs.

It was a 12 m. location long dinosaurthat north america lived in water and 6 m. of its body were the lenght of the neck. This water reptile has the shape of the famousLockNess monster, Nessie.

triceratops

discovery age

cretaceous.95mill.

1943

t h a l a s s o m e d o n

They have a heavy, thick skull and prozac with one armon and three horns pointing out at the front. The horns are used for defending itself, as a sort of Rhino.The Flint fossils that have been found are in Colorado(USA) The size of the dinosaur is 9m. And it weighs 5 tons.They live in the forest in groups.It moves on 4 legs and has hundreds of teeth.It is herbivorous and T-Rex wants to eat him!

location colorado(USA) discovery

1887 age cretaceous.68mill.

Big pannel by 1 eso students. art class

In the past 15 years, scientist velociraptor

stegosaurus

and paleontologists have found a large number of new species location of dinosours such as mongolia sarcosuchus

A large, heavily built, herbivorous quadruped, meaning "roof lizard" or "covered lizard" in reference to its bony plates, the Stegosaurus had a distinctive and unusual posture, with a heavily rounded back, short forelimbs, head held low to the ground and a stiffened tail held high in the air.

discovery

1924 age cretaceous.75mill. carcharodontosaurus,paralititan ,sarcosuchus,spinosaurus,map usaurus, gigantosaurus... None of them is as famous as the T-rex or Diplodocus but these new discoveries are

They were carnivorous:They had three claws, and they used to kill their prey with another elongated claw. They were very fast. In 1995, the city of Toronto named its new NBA expansion team the Raptors

Tyrannosaurus-rex was a bipedal carnivore with a massive skull balanced by a long, heavy tail. T-rex was historically depicted as a 'living tripod', with the body at 45 degrees or less from the vertical and the tail dragging along the ground, similar to a kangaroo. Robert Bakker pointed out

in The Dinosaur Heresies that a name like "Tyrannosaurus rex is just irresistible to the tongue. Tyrannosaurus may have had infectious saliva used to kill its prey.Its had tooth serrations that may infect much like the Komodo dragon was thought to have.

Tyrannosaurus Rex location

location

north america

colorado (USA)

discovery

1905

1877

age cretacic.66mill.

age jurasic150mill.

allosaurus spinosaurus

giving a new view about cretaceous and jurassic periods. Steven Spielberg is to launch his new film, Jurassic World(4) in June. Here we present a kind of guide for newcomers or simply for fans of the saga, coming from a very big pannel3 m. long- made by 1ºeso students in their art class. Mendoza Herald 8

location colorado(USA) discovery

location

south america

1877

discovery

age

1993

cretacic 95 mill.years weight 70-75Tons

blood fats bones skin flesh

3 Tons 15 Tons 11 Tons 4 Tons 39 Tons

age jurasic.155 mill. The name comes from the mix of “allos”(weird) and sauros(lizard).They were very big, aproximately 9 m. long, with a short neck and a weight of around 1 ton.It was a carnivorous predator like T-rex but smaller and faster.Its prey were Stegosaurus, Diplodocus and Braquiosaurus. It is similar to “saber-toothed cats"(diente de sable). Allosaurus preyed on sauropods and other large dinosaurs by hunting in groups.