ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1ST PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

September 2015

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT BRAZILIAN COMMISSION FOR THE PROGRAM "MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE" PROGRAMME - COBRAMAB

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT BRAZILIAN COMMISSION FOR THE PROGRAM "MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE" PROGRAMME COBRAMAB

This Report is presented to the UNESCO General Conference, which adopted the Resolution 28C/2.4 of the Statutory Framework of the World Biosphere Reserve Network in its 28th Session and that through its Article 9th, it defines the criteria to be contemplated for the 10-year review.

This Periodical Review Report was forwarded to the Brazilian Ministry of Environment and through its Department of Biodiversity and Forests, the office in charge and representative of the COBRAMAB, it was forwarded to the International MaB Coordination Council – Unesco on September 30, 2015.

Foto: Miguel Andrade©

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Dear ladies and gentlemen,

The Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve was acknowledged by the letter of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization SC-05/CONF.210/2 Add, in Paris, Room XIV (Bonvin Building) on June 24, 2005, through the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme - Meeting of the Bureau of the International Co-ordinating Council, UNESCO Headquarters. It reached its first decade in 2015 and therefore we present the 1st Periodic Review of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve.

Within this context, we present the greater features that make this territory unique in Brazil and the world: its cultural aspects under a historical perspective, its bio-geographical dynamic and intrinsic relations with the biomes of the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, both considered world hotspots (MEYERS, 2000). We highlight the Rupestrian Fields, phytophysionomy with a large number of endangered and endemic species in a low-resiliency environment, therefore configuring a World Endemism Center.

In this same area of growth and exploitation of resources, we highlight the Serra do Espinhaรงo with its extreme importance for the conservation of biodiversity and water resources, reflecting on traditional communities and their traditional knowledge associated with the most diverse identities and their material and immaterial assets that are identified in the Biosphere Reserve.

This report presents the aspects established in and for the Biosphere Reserve, in different levels of official territorial planning units and with the active participation of government institutions, research centers and universities, representatives of local communities, managers of protected areas, private sector and third sector entities. This participation includes the potential that is still untapped, in addition to the gaps and weaknesses in a territory surrounded by different political and economic interests.

The critical analysis the Periodic Review is, in synthesis, a valuable instrument of (re) planning, assessment and monitoring for major institutional arrangements for present and future actions. A demanding and deep monitoring that contributes to the strengthening of governance processes, the definition and promotion of dialogue on development and conservation processes and redefinition of responsibilities for the implementation of the Action Plan for the Biosphere Reserve appear as relevant elements derived from this review.

Another structuring issue involves the problematization of dilemmas, such as development and growth, conservation and the involvement of traditional communities, the effectiveness of public policies and deployment of social dialogue forums for the full compliance of the premises envisaged by the MaB. iv

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In addition to the responses to the questions on the form of the MaB Programme, this document presented here contains indicatives of a next phase of re-examination of the territory limits – the Phase II of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve. This proposal will be justifiably detailed and forwarded through the Brazilian responsible sectors, whose indication will be the subject of further development after the forwarding of this Periodic Review. Thus, in 2016, there is the intention of submitting a new referral to UNESCO-MaB Programme for its evaluation, aiming at the acceptance to the justified expansion of limits of the Biosphere Reserve.

The actors involved in this Periodic Review would like to thank all who participated in the direct and indirect organization of this document; in particular, to the International Coordination Council of the MaB-Unesco for its receipt. For us, it is quite relevant the assessment by this Committee for the range of improvements to the management and implementation of cooperative strategies for the next 10 years at the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

Respectfully,

State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve September 2015

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to thank all the researchers, trainees, managers and, in particular, the members of the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

We thank the Ministry of the Environment of Brazil, through the Secretary of Biodiversity and Forests, represented by Dr. Ana Cristina Fialho de Barros, Dr. Moara Giasson, Dr. André Luis Lima and Dr. Fernando Tatagiba and the Government of Minas Gerais, through the Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development, particularly the IGAM, FEAM and IEF. Those who participated directly in this Periodic Review:  Ecological Cultural Association Nado Pond (ACELN): Sérgio Augusto Domingues  Federal Center for Technology Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG): Prof. Arnaldo Freitas de Oliveira Júnior  State Environment Foundation (FEAM): Diogo Franco and Adriano Macedo Tostes  Federation of Industries of the State of Minas Gerais (FIEMG): Paula Aguiar Meireles and Thiago Rodrigues  Biodiversitas Foundation: Gláucia Moreira Drumond and Cássio Soares Martins  Brazilian Institute for Development and Sustainability (IABS): Patrícia Reis Pereira, Cláudia Marques Gonçalves Simeão, Benito Drummond de Camargo Penayo Júnior, Antoniel Silva Fernandes and Luisa Cunha Cota  Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio): Mario Douglas Fortini de Oliveira, Aristides Salgado Guimarães Neto, Flávio Lúcio Braga Cerezo  Institute for Integrated Development of Minas Gerais (INDI): Fábio de Oliveira Alves  State Institute for Forests of Minas Gerais (IEF-MG): Adriana Araújo Ramos, Henry Collet, Paulo Sheid and Rodrigo Belo.  Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management: (IGAM) Maria de Fátima Chagas and Regina Pimenta Assunção  Prístino Institute: Flávio Fonseca do Carmo and Luciana Hiromi Yoshino Kamino  Biotrópicos Institute: Alexsander Araujo Azevedo  Department of Public Prosecution of Minas Gerais (MPMG): Dr. Marcos Paulo Souza Miranda  Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG): Captain Brito, Sergeant Warley and Major Valter (CORPAER)  Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas): Prof. Miguel Ângelo Andrade; André Rocha Franco, Alex Souza Braga, Well Brito; Interns: Felipe H. Datto Liberato; Danielle Ornelas; Gabriela P. Alves; Rafael Viana; Sofia Pimenta  Municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro: Sandro Lage and Ricardo Guerra  RAN: Hugo Bonfim de Arruda Pinto, Ieda Bataus, Vera Ferreira Luz, Vivian Uhlig  Representative of Traditional Peoples: Ailton Krenak  The Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve (RBMA): Clayton Ferreira Lino  State Secretariat for Agrarian Development: Pedro de Freitas Moreira  State Department of Education: Inês Tourino Teixeira  State Department of Environment and Sustainable Sevelopment (Semad): Clair José Benfica, Mariana Antunes Pimenta, Leonardo Vieira  State Department of Labor and Social Development: Amanda Siqueira Carvalho  Mineral Industry Union of Minas Gerais (SINDIEXTRA): Breno Reis Versiani de Mendonça, Christiane Malheiros, Thais Rego de Oliveira vi

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)  Federal University of Goiás (UFG): Arielle Arantes, Fernando Moreira de Araújo  Federal University of Minas Gerais – Groups: GIPE - Prof. Bernardo Gontijo, Raoni Araujo Ferreira, Solano Braga; GESTA – Prof. Andréa Zhouri; Prof. Geraldo Wilson Fernandes  Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM): Profa. Maíra Figueiredo Goulart HOW TO CITE THIS DOCUMENT: ANDRADE, Miguel Ângelo; MARTINS, Cássio Soares; DOMINGUES, Sergio Augusto (Org.), et al. Primeira Revisão Periódica da Reserva da Biosfera da Serra do Espinhaço. Reserva da Biosfera da Serra do Espinhaço, MaBUNESCO. Belo Hozizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. 2015.

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SUMMARY

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... 10 LIST OF IMAGES ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................ 17 PART I: SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 PART II: PERIODIC REVIEW REPORT ............................................................................................................................ 27 1. BIOSPHERE RESERVE: ................................................................................................................................................................. 27 1.1 Year designated: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27 1.2 Year of first periodic review and of any following periodic review(s) (when appropriate): ......................................... 27 1.3 Follow-up actions taken in response to each recommendation from the previous periodic review(s) (if applicable), and if not completed/initiated, please provide justifications. ........................................................................................................... 27 1.4 Other observations or comments on the above. ................................................................................................................. 27 1.5 Describe in detail the process by which the current periodic review has been conducted:........................................... 27 2. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS ............................................. 30 2.1 Brief summary overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 2.2 Updated background information about the Biosphere Reserve. ...................................................................................... 31 2.3 The authority/authorities in charge of coordinating/managing the Biosphere Reserve:.................................................. 41 2.4 Comment on the following matters of special interest in regard to this Biosphere Reserve.......................................... 71 3. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES................................................................................................................................................................ 90 3.1 If possible, provide an update in the ecosystem services provided by each ecosystem of the Biosphere Reserve and the beneficiaries of these services. .............................................................................................................................................. 90 3.2 Specify if there are any changes regarding the indicators of ecosystem services that are being used to evaluate the three functions (conservation, development and logistic) of the Biosphere Reserve. If yes, which ones and give details and update............................................................................................................................................................................................. 91 3.3 Update description on biodiversity involved in the provision of ecosystems services in the Biosphere Reserve (e.g. species or groups of species involved). ....................................................................................................................................... 92 3.4 Specify whether any recent/updated ecosystem services assessment has been done for the Biosphere Reserve since its nomination/last report. If yes, please specify and indicate if and how this is being used in the management plan........ 94 4 THE CONSERVATION FUNCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 107 4.1 Significant changes (if any) in the main habitat types, ecosystems, species or varieties of traditional or economic importance identified for the Biosphere Reserve, including natural processes or events, main human impacts, and/or relevant management practices (since the last report). ......................................................................................................... 107 4.2 Describe the main conservation programmes that have been conducted in the Biosphere Reserve over the past ten years as well as current on-going ones. ................................................................................................................................... 126 4.3 In what ways are conservation activities linked to, or integrated with, sustainable development issues (e.g. stewardship for conservation on private lands used for other purposes)? ................................................................................................. 134 4.4 How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied? ......................................................................... 141 4.5 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the successes of conservation efforts in the entire Biosphere Reserve? .................................................................................................................................................................... 147 4.6 Other comments/observations from a Biosphere Reserve perspective. ........................................................................ 148 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 160 5. THE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 161 5.1 1Briefly describe the prevailing trends over the past decade in each main sector of the economic base of the Biosphere Reserve ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 161 5.2 Describe the tourism industry in the Biosphere Reserve. Has tourism increased or decreased since nomination or the last periodic review? ................................................................................................................................................................. 164 5.3 When applicable, describe other key sectors and uses such as agriculture, fishing, forestry. Have they increased or decreased since the nomination or the last periodic review? ............................................................................................... 180 5.4. How do economic activities in the biosphere benefit local communities? ................................................................... 181 5.5. How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied? ........................................................................ 206

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 5.6. Community economic development initiatives. What programmes exist to promote comprehensive strategies for economic innovation, change, and adaptation within the Biosphere Reserve, and to what extent are they implemented? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 206 5.7. Local business or other economic development initiatives. Are there specific “green” alternatives being undertaken to address sustainability issues? What relationships (if any) are there among these different activities? ......................... 208 5.8 Describe the main changes (if there are any) in terms of cultural values (religious, historical, political, social, ethnological) and others, if possible with distinction between material and intangible heritage. ...................................... 214 5.9 Community support facilities and services. ....................................................................................................................... 215 5.10 What indicators are in place to assess the effectiveness of activities aiming to foster sustainable development? What have these indicators shown?.................................................................................................................................................... 217 5.11 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the success of development efforts in the entire Biosphere Reserve? Given the experiences and lessons learned in the past ten years, what new strategies or approaches will be most effective? .............................................................................................................................................................. 218 6 THE LOGISTIC FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 220 6.1 Describe the main institutions conducting research or monitoring in the Biosphere Reserve, and their programmes. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 221 6.2 Summarize the main themes of research and monitoring undertaken over the past ten years and the area(s) in which they were undertaken in order to address specific questions related to Biosphere Reserve management and for the implementation of the management plan ................................................................................................................................. 224 6.3 Describe how traditional and local knowledge and knowledge from relating to management practices have been collected, synthesized and disseminated. Explain how such knowledge is being applied to new management practices, and how and if it has been integrated into training and educational programmes. .................................................................... 225 6.4 Environmental/sustainability education. ............................................................................................................................ 226 6.5 How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied? ......................................................................... 229 6.6 Describe how the Biosphere Reserve currently contributes to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves and/or could do so in the future....................................................................................................................................................................... 232 6.7 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the success of activities contributing to the logistic support function? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 238 6.8 Other comments/observations from a Biosphere Reserve perspective. ........................................................................ 242 7 GOVERNANCE, BIOSPHERE RESERVE MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION ......................................................... 244 7.1 What are the technical and logistical resources for the coordination of the Biosphere Reserve? .............................. 244 7.2 What is the overall framework for governance in the area of the Biosphere Reserve? Identify the main components and their contributions to the Biosphere Reserve. ................................................................................................................... 246 7.3 Describe social impact assessments or similar tools and guidelines used to support indigenous and local rights and cultural initiatives ....................................................................................................................................................................... 250 7.4 What (if any) are the main conflicts relating to the Biosphere Reserve and what solutions have been implemented? ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 251 7.5 Updated information about the representation and consultation of local communities and their participation in the life of the Biosphere Reserve: .......................................................................................................................................................... 265 7.6 Update on management and coordination structure: ....................................................................................................... 268 7.7 Update on the management/cooperation plan/policy: .................................................................................................... 272 8. CRITERIA AND PROGRESS MADE ........................................................................................................................................ 280 9 SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS: ................................................................................................................................................... 288 10 ADRESSES .................................................................................................................................................................................. 292 10.1 Contact address of the proposed Biosphere Reserve: ................................................................................................... 292 10.2 Administering entity of the core area(s): ........................................................................................................................ 292 10.3 Administering entity of the buffer zone(s): ..................................................................................................................... 293 10.4 Administering entity of the transition area(s): ................................................................................................................ 293

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACELN- Ecological Cultural Association of the Lagoa do Nado ACER - Association of Hikers of the Royal Road ACMINAS – Minas Gerais Commercial Association AMAS – BH - Municipal Social Assistance Association of Belo Horizonte AMDA – Minas Gerais Association of Environmental Protection APA SUL RMBH – Environmental Protection South Area of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte APE - Special Protection Area APHAA-BV - Association of Historical, Artistic and Environmental Heritage of Belo Vale APL – Local Productive Arrangement APP – Permanent Preservation Area ASPA - Parauninha Community Association BHTEC - Technological Park of Belo Horizonte BIC Junior - Junior Scientific Initiation Scholarship BM- Model Forest BPW International – International Federation of Business and Professional Women BR - Brazil CAR - Rural Environmental Registry CC - Commitment Met CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CEDEFES – Eloy Ferreira da Silva Documentation Center CEFET-MG – Federal Center for Technology Education CEMIG – Minas Gerais Energy Company CEPAM – Special Coordination of Public Policies for Women CEPCT-MG – State Commission for the Development of Traditional Peoples and Communities of Minas Gerais CERBAC – State Committee of the Biosphere Reserve of the Central Amazon CERBSE – State Committee of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve CERH – State Council for Water Resources CFEM – Financial Compensation for the Exploitation of Mineral Resources CI- Brazil - International Conservation Brazil CIEMG - Industrial and Business Center of Minas Gerais CIMOS/MPMG - Coordination of Social Inclusion and Mobilization of the Department of Public Prosecution of the State of Minas Gerais CISAL- Integration Center for Environmental Sustainability CMRR - Mining Center of Reference in Waste CNCFlora - National Center for the Conservation of Flora CNPq - National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNSA/SGPA - National Registry of Archeological Sites/Archaeological Heritage Management System COBRAMAB - Brazilian Commission for the "Man and the Biosphere" Programme CODEMA - Municipal Council of Environmental Protection COMBIO – Minas Gerais Congress of Biodiversity COMUNA S.A. – Community Santo Antônio de Belo Horizonte CONEI-SP – Information Technology State Council of São Paulo COP21 - The United Nations Climate Change Conference COPAM – Environmental Policy Council CPCDMG - Popular Center for Culture and Development of Minas Gerais CPRM - Company for Research of Mineral Resources (Geological Service of Brazil) CR - Critically endangered CRA – Board of Natural resources, Environmental Sciences and Technologies CRER - Religious Path of the Royal Road CSN – National Steel Company 10

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) DD - Data deficient DDCF/IEF-MG – Department of Forest Development and Conservation for the State of Minas Gerais DEA-MMA - Environmental Education Department of the Ministry of Environment DF- Formalized Decision DIAP/IEF-MG – Board of Protected Areas of the Minas Gerais State Institute of Forests DIPUC - Participatory Diagnosis of Conservation Units DNPM – National Department of Mineral Production DRENURBS/PBH - Environmental Recovery Program of the Municipality of Belo Horizonte EBA - Endemic Bird Areas EMATER/MG – Company for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension of the State of Minas Gerais EN - Endangered ER - Royal Road ESEC - Ecological Station FAEMG - Federation of Agriculture and Livestock of the State of Minas Gerais FAESA – Espírito-Santenses Integrated Colleges FAFICH – UFMG – College of Philosophy and Human Sciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais Fapemig – Foundation for Support to Research in the State of Minas Gerais FEAM – State Foundation of the Environment FHIDRO/MG – Fund for Recovery, Protection and Sustainable Development of River Basins of the State of Minas Gerais FIEMG – Federation of Industries of Minas Gerais FIPE - Economic Research Institute Foundation FLO - Forest FLOE - State Forest FTP - Task Force Against Fires FUMCULT – Municipal Foundation of Culture, Leisure and Tourism FUNAI - National Indigenous Foundation FUNIVALE – Pro-Foundation University Association of the Jequitinhonha Valley GHG - Greenhouse Gases (GEE) GESTA/UFMG - Thematic Environmental Study Group of the Federal University of Minas Gerais GIPE - Integrated Group of Espinhaço Range Research GT - Working Group Ha – Hectare IABS – Brazilian Institute for Development and Sustainability IBAMA – Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources IberoMaB - Network of Biosphere Reserves of the Ibero-American countries IBGE – Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics IBIO - Bioatlântica Institute ICC – International Coordinating Council ICEC – Institute of Citizenship, Education and Culture IDMBio – Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation ICMS – Value Added Tax on Services and Circulation of Goods IDH - Human Development Index (HDI) IDHM - Municipal Human Development Index IEF-MG – Minas Gerais State Institute of Forests IEL - Euvaldo Lodi Institute IEPHA-MG – Minas Gerais State Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage IER – Royal Road Institute IG – Geographical Indication IGAM – Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management II – Implementation Started IMRS – Minas Gerais Index of Social Responsibility IMV – Green Corn Institute INCRA - National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform 11

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) INDI-MG – Institute for Integrated Development of Minas Gerais INPE - National Institute for Space Research INPI – National Institute of Industrial Property IPHAN – Institute of the National Historic and Artistic Heritage IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature JQ – Jequitinhonha LC – Least concern LCC-UFMG - Scientific Computing Laboratory of the Federal University of Minas Gerais MAB – Man and the Biosphere Programme MCTI/FNDCT- National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation MEC/SESu - Secretary of Higher Education, Ministry of Education MG - Minas Gerais MMA - Ministry of Environment MN – Natural Monument MONA – Natural Monument MPE – State Department of Public Prosecution MPF - Federal Department of Public Prosecution MPMG - Department of Public Prosecution of Minas Gerais MRS - Southeast Regional Network MST – Landless Movement NBR- Novos Brasis NT- Near threatened NG- Managing Nucleus NISP - National Industrial Symbiosis Programme – OI - Operation Started NGO - Non-Governmental Organization UN - United Nations OSCIP – Civil Society Organization of Public Interest PAN - National Action Plan PAR - Park PARNA - National Park PCH – Small Hydropower Station PDDI-RMBH – Integrated Development Master Plan of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte PE - State Park PEIEx - Industrial Export Extension Project PEPB - State Plan of Biodiversity Protection GDP – Gross Domestic Product PIBID – Institutional Program for Scholarships of Introduction to Teaching PMC - Competitiveness Improvement Plans PMSI - Mining Program of Industrial Symbiosis PPAG - Pluriannual Plan of Governmental Action PROEX PUC Minas – Dean Office of Extension of the Pontiff Catholic University of Minas Gerais PROEX/UFMG – Dean Office of Extension of the Federal University of Minas Gerais PROMATA – Project of Protection of the Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais PRONABIO - National Biological Diversity Program PRONATEC – National Program of Access to Technical Education and Employment PUC Minas – Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais RAIS – Annual Social Information RB – Biosphere Reserve RBAC – Biosphere Reserve of Central Amazon REBIO – Biological Reserve RIABM – Ibero-American Network of Model Forests RIBM – International Model Forests Network 12

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) RJ - Rio de Janeiro RPPN – Private Reserve of the Natural Heritage S.A. - Joint-Stock Company SEAPA – State Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply SEBRAE – Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Companies SECT- MG – State Department of Science, Technology and Higher Education of Minas Gerais SEDVAN – Extraordinary State Department for the Development of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha, Mucuri and North of Minas Gerais SEGRH - State System for the Management of Water Resources SEMAD – State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development SENAI – National Service of Industrial Learning SERVAS – Voluntary Service of Social Work SESI – Industry Social Service SETUR-MG – State Department of Tourism for Minas Gerais SIBR- Integrated System of Waste Bag SINDIEXTRA-MG - Mineral Industry Union of the State of Minas Gerais SISEMA – State Environmental System SISNAMA – National Environmental System SLU/PBH - Supervision of Urban Cleaning of the City of Belo Horizonte SME - Municipal Department of Education SNUC – National System of Conservation Units TAC – Conduct Adjustment Term TEEB - The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity UC - Conservation Unit UFOP – Federal University of Ouro Preto UFV – Federal University of Viçosa UFVJM – Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNNE- Universidad Nacional del Nordeste USP – University of São Paulo UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator VU - Vulnerable WGS - World Geodetic System WWF - World Wide Fund for Nature ZEE – Ecologic Economic Zoning ZN - Core Area

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

LIST OF IMAGES IMAGE 1: THE ECONOMIC ISSUE WAS ESPECIALLY REMARKABLE IN 10 YEARS OF EXISTENCE OF THE RBSE. ................ 30 IMAGE 2: ZONING OF RBSE (2015). ................................................................................................................................................. 32 IMAGE 3: MAP OF RBSE AREA HYPSOMETRY (2015). ................................................................................................................... 33 IMAGE 4: MAP OF RBSE HYPSOMETRY AND ZONING (2015). ................................................................................................... 34 IMAGE 5: CULTURAL GOODS (LISTED AND REGISTERED) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ................... 51 IMAGE 6: SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO BOOK COVER ........................................................................................................................... 57 IMAGE 7: FOLDER COVER RANGE RIDGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE................................................................................................... 57 IMAGE 8: THE COVER OF TWO EDITIONS OF THE BOOK "PARAUNINHA: BETWEEN MOUNTAINS AND WATERS, WITH PEOPLE" (1ST EDITION, 2013; 2ND EDITION, 2015) ........................................................................................................... 58 IMAGE 9: POSTER OF THE MEETING OF ESPINHAÇO PEOPLE/2013 ........................................................................................ 61 IMAGE 10: COVER OF THE FOLDER THE PROJECT CARAVAN OF SCIENCE: KNOWING THE ESPINHAÇO RIDGE BIODIVERSITY................................................................................................................................................................................ 61 IMAGE 11: MAP OF THE TRADITIONAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN 2015. ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 66 IMAGE 12: MANAGEMENT PANEL WITH THE RESULTS AFTER THE THIRD MEETING OF MONITORING THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION IN THE SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO .............................................................................................................................................................. 73 IMAGE 13: SPACE INSERTION OF URBAN CENTERS SURVEYED IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: KNEGT; MOSS, 2014). .............. 77 IMAGE 14: CONSERVATION UNITS PRESENT IN THE RBSE - DETAILS OF THE CREATION OF UCS PER YEAR. ................... 80 IMAGE 15: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WQI RANGES IN THE ESPINHAÇO RIDGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2005 TO 2014. ............................................................................................................................................................................ 82 IMAGE 16: RBSE CONNECTION WITH OTHER RESERVES CONSIDERING THE COUNTRIES. .................................................. 84 IMAGE 17: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WQI RANGES AT THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2005 TO. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 97 IMAGE 18: PERCENTAGE OF VIOLATIONS FOR THE RBSE PARAMETERS IN 2005 AND 2014. ............................................ 98 IMAGE 19: SPATIALIZATION OF BURNED SCARS (MCD45A1) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2002 TO 2011. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 101 IMAGE 20: SPATIALIZATION OF BURNED AREAS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2002 TO 2011. ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 102 IMAGE 21: DISTRIBUTION OF BURNED AREAS (2002-2011) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE ACCORDING TO THE CLASSES OF LAND USE AND NATURAL VEGETATION. ............................................................. 103 IMAGE 22: DISTRIBUTION OF BURNED AREAS AT THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (2002 TO 2011) IN RELATION TO CLASSES OF COVERAGE AND LAND USE. ................................................................................................ 104 IMAGE 23: RECURRENCE OF BURNED AREAS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FOR 2011. ................. 105 IMAGE 24: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE AVAILABLE PLANNING UNITS (NOT PRESERVED) AND THE PROTECTED AREAS CONSIDERED IN 2005. ............................................................................................................................................... 110 IMAGE 25: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES OF VERTEBRATES (MAMMALS, BIRDS, REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS AND FISH), INVERTEBRATES AND SUPERIOR VASCULAR PLANTS CONSIDERED AS CONSERVATION TARGETS. .................................................................................................................................................................................... 113 IMAGE 26: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS ASSESSED AS CONSERVATION TARGETS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE. ............................................................................................................................... 114 IMAGE 27: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF DENSITY OF SOURCES CONSIDERED AS CONSERVATION OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE. ................................................................................................................. 115 IMAGE 28: SET OF VARIABLES USED AS POSITIVE CONSERVATION COSTS TO INCREASE EFFORTS TO BE UNDERTAKEN TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF THE RBSE REGION. .......................................................................................... 117 IMAGE 29: SET OF VARIABLES USED AS COST OF POSITIVE CONSERVATION FOR CONTRIBUTING TO DECREASE THE EFFORT TO BE UNDERTAKEN TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF THE RBSE REGION. ..................................... 118 IMAGE 30: CONSERVATION EFFORT MAP RESULTING FROM THE COMBINATION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE VARIABLES RELATED TO THE EFFORT BEING UNDERTAKEN TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF THE REGION OF RBSE. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 119 IMAGE 31: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE INSUBSTITUIBILIDADE OF PLANNING UNITS, REPRESENTED BY THE FREQUENCY OF SELECTION OF EACH PLANNING UNIT ALONG THE YESULATIONS PERFORMED WITH THE MARXAN PROGRAM. ............................................................................................................................................................... 120

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) IMAGE 32: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE PRIORITY AREAS FOR CONSERVATION, IDENTIFIED BY EXPERTS FROM THE GROUPING OF PLANNING UNITS. ....................................................................................................................................... 121 IMAGE 33: PROTECTED AREAS IN THE RBSE - DETAILED CREATION OF CUS PER YEAR. ..................................................... 122 IMAGE 34: CONSERVATION UNITS INSERTED IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (UNTIL 2005). .......... 123 IMAGE 35: MAGNITUDE OF WILDFIRES IN STATE CUS IN THE RBSE AREA IN 2014. ........................................................... 130 IMAGE 36: MAP OF COMPREHENSIVENESS OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST MODEL FOREST. SOURCE: RIABM ................... 132 IMAGE 37: FOCAL AREAS OF PERFORMANCE BY THE PROMATA II IN THE MODEL WOOD REGION. SOURCE: IEF (2015) ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 133 IMAGE 38: AREA OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN RELATION TO THE MOSAIC AREA. ................... 135 IMAGE 39: OVERALL AVERAGE SCORE OF THE QUALITY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION UNITS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2007 TO 2014. ........................................................................................................ 142 IMAGE 40: MONITORING SYSTEM FOR FIRE PREVENTION OF SEMAD/MG. ........................................................................ 148 IMAGE 41: LOCATING THE FERRUGINOUS GEO-SYSTEMS (RED LINES) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 150 IMAGE 42: FITOFISIONOMIAS QUE OCORREM ASSOCIADAS À HETEROGENEIDADE AMBIENTAL EM CANGAS NO QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO, PORÇÃO SUL DA RESERVA DA BIOSFERA DA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO. A) ILHAS DE VEGETAÇÃO FORMADAS POR VELLOZIA SP SOBRE EXTENSOS LAJEADOS LOCALIZADOS NA CHAPADA DE CANGA, MUNICÍPIO DE CATAS ALTAS. B) VEGETAÇÃO RUPESTRE EM CANGAS LOCALIZADAS NA SERRA DE CAPANEMA, OURO PRETO; C) VEGETAÇÃO RUPESTRE LOCALIZADA NA SERRA DA BRÍGIDA, OURO PRETO; D) VEGETAÇÃO ASSOCIADA A LAGOAS DESENVOLVIDAS EM CANGAS, CATAS ALTAS; E) VEGETAÇÃO ARBÓREA AO LONGO DE ESCARPA, PARQUE ESTADUAL DA SERRA DO ROLA MOÇA, NOVA LIMA; F) CAPÃO DE ALTITUDE LOCALIZADO NA SERRA DA MOEDA, MOEDA. ADAPTADO DE CARMO (2010)........................................................ 152 IMAGE 43: PLANTAS RARAS E ENDÊMICAS DAS CANGAS DO QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO, PORÇÃO SUL DA RESERVA DA BIOSFERA DA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO. A) MIMOSA CALODENDRON MART. EX BENTH. (FABACEAE); B) GOMESA GRACILIS (LINDL.) M.W. CHASE & N.H. WILLIANS (ORCHIDACEAE); C) SINNINGIA RUPICOLA (MART.) WIEHLER (GESNERIACEAE); D) AFLORAMENTO DE CANGA, SERRA DE GANDARELA. FOTOS: FLAVIO DO CARMO. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 153 IMAGE 44: THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS TO FERRUGINOUS GEO-SYSTEMS RESULTING FROM EXTRACTION OF IRON ORE. ABOVE: OPEN COMPLEX IN ITATIAIUÇU, IRON QUADRANGLE. BELOW: STACK DEPOSITION OF STERILE MATERIAL, NOVA LIMA. PHOTOS: FLÁVIO DO CARMO.................................................................................... 154 IMAGE 45: MINING TITLES LOCATED IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ADAPTED FROM THE GEOENVIRONMENTAL DIGITAL ATLAS, 2015. HTTP://WWW.INSTITUTOPRISTINO.ORG.BR/ATLAS/ESPINHACO ... 155 IMAGE 46: PRIORITY AREAS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE, SHOWING THE VALE DO PEIXE BRAVO, PROPOSED AREA OF EXTENSION OF THE RBSE. ................................................................................................ 157 IMAGE 47: PALAEOBURROW LOCATED IN THE VALE DO PEIXE BRAVO, NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS AND THE POSSIBLE DIGGING ANIMALS. ADAPTED FROM CARMO ET AL., 2011; BUCHMANN ET AL. (2015). ...................................... 158 IMAGE 48: ABOVE: COVER AREAS LOCATED IN RIO PARDO DE MINAS. BELOW) MORRO DO CAPIM IN THE FOREGROUND AN OUTCROPPING OF ITABIRITO, MUNICIPALITY OF RIACHO DOS MACHADOS. ADAPTED FROM CASEY ET AL. (2015). ............................................................................................................................................................... 159 IMAGE 49: DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENTS BY THE PRODUCTION CHAIN. SOURCE: INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MINAS GERAIS – INDI........................................................................................................................... 162 IMAGE 50: TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENTS BY THE PRODUCTION CHAIN. ......................... 163 IMAGE 51 - TOTAL FORMAL JOBS PER ACTIVITY IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE. ........................................................... 164 IMAGE 52: FORMAL TOURISM IN MINAS GERAIS FROM 2006 TO 2013.............................................................................. 165 IMAGE 53: AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE SECTOR OF TOURISM, 2006 TO 2013. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 165 IMAGE 54: NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN THE TOURISM SECTOR IN MINAS GERAIS: 2006 TO 2013. ............................. 166 IMAGE 55: AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR OF TOURISM IN MINAS GERAIS, FROM 2006 TO 2013. ............................................................................................................................... 166 IMAGE 56: NOMINAL AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME OF EMPLOYEES IN THE TOURISM SECTOR IN MINAS GERAIS: 2006 TO 2013. ......................................................................................................................................................................... 167 IMAGE 57: AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NUMBER OF NOMINAL INCOME OF WORKERS IN THE TOURISM SECTOR, 2006 TO 2013....................................................................................................................................... 167 IMAGE 58: TOURIST DEVELOPMENT INDUCING DESTINATIONS IN RBSE. ............................................................................. 170 IMAGE 59: THE TOURISM ECONOMY IN DIAMANTINA. ............................................................................................................ 171 IMAGE 60: THE TOURISM ECONOMY IN OURO PRETO. ........................................................................................................... 172 IMAGE 61: MAP OF THE PATHS OF THE ROYAL ROAD IN RBSE............................................................................................... 174

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) IMAGE 62: ROUTES SOLD BY THE AGENCY BETWEEN MOUNTAINS...................................................................................... 176 IMAGE 63: DESIGN OF THE PROJECT CRER. NTE: SETUR MG ................................................................................................... 177 IMAGE 64: PHOTOS OF INTERVENTIONS DEPLOYED BY THE CRER PROJECT ....................................................................... 178 IMAGE 65: RELIGIOUS PATH OF THE ROYAL ROAD (CRER) AND RBSE (2015). .................................................................... 179 IMAGE 66: EVOLUTIONARY CHART OF THE COLLECTION OF THE CEFEM IN THE RBSE MUNICIPALITIES FROM 2005 TO 2014 (SOURCE: DNPM, 2015). .............................................................................................................................................. 183 IMAGE 67: GDP OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE PER YEAR. (SOURCE: IBGE, 2005 TO 2012). ...................................... 184 IMAGE 68: THE MINING MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE VERSUS THE GDP. ............................................................................. 191 IMAGE 69: IDHM IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE (SOURCE: ATLAS BRASIL, 2000 AND 2010). ..................................... 194 IMAGE 70: IDHM OF MINING MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE. SOURCE: ATLAS BRASIL (2010). .......................................... 194 IMAGE 71: COMPARATIVE MAPS OF THE IDHM EVOLUTION IN 2000 AND 2010. ............................................................ 195 IMAGE 72: LETTER OF SOCIAL CAPABILITY IN THE RBSE AREA (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015). ........................................................ 197 IMAGE 73: MAP OF THE PRODUCTIVE COMPONENT IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015). ................................................ 199 IMAGE 74: NATURAL COMPONENT IN THE RBSE AREA (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015)...................................................................... 201 IMAGE 75: INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015). ..................................................................... 203 IMAGE 76: HUMAN COMPONENT IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015). .................................................................................. 205 IMAGE 77: DISTRIBUTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL ICMS. ............................................................................................................. 217 IMAGE 78: PRODUCTIONS AND PUBLICATIONS PERFORMED IN THE RBSE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (2005-2015), DIVIDED ACCORDING TO THE VARIABLES ESTABLISHED BY UNESCO. ......................................................................... 224 IMAGE 79: PRODUCTIONS AND PUBLICATIONS PERFORMED IN RBSE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (2005-2015), DIVIDED

BY YEAR. ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 225 IMAGE 80: LOGO OF THE INTEGRATION CENTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT AT PUC MINAS ................................................................................................................................................. 239 FIGURA 81: LOGO OF THE INTEGRATED GROUP OF RESEARCH OF THE ESPINHAÇO (GIPE)-IGC-UFMG .................... 240 IMAGE 82: EDITION I - 2015 OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE JOURNAL. ................................................................................... 241 FIGURA 83: LINK TO THE GEOENVIRONMENTAL ATLAS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE ................. 241 FIGURA 84: LOCATION OF THE CENTRAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE-INTEGRATION CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (CISAL), EUCHARISTIC HEART CAMPUS OF THE PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS. .................................................................................. 245 IMAGE 85: FLOWCHART OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN BRAZIL. ................................................................................................ 247 IMAGE 86: STRUCTURE OF THE STATE COMMITTEE OF RBSE ................................................................................................... 249 IMAGE 87: MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS EXISTING IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: GESTA, 2015) ......................................................................................................................................................... 253 IMAGE 88: TYPOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ............. 255 IMAGE 89: INSTITUTIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE STATE COMMITTEE OF RBSE IN 2006 AND 2015. ...................... 271 IMAGE 90: RBSE TIMELINE IN THE WORLD NETWORK OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES. ............................................................... 278

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

LIST OF TABLES

TABELA 1: INSTALLED COUNTERPARTS AND SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIONS IN THE RBSE. ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 TABLE 2: MEETINGS, SEMINARS AND FIELDWORK CONDUCTED DURING THE PERIODIC REVIEW PROCESS OF THE RBSE. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 TABLE 3: SOURCES OF FUNDING TO PROJECTS AND INITIATIVES PERFORMED BY THE RBSE AND ITS MANAGING COMMITTEE................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 TABLE 4: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES LOCATED IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: NATIONAL REGISTRY OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES – CNSA/SGPA OF IPHAN) .................................................................................. 52 TABLE 5: GOODS LISTED BY THE WEBSITE OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE UNTIL 2015. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56 TABLE 6: PROJECTS, PROGRAMS AND PUBLICATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN DEALING WITH THE USE OF TRADITIONAL AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RBSE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (2005-2015).................................. 62 TABLE 7: TRADITIONAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (CEDEFES, 2010; PALMARES FOUNDATION, 2015)............................................................................................................................................. 64 TABLE 8: LIST OF CULTURE SPOTS LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: MINISTRY OF CULTURE - CULTURE PORTAL VIVA, 2015). ................................................................................ 68 TABLE 9: STATE CONSERVATION UNITS WITH EXISTING COUNCIL BY-LAWS, THE CURRENT ORDINANCE, THE DATE OF POSSESSION AND ORDER OF THE REGIMENT. ..................................................................................................................... 74 TABLE 10: WOMEN BELONGING TO THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ......... 76 TABLE 11: GREEN ROOMS LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN 2015. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 88 TABLE 12: MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, 2005). ..................................... 92 TABLE 13: PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY SAMPLING STATIONS ASSESSED THE MINE WATERS PROGRAM. ........... 95 TABLE 14: NUMBER OF STATIONS IN RBSE BY SUB-BASIN, AND THOSE USED FOR THE CALCULATION OF INDEXES. ... 96 TABLE 15: THE WATER QUALITY INDEX AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE................................................................................................. 96 TABLE 16: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF TARGETS RELATED TO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE AND IN THE RBSE CLIPPING. ............................................................................................................ 111 TABLE 17: LIST OF TYPOLOGY OF ECOSYSTEMS IN RBSE CONSIDERED FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF GAPS IN THE CHAIN OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE .................................................................................................................................................. 111 TABLE 18: VARIABLES USED FOR THE DEFINITION OF COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PLANNING UNITS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE. ................................................................................................................................................................ 116 TABLE 19: PROTECTED AREAS IN THE REGION OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ................................. 124 TABLE 20: INCREMENT OF THE AREA THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UCS FROM 2005 TO 2015. ......................... 125 TABLE 21: ACTION PLANS IN THE RBSE AREA. .............................................................................................................................. 126 TABLE 22: INTERNAL BURNED AREA (IN HECTARES) IN THE PROTECTED RBSE AREAS. ......................................................... 128 TABLE 23: NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES OF FIRES IN INNER AREA IN THE CONSERVATION UNITS IN RBSE. .................. 129 TABLE 24: PROTECTED AREAS IN RBSE WITH COUNCIL BY-LAWS, CURRENT ORDINANCE, DATE OF OFFICE ADMISSION AND REGIMENTAL ORDER. ..................................................................................................................................................... 137 TABLE 25: LISTS THE PROTECTED AREAS OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE THAT HAVE OR NOT MANAGERS, AS WELL AS INFORM THE NUMBER OF SERVICE PROVIDERS. ................................................................................................................ 138 TABLE 26: STATUS OF THE MANAGEMENT PLANS OF PROTECTED AREAS OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ...................... 139 TABLE 27: INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE PROTECTED AREAS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.................. 140 TABLE 28: CONSERVATION UNITS REGISTERED FOR PURPOSES OF THE ECOLOGIC ICMS, INSERTED IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF BRAZIL, AND THEIR RESPECTIVE SCORES OF QUALITY FACTOR FROM 2007 TO 2014. ................... 142 TABLE 29: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PERMITS ISSUED PER YEAR FOR PROJECTS IN THE STATE CONSERVATION UNITS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. .......................................................................................................................... 145 TABLE 30: INVESTMENTS OF LARGE ENTERPRISES IN THE REGION OF RBSE......................................................................... 161 TABLE 31: PROJECTS STAGE OI OR CC BY RBSE MUNICIPALITY. ............................................................................................. 161 TABLE 32: TOURS IN RBSE. ................................................................................................................................................................ 169 TABLE 33: NUMBER OF FAMILY AGRICULTURE ESTABLISHMENTS IN MINAS GERAIS AND IN RBSE. ................................. 181 TABLE 34: MUNICIPALITIES COLLECTING THE CFEM (SOURCE: DNPM, 2014). DNPM, 2014). ........................................... 182 TABLE 35: TOTAL COLLECTION OF CEFEM BY RBSE MUNICIPALITIES FROM 2005 TO 2014............................................. 182

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 36: GDP OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE FROM 2005 TO 2012. (SOURCE: IBGE, 2005 TO 2012). ................. 185 TABLE 37: IDHM IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE (SOURCE: ATLAS BRASIL, 2000 AND 2010). ....................................... 191 TABLE 38: INFORMATION OF SOCIAL CAPABILITY IN THE RBSE AREA (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015). ........................................... 198 TABLE 39: PRODUCTIVE COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).............................. 200 TABLE 40: NATURAL COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015). ................................... 202 TABLE 41: INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).......................... 204 TABLE 42: HUMAN COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015). ...................................... 206 TABLE 43: IDLE OR ABANDONED MINING AREAS WITH POTENTIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. .............. 212 TABLE 44: QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES LOCATED IN RBSE. .................................................................................................... 215 TABLE 45: RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS THAT HAVE PUBLICATIONS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (2005-2015). .............................................................................................................................................. 221 TABLE 46: WORKS DEALING WITH THE INCORPORATION OF TRADITIONAL AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT THE RBSE. ............................................................................................................................ 226 TABLE 47: MAJOR INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROJECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. .......................................................................................................................... 227 TABLE 48: LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS PER MUNICIPALITY AT THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 256 TABLE 49: LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS EXISTING IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS OF MINAS GERAIS – GESTA-UFMG). ........................................ 257 TABLE 50: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS IN STATE COMMITTEE OF RBSE. ................................................................................. 265

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Foto: Miguel Andrade©

PART I: SUMMARY

19

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

PART I: SUMMARY

a) Name of the Biosphere Reserve: Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve

b) Country: Brazil – State: Minas Gerais

c) Year of designation: 2005

d) Year(s) of periodic review(s): First Periodic Review

e) Previous recommendation(s) made by the International Coordinating Council (MAB- ICC), if applicable.

Does not apply due to First Periodic Review

f) What follow-up actions are completed and if not completed/initiated, please provide justifications.

Does not apply due to First Periodic Review

g) Update on the implementation of measures to achieve the objectives of the Biosphere Reserve.

The recognition of the Espinhaço Range as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO represented a milestone for conservation in Brazil, for in addition to promoting the protection of a territory of great relevance for biodiversity, culture and water production, it meant a concrete action of prioritizing a set of integrated conservation areas that remained isolated previously. This isolation comprehends the political, scientific and geographic scopes.

- Conservation: contributing to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variability:

The Espinhaço Range represents one of the most unique portions of Brazil regarding the biogeographic aspects, not only for harboring three Brazilian biomes of high relevance to conservation (Caatinga, Cerrado and Atlantic Forest), but mainly for the connectivity among these, which is enabled by the inherent geomorphological aspects to its condition of range. The RBSE presents itself as a natural biodiversity corridor, with a high degree of endemism, especially in ecotone zones.

The recognition of the Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO promoted an expansion of the territory identity. The name "Serra do Espinhaço" earned notoriety and value in academia, in the media, Governments and the 20

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) general public. In the same line, the RBSE provided a more direct attention on the "Vegetation Fields", intensifying efforts to inventory its biodiversity and to promote actions for creating more protected areas.

The "Vegetation Fields", for its low resilience, began receiving their own status as physiognomy and greater focus on conservation strategies. As it will be presented further in this document, the "Quartz Rupestrian Fields" (item 3.3) and its entire ecological wealth gained additional importance with new evaluations, in addition to the new studies on the "Ferruginous Rupestrian Fields" (item 4.6.1).

- Development: boosting the human and economic development in a social, cultural and environmentally sustainable manner.

Tourism in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve has great prominence, creating increasingly sustainable opportunities for its development.

The privileged location of the Reserve in relation to the main locations with tourists with distances that considered reasonable for the main urban centers and the proximity of the Confins International Airport favors this activity. In addition to the landscape and historical attractions, especially in the context of the "Royal Road", the cultural manifestation through craftwork that utilizes natural raw material such as flowers, wood, rocks and minerals, leather, straw, associated with the popular arts of culinary, literature, music, dances and parties make the RBSE a territory full of meanings with an extraordinary potential for the development of sustainable tourism. On the other hand, most of the municipalities in the RBSE develop mining activity, which, in many cases is contradictory when associated to tourism.

Boosting the economic and human development in a social, cultural and environmentally sustainable manner has been undoubtedly the greatest challenge, requiring much effort and commitment by its Managing Committee.

With impressive geo and biodiversity in RBSE, the mining should coexist with areas endowed with these characteristics. Despite the environmental impact assessments, which allow obtaining a license so the economic endeavors follow quite strict rules defined by the Brazilian legislation, other factors should be considered.

The first factor refers to the history and profile of the region marked by a colonial process of obtaining this wealth. It is a fact that much of the mining sector have evolved and modernized, however, attention should still be given to ensure the conservation of watersheds, biodiversity, traditional culture and human rights.

Another factor is the demand imposed by the international market for metallic minerals, with great emphasis on iron ore. The strong valuation of this commodity in the first 7 years after the creation of the RBSE triggered an overexploitation in the territory. Even the deposits with low iron content became viable.

The consequences are observed from the acceleration of the licenses with fragile conditions and environmental compensation to the population explosion and social problems. There has been a great amount of protest on mineral extraction processes in relation to environmental degradation. In addition, there have been increasingly frequent questions of community movements about the real social benefits generated by the mining activity, mainly for local populations where the mines are operated. In this scenario, the Managing Committee has been building paths for possible solutions and agreements, guided by the social dialogue involving the premises of the cooperatively integrated groups.

21

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Logistics: support for demonstration projects; environmental education and training; research and monitoring related to local, regional, national demands, global conservation and sustainable development An interesting finding refers to a new scientific interpretation provided by the RBSE. The researchers, mainly in the biotic area, began to recognize the Espinhaço Range entirely.

According to data to be presented in this document, before the recognition of the RBSE, the scientific researches that dealt with one of the mountains in the Espinhaço Range, such as the "Serra do Cipó", the "Serra da Moeda", the "Serra do Caraça", the "Serra do Rola-Moça", the "Serra do Intendente", the "Serra do Cabral", among others, were mostly an isolated panorama of information. Starting in 2005, even with specific interests in one of these locations, the researchers mentioned a broader, integrated context of the territory as a whole. This practice was also observed in the management of Conservation Units of Total Protection (core areas of RBSE). Management Plans also take into consideration all the features of the massif of the Espinhaço Range in the context of local actions. This new approach has allowed the sum of the efforts, the synergy and cooperation by means of a systemic vision.

With the approval of the Plan of Action of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, representatives of institutions of various sectors in the territory are now able to build complementary strategies, although the nature of their activities is distinct. From this new paradigm the RBSE has been providing opportunities for joint work among local, state and federal Governments, NGOs, universities, the productive sector and local communities. h) Briefly describe the process by which the current periodic review has been conducted: This process took place officially through the direct participation of the institutions composing the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, in addition to broad consultation for data collection and analysis in cooperation with several institutions and governmental sectors, non-governmental organizations, businesses, universities and research centers.

It is important to note that, by the fact that there is continuous evaluation and review of the Action Plan of the State Committee, the critical assessment of ongoing actions and data collection for the formulation of the presented summaries facilitated the process of periodic review.

Accordingly, there was structured a work plan for the preparation of this review document, which began in March 2015, after the election of the new composition of the Coordination Committee of the RBSE. The actions followed with data collection with views to the UNESCO form items, especially for teams and working groups dealing with institutional articulation, management, conservation, development, images, remote sensing and geoprocessing (production of maps), as it is also stated in the action plan of the aforementioned Committee. During the process, there were produced four technical seminars for analysis and validation of data for the composition of the summaries presented in this report.

The coordination of the work was conducted by the Coordination, Vice-Coordination and Executive Secretariat of State Committee of RBSE. i) Area and spatial configuration: 22

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

ZONING TOTAL LAND SURFACE OF CORE AREAS BUFFER ZONE OR BUFFER TRANSITION AREA (PERMANENT) TOTAL

IN 2005

INM 2015

(Hectares)

(Hectares)

261.085,33

322.040,20

2.651.633,50

2.170.513,80

916.947

718.349,3

3.829.665,83

3.210.903,3

Important note: in the stage of updating the cartographic bases of the core zones, transition zone and buffer, there were some disagreements regarding the coverage area and there was the need to redo and fix them, for it was noticed that in relation to the buffer and transition zone there was duplication in the extension of these areas and the resulting overlap between them, which resulted in wrong sizes for both.

As for the core and buffer areas, the same effect was observed since the value of both areas was duplicated when performing the general calculation of the RBSE area. Therefore, it was necessary to rework of these three areas, so each area touches its adjacent area without overriding any zone, as noted earlier, resulting in a more accurate and appropriate calculation that apparently features a lower extension of the reserve area in comparison to the 2005 version. It should be noted that the RBSE boundaries were not changed and so its extension remains unchanged.

j) Human population of the Biosphere Reserve:

HUMAN POPULATION OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

When the recognition was made

Currently

4.874.503

5.138.124 Source: Demographic Census, IBGE 2000 (Including the head offices of the 94 municipalities)

k) Budget (main sources of funds, special capital funds) and international, regional or national relevant projects/initiatives carried out or planned.

TABELA 1: INSTALLED COUNTERPARTS AND SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIONS IN THE RBSE.

Financing

Discrimination

Sources SEMAD – IEF (State Government) and SECTES (State Government)

•

Technical support

Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas)

• • •

Infrastructure of the Managing Committee Equipment Human resources.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) •

Technical support.

Ecological Cultural Association Lagoa do Nado

• • •

Human resources Digital communication.

Technical support.

Biodiversitas Foundation, Nucleus of Indigenous Culture, Cidade Institute.

• •

Human resources.

Technical support

SINDIEXTRA

•

Resources for events.

Biotrópicos Institute

•

Study on the Mosaic of Conservation Units.

Prístino Institute and Department of Public Prosecution of Minas Gerais

•

Resources for database – Geoenvironmental Atlas

l) International, regional, multilateral or bilateral framework of cooperation. Describe, where applicable, the contribution of the Biosphere Reserve to achieve objectives and developing mechanisms that contribute to the implementation of international or regional bilateral or multilateral agreements, conventions, etc.

Contributions of the RBSE for the realization and participation of international events performed in the framework of the MaB – UNESCO Programme, in chronological order: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Tourism: 2006 – International Seminar: The Biosphere Reserves as a tool for sustainable development in mountain areas. Potential conflicts and alternatives – September 11 to 13 Buenos Aires, organized by the Department of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Headquarters of Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Argentina and UNESCO. World Network: 2008 - 3rd World Congress of Biosphere Reserves and 20th Session of the International Co-ordinating Council (ICC) of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme Madrid, Spain, February 4-9. The Madrid Action Plan.

Exotic Species: 2008 – Publication: Invasive Exotic Species in the Biosphere Reserves of Latin America and the Caribbean. A technical report to foster exchange of experiences among the Biosphere Reserves and promote effective management of biological invasions. UNESCO, Montevideo. Editors: Elke Schüttler and Claudia Santiago Karez.

Successful experiences: 2009-International Seminar of Latin American and Brazilian Biosphere Reserves: "Successful Experiences in Conservation, Sustainable Development, Knowledge and Participatory Management", held from December 11 to 14 in Fortaleza and Crateús, state of Ceará.

Ecosystem Services: 2010 - International Seminar on Biosphere Reserves, Environmental Services and Sustainability Indicators. April 14 to 17 - Held in the city of Ouro Preto, in Minas Gerais – Brazil by the RBSE Committee. Event proposed as the milestone of activities of the Biodiversity International Year in 2010. Declaration of Ouro Preto.

Iberian-MaB Network: 2010 - Declaration of Puerto Morelos, Mexico. -1st Ibero-American Conference of Biosphere Reserves – November 9 to 13. Held in Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Declaration of Puerto Morelos, Mexico.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

GT Mining: 2011 – Construction of the GT international on Mining in Biosphere Reserves through participation in Paris - Biosphere Reserves & Earth Resources Expert Meeting UNESCO Headquarters, Miollis Room XIV, Paris, February 15, 2011.

Economic Instruments for Environmental Management: 2011 – Publication: Economic Instruments for Environmental Management in the Biosphere Reserve of the Espinhaço Range Sérgio Augusto Domingues, Claudia Santiago Karez, Isabella Virginia Freire Biondini and Miguel Ângelo Andrade-SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PROGRAMME – WORKING PAPERS – No. 43.

Economic instruments for Environmental Management: 2012 – Publication: World of Science (Vol. 10, no. 1 - January–March 2012) - "Putting a price on conservation" - A World of Science Vol 10 N°1.

GT Mining: 2013 - Organization of the International Workshop on Mining and Social and Environmental Sustainability in Biosphere Reserves – March 18 to 20 - exchange and integration of good mining practices related to the sustainable use, conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Biosphere Reserves. Event proposed as a landmark of the United Nations International Year for Cooperation through Water. Held in the city of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais - Brazil by the RBSE Committee.

GT Mining: 2014 and 2015 – Preparation of the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mining and Social and Environmental Sustainability in Biosphere Reserves.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Foto: Miguel Andrade©

PART II: PERIODIC REVIEW REPORT

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

PART II: PERIODIC REVIEW REPORT 1. BIOSPHERE RESERVE:

1.1 Year designated: 2005

1.2 Year of first periodic review and of any following periodic review(s) (when appropriate): First Periodic Review performed in 2015.

1.3 Follow-up actions taken in response to each recommendation from the previous periodic review(s) (if applicable), and if not completed/initiated, please provide justifications.

Does not apply, for being the first Periodic Review of this Biosphere Reserve.

1.4 Other observations or comments on the above.

Does not apply, for being the first Periodic Review of this Biosphere Reserve.

1.5 Describe in detail the process by which the current periodic review has been conducted:

1.5.1 Which stakeholders were involved?

This process took place officially through the direct participation of institutions composing the State Committee of RBSE in addition to broad consultation for data collection and analysis in cooperation with several institutions and governmental sectors, non-governmental organizations, educational and research institutions, in particular universities and research centers.

In workshop held by the State Committee of the Biosphere Reserve, six Working Groups were created, respecting the profile of each institution. From the questioning and discussion of items from the Periodic Review, the reference case studies cited by UNESCO and the ability of data integration, the participants signed the cooperation agreement for the preparation of the review.

Therefore, a Working Plans was structured for the preparation of this review document, which started in May 2015, after the election of the new composition of the RBSE Managing Committee. The actions followed this form, with the emphasis on teams and working groups dealing with institutional articulation, management, conservation, development, images, remote sensing and geoprocessing (production of maps), as it is also stated in the action plan of the aforementioned Committee.

During the process, technical seminars were produced and presented for data analysis and validation and later, composition of the summaries presented in this report.

27

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The coordination of the works was conducted by the Coordination, Vice-Coordination and Executive Secretariat of the RBSE State Committee with direct support from institutions composing the State Committee, as well as other entities incorporated in this procedure.

1.5.2 What methodology was used to involve stakeholders in the process (e.g., workshops, meetings, consultation with experts).

The methodology used for this Periodic Review is summed up in: - Planning Meetings; - Identification of strategic actors; - Sending e-mail correspondence for data collection; - Seminars for alignment of summaries; - Field work, on the ground and with specific flights; - Organization of data and completion of the Report; - Meeting with the Department of Biodiversity and Forests, COBRAMAB at the Ministry of Environment on September 10, 2015, with delivery of the final version in Portuguese.

- Translation of the text into the English language and submission to UNESCO-MaB.

1.5.3 How many meetings, workshops, etc. occurred throughout the process of conducting this review?

TABLE 2: MEETINGS, SEMINARS AND FIELDWORK CONDUCTED DURING THE PERIODIC REVIEW PROCESS OF THE RBSE.

Meetings

Seminars

Fieldwork (field verification, flights)

18

4

6 flight hours and 3 field work Note: work performed from April to September 2015.

1.5.4 Were they well attended, with full and balanced representation?

(Describe participation and stakeholders).

We understand that, as at the moment of recognition of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve, this process was expanded and built comprehensively and multilaterally with different stakeholders of the organized society, expanding so the process of dissemination and insertion of new strategic actors.

We take this Periodic Review as an excellent opportunity for institutional articulation and the strengthening between actions and actors in the territory of RBSE. We highlight the active participation of the members of the RBSE State Committee, with the commitment and direct and continuous co-responsibilities in this process.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

2. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Foto: Miguel Andrade©

DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS

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ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

2. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE DURING THE PAST TEN YEARS 2.1 Brief summary overview

The economic issue was especially remarkable in 10 years of existence of the RBSE.

$200,00 $180,00 $160,00 $140,00 $120,00 $100,00 $80,00 $60,00 $40,00 $20,00 $-

172,47

187,18 154,64

126,36 60,8 36,63

80,71

99,47 51,15

set/05 fev/06 jul/06 dez/06 mai/07 out/07 mar/08 ago/08 jan/09 jun/09 nov/09 abr/10 set/10 fev/11 jul/11 dez/11 mai/12 out/12 mar/13 ago/13 jan/14 jun/14 nov/14 abr/15 set/15

US dollars per dry metric ton

With a mineral-based economy, the industry experienced a never before seen upsurge of growth. This scenario reflected mainly by China's demand for iron ore. The following chart shows the variation of the price of the iron ore ton and clearly illustrates the economic environment in one of the biggest mining provinces of planet Earth.

IMAGE 1: The economic issue was especially remarkable in 10 years of existence of the RBSE.

SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.INDEXMUNDI.COM/PT/PRE%E7OS-DE-MERCADO/?MERCADORIA=MIN%C3%A9RIO-DE-FERRO&MESES=120

With a mineral-based economy, the industry experienced a never before seen upsurge of growth. This scenario reflected mainly by China's demand for iron ore. The following chart shows the variation of the price of the iron ore ton and clearly illustrates the economic environment in one of the biggest mining provinces of planet Earth.

The large mining enterprises are concentrated in the Iron Quadrangle and with the increase in demand and market value of iron ore, billion-dollar operations were started in the Quadrangle and in other regions of the Espinhaรงo Range.

In 2011, the RBSE participated in the "Biosphere Reserves & Earth Resources Expert Meeting" at UNESCO in Paris, which triggered the creation of a Working Group on the topic.

In 2013, the "International Workshop on Mining and Social and Environmental Sustainability in Biosphere Reserves" was performed in Brazil as a continuation of the debate. The purpose has been the creation of a channel of regular dialogue between the Committees of Biosphere Reserves and the mining sector. In this sense, the results are promising, even if still at an experimental scale.

In the last 3 years, the iron ore price has had a sharp decline, casting doubt on the very feasibility of the investments and the promised economic benefits to local populations. In this context, it is essential that municipal governments have a perfect understanding of the mineral cycle until their exhaustion, in order to make plans for the future while avoiding the concentration of the local economy in a single activity.

30

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The involvement of researchers with the Espinhaço Range followed the economic picture at a time when the demand for more information was a requirement of the governmental offices of environmental licensing and especially social movements organized for the defense of the environmental and cultural heritage of the "Mountains and Waters" of the Espinhaço Ridge.

The results of the scientific research heavily subsidized public opinion and, for each major project, there was a group of social mobilization of resistance against the mining. Among them, two cases marked this type of conflict: the movement in the Serra da Gandarela in the Iron Quadrangle and the movement in Conceição do Mato Dentro, in the Southern Espinhaço. In both cases, the licenses were obtained by companies, but between constraints and environmental compensations, the creation of Conservation Units is realized as a demand of the society itself.

Scientific researches have become the subject of "ecosystem services" that are more visible. This evidence still needs to gain strength and influence the public policies for the region to a greater degree. In 2010, the RBSE organized the "International Seminar on Biosphere Reserves, Environmental Services and Sustainability Indicators". This event was proposed as the milestone of activities of the Biodiversity International Year in 2010, and culminated with "Declaration of Ouro Preto". The event included 115 participants, 10 countries, 62 institutions and 18 speakers.

The RBSE and its Managing Committee must broaden those discussions and promote communication among the various sectors and regions of the territory, in addition to bringing the premises and the references of the MaB-UNESCO Programme and the successful experiences of other Biosphere Reserves, as part of the database under construction.

This effort has been driven from the development of the Strategic Action Plan, whose methodology worked as a "Protocol" of communication among the participants, facilitating the organization of information and the mobilization of resources for identification of priorities, needs and opportunities.

The Action Plan was reviewed and updated by the Managing Committee in the first half of 2015. Finally, it is relevant to report the role of RBSE in the consolidation of the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves, always in partnership with the Biosphere Reserves of the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Amazon and the São Paulo Green Belt. These earlier reserves generously offered their own experiences so that the paths were easier and there were more assertive actions in 10 years of activity of the RBSE.

2.2 Updated background information about the Biosphere Reserve.

2.2.1 Updated coordinates (if applicable). If any changes in the Biosphere Reserve’s standard geographical coordinates, please provide them here (all projected under WGS 84): CARDINAL POINTS:

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

X

Y

MOST CENTRAL POINT:

18°51'58.01"S

43°32'52.37"O

652970.28

7913359.73

NORTHERNMOST POINT:

17°13'51.41"S

44°13'35.74"O

582224.37

8094731.74

SOUTHERNMOST POINT:

20°45'50.94"S

43°31'55.65"O

652805.46

7703260.13

WESTERNMOST POINT:

17°41'21.73"S

44°41'6.53"O

533389.15

8044152.99

EASTERNMOST POINT:

18°14'14.15"S

42°53'54.52"O

722213.57

7982288.42

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2.2.2 If necessary, provide an updated map on a topographic layer of the precise location and delimitation of the three zones of the Biosphere Reserve Map(s) shall be provided in both paper and electronic copies.

IMAGE 2: ZONING OF RBSE (2015).

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 3: MAP OF RBSE AREA HYPSOMETRY (2015).

33

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 4: MAP OF RBSE HYPSOMETRY AND ZONING (2015).

34

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Digital Atlas Geo-environmental of http://institutopristino.org.br/atlas/espinhaco/

Espinhaço

Range

Biosphere

Reserve:

Virtual Flight of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve – August, 2015 – Google Earth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4egm613mLPE

2.2.3 Changes in the human population of the Biosphere Reserve.

Previous report 4.874.503 - 94 municipalities

Currently 5.138.124 - 94 municipalities

HUMAN POPULATION OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE Source: Demographic census, IBGE (2000).

Source: Demographic census, IBGE (2010).

(Considering the municipal headquarters)

(Considering the municipal headquarters)

2.2.4 Update on conservation function, including main changes since last report.

As conservation function, the Espinhaço Range has been recommended as a priority area for conservation of existing natural resources.

Developed for all Brazilian biomes within the PRONABIO of the Ministry of Environment, studies have indicated more than 300 priority areas across the country. The works that showed the "Priority Actions for Biodiversity Conservation of the Cerrado and Pantanal" (MMA et al., 1999), coordinated by Funatura, Conservation International (CI) and Biodiversitas Foundation prioritize several areas in the Espinhaço Range, such as the municipality of Diamantina and the Serra do Cipó. Similarly, the "Assessment and Priority Actions for Biodiversity Conservation of the Atlantic Forest and Southern Fields" (CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL et al., 2000), coordinated by the CI, Biodiversitas Foundation and the SOS Atlantic Forest Foundation include areas of the East side of the Espinhaço Range as priorities for conservation. Among them, the region of Ouro Preto and the Serra do Caraça, in Minas Gerais; and the region of Lençóis/Andaraí and Pico do Barbado in Bahia are all considered to be of utmost biological importance.

More detailed studies of the RBSE region conducted by the workshop that defined the priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Minas Gerais (COSTA et al., 1998; DRUMMOND et al., 2005), coordinated by the Biodiversitas Foundation, Conservation International and SEMAD granted the Espinhaço Range the status of Special Importance, for it is a unique environment in the state and by the large number of endemics there.

The special features of the Espinhaço Range were also recognized by global studies for identification of priorities for conservation. The region was qualified in the Centers of Plant Diversity of the WWF/IUCN (DAVIS et al., 1997), on the list of World Wildlife Fund's Global 2000 (WWF, 1997) and in the Areas of Bird Endemism - EBAs of BirdLife International (STATTERSFIELD et al., 1998).

In its landscape, the Espinhaço Range has a set mountain comprising: in the South, isolated outcrops of large dimensions, among them, the Serra do Caraça, Serra do Itacolomi, Serra de Ouro Branco and the Serra da Piedade; and to the North, the Serra do Itambé, Serra do Cabral, Serra do Cipó and Serra do Intendente (SEMAD, 2005).

35

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Inserted in the biomes of the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (the only hotspots of Brazil), the RBSE also makes contact with the Caatinga biome at its North face, which shows its strategic location while a planning region for the conservation of natural resources. In addition, the RBSE is also home to significant portions of the Rupestrian Fields, which stand out as targets for conservation due to their wealth of endemic and threatened species.

Some of the most effective strategies for the conservation of natural resources within the RBSE scope relate to increase protected areas in Conservation Units, particularly ensuring the development of the Conservation Function. These areas play an important role to society, especially regarding the provision of environmental services and the contribution to sustainable development, articulating with the Logistics and Development Functions.

Considering the number of existing Conservation Units in RBSE by the year 2005, it is observed that in the last 10 years there has been a significant increase of protected areas, with the creation of 36 new Conservation Units until 2015, which is an increase of more than 60,000 acres in Full Protection Conservation Units, reconfiguring the Core Areas of the Biosphere Reserve.

In addition to the increase in preserved areas in Conservation Units, it should be noted that there was also strides regarding their deployment. They can be verified through the analysis of their respective Quality Factors (Ecologic ICMS), which evaluate several parameters (Management Plan, Infrastructure, Advisory Councils, Human Resources, etc.) associated with the management of Conservation Units. In this sense, considering the maximum score of 1.0, it was found that the evolution of this index was 0.35 points in 2007, and in 2014 it reached 0.5 points, which was the general average of the CUs entered into RBSE. In addition, from the perspective of integrated management, one should highlight the formation of the Mosaic of Conservation Units of the Espinhaço: Alto Jequitinhonha-Serra do Cabral, which optimizes effective capacity of the proposed goals for the conservation of the region. The current strategy of the plan of action of the RBSE lies in the decentralization of management in different locations in the Biosphere Reserve, including the sub-regions of South Espinhaço and the Iron Quadrangle.

The initiatives performed by the Conservation Units are also associated with a number of National Action Plans for the Conservation of Endangered Species or Speleological Heritage (PAN) with interfaces with the RBSE. In this context, there are in progress 15 PANs, two of them featuring the Espinhaço Range as highlight: the PAN for conservation of the Herpetofauna of the Espinhaço Range and the PAN of the Southern Espinhaço, the latter still under development.

Finally, we also highlight that the Biosphere Reserve provides water to the largest basins in the State of Minas Gerais, and it is extremely relevant to the conservation of biodiversity in the RBSE and for social and economic development. This asset can be considered as one of the most important attributes in the RBSE. It is noteworthy that the efforts for strategic decision-making for conservation in the RBSE are linked with the understanding of this territory for planning and integration with the necessary agreements and strengthening of governance in the RBSE.

2.2.5 Update on the development function, including main changes since last report.

Since the creation of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in 2005, enterprises of different types and sizes have been installed in the territory of the Reserve with investments of 70 billion and the generation of more than 40,000 direct jobs.

36

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Since it is a region with mineral occurrence favoring the activity of this sector, Minas Gerais is the most important mining state in the country. The state is responsible for approximately 53% of the Brazilian production of metallic minerals and 29% of ores in general. The mining activity is present in 49 municipalities among the 94 cities that comprise the RBSE (2015).

The mining activity also generates other revenues for the society, because any person or entity authorized to extract mineral substances for purposes of economic exploitation must collect the Financial Compensation for the Exploitation of Mineral Resources (CFEM). In 2015, through the month of July, the total collection of CFEM by RBSE municipalities was R$ 290.381.269,82.

Due to the wealth resulting from the exploitation of the ore, among the 12 (twelve) first municipalities of Biosphere Reserve with the largest GDP presented in thousands of reais, only Ouro Branco has no mining activity and, among the 12 (twelve) first municipalities of RBSE with the highest human development index, 11 (eleven) have mining activities in its territory.

The influence of mining activity can also be measured whenever we analyze the Minas Gerais Index of Social Responsibility (IMRS), which expresses the level of development of each city in this state, represented by data on education, health, public safety, employment and income, demographics, management, housing, infrastructure and environment, culture, leisure and sports (JOÃO PINHEIRO FOUNDATION, 2013). Again, the better-ranked cities develop this activity in their territory.

Although more than 50% of the investments are intended for the mining sector ("natural vocation"), there was also a diversification of investments in other sectors that are still under development, which tends to promote a more sustainable and less dependent economic development. To promote this diversification and boost other sectors of the economy, the Government and the private initiative implemented the Program of Support for the Competitiveness of Local Productive Arrangements (APL), which is an important initiative so that businesses can produce more and better.

An APL is the set of companies that participate in the same business in a certain geographically defined region, operating in cooperation and generating collective competitiveness. The program was created through a partnership among the Government, the FIEMG System through IEL, Sebrae/MG and the InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB), with support of the involved unions and associations. The beneficiaries will be the companies and producers located in selected productive arrangements that will participate in the activities provided for in the Plans for the Improvement of Competitiveness (PMC).

Other programs are also resulting from this partnership between the Federation of Industries of the State of Minas Gerais/FIEMG and the State Government. They aim at the balance between the economic, social and environmental dimensions for the creation of sustainable business, focusing on: management of water resources; solid waste management/Waste Vag (SIBR); Mining Program of Industrial Symbiosis (PMSI) developed by FIEMG in a partnership with FEAM (State Environmental Foundation) and with the CMRR (Minas Gerais Reference Center in Waste). The Mining Program of Industrial Symbiosis is the Brazilian version of the British NISP (National Industrial Symbiosis Programme), whose goal is to promote profitable interactions among companies of all sectors of the industry.

Considering the particularities and natural and historical riches of Minas Gerais, seen by many as a synthesis region of Brazil, the Ecotourism, Rural Tourism, Cultural and Religious tourism represent an important asset for the region of RBSE. Therefore, culture and nature represent assets to be better exploited in the perspective of sustainable development, respecting the local capacities and vocations – challenges for the management and sustainable development of the activity, which can add value to the territories.

The Tourism Regionalization Program, by which municipalities are encouraged to work together for the structuring and promotion, in which every local peculiarity can be contemplated, valued and integrated 37

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) into a broader market, is an example of a program that aims to achieve these goals of local sustainability.

Its decentralized and regional execution focuses on coordinated and participatory planning among the main actors involved, thereby reflecting positively on the economic results of the territory.

So, the tourist activity in the area of RBSE has shown positive growth rates over the past few years, becoming a very important economic sector for the region. In case it is well structured and organized, the tourism sector has positive effects and multipliers in various other sectors of the economy. It contributes to the formalization and the strengthening of a whole chain of direct and indirect products and services that reinforce each other, creating a network and interconnections of routes and circuits that complement each other. In addition, it results in more formal and informal jobs by establishing a logistics of products and services geared toward tourism in its various forms: religious, ecological, rural, adventure, events, etc.

The Tourism Circuits are home to a number of cities from the same region, with economic, social and cultural affinities united to organize and develop the regional tourist activity in a sustainable way, consolidating a regional identity.

The RBSE has 8 consolidated Tourism Circuits. The definition of Destinations Inducting Regional Tourism Development complements this strategy by strengthening those destinations with basic and touristic infrastructure and qualified attractions, characterized as a receiver and/or distributor of tourist flows.

In Minas Gerais, 7 of these destinations are in RBSE (3 national and of 4 statewide).

In the Royal Road, it has 57 (fifty-seven) cities inserted in the RBSE, with several tourist attractions, such as the destination "Entre Serras: from Piedade to the Caraça"; the Program Living the Royal Road (VER); the Gold Circuit; and the Project CRER-Religious Path of the Royal Road (tourist route entirely based on the concept of the Camino de Santiago de Compostela, located in Spain). Likewise, the Solidarity Tourism Program is an example of this tourist potential that the regions seek to develop, acting as a promoter of sustainable development for the generation of work and income for communities, highlighting the "way of living", the popular culture and the natural beauties of the communities. The initiatives work for economic and social development in the region according to its best features: the exquisite nature, its ancient cultures, histories and traditions, its gastronomy, its hospitality, its crafts, its welcoming people and, especially, its vast history.

Even considering this progress and dynamism in the RBSE region, a large portion of its population still needs the support of policies and social programs implemented by the Government, whether on welfare-oriented guidance and training, to market or promotion of entrepreneurship to generate income and work from the alternatives and potential locations.

For example, the Recycling Assistance Program 1 aims at promoting reduction, reuse and recycling of materials that would be disposed of inappropriately in landfills and dumps. It also contributes to the reduction of the costs of collection, transportation and disposal of MSW, saving energy and natural resources and optimizing the existing infrastructure by reducing the volume of waste – according to State policies and national guidelines for solid waste through the recovery of waste solids and socio-productive inclusion of recyclable material collectors. Providing the correct waste disposal favors the reintroduction of recyclable materials in the production processes, reducing the use of natural resources, energy inputs and promoting social-economic inclusion of collectors of recyclable materials and the generation of employment and income in the economic sector of waste recycling.

1Program to promote the improvement of the environment quality, the environmental preservation through payment of urban environment service.

38

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In Minas Gerais, we highlight the Green Assistance Program, which aims at supporting the conservation of native vegetation in Minas Gerais upon the payment for environmental services to owners and squatters who already preserve or are committed to recovering the vegetation of native origin in their property or possessions.

As one of the segments of the industry, the mineral sector contributes effectively to the protection of areas through the creation of Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs), the imposition of legal reserves, rehabilitation of degraded areas and the payment of environmental and forestry compensation, which are one of the investments to benefit local communities and biodiversity protection. Compensation measures aim at offsetting the environmental impacts caused by the installation of companies.

From 2012, the State Environment Foundation (FEAM) has been developing the project "Reconversion of Territories", which aims to assess the existing territorial relations with mining, with particular interest in the sustainability of the activity and post-closure management of the enterprise, with a view to the rehabilitation of degraded mining areas and their future use. To achieve this goal, one of the actions of the FEAM is the survey of mining areas that are idle or abandoned, assessing their environmental situation and the measures taken by entrepreneurs for proper management, including the closing with a new postmining use.

2.2.6 Update on logistic support function, including main changes since last report

Within the logistic function, according to the Action Plan of the RBSE State Committee is the increase in the communication process, institutional articulation and strengthening of Core Areas.

Another issue we see is the significant increase of the technical and scientific productions, as described in item 6, in addition to the capillarity of use of traditional knowledge in the processes of management and networking.

With the First Periodic Review, the Biosphere Reserve classifies the achieved results as gains in this process of knowledge and information, as well as contributing to the identification of gaps and the potentials to be worked.

As gaps, we highlight the need to have Core Areas, points of information and dissemination of the Biosphere Reserve, which requires their direct deployment by national, state and municipal governments. Another issue is the change of government leaders in these Government levels, which often results in rework to strengthen the implementation of the strategies of the Action Plan of the Biosphere Reserve.

The potentials include: • Involvement of different institutions from different regions and nationalities, whether they are research institutions, NGOs and governmental sectors, producing work of great relevance in the Biosphere Reserve; • Expansion of the number of works produced and published and of research groups dealing with the Biosphere Reserve as a guide; • Insertion and permeability in the communication process; • Availability of strategic data in a Portal, presented in the Geo-Environmental Atlas of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve; 39

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Mobilization capacity and institutional involvement of different institutions for scientific dissemination, data collection and formulation of summaries; • Strengthening the management through the Mosaic of Conservation Units, valuing local knowledge and regional productions with defined identities.

• Updated data sources and institutions to support the work for the management and the expansion of the Biosphere Reserve in its Phase II.

2.2.7. Update on governance management and coordination, including changes since last report (if any) in hierarchy of administrative divisions, coordination structure.

Representation on the Committee by sector according to Decree No. 44,281 25 April, 2006:

a) The Federal Government: • Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), replaced by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio)

b) State Government • State Department for Environment and Sustainable Development (SEMAD) • Department of Culture of the State of Minas Gerais • State Forest Institute (IEF-MG) • State Environment Foundation (FEAM) • Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management (GIMS) • Military Police of Minas Gerais (PMMG)

c) Municipal Governments • Municipality of Belo Horizonte • Municipality of Buenópolis • Municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro • Municipality of Jaboticatubas • Municipality of Ouro Preto

d) Universities • Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) – scientific community 40

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM) – scientific community • Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas) – scientific community (Coordination Committee – Current Management)

e) Productive Sector • Industry sector: Minas Gerais State Industry Federation (FIEMG) – Royal Road Institute • Agriculture sector: Minas Gerais State Agriculture Federation (FAEMG) • Mining industry: Mineral Industry Union of Minas Gerais (SINDIEXTRA) • Forestry sector: Minas Gerais Forestry Association (AMS)

f) Non-governmental Organizations: • AMA - Non-governmental organization of Ouro Preto (Inactive on the Committee) • Ecological Cultural Association Lagoa do Nado (Executive Secretary of the current Management Committee) • Brigada 1 NGO • Biodiversitas Foundation (Vice Committee coordination – current management) • Paepalanthus Bromelioides Institute (Inactive on the Committee) • Terra Brasilis Institute (Inactive on the Committee) • Society of Friends of the Board (SAT) • Cidade Institute

g) Traditional Population • Nucleus of Indigenous Culture (current Representative on the Committee) • Federation of Quilombola Communities of the State of Minas Gerais – N´Golo.

2.3 The authority/authorities in charge of coordinating/managing the Biosphere Reserve:

According to the State Decree for creation of the State Committee of the RBSE, Decree number 44281, 4/25/2006, and guided by Internal Regulations in force and in 2014, the last election (annex I) to the composition of the Coordination Team, Deputy Coordination and Executive Department of the State Committee for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, namely: Coordination: Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Deputy Coordination: Biodiversitas Foundation 41

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Executive Secretary: Ecological and Cultural Association Lagoa do Nado

2.3.1 Updates to cooperation/management policy/plan, including vision statement, goals and objectives, either current or for the next 5-10 years.

With the aim of enforcing the premises of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (RBSE) and the guidelines of the MaB Program, directing efforts (capture and application of resources, activities and support) for its management, the Second Plan of Action of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (2015-2016) was revised from the First Action Plan (2011-2013), containing 5 main objectives:

• Promoting the conservation function of RBSE; • Promoting the development function of RBSE; • Promoting the function of logistic support - scientific and traditional knowledge of the RSBE; • Enabling the RBSE Committee Management; and • Promoting the communication and marketing of the RBSE.

This Action Plan (2011-2013 and updated for 2015-2016) was prepared as a result of 6 participatory workshops held in the municipalities of Belo Horizonte and Rio Acima and in the Serra do Cipó National Park, involving representatives of various spheres: municipal, state and federal public sectors; civil society (universities, sectors of mining, forestry, agriculture, cultural associations, non-governmental organizations and representatives of traditional peoples).

For each objective, there were established major actions listed according to their degree of priority (high, medium, low). It was determined that the low priority level does not mean that it is a negligible action, only that in a chronological order this action is not as urgent as the others are.

After the definition of the targets and priorities, work groups were created for the exploitation of coresponsibility and independence in the Management Committee for detailing the actions and their monitoring. We present the actions in the Action Plan updated for 2015-2016:

Objective 1 – Promoting conservation function of RBSE: 1 - High Priority: • Encouraging the implementation of already established Conservation Units; • Updating the zoning of RBSE with the recognition of new Conservation Units; • Inducing and supporting the recognition and implementation of the Conservation Units mosaics in the RBSE-Espinhaço Mosaic: 1) Jequitinhonha – Cabral; 2) Cipó-Intendente and 3) Iron Quadrangle; • Performing technical-scientific discussions to define the condition of biome in Rupestrian Fields; • Deploying an information system, management and monitoring of water quality in the basins in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve; and 42

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Stimulating projects for recovery of water resources of the river basins of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

2 – Medium Priority: • Stimulating the creation of new Conservation Units; • Supporting and promoting the expansion of Core Areas; and • Inventorying project initiatives related to sustainable use of natural resources.

3 – Low Priority: • Identifying projects in the area of environmental recovery and preventing and combating forest fires; • Mapping the distribution of the endangered and invasive species within the RBSE; and • Identifying and disseminating connectivity programs and mosaics of Conservation Units.

Objective 2 – Promoting the conservation function of the RBSE: 1 - High Priority: • Drawing up the Map of Soil Use and Occupation – inventory of productive activities: mining; industry; agrosilvopastoral; family agriculture; electric power generation plants; among others.

2 – Medium Priority: • Developing platform of discussion and disseminating good practices for the mineral sector; • Inventorying good practice initiatives of land use; • Recognizing and promoting traditional knowledge and practices; • Monitoring the implementation of investments of resources in UCs entered in the RBSE; and • Mapping the distribution of cultural-historic material and immaterial heritage listed within the framework of RBSE. 3 - Low Priority: • Stimulate projects to payments for environmental services in RBSE; • Create the label for marketing products of the Espinhaço Ridge; and • Identify recognized tourist circuits within the RBSE aiming at integration of the territory.

Objective 3 – Promote the function of logistic support-scientific knowledge and traditional RBSE: 1 - High Priority: • Articulating initiatives in environmental and heritage education networks for the community as a whole; • Stimulating capacity-building projects and training of employees of the Conservation Units, including the context of RBSE; 43

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Identifying leaders of communities and traditional populations; • Start councils for culture, environment, Conservation Units and other cities of RBSE, with a view to disseminating functions and actions of RBSE; and • Structuring a geo-referenced database of images, maps, projects, articles, books, dissertations and theses.

2 – Medium Priority: • Promoting social-environmental monitoring in the territory of the Espinhaço; and • Promoting discussion on the integration of the different territorial management instruments within the RBSE (river basins; Director Plans; ZEE; Tourist development plans; geopark; Conservation Units; Royal Road; Priority Conservation Areas, etc.).

3 - Low Priority: • Supporting the creation of the Territorial Management School in RBSE, in the municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro.

Objective 4 - Facilitating the management of the RBSE Committee: 1 - High Priority: • Discussing the process of creation of a legal entity of the "RBSE friends” for the collection and management of financial resources; • Performing the mapping of ongoing actions on and in RBSE with ways, indicators and targets for monitoring and support; and • Participating in the creation of the "Alliance of the Biosphere Reserves in Brazil".

2 – Medium priority: • Reviewing the decree and the internal regulations of the CERBSE; • Consolidating and maintaining the necessary structure for operation of RBSE offices; and • Assessing the feasibility of the creation of the inter-municipal consortium for shared management in the RSBE territories.

3 – Low priority: • Designing a business plan with emphasis on local productive systems for Espinhaço Ridge branded products; • Promoting specific agendas for discussion with UNESCO, Minas Gerais Government, Federal Government, Cities, NGOs, companies, managers of CUs, universities and other RBs; • Fundraising for RBSE by the UNESCO, Federal, State, Municipal Governments, the private sector and other institutions; • Performing continuous monitoring of the RBSE Action Plan with assessment of efficiency; • Monitoring the business plans and cooperation plans; 44

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Monitoring the marketing and communication plan; and • Recognizing and supporting the implementation of RBSE Outposts.

Objective 5 - Promoting the communication and marketing of RBSE: 1 - High Priority: • Registering the RBSE logo; • Updating the marketing and communication plan; • Creating the visual identity for the communication material; • Designing printed information material (institutional); • Publishing newsletters; • Defining the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve Day; • Establishing the Danielle Mitterrand-Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve Award 2 • Producing and publishing the RBSE book; • Structuring a communication team: media and public relations; • Creating and updating the RBSE portal on the internet; • Performing the Espinhaço Ridge Expedition; • Promoting and holding courses, forums, congresses, seminars and workshops of art, education, culture, history and environment; • Identifying and facilitating opportunities for dissemination of the RBSE (events, seminars, lectures, etc).

3 - Low Priority: • Promoting the exchange with the network of national and international reserves.

2.3.2 Budget and staff support, including approximate average annual amounts (or range from year-to-year); main sources of funds (including financial partnerships established (private/public), innovative financial schemes); special capital funds (if applicable); number of full and/or part-time staff; in-kind contribution of staff; volunteer contributions of time or other support.

There is no budget allocation from the Federal or State Governments for performing the activities of the RBSE State Committee, the institutions of the State Committee funding the investments for participation in meetings and workshops or for the development of specific projects.

2 The name Madame Danielle Mitterrand for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve Award was given due to her participation on the Espinhaço Range recognition process at UNESCO and after that.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) There is a gap in this area for the management of the Biosphere Reserve. However, on the other hand, the institutional arrangement of the State Committee and the participation of partners partially provide a solution for this issue, considered as structural to the full operation of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

For projects and initiatives previously implemented and those in progress (publications, meetings, workshops, social and environmental projects, Office of the Biosphere Reserve, logistical support and allowances, among others) had specific sponsorships for these purposes.

TABLE 3: SOURCES OF FUNDING TO PROJECTS AND INITIATIVES PERFORMED BY THE RBSE AND ITS MANAGING COMMITTEE.

Financing

Source

Description

Ecological Cultural Association Lagoa do Nado

• • •

Human resources.

Digital communication.

Technical support.

Biodiversitas Foundation, Nucleus of Indigenous Culture, Cidade Institute

• •

Human resources.

Technical support.

Biotrópicos Institute

• •

Mosaic of Conservation Units.

Technical support.

• •

Resources for database-Geo-environmental Atlas.

Technical support.

• • • • • • • • •

Infrastructure of the Managing Committee.

Equipment.

Human resources.

Technical support.

Digital communication.

Database.

Technical support.

Resources for events.

Technical support.

Prístino Institute and Public Ministry of Minas Gerais

Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais SEMAD – IEF (State Government) and SECTES (State Government) SINDIEXTRA

2.3.3 Communications strategy for the Biosphere Reserve including different approaches and tools geared towards the community and/or towards soliciting outside support.

Communication strategies are developed through: • Four Ordinary Meetings of the State Committee, per year; • Extraordinary Meetings of the State Committee; • Workshops for planning and monitoring the Action Plan; • Participation in events and representations in official discussion forums – Environmental Policy Council (COPAM), Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves (COBRAMAB), Advisory Boards of Conservation Units and Mosaics of Conservation Units; • The participation and cooperation in the Planning Workshop of the Amazon Biosphere Reserve (2007); • Workshop of Management Strategies for Shared Territories, MMA, Brasilia (2008); 46

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Participation at UNESCO at the World Congress of Biosphere Reserves in Madrid (2008); • Participation of the Paris Meeting in February 2011.

Organization of events, with emphasis on: • International Seminar on Environmental and Ecosystem Services (2010) – Ouro Preto-Brazil which among other products had the OURO PRETO CHART AND MOSAIC CIPÓ-INTENDENTE; • International Seminar on Mining and Social and Environmental Sustainability in Biosphere Reserve in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2013; • Participation in the RIO +20, at the Pavilion of the Waters.

The communication of actions performed in the RBSE also occurs through: • RBSE blog: http://rbse-unesco.blogspot.com.br.

• RBSE Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ReservaDaBiosferaDaSerraDoEspinhaco.

• RBSE E-mail: rbsemg@gmail.com • Portal of Social and Environmental Network of APA SOUTH RMBH: www.redeapasul.com.br (under maintenance).

• Website of the Socio-environmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha: www.parauninha.org.

• Publication of the Biosphere Reserve Folder, whenever acknowledged.

• Creation of the VT-Serra do Espinhaço, aired in the largest Brazilian television broadcaster (Rede Globo de Televisão) in prime time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaTxidEvvgM • Release of the documentary "the Espinhaço Ridge", with the participation of the France Libertés Foundation, with special attention to Madame Danielle Mitterrand and the production team of Yann Arthus-Bertrand – YouTube links: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AC4FLMjpws (part 1); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJaSKa1l3pc (part 2).

• Launch of two editions of the book and the documentary "PARAUNINHA: through the mountains, waters, with people" (Annexes II and III), in partnership with the Parauninha Community Association (ASPA), Social-Environmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha, Oi Futuro, PUC Minas, Minas Gerais State Forest Institute (IEF-MG).

• Publication of the Table Book – Serra do Espinhaço (2012), with free distribution to various actors in the RBSE region and Brazil: http://issuu.com/reservadabiosferadaserradoespinhaco/docs/livro_serra_do_espinhaco and RBSE (ANNEX IV).

• Production of the Geo-Environmental Atlas of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve -Pristine Institute: http://institutopristino.org.br/atlas/espinhaco.

• Disclosure in demonstration projects in the RBSE territory.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2.3.4 Strategies for fostering networks of cooperation in the Biosphere Reserve that serve as connections (“bridging”) among diverse groups in different sectors of the community (e.g. groups devoted to agricultural issues, local economic development, tourism, conservation of ecosystems, research and monitoring).

It is understood that the strategies for promotion and cooperation through networks have been enforced through events, working groups, workshops, meetings, dissemination via the internet, as the media presented in item 2.3.4 of this report.

Will highlight the more specific thematic productions on the issues of: • Mining; • Water Resources; • Irreplaceable areas of the Serra do Espinhaço; • Mosaic of Conservation Units and shared management; • Dissemination of knowledge through the Digital Atlas of RBSE; • Management of Biosphere reserves, with working groups of the RBSE Action Plan addressing the functions of development, conservation and logistical support, in addition to communication, marketing and management (see item 2.3.1).

• Ecosystem services; • IBRAM cooperation and SBE Speleological heritage conservation, with an emphasis to the caves of the Iron Square; and • National Plans for Conservation of Endangered Species (PANs).

2.3.5 Particular vision and approaches adopted for addressing the socio-cultural context and role of the Biosphere Reserve (e.g. promotion of local heritage resources, history, cultural and cross-cultural learning opportunities; cooperation with local population; reaching out to recent immigrant groups, indigenous people etc.).

According to its historical and cultural richness embedded in its territory, the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve requires strategic actions for protection, recovery and rescue of its heritage. In this context, it is worth noting, initially, the participation in State Committee of members of the Department of Culture of the State of Minas Gerais, representing the State Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage of Minas Gerais (IEPHA), the Royal Road Institute, representations of traditional communities and actions by the Culture Departments of RBSE cities and NGOs. In this scenario, it should be noted the historic and cultural framework and that almost half of the Brazilian historical cities of the Southeast Region are located in the state of Minas Gerais, representing a valuable cultural heritage of the region. Out of the 20 historical sets of the region, nine are located in Minas Gerais: Cataguases, Congonhas, Diamantina, Mariana, Ouro Preto, Paracatu, São João Del Rei, Tiradentes and Serro. Among these, the municipalities of Congonhas, Diamantina, Mariana, Ouro Preto and Serro are located in the RBSE territory.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Regarding the local heritage valorization strategies, it is important to note some actions performed in the territory, which treat the Espinhaço Range as one of the guiding geographical elements: - IEPHA actions for protection of cultural goods (listed and registered) - farms, museums, schools, landscape and architectural collections, historical centers, churches and chapels, images, sacred elements, among others.

We highlight the heritage and historical-cultural set of historic cities in the RBSE, according to the division proposed by the Association of Historical Cities of Minas Gerais, such as:

1) In the region of the Arts: • Landscaped Collections of Romarias, in Congonhas; • The Historic Downtown of Santa Rita Durão, in Mariana; • The Serra do Ouro Branco and the Farms Carreiras and Pé do Morro, in Ouro Branco; • São José do Manso Farm in Ouro Preto.

2) In the Region of Traditions: • The Serra da Piedade and João Pinheiro's House, in Caeté; • The chapels and the architectural and landscape ensemble of the Church of our Lady of Lapa, in Sabará; • The Historic Nucleus, the Church, the monastery of Macaúbas, in Santa Luzia.

3) In the Region of Riches: • The set of ruins of Gongo Soco, in Barão de Cocais; • The Serra do Caraça and the historic center in Catas Altas; • The historical centers of Brumal and Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara.

4) In the Region of History: • The churches of Nossa Senhora Aparecida and São Francisco de Assis, in Conceição do Mato Dentro; • The Architecture and landscape of Biribiri and the Serra dos Cristais, Diamantina; • The churches of São Gonçalo and Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres in Serro.

As a Registered Cultural Heritage at the IEPHA, it is also important to note the “The Production Mode for Artisanal Cheese from the Serro Region”, whose legal protection is framed in the category "State Registration of Good of Intangible Nature", on the Knowledge Registry Book of the Cultural Heritage of the State of Minas Gerais.

- Actions of the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (Iphan): 1) World Heritage site (MG) - registered properties: 49

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • City of Ouro Preto (1938); • Sanctuary of the Senhor Bom Jesus de Matozinhos (1939), in Congonhas; • Historical Downtown of Diamantina (1938).

It should be noted that all of the aforementioned goods bear the title of world heritage site granted by UNESCO and the state of Minas Gerais has highest concentration of goods declared by this seal (from a total of 17 goods declared world heritage sites, 3 of them are located in Minas Gerais);

2) Intangible Heritage (MG)-2005 to 2015: • Ringing of bells in Minas Gerais – form of sound expression produced by percussion of bells of the Catholic churches, to announce religious rituals and celebrations such as parties of Saints and Patron Saints is a form of expression that associates the structure of the ringing to the religious occasion in which the bells are rung. The references are the municipalities of São João del Rei, Tiradentes and those belonging to the RBSE: Ouro Preto, Mariana, Catas Altas, Congonhas, Diamantina, Sabará and Serro. This form of expression has been registered in the Book of Forms of Expression in 2009.

• Ringer Craft - Registered in the Book of Knowledge in 2009, it is extremely important for the production and reproduction of the rings that characterize and differentiate territories and communities, contributing to the persistence of the practice of Bell Ringing in cities as a form of communication and identity; • Artisan Cheese-Making Mode in Minas Gerais – A traditional knowledge and a striking trait of the cultural identity of regions of Serro (in RBSE), Serra da Canastra and Salitre. Such process was registered in the Book of Knowledge in 2008.

3) Archaeological Heritage (MG): Archaeological research, as a specific area of the IPHAN in Minas Gerais, was deployed in 2007. Until December 2014, Minas Gerais registered 1216 archaeological sites, of which 387 are in municipalities belonging to RBSE.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 5: CULTURAL GOODS (LISTED AND REGISTERED) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. A – PILGRIMAGES (CONGONHAS); B – THE HISTORICAL DOWNTOWN OF SANTA RITA DURÃO (MARIANA); C – SERRA DE OURO BRANCO; D – CARREIRAS FARM; E – PÉ DO MORRO FARM (OURO BRANCO); F – SÃO JOSÉ DO MANSO FARM (OURO PRETO); G – SERRA DA PIEDADE; H – STATE SANCTUARY NOSSA SENHORA DA PIEDADE (CAETÉ); I – ARCHITECTURAL AND LANDSCAPE ENSEMBLE OF THE CHURCH OF NOSSA SENHORA DA LAPA (SABARA); J – HISTORICAL NUCLEUS OF SANTA LUZIA; L – MONASTERY OF MACAÚBAS (SANTA LUCIA); M-SET THE RUINS OF GONGO SOCO (BARÃO DE COCAIS); N – SERRA DO CARAÇA; O - THE HISTORIC DOWNTOWN OF SANTA BARBARA (SANTA BARBARA); P – CHURCH OF SAN FRANCISCO DE AZIZI (CONCEIÇÃO DO MATO DENTRO); Q – ARCHITECTURAL AND LANDSCAPE OF BIRIBIRI (DIAMANTINA); R – CENTRAL CHURCH OF NOSSA SENHORA DOS PRAZERES (SOURCE: WWW.IEPHA.MG.GOV.BR; 20.08.2015 ACCESS).

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE TABLE 4: ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES LOCATED IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: NATIONAL REGISTRY OF ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES – CNSA/SGPA OF IPHAN)

NAME Abrigo da Usina Abrigo do Itaporoco Abrigo do Lapão II Abrigo Fábrica dos Borges Lapa do Fogão Lapa do Olerino Abrigo João Pedro I Abrigo do João Pedro II Fazenda Carneiro I e II Fazenda Velha Retiro do Meio Rótulo Fazenda Carneiro I - II Retiro do Arreio Pedra Pintada de Cocais Horto Florestal Córrego do Cardoso Muro de curral Fazenda Maripa Síito do Geraldo Escavação na vertente Estação belo vale Estação de arrojado lisboa Mancha de carvôes e terra queimada Porteira de ferro 2 Parada 537 Parada chacrinha Rota alternativa Ruina de Fazenda Lapa do Cassimiro Lapa do Arrenegado Abrigo do Bi

MUNICIPALITY Alvorada de Minas Alvorada de Minas Alvorada de Minas Alvorada de Minas Alvorada de Minas Alvorada de Minas Alvorada de Minas Alvorada de Minas Baldim Baldim Baldim Baldim Baldim Baldim Barão de Cocais Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Belo Vale Bocaiúva Bocaiúva Bocaiúva

Gruta Antiga de Terra Branca Abrigo da Casa Branca Nossa Fazendinha Aqueduto Fazenda Gado Bravo Condominio Tiradentes Aqueduto Distrito Melo Franco Muro de Divisa Sítio Bela Vista Sítio Sede Fazenda Bom Jardim Muro de Divisa Fazenda Bom Jardim Sítio Zé Ernesto Boa Vitória I Boa Vitória II Paraíso do Sol Marinhos Sitio arqueológico pilha cachoeirinha Alicerce 5 Alicerce 6 Bom jardim Parada coronel eurico Valo 11 Valo 13 Estrada 5 Estrada 6 Curral de pedras Conjunto hidráulico Parada inhotim Estação ferroviária souza noschese Estrada 1 Estação alberto flores Ruinas olaria 1 Valo 3 Valo 4

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Bocaiúva Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho

Valo 5 Valo 1 Valos 6 e 7 Valo 12 valo 10 Valo 9 Viracopos Cemitério dos Ingleses Comunidade do Fundão Capela São Vicente Ferrer Lavras e canal da Noruega Serra do Macedo Passa Cinco Campo Jardim Conceição do Mato Dentro 1 Abrigo da Colina Abrigo da Pedra Grande Abrigo do Anjo Abrigo do caminho Abrigo do Luciano Abrigo do Pocal I Abrigo Pocal II Abrigo do Pocal III Abrigo Dourado de Baixo I Abrigo Dourado de Baixo II Gruta do Pocal I Gruta do Pocal II Lapa dos Gentios Monjolo Fazenda Simão Canal hidráulico Estação casa de pedra Mineração histórica 4 Minerações histórica 6

Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Caeté Caeté Catas Altas da Noruega Catas Altas da Noruega Catas Altas da Noruega Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Conceição do Mato Dentro Congonhas Congonhas Congonhas Congonhas Congonhas

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE Mineração histórica 7 Possivel mineração histórica 5 Arrimo com trilhos Estação joaquim muntinho Maquinário Barra do Cuieté Bela Vista Boa Esperança Boiadeiro Pedra do Letreiro Pedra Pintada Fazenda do Eme Boa Vsta Primavera II Carvoeiro Sítio Curvelo Sítio Saco Redondo Lapa da Cachoeira Sítio do Leme Sítio Cerâmico Fazenda do Banheiro Tapera do Zé Rodrigues Fazenda Santa Rosa Fazenda do Leme I Fazenda do Leme II Barra do Jataí I Barra do Jataí II Beira do Jataí Palhada Fazenda Santa Maria Mato do Açude Atalho de Baixo I Atalho de Baixo II Pasto da Forquilha Várzea da Pedreira Lapa Pintada do Palmital Serra da Garatuja

Congonhas Congonhas Conselheiro Lafaiete Conselheiro Lafaiete Conselheiro Lafaiete Conselheiro Pena Conselheiro Pena Conselheiro Pena Conselheiro Pena Conselheiro Pena Conselheiro Pena Conselheiro Pena Conselheiro Pena Corinto Corinto Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Curvelo Datas Datas Datas

Lapa da Sentinela Lapa do Lajeado Lapa da Igreja Lapa do Rato Abrigo dos Macacos Abrigo Dois Corações Abrigo Passo Preto Abrigo Rio Batatal Lapa da Raiz Lapa do Quilombo do Roçado Quilombo do Roçado Quilombo do Sobradinho Quilombo da Cabaça Quilombo do Guinda Lapa do Lagrado Pardo Pequeno 01 Riacho das Varas 01 Andorinha 01 Andorinha 02 Andorinha 03 Andorinha 04 Ponte de Pedra 01 Ponte de Pedra 02 Ponte de Pedra 03 Ponte da Pedra 04 Mendes 01 Mendes 02 Mendes 03 Mendes 04 Mendes 05 Lapa do Salitre Sítio das Pinturas Pedra do Zebu Morro da Abelha Sítio do Angico Lapa do Camelinho Sítio Riacho do Vento Lapa da Sempre Viva I

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Diamantina Engenheiro Navarro Felício dos Santos Francisco Dumont Francisco Sá Francisco Sá Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia

Lapa da Sempre Viva II Lapa Pintada da Fazenda Contagem Lapa Pintada Lapa do Moinho Velho Lapa do Engenho Lapa Janela de Pedra I Lapa Santo Antônio Lapa da Serra do Salitre Lapa Janela de Pedra II Lapa de Pedra III Barro Preto Júlio Baralho Lapa do Quilombo ou Quilombo da Serra Luanda (vertente) Sítio Antipoff Sítio Serra Boa Lavra das Serrinhas Valo Velho I VALO VELHO II Lavra da Voçoroca ABRIGO DO PICO LAVRA DA SERRINHA Pequeno Abrigo Aredês Estrutura de Pedra I Estrutura de Pedra II Estrutura de Pedra IV Estrutura de Pedra III Pedra do Camargo Monticulo Fazenda do Padre Abrigo Fazenda do Cedro Córrego do Faria Niáctor da Lapa Grande Lapa Maior de Padre Domingo Lapinha do Cipó

Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Gouveia Ibirité Ibirité Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itabirito Itatiaiuçu Itaverava Itaverava Itaverava Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas

53

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE Fazenda Santa Margarida Fazenda de Baixo I Fazenda de Baixo II Sítio Cerâmico Zé do Cláudio Sítio Cerâmico Rancho Novo Várzea do Joá Santa Margarida II São Mateus I Cantagalo I Volta Fria Lobeira Alambrado São Cristovão Vértice Cupim Furado do Meio Divisa Barbeiro Estrada Tropeira Palmital Cachoeira 1 Cachoeira 2 Lagoa Estação jeceaba Fornos de carvão Mineração histórica aterrada 3 Valo 15 Lapa Pintada Lapa do Lageado Curral de Pedra I Lapa da Porteira Lapa do Salitre I Lapa do Salitre II Abrigo do Cachoeirão Lapinha do Mocó Abrigo da Ilha

Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas Jaboticatubas Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jeceaba Jequitaí Jequitaí Jequitaí Jequitaí Jequitaí Jequitaí Jequitaí Jequitaí Jequitaí

Conjunto das Bibocas Ilha dos Bois Sítio Jataí Sítio Pedras Altas Abrigo do Catulé Fazenda Abandonada de Lamim Muro de Contenção Pau Grande Lapa do Marimbondo Lapa de Santo Antônio Lapa da Onça Lapa do Chapéu Cabeceira do Mundá Puçá Cabeceira do Guará I Cabeceira do Guará II Cabeceira do Guará III Sumidouro Vertente do Coelho Canal da Fazenda do Morro Curral de Pedra Alto da Igreja Antiga Garimpo José Balbino Garimpo II Ponte de Pedra Garimpo I Fazenda Gualaxo Fazenda do Tanque Garimpo José Sérvulo Morro de Santana Mrorro de Santo Antônio Sítio histórico fazenda do tesoureiro MS 18 MS 10 MS 24 MS 05

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Jequitaí Jequitaí Joaquim Felício Joaquim Felício Joaquim Felício Lamim Lamim Lassance Lassance Lassance Lassance Lassance Lassance Lassance Lassance Lassance Lassance Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Mariana Moeda Moeda Moeda Moeda

MS 32 Base de Pedra Córrego Sertão Sítio da Grota Lapa da Fazenda Velha Abrigo do Mato Virgem Abrigo da Salobra Gruta Salobra Lapa do Cocal Pardo Pequeno 01 Morro do Pilar 1 Morro do Pilar 2 Morro do Pilar 3 Morro do Pilar 4 Morro do Pilar 5 Morais Capitão do Mato SC 01 RM 01 RM 08 RM 22 RM 04 RM 13 RM 08 RM 42 RM 18 MS 01 Morro da Queimada Ruínas do Tombadouro Lavra da Voçoroca Valo Velho Campina Passabém - 1 Engenho da Fazenda São Bento SG NT 02 SG NT 01 Areão Rio Manso II Morro do Capim II

Moeda Moeda Moeda Monjolos Monjolos Monjolos Monjolos Monjolos Monjolos Morro do Pilar Morro do Pilar Morro do Pilar Morro do Pilar Morro do Pilar Morro do Pilar Nova Lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Nova lima Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Passabém Piranga Rio Acima Rio Acima Rio Manso Rio Manso Rio Manso

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE Rio Manso I Morro do Capim Complexo Gruta do Morgan Macaúbas Santa Inês I, II e III Barreiro Santa Luzia Rio Vermelho 1 de MG Rio Vermelho 2 de MG Mina da Estrada do Piçarrão Santa Maria de Itabira 1 Santa Maria de Itabira 2 Santa Maria de Itabira 3 Fechados I Buracão dos Caiçaras Serra do Caiçara Sítio Vaz de Melo Grande Abrigo de Santana Jaracussu I Jaracussu II Jaracussu III Gruta do Morro Vermelho Abrigo do Bananal Sucupira I, grande abrigo Sucupira II e III Lapa do Gentio Lapa do Gentio II Lapa do Marimbondo Pula Cinco Lapa Luis Soares Lévi

Rio Manso Rio Manso Santa Bárbara Santa Luzia Santa Luzia Santa Luzia Santa Luzia Santa Luzia Santa Luzia Santa Maria de Itabira Santa Maria de Itabira Santa Maria de Itabira Santa Maria de Itabira Santana de Pirapama Santana de Pirapama Santana de Pirapama Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho

Pictóglifos do Rio Gavião Sítio do Chapéu do Sol Rio Cipó I Cedro Cachoeira Água Limpa I Água Limpa II Lapa Rosa Areão Abrigo do Palácio Abrigo do Curral Queimado Santo Antonio do Rio Abaixo - 1 Lapa Pintada Ribeirão Raposa Torre-06 Lapa do Urubu - PERP São Sebastião do Rio Preto - 1 Serra do Raio I Serra do Raio II Mocororô I Mocororô II Serra das Galés Lapa do Campo da Venda Serra da Manga Serra da Parobeira Quilombo do Ó Lapão (Quilombo) Lapa do Isidoro Várzea de São Gonçalo I Várzea de São Gonçalo II Várzea de São Gonçalo III Várzea de São Gonçalo IV

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santana do Riacho Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo

Várzea de São Gonçalo V Serra do Raio III Serra do Raio IV Serra do Raio V Serra do Raio VI Lapa das Lombas Lapa do Carijó Conjunto de abrigos do Lageado Rio Vermelho Alvorada John Woods

Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Taquaraçu de Minas Taquaraçu de Minas Taquaraçu de Minas

Santo Hipólito São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo São Gonçalo do Rio Preto São Sebastião do Rio Preto Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro Serro

55

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) - Mapped and inventoried goods by the Cultural Heritage Portal (www.portaldopatrimoniocultural.com.br) – architectural and urban structures, movable and integrated goods, natural sites, archaeological heritage, archival sources, intangible heritage: TABLE 5: GOODS LISTED BY THE WEBSITE OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE UNTIL 2015.

Municipali ty

Movable and Integrated Goods

Architectural and Urban Structures

Archival Sources

Archaeological Heritage

Intangible Heritage

Natural Sites

Caeté

0

0

0

0

11

0

Curvelo

9

4

0

0

3

1

Mariana

65

123

7

5

18

4

Total assets by category

74

127

7

5

32

5

GRAND TOTAL

250

- Records of the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) for geographical indications 3 in the Espinhaço Range: 1) Association of Artisan Cheese Producers of Serro (REGISTRY GRANTED): • Geographical Name: Serro; • Product: Cheese; • Species: indication of origin; • Date of registration: December 13, 2011; • Area: municipalities of Alvorada de Minas, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Dom Joaquim, Materlândia, Paulistas, Rio Vermelho, Sabinópolis, Santo Antônio do Itambé, Serra Azul de Minas and Serro.

2) Association of Producers of Sabará Jaboticaba (DEPOSITED REGISTRY): • Geographical Name: Sabará; • Product: Liqueur of Jabuticaba, Jabuticaba Jam, Jabuticaba Sauce, Crystallized Bark of Jabuticaba • Species: indication of origin; • Date of deposit: September 23, 2014.

3 The Geographical Indication (GI) is used to identify the origin of products or service when the site has been acquainted or is the origin of a certain characteristic or quality of product or service. In Brazil there are two modes: Origin Denomination and Proceding Indication.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) There are also mentioned some actions on the strengthening, promotion and dissemination of the territory and of the traditional customs of RBSE: - Publication of the book "Serra do Espinhaço-Minas Gerais, Brazil: Brazil. Miguel Andrade: photography and text; Sérgio Augusto Domingues: Text. Empresa das Artes São Paulo, 2012. 212 pages.

Biologists Miguel Ângelo Andrade and Sergio Augusto Domingues present pictures that are a rich source of information and awareness-raising with quick, objective and enlightening phrases about the Espinhaço mountains and their various contexts. The book covers the following topics: the Program Man and Biosphere, the Espinhaço Biosphere Reserve Range, the occupation of territory, biological diversity, the first naturalists and travelers, mineral wealth, flora and fauna. The book is available for viewing at http://issuu.com/reservadabiosferadaserradoespinhaco/docs/livro_serra_do_espinhaco

IMAGE 6: SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO BOOK COVER

- Folder “Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve / Minas Gerais - Unesco”, 2006.

The elaboration of this "folder" in Portuguese and English versions had the participation of several employees as public agencies, universities, non-governmental organizations, associations, etc. This is a disclosure material illustrated with brief information on the various topics related to RBSE such as the Program Man and the Biosphere, Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, conservation, scientific research units, endemics, human and economic development, a large map with the boundaries of RBSE, among others.

This material is out of catalogue.

IMAGE 7: FOLDER COVER RANGE RIDGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) - Blog “Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve / Minas Gerais – Unesco”, available at: http://rbseunesco.blogspot.com.br/ - Project "Social-Environmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha" (NBR-138-Oi Novos Brasis Program Oi Futuro-2013-2014).

Oi Futuro is the Institute of Social Responsibility of OI that employs new technologies of communication and information in development of projects of education, culture, sports, environment and social development.

Since 2001, its actions have been directed towards democratizing the access to knowledge and reducing social and geographical distances, with special attention to young people.

The project "Social-Environmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha" occurs in the rural municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro and serves the riverbank local communities, providing vocational training and access to information, technology and environmental and cultural education to children, young people and adults.

Deployed in 2009 by the PUC in Parauninha community, the project has expanded and nowadays it also serves the Quilombola Communities of Candeias and Itacolomi with all actions defined from the demands made by the population. In addition, the Parauninha Community Association (ASPA), current manager of the project, was created from the perceived need to preserve the Serra do Intendente located in the Southern portion of the Serra do Espinhaço, threatened by mining activity in the region. From there, an action plan was started for the preservation of culture, water resources and other elements that make up life in Parauninha and other communities in Conceição de Mato Dentro. Recently, the documentary "PARAUNINHA: entre serras, pelas águas, com gente" (FRANCO et al., 2015) has been developed by the creators of the book project and it is in its second edition, which is available on the internet at the Parauninha site (www.parauninha.org). It addresses the activities and projects performed by the SocialEnvironmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha.

IMAGE 8: THE COVER OF TWO EDITIONS OF THE BOOK "PARAUNINHA: BETWEEN MOUNTAINS AND WATERS, WITH PEOPLE" (1ST EDITION, 2013; 2ND EDITION, 2015)

The projects portrayed in this book are: •

The project "Social Network for Valuation of Environmental and Cultural Heritages in the Region of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve around the State Park of Serra do Intendente" (Project FAPEMIG CRA-APQ-02511-11/PROEX PUC Minas – 2012/7194-1S)-"Social-Environmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha" 58

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • • •

•

Project "Flowers of Minas Gerais – Flower Nucleus of the Serra" (2008 to 2009) – developed with the support of Sebrae and the Parauninha Community Association.

Project "Planting Water in Parauninha" – FHIDRO (2009-2013).

Project "Environmental Education for Water Resources of Parauninha: Riverside communities as Environmental Sustainability Promoting Citizens in the State Park of the Serra do Intendente" 2010 Participative biomonitoring in the waters of the Parauninha: the pilot project - 2010 Also in relation to this project, there were also created:

• • • • •

Website-www.parauninha.org and Email-parauninha@gmail.com; Facebook page-www.facebook.com/associacaocomunitariaparauninha Twitter-www.twitter.com/ASPAParauninha YouTube-www.youtube.com/TVParauninha Digital magazine-www.issuu.com.br/parauninha

In addition to the aforementioned, there are other projects under development in the territory of RBSE.

- Sempre Vivas Association of Artisans

The region of the Serra do Espinhaço is the home of plants known as sempre-vivas (evergreens), receiving this name because after the harvesting, their inflorescences keeps the alive look for years and even decades, which makes them unique and with high commercial value.

They sprout in the fields, the best-selling families being the Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae (Gramineae), Xyridaceae, Cyperaceae and Rapateaceae. The marketing of these flowers occurs in various locations at the Serra do Espinhaço, especially in the area of the municipality of Diamantina, where trade has been occurred since the 1930’s, becoming an income source for many families (LARA, 1999).

In 1997, the indiscriminate collection resulted on the ban on hunting and gathering, a measure that generated immediate impact in the routine of traditional communities. The obstacle originated the momentum capable of transforming the social reality of the residents. For about 15 years, several projects of controlled management of flora have been developed in towns like Galheiros, in the rural area of Diamantina; and Andrequicé and Raiz, the districts of President Kubitschek (PINHEIRO, SD.).

The new perspectives ensure source of work and income for countless people. Among the actions with the support of SEBRAE, UFVJM (Federal Universities of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys) and EMATER include the cultivation of typical flowers in pots for landscape purposes and implementation of experimental flower fields for making crafts. The practices add value to products and guarantee the sustainable supply of raw materials, expanding the potential of local businesses (PINHEIRO, SD.).

Founded in 2001, the Sempre Viva Association of Artisans, with about 30 members, is a space for discussion and collective planning. The increasingly profitable business has put the community in the international spotlight. The artisans exhibit at fairs and shops of Diamantina, Tiradentes, Ouro Preto and Belo Horizonte; they participate in events in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília and Recife; and in September 2013, they integrated the exhibition Brazilian Artisan Women, held by the General Assembly of the United Nations (UN) in New York (PINHEIRO, SD.).

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) - The Hikers of the Royal Road

The Association of Hikers of the Royal Road (ACER) is a non-profit organization that promotes, conducts and coordinates walks with a group of 80 women, entrepreneurs, master teachers and doctors, political, judges, architects, journalists, nurses, educators, artists, lawyers, among others, in the route of the Royal Road.

During the walk, they stimulate the development of the visited communities, with works in the areas of culture, education, environment, tourism and promotion of actions aimed at the preservation and exploitation of the historical, artistic and environmental heritage.

The Association of Hikers embraces the project "Tree is Life", designed by the International Federation of Business and Professional Women – BPW, registered at the UN and present in 90 countries. The focus in this project is the planting of native trees in the surrounding region and near the Royal Road. In addition to providing the vegetal re-composition and expansion in bare areas and Permanent Preservation Areas (top of hills, riverbanks and streams, protection of springs), the trees at strategic points form malls and woods, extending the tourist attractions for this national tourism heritage.

Through the Protocol of Intention with the then Governor of the State of Minas Gerais, institutions such as: SETUR; SEAPA-EMATER; SEMAD-IEF and the City of Belo Horizonte with Zoo-Botanic Foundation have become partners in this project. There is also the Royal Road Institute, the Trade Association of Minas Gerais (ACMINAS) and the Merchant Bank of Brazil supporting the project.

- Popular Knowledge Seminar - Meeting of Espinhaço People

The Popular Knowledge Seminar - Meeting of Espinhaço People, which occurred in the village of Lapinha da Serra, Serra do Cipó District, in the city of Santana do Riacho in 2013. It aimed at promoting the meeting of masters, traditional communities, popular culture groups, the academic community and other professionals for experiencing, reflecting and discussing the theme of the tangible and intangible heritage and popular culture. There were presented lectures, discussion panels, conversation, cultural workshops and artistic presentations among other activities. There is a documentary entitled "Meeting of Espinhaço People", available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3QWxNXU87w.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 9: POSTER OF THE MEETING OF ESPINHAÇO PEOPLE/2013

- The Science Caravan Project: Knowing the Espinhaço Ridge Biodiversity

Developed during 21 months, the project "Science Caravan: Knowing the Biodiversity of Brazil", coordinated by Professor Fabiane Nepomuceno Costa of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM) featured nine UFVJM professionals, the Biotrópicos Institute and also with two fellows of the course of Biological Sciences.

The Science Caravan received R$ 48.8 thousand from the Foundation for Support to Research of the State of Minas Gerais, 12 municipalities located in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, a total of 16 schools.

A lecture was presented in each school, containing information about the biodiversity of the region and, soon after, there were handed out informational folders, as well as interactive CD-ROMs the schools for inclusion in its library. It is estimated that approximately 2,000 students participated in the Caravan activities.

IMAGE 10: COVER OF THE FOLDER THE PROJECT CARAVAN OF SCIENCE: KNOWING THE ESPINHAÇO RIDGE BIODIVERSITY.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2.3.6 Use of traditional and local knowledge in the management of the Biosphere Reserve.

The social-environmental and cultural-historical context of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve brings a wealth of knowledge from their traditional peoples and communities.

The cultural wealth of the Espinhaço Range is reflected in a large number of people and traditional communities and other with historical traditions in the region, which are herein divided as the Mosaics of Conservation Units proposed for the RBSE: •

•

•

Mosaics in the Iron Quadrangle: Quilombola communities, people of terreiro, traditional artisans groups (such as the makers of artifacts in soapstone, in the municipalities of Congonhas, Mariana, Ouro Preto and Serro; The Mosaics of the Southern Ridge: Quilombola communities, evergreen flower pickers (including communities located in more than 30 municipalities in the High Jequitinhonha and Northern Minas Gerais, with predominance in the region of Diamantina), riverbank peoples, fishermen, miners, traditional peoples, makers of artifacts in silver, in the municipalities of Diamantina and Serro and pottery in the municipalities of the Jequitinhonha Valley; Mosaics of the High Jequitinhonha – Serra do Cabral and Vale do Rio Doce: Quilombola communities, indigenous peoples of Carmésia, miners, fishermen, craftsmen, potters.

This scenario includes a representative of the traditional communities as a member of the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, Mr. Ailton Krenak, who is one of the founders of the Union of Indigenous Nations and the Alliance of the Forest People, in addition to the Nucleus of Indigenous Culture, Indigenous Program and various initiatives of pan-indigenous struggles. Additionally, there are projects that add value to traditional knowledge within the Biosphere Reserve and for the uses of biodiversity, geodiversity and ethnic-scientific studies (ethnobiology, ethnobotany, ethnozoology, ethnocartography, ethnic-geomorphology), including their territory as axes of discussion and dissemination.

The following projects, programs and publications that deal with the issues of traditional knowledge and its incorporation in the management processes of the RBSE and in the reference and guiding documents of Conservation Units, according to the Management Plans: TABLE 6: PROJECTS, PROGRAMS AND PUBLICATIONS THAT HAVE BEEN DEALING WITH THE USE OF TRADITIONAL AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RBSE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (2005-2015).

TITLE Agro-ecology, Agro-exploitation, food security and income generation in traditional communities of Southern Ridge/High Valley of Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais

CLASSIFICATION

INSTITUTION

YEAR

Extension project

UFVJM

2010

University Trásos-Montes e Alto Douro (Portugal) Biotrópicos Institute UFVJM

The Paintings of the Lapa of Dance in the Context of Rupestrian Art of the Serra do Cabral - Minas Gerais - Brazil

Dissertation

Local knowledge and perception of nature as environmental education tool in neighboring communities to the State Park of Rio Preto, Minas Gerais

Article

Knowledge and Uses of Terrestrial Fauna by Rural Residents of the Serra de Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Article

UFOP

2012

Charter

Coordination of Inclusion and Social Mobilization

2014

Rights of Traditional People and Communities (Link: http://conflitosambientaismg.lcc.ufmg.br/wpcontent/uploads/2014/04/Cartilha-Povos-tradicionais.pdf)

2008

2012

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) (CIMOS)Prosecutors of Minas Gerais (MPMG) Among the stones: the prehistoric occupations and graphics drawings of the Diamantina, Minas Gerais

Thesis

USP

2009

Ethnical-cartography and analysis of the Values of Geo-diversity and Traditional Communities Artisans in soapstone at the Iron Quadrangle region – Minas Gerais

Dissertation

UFMG

2014

Ethnic-zoology and biodiversity conservation in rural communities of the Serra de Ouro Branco

Dissertation

UFOP

2011

Incorporating the local ecological knowledge in the conservation of the lizards of the Serra do Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Article

UFOP

2015

Lessons from the Land

Extension Project

PUC Minas

20062015

Mapping of Traditional peoples and communities in Minas Gerais: Evaluation and socio-political inclusion

Program

FAFICH-UFMG

20122015

Evergreen Women

Extension project

UFMG

20132015

Cultural landscape and traditional agricultural techniques: preservation and sustainability in Serro (MG)

Article

UFMG

2009

Extension project

PUC Minas

20092010

Research and extension project

PUC Minas

20072010

Research and extension project

PUC Minas and The Parauninha Community Association

20112015

Environmental education project for water resources of Parauninha: Riverside communities as environmental sustainability promoters in the State Park of Serra do Intendente Structural design of social-environmental Extension Network in Metallurgical Mining Regions: the APA South, its mosaic of Conservation Units and the surrounding communities ("Social and Environmental Network - APA SOUTH RMBH") Social Network for the Promotion of Environmental and Cultural Heritage in the region of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, around the State Park of the Serra do Intendente ("Social-Environmental and Cultural Network of the Parauninha")Project Fapemig CRA-APQ-02511 -11/PROEX PUC Minas2012/7194-1S/Oi Futuro 2013

A major highlight in RBSE: "Traditional Quilombola Communities" Traditional Quilombola Communities are a highlight as living space of traditional knowledge, which dates back to the history of Brazil and, certainly, of Minas Gerais. The quilombos were considered places where black people gathered and rebelled against the colonial regime.

With the Federal Constitution of 1988, the term "quilombo" had his concept expanded so that, today, it is considered "the whole area occupied by remnants of the former quilombos communities". Currently, these communities go through identification, self-definition and certification, administrative steps that are under responsibility of the Palmares Cultural Foundation, to which they are assigned to legality and inalienable 63

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) ownership of their territories. The possession guarantees the access to fundamental rights defined in the Federal Constitution.

In this case, the importance for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve is that due to the opulence of gold and diamond cycle from the 17th to the 19th Centuries, the black peoples supported the mines of diamonds and gold in Minas Gerais with slave labor and with a large number of deaths, resulting in a overwhelmed culture among other negative aspects of the time. Thus, the territories where the afro-Brazilian people live mean more than Yesple spaces. The quilombos rely on their land to guarantee the existing subsistence of the group with high historical and cultural importance, because it is where the transmissions of ethical and moral values occur, a knowledge defined by the demonstrations, by traditions and respect to ancestry.

That social identity is one of the largest cultural attributes in the RBSE. In this context, the southern part of RBSE, according to Ruchkys et al. (2012), the contribution of the mixture of races and cultures in the colonial era, which made the Iron Quadrangle a civilizing and cultural cradle, allowed the emergence of an artistic movement of architecture, literature and music (such as Baroque art, the first literary movements, resulting in a large collection of assets).

So, for the periodic review, the distribution of traditional communities focused on the 89 Quilombola communities located within the Biosphere Reserve.

TABLE 7: TRADITIONAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (CEDEFES, 2010; PALMARES FOUNDATION, 2015).

CERTIFIED BY FUNDAÇÃO NAME OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF RBSE QUILOMBOLAS PALMARES 4

Alvorada de Minas Belo Horizonte Belo Vale

Bocaiuva Bom Jesus do Amparo Brumadinho Caeté Coluna

Conceição do Mato Dentro Contagem Couto de Magalhães de Minas Curvelo

Escadinha de Cima Luízes Mangueiras Manzo Ngunzo Kaiango Boa Morte Chacrinha dos Pretos Comunidade da Boa Morte Bora Peixoto Senhorinha dos Santos Palmito Mocambo Felipe Córrego do Feijão Marinhos e Rodrigues Ribeirão Sapé Felipe Furtuoso Pitangueiras Suassuí Varjão Buraco Candeias Cubas Congonhas do Norte Três Barras Arturos Canjicas Passar de Pedra

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No

4 Certifications issued to the remaining communities of quilombos (CRQS) updated until Ordinance No.- 84, de 8 de junho de 2015.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Diamantina Dom Joaquim Ferros Gouveia Jaboticatubas Jeceaba Jequitaí Jequitibá Materlândia Moeda Monjolos Ouro Branco Ouro Preto Piranga Presidente Juscelino Rio Piracicaba

Sabinópolis

Santa Bárbara Santa Luzia

Santa Maria de Itabira Santana do Riacho Santo Antonio do Itambe

Serro

São Goncalo do Rio Abaixo São Goncalo do Rio Preto

Bau Mata dos Crioulos Quartel de Indaia Vargem do Inhaí Córrego Cachoeira Ribeirão Xambá Mendonca Espinho Açude Cipó Berto Mato do Tição Bananal Mato Felix Buriti dos Neves Quilombo Lagoa Trindade Dr. Campolina Botelho Bufão Coqueiros Taquaraçu Rodeador Guidoval Lavras Novas Santo Antônio de Pinheiros Altos Santo Antônio do Guiné Bacalhau Capão Caiambola Caxambu Córrego Mestre Córrego São Domingos Maritaca Quilombo Santa Bárbara e Barra São José do Quilombo Quilombo Sesmaria Cachoeira de Florália Pinhões Santa Rita Barro Preto São Pedro Quilombo Macuco Florença Xiru Botafogo Mata dos Crioulos Martins Ausente Baú Comunidade do Ó (Milho Verde) Ribeirão dos Porcos Rua Vila Nova (São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras) Santa Cruz Vila Nova Quilombo Rio das Pedras

No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No No

65

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 11: MAP OF THE TRADITIONAL QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN 2015.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2.3.7 Community cultural development initiatives, programs and actions to promote community language, and, both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Are spiritual and cultural values and customary practices promoted and transmitted?

In RBSE, cultural projects are developed in statements, considering the Espinhaço Range as territorial axis.

It is important to mention the law of the State of Minas Gerais, which, by means of Law nº 18,030-2009, forwards the resources from the Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services (ICMS) for municipalities to preserve their memory and their cultural production 5 (Cultural ICMS). IEPHA, with participation in the State Committee of the RBSE, is responsible for the preparation and analysis of the criteria for the allocation of resources, in addition to providing assistance to municipalities.

We highlight relevant initiatives for the region, the projects aimed at rescuing and valuing the history and culture of local communities, the development of information and interpreting tools and culture in the RBSE. Among these, we include:

a) Live Culture Program - Culture Points: cultural or collective cultural entities certified by the Ministry of Culture of Brazil;

b) The records of intangible cultural heritage, such as the way of bell ringing in historic towns of the RBSE as Ouro Preto and Diamantina; the artisanal way of making cheese in the municipality of Serro; the religious parties, such as the Jubilee in Conceição do Mato Dentro;

c) Social-environmental and Cultural Network project of the Parauninha - cultural rescue through oral history accounts, culminating in the creation of a Documentary, titled "PARAUNINHA: entre serras, pelas águas, com gente", for making leaflets of Cordel literature and genealogies of the families that resided in the Parauninha River Basin, in Conceição do Mato Dentro in the Southern Ridge;

d) Mapping of traditional peoples and communities of Minas Gerais: Evaluation and social-political Inclusion (FAFICH-UFMG) – aims to promote the identification of identity categories and the recovery of their own ways of being and living, contributing to the promotion of individual and collective rights of such peoples and communities; and

e) Actions of the Royal Road Institute, whose aim is to organize, promote and manage the Royal Road tourist product. The Institute is connected to the FIEMG system with representation on the State Committee of RBSE and has a multidisciplinary team. Initiatives include the appreciation of the historical and cultural heritage, support to tourism, the preservation and revitalization of the surroundings of the ancient Royal Roads (Old and New Paths, Diamantes and Sabarabuçu), especially in Minas Gerais.

5 The municipality with a protection law, with a asset municipal council that protects the cultural goods through official registration to inventory the goods, restore and care to get more resources to improve their quality of life, considering the story, culture and selfsteem (IEPHA, 2009).

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

TABLE 8: LIST OF CULTURE SPOTS LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: MINISTRY OF CULTURE - CULTURE PORTAL VIVA, 2015).

ENTIDADE RESPONSÁVEL PONTO DE CULTURA MUNICÍPIO AMAS – Associação Municipal de Assistência Social

Origens: Culturas em Movimento

Belo Horizonte

Associação Crespúsculo – Arte, Saúde e Educação Sem Barreiras

Diversidade em Ponto

Belo Horizonte

Associação Cultural do Grupo do Beco

Casa do Beco – Ponto de Cultura

Belo Horizonte

Associação Cultural Eu Sou Angoleiro

Flor do Cascalho – Raízes de Ancestralidade Gerando Flores de Cidadania Pontão de Cultura Digital: Cidades Invisíveis

Belo Horizonte

Belo Horizonte

Associação Imagem Comunitária

Quintal de Cultura – Formação e Descentralização de Ações Audiovisuais Centro de Mídias da Juventude

Associação Querubins

Querubins Comunidade em Rede

Belo Horizonte

Associação Teatro Terceira Margem

Caravana de Artesania

Belo Horizonte

Centro de Referência da Juventude – CONTATO

Cine Aberto e Laboratoriais de Filmes do Aglomerado da Serra

Belo Horizonte

Centro Popular de Cultura e Desenvolvimento – CPCDMG

Cinema Meninos de Araçuaí

Belo Horizonte

Centro Recreação de Atendimento e Defesa da Criança

Circo de Todo Mundo

Belo Horizonte

Comunidade Santo Antônio – COMUNA S.A.

Programa de Formação em Gestão Cultural

Belo Horizonte

Comunidade Santo Antônio – COMUNA S.A.

Pontão de Formação em Gestão Cultural

Belo Horizonte

Favela É Isso Aí

Favela É Isso Aí – Centro de Referência em Cultura Popular Urbana

Belo Horizonte

Fundação de Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa – Fundep

Centro de Convergência de Novas Mídias

Belo Horizonte

Grupo Artístico Cultural Quatro Crescente

Ponto de Cultura dos Portadores de Talentos Especiais

Belo Horizonte

Grupo Cultural Nuc

Grupo Cultural Nuc – Pontão de Cultura

Belo Horizonte

Grupo Cultural Nuc

Programa de Formação Centro Multiculturalismo Comunitário

Belo Horizonte

Grupo Folclórico Aruanda

Aruanda – Projetando o Folclore Brasileiro

Belo Horizonte

Grupo Iunaa Capoeira Angola

“DIM DIM DOM…Berimbau chamou, eu vou”

Belo Horizonte

Associação de Desenvolvimento da Radiodifusão de Minas Gerais Associação Filmes de Quintal

Belo Horizonte

Belo Horizonte

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Humbiumbi Arte Cultura e Educação

Humbiumbi – Raízes Africanas

Belo Horizonte

ICEC – Instituto Cidadania, Educação e Cultura

Oficinas Pedagógicas de Prosa, Poesia e Teatro

Belo Horizonte

Instituto Museu Giramundo

Museu Vivo Giramundo

Belo Horizonte

Memória Gráfica – Typographia Escola de Gravura

De Gutemberg a Bill Gates

Belo Horizonte

Será Quê? Cultural

A Fábrica – Reforma e Implantação

Belo Horizonte

Sociedade Artística Mirim de Belo Horizonte – Projeto Cariúnas

Ponto de Cultura Parque Escola Caríunas

Belo Horizonte

Teatro Negro e Atitude

Ponto de Cultura Espaço Artístico Cultural Cor (Tição)

Belo Horizonte

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Pontão de Cultural da UFMG

Belo Horizonte

Associação do Patrimônio Histórico, Artístico e Ambiental de Belo Vale – APHAABV Fundação Municipal de Cultura, Lazer e Turismo – FUMCULT

Ponto de Cultura do Arraial da Boa Morte – Resgate Cultural dos Sertões das Gerais Casa da Juventude

Belo Vale Congonhas

Fundação Educacional do Vale do Jequitinhonha

Jequitinhonha sobre Rodas – Ponto de Cultura Itinerante

Diamantina

Fundação Educacional do Vale do Jequitinhonha

Ponto de Cultura – Nas Trilhas da Cidadania Cultural

Diamantina

Fundação Cultural Carlos Drummond de Andrade

Projeto de Equipamento do Centro Cultural Fazenda do Pontal

Itabira

Fundação Cultural Carlos Drummond de Andrade

Itabira

Serviço Social da Indústria (SESI)

Aquisição de Mobiliário e Equipamentos para a Casa de Drummond – Centro de Inclusão Digital Ponto Volante de Cultura

Mariana

Instituto Kairós

Tecnologia como Transformação Cultural

Nova Lima

Associação Sócio Cultural os Bem-Te-Vis

Arte para Todos

Ouro Branco

Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Ouro Preto (CEFET Ouro Preto)

Timbalê – Centro Cultural de Aprendizagem

Ouro Preto

Ação Faça uma Família Sorrir

TV Murinho

Sabará

Associação Projeto Presente

Ponto de Cultura e Ambiental da Serra do Cipó

Associação de Desenvolvimento Comunitário e Ação Social do Clube das Mães de São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras Instituto Milho Verde – IMV

Raízes do Sertão

Santana do Riacho Serro

Cordão Cultural por Milho Verde: Fazer Saber para Tornar Fazer e Poder Contar

Serro

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2.3.8 Specify the number of spoken and written languages (including ethnic, minority and endangered languages) in the Biosphere Reserve. Has there been a change in the number of spoken and written languages?

Has there been a revitalization programme for endangered languages?

The official language in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve is the Portuguese.

It is important to highlight the presence of the Pataxó people, originating in the South of Bahia, living in the Guarani Farm in the town of Carmésia, Minas Gerais, belonging to the territory of RBSE since the 1970 and with approximately 300 people. The Pataxó are an indigenous people of the Maxacali language family, Macro-jê linguistic branch.

For many years, the Pataxó language was almost forgotten and extinct, but through scientific research, teachers and leaders of the Pataxó people of Bahia began a process of language revitalization. They talked with elders and were able to rescue words that were used on a daily basis and present in the songs.

After much research and study, they named the language as Patxohã, whose meaning is: pat are the initials of Pataxó: atxohã is the language and Xôhã is the warrior.

Currently, the patxohã is taught in Pataxó schools for children with the purpose of keeping the culture alive not only through language but also from a whole cultural work performed by indigenous teachers, who act as cultural agents and re-publishers of the local knowledge.

We also mention the importance of the quilombola culture in the formation of cultural identity in the RBSE. The quilombola population of Minas Gerais is largely from the Bantu people. All dialects identified in Minas Gerais are from the array of African Linguistics. The cultural and social reminiscences come from populations of this great African ethno-linguistic territory. In the communities of Ausente, in the municipality of Serro, Mato do Tição, in the municipality of Jaboticatubas, and Quartel do Indaiá, in Diamantina, the lexical source comes from the Bantu. Africans from other countries were also brought to Minas Gerais, mainly in the 19th Century (CEDEFES, 2008).

2.3.9 Management effectiveness. Obstacles encountered in the management/coordination of the Biosphere Reserve or challenges to its effective functioning.

Brazil has a nice framework sustained at law No. 9,998 of 2000 establishing the National System of Conservation Units. Among many aspects, there is a set of strategies guaranteed in this law, in its chapter VI, article 41, which deals with Biosphere Reserves. On one hand, it is a gain for the Territory of Biosphere Reserves in Brazil. On the other hand, it still faces structural issues because in Brazil, the Biosphere Reserves are legally Conservation Units, in a broad framework and coherent with the foreboding of MaB. There are environmental compensation strategies for potentially impactful projects that provide resources for Conservation Units. In this case, there is no investment forecast for environmental compensation for the management of Biosphere Reserves. It would be a major gain for the continuous development of the Action Plan, guaranteeing greater effectiveness within the budgetary provision, in addition to active participation in the process of environmental licensing ventures of great impact to the environment.

Other issues that are obstacles to better management of the Biosphere Reserve: 1- The absence of a Designer Project of the Government of Minas Gerais to take the Biosphere Reserve as a priority to Territorial Planning Unit and regional development investments.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2- The Government of the State of Minas Gerais has not made the necessary investments or supported the ideal arrangements for the development of the Action Plan of the Biosphere Reserve, or even granted logistical support, as provided in the Decree of the State Committee.

3- Lack of resources from environmental compensation intended for the Biosphere Reserve.

4- Changes of Governments, need to regain partners and redefine responsibilities for supporting the management of the Biosphere Reserve 5- The State Decree that establishes the State Committee for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve designates the institutions. Thus, in some cases, there is the avoidance of some of them, restricting the participation of other official institutions that are direct partners in the process.

6- COBRAMAB has been quiet and often defaulting as for institutional support; the guarantee of resources for the financing of the Action Plan of the Biosphere Reserve, which has also influenced the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves, which is still active and has not achieved their responsibilities.

2.4 Comment on the following matters of special interest in regard to this Biosphere Reserve.

2.4.1 Is the Biosphere Reserve addressed specifically in any local, regional or/and national development plan?

If so, what plan(s)? Briefly describe such plans that have been completed or revised in the past 10 years.

a) Integrated Development Master Plan for the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte – PDDI-RMBH – State Department for Regional Development and Urban Policy (Sedru), the Government of the State of Minas Gerais.

It is presented as a proposal of territorial restructuring of the RMBH, which has 2023 as medium-term time reference, and 2050 as a long-term goal.

The structural perspective at medium and long term exceeds the operational search of immediate solutions for urgent problems that plague the metropolitan community and seek to be a reference for guiding the action of public and private entities and civil society towards building a more dynamic, egalitarian and sustainable RMBH. b) National Action Plan for conservation of endangered species in the Serra do Espinhaço (PAN Herpetofauna of the Ridge), Ordinance No. 24 of February 17, 2012, rectified by Ordinance n° 125 in November 8, 2012-ICMBio. To establish actions aimed at conservation of natural resources of the Serra do Espinhaço, in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), is performed in the National Action Plan for Conservation of Endangered Species in the Serra do Espinhaço (PAN Herpetofauna do Espinhaço) (ANNEX V), in accordance with the Ordinance No. 24 of February 17, 2012, rectified by Ordinance n° 125 in November 8, 2012 the ICMBio. The Action Plan has the participation of the following institutions: Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, State Forest Institute of Minas Gerais, the state parks of Serra do Intendente and the Pico do Itambé, Serra do Cipó National Park, Bicho do Mato Environment Ltd, University of São Paulo, Federal University of Viçosa, Federal University of Ouro Preto, University of Campinas, EcoVida Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) c) Regional Strategic Plan around Large Mining Projects in the Middle Espinhaço The Regional Strategic Plan around large mining enterprises has been designed with attention to cities that will receive private enterprises able to significantly change the regional structure, such as the region of the Middle Espinhaço. Such document has the permanent focus on sustainable development, with an innovative perspective regarding environmental protection with its potential of economic activities.

2.4.2 Outcomes of management/cooperation plans of government agencies and other organizations in the Biosphere Reserve.

Current results of the National Action Plan for conservation of endangered species in the Serra do Espinhaço (PAN Herpetofauna of Ridge):

By Ordinance No. 444/MMA 2014, PAN sets out conservation actions for the target species, i.e. all reptiles and amphibians included in any endangered category (CR, EN, VU) in the national list of endangered fauna species in the RBSE. The PAN will also include as benefited species all those of reptiles and amphibians that are endangered in the official list of Minas Gerais and those categorized as near threatened (NT) and data deficient (DD) on the last national assessment and on the geographic PAN. After republication of PAN's Ordinance, there were covered by 18 species in the area of the PAN, being 5 target and 14 benefited species.

Target Species Four Lizards: Heterodactylus lundii (VU) Placosoma cipoense (EN), Enyalius erythroceneus (CR) and Heterodactylus septentrionalis (EN) An amphibian: Physalaemus maximus (VU) Benefited Species Five Amphibians: Physalaemus deimaticus (DD), Physalaemus erythros (DD), Scinax pinima (DD), Scinax cabralensis (DD), Crossodactylodes Itambé (DD) A Chelonia: Hydromedusa maximiliani (DD) Five Lizards: Acratosaura spinosa (DD), Anotosaura collaris (DD), Rhachisaurus brachylepis (DD), Stenocercus tricristatus (DD) Psilophthalmus paeminosus (NT), Three Snakes: Atractus spinalis (DD), Philodryas laticeps (DD), Tropidophis preciosus (DD) Note: Re-categorization Because of the national evaluation of the conservation status of reptiles and amphibians, which in turn directs the PANs, five species were excluded from lists of target species and benefited: The frog Phyllomedusa ayeaye (VU) came out of the red list, being re-categorised as least concern (LC).

The snakes Philodryas agassizii and Liophis maryellenae (Erythrolamprus maryellenae) and lizards Cercosaura schreibersi and Heterodactylus imbricatus, which were framed as data deficient (DD) were recategorized as least concern (LC).

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The National Action Plan for the conservation of reptiles and amphibians threatened with Extinction in the Serra do Espinhaço have 10 specific goals: Goal 1 – Increase taxonomic knowledge generating taxonomic, genetic and biological knowledge about the species in the PAN, within five years; Goal 2 – Promote the planning of Conservation Units inserted into the coverage area of the PAN, within five years; Goal 3 – Provide support to public use and the management of Conservation Units of the area of the PAN that benefit the conservation of the species, within five years; Goal 4 – Develop the participative management of Conservation Units and expand participation in collegiate bodies within five years; Goal 5 – Decrease the loss of habitat because of fires in the PAN area within five years; Goal 6 – Strengthen public policies related to the use and occupation of the soil and water resources affecting the areas of occurrence of the PAN species, within five years; Goal 7 – Establish and implement strategies to improve quality and connectivity of habitat in Conservation Units and priorities for conservation of the PAN species within five years; Goal 8 – Increase awareness about invasive and exquisite species and evaluate the consequences of their presence to the target species of the PAN and implement prevention and control measures; Goal 9 – Promote permanent cooperation between managers of Conservation Units and other partners to stimulate integrated actions, aimed at the solution of threats and conflicts between conservation of species and extraction and/or use of natural resources, within five years; and Goal 10 - Develop education for sustainability practices that support different sizes of local development, such as: social and environmental entrepreneurship, stimulate the generation of group autonomy, optimization of the potential of human diversity, formation of a cooperative culture and improvement of human relationships with the environment, benefiting the PAN species within five years.

We present the Panel Management below, with the results after the third meeting. It is possible to follow the implementation of actions:

3% 16%

19%

Home subsequent planned Not completed or not started Ongoing problems

34%

28%

Ongoing as planned Completed

IMAGE 12: MANAGEMENT PANEL WITH THE RESULTS AFTER THE THIRD MEETING OF MONITORING THE NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE CONSERVATION OF REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS THREATENED WITH EXTINCTION IN THE SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2.4.3 Continued involvement of local people in the work of the Biosphere Reserve. Which communities, groups, etc. How are they involved?

Above all, the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve is a strategic environment to make the discussions and work of the the RBSE participatory; it is composed of representatives of various sectors that comprehends the entire reserve territory.

The form of action and participation in the management of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve occurs in several ways. The forums are favorable scenarios for discussion and participative decisions. There are several management forums within the RBSE, including the river basin committees and subcommittees.

Among the Basin committees, we have the Paraopeba River, the Rio das Velhas, Piranga River, Piracicaba River, Santo Antônio River, tributaries of the upper Jequitinhonha, Araçuai River, Suaçuí Grande River, Jequitaí and Jacuí.

The Municipal Environment Councils (CODEMAs have decision-making autonomy and participatory democracy where citizens collaborate in the preparation, implementation processes and monitoring of public policies, providing suitable environments for continuous participation of the community.

The State Council of Environmental Policy (COPAM) is a regulatory, advisory and deliberative body, subordinate to the State Secretary for Environment and Sustainable Development. It is structured in the collegiate system, participatory management, being responsible for the standardization of public policy deliberation and formalized by the State System of Environment and Water Resources-SISEMA (SEMAD, FEAM, IGAM and IEF). The COPAM is organized into seven Specialized Chambers, which have the competence to act in the preparation of standards, aiming at the protection and preservation of the environment, in their respective areas of expertise.

The Advisory Boards of Conservation Units are spaces that encourage the participation of society in the management and implementation of the CUs, allowing the surrounding communities to be identified as members and responsible for the local natural heritage. In addition, these spaces are favorable for discussions with possibility of convergence of interests and objectives of integration of biodiversity protection and local and regional development. The following Conservation Units in the RBSE have formed advisory councils at the state level: TABLE 9: STATE CONSERVATION UNITS WITH EXISTING COUNCIL BY-LAWS, THE CURRENT ORDINANCE, THE DATE OF POSSESSION AND ORDER OF THE REGIMENT.

Ordinance on the rules of procedure Waiting for regulatory deliberation of the Copam

CONSERVATION UNIT

Current Council

Internal Regulations

Current Ordinance

Date of possesion

APA Estadual SUL RMBH

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 79 of 7/29/2014

-

Yes

No

Paragraph 171 of 11/11/2013

-

-

No

No

-

-

-

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

ESEC Estadual Tripui

Yes

No

ESEC Estadual Cercadinho

No

No

APA Estadual Seminário Menor de Mariana APA Estadual Cachoeira das Andorinhas APA Estadual Águas Vertentes ESEC Estadual de Arêdes

Paragraph 140 of 9/2/2013 Paragraph 126 of 7/31/2013 Paragraph 171 of 11/11/2013 -

09/02/2013 -

Paragraph 24 of 01/09/2013 Paragraph 110 of 10/16/2014

-

-

-

-

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) ESEC Estadual Fechos

No

No

-

-

FLO Estadual Uaimii MONA Estadual Serra da Piedade MONA Estadual Pico do Itabirito MONA Estadual Várzea do Lajeado e Serra do Raio MONA Estadual Serra da Moeda

No

Yes

-

-

Paragraph 196 of 09/26/2005 -

No

No

-

-

-

No

No

-

-

-

No

No

Paragraph 140 of 09/02/2013

09/19/2012

-

Sim

Sim

MONA Estadual Itatiaia

Sim

Sim

-

Paragraph 110 of 10/16/2014 Paragraph 145 of 11/13/2014

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 126 of 07/31/2013 Paragraph 45 of 03/21/2013 Paragraph 23 of 03/17/2014

No

No

-

-

-

Yes

Yes

-

Paragraph 145 of 11/13/2014

Yes

No

-

-

Yes

Yes

11/21/2012

Paragraph 113 of 07/15/2013

PAR Estadual Itacolomi

Yes

No

-

-

PAR Estadual Rio Preto

Yes

Yes

23/10/2014

Paragraph 251/2009

Yes

Yes

No

No

PAR Estadual Biribiri

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 67 of 06/17/2014

PAR Estadual Serra do Rola Moça

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 32 of 05/09/2014

PAR Estadual Mata do Limoeiro PAR Estadual Serra do Cipó PAR Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco PAR Estadual Serra do Cabral PAR Estadual Serra do Intendente

PAR Estadual Pico do Itambé PAR Estadual Baleia

Source: State Institute of forests (2015).

Paragraph 45 of 03/21/2013 Paragraph 131, of 10/24/2014 Paragraph 186 of 11/21/2012 Paragraph 171 of 11/11/2013 Paragraph 130 of 10/23/2014 Paragraph 78 of 07/29/2014 -

29/07/2014 06/17/2014

Paragraph 121 of 06/22/2011 Paragraph 147 of 09/15/2011 Paragraph 196, of 09/26/2005

The Board of Mosaics is also another favorable environment for participation and dialogue with the local community, constituting the Mosaic of the Jequitinhonha High Ridge and Serra do Cabral (State Park of the Serra do Cabral, Biribiri State Park, Rio Preto State Park, Pico do Itambé State Park, Serra Negra State Park, Mata dos Ausentes Ecological Station, Água das Vertentes Environmental Protection Area.

Recognition Ordinance: MMA No. 444, November 26, 2010).

2.4.4 Women’s roles.

Women play a key role in the development of RBSE actions. First, it is essential to note their presence in State Committee of the RBSE, with the involvement of 12 women, among office holders and alternates of the participating entities.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 10: WOMEN BELONGING TO THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.

INSTITUTION

NAME

REPRESENTATION

SEMAD

Mariana Antunes Pimenta

Alternate

IGAM

Regina Pimenta Assunção

Holder

IBAMA

Juliana Gonçalves

Alternate

Municipality of Conceição do Mato Dentro

Denise Araújo Salviano

Alternate

Municipal Government of Jaboticatubas

Adelaide Izabel Marques

Alternate

FIEMG (Instituto Royal Road)

Thais Rêgo de Oliveira

Holder

Agricultural Sector-FAEMG

Mariana P. Ramos

Holder

Agricultural Sector-FAEMG

Ana Paula Bicalho de Mello

Alternate

Biodiversitas Foundation

Gláucia Drummond

Alternate

Terra Brasilis Institute

Sônia Rigueira

Holder

Brazilian Institute of Development and Sustainability (IABS)

Patrícia Reis

Holder

Brazilian Institute of Development and Sustainability (IABS)

Cláudia Simeão

Alternate

It should be also noted the management and co-management of the Nucleus Areas of the RBSE headed by women, as in the case of the Pico do Itambé State Park (Manager: Silvia Jussara Duarte), and 9 State Committees of Water Basins in the territory of the RBSE that contribute directly with their management and zoning, as occurred in: •

Presidency and the Assistant Secretariat for the Committee of the Suaçuí River Water Basin, whose positions are occupied respectively by Luciane Teixeira Martins and Waleska Bretas Armond Mendes.

•

Secretariat of Committee of the Water Basin for the Jequitaí-Pacuí Rivers, whose position is occupied by Mrs. Sirléia Márcia de Oliveira Drumond.

•

Presidency of the Committee of the Water Basin for the Minas Gerais Tributaries of the Upper Jequitinhonha, whose position is occupied by Mrs. Carla Cristina de Oliveira Silva.

•

Presidency of Committee of the Water Basin for the Araçuaí River, whose position is occupied by Mrs. Cléa Amorim de Araújo.

Within the framework of projects seeking to rescue and promote the role of women in the territory of the RBSE, we highlight: 1) Project Evergreen Women – independent documental project with life stories, everyday landscapes and memories of the women of the Espinhaço Range (www.facebook.com/mulheressemprevivas).

Researcher Marina Moss and photographer and journalist Thiago Almeida seek, through this project, gathering life stories of women, who with their bare hands cast part of the landscapes of the Espinhaço.

This project generated publications dealing with the history, culture and the role of women in the Espinhaço Ridge, namely: 76

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) a) ARTICLE - Black women, Always Alive, the Espinhaço Range: independent project that documents the life stories and everyday landscapes of daughters and granddaughters of slaves in communities of Serra do Espinhaço in Minas Gerais; b) ARTICLE - Landscape and photography, a reflection on the Cultural Heritage of the Espinhaço Range: Project Evergreen Women; and c) DISSERTATION – An Exploratory Look on the Urban Phenomenon, its Consequences and the Unknown Territories in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve: the Urban Cores of Lavras Novas, Serra do Cipó and Milho Verde.

IMAGE 13: SPACE INSERTION OF URBAN CENTERS SURVEYED IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: KNEGT; MOSS, 2014).

77

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) As an example, it is worth noting the important role of women in traditional economic activities that contribute to the development of local communities in the territory of the ridge and the surroundings of their Nucleus Zones: •

Coal bunkers and greengrocers,

•

Tea and evergreen harvesters,

•

Wood harvesters in the District of Lavras Novas, in Ouro Preto,

•

Miners and artisans and potters in the region of Alto Jequitinhonha,

•

Healers and farmers of Águas Vertentes,

•

Guardians of the Candomble drums in the Serra do Cipó,

•

Hosts of crossings and Queens and the party of the Marujada and the Congo in Conceição do Mato Dentro,

•

Artisans in soapstone artifacts of Santa Rita de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto; and in Cachoeira do Brumado, district of Mariana (the mining process of making soapstone Cookware is under registry as Intangible Cultural Heritage of Minas Gerais by IEPHA).

Within the legislation of the State of Minas Gerais, it is important to highlight the progress in the last ten years, which fostered the participation of women in decision-making processes: •

2007: Creation of Special Coordination of Public Policies for Women (CEPAM) – aiming at developing and coordinating public policies for women in Minas Gerais, establishing gender transversality.

•

2007: II Conference on Policies for Women.

•

2008: Signing of the National Pact for Combating Violence Against Women by the Government of Minas Gerais with the Special Secretariat of Policies for Women of the Presidency of the Republic. The management at state level is performed by CEPAM, whose results contributed to the development and improvement of public policies for women in the State of Minas Gerais.

•

2011: III Conference on Policies for Women – Foundations for the State Plan of Policies for Women in Minas Gerais.

•

2014: State Plan of Policies for Women in Minas Gerais – Document produced with the participation of representatives of civil society, rural and urban women movements, representatives of the Quilombola, feminists, social movements, the State Council of Women, public and private companies, among other organizations. This plan relates to the promotion, guarantee and protection of the rights of women; it sets goals, priorities, objectives and actions for the implementation of priority public policy actions by the Government of the State of Minas Gerais.

78

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Other initiatives that involve women in the Biosphere Reserve:

-The Hikers of the Royal Road.

The Association of Hikers of the Royal Road (ACER) is a non-profit organization that promotes, conducts and coordinates walks with a group of 80 women, entrepreneurs, master teachers and doctors, political, judges, architects, journalists, nurses, educators, artists, lawyers, among others, in the route of the Royal Road.

During the walk, they stimulate the development of the visited communities, with works in the areas of culture, education, environment, tourism and promotion of actions aimed at the preservation and exploitation of the historical, artistic and environmental heritage.

The Association of Hikers embraces the project "Tree is Life", designed by the International Federation of Business and Professional Women – BPW, registered at the UN and present in 90 countries. The focus in this project is the planting of native trees in the surrounding region and near the Royal Road. In addition to providing the vegetal re-composition and expansion in bare areas and Permanent Preservation Areas (top of hills, riverbanks and streams, protection of springs), the trees at strategic points form malls and woods, extending the tourist attractions for this national tourism heritage.

-Cultural and Community Association Always Alive and the project Women of Cerrado São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras, Minas Gerais.

In the region of São Gonçalo do Rio das Pedras, district of Serro, the Sempre-Viva Association, led by a group of women, found in the site a way to transform their reality, generate income and improve the lives of their families and the community using natural resources in a sustainable way and valuing traditional knowledge (BRAZIL FOUNDATION, sd).

The Sempre-Viva Association has existed since 1985. In 2004, it started a project to meet the women of the community so that they could express themselves freely, seeking solutions to transform the picture of domestic violence and the scarcity of economic resources to which they were subjected. In less than a month, about 30 women were already part of the Group and the Organization began to be designed. In 2005, through the project Women of Cerrado, there was an accomplished work of collecting and replanting native medicinal plants for the manufacture of cosmetics. The income generated by the marketing of products enabled the increase the participation of women in the domestic economy, supplementing the family income. Today, the Evergreen Association provides various services to the community, such as Tapestry, Nursery/Infant School and Community Tele-center (BRAZIL FOUNDATION, sd).

The financial support of the Brazil Foundation for the project of Women in Cerrado 2005 enabled the qualification of 30 women in the use of plants for the production of cosmetics. In addition to marketing for generation of income, women themselves also use the beauty products. Although the products are being marketed with success, the biggest result of the project was the improvement of life and self-esteem of women, who are better organized to generate income and achieve sustainable development projects (BRAZIL FOUNDATION, sd). This project had the participation of the Municipality of Serro, universities and local institutions.

Results of the project according to the Brazil Foundation: • Constitution of the Bem Querer Association from the project Women of Cerrado; 79

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Training of 30 women in the preparation of cosmetics and medicinal plants and participation in workshops on gender for the knowledge of their rights and the strengthening of self-esteem; • Re-application of work for other three communities (communities of Boa Vista de Lajes, Capivari and Baú); and • Expansion of the work of the Group of women who now is running the project Scent of Cerrado production of incenses using native plants of the Cerrado.

2.4.5 Are there any changes in the main protection regime of the core area(s) and of the buffer zone(s)?

One of the major protection gains on the RBSE is the creation and implementation of new Conservation Units, either through compensation for environmental impacts caused by companies, by support through conservation programs like PROMata, among others. According to the Brazilian and state legislation, there are significant changes in core and buffer zones through the extension of full protection Conservation Units, which constitute the Core Areas, and an increase of Conservation Units for Sustainable Use and other attributes that define the buffer zone of the Biosphere Reserve.

The figures of existing Conservation Units in the RBSE in 2005 (85 CUs) state that in the last 10 years there has been a significant increase of Conservation Units, with 36 new CUs created until 2015, with a total of 121 CUs at this time. Until 2005, the Biosphere Reserve of Brazil had more than 263,041 acres in Integral Protection CUs, which represent the core areas of the RBSE. In addition, the RBSE also featured more than 1,070,891 hectares of CUs for sustainable use, which represent the buffer zones.

By 2015, there has been an increase of more than 60,000 hectares in full protection Conservation Units, representing an increase of more than 24% in areas considered as Core Areas. This number can be considered quite significant, since in recent years the initiatives for the creation of new Conservation Units have been becoming increasingly scarce due to various conflicts of interest between economic development and conservation of natural resources in the territory and in Brazil.

125 121

Conservation Units

120

117

115

113

110 105

104

100

98

95

93

90 85 80

106

96

89 85 199 até 2006 2005

2007

2008

2009 Year

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

IMAGE 14: CONSERVATION UNITS PRESENT IN THE RBSE - DETAILS OF THE CREATION OF UCS PER YEAR.

In addition, we highlight the research programs, National Action plans for the conservation of endangered species, the increase in the number of published works, as well as the support to development programs in these areas.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Thus, we present the synthesis of integral protection setting and sustainable use in the Biosphere Reserve, which are core zones and buffer zones.

2.4.6 What research and monitoring activities have been undertaken in the Biosphere Reserve by local universities, government agencies, stakeholders and/or linked with national and international programs?

The Espinhaço Range can be characterized by the vast wealth of minerals such as iron, gold, manganese and bauxite, in addition to housing one of the largest diversity of endemic species in the State of Minas Gerais and Brazil. Most of this mountain range lies within the boundaries of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, and quite often the site is home of scientific researches and monitoring activities.

In this context, we highlight the role of local universities: Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG); Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP); University of São Paulo (USP); Federal University of Viçosa (UFV); Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM); Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), among others.

International universities: National University of the Northeast (UNNE); Rhodes University; Technische Universität Clausthal.

Government Research institutes: CPRM – Geological Service of Brazil; René Rachou Research Center (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation); National Institute for Space Research (INPE); Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA); Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio); Ministry of Environment (MMA); City Parks Foundation of Belo Horizonte; Zoo-Botanical Foundation of Belo Horizonte; Municipal Secretary of Environment of Belo Horizonte, among others.

NGOs and Independent Researches: Biotrópicos Institute: Wildlife Research Institute; Prístino Institute; Biodiversitas Foundation; International Conservation (CI-Brazil), IABS, Terra Brasilis Institute, among others.

All the aforementioned universities and research institutes are developing or have developed a series of researches involving the physical and biological resources and integrated environmental monitoring within the area of the Biosphere Reserve. Some of these works are published in the form of article, chapter of book or magazine according to data described in items 6.1 and 6.2 of this report.

2.4.7. How have collective capacities for the overall governance of the Biosphere Reserve (e.g. organization of new networks of cooperation, partnerships) been strengthened?

a) Within the framework of the Managing Committee The main way of strengthening collective capacities has been through the Action Plan among the institutions represented on the Managing Committee.

During four workshops, the actions were defined according to five goals: •

Goal 1: Promote the conservation function of the RBSE.

•

Goal 2: Promote the development function of the RBSE.

•

Goal 3: Promote the function of logistic-scientific support and traditional knowledge of THE RBSE. 81

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) •

Goal 4: Facilitate the management of the RBSE Committee.

•

Goal 5: Promote the communication and marketing of the RBSE.

A detailed protocol was defined so that each action corresponding to a goal would be related to affinities of several institutions of the Managing Committee.

The next step refers to the detailing of action development, listing the activities, sources of funding, expected results and schedules. We observed that each institution contributes to the integration of their designs with other institutions. In many actions, the work optimization occurs specifically in the cooperation proposals.

- Example: Monitoring of Water Quality

A good practice that exemplifies this work is the partnership for monitoring of surface and ground water quality. The Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management (IGAM) performs this project through the Minas Water Project. Since 1997, it has been monitoring 62 surface water-sampling stations and a complete set of nine (9) parameters that are considered most representatives for the characterization of water quality: dissolved oxygen, coliform thermotolerant, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, total phosphate, variation of water temperature, turbidity and total solids.

- Water quality index - WQI 100% 90% 80%

1%

5% 28%

36%

25%

25%

24%

14% 25%

30%

34%

37%

70% 60% 50%

Excellent

54% 39% 36%

40%

48%

47%

48%

Good 53%

Medium

47% 50%

40%

Too bad

30% 20% 10% 0%

27% 1% 2005

32% 16% 2% 2006

Bad

1% 2007

25% 1% 2008

28% 1% 2009

28% 0% 2010

32% 0% 2011

21% 1% 2012

22% 1% 2013

15% 1% 2014

IMAGE 15: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WQI RANGES IN THE ESPINHAÇO RIDGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2005 TO 2014.

The results show that from 2005 to 2014, there was a predominance of medium or regular condition (Average WQI) in the RBSE. Compared to the last two years, there has been improvement of water quality, since there was an increase in the occurrence of good quality water (WQI) from 30% in 2013 to 34% in 2014 and predominance of the WQI, which increased from 47% in 2013 to 50% in the following year.

82

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The analysis revealed that the occurrence of Bad WQI had a reduction from 22% to 15% in 2014 and the excellent quality was present in 0.3% of results in 2014; occurrences of Very Bad WQI remained at 1%.

- Conducting cooperation proposals identifying the source of pollution: The main factors of environmental degradation contributing to the aforementioned results are the disposal of sewage in waters, in addition to inadequate soil management caused mainly by the activities of mining and the agricultural sector. The presentation made at the meeting of the Monitoring Committee so the institutions may organize to establish collaborative proposals for the strengthening of collective capabilities.

Other opportunities for strengthening collective capacities presented in the Committee: • Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation (Biodiversitas Foundation); • Atlantic Forest Market (RBMA); • COMBIO – Minas Gerais Congress of Biodiversity; • Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves; • Espinhaço Mosaic: High Jequitinhonha Mosaic - Serra do Cabral (Biotrópicos Institute); • Project of Ecological Corridors, World Natural Heritage sites, ARPA (RBAC); • Teacher Training Program "Water Messengers” (ACELN and France Libertés Brazil); • Social-environmental Network in Metallurgical Mineral Regions – APA SUL RMBH (PUC Minas); • Social-environmental and Cultural Network Project of Parauninha (ASPA); • Geo-Environmental Atlas (Prístino Institute and MPE); • Leveling workshops for both Counselors and Deputy Directors of the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

• Protection of natural monuments and landscape (State Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage of Minas Gerais-IEPHA); • Forest Inventory (Government of Minas Gerais); • Preparatory workshop on the Rio +20 (ACELN-France Libertés Brazil-PUC Minas) • Brazilian Commission for the Program "Man and Biosphere" – COBRAMaB; • Planning workshops - Strategic Action Plan (Managing Committee); • Integrated development Plan of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte – PDDI-RMBH (UFMG); • Action Plan for the Conservation of Endangered Reptiles and Amphibians in the Serra do Espinhaço (ICMBio).

83

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) b) Within the framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves:

Likewise, the connections with other Biosphere Reserves occur by the integration of experiences in thematicrelated fields, using the references in the MaB program.

In these first 10 years of existence, the RBSE used the following system integrators to establish connections in the worldwide network of RBs. •

Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves.

•

IberoMaB.

•

Exploitation of Natural Resources.

•

Ecosystem Services.

•

Mountain Ecosystem.

Considering the listed integrating axes, it was possible to design a map of connections performed within the framework of the MaB Program using the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

IMAGE 16: RBSE CONNECTION WITH OTHER RESERVES CONSIDERING THE COUNTRIES.

Other opportunities for strengthening collective capacities via MaB-UNESCO Programme: •

3rd World Congress of Biosphere Reserves and 20th Session of the International Coordinating Council (ICC) of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme-Madrid, Spain.

•

Las Reservas De Biosfera como herramienta para el Desarrollo Sustentable En Areas Montañosas.

Potencialidades, Conflictos Y Alternativas.

•

Espécies Exóticas Invasoras en las Reservas de Biosfera de América Latina y El Caribe. Un informe técnico para fomentar el intercambio de experiencias entre las Reservas de Biosfera y promover el manejo efectivo de las invasiones biológicas.

•

Reservas de Biosfera Ibero-Americanas y Brasileñas: Experiencias Exitosas en Conservación, Desarrollo Sostenible, Conocimiento y Gestión Participativa.

•

Biosphere Reserves (RBs), environmental services and sustainability indicators-Declaration of Ouro Preto.

•

Assessment of the Madrid Action Plan in Latin American RBs. 84

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) •

1st Iberoamerican Conference of Biosphere Reserves-Declaration of Puerto Morelos, Mexico.

•

Biosphere Reserves & Earth Resources Expert Meeting-Working Group.

•

Guía para la aplicación y monitoreo del Enfoque Ecosistémico.

•

Las reservas de biosfera como lugares de aprendizaje para la investigación, adaptación y mitigación con relación al cambio climático.

•

Proyecto de Cooperacion Internacional Iberoamericano, Enmarcado en Proterritorios “Intercambio itinerante entre territorios iberoamericanos ”

•

Programa de Cooperacion Sur-Sur / South-South Cooperation Programme - Documentos De Trabajo / Working Papers - No 43.

•

World of Science (Vol. 10, no. 1-January-March 2012)-"Putting a price on conservation".

•

International Year of Biodiversity.

•

United Nations International Year for Cooperation Through Water.

•

Report: "Situación del turismo en las Reservas de Biosfera de América Latina y el Caribe".

•

International Seminar on Mining and Social and Environmental Sustainability in Biosphere Reserves.

2.4.8 Please provide some additional information about the interaction between the three zones.

In the RBSE, the Nucleus Areas have been proposed by using the criterion of the SNUC and the State System for Protected Areas, for Integral protection units: I

Ecological Station: area for the preservation of nature and scientific research, which may be visited only for educational purposes.

II.

Biological Reserve: area for the preservation of biological diversity, in which are there are performed recovery measures of altered ecosystems to restore the natural balance and preserve biological diversity; they may be visited only with for educational purposes.

III.

National and State Parks: areas for the preservation of natural ecosystems and places of scenic beauty. The Park is a category that allows greater interaction between the visitor and nature, the development of recreational, educational and environmental interpretation, in addition to scientific research.

Other integral protection units such as Natural Monument and Wildlife Refuge are integrated in the buffer zone due to the possibility of being within particular areas.

The greatest challenge for RBSE has been articulating the local, State and federal agencies. The difficulty occurs at the political level, where such governmental bodies are composed of different parties. In this sense, using their legal duties, the RBSE Managing Committee has promoted the dialogue, stimulating cooperation and optimization of resources for the internal activities of the CUs, whether they are contained in Core or Buffer Zone.

Another possible interaction may occur through the creation of conservation mosaics. An initially successful experience took place with the creation of the mosaic of the Espinhaço Range: High Jequitinhonha - Serra do Cabral in the northern portion of the RBSE. 85

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The opportunity to interact with the Transition Zone is considered very important by the Managing Committee. In this way, there are being designed cooperation proposals with the productive sector. Two good examples are underway on this topic: I.

Mapping the rural activity with special attention for programs to encourage family farming production, whereas the traditional communities and food security.

II.

Mining and Social-Environmental Sustainability in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

Institutions in the Managing Committee participated in the formation of a working group during the Meeting "Biosphere Reserves & Earth Resources Expert" held at UNESCO headquarters in Paris in 2011. The RBSE was host to a second meeting in 2013, where were presented the realities of 8 Biosphere Reserves in the world network of the MaB Programme. Additionally, 4 companies were able to present their best practices and opportunities for cooperation with the Biosphere Reserves.

The relationship of the productive sector and its operations in the Transition zone with the Conservation Units of the buffer and core zones illustrate the interaction among the three zones. The creation of RPPNs was the focus of some projects presented by some mining companies at the Managing Committee.

The Vale RPPNs and its contribution to biodiversity conservation in the Iron Quadrangle in Minas Gerais.

Creation of Private Reserves of Natural Heritage-RPPNs The Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) is one of the Conservation Units categories (UC) recognized in Brazil, and according to article 21 of the Federal Law No 9,985/2000, consists of the private area of permanent status, which aims it is the conservation of biodiversity.

• The Vale Company preserves a total area of 46.000 hectares in the Iron Quadrangle, including private reserves, legal reserves and other compensation areas; • The area of RPPNs of Vale is 12.600 hectares.

RESULTS RPPNs • Protect important fragments of Atlantic Forest, forest in the core of MG; • They are representative of the different vegetation types present in the Iron Quadrangle; • They can contribute for the increment of connectivity among preserved areas; • Provide additionality with regard to the protection given by public Conservation Units and other private areas (e.g. Caraça RPPN).

2.4.9 Participation of young people.

Youth participation commonly occurs in demonstration projects performed in Brazil, especially with regard to their maintenance in the communities. It is important to portray the role of the young as a re-publisher of acquired knowledge, increasing its function as replicator of educational processes.

86

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Some initiatives that occur in the RBSE highlight this essential role of young people and the support to their participation, such as: a) PlugMinas – Digital Training and Experimentation Centre (2009): Project of the Government of Minas Gerais with young people ages 14 to 24 who study in public schools of Belo Horizonte or metropolitan region. It encourages participation in cultural, artistic, entrepreneurial and language activities (www.plugminas.mg.gov.br).

b) Scientific Initiation Scholarship Program (BIC Junior): Program of the Foundation for Support to Research of Minas Gerais (Fapemig) intended for the students of junior high, high school and professional education public schools at local, State and federal levels based in Minas Gerais who want to work in research in science, technology and innovation operations (ECTIs) in Minas Gerais.

c) Social-Environmental and Cultural network of Parauninha (2011-2015): Structuring project that aims at training local young leaders for replicating the information transmitted and the knowledge generated during environmental, cultural and digital-technology activities (www.parauninha.org).

d) Network of Water Messengers: Social network constituted around cooperative actions favoring the universal right to drinking water quality, through the systematization of teaching practices and the creation of exchanges among the different actors of the society. The movement of Water Messengers currently contains initiatives in five countries: Brazil, France, Italy, Greece and Bolivia.

We highlight the following actions of the Network of Water Messengers in the RBSE territory: - 2011: The Educational Program for the formation of an Educational Network for conservation of the Lagoa do Nado Park the Pampulha Basin (a partnership between the Integrated School of the City of Belo Horizonte, the Lagoa do Nado Cultural Ecological Association - member of the State Committee of the Foundation France Libertés and the RBSE). In this initiative, students of the Lídia Angélica Municipal School live experiences and produce knowledge concerning the preservation of watersheds, sanitation, education and citizenship.

- 2011-2014: The Project Water Messengers in PUC Minas – It aims at the formation of multipliers for the work of environmental education with emphasis in water. The activities were developed from the partnership among the PUC Minas, through the Office of the Dean of Extension, the HSBC Solidarity Institute and the France Libertés Foundation. The project included children and young people participating in other University extension projects, such as the integrated school, Child Hope Space, besides the Institutional Scholarship Program for Initiation to Teaching (PIBID) and junior companies PUC Consulting and Systemic.

e) Science Project Caravan (2008-2009): Knowing the Biodiversity of the Espinhaço Range (University Extension Project) – It aims to disseminate the biodiversity of the Espinhaço Range and the researches to the general public. The project is developed by Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM) and by the Biotrópicos Institute. It provides lectures and educational materials for public high school students from 15 municipalities covered by the RBSE, encouraging the younglings to be critical agents and living environment transformers for recovery and conservation in the region.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

f) Green Room Project – A project coordinated by the Environmental Education Department of the Ministry of the Environment (DEA-MMA); this initiative consists in encouraging the establishment of environmental spaces to serve as information and training centers. These spaces promote the democratization of environmental information and seek maximizing the possibilities of reflection and construction of thought and social and environmental action. The Green Room Project has 363 rooms scattered throughout the country, located mostly in municipal administrations, environment departments, secretariats of education, Federal Institutes, universities, councils, managers of Conservation Units (CUs) and NGOs. There are 15 Green Rooms in the RBSE distributed in 9 municipalities in 2015.

TABLE 11: GREEN ROOMS LOCATED IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN 2015.

NAME OF THE INSTITUTION Serviço Voluntário de Assistência Social (SERVAS) Centro Mineiro de Referênciaem Resíduos (CMRR) Associação Coletivo Difusão Associação Civil Comunitária da Bacia da Pampulha - Consórcio Pampulha Superintendência de Limpeza Urbana SLU/PBH Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte / Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente / Gerência de Educação Ambiental Missão Ramacrisna Prefeitura Municipal de Betim Prefeitura Municipal de Brumadinho (SME) Instituto Inhotim Prefeitura Municipal de Contagem MG Instituto Biotrópicos Caminhos da Serra Ambiente, Educação e Cidadania Organização Socioambiental, Cultural, de Educação, Comunicação e de Inclusão Digital para Ecopolíticas – osinternautas.org Prefeitura Municipal de Nova Lima FUNIVALE

NAME OF THE GREEN ROOM

MUNICIPALITY

MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE OF THE RBSE

Reciclando Ideias

Belo Horizonte

No

Casa Minas Centro de Educação Ambiental do PROPAM

Belo Horizonte

No

Belo Horizonte

No

Sala Verde Veredas

Belo Horizonte

No

Belo Horizonte

Yes

Betim

No

Betim

No

Brumadinho Brumadinho

No No

Contagem

No

Diamantina

Yes

Rio Paraúna

Gouveia

No

Sala Verde Eco-Energias

Itabirito

No

Nova Lima

No

Serro

No

Centro de Extensão em Educação Ambiental / SNAMA Verde Estar Espaço de Ação e Transformação Meta Sala Verde Sala Verde Inhotim Sala Verde Contagem Caminhos para a Sustentabilidade Centro de Educação Ambiental Sala Verde Diamantina

Sala Verde "Jornalista Lélia Lobo" Sala Verde de Educação Socioambiental Ecos do Jequi

88

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Foto: Miguel Andrade©

3. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

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3. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 3.1 If possible, provide an update in the ecosystem services provided by each ecosystem of the Biosphere Reserve and the beneficiaries of these services.

The Espinhaรงo Range houses two hotspots of worldwide biodiversity, the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest.

The territory as a whole is responsible for the production of water for millions of Brazilians and the water sources are threatened by deforestation, fires, siltation and contamination in many collection spots. In addition to the effect on aquifers, the loss of biodiversity has been very significant in a territory of high variability and that is extremely fragile. Similarly, the impacts are growing in the traditional communities and in the quality of life of urban citizens.

This situation has caused concern for various sectors of society in valuing the functioning of ecosystems more effectively. Epidemics, floods, landslides, desertification, which are local environmental problems, added to the global discussions on climate change.

There are high financial investments from the private sector with its operations, often incompatible with the maintenance of environmental services. On the other hand, insignificant resources are intended for the protection of ecosystems and recuperation of degraded areas, and so, the common good and the quality of people's lives have been dilapidated to favor economic interest.

Financial transactions that occur all the time with actions in the international market impede corporate leaders to have any attachment to the areas where the companies are located. To establish a safety control, it is necessary more than licensing legislation, supervision and environmental compensation; it is necessary to bind the economic production to environmental protection by charging the movement of goods and, consequently the consumption.

This way, the resources for investments that stimulate the regularity of environmental services and the repair in the exploitation territories should be equal or more abundant than the economic boost for consumption.

Only by respecting such proportionality, it will be possible to reverse the logic of environmental degradation and institute a new version for the economy in municipalities wishing to move towards sustainable development.

It is still necessary to change paradigms, change the goals and reform the institutions, considering the ecosystem services and their maintenance. The environmental valuation helps in the prioritization of environmental actions, but its implementation is still limited in the Espinhaรงo Range.

From the studies involving ecosystem services performed to date, we notice that the region is strategic, since it is located in conflict areas with mining activities. On the other hand, one can understand that there is a great need to promote the development of further studies, which are aligned to the Strategic Environmental Services Valuation, in particular biodiversity and water resources.

Studies of this nature become essential instruments as moderators for environmental conservation, compatibility between economic development and appropriate use of natural resources with a view to their sustainability, promoting the quality of life and well-being of local and regional communities.

The territory comprising the RBSE has various physiognomies, distinct, diverse vegetation biomes with high levels of endemism, rich fauna and abundance of natural resources. It is an area of strategic provision for various types of ecosystem services, such as Regulation, Supply, Habitat, Amenities and Culture. It is essential that such services are identified, characterized and especially valued to justify any conservation 90

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) measures. In this sense, it is necessary to promote research projects that include these objectives; they are essential for the design of elementary scientific data to assist in public policies.

In this sense, the RBSE, in partnership with UNESCO, held the "INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON BIOSPHERE RESERVES, ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AND SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS" in the city of Ouro Preto, state of Minas Gerais from April 14 to 17, 2010. The event was proposed as the framework of activities of the International Biodiversity Year in 2010 (UN Resolution 2006), gathering 115 delegates, 12 presented panelists and 7 countries with representations of the following Biosphere Reserves: • Mbaracayo Biosphere Reserve (Paraguay) • Podocarpus Biosphere Reserve (Ecuador) • Biosphere Reserve of Las Yungas (Argentina) • Biosphere Reserve of Nicaragua • Biosphere Reserve of the Caatinga (Brazil) • Green Belt Biosphere Reserve of São Paulo (Brazil) • Biosphere Reserve of Central Amazonia (Brazil) • The Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve (Brazil) • Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (Brazil).

This seminar resulted in the Declaration of Ouro Preto. The document was forwarded to the IberoMaB Network of Biosphere Reserves.

3.2 Specify if there are any changes regarding the indicators of ecosystem services that are being used to evaluate the three functions (conservation, development and logistic) of the Biosphere Reserve. If yes, which ones and give details and update.

The social, cultural and environmental factors are now a growing concern to our society, confronted with an unprecedented transformation in production and trading systems on a global level. However, we can see that the economic logic of growth, based on the principle of competitiveness, continues to reign absolute in the area of development indicators, which only more recently have begun to integrate new dimensions, especially the environment.

Today, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is undoubtedly the reference indicator for our societies, which we consider and use for defining investments and public policies. We confuse the GDP with the wealth of a country, while it is only an estimate of a measurable monetary point of view.

In a world affected by the ecological crisis and the climate change, we believe that the absence or nonconsideration of social and environmental factors by development indicators and accounting systems result in error of diagnosis. It represents the wealth of a nation only by its material production, ignoring the human, social, ethical and cultural wealth and neglects the sustainability of such economic model upon the scarcity or limitation of natural resources.

In the last ten years, there have been observed formal or informal instruments proposed in several countries, from either Government or private agents, which allow their application to the conservation or restoration of environmental services. According to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), environmental services 91

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) can be divided into 4 types such as the provision of services, regulation, cultural and support as exemplified in the table below.

TABLE 12: MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT, 2005).

Provision services

     

Food Water Firewood Fibers Active principles Genetic resources

Regulatory services

    

Climate regulation Centers for disease control Flood control Water quality control Erosion control

Cultural services

   

Spiritual Leisure Inspiration Education Recreation and tourism

Support services

  

Soil formation Nutrient cycling Primary production

The raw material converted into economic products and services (i.e. water and climate), cultural and information services (ex. recreation and genetic diversity) are essential and irreplaceable benefits for all living beings. They are maintained by a specific configuration of the ecosystem structure, stimulate competition when scarce and they must be rationed and charged for their use.

The modernization of public environmental policies that use the principle of protector-beneficiary has evolved from the compensation to incentive and encouraging contribution. Laws on the granting of financial incentives to landowners and tax transfers with environmental criteria for municipalities are realities in the RBSE.

3.3 Update description on biodiversity involved in the provision of ecosystems services in the Biosphere Reserve (e.g. species or groups of species involved).

Major impacts on the rupestrian fields

Although we have recorded a qualitative and quantitative increase in studies carried out in the region in the last two decades, the knowledge generated is insufficient to elaborate sound and long lasting conservation planning in this mega diverse region and because of the augmenting pressures and impacts caused by human land use change. The understanding of organismal interactions is essential to establish sound policies for this special region due to the many idiosyncrasies it presents. Bellow we highlight the most widespread and dangerous threats to the identity of the Espinhaço nature and peoples.

Biological invasion by alien plant species represent one of the most serious threats to Espinhaço. The impacts caused by invasive plant species associated with road constructions in the region are augmenting at a fast rate. An important mechanism by which biological invasion is facilitated in the nutrient poor soils of the Espinhaço was recently unveiled. High content of calcium at the roadside in asphalted road results from the paving process, in which limestone gravel is used in one of the several paving phases, made the soils in the roadside environment suitable for the invasive species. In these newly created habitats the toxicity of 92

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) aluminum is drastically reduced and nutrient enriched, hence representing favorable sites from where nonnative species are capable to colonize and grow. Populations of invasive species remain along the road for undetermined periods of time producing seeds that are carried away for several generations.

Disturbance events, such as repeated fires, may provide the chance for some of them to invade the adjacent pristine habitats. But instead of increased protection and conservation of the rupestrian grasslands of the Espinhaço, the situation has worsened in the face of erroneous management strategies. A clear example in the region is the deliberate introduction of exotic species to restore degraded areas in still pristine environments. Many plant species have become invasive in the region after being mistakenly used for revegetation purposes, such as Urochloa spp., Melinis minutiflora, and Cajanus cajan, among others. With regard to biological invasions by animals the situation is of complete ignorance.

Afforestation (planting of tree species where they do not occur naturally) in the Espinhaço land started around the 70’s with the exotic and invasive species of Eucalyptus spp. Afforestation has many impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services and therefore cannot be considered as a conservation strategy. A scientific evaluation on the effects of afforestation on the diverse rupestrian grasslands is in urgent need to be conducted to save the Espinhaço heritage and the environmental services provided by these mountains; one of them is the supply water for millions of people. Eucalyptus, once said not to invade areas beyond the planting areas has been found invading what was left of some gallery and Atlantic rain forests on the eastern slope of the Espinhaço mountains.

Mining results in many direct and indirect impacts in the environment and these are very drastic to the low resilient soils of the Espinhaço mountains. Mining causes local habitat degradation by direct effect on the ecosystem by the removal of native vegetation and soil, as well as indirect changes at the landscape level, such as opening of roads and secondary accesses and urbanization, deforestation for charcoal production, and intentional introduction of exotic species in rehabilitation projects, among others. In addition, the effects of mining on ground water table may be devastating to the fauna and flora at both local and regional scales. At an environmental perspective, fragmentation of the environment, extinction of populations and species, lowering the ground water table, and pollution and siltation of water bodies are almost inevitable impacts, while the introduction of invasive species could be totally avoided. Unfortunately, mining is expanding in the region without proper environmental assessment studies.

There is an intense pressure by the mining industry on grasslands in the Iron Quadrangle, a region where the existing network of strictly protected areas is not enough to guarantee the biodiversity and conservation of ecosystem. Although Brazil historically and economically relies in the extraction of minerals, mining activities should be carefully planned and present sound conservation strategies to conserve species and ecosystem services. Historically, the Brazilian industrial mining has left deep scars in the Brazilian rupestrian grasslands and drastically altered the natural environment with many negative impacts be it at the social or environmental perspective.

Although no attempt has been made yet in the Espinhaço to investigate the environmental impacts of uncontrolled artisanal mining, one can easily elaborate in their minds the situation when in a land of low law enforcement. Although governmental agencies are aware of the critical points, this type of mining is generally aggressive to the environment, with no control on the impacts and no measures to restoration, among other factors. In many cases, the garimpo (artisanal mining) in the Espinhaço is surrounded by many sad shades that span from social injustice, to health, to political and environmental issues. No synthesis on the impact of artisanal mining and clandestine mining has yet been attempted. A possible explanation is perhaps linked to the illegality of the activity or even the criminality associated with the underworld global gemstone market.

In recent years we have been experiencing a great advertisement of outdoor activities and that of tourism of adventure and mountains are certainly the destiny for such type of tourism. This growth also was likely 93

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) to have been pushed forward by the improvement in the road system in some regions of the Espinhaço.

Most cities in the region no longer support the growing number of tourists. The infrastructure and education needed for the conservation of natural resources is incipient, causing various types of impacts. The floating population in largely visited areas is responsible for the deposition of a huge amount of waste, contaminating rivers and aquifers. Also, we have also noticed a large number of plant extraction in the region, while accidental fire can also be linked to tourism.

Non-natural rupestrian grassland fires are caused by tourists, outdated agricultural practices used for the management of harvested plant species and livestock practices, and, unfortunately, by disputes involving those who lost their land to protected areas. Although many of the rupestrian plant species are adapted to fire, they are not adapted to short fire regime imposed by human induced fire. The livestock activity in the rupestrian grasslands of the Espinhaço, rooted in the history of the regional occupation often under small farmsteads, is responsible for land degradation in many areas and also contributes to the spread of weed species of great invasive potential, as Urochloa spp., Melinis minutiflora, and Melinis repens. These grasses are highly combustible, far surpassing the native species, which have a much lower biomass. On the other hand, the understanding of fire on the dynamics and evolution of the Espinhaço vegetation is still anecdotal in spite of recent advances.

Uncontrolled harvesting of ornamental plants to produce handicrafts is very common in the rupestrian grasslands as well as in their surrounding environments, at least in the Espinhaço. From a conservation perspective, the uncontrolled harvesting of plant products, be it for handicrafts or for medicinal purposes, may increase extinction risk of many threatened species. The impacts caused by the extractivism of species of Eriocaulaceae and Xyridaceae represents perhaps classical cases in the quartzitic rupestrian grasslands.

The extraction of orchids in the Espinhaço rupestrian grasslands is an old but detrimental activity but with poor scientific records on the impact on populations and extinctions. Poor local communities depend on such activity to improve their income, event though these plant products are sold by local harvesters at very low prices.

The Espinhaço region is perhaps a region to first suffer the impacts of global climate change due to represent mountaintop environments. The geographical location at higher elevations with the extensive cattle ranching, uncontrolled tourism, highly frequent of intense burning episodes and the entry of invasive species can act synergistically with climate change and irreversibly change the vegetation. The loss of area of some of its already rare ecosystems is a reality and climate change will exacerbate it rendering those species capable of dispersion of nowhere to go. Predictive models are not favorable to the rupestrian grasslands and suggest a catastrophic future for the Espinhaço ecosystem in new climatic scenarios. Models indicate that the regions which are likely to remain climatically stable until the end of this century will be just the south of the Espinhaço Mountains in Minas Gerais, including the region of the Iron Quadrangle and Serra do Cipó. According to the models, by the end of the Century the losses can reach 95% of the area of environmental suitability for the entire Espinhaço, while a detailed figure for the Biosphere Reserve is in need of work.

3.4 Specify whether any recent/updated ecosystem services assessment has been done for the Biosphere Reserve since its nomination/last report. If yes, please specify and indicate if and how this is being used in the management plan.

The Espinhaço Range is responsible for the production of water for millions of Brazilians and in many collection spots, the water sources are threatened by deforestation, fires, silting and contamination. In addition to the effect on aquifers, the loss of biodiversity is very significant in a territory of high variability 94

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) and that is extremely fragile. This way, the impacts are growing in the traditional communities and affect the quality of life of urban citizens. In this context, there will be presented two studies on ecosystem services, one on the quality of the water supply and another about the loss of these services through an assessment of forest fires. a) Monitoring of Water Quality The monitoring of the quality of surface and ground waters is conducted by IGAM through the Project Waters of Minas Gerais, in activity since 1997.

In the table below presents the parameters of water quality assessed in State of Minas Gerais.

TABLE 13: PARAMETERS OF WATER QUALITY SAMPLING STATIONS ASSESSED THE MINE WATERS PROGRAM. Parâmetros Alcalinidade Bicarbonato Alcalinidade Total

Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio – DBO* Demanda Química de Oxigênio – DQO* #

Nitrogênio Amoniacal Total* Nitrogênio Orgânico

Alumínio Dissolvido

Densidade de Cianobactérias

Óleos e Graxas

Arsênio Total

Dureza (Cálcio)

Oxigênio Dissolvido – OD*

Bário Total

Dureza (Magnésio)

pHin loco*

Boro Total

Dureza Total

Potássio #

Cádmio Total

Ensaio de Toxicidade Crônica

Cálcio

Estreptococos Fecais

Sódio

Chumbo Total

Fenóis Totais

Sólidos Dissolvidos*

Cianeto Livre

Feofitina*

Sólidos em Suspensão*

Ferro Dissolvido

Sólidos Totais*

Cianotoxinas

#

Cloreto Total*

Fósforo Total*

Clorofila a*

Macroinvertebrados bentônicos

Selênio Total

Substâncias tensoativas #

Sulfatos

Cobre Dissolvido

Magnésio Total

Sulfetos

Coliformes Termotolerantes/E. coli*

Manganês Total

Temperatura da Água*

Coliformes Totais*

Mercúrio Total

Temperatura do Ar*

Condutividade Elétrica in loco*

Níquel Total

Turbidez*

Cor Verdadeira

Nitrato*

Zinco Total

Cromo Total

Nitrito

*Parâmetros comuns a todos os pontos nas campanhas intermediárias # Parâmetros analisados apenas em pontos específicos

Monitoring Stations of Water Quality in the Espinhaço Range Currently, the monitoring of water quality in the RBSE has 62 stations, distributed as follows: 43 monitoring stations on the Sub-basin of Rio das Velhas (12 stations with monthly collection), 10 monitoring stations on the Sub-basin of Paraopeba River, 7 monitoring stations on the Sub-basin of Rio Doce and 2 monitoring stations in the Sub-basin of the Jequitinhonha River.

Quality of surface water The analyses of the surface water quality presented in this report are based on data from the spots monitored by IGAM in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve from 2005 to 2014.

95

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The assessment considered the following indexes: Water Quality Index (WQI), Toxic Contamination (TC) and Density of Cyanobacteria.

For the sub-basins that are part of RBSE, the table below summarizes the number of monitoring spots of surface water quality and the number of points for calculations of WQI indexes, TC and density of cyanobacteria.

TABLE 14: NUMBER OF STATIONS IN RBSE BY SUB-BASIN, AND THOSE USED FOR THE CALCULATION OF INDEXES.

Water Basin

Monitoring stations in RBSE

Stations with WQI

Stations with CT

Stations with density of cyanobacteria

River of Velhas basin

43

43

43

16

Paraopeba River basin

10

10

10

3

The Jequitinhonha River Basin

2

2

2

0

Doce River basin

7

7

7

0

Total

62

62

62

19

The methodology for the calculation of these indicators is presented below.

Water quality index – WQI The WQI was developed by the National Sanitation Foundation of the United States in 1970. The data handling for the aforementioned research defined a set of nine (9) parameters that are considered the most representative for characterization of water quality: dissolved oxygen, thermotolerant coliforms, pH, biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphate, nitrate, variation of water temperature, turbidity and total solids. Each parameter received a weight according to their relative importance in the calculation of the WQI. In the absence of one of the parameters of thermotolerant coliforms and dissolved oxygen, the WQI was not calculated for those items. In the absence of other parameters, the WQI was calculated on eight parameters and the missing parameter weight was redistributed among the other parameters.

The index values range between 0 and 100.

TABLE 15: THE WATER QUALITY INDEX AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE.

Value of the WQI

Classes

90 < IQA ≤ 100

Excellent

70 < IQA ≤ 90

Good

50 < IQA ≤ 70

Average

25 < IQA ≤ 50

Bad

IQA ≤ 25

Very bad

Meaning Water suitable for conventional treatment for public supply.

Water unsuitable for conventional treatment for public supply; more advanced treatments are needed.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Diagnosis of quality of surface waters in the RBSE

Water quality index-WQI

Regarding the WQI, the average or regular condition (Average WQI) has been prevalent in the RBSE. Compared to the last two years, there has been improvement of water quality; there was an increase in the occurrence of good quality water (Good WQI) of 30% in 2013 to 34% in 2014 and predominance of the Average WQI, which increased from 47% in 2013 to 50% the following year. The analysis revealed that the occurrence of Bad WQI had a reduction from 22% to 15% in 2014; Excellent Quality was present in 0.3% of results in 2014 and occurrences of Very Bad WQI maintained at 1%.

100% 90% 80%

1%

5% 28%

36%

25%

25%

24%

14% 25%

30%

34%

37%

70% 60% 50%

Excellent

54% 39% 36%

40%

48%

47%

48%

Good 53%

Medium

47% 50%

40%

Too bad

30% 20% 10% 0%

27% 1% 2005

32% 16% 2% 2006

Bad

1% 2007

25%

28%

1% 2008

1% 2009

28% 0% 2010

32% 0% 2011

21% 1% 2012

22% 1% 2013

15% 1% 2014

IMAGE 17: PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE WQI RANGES AT THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2005 TO.

Assessment of conformity to the legislation

Considering the results in 2005 and 2014 for the sampling stations of RBSE, the monitored parameters were evaluated in relation to the percentage of samples whose figures violated legal limits of Normative Deliberation COPAM CERH nº 01//08 for the underlying framework classes.

We present below the percentage of violations in descending order for each parameter and indicate the most critical constituents in the RBSE. These results allow knowing the main interference of the predominant activities in the reserve, such as the domestic and industrial sewage releases, in addition to other forms of land use of the drainage basin that may affect water quality in the study area. In addition, it allows us to check the evolution of water quality according to the results verified in 2015 and 2014.

97

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The parameters with most violations were thermotolerants/Escherichia coli coliforms (67%), manganese (58%), total arsenic (34%), total phosphorus (25%), turbidity (16%), total suspended solids (16%), dissolved iron (13%) and true color (12%). Comparing the years of 2005 and 2014, we note that the percentage of violations regarding the DN 01/2008 decreased for most parameters, except for total Arsenic, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammoniac nitrogen, with an increase in the violation percentage.

The main factors of environmental degradation contributing to the aforementioned results are the releases of sewage in water bodies, in addition to inadequate soil management, caused mainly by the activities of the mining and agricultural sectors.

Considered as virtually absent, the results of oil and greases scored less than 15 mg/L (limit of quantification of the analytical method).

Nitrate Total ammonia nitrogen Total cadmium Total zinc

0,89% 1,10% 5,65% 1,10% 0,54% 1,41% 2,80% 3,03%

Total mercury

0,00% 3,57%

Total phenols

2,55% 3,61% 4,76% 5,49%

pH in loco True Color Total nickel

2,78% 6,00% 2,63% 7,35% 6,85% 8,79%

Dissolved oxygen Total chromium Total lead

201 4

0,00% 0,70%

200 5

9,62% 10,29%

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

15,48% 10,99%

Dissolved iron

13,68% 15,58%

Turbidity

3,57%

Total Suspended solids Copper dissolved Total Arsenic Total Phosphorus

18,68% 9,82%

1,30%

18,82% 20,00% 25,93% 24,19% 23,81%

35,16% 57,31% 58,43%

Coliforms term/E. coli Total Manganese

48,25%

61,16%

IMAGE 18: PERCENTAGE OF VIOLATIONS FOR THE RBSE PARAMETERS IN 2005 AND 2014.

98

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Final Considerations

In the RBSE, the main pollution factors contributing to the deterioration of the quality of surface waters are the releases from industrial effluents and domestic sewage, in addition to the activities of mining, livestock, agriculture and the supply of diffuse loads of urban or rural origin.

Considering the indicators discussed in this report, there was improvement in 2014 in comparison to 2013, with a reduction of the Bad WQI occurrences from 22% to 15% and increased occurrence of Good WQI from 30% to 34%, and of Excellent Quality in 0.3% of results in 2014. The best condition on water quality was at the Jequitinhonha River Basin (JQ1). The worst conditions are concentrated mainly in the sub-basins of the Paraopeba River (SF3) and Rio das Velhas River (SF5). The Paraopeba River basins are inserted the municipalities with the worst water quality, namely: Conselheiro Lafaiete, Congonhas, Ibirité and Brumadinho. In the Rio das Velhas River basin, the municipalities of Sabará, Caeté have the worst water quality.

In General, the results show the importance of the continuity of the sanitation actions with the expansion of sewage treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste. Another major challenge lies in the control of diffuse pollution sources, since they are necessary for joint actions in various segments of the productive sector and society, in order to mitigate the impacts of anthropogenic activities and promote actions to improve the quality of the water.

Distribution of Burned Areas in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve using satellite data.

The study of annual burning in the Serra do Espinhaço was based on the limits of the Biosphere Reserve and on a map for land coverage and use - PROBIO for Brazil, which was produced by the Ministry of Environment (MMA) using orbital Landsat images - ETM in 2002 (MMA, 2007). The burned area data were obtained from MODIS MCD45A1 product from 2002 to 2011, which has spatial resolution of 500 m and 30 days, being provided free by NASA at the REVERB 6 website.

These data were then redesigned from the Sinusoidal for WGS84 Geographical coordinate using the MRT tool (MODIS Reprojection Tool). The MCD45A1 product has eight by-products, from which we use the filtered Burndate images through the quality image Ba_qa, to consider only the most reliable data, i.e.. value 1 (BOSCHETTI et al., 2009). However, the MCD45A1 data used for this analysis were obtained from the Laboratory of Image Processing and Geo-processing (LAPIG) 7 at the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), which provides the scars of burned areas with higher reliability quality control (baqa = 1).

After obtaining the burnt scars polygons rendered at MODIS-MCD45A1, there was performed the distribution of burned areas in the RBSE from 2002 to 2011, analysis of recurrence and the intersection with the data of land use mapping PROBIO-MMA for obtaining the total burned are for each type of use.

In IMAGE 1, we have the spatialization of the scars of burned areas registered by MCD45A1 at the RBSE for 2011.

For the quantification of the occurrence of the burned areas to the different land-use types located in the RBSE, the PROBIO mapping was used (Cerrado and Atlantic forest) for obtaining the classes of agriculture 6 7

http://reverb.echo.nasa.gov/reverb http://www.lapig.iesa.ufg.br/lapig/

99

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) (agriculture and cultivated pasture), reforestation (eucalyptus or pine) and natural vegetation (remaining).

The use of two PROBIO mappings, Cerrado and Atlantic forest, occurs because the RBSE is located between the transitional zone of these two biomes, i.e. 57% and 43%, respectively, of these biomes comprise the area of the reserve according to the limit proposed by the MMA.

100

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 19: SPATIALIZATION OF BURNED SCARS (MCD45A1) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2002 TO 2011.

101

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Results

The occurrence of fires in Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve between 2002 to 2011 was concentrated in greater proportion in 2003 (319 km²), 2007 (522 km²), 2010 (366 km²) and 2011 (729 km²), 2007 and 2011, which correspond to 48% of total fires occurring in those 10 years, based on orbital data by the MODIS MCD45A1 (IMAGE 2). It is noteworthy that from 2003 to 2007, there was a significant reduction in fires, mainly 2005 and 2006, when the burnt area was almost the same (99 km² and 97 km², respectively). Another decline in fires was in 2008 (119 km²) and 2009 (46 km²), but unlike the previous period of reduction of fires in RBSE, there was a significant increase between 2010 and 2011, with increased incidence of fires in the order of 100%. It is worth noting that, based on the national incidence of fires, 2007 and 2010 were most the severe regarding temporal analysis.

8x102

30

Km² %

20

4x102

15

Proporção (%)

Área Queimada (Km²)

6x10

25

2

10 2x102 5

0

0 2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

Ano IMAGE 20: SPATIALIZATION OF BURNED AREAS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2002 TO 2011.

The RBSE is located between the two Brazilian biomes, Cerrado (57%) and Atlantic (43%), which feature different characteristics in relation to climate and structure of natural vegetation. Along with other variables (soil, anthropogenic pressure, invasive grass species, etc.) that influence the occurrence and intensity of bushfires in different parts of RBSE. By performing the intersection of the burned areas from 2002 to 2011, according to the division of Brazilian Biomes (IBGE, 2004), the occurrence was concentrated in the region of the Cerrado Biome (IMAGE 3), and of the 2,609 km² of fires recorded for the period, 87% (2,272 km²) occur in this biome. On the other hand, only 13% (337 km²) of registered fires are located in the Atlantic Forest Biome.

102

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 21: DISTRIBUTION OF BURNED AREAS (2002-2011) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE ACCORDING TO THE CLASSES OF LAND USE AND NATURAL VEGETATION.

103

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) It is relevant to mention that the burned areas intensify, year by year, in the Northwest region, which has increased human pressure on the natural areas, as well as extensive areas converted for reforestation, agriculture and pasture. In agricultural areas, the fire is used for maintenance of pastures and to open new areas for manmade usage (RAMOS-GRANDSON & PIVELLO, 2000). In turn, in the rainy season, there is the rapid development of biomass, primarily grazing; in the dry period, there are low levels of rainfall and relative humidity, usually from June to September in the Cerrado Biome. This biomass comes as potential combustible material for spreading fire throughout extensive areas and reports different intensities (KAUFFMAN et al., 1998; PIVELLO, 2008).

In relation to the distribution of burned areas according to the classes of land use and natural vegetation, about 70% of the burned areas detected by the MCD45A1 occurred on remaining areas, followed by agriculture with 26% and reforestation with 7%. Comparing the total area burned in remaining areas from 2002 to 2010 with 2011, 42% of the burned area occurred last year, which also showed the highest extension of burned area records in agricultural areas (177 km²) and 33% for the period. By establishing a comparative analysis among the three years preceding 2007 and 2011, in 2004 and 2006 there was a decrease in the incidence of natural areas and agricultural burning, but between 2008 and 2010 we have a reverse situation: an increase in burned areas of natural vegetation and agriculture.

600 Agropecuária Reflorestamento Remanescente

Área Queimada (km²)

500

400

300

200

100

0 2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Ano IMAGE 22: DISTRIBUTION OF BURNED AREAS AT THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (2002 TO 2011) IN RELATION TO CLASSES OF COVERAGE AND LAND USE.

Within the city territorial limit, 67 municipalities are in the RBSE, 36 of which are located on the edge of the Cerrado Biome and 31 in the Atlantic Forest Biome. Of the 67 municipalities, 15 had more than 10% of the burned areas from 2002 to 2011, and three municipalities had 30% or more burned areas during the analysis period: Lassance (32%), Itatiaiucu (31%) and Belo Vale (30%).

For 2011, the municipalities with most fires were Buenópolis, Lassance and Bocaiúva. The municipalities with less than 5% of burned areas during this period were 39, and those with less than 1% of the burned area were 15, such as Claro dos Poções, Presidente Juscelino and Catas Altas being the three municipalities with the lowest number of fires according to the MCD45A1 records. It is noteworthy that the burned areas 104

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) smaller than the spatial resolution of the MODIS MCD45A1 product, 500 m are not detected, i.e. it shows an error of omission, especially in areas of agricultural cultivation, such as sugarcane, where fires are controlled and do not cause the spread of fire to extensive areas.

Based on 2011, there was an analysis of recurrence of burned areas in relation to previous years. For the year 2011, 396 were reported as burned areas by MCD45A1 polygons, and according to IMAGE 5, 2003 (70 polygons) and 2007 (101 polygons) were the ones with the highest recurrence of bushfires.

IMAGE 23: RECURRENCE OF BURNED AREAS IN THE ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FOR 2011.

Conclusion

The regions that suffer the most from the fires in the RBSE are located to the North and Northwest, in the areas of the Cerrado Biome. The years with most fires were 2003, 2007, 2010 and 2011, and based on the 2011 fires, their recurrence was in greater proportion to the years with the largest burned areas. Of the total burned, most of them are located in the Cerrado Biome, with 87% of all burned areas for the analysis period. In relation to the municipalities in the RBSE, Lassance held the greatest record of fires by MODIS MCD45A1, about 32% of its municipal area was burned during the analyzed period, which is inserted in this biome.

Regarding the environmental policies for monitoring and/or prevention of fires on the different ecosystems, the data obtained through remote sensing are presented as an important tool, which allows the extensive and daily monitoring of areas to quantify the extent of the stricken areas at a low cost.

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Foto: Miguel Andrade©

4. THE CONSERVATION FUNCTION

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4 THE CONSERVATION FUNCTION 4.1 Significant changes (if any) in the main habitat types, ecosystems, species or varieties of traditional or economic importance identified for the Biosphere Reserve, including natural processes or events, main human impacts, and/or relevant management practices (since the last report).

From the Rio-92 Conference, the discussion on the impacts of human activities on the environment and the consequent loss of biodiversity has acquired a global importance, establishing a new basis for negotiation and collaboration between countries and mobilizing the society: the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Despite the significant advances in Brazil in the implementation of the CBD, there was the need for more practical instruments containing targets, objectives, guidelines and indicators. Given this scenario, the Government of Minas Gerais proposed the establishment of the State of Biodiversity Protection Plan (PEPB), which is one of the sub-projects that make up the strategic project for Conservation of the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga under coordination of the State Forest Institute.

Within the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, there were held four workshops of the PEPB in the cities of Caetanópolis, Diamantina, Governador Valadares and Montes Claros, strategically selected mainly because of logistical issues. With the participation of actors from various institutions of the organized civil society and the public authorities, the main barriers were discussed, as well as the demands for biodiversity conservation in their respective areas of expertise, related to scientific research, conservation of biodiversity, agricultural biodiversity, biodiversity, environmental education, environmental impacts and legal/regulatory instruments.

In relation to the theme "Scientific Research", one of the main barriers identified was the lack of integration between research institutions, public and private agencies and the community. There was the need for promotion of events, definition of priorities and research development. The successful initiatives in the region include the project Espinhaço Always Alive, which identified the Irreplaceable Areas of the Espinhaço Range and the project mosaic of protected areas of the Ridge: Alto Jequitinhonha-Serra do Cabral, the region identified with a large gap of knowledge for priority research.

In relation to the theme "Biodiversity Conservation", the main demands were raised with respect to evaluation of CU categories to be created and the existing ones, in addition to the need for consolidation of existing Conservation Units, mainly in relation to agrarian regularization, improvement of infrastructure, drawing up and revising management plans and consolidation of advisory boards. In this sense, the State Park of the Pico do Itambé, one of the CUs inserted in the mosaic of the Espinhaço Range with successful process of land property regularization through environmental compensation resources.

In relation to the theme "Social Biodiversity", one of the main obstacles encountered in the region concerning the restriction to the access to socio-biodiversity resources by traditional/local communities and the need for regulation of activity for extraction and valuation of social-biodiversity products. The representatives of traditional communities of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve and other sectors such as the departments of tourism and culture, and EMATER, for example, are considered key players for contributing to the solution of these obstacles.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) -Identification of Rare and Endangered Species in the RBSE

The National List of Endangered Species in the Brazilian Fauna, one of the most important instruments used by the Brazilian Government for biodiversity conservation, was launched in 2003, after a careful scientific work of hundreds of experts. Later, in 2008, the Brazilian Fauna Red Book of Endangered Species was designed, containing the geographical distribution of 627 endangered species. The RBSE clipping identified the distribution of 43 species (8 birds, 9 terrestrial invertebrates, 10 mammals, 7 fish, 4 reptiles and 5 aquatic invertebrates). Recently, in 2014, the list of species of endangered Brazilian Fauna was revised based on the evaluation process of the endangered Brazilian Fauna and had 1,173 species: 110 mammals, 234 birds, 80 reptiles, 41 amphibians, 353 bony fish (310 freshwater and 43 marine), 55 cartilaginous fish (54 marine and 1 fresh water), 1 Hagfish and 299 invertebrates, with a total of 448 Vulnerable Units (VU), 406 endangered (EN), 318 critically endangered (CR) and 1 extinct in nature (EW).

However, the mapping of the distribution of these species in RBSE is still in the process of identification.

Likewise, the list of species of endangered Flora was drafted in 2008, with 472 endangered species and 1,079 as data deficient. Recently, in 2014, this list was revised and shows 2,118 endangered species, being the South and Southeast regions harboring the most of their distribution. The RBSE clipping showed the occurrence of 411 species (~ 20% of the total).

Also in 2014, it was published the Red Book of Flora of Brazil - Rare Plants of the Cerrado, a result of the continuity of the assessments of the extinction risk of the national flora after the release of the National Red Book of Flora of Brazil. These are classified as rare species, usually whenever there is a low frequency of individuals in nature associated with a more restricted distribution, in terms of geography. There were assessed 578 rare species with distribution in the Cerrado in accordance with the concept of rarity by Giulietti et al. (2009), with 366 (63%) species categorized as endangered. In the RBSE clipping, 248 of the 643 species considered rare represented about 39% of the species.

- Identification of Irreplaceable Areas in RBSE

The Espinhaço Range, a hilly region in southeastern Brazil, between the States of Minas Gerais and Bahia, a region dividing the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in South-central portion and the Cerrado and Caatinga in its northern portion, is considered one of the most important centers of endemic plants of Brazil. It is home to numerous species from different taxonomic groups only found in this region, in addition to essential environmental services. Such importance motivated the creation of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in 2005, covering only part of this chain in the State of Minas Gerais.

With the goal of biodiversity protection coupled with sustainable development and the scientific knowledge, the Evergreen Ridge Project was released in mid-2005, coordinated by the Biotrópicos Institute of Wildlife Research and the support of International Conservation and the partnership of the Biodiversitas Foundation. The project aimed at gathering the existing information about the biodiversity along the entire chain of Brazil, in addition to identifying threats and subsidizing decision-making for conservation.

The project Espinhaço Always Alive resulted in an assessment of a set of protected areas in the region of the Serra do Espinhaço: 31 Conservation Units (nearly 520,000 hectares) for protecting 648 conservation targets, with 607 species of wild fauna and flora, 41 different types of ecosystems and the protection of sources as environmental services critical to the population.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) From the establishment of explicit targets for each of the targets considered, it was possible to assess the performance of protected areas in the conservation of selected targets, as well as identify any gaps and other complementary areas necessary to ensure representativeness of Conservation Units of the Espinhaço Range. The gap analysis showed that 271 objects of conservation (41.8% of the total) were not adequately protected in the region (considering a conservation target representation below 10%) and for a minimally adequate protection, it would be necessary to include other 27 areas in the system of protected areas of the Espinhaço Range.

Methodologically, the evaluation work consisted in the subdivision of the analysis in planning units of 5,000 ha and the assessment of the degree of importance (irreplaceable areas) for each one of them as contribution to the achievement of the set goals, considering the conservation implementation cost for each one of them. The clipping of the Biosphere Reserve in the region of irreplaceable areas of the Serra do Espinhaço comprised a total of 763 planning units (UP), with 519 areas larger than 4,000 ha, 162 between 2,000 and 4,000 ha and only 82 under 2,000 ha, covering 17 CUs. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of the set of existing protected areas in the region of the Espinhaço Range, there were considered a set of targets: a) Protection of 607 selected species among groups of vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish), invertebrates and vascular plants that are are considered threatened, endemic or rare in the Espinhaço Range (according to the list of the International Union for Conservation – IUCN 2004 and the list of Brazilian Endangered Fauna species of Extinction, MMA, 2003); b) The protection of related ecosystems with vegetation typology of Brazil (IBGE, 1993) subdivided into altitude ranges (low: 800 meters; Average: between 800 and 1,000 meters and High: above 1,000 meters) in the Espinhaço Range; c) Protection of environmental services as springs of rivers in the region of the Espinhaço Range, mapped from the regional hydrographic map (IBGE, 2003).

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IMAGE 24: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE AVAILABLE PLANNING UNITS (NOT PRESERVED) AND THE PROTECTED AREAS CONSIDERED IN 2005.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Of the total 607 species considered as targets, the clipping of the Biosphere Reserve comprehended 500 of them, among rare, endemic and endangered species, groups of vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish), invertebrates and superior vascular plants, corresponding to more than 82% of the total wealth of the Espinhaço Range.

TABLE 16: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF TARGETS RELATED TO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE AND IN THE RBSE CLIPPING.

Group

Number of species RBSE

Amphibians Birds Flora Invertebrates Mammals Fish Reptiles Grand Total

27 51 310 42 49 15 6 500

Number of species in the Espinhaço Range 29 54 395 46 50 23 10 607

% 93,1 94,4 78,5 91,3 98,0 65,2 60,0 82,4

Likewise, of the 41 types of selected ecosystems in the Espinhaço Range, 24 of them (~ 58%) were identified in the Biosphere Reserve clipping. Regarding the targets related to the conservation of environmental services, of the 7,756 sources mapped in the Espinhaço Range, 2,099 (~ 27%) were identified in the RBSE. TABLE 17: LIST OF TYPOLOGY OF ECOSYSTEMS IN RBSE CONSIDERED FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF GAPS IN THE CHAIN OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE

ECOSYSTEM Deciduous seasonal flower Deciduous seasonal flower-average Semi-deciduous flower Semi-deciduous flower-low Ombrofila dense flower Ombrofila dense flower-low Ombrofila dense flower-average Ecologic Retreat Ecologic Retreat-high Ecologic Retreat-low Ecologic Retreat-average Wooded savanna Wooded savanna-high Wooded savanna-low Wooded savanna-Average Steppe – forested savannah Steppe – forested savannah - High Steppe – forested savannah - Average Forested savanna Forested savanna-low Grassy Woody Savannah Grassy Woody Savannah - High Grassy Woody Savannah - Average Trans steppe savanna - seasonal Trans steppe savanna - seasonal-forested high Trans steppe savanna - seasonal forest low Trans steppe savanna - seasonal forest average

TYPES 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) ECOSYSTEM Trans savanna-seasonal flower Trans savanna-seasonal forested high Trans savanna-seasonal forested low Trans savanna-seasonal forested average Trans Savanna – forest steppe savanna Trans Savanna – steppe savanna- forest seasonal low Trans Savanna – steppe savanna- forest seasonal average stacional-media Trans Savanna – steppe savanna Trans Savanna – steppe savanna low

GRAND TOTAL

TYPES 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 24

For the determination of the value of the irreplaceable areas and the design of conservation scenarios, in addition to the indication of the targets (species, ecosystems and environmental services) associated with their respective Conservation Goals, there was the definition of a set of costs for each planning unit. It aimed at selecting planning units contributing most (high irreplaceability) at the lowest possible cost. The cost associated with each planning unit was determined through multi-varied analysis of twelve different variables representing greater or lesser anthropic pressure on the Espinhaço. They are distributed as costs evaluated as contributors to increase the effort to be undertaken for promoting the conservation of the RBSE region; costs evaluated as contributors to decrease the undertaken effort for promoting the RBSE conservation. It is synthesized by the result of the combination of variables related to the undertaken efforts for promoting the conservation of the RBSE region.

For the identification of additional areas for the conservation of all identified targets (species, ecosystems and environmental services) as the ideal setting to ensure the representation of protected areas at the Espinhaço Range, we used a computational decision support program, MARXAN (Marine Reserve Design Using Spatially Explicit Annealing), (Ball & Possingham, 2000). We present the distribution of irreplaceable areas in the clipping of the Biosphere Reserve and the distribution of priority areas for regional conservation, identified from the grouping of planning units for specially invited experts in a seminar in 2005.

In the last ten years, there were created or expanded several protected areas located in these priority areas, as we will show next.

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IMAGE 25: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES OF VERTEBRATES (MAMMALS, BIRDS, REPTILES, AMPHIBIANS AND FISH), INVERTEBRATES AND SUPERIOR VASCULAR PLANTS CONSIDERED AS CONSERVATION TARGETS.

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IMAGE 26: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES OF ECOSYSTEMS ASSESSED AS CONSERVATION TARGETS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE.

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IMAGE 27: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF DENSITY OF SOURCES CONSIDERED AS CONSERVATION OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 18: VARIABLES USED FOR THE DEFINITION OF COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PLANNING UNITS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE.

VARIABLE

DESCRIPTION

WEIGHT

SOURCE

Increase the conservation effort LAVRA

Active mining area in the region

0,3787

DNPM Map

POP

Total number of inhabitants per municipality in 2000

0,3237

Atlas of human development in Brazil-UNESCO

DESMAT

Proximity of deforested areas considering the period from 2000 to 2005

0,1508

MODIS images (MOD13QA)

ESTRA

Proximity of paved highways

0,0810

IBGE maps (Brazil to the Millionth)

FOCOS

Frequency of hotspots between 2001 to 2005

0,0509

Fire Bank-INPE

CRESC

Population growth rate between 1991 and 2000

0,0147

Atlas of Human Development in Brazil-UNESCO

Decrease the conservation effort NATIV

Percentage of native areas remaining in 2005

0,4637

MODIS images (MOD13QA)

APP

Density of permanent preservation areas

0,2130

IBGE maps (Brazil to the Millionth)

UCPI

Proximity of full protection Conservation Units

0,1323

The Basis Of CI-Brazil

GOVER

Governance structure in the municipalities considered

0,1302

Base Profile of Brazilian municipalities -IBGE

UCUS

Proximity of sustainable use Conservation Units

0,0330

The Basis Of CI-Brazil

APA

Proximity of environmental protection areas

0,0277

THE BASIS OF CI-BRAZIL

MODIS – Moderate resolution image spectroradiometer DNPM – National Department of Mineral Research (www.dnpm.gov.br) INPE – National Institute for Space Research (http://paraguay.cptec.inpe.br/produto/queimadas/) Atlas of Environmental Development (Undp 2003) IBGE – Brazilian Institute of geography and statistics. Base “Profile of the Brazilian municipalities” available at http://www.ibge.gov.br/munic2005/index.php

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Deforestation

Roads

Mines

Heat spots

Population growth rate

Population

IMAGE 28: SET OF VARIABLES USED AS POSITIVE CONSERVATION COSTS TO INCREASE EFFORTS TO BE UNDERTAKEN TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF THE RBSE REGION.

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Density of Permanent Preservation Areas

Governance

Native Especies

APA Proximity (Environmental Protection Area)

UCUS Proximity (CUs of sustainable use)

UCPI Proximity (Integral Protection CUs)

IMAGE 29: SET OF VARIABLES USED AS COST OF POSITIVE CONSERVATION FOR CONTRIBUTING TO DECREASE THE EFFORT TO BE UNDERTAKEN TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF THE RBSE REGION.

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IMAGE 30: CONSERVATION EFFORT MAP RESULTING FROM THE COMBINATION OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE VARIABLES RELATED TO THE EFFORT BEING UNDERTAKEN TO PROMOTE THE CONSERVATION OF THE REGION OF RBSE.

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IMAGE 31: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE INSUBSTITUIBILIDADE OF PLANNING UNITS, REPRESENTED BY THE FREQUENCY OF SELECTION OF EACH PLANNING UNIT ALONG THE YESULATIONS PERFORMED WITH THE MARXAN PROGRAM.

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IMAGE 32: RBSE CLIPPING SHOWING THE PRIORITY AREAS FOR CONSERVATION, IDENTIFIED BY EXPERTS FROM THE GROUPING OF PLANNING UNITS.

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ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) - Evolution of the Creation of protected areas in RBSE

Some of the most significant changes regarding biodiversity conservation occurred within the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve from 2005, regarding the increase in protected areas, urban occupation and mining processes.

Conservation Units incorporate areas of great environmental significance that must follow the rules and regulations defined in the process of creation, management and deployment, contributing directly to the preservation of biodiversity and significant historical and cultural attributes. In addition to the preservation of ecosystems, Conservation Units also have an important role to society, especially as regards the provision of environmental services, promotion and strengthening of scientific research, development of eco-tourism, education and environmental interpretation, contribution to sustainable development, among others.

Among the legal instruments applicable to these areas, the Federal Law No. 9,985/2000 and the Federal Decree No. 4,340/2002, which establish and regulate the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC).

At the state level, the recent publication of State Law No. 20,922/2013 ruling on the state forests and biodiversity policies. Introduced with the challenge of conserving portions of our territory that still preserved for the maintenance of biodiversity, the creation and implementation of protected areas has been the most used strategy around the world for environmental conservation. However, in Minas Gerais, as well as in other States of Brazil, these areas face severe difficulties related to structuring, maintenance and management, usually related to a lack of human and financial resources and the slowness of the processes involving the CUs. In the analysis of the evolution of CU creation in the RBSE, in the last ten years there has been a significant increase in protected areas, with the creation of 36 new CUs, from 85 (in 2005) to 121 CUs (in 2015), equivalent to an increase of more than 42% in the period.

IMAGE 33: PROTECTED AREAS IN THE RBSE - DETAILED CREATION OF CONSERVATION UNITS PER YEAR.

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IMAGE 34: CONSERVATION UNITS INSERTED IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 19: PROTECTED AREAS IN THE REGION OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. NAME OF THE CONSERVATON UNIT NAME OF THE CONSERVATON UNITONSERVAÇÃO UNITONSERVAÇÃO MONA Estadual Serra da Moeda APA Estadual Aguas Vertentes

UNIT

APA Estadual Cachoeira das Andorinhas APA Estadual Seminario Menor de Mariana APA Estadual SUL RMBH APA Morro da Pedreira APA Municipal Aguas da Serra da Piedade APA Municipal Alianca

MONA Estadual Serra da Piedade

APA Municipal Barao e Capivara

MONA Municipal Serra do Souza

APA Municipal Cachoeira Alegre

PAR Estadual da Baleia

APA Municipal Carvao de Pedra

PAR Estadual da Serra do Cabral

APA Municipal Corrego da Mata

PAR Estadual da Serra do Cipo

APA Municipal Descoberto

PAR Estadual da Serra do Rola Moca

APA Municipal Felicio

PAR Estadual do Biribiri

APA Municipal Gameleira

PAR Estadual do Itacolomi

APA Municipal Gatos

PAR Estadual do Pico do Itambe

APA Municipal Gualaxo do Sul

PAR Estadual do Rio Preto

APA Municipal Igarape

PAR Estadual Mata do Limoeiro

APA Municipal Itacuru

PAR Estadual Serra do Intendente

APA Municipal Jacutinga

PAR Estadual Serra do Ouro Branco

APA Municipal Piranga

PAR Municipal Aggeo Pio Sobrinho

APA Municipal Renascenca

PAR Municipal Cachoeira das Andorinhas

APA Municipal Rio Manso

PAR Municipal Do Tropeiro

APA Municipal Rio Manso

PAR Municipal Florestal Municipal Chacara do Lessa

APA Municipal Rio Picao

PAR Municipal Mangabeiras

APA Municipal Serra de Minas

PAR Municipal Mata das Borboletas

APA Municipal Serra do Cabral Augusto de Lima

PAR Municipal Natural Municipal Salao de Pedras

APA Municipal Serra do Cabral Buenopolis

PAR Municipal Natural Ribeirao do Campo

APA Municipal Serra do Cabral Francisco Dumond

PAR Municipal Roberto Burle Marx

APA Municipal Serra do Cabral Joaquim Felicio

PARNA da Serra do Cipo

APA Municipal Serra do Cabral Lassance

PARNA da Serra do Gandarela

APA Municipal Serra do Gaviao

PARNA das Sempre-Vivas

APA Municipal Serra do Intendente

REBIO Municipal Campos Rupestres de Moeda Norte

APA Municipal Serra Talhada

REBIO Municipal Campos Rupestres de Moeda Sul

APE Estadual Barreiro

RPPN Albert Charle

APE Estadual Catarina

RPPN Alto do Palacio

APE Estadual Cercadinho

RPPN Ana Helena

APE Estadual Fechos

RPPN AngloGold Ashanti - Cuiaba

APE Estadual Mutuca

RPPN Aves Gerais

APE Estadual Ouro Preto/Mariana

RPPN Brumas do Espinhaþo

APE Estadual Rio Manso

RPPN Comodato Reserva Peti

APE Estadual Rola-Moca e Balsamo

RPPN Do Andaime

APE Estadual Santana do Riacho e Jabuticatubas

RPPN Ermo Gerais

APE Estadual Serra Azul

RPPN Fazenda Capivary

APE Estadual Taboao

RPPN Fazenda Corrego Acima

APE Estadual Verissimo

RPPN Fazenda do Arrenegado

ESEC Estadual Aredes

RPPN Fazenda Joao Pereira / Poco Fundo

ESEC Estadual Cercadinho

RPPN Fazenda Nascer

ESEC Estadual Fechos

RPPN Horto Alegria

ESEC Estadual Tripui

RPPN Inhotim

FLO Estadual Uaimii

RPPN Itajuru ou Sobrado

MONA Estadual Itatiaia

RPPN Jurema

MONA Estadual Pico do Itabirito

RPPN Luiz Carlos Jurovsk Tamassia (Area 1 e 2)

MONA Estadual Varzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio MONA Municipal Mae D'Agua MONA Municipal Morro do Elefante MONA Municipal Morro do Pires MONA Municipal Serra da Calcada

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) NAME OF THE UNITONSERVAÇÃO RPPN Mata do Jambreiro

CONSERVATON

UNIT

NAME OF THE UNITONSERVAÇÃO RPPN Sitio Grimpas

CONSERVATON

RPPN Mata Samuel de Paula

RPPN Sitio Mata da Cruz

RPPN Minas Tenis Clube

RPPN Vale das Borboletas

RPPN Paixaozinha

RPPN Vale do Parauninha

RPPN Quebra Ossos

RPPN Vale dos Cristais

RPPN Quinta dos Cedros

RPPN Vale Verde

RPPN Riacho Fundo I e II

RPPN Vargem do Rio das Pedras

RPPN Santuario da Serra do Caraca

RPPN Ville Casa Branca

UNIT

RPPN Sitio dos Borges

* Caption: APA = Environmental Protection Area, APE = Special Protection Area, TNF = National Forest, MONA = Natural Monument, RPPN = Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony, REBIO = Biological Reserve, PAR = Park According to the table below, by the year 2005, the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve had more than 261,085 hectares of CUs in Integral Protection, which represent the core areas of the RBSE and more than 1,423,076 hectares of CUs of sustainable use, inserted in the Buffer Zone.

In the past ten years until the year 2015, there was an increase of nearly 61,000 acres in Integral Protection Conservation Units, representing an increase of more than 23% in areas considered as Core Zones. This number can be considered quite significant, since in recent years the initiatives for the creation of new protected areas have become increasingly scarce due to various conflicts of interest between economic development and conservation of natural resources.

TABLE 20: INCREMENT OF THE AREA THROUGH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UCS FROM 2005 TO 2015.

Group Full protection Sustainable Use Other (APE) Total

Until 2005 Area (ha) 261,085.33 1,423,076.66 351,352.93 1,656,669.17

2006 to 2015 Area (ha) 60,954.87 17,198.11 78,152.98

Increment % 23.34 0.012 4.71

Regarding the actions related to the protection of endangered species with occurrence in the region of RBSE from 2005 to 2015, there have been created National Action plans for the Conservation of Endangered Species or Speleological Heritage (PAN). These public policies are agreed with the society, which identify and guide the priority actions to address the threats that endanger populations of species and natural environments for protection. The table below presents the various action plans in progress considering the scope of the Biosphere Reserve of the Espinhaço Range.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 21: ACTION PLANS IN THE RBSE AREA.

ACTION PLANS IN RBSE

REGULATION / YEAR

1. National Action Plan for conservation of MMA Ordinance No. 203, July 5, 2013 Migratory Waders

2. National Action Plan for conservation of the MMA Ordinance No. 34, March 27, 2014 Cerrado and Pantanal

3. National Action Plan for the conservation of the MMA Ordinance No. 44, April 8, 2014 4.

5.

6.

Duck Loon Action plan to conserve birds of prey National Action Plan for the conservation of Galliformes National Action Plan for conservation of Lepidoptera PAN for Jaguar Conservation

2006 2008 MMA Ordinance No. 92, August 27, 2010

7.

8. Pan to conservation of Cactaceae 9. PAN Mammals of the Atlantic forest Central 10. PAN caves of San Francisco 11. PAN conservation of Evergreens 12. PAN PUMA 13. National Action Plan of the Southern Ridge

MMA Ordinance No. 63, June 9, 2014

14.

MMA Ordinance No. 31, March 27, 2014

National Action Plan for Conservation of the Maned Wolf 15. National Action Plan for Conservation of the Herpetofauna of the Serra do Espinhaço

MMA Ordinance n° 84, August 27, 2010 MMA Ordinance No. 134, December 23, 2010 MMA Ordinance No. 18 of February 17, 2012 MMA Ordinance No. 22 of February 17, 2012 MMA Ordinance No. 76 of June 27, 2014 In drafting.

MMA Ordinance No. 24, February 17, 2012

4.2 Describe the main conservation programmes that have been conducted in the Biosphere Reserve over the past ten years as well as current on-going ones.

One of the programs that contribute to the conservation of natural resources in the area of RBSE is the Green Bag Program.

This initiative aims to encourage the expansion and conservation of native vegetation cover through adoption of financial incentives, for example, for payment to owners to conserve areas of native vegetation for predetermined periods. Created in 2008 by the State of Minas Gerais, through the State Law nº 17,727, the law grants financial incentives to producers who preserve the environment and therefore receive financial incentives for ecosystem services provided to society.

This Regulation determines the benefit to those producers who recover, preserve and conserve necessary areas for the protection of riparian forests, recharging aquifers, the protection of biodiversity and ecosystems especially sensitive ones. In this same line, law can also benefit the urban landowners. The Green Bag Program has as a priority the family farmers and small rural producers. It may also reach producers whose properties are located within protected areas and, as such, they are subject to expropriation. The values of the financial incentive provided for State law nº 17,727 are defined by the Executive Committee of the Green Bag. The program relies on Recovery Fund, Protection and Sustainable Development of River Basins of the Estado de Minas Gerais (FHIDRO). There have been benefited 89 properties covering about of 3,150 ha in the RBSE. Another program in RBSE that contributes directly to the conservation of natural resources is the Environmental Program Incentive, the IEF, which through its team of extensionists, promotes forest actions 126

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) developed from the recovery and enrichment planting of native vegetation. In addition, the team also provides technical guidance for planting and monitoring of riparian forests, native vegetation and recovery of degraded areas and protection of springs. The IEF also produces seedlings in its nurseries or in nurseries established by partnerships with other public or private institutions.

To be covered by the incentive program, landowners or municipal administrations may request the assistance of the IEF for recovery of degraded areas. The production of seedlings of forest species is one of the primary objectives of the IEF, considering its mission to promote sustainable development, conservation, preservation and restoration of areas that have suffered environmental intervention and that need to be retrieved, as well as stimulate the forest development in small rural properties. In one of the forest modes offered by the Institution, by prior registration in one unit of the IEF, the rural producer may obtain seedlings and other inputs necessary for planting and reforestation, as well as development orientation by our technicians so the environmental restoration or plantations of forest production are successful. For the production of seedlings of native species, the IEF has a specialized team in collecting and processing of seeds, as well as an extensive network of forest geo-referenced arrays, which facilitate its setting and monitoring.

In the area of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, 67 farmers/landowners received the incentive, with an area of approximately 282.13 hectares.

In addition to the aforementioned programs, there is still the FHIDRO to give financial support to programs and projects that promote the rationalization of the use and improvement of water resources. It comprehends qualitative and quantitative aspects, including those related to flood prevention and control of soil erosion according to the Federal Law 6,938/1981 and 1997/9,433, and with State Law #13,199/1999. In the area of RBSE, there were developed 30 projects for the recovery of water resources from 2005 to 2014, in the river basins (DO1, DO3 and DO4), (JQ1 and JQ2) Jequitinhonha, Velhas (SF5) and Jequitaí/Pacuí (SF6), which will be detailed in the attached spreadsheets (ANNEX VI).

Another program with the objective of promoting actions of protection, restoration and sustainable use in the Atlantic Forest region in Minas Gerais developed since April 2003 is the Project for Protection of the Atlantic Forest (PROMATA-MG). The Project acts directly in 15 protected areas and their surroundings, encompassing a total area of 140,000 Km2 spread over 429 municipalities belonging to the Alto Jequitinhonha, Vale do Rio Doce, Zona da Mata, South-Central and South of the State. This whole area is equivalent to approximately 25% of the territory.

The actions of the PROMATA-MG focus on five interdependent and complementary components, namely, the strengthening of Conservation Units, monitoring, supervision and control, preventing and fighting forest fires, the sustainable development in the surroundings of the protected areas and areas of connectivity, and the coordination, monitoring and evaluation of the project itself.

The general coordination of the project is the responsibility of the State Department for Environment and Sustainable Development (SEMAD) and the State Forest Institute (IEF) is responsible for the implementation, management and monitoring. The PROMATA also has other partners, such as the Military Fire Brigade, the Coordination of Air Patrol and the Environmental Military Police, which act as jointly responsible for monitoring to ensure compliance with environmental legislation and prevention and fire-fighting. The Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (Ibama) is a partner in activities developed in two federal Conservation Units. State and federal universities collaborate with the project, providing technical and scientific support, and municipal governments, community organizations and nongovernmental organizations assist with advisory and operational activities.

Considering the area of PROMATA and the area of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, many protected areas are included in both contexts, which we list below: PE Itacolomi, PE Itambé, PE Serra da 127

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Rola Moça, PE Mata do Limoeiro, PE Rio Preto, PE Biribiri, PE Serra do Intendente, PE Serra Negra, ESEC Uaimií, APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas and APA Águas Vertentes. The main current actions of the PROMATA that contribute to the strengthening of Conservation Units in RBSE are: Core Areas Biribiri State Park: • Process of agrarian regularization; • Preparation of architectural design and deployment of infrastructure for protection and public use.

Itacolomi State Park: • Preparation of projects for expansion and reform of the structure for public use.

Pico do Itambé State Park: • Implementation and deployment of architectural design and Executive of the visitor center, Concierge, campground, security station and restoration of the São João Farm; • Preparation of management plans/land use and tenure regularization.

Serra do Intendente State Park: • Procurement of the management plan.

The buffer zone Environmental Protection Area (APA) Águas Vertentes • Procurement of the management plan/zoning.

Created through State Decree nº 44,043, June 9, 2005, PREVINCÊNDIO (Program for Preventing and Fighting Forest Fires) aims to coordinate the prevention, control and fight against forest fires in the protected areas under the responsibility of the State of Minas Gerais, areas of great ecological importance and that endanger the property and local communities.

Known as The Previncêndio - FTP Task Force with operational units coordinated by SEMAD, it acts in partnership with the Military Police, Fire Department, Military Civil Guard, Civil Defense Coordination, City of Curvelo, City of Januária, City of Viçosa. It also acts with several partnerships with organizations providing logistical support and enforcing the goal of FTP, which is preventing and combating forest fires at the State level.

The FTP regularly analyzes data relating to forest fires as a way of planning and optimizing preventive actions to be developed in the protected areas and their surroundings. We present data on the historical average of occurrence of forest fires and the magnitude of the fires in 2014.

The tables below present data from areas of the RBSE CUs hit by fires and the number of outbreaks of fires, respectively from 2009 to 2013 and 2014.

TABLE 22: INTERNAL BURNED AREA (IN HECTARES) IN THE PROTECTED RBSE AREAS.

CONSERVATION UNIT APA das Águas Vertentes APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas APA Seminário Menor de Mariana APA Sul RMBH

HISTORICAL AVERAGE (2009 TO 2013) 497.46 47.05 1,179.73

2014 2,274.62 59.16 0.00 990.21

PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE +357.2% +25.7% -16.1%

128

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) EE de Arêdes EE Cercadinho EE Fechos EE Tripuí FLOE Uaimii MN Itatiaia MN Serra da Moeda MN Várzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio PQE Baleia PQE Biribiri PQE Itacolomi PQE Pico do Itambé PQE Rio Preto PQE Serra do Cabral PQE Serra do Intendente PQE Serra do Ouro Branco PQE Serra do Rola Moça PQE Serra Negra

0.00 3.76 0.02 0.00 70.47 223.67 55.45 27.22 232.68 5.02 17.32 633.47 1,554.85 309.42 185.25 422.41 234.10

260.00 9.38 1.10 0.00 36.09 542.58 1.967.00 17.73 235.21 69.11 16.86 0.05 6,993.35 1,112.45 317.74 697.68 26.33

TABLE 23: NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES OF FIRES IN INNER AREA IN THE CONSERVATION UNITS IN RBSE.

CONSERVATION UNIT APA das Águas Vertentes APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas APA Seminário Menor de Mariana APA Sul RMBH EE de Arêdes EE Cercadinho EE Fechos EE Tripuí FLOE Uaimii MN Itatiaia MN Serra da Moeda MN Várzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio PQE Baleia PQE Biribiri PQE Itacolomi PQE Pico do Itambé PQE Rio Preto PQE Serra do Cabral PQE Serra do Intendente PQE Serra do Ouro Branco PQE Serra do Rola Moça PQE Serra Negra

HISTORICAL AVERAGE (2009 TO 2013) 19 03 09 00 01 00 00 01 05 04 11 18 00 00 01 16 04 08 22 02

2014 87 07 01 16 01 03 01 00 02 03 06 06 30 01 00 01 32 07 06 65 02

+149.5% +5,400.0% -48.8% +142.6% +3,447.3% -34.9% +1.1% +1,276.7% -2.7% -100.0% +349.8% +259.5% +71.5% +65.2% -88.8%

PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE +357.9% +133.3% +77.8% +200.0% +100.0% -40.0% +50.0% -45.5% +66.7% +100.0% +75.0% -25.0% +195.5% -

According to the graph below, it appears that, in the year 2014, most occurrences related to forest fires in the protected areas of the Biosphere Reserve are small scale, i.e. reached less than 06 hectares. In addition, 117 instances reached areas between 6 and 100 hectares. Occurrences of greatest expression, over 100 acres, had a number of 60 cases.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 35: MAGNITUDE OF WILDFIRES IN STATE CUs IN THE RBSE AREA IN 2014.

The model forests were initially developed in Canada, through the Forest Service of the country in the early 90s, to advance and practice sustainable management of forest landscapes and natural resources. At that time, there were growing conflicts by the management and use of natural resources and they required broad public participation in the processes of planning and management. They are considered spaces for the promotion of social and human development, encouraging the use of available resources through integrated, social, economic and environmental planning. In addition, the model forests are related to each other through the International Model Forests Network (RIBM), which is an efficient mechanism to transfer knowledge and lessons learned from one side of the world to another, thus accelerating the progress towards the sustainability goals.

They are fully related to the mission of the State Forest Institute (IEF), which aims to "ensure sustainable development through the implementation of forest policies and biodiversity protection". The strategy of establishing and strengthening the Model Forests in Minas Gerais aims to adopt sustainable practices, minimizing the effects of fragmentation of the environment and allowing the deployment of a more favorable matrix for maintaining ecological balance than the current scenario of occupation observed in the areas.

In addition to the threat to local ecosystems due to intense destruction of the biomes of the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, the choice of areas for the establishment of the two existing model forests in Minas Gerais took into account the opportunity and the need to create income-generating alternatives for local people. The initial idea of deploying a model forest was suggested for the Uaimií State Forest, a Conservation Unit embedded within the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve. This region was selected because it showed a need for rational use of forest resources for the social and economic maintenance of communities, primarily the Confectioners Association of São Bartolomeu. The existence of a fragment of forest planted in the region, under the control of the State stirred some expectations at that moment regarding its management, to meet the demands of consumption of firewood and timber-dependent communities directly from that forest resource, for their productive activities, social and cultural rights and the sweets of the area that are cultural heritage.

Based on the presented aspects and the numerous conflicts associated with disordered human occupation of this territory, the Mata Atlantica Model Forest was created in 2004. It covers much of this biome with 2,250,320 hectares and six IEF Regionals: South, South Central, Mata, Rio Doce, Alto Jequitinhonha and Northeast.

130

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) There are no files or historic details in the IEF defining the territory definition for the Mata Atlantica Model Forest. However, the area of 2,250,320 hectares is close to the total area of the Atlantic Forest Biome, defined by the IBGE as embedded within the limits of the State of Minas Gerais. It is believed that the choice of the area may also have taken into consideration the region with greater performance of IEF reconciled to the principles of forest model or with the opportunity for development of such actions, in particular for the established partnerships.

Initially, the actions of the Atlantic Forest Model Forest focused on the Ouro Preto region, more precisely the UamiĂ­ State Forest and surroundings, in which there was a conflict for firewood, mainly for the production of sweets. Currently, due to the large territorial extension and diversity of uses, cultures and landscapes of the Atlantic Forest Model Forest, the IEF, in its strategic planning, has chosen to work in microregions or cores through directories and subdirectories deployed throughout the territory of the forest model.

131

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 36: MAP OF COMPREHENSIVENESS OF THE ATLANTIC FOREST MODEL FOREST. SOURCE: RIABM

132

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In this action strategy, the territory of the Atlantic Forest was divided into six areas of Model Forest (Espinhaço Range, APA Alto Mucuri, Rio Doce, Corredor Serra do Brigadeiro-Caparaó, Mosaico Ouro Preto, Corredor APA Mantiqueira), which coincide with the focal action areas of Promata II, corresponding to a total of 226,996 km2. With that, the work is related to the development of areas of ecological corridors, including some protected areas and their surroundings.

For the implementation and strengthening of the Atlantic Forest Model, it is necessary to develop more effective actions in the Mosaic Core Ouro Preto, as well as the definition of the management/governance model of subdirectories. Whereas the Model Forests are treated as individual initiatives and with little penetration in the State policies, there was the elaboration of an action plan for the Model Forests of Minas Gerais, through a methodology permeating the participatory political organization among communities and the public sector for optimized utilization of human, logistic and financial resources.

IMAGE 37: FOCAL AREAS OF PERFORMANCE BY THE PROMATA II IN THE MODEL WOOD REGION. SOURCE: IEF (2015)

133

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 4.3 In what ways are conservation activities linked to, or integrated with, sustainable development issues (e.g. stewardship for conservation on private lands used for other purposes)?

The relationship between the conservation actions and sustainable regional development can be observed through the strengthening of Conservation Units and the correlation between them and their environment.

To achieve the objectives for which they were deployed, the CUs must have investments ranging from the allocation of specific human resources for its management, physical structure, elaboration of management plans and advisory boards, among others. Additionally, to fulfill their role fully, it is imperative that the Conservation Units are integrated into their surroundings.

The mosaic of CUs is an integrated management tool with form and objectives provided for by Federal Law No. 9985/00 (National System of Conservation Units-SNUC): Art. 26. Whenever there is a set of protected areas of different categories or not that are close, juxtaposed or superimposed, and other public and private protected areas constituting a mosaic, the management of the set should be done in an integrated and participatory manner, considering their different conservation objectives. They aim at reconciling the presence of biodiversity, recovery of the social diversity and sustainable development within the regional context.

In recent years, the Government has created some important protected areas in the region of the Espinhaรงo Range, which represent a meaningful way to preserve and ensure the conservation of ecosystems and natural resources vital to the maintenance of ecological processes, bases for development and improvement of the living conditions of populations near these CUs. However, the deployment of a CU mosaic may optimize the effective capacity of the proposed goals for the regional conservation.

The first articulations to start the process of creation and implementation of the Mosaic of Conservation Units for the Alto Jequitinhonha-Serra do Cabral took place at the end of 2007, and official activities started in April 2008. Since then, the Biotrรณpicos Institute, an institution that participates in the State Committee of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve and a non-governmental organization of scientific and nature conservation has coordinated the process. This process is performed in a partnership with the State Forest Institute of Minas Gerais and with the support of the Conservation International Brazil and the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation. Members of the State Committee of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve have been involved with recognition activities of this mosaic of areas since the beginning.

The process advanced as the results were achieved through working meetings defined with workshops, in which several social actors (public, private sector and communities) participated in all activities.

The decentralization of management in different locations in the Biosphere Reserve is today a strategy of the RBSE Action Plan and considers the Mosaics of Protected Areas the most effective identity for this management decentralization.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 38: AREA OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN RELATION TO THE MOSAIC AREA.

135

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In 2015, the Committee of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve established the first region in cooperation with the co-management processes. This process is under detailing with the regional actors according to the RBSE and MaB premises. This premise is required either by the various potential previously instituted in cooperation between Conservation Units or by the RBSE size.

For this purpose, we have identified areas with potential for recognition of Mosaics of Protected Areas that may cater to the collaborative process on co-management of RBSE, Yesilarly to the successful experience of the Mosaic Alto Jequitinhonha-Cabral. We highlight the potential and ongoing discussions: 1 - Mosaic of Protected Areas of the RBSE - Southern Ridge: Serra do Cipó National Park, APA Morro da Pedreira, State Parks of Serra do Intendente and Limoeiro, Natural and Municipal Park of Tabuleiro.

2 - Mosaic of Protected Areas in the RBSE - Iron Quadrangle 1: State Parks of Itacolomi and Serra de Ouro Branco, Uaimii State Forest, Ecological Station of Tripuí, Mariana Major Seminary, RPPN of the Caraça, Natural Monument of Serra da Piedade and Gandarela National Park.

3 - Mosaic of Protected Areas in the RBSE - Iron Quadrangle 2: State Park Serra do Rola Moça, Jambreiro Mata RPPN, Ecologic Station of Fechos, Municipal Parks of Serra do Curral, Mangabeiras and State Park of Baleia.

An important element in the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) is the formation of Advisory or Deliberative Councils for administration of the CUs. The Manager of the Conservation Unit, who defines other directors appointed by the sectors to be represented, chairs the Councils. These must have equal representation of government agencies and civil society.

Whereas the participatory management strategy, communication and institutional arrangements in the Core Zones, we present a framework with the Conservation Units in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve with existing Council Bylaws, the current Ordinance, the date of office admission and order of the regiment.

Of the total units, 18 have existing councils against 21 who do not have any and only 11 have internal regulations against 26.

Each Conservation Unit must have a Manager responsible for the Administration and for the fulfillment of its objectives, which relate to the upper management of the IEF. They must have professional skills and qualification consistent with the range of demands presented to the CU. The responsibility of the function requires that the managers are top-level professionals, with extensive knowledge in the environmental area and appointed for this specific purpose.

Besides the CU Manager, it is necessary a team to support the management and maintenance of each unit.

This team is comprised of a set of professionals who are environmental analysts and third party service providers. The table below lists the protected areas of the Biosphere Reserve that have or do not have managers and informs the number of service providers. It may be noted that 21 of them are managers and only 4 still do not have them. The protected areas represent an opportunity for employment of manpower to the communities located in its surroundings, contributing directly to the local economic development, supporting environmental surveillance, training of conservation in the communities and bases for sustainable practices in the regions where they are implemented.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 24: PROTECTED AREAS IN RBSE WITH COUNCIL BY-LAWS, CURRENT ORDINANCE, DATE OF OFFICE ADMISSION AND REGIMENTAL ORDER.

INTERNAL REGULATIONS

CURRENT ORDINANCE

DATE OF POSSESSION

ORDINANCE ON THE RULES OF PROCEDURE

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 79 of 7/29/2014

-

Waiting for regulatory deliberation of the Copam

Yes

No

Paragraph 171 of 11/11/2013

-

-

No

No

-

-

-

State APA Águas Vertentes

Yes

No

Paragraph 140 of 09/02/2013

09/02/2013

Paragraph 24 of 01/09/2013

State ESEC Arêdes

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 126 of 07/31/2013

-

Paragraph 110 of 10/16/2014

State ESEC Tripui

Yes

No

Paragraph 171 of 11/11/2013

-

-

State ESEC Cercadinho

No

No

-

-

-

CONSERVATION UNIT

State APA SUL RMBH State APA Seminário Menor de Mariana State APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas

CURRENT COUNCIL

State ESEC Fechos

No

No

-

-

Paragraph 196 of 09/26/2005

State FLO Uaimii State MONA Serra da Piedade

No

Yes

-

-

-

No

No

-

-

-

State MONA Pico do Itabirito

No

No

-

-

-

State MONA Estadual Várzea do Lajeado e Serra do Raio

No

No

Paragraph 140 of 09/02/2013

09/19/2012

-

State MONA Serra da Moeda

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 126 of 07/31/2013

State MONA Itatiaia

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 45 of 03/21/2013

State PAR Mata do Limoeiro

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 23 of 03/17/2014

State PAR Serra do Cipó State PAR Serra do Ouro Branco

No

No

-

-

-

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 45 of 03/21/2013

-

Paragraph 145 of 11/13/2014

State PAR Serra do Cabral

Yes

No

Paragraph 131 of 10/24/2014

-

-

State PAR Serra do Intendente

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 186 of 11/21/2012

11/21/2012

Paragraph 113 of 07/15/2013

State PAR Itacolomi

Yes

No

Paragraph 171 of 11/11/2013

-

-

State PAR Rio Preto

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 130 of 10/23/2014

10/23/2014

Paragraph 251/2009

State PAR Pico do Itambé

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 78 of 07/29/2014

07/29/2014

Paragraph 121 of 06/22/2011

State PAR Baleia

No

No

-

-

-

06/17/2014

Paragraph 147 of 09/15/2011

State PAR Biribiri

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 67 of 06/17/2014

State PAR Serra do Rola Moca

Yes

Yes

Paragraph 32 of 05/09/2014

Paragraph 110 of 10/16/2014 -

Paragraph 145 of 11/13/2014

Paragraph 196 of 09/26/2005

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 25: LISTS THE PROTECTED AREAS OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE THAT HAVE OR NOT MANAGERS, AS WELL AS INFORM THE NUMBER OF SERVICE PROVIDERS.

Has a manager Conservation Unit

YES

State APA South RMBH State APA Seminário Menor de Mariana State APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas State APA Águas Vertentes State ESEC de Aredes State ESEC Tripuí State ESEC Cercadinho State ESEC Fechos State FLO Uaimii State MONA Serra da Piedade State MONA Pico do Itabirito State MONA Varzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio State MONA Serra da Moeda State MONA Itatiaia State PAR Mata do Limoeiro State PAR Serra do Cipó State PAR Serra do Ouro Branco State PAR Serra do Cabral State PAR Serra do Intendente State PAR Itacolomi State PAR Rio Preto State PAR Pico do Itambé State PAR Baleia State PAR Biribiri State PAR Serra do Rola Moça

NO

x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

TOTAL

x x x x x x x x x 21

04

Number of continuous service providers 02 02 03 05 03 08 17 05 05 02 07 06 13 18 40 30 21 01 16 49 253

The law No. 9,985/2000 establishes the National System of Conservation Units and defines the management plan as a technical document that based on the General objectives of a Conservation Unit defines its zoning and the standards that should rule the use of the area and management of natural resources.

All Conservation Units must have a management plan covering the area of the Conservation Unit, its buffer zone and the ecological corridors, including measures to promote their integration into the economic life of neighboring communities (Art. 27, § 1).

The management plans are essential to the management of CUs, since they establish the area zoning, its buffer zone and all current management and visitation regulations, as well as guidelines for compatibility of economic activities with environmental conservation, whenever applicable. It is important to note that the management plan is a dynamic instrument that, once elaborated, should be reviewed periodically, allowing the management process.

Management shall mean any procedure aimed at ensuring the conservation of biological diversity and ecosystems. Managing a CU requires the development and understanding of a set of actions necessary for the management and sustainable use of natural resources in any activities, within and around these spaces.

138

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) It allows the reconciliation of different types of use with biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the management plans are sources of research and promotion of the function of RBSE Logistic Support of RBSE. They refer to the observance of reference terms that support integrated diagnostics and planning of biotic, physical, socioeconomic and tourism areas.

The table below presents the CUs in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve with management plan, those without one and those whose management plans are in preparation or in the process of procurement. In RBSE, it should be noted that of the 25 units belonging to the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, nine have no management plan, nine have a plan, six are under development and one is in the procurement phase.

TABLE 26: STATUS OF THE MANAGEMENT PLANS OF PROTECTED AREAS OF THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.

Conservation Unit

Management plan

Note

State APA SUL RMBH

No, only ZEE, requiring updating

-

State APA Seminário Menor de Mariana

No

-

State APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas

No, only ZEE, requiring updating

-

State APA Aguas Vertentes State ESEC de Aredes

In preparation

Plan completed in 1975-at the time the FEAM administered UC Included in the PESRM PM (Art. 1 - D No. 1386/08)

State ESEC Tripuí

Yes

State ESEC Cercadinho

No

State ESEC Fechos

Yes

State FLOE Uaimii

Yes

Deliberation No. 1510 of July 5, 2012

State MONA Serra da Piedade State MONA Pico do Itabirito State MONA Varzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio State MONA Serra da Moeda State MONA Itatiaia

No No

-

No

-

In preparation In preparation

State PAR Mata do Limoeiro

Yes

State PAR Serra do Cipó State PAR Serra do Ouro Branco

No In preparation

State PAR Serra do Cabral

In preparation

State PAR Serra do Intendente

In preparation

State PAR Itacolomi

Yes

State PAR Rio Preto

Yes

State PAR Pico do Itambé

Yes

State PAR Baleia

No

State PAR Biribiri

Yes

Decisions 53rd regular meeting of the Board Theme of biodiversity and Protection of protected areasCPB/COPAM on the agenda to be approved by CPB in August 2015 (Resolution ad referendum paragraph 1,408, of July 17, 2008) and reviewed in 2013 (Resolution No. 001 of September 13, 2004) and revised in 2010 (Resolution No. 001 of September 13, 2004) and revised in 2010 Resolution No. 001 of September 13, 2004 and 2012 review public usage and buffer zone

State PAR Serra do Rola Moça

Yes

Resolution ad referendum no. 1386, January 25, 2008 and review in 2013.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The table below presents the CUs belonging to the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve that have some infrastructure, those with office courtesy of municipal administrations and those that have no structure.

TABLE 27: INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE PROTECTED AREAS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.

CONSERVATION UNIT State APA SUL RMBH

CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE Administrative headquarters in PE of Serra do Rola-Moçan

State APA Seminário Menor de Mariana

Administrative headquarters in room provided by the Municipality.

State APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas

No structure

State APA Aguas Vertentes

Headquarters-rented house ceded by the city.

State ESEC de Aredes

A container and administrative headquarters located at advanced Agency IEF in Itabirito in partnership with the Municipal Administrationtechnical cooperation agreement

State ESEC Estdual Tripuí

Concierge, administrative headquarters, institutional residence, home of researcher, visitor center and warehouse.

State ESEC Cercadinho

Administrative headquarters (along with the EP of Serra do Rola-Moça).

Warehouse, maintenance and workshop lab owned by COPASA.

State ESEC Estadual Fechos

Administrative headquarters (along with the EP of Serra do Rola-Moça).

State FLOE Uaimii

Concierge, administrative headquarters, institutional residence, home of researcher, toilets.

State MONA Serra da Piedade

Courtesy room by the Municipal Government.

State MONA Pico do Itabirito

There is no structure.

State MONA Varzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio

Headquarters-rented house ceded by the city.

State MONA Serra da Moeda

Administrative headquarters in room provided by the Municipality. Term of Use signed between Gerdau and IEF for use of property of the company on the BR-040 where the UC headquarters.

State MONA Itatiaia State PAR Mata do Limoeiro State PAR Serra do Cipó State PAR Serra do Ouro Branco State PAR Serra do Cabral State PAR Serra do Intendente

Room ceded by the municipality of Ouro Branco, located in the District of Itatiaia.

Administrative Office, Concierge and trails structured with signals.

There is no structure.

There is no structure.

Administrative headquarters and Museum.

Internal signage. Administrative headquarters shared with municipal Park.

140

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) CONSERVATION UNIT

CURRENT INFRASTRUCTURE

State PAR Itacolomi

Concierge, administrative headquarters, institutional residence, home of researcher, guesthouse, accommodation, restrooms, camping area, recreation area/living, restaurant, helipad, Museum, training center, visitor center, parking, storeroom, observation deck, structured trails, internal signaling, a Bandeirista Style Home (Trail Blazers), Tea Museum, Watch Cabin.

State PAR Rio Preto

Concierge, administrative headquarters, institutional residence, home of researcher, guesthouse, accommodation, camping, restaurant area, heliport, visitors center, maintenance, laundry Center, observation tower, gazebo, structured tracks, internal and external signage.

State PAR Pico do Itambé

Administrative headquarters, institutional residence, guesthouse, structured trails, internal signaling-need reforms and completion of the structure.

State PAR Baleia State PAR Biribiri State PAR Serra do Rola Moça

There is no structure Guarita, internal signaling Concierge, administrative accommodation, parking.

headquarters,

institutional

residence,

4.4 How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied?

One of the factors that have contributed positively to the conservation of natural resources in the RBSE refers to the law of the Solidary ICMS and, specifically, the Ecological ICMS. The State Forest Institute is the institution responsible for the implementation of the Ecological ICMS program, a sub-criterion related to protected areas in the State of Minas Gerais, as provided for in State law nº 18,030/2009 (article 4-item II), which provides for the distribution of the revenue portion of the proceeds from the collection of the municipal ICMS. To receive the transfer of the Ecological ICMS, the municipalities with protected areas in their territories should register them according to SEMAD Resolution No. 318/2005, sending all the documents listed in article 6. Such documents are inherent to the created CUs and ongoing management system, for example, documents showing the implementation of advisory boards, preparation of the management plan, financial resources employed in the unit, among others.

The assessment of the Ecological ICMS is annual, and it is closely related to the management of protected areas in the register. The assessment of the parameters is regulated by Normative Resolution No. 086 COPAM, 7/17/2005, and Normative Deliberation COPAM nº 161, 12/16/2010, which set out the procedures for the application of the quality factor. Whereas the parameters assessed by the quality factor are diverse and represent not only aspects related to the conservation of the area, but also aspects related to unit management, it is understood that such parameters are good indicators for the evaluation of the CU role as specially protected area and its contribution to regional development.

Initially, whereas there are Conservation Units in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, there are 23 protected areas (6 State and 17 Municipal) inserted in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve not registered in the State Register of CUs for the Ecologic ICMS. These are the APA Municipal Águas da Serra 141

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) da Piedade, APA Municipal Gatos, APA Municipal Aliança, APA Municipal Córrego da Mata, APA Municipal Itacuru, APA Municipal Serra do Gavião, APA Municipal Carvão de Pedra, APE Estadual Santana do Riacho e Jaboticatubas, APE Estadual Ouro Preto/Mariana, ESEC Estadual Cercadinho, MONA Estadual Serra da Piedade, MONA Estadual Pico do Itabirito, MONA Municipal Morro do Elefante, MONA Municipal Morro do Pires, MONA Municipal Serra da Calcada,MONA Municipal Serra do Souza, MONA Municipal Mãe D'Água, PAR Estadual Serra do Cipó, PAR Municipal Do Tropeiro, PAR Municipal Cachoeira das Andorinhas, PAR Municipal Natural Ribeirão do Campo, REBIO Municipal Campos Rupestres de Moeda Sul, REBIO Municipal Campos Rupestres de Moeda Norte.

It is important to assess the reasons that did not allow the registration of these CUs, as they may represent an increase of significant resources to the municipalities in which they are. IMAGE 16 shows the overall average score of the quality factor of the CUs entered in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve from 2007 to 2014, officially registered for purposes of the ecologic ICMS, inserted in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

0,6 0,5 0,5 0,4

0,41

0,41

2008

2009

0,46

0,46

0,46

0,46

2010

2011

2012

2013

0,35

0,3 0,2 0,1 0

2007

2014

IMAGE 39: OVERALL AVERAGE SCORE OF THE QUALITY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION UNITS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE FROM 2007 TO 2014.

TABLE 28: CONSERVATION UNITS REGISTERED FOR PURPOSES OF THE ECOLOGIC ICMS, INSERTED IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF BRAZIL, AND THEIR RESPECTIVE SCORES OF QUALITY FACTOR FROM 2007 TO 2014.

CONSERVATION UNITS

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Municipal APA Serra do Cabral Augusto de Lima

0,1

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,1

0,2

0,2

State APE Barreiro

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

State APE Cercadinho

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

State PAR Baleia

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Municipal PAR Mangabeiras

0,1

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,1

0,8

Municipal PAR Mata das Borboletas

0,1

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,7

0,1

0,7

Municipal PAR Roberto Burle Marx

0,1

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,1

0,8

Municipal PAR Aggeo Pio Sobrinho

0,1

0,9

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,8

0,1

0,8

State APE Rio Manso

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

State APE Catarina

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

Municipal APA Serra de Minas

0,6

0,6

0,5

0,5

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,4

Municipal APA Serra do Cabral Buenopolis

0,7

0,6

0,6

0,5

0,4

0,4

0,4

0,4

142

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) CONSERVATION UNITS

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

National PAR Sempre-Vivas

0,1

0,3

0,5

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,4

0,4

Municipal APA Renascenca

0,3

0,4

0,3

0,5

0,5

0,6

0,6

0,5

Municipal APA Serra do Intendente

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

State PAR Serra do Intendente

--

-

-

-

-

0,1

0,4

0,5

Municipal PAR Natural Municipal Salao de Pedras

--

0,5

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Municipal APA Serra Talhada

0,1

0,2

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Municipal APA Rio Manso

0,5

0,3

0,3

0,4

0,1

0,5

0,4

0,4

Municipal APA Descoberto

--

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

State PAR Biribiri

0,3

0,3

0,5

0,6

0,1

0,6

0,7

0,6

Municipal APA Gualaxo do Sul

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Municipal APA Gameleira

0,1

0,1

0,3

0,2

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,3

State APA Aguas Vertentes

0,1

0,2

0,2

0,2

0,4

0,4

0,5

0,5

Municipal APA Felicio

0,1

0,3

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,7

0,7

Municipal APA Serra do Cabral Francisco Dumond

0,6

0,6

0,4

0,5

0,5

0,1

0,3

0,3

Municipal APA Barao e Capivara

0,4

0,3

0,1

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,2

0,3

State APE Taboao

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

State APE Rola-Moca e Balsamo

1,0

0,1

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

Municipal APA Igarape

0,3

0,4

0,1

0,3

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,3

State APE Serra Azul

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

Federal APA Morro da Pedreira

0,1

0,4

0,1

0,4

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

State PAR Mata do Limoeiro

--

-

-

-

-

0,2

0,3

0,5

State ESEC de Aredes

--

-

-

-

0,1

0,3

0,3

0,5

State MONA Serra da Moeda

--

-

-

-

0,3

0,3

0,4

0,5

National PAR Serra do Cipo

0,1

0,5

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

Municipal APA Serra do Cabral Joaquim Felicio

0,6

0,6

0,5

0,5

0,4

0,5

0,4

0,4

--

0,3

0,4

0,6

0,7

0,7

0,6

0,6

Municipal APA Serra do Cabral Lassance

0,4

0,5

0,5

0,4

0,4

0,3

0,4

0,2

State APA Seminario Menor de Mariana

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,4

0,1

0,4

0,5

0,5

Municipal APA Jacutinga

0,4

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,4

0,5

Municipal APA Rio Picao

0,4

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,3

0,1

State APA SUL RMBH

0,1

0,1

0,6

0,5

0,5

0,6

0,6

0,6

State APE Fechos

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

State APE Mutuca

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

State ESEC Fechos

0,6

0,6

0,1

0,1

0,6

0,1

0,6

0,6

State PAR Serra do Rola Moca

0,6

0,6

0,8

0,8

0,9

0,9

0,9

0,9

State APE Verissimo

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

--

-

-

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,4

0,4

State APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas

0,5

0,1

0,5

0,5

0,5

0,4

0,3

0,3

State ESEC Tripui

0,5

0,1

0,1

0,5

0,6

0,1

0,5

0,5

State FLO Uaimii

0,4

0,3

0,7

0,8

0,8

0,7

0,7

0,1

State MONA Itatiaia

--

-

-

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,4

State PAR Itacolomi

0,5

0,6

0,1

0,6

0,6

0,5

0,5

0,5

Municipal APA Piranga

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,3

0,1

0,5

0,4

State PAR Serra do Cabral

State PAR Serra do Ouro Branco

143

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) CONSERVATION UNITS

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

0,1

--

-

0,2

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,3

0,3

State PAR Rio Preto

0,6

0,6

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

State PAR Pico do Itambe

0,2

0,4

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,7

0,8

--

-

-

-

-

0,3

0,4

0,3

Municipal PAR Florestal Municipal Chacara do Lessa Municipal APA Cachoeira Alegre

State MONA Varzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio

The project management and research analyze scientific researches in protected areas under the jurisdiction of the State Forest Institute. Such researches are relevant for knowledge and performed by various institutions, generating numerous publications related to biodiversity in the State of Minas Gerais.

Management is performed through partnership between IEF and Teaching and Research Institutions. The proposal of the IEF is to provide, wherever possible, infrastructure, housing and human resource, and create mechanisms for the dissemination of work performed in the CUs. This disclosure has been performed through the IEF Portal (www.ief.mg.gov.br) and the technical-scientific journal MG Biota.

The table below shows the total scientific research permits issued by IEF from 2005 to 2015 and the technical-scientific MG Biota journals covering articles on the UCs and municipalities in the Ridge.

In relation to scientific research, it turns out that the 66 State Conservation Units included in the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve, in 39% were issued permits. The three most-studied protected areas were the State Parks of the Rio Preto, Itacolomi and Serra do Rola Moรงa.

In relation to articles published in the scientific-technical journal MG. Biota, of the 39 issues published so far, 19 articles included Conservation Units in the Espinhaรงo Range and 23 included 22 cities of the 94 in the Espinhaรงo Range, the municipality of Ouro Preto being the most researched.

The issued authorizations and published articles deal with various areas of knowledge, ranging from fauna, flora, recovery of areas, soil, geology, water quality, environmental services, ecology, ecotourism, among others, depicting the importance of the area for science and conservation of biodiversity.

The Core Zones, imposed through the full protection Conservation Units, as well as the buffer zone, with the Conservation Units of Sustainable Use make up an important space for the development of actions of the Logistics Function. Thus, it is important to associate the data of researches Conservation Units to items 6.1 and 6.2 of this report.

144

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 29: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PERMITS ISSUED PER YEAR FOR PROJECTS IN THE STATE CONSERVATION UNITS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.

Total of Scientific Research permits issued

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Total

NAME

1 1 5 -

3 2 -

1 2 1 3 -

2 5 1 2 2 3 7 6 -

2 3 1 1 2 4 4 -

1 4 1 2 5 -

3 2 1 1 2 1 2 4 4 1 1 -

4 1 2 2 6 1 1

4 4 1 1 1 3 6 6 7 1 2

2 3 1 4 8 2 4 3 2 7 -

2 1 1 1 1 -

18 26 4 8 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 12 4 18 38 37 10 0 10 0 3

-

-

11

3 10

1 11

4 10

2 10

2 24

12

2 13

3

State PAR da Serra do Cipo State PAR da Serra do Rola Moca

10

22

28

22

25

14

14

20

23

19

9

State PAR do Biribiri

3

10

9

12

12

11

22

20

17

9

3

State PAR do Itacolomi

12

25

26

27

28

22

19

22

15

20

8

State PAR do Pico do Itambe

5

9

12

17

9

14

19

17

11

10

3

State PAR do Rio Preto

8

21

21

31

22

25

29

32

31

27

12

State PAR Mata do Limoeiro State PAR Serra do Intendente

-

-

6

7

5

8

4

9

1 5

2 6

1 1

14 10 4 0 20 6 12 8 22 4 12 6 25 9 4 51

State APA Aguas Vertentes State APA Cachoeira das Andorinhas State APA Seminario Menor de Mariana State APA SUL RMBH State APE Barreiro State APE Catarina State APE Cercadinho State APE Fechos State APE Mutuca State APE Ouro Preto/Mariana State APE Rio Manso State APE Rola-Moca e Balsamo State APE Santana do Riacho e Jabuticatubas State APE Serra Azul State APE Taboao State APE Verissimo State ESEC Aredes State ESEC Cercadinho State ESEC Fechos State ESEC Tripui State FLO Uaimii State MONA Itatiaia State MONA Pico do Itabirito State MONA Serra da Moeda State MONA Serra da Piedade State MONA Varzea do Lageado e Serra do Raio State PAR da Baleia State PAR da Serra do Cabral

145

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

NAME

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Total

State PAR Serra do Ouro Branco RPPN Albert Charle RPPN Alto do Palacio RPPN Ana Helena RPPN AngloGold Ashanti - Cuiaba RPPN Brumas do Espinhaþo RPPN Do Andaime RPPN Ermo Gerais RPPN Fazenda Capivary RPPN Fazenda Corrego Acima RPPN Fazenda do Arrenegado RPPN Fazenda Nascer RPPN Horto Alegria RPPN Jurema RPPN Luiz Carlos Jurovsk Tamassia (Area 1 e 2) RPPN Mata do Jambreiro RPPN Mata Samuel de Paula RPPN Minas Tenis Clube RPPN Paixaozinha RPPN Quebra Ossos RPPN Quinta dos Cedros RPPN Riacho Fundo I e II RPPN Sitio dos Borges RPPN Sitio Mata da Cruz RPPN Vale das Borboletas RPPN Vale do Parauninha RPPN Vale dos Cristais RPPN Vale Verde RPPN Vargem do Rio das Pedras RPPN Ville Casa Branca Total

-

-

-

-

-

2 2 -

3 -

5 1 2 1 -

9 -

10 -

2 1 1 -

31 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

45

92

120

157

130

125

144

172

160

154

50

1349

Total of Scientific Research permits issued

146

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 4.5 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the successes of conservation efforts in the entire Biosphere Reserve?

The Conservation Units can be considered as the main instruments of conservation in the RBSE. The main factors influencing conservation efforts relate to the adoption of instruments to promote the permanence and the administration of the CUs, such as the agrarian reform, environmental compensation and fighting fires.

According to the Federal Law No. 9985/2000 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; SNUC, the Conservation Units (CUs) are categorized with the objective of preserving and according to each category, establishes whether the CU should consist of areas of ownership and public domain, private or both. Some categories of these units must be in the public domain and, therefore, the State Forest Institute will acquire the private areas, which are the Ecological Station, Biological Reserve, State Park, State Forest, Extractive Reserve, Wildlife Reserve and Sustainable Development Reserve. However, other units such as Natural Monument and the Wildlife Refuge do not require mandatory public domain, if there is compatibility among their objectives and the use of land and natural resources by the owners.

The agrarian reform is as a set of administrative, environmental, social, legal and other matters that seek to regulate occupations and/or arrests established within Conservation Units. As a rule, the agrarian reform occurs through the instrument of dispossession, established in the Federal Decree n° 3365/1941. However, the IEF, in addition to working with the expropriation, uses other instruments that allow the Regularization of Properties located within the CUs. In this case, there are used other instruments such as Compensation of Legal Reserve in the Conservation Unit, Forest Replacement, Environmental Compensation, Forest and Mining Compensation, Speleological Compensation and Conditions of Environmental Regularization Processes (Licensing).

In the State of Minas Gerais, the agrarian regularization occurs in regional offices of the State Forest Institute, in conjunction with the team of CUs and with the support of the Management for Regularization of the IEF/MG. In the case of compensation, it includes the participation of the Regional Superintendence of Environmental and Sustainable Development Regularization (SUPRAM). The goal of the regionalization of the land property regularization is to accelerate the processes, while maintaining the standard works and provide specific action plans for each unit, due to their peculiarities. The IEF initiates the work of regularization in the real estate registry and in documentary collection for each expropriated unit. After registration, it opens a file for each property or possession that will be the basis for analysis and referrals to be performed by the technical and legal teams of the Regional Office. In cases of expropriation, the situation of each property is checked and the documentation must comply with the list of documents required for the procedural statement. After the statement and analysis, the process is referred to the Attorney General of the State (ACT), which will evaluate the possibility of the process following the friendly or judicial route. The Minas Gerais Conservation Units have different land situations.

Environmental compensation can be understood as a mechanism of accountability for entrepreneurs causing significant environmental impact, due to the damage they cause to the environment. Since the economic activity they developed negatively affects the environment, the entrepreneur, in contrast to his harmful activity, should support mechanisms that promote environmental preservation. For this reason, the law provides for the investment in the creation, deployment and maintenance of protected areas, which, obviously, are essential to the preservation of different ecosystems and essential to maintaining the biological balance. When linking the application of environmental compensation resources, the legislature is not promoting the repair of the damage caused, but just compensation for it.

147

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The Program for Preventing and Fighting Forest Fires is responsible for the prevention, control and fight against forest fires, activities for which the IEF is responsible for coordinating prevention and combating forest fires in accordance with state law nº 10,312/90, with Decree No. 39,792/98 and with the Delegated Law No. 79/03. The work is performed by IEF in partnership with the Fire Department of Minas Gerais, through a cooperation agreement between the two institutions in 1993, which allowed combat courses and prevention of forest fires throughout the year and throughout the State. The Previncêndio has many effective actions to prevent and combat forest fires, mainly around protected areas, permanent preservation areas and the native ecological relevant interest remaining in the State. It is possible to monitor the monitoring of hotspots at the SEMAD webpage.

IMAGE 40: MONITORING SYSTEM FOR FIRE PREVENTION OF SEMAD/MG.

4.6 Other comments/observations from a Biosphere Reserve perspective.

Below we present two fundamental issues that we consider as strategic, in the case of a territory with strong identities in mining economics, geological structure, rare and endemic species, and environmental services, among others.

To this end, we highlight the strategic interest points in this item:

148

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 1 - The issue of high-altitude grassland, while the area of great endemism and wealth and therefore its conservation status should be reviewed; 2 - RBSE Phase II - Proposal for Expansion of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve. The Biosphere Reserve will be expanded to the North of the State of Minas Gerais and will be the target of detailing for forwarding to UNESCO in 2016.

4.6.1. The Rupestres Fields and the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve

For Carmo & Kamino (2015), the Ferruginous Geo-Systems in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve must also be highlighted due to the potential, gaps and threats to conservation.

The Ferruginous rocky outcrops known as cangas constitute the ferruginous geo-systems with the together with the ferruginous formations, which represent one of the most important ecosystems of Brazil. Plant communities that occur in ferruginous geo-systems, particularly in cangas, are characterized by high beta diversity, presence of dozens of rare, endemic and endangered species and they are home for a high value of conservation. The Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve contains two of the most important ferruginous geo-systems of Minas Gerais: the Iron Quadrangle and the Serra da Serpentina, the latter incorporates the geo-systems of the Santo Antônio River Basin (Jacobi & Carmo, 2009; Carmo et al., 2012; Carmo & Kamino, 2015).

149

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 41: LOCATING THE FERRUGINOUS GEO-SYSTEMS (RED LINES) IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ADAPTED FROM THE DIGITAL GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL ATLAS, 2015. HTTP://WWW.INSTITUTOPRISTINO.ORG.BR/ATLAS/ESPINHACO/.

150

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The environmental conditions in cangas are peculiar and quite severe. In open areas and those close to the surface of the ferruginous plates, there have already been measured temperatures reaching nearly 70°C and relative humidity of less than 10%. These microclimatic conditions cause high levels of evapotranspiration in plants, which indirectly inhibits photosynthesis due to the opening of the stomata, a situation that is reflected in extreme ecophysiological adaptations like juiciness, xeromorphism and desiccation tolerance, i.e. a physiological ability able to perform cycles of dehydration and rehydration.

In addition, the Mineralogical Constitution of Ferruginous Plates can be composed of up to 90% iron oxides and hydroxides and soils - if present - are very acidic, shallow and with reduced rates of organic matter (Carmo, 2010; Jacobi et al., 2015; Schaefer et al., 2015).

Multivariate analyses were used by Carmo & Jacobi (2013) to compare vegetation on cangas with vegetation associated with quartz systems, especially those in the Espinhaço Range. The authors presented results that distinguished the vegetation of the quartz systems of the Espinhaço cangas by greater influence of floristic elements of swamp forests of the Atlantic forest domain, higher frequency of strata formed by trees and shrubs, high richness of species of genera as Solanum and Cattleya and little representation of some typical genres of physiognomic rupestrian fields on quartzite. This distinction seems to correlate with the geographical location of the Quadrangle and the geomorphological and mineralogical characteristics of cangas.

The high environmental heterogeneity described to this geo-system, like caves, lagoons, swamps, paved areas, cracks, puddles and escarpments, promote ecological conditions that usually differ from the adjacent landscape. Considerable alpha diversity correlated to environmental heterogeneity characterizes the vegetable communities in cangas. In just 14 ferruginous rocky outcrops located in the iron quadrangle, whose total area is less than 550 ha, about of 1,100 species of vascular plants have been inventoried (Carmo & Jacobi, 2012).

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IMAGE 42: VEGETATION TYPES THAT OCCUR ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY IN CANGAS IN THE IRON QUADRANGLE, PORTION SOUTH OF ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. A) ISLANDS FORMED BY VEGETATION VELLOZIA SP ON EXTENSIVE LAJEADOS LOCATED IN THE CANGA CHAPADA, IN CATAS ALTAS MUNICIPALITY. B) RUPESTRE VEGETATION IN CANGAS LOCATED IN SERRA OF CAPANEMA, OURO PRETO; C) RUPESTRE VEGETATION LOCATED IN SERRA OF BRIGIDA, OURO PRETO; D) VEGETATION ASSOCIATED WITH LAGOAS DEVELOPED IN CANGAS, CATAS ALTAS; E) VEGETATION ARBOREAL LOCATED ALONG THE ESCARPMENT, STATE PARK SERRA DO ROLA-MOÇA, NOVA LIMA; F) ALTITUDE CAPÃO LOCATED IN SERRA DA MOEDA, IN MOEDA. ADAPTED FROM CARMO (2010).

Considering the geographical limits of restricted occurrence, at least 116 species inventoried in cangas of the iron quadrangle can be characterized as rare plants (sensu Giulietti et al., 2009), that is, there is restricted distribution at 1º latitude and 1º longitude, corresponding to an area of 10,000 km². Among these rare plants are the legumes Mimosa calodendron Mart. ex. Benth. and the Orchid Gomesa gracilis (Lindl.) M.W. Chase & N.H. Williams.

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IMAGE 43: RARE AND ENDEMIC PLANTS IN CANGAS OF THE IRON QUADRANGLE, PORTION SOUTH OF ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. A) MIMOSA CALODENDRON MART. EX BENTH. (FABACEAE); B) GOMESA GRACILIS (LINDL.) M. W. CHASE & N.H. WILLIANS (ORCHIDACEAE); C) SINNINGIA RUPICOLA (MART) WIEHLER (GESNERIACEAE).; D) OUTCROP OF CANGA, SERRA OF GANDARELA. PHOTOS: CARMO FLAVIO.

Because they are associated with the major deposits of iron ore, the ferruginous geo-systems are among the most endangered regions of the country. Environmental impacts resulting from the extraction of iron ore pose a high pollution potential. Deposits and, therefore, the main extraction pits often are located on the tops or slopes of the mountains that frame a hydrographic network. The ferruginous geo-system itself is an aquifer with high ability to recharge and store water. Thus, the potential for pollution throughout the system is quite high whenever changes of great magnitude occur in the higher parts of the relief (Casas et al., 2012; Jacobi et al., 2015). Currently, 100% of the ferruginous geo-systems are overlapping the distribution of mining titles.

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IMAGE 44: THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS TO FERRUGINOUS GEO-SYSTEMS RESULTING FROM EXTRACTION OF IRON ORE. ABOVE: OPEN COMPLEX IN ITATIAIUÇU, IRON QUADRANGLE. BELOW: STACK DEPOSITION OF STERILE MATERIAL, NOVA LIMA. PHOTOS: FLÁVIO DO CARMO.

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IMAGE 45: MINING TITLES LOCATED IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. ADAPTED FROM THE GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL DIGITAL ATLAS, 2015. HTTP://WWW.INSTITUTOPRISTINO.ORG.BR/ATLAS/ESPINHACO

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 4.6.2. Phase II RBSE - Proposed Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve Expansion

According to the Espinhaço Project (COMIG, 1997), the Espinhaço Range "represents a major landform that stretches from the vicinity of Belo Horizonte to the northern boundary of the State of Bahia with the Piauí State. The relief of the hill is a markedly rugged terrain with altitude generally exceeding 1,000 m, reaching a maximum of 2,002 m altitude in the Pico do Itambé, located about 30 km southeast of Diamantina. In Minas Gerais, the Espinhaço Range extends for about 550 km, with approximately N-S direction and variable width of up to 100 km. It presents remarkable narrowing to the North of Diamantina, following as discontinuous ranges and reduced width to the vicinity of Terra Branca, where it returns to the abrupt relief and considerable width. This thinning promotes the individualization of the mountain in two sectors: North and South, with distinct geologic features”. This is the geological base-morphological base that providing the "eco-support" to the biota of the hill, as conceived by Tansley (1935, quoted by Ab'Saber, 2003).

In spite of the importance in the conservation of the entire Espinhaço Range, recommended by the study of Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation, drafted by the Ministry of Environment and the Biodiversity Atlas of Minas Gerais, the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve was created in part of the Espinhaço Mountains due to the availability of information only in this area.

However, as pointed out in item 4.1, in 2005, after the RBSE creation, an assessment was performed on the performance of a set of protected areas in the region of the Serra do Espinhaço chain in relation to 648 conservation targets,. There were 607 species of wild fauna and flora, 41 different types of ecosystems, in addition to protection of water sources, such as environmental services critical to the population. One of the results was the indication of a set of priority areas for conservation in the entire Espinhaço Range.

In addition, after ten years of the creation of the RBSE, many studies were performed along the whole chain of the Espinhaço Range according to this assessment, which demonstrates the need for expanding the boundaries of the RBSE, as advocated by MAB/UNESCO Program.

In the northern sector of the Espinhaço Range in the State of Minas Gerais, in the locality known as “Vale do Peixe Bravo”, there are cangas areas with unique environmental attributes. This region is not located in Conservation Units or other protected areas. According to Carmo et al. (2015), "the Vale do Peixe Bravo brings a diversity of environmental and cultural attributes, objects of conservation and ecosystem services that elevate the importance of the region for the preservation of this geo-system (Casey et al., 2012)”.

Among the previously documented attributes are the ferruginous karst containing dozens of natural underground cavities; the palaeoburrows, representing the first record in iron rocks in Brazil; and the rare flora (Casas et al., 2011a; 2011b; Jacobi et al., 2015). There are also other relevant conservation objects formed by invertebrate troglomorphics and by an archaeological and historical potential tied to the speleological site, all with scientific knowledge gap for the region, in addition to the environmental services such as water recharge and storage.

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IMAGE 46: THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE AND THE VALE DO PEIXE BRAVO, PROPOSED AREA OF EXTENSION OF THE RBSE.

157

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The Vale do Peixe Bravo covers the municipalities of Grão Mogol, Fruta de Leite, Rio Pardo de Minas, Riacho dos Machados and Serranópolis de Minas. The ferruginous geo-systems of the Vale do Peixe Bravo are distributed mainly along 60 km towards South/North, on the eastern side of the Ridge. This location has catalogued 18 palaeoburrows excavated by extinct mega-fauna (Buchmann et al., 2015), representing a paleontological collection of global importance. The vegetation is still under study, but rare and endangered species have been found and some have not been described by science yet.

IMAGE 47: PALAEOBURROW LOCATED IN THE VALE DO PEIXE BRAVO, NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS AND THE POSSIBLE DIGGING ANIMALS. ADAPTED FROM CARMO ET AL., 2011; BUCHMANN ET AL. (2015).

According to Carmo et al. (2015), the region presents heterogeneity of vegetation and wealth of species, with rare and endangered elements. These characteristics largely relate to the proximity to the Cerrado, 158

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest. The Cerrado Vegetation predominates, including important patches of forest Savanna, these associated with the presence of micro-aggregates. The drains have riparian forests along the strands, which are replaced by seasonal semi-deciduous forest fragments – highlighting the presence of braúna (Melanoxylon brauna Schott), an endangered species in the vulnerable category (MMA, 2014) and seasonal deciduous forests. On the plateaus, there is a shrub vegetation shrubs known as "Carrasco" and characterized by being intensely ramified, interspersed by cacti (Pirani et al., 2003).

Some authors have characterized this as vegetation formations of Caatinga/Cerrado transition (Meguro et al., 1994; Harley, 1995).

The outcrop of cangas constitute strong environmental filters for species that occur in the vegetation, represented by the stressful conditions of ferruginous outcrops as very shallow soils, acidic and low in nutrients, high temperatures and low humidity (Jacobi et al. 2015). The cangas of Vale do Peixe Bravo have already identified four species mentioned in the catalogue of rare plants of Brazil (Giulietti et al., 2009): Encholirium reflexum Forzza & Wand. (Bromeliaceae); Arrojadoa Buining eriocaulis & Brederoo, Micranthocereus Buining Pilosocereus fulvilanatus and violaciflorus (Buining & Brederoo) Ritter (Cactaceae).

In the ferruginous outcrops, two predominate: ferruginous herbaceous vegetation-sub-bush, occurring in open areas, and the capons of wood-bush (Image 6). In open areas, there are three main types of communities: the epilithic vegetation; islands formed by clonal species (vegetative reproduction); and the species associated with soil stains accumulated in crevices or depressions of the substrate. Among the most frequent epilithic species is the endemic cactus of Minas Gerais - Discocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) K. Schum.

Several species of Vellozia and rare bromelia Encholirium reflexum represent some clonal species. Always ffafia (Marchioretto siqueiriana & Miotto) and Tibouchina associated with soil stains, there are subshrubs of P heteromalla (D. Don) Cogn. and the bromeliad of the genus Orthophytum, which has not been described by science yet.

IMAGE 48: LEFT: COVER AREAS LOCATED IN RIO PARDO DE MINAS. RIGHT: MORRO DO CAPIM IN THE FOREGROUND AN OUTCROPPING OF ITABIRITO, MUNICIPALITY OF RIACHO DOS MACHADOS. ADAPTED FROM CASEY ET AL. (2015).

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Foto: Miguel Andrade©

5. THE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION

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5. THE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION 5.1 1Briefly describe the prevailing trends over the past decade in each main sector of the economic base of the Biosphere Reserve

Since the creation of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in 2005, 168 (one hundred and sixty-eight) large companies signed a memorandum of understanding with the Government of the State of Minas Gerais in targeting their facilities and operations in the municipalities included in the territory of the reserve.

These are companies of various production chains, including: mining, steel, mechanical and capital goods, trade, clothing industry (leather, footwear, etc.), laboratory and hospital equipment, software and information technology, drinks, services, pulp and paper, electronics, chemical industry, aviation, biotechnology, renewable energy, furniture and wood artifacts, metallurgy, automotive and auto parts, cosmetics, packaging and plastics for construction, food, agribusiness, coffee, iron and steel industry and tourism.

These companies have already invested R$ 39,808,955,000.00 (thirty-nine billion, eight hundred and eight million, nine hundred and fifty-five thousand Brazilian Reais), and generated 43,517 (forty-three thousand, five hundred and seventeen) direct jobs in the region.

There will still be applied R$ 28,449,013,000.00 (twenty-eight billion, four hundred and forty-nine million and thirteen thousand Brazilian Reais) for these projects. The table below presents a detailing of these investments and the municipalities in which they will be performed.

TABLE 30: INVESTMENTS OF LARGE ENTERPRISES IN THE REGION OF RBSE.

STAGES

INVESTMENT (R$ thousand)

AMOUONT OF PROJECTS

Operation Started (OI) or Commitment Met (CC)

39.808.955

168

Forma Decision (DF) or Deployment Initiated (II)

28.449.013

51

Total

68.257.968

219

Source: Institute of Integrated Development of Minas Gerais – INDI (2015).

TABLE 31: PROJECTS STAGE OI OR CC BY RBSE MUNICIPALITY.

MUNICIPALITY BARÃO DE COCAIS

INVESTMENT (R$ thousand) 267.258

BELO HORIZONTE

1.605.731

BETIM

8.750.958

BOCAIÚVA BRUMADINHO CAETÉ

143.246 1.481.500 3.740

CONCEICAO DO MATO DENTRO

5.266.417

CONGONHAS

2.843.303

CONTAGEM CURVELO IBIRITÉ

987.888 17.537 8.570

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) IGARAPÉ

1.010

ITABIRA

3.414

ITABIRITO

288.627

ITATIAIUÇU

1.548.941

JABOTICATUBAS

3.210

JECEABA

5.000.000

LASSANCE

35.528

MARIANA

2.457.940

MARIO CAMPOS

4.681

NOVA LIMA

5.075.222

OURO BRANCO

1.200.000

SABARA

363.992

SANTA BARBARA

2.260.748

SANTA LUZIA

60.765

SAO GONÇALO DO RIO ABAIXO

79.537

SÃO JOAQUIM DE BICAS

34.550

SARZEDO

14.642 TOTAL

39.808.955

Source: Institute of Integrated Development of Minas Gerais – INDI (2015).

The chart below presents the distribution of these investments already in place and under operation, according to the productive chain they were assigned to.

25.000.000

1.045.836

478.883

6.200.000

175.420

20.784.720 358.510

656.643

1.708.643

159.315

493.418

101.471

204.576

481.081

5.000.000

375.300

10.000.000

78.340

15.000.000

6.508.799

20.000.000

0

Investments (R$ mil)

IMAGE 49: DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENTS BY THE PRODUCTION CHAIN. SOURCE: INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MINAS GERAIS – INDI.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

-

2005

2006

2007

2009

2010

2011

2012

1.141.197

2008

651.400

2.000.000

89.746

4.000.000

277.421

6.000.000

2.518.407

8.000.000

2.782.717

6.513.399

10.000.000

6.090.922

12.000.000

2013

302.669

Investments per year (R$ mil)

8.514.807

10.926.269

Although more than 50% of the investments are in the mining sector, we note a diversification of investments under development, which tends to represent an improvement to the economic development of the region.

The chart below illustrates the time course of these investments that went into operation from 2005 to 6/30/2015.

2014

2015

IMAGE 50: TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF INVESTMENTS BY THE PRODUCTION CHAIN. SOURCE: INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MINAS GERAIS – INDI.

In the cities of RBSE, most people are employed in the service sector, followed by the commerce and the industry.

163

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 4.500.000 4.000.000 3.500.000 3.000.000 2.500.000 2.000.000 1.500.000 1.000.000 500.000 0

Total

Industry

Construction

Commerce

Services

Agricultural

IMAGE 51 - TOTAL FORMAL JOBS PER ACTIVITY IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE. SOURCE: STATE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT/RAIS (2015).

An assessment by the State Department of Labor and Social Development aiming to identify the socioeconomic status of the mining population identified a large portion of the population resident in the RBSE area still needing the support of policies and social programs implemented by the Government. These included welfare-oriented guidance and training, market or promoting entrepreneurship to generate income and work from the alternatives and potential locations. In this way, the municipalities of RBSE identified 3,789,370 people in the Single Registry for Social Programs, 73,610 individual microentrepreneurs and 22,885 beneficiaries of the Family Allowance Program.

5.2 Describe the tourism industry in the Biosphere Reserve. Has tourism increased or decreased since nomination or the last periodic review?

-The tourism industry

As we can see in the following tables, the tourist activity has been showing growth rates over the past few years, becoming an important sector for the State of Minas Gerais. This growth occurs uniformly in all regions, and shows great potential and vitality.

The tourist activity, once well-structured and organized, has positive effects and multipliers in various other sectors of the economy, contributing to formalizing and strengthening of a whole chain of direct and indirect products and services.

In tables and graphs below, we notice that the number of formal establishments grew significantly in all regions of Minas Gerais, at rates exceeding 30%. This result implies bigger and better structure and organization, as well as greater capacity, networking and interconnections of routes that complement each other, such as the case of the Royal Road.

164

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Number of establishments in the tourism sector in Minas Gerais: 2006 a 2013

Planning Regions Belo Horizonte Sul de Minas Central Zona da Mata Triângulo Metropolitana de BH Rio Doce Centro-Oeste Norte Alto Paranaíba Jequitinhonha-Mucuri Noroeste Minas Gerais

2006 9.300 6.757 4.909 4.869 3.789 3.447 2.998 2.318 1.786 1.538 847 578 43.136

2007 9.605 7.043 5.152 5.051 3.945 3.608 3.105 2.437 1.841 1.573 896 601 44.857

2008 10.128 7.264 6.367 5.329 4.137 3.887 3.145 2.592 1.953 1.678 939 628 47.047

2009 10.362 6.621 5.674 5.586 4.323 4.080 3.239 2.745 2.061 1.762 963 690 49.106

2010 11.032 8.169 6.140 5.884 4.735 4.471 3.414 2.950 2.285 1.881 1.088 768 52.817

2011 11.407 8.475 6.517 6.202 5.106 4.917 3.598 3.141 2.498 1.995 1.164 868 55.888

2012 11.973 8.828 6.820 6.428 5.417 5.081 3.707 3.357 2.619 2.005 1.257 919 58.410

2013 12.146 9.317 7.145 6.763 5.638 5.579 3.935 3.559 2.761 2.146 1.348 991 61.328

IMAGE 52: FORMAL TOURISM IN MINAS GERAIS FROM 2006 TO 2013.

SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG› (2015).

IMAGE 53: AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE SECTOR OF TOURISM, 2006 TO 2013.

SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG›

Greater structure and organization are also reflected in more formal and informal jobs, creating an entire logistics products and services geared toward tourism in its various forms: religious, ecological, rural, adventure, events etc.

165

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Number of employees in the tourism sector in Minas Gerais: 2006 a 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Planning Regions Belo Horizonte 95.867 103.671 108.032 114.345 122.325 127.947 116.490 Metropolitan Region of BH 50.486 53.334 53.788 52.609 59.868 56.799 45.031 South of Minas 29.648 31.118 32.325 34.484 37.140 39.123 41.043 Central Region 28.303 31.066 32.339 32.334 37.474 37.582 38.693 Mineiro Triangle 26.524 27.586 29.117 29.581 33.023 34.644 36.697 Zona da Mata 26.629 27.265 28.898 30.205 31.388 32.795 34.761 Rio Doce 19.607 18.406 18.874 19.116 19.862 21.185 21.680 Midwest 11.908 12.838 13.635 13.689 14.061 15.035 15.925 North 9.029 9.534 9.885 10.518 11.967 12.693 13.469 Alto Paranaíba 7.328 7.717 8.426 8.431 8.917 9.390 9.816 Jequitinhonha-Mucuri 4.064 4.154 4.483 4.657 5.214 5.516 5.678 Northwest 2.908 3.119 3.956 3.500 3.782 4.230 4.335 Minas Gerais 306.846 326.960 343.304 354.648 377.762 400.008 395.386

2013 117.823 60.453 42.946 40.113 37.536 35.846 22.292 15.990 13.850 10.425 6.127 4.738 408.139

IMAGE 54: NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN THE TOURISM SECTOR IN MINAS GERAIS: 2006 TO 2013.

SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG›

12,0% 10,0% 8,0% 6,0% 4,0% 2,0%

9,8% 7,7%

6,4% 6,1%

5,4% 5,2% 5,1%

4,5% 4,3% 4,3% 4,2%

3,1%

1,9%

0,0%

IMAGE 55: AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES IN THE SECTOR OF TOURISM IN MINAS GERAIS, FROM 2006 TO 2013.

SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG›

With the labor market heated up, the workers’ income in this sector has also grown in recent years, in rates always higher than inflation indexes, which demonstrates the vitality of the sector as a generator of wealth, jobs and income to the regions of Minas Gerais.

166

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Monthly nominal average income of employees in the tourism sector in Minas Gerais: 2006 a 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Planning Regions Belo Horizonte 730,35 781,16 824,25 918,49 1.008,13 1.138,44 1.280,62 1.390,26 Metropolitan Region of BH 786,31 846,57 925,53 1.023,77 1.114,35 1.224,75 1.321,61 740,1 Mineiro Triangle 710,03 738,75 799,74 867,5 947,91 1.037,26 1.146,21 1.263,22 Alto Paranaíba 578,54 629,34 686,75 747,46 807,45 852,96 966,77 1.092,71 Rio Doce 545,53 585,41 639,79 719,76 798,66 834,66 935,23 1.013,53 Central Region 553,75 605,92 653,5 703,58 772,15 832,50 917,83 1.006,33 Zona da Mata 554,71 580,97 617,93 679,47 738,9 809,61 914,76 1.005,74 Northwest 545,85 574,54 738,26 675,25 741,63 802,48 915,77 1.001,02 centro-Oeste 535,52 577,37 622,56 685,67 758,54 811,01 914,66 997,71 South of Minas 546,09 575,45 620,2 680,67 746,89 820,10 915,61 996,62 North 519,68 549 597,08 656,04 703,75 743,28 837,09 914,58 Jequitinhonha-Mucuri 499,08 521,64 563,6 622,92 683,58 746,44 810,75 898,92 Minas Gerais 646,68 690,81 740,51 814,4 891,75 982,64 1.087,23 1.183,89 IMAGE 56: NOMINAL AVERAGE MONTHLY INCOME OF EMPLOYEES IN THE TOURISM SECTOR IN MINAS GERAIS: 2006 TO 2013.

SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG›

10,0% 9,5% 9,0% 8,5%

9,7%

9,5%

9,5%

9,3%

9,3% 9,0%

9,0%

8,9%

8,9%

8,8%

8,6%

8,6%

8,4%

8,0% 7,5%

IMAGE 57: AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF THE NUMBER OF NOMINAL INCOME OF WORKERS IN THE TOURISM SECTOR, 2006 TO 2013.

SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG›

The continuous increase of receptive capacity and the number of allocated professionals in this sector reflects the need to meet a growing and diversified demand, reflected in increasing income and the flow of tourists. According to the Minas Gerais Tourism Observatory, the flow indicators and Tourist Revenue in Minas Gerais from 2008 to 2014, showed an increase from 6 billion Brazilian Reais in 2008 to 17.1 Brazilian Reais in 2014. According to this observatory, the flow of tourists increased from 11.4 million in 2008 to 24.4 billion in 2014.

167

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) This diversification is noticeable when we look at the study on TOURIST DEMAND in Minas Gerais. The potential for the RBSE can be seen through the Research of Tourist Demand – Minas Gerais Report (2014), with routes and themes related to the territory of the Biosphere Reserve, with emphasis on the Gold Circuit, with 23.3% of interest by tourists and the Diamond Circuit with 31% of the interviewed public. We add the themes of Cultural Tourism at 44.7%, Ecotourism at 34% and Business Tourism at 10%. We also highlight the image of Minas Gerais for tourists, gastronomy with 33% of perception, the mountains with 12% and the characteristics of the people, at 13%.

It is not surprising, though, that the image of Minas Gerais is associated with its heritage and its gastronomic culture, its people, its mountains and waters – known and decanted in verse and prose. Culture and nature, therefore, represent assets to be better exploited in the perspective of sustainable development, respecting the local capacities and vocations.

- Policy for Regionalization of Tourism

The size and diversity of the Minas Gerais territory are such that the structuring and organization of tourism is one of the biggest challenges for the management and sustainable development of this activity. The structuring of tourism offer can be increased, if we consider its regional dimension with several municipalities integrating and complementing each other for provision of goods and services to tourists, adding value to the territories. With this principle as a reference, the Ministry of Tourism has created and has been implementing the Tourism Regionalization Program, by which municipalities are encouraged to perform joint works for structuring and promotion, in which every local peculiarity can be contemplated, valued and integrated into a broader market.

The Touristic Circuits are non-profitable, which characterize the Public Policy of Regionalization of Tourism of Minas Gerais, under development by the Government of the State of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region, where the Touristic Circuits earned their recognition with the publication of Decree Law n° 43,321/2003.

The Touristic Circuits are home to a number of cities of the same region, with economic, social and cultural affinities that are united to organize and develop the regional tourism activity in a sustainable way, consolidating a regional identity. The work of these entities occurs through the seamless integration of the municipalities, public managers, private sector and civil society, consolidating a regional identity and taking part in the development through alliances and partnerships.

Today, in accordance with Resolution 045/2014, Minas Gerais has 45 tourist circuits, plus the capital, Belo Horizonte, involving all regions of Minas Gerais and approximately 470 cities regionalized according to the map below.

Of the 45 existing certificated circuits in Minas Gerais State, eight are completely inside or intercept the RBSE. The table below identifies these tours.

168

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 32: TOURS IN RBSE.

TOURS IN RBSE No. Tourist Circuit 01 Serra do Cabral 02 Diamantes 03 Guimarães Rosa 04 Serra do Cipó 05 Ouro 06 Veredas do Paraopeba 07 BH 08 Villages and Farms of Minas

We also highlight, as an improved Tourism Regionalization Program, the definition of strategy for 65 Inducing Destinations for the Regional Tourism Development prioritized by the National Tourism Plan 20072010. The inducing destinations of regional tourism development are considered those with basic and tourism infrastructure and qualified attractions, characterized as a receiver and/or distributor of tourist flows.

The State of Minas Gerais, awarded with four municipalities, has adapted the proposal of the federal program and expanded the number of inducing destinations to 22. Thus, four municipalities are considered national inductors and 18 are considered state ones. Seven inducing destinations are included in the RBSE as tourism development on the map below, three of them national and four of them at the state level.

169

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 58: TOURIST DEVELOPMENT INDUCING DESTINATIONS IN RBSE.

170

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) We present below some data on the tourism economy in two of the main tourism destinations of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (Diamantina and Ouro Preto) and the evolution of this sector in the economy for the development of this region.

IMAGE 59: THE TOURISM ECONOMY IN DIAMANTINA. SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG›

171

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 60: THE TOURISM ECONOMY IN OURO PRETO. SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF THE MINAS GERAIS TOURISM/STATE DEPARTMENT FOR TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: ‹HTTP://WWW.MINASGERAIS.COM.BR/OBSERVATORIOTURISMOMG›

- Other projects underway within the RBSE

The Royal Road and the RBSE: Historical Paths and promoters of the development of Minas Gerais

Created in 1999 and connected to the FIEMG system, the Royal Road Institute (IER) aims to organize, promote and manage the tourist product Royal Road (ER).

172

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The Royal Road is an ancient path, opened over 300 years ago by the Portuguese Crown and, today, it is the biggest tourist route in the country. It is more than 1,630 km long, passing through Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. One of the strongest points of the Royal Road is its signaling through its marks.

There are altogether 1,926 marks in its main axis and, within the limits of the study area, there are various installed marks demarcating the tourist route.

In this way, the IER works the tourist route through four routes represented in figure below. The map below spatializes the four routes at the edge of RBSE. This way you can see all four routes in the Reserve, with the Diamante and Sabarabuçu fully within its limits and the Old and New Routes start in the RBSE and follow to the States of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. It is true to say that the Royal Road is closely related to the Serra do Espinhaço for it was the major axis inducing occupation officers for the State of Minas Gerais, especially at the time of opulence of gold and diamond mining in Brazil.

173

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 61: MAP OF THE PATHS OF THE ROYAL ROAD IN RBSE

174

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The Royal Road has 57 (fifty-seven) municipalities within the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, with several tourist attractions.

The IER discloses several packages marketed by various agencies, tour operators and receptions. There are 76 packages promoted by the IER on their website. Several regional touristic routes can be consulted at the link http://www.institutoestradareal.com.br/planeje-sua-viagem/passeios-sugeridos. Events, news and services related to the Royal Road can be found at the website http://www.institutoestradareal.com.br/.

-A highlight on the Royal Road: ROUTE BETWEEN MOUNTAIN RANGES: FROM PIEDADE TO CARAÇA

Since the beginning of 2012, SESI and the Royal Road Institute work at the destination "Between Mountains of Piedade to the Caraça" – formed by the municipalities of Caeté, Barão de Cocais, Santa Bárbara and Catas Altas, through the Living the Royal Road Program (VER). The initiative works for economic and social development in the region using its wealth: the exuberant nature, ancient cultures and traditions, gastronomy, hospitality, handicrafts and warm people and, especially, its vast history. Below we highlight the tourist attractions that are contained in the Route Between Mountain Ranges.

In CAETÉ: Shrine of our Lady of Piedade, comprising the chapel of. S. da Piedade, Church, cross, Pilgrims' House and restaurant. At the top, view of 360º. Array of N. S. the Bom Sucesso: first church built in masonry in Minas Gerais, a fine specimen of Baroque, with plant by Aleijadinho's father. It is next to other historical attractions of the city. Regional Museum: 18th Century Mansion, with a collection of folk art and religious pieces.

In BARÃO DE COCAIS: colonial village of Cocais, with diverse flora and fauna, and even waterfalls and trails. Archaeological site of the painted rock, located in the Serra da Conceição with cave paintings, show that the region was already inhabited by indigenous people long before its settlement.

SANTA BARBARA: Array of Santo Antonio, patron saint of bandeirantes (trail blazers), with paintings by Master Ataíde and lining of the main Chapel, considered a masterpiece of the Baroque. Afonso Pena Memorial: former residence of the first native from Minas Gerais to take on the Presidency of Brazil, the house displays the collection of this illustrious son of Santa Barbara. Church of Santo Amaro, in the District of Brumal: church built between 1728 and 1739, one of the most beautiful Baroque monuments of this phase. There you can also buy and taste the famous honey from Santa Barbara.

In CATAS ALTAS: Main Church of Our Lady of Conceição, it offers rare architectonic elements, with the unfinished interior you can learn the steps of construction. Stone aqueduct: a few kilometers from the historical downtown are the ruins of a large stone aqueduct built by slaves. Currently there are 100 meters of the original monument, built in 1792. The Caraça Natural Park and Sanctuary: Church in Gothic style of Brazil, with French stained glass windows donated by D. Pedro II; it also has a museum and library, built on the ruins of the old school. You can still view the Maned Wolf being fed by the priests.

The 2015 Work Plan for the Gold Circuit, which today manages the Route, indicates that the "Between Mountains: from Piedade to Caraça" is its flagship product and focus of work for performing actions aimed at its development. The main actions of the work plan focus on the development of this route. One of the targets defined in the Action Plan for the Route are: •

Deployment of the Gold Circuit Office in Catas Altas 175

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) •

Creation of a route map

•

Production of promotional brochures about the Route

•

Empowering people to act on the Route

•

Promoting the Route in events and spots of people flow

There is even a travel agency that operates in the region Between Mountains. The agency located in Barão de Cocais sells nine tours within the territory covered by the destination of Between Mountains.

IMAGE 62: ROUTES SOLD BY THE AGENCY BETWEEN MOUNTAINS SOURCE: BETWEEN MOUNTAINS RECEPTIVE TOURISM. AVAILABLE AT: <WWW.ENTRESERRASTURISMO.COM.BR>

- Minas Gerais State Department of Tourism

Created in 1999, the State Tourism Department (SETUR) aims to plan, coordinate and stimulate the actions of tourism, with its expansion, the improvement of the quality of life of the communities, the generation of employment and income and the release of the tourism potential of the State.

Since 2011, the SETUR has been working and investing actions in the field of religious tourism, for Brazil is the 3rd country to send tourists to the Camino de Santiago, only trailing Spain and France. According to a survey of Economic Research Institute Foundation (FIPE) in 2010, 8.1 million domestic voyages were motivated by Faith, representing 3.6% of all journeys made in Brazil. In Minas Gerais alone, according to the Ministry of Tourism, there were 3.94 million similar trips.

In 2014, the Sanctuary of the Serra da Piedade received approximately 300,000 visitors and the Sanctuary of the Serra do Caraça received 70,000. It means nearly 400,000 visitors motivated by faith that leave their homes to these destinations. These two destinations are within the territory of the RBSE and they are part of the aforementioned Route Between Mountains: from Piedade to Caraça.

176

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In this way, the SETUR/MG has been working in this territory for some years in two specific actions: the restoration of the Serra da Piedade Sanctuary as well as the implementation of the project CRER - Religious Path of the Royal Road. The restoration of the Serra da Piedade Sanctuary located in Caeté consisted of general restoration works, interventions of accessibility and deployment of bilingual tourist signs with educational boards, warnings, indicative and informative panels. The work took place through an agreement signed between the parties at a total value of approximately R$ 2,260,000.00.

The project CRER-Religious Path of the Royal Road is a tourist route totally based on the concept of the Camino de Santiago de Compostela, located in Spain. The CRER uses the Royal Road as its main axis, but with some adjustments. The path in the Serra da Piedade crosses the Sanctuary of the Caraça and heads for the National Shrine of Aparecida in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. The intention is to make this course a great tourism product for pilgrims who want to complete the major tourist route.

There were created a tour guide for the religious path, a passport in which the pilgrim may stamp in all municipalities or waypoints and a certificate for all the stamps in the Passport, reaching the end of the route, on both ends, one can get the certificate attesting he has concluded the path.

Certificate

Passport

Tour Guide

IMAGE 63: DESIGN OF THE PROJECT CRER. NTE: SETUR MG

It has also been implemented signaling through totem poles, with indications of the location, distances to the next targets, the mileage and altimetry profiles of the path as well as bike parking and warning labels.

177

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 64: PHOTOS OF INTERVENTIONS DEPLOYED BY THE CRER PROJECT SOURCE: SETUR MG

178

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 65: RELIGIOUS PATH OF THE ROYAL ROAD (CRER) AND RBSE (2015).

179

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) -The Solidary Tourism Program

Another interesting action in the RBSE is the Solidary Tourism Program, an initiative of the Government of Minas Gerais, designed by the Extraordinary State Department (SEDVAN) and its partners for performing the touristic ordering of locations boasting rich natural and cultural heritage, but low levels of human development.

Before this tourist potential of the regions of the Jequitinhonha Valley and Northern Minas Gerais and their rich heritage, the program acts as a promoter of sustainable development in the generation of employment and income for the communities. The proposal focuses on appreciation of their lifestyles, popular culture and the natural beauty of the communities. Sympathetic tourists participate in the daily life of the families that host them and have the opportunity to share some of their knowledge.

By enabling the exchange of knowledge and income generation to local populations, the program means the hope of a better life for hundreds of families benefited by the increased tourist flow and their solidary participation.

The idea is that the visitor brings in citizenship and takes back the experience of hospitable people who keep a plethora of richness in their territory. So, with this program, there is another action that supports the strengthening of the Logistics Function, especially the interaction of the tourists with the traditional knowledge of the RBSE.

Among the eight existing destinations, six of them are within the bounds of RBSE, excluding only Turmalina and Grão Mogol.

5.3 When applicable, describe other key sectors and uses such as agriculture, fishing, forestry. Have they increased or decreased since the nomination or the last periodic review?

-Agricultural development perspective for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve The territorial dimension of the RBSE makes it difficult to look at it with a single perspective on family agriculture development in the territory. In the same reserve, there are coexisting municipalities with opposite situations, such as the Capital of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, where the family agriculture and production perspective is almost insignificant. Notwithstanding it being the main center of marketing/consumption of the products of family farming, beautiful valleys and a municipality that has more than 20% of its GDP linked to agricultural production.

The RBSE has a total of 34,560 establishments of the family farming, 7.91% of the 436,980 farmer settlements of Minas Gerais. The number of farmers and population of the region varies greatly: i. Taking 180

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) into account the metropolitan region, the ratio is three times smaller (0.64%) than the state average (2.27%); ii. Excluding the metropolitan area, this ratio exceeds the state average, reaching 2.64%.

TABLE 33: NUMBER OF FAMILY AGRICULTURE ESTABLISHMENTS IN MINAS GERAIS AND IN RBSE.

POPULATION

ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE FAMILY AGRICULTURE

DAP

PRONAF

CAR

In The State

19273506

436980

401673

178697

200697

Biosphere Reserve

5366881

34560

25649

9644

9385

RBSE S/ Metropolitan

1133954

29916

23675

8903

7847

To evaluate the degree of development and organization of family agriculture in the region, we use the number of Proficiency Certification to PRONAF-DAP 8, the number of PRONAF and Rural Farmer Registry.

In this sense, it becomes more evident the dichotomy between the metropolitan region and the rest of the reserve. In the metropolitan region, located in the RBSE, the population is 4,232,927 inhabitants, almost 80% of the population of the territory and has only 1,974 DAs and 741 PRONAFs. The rest of the territory, despite representing 21.13% of the population reaches 86.56% of rural establishments and approximately 92% of all DAPs and PRONAFs. Compared with the rest of the state, the region has 18% less DAPs in relation to family agriculture establishments and 7% less PRONAFs in relation to the the DAPs. Despite this decrease whenever we focus only on the Espinhaรงo Range, which does not include the metropolitan region, the performance is worse than the rest of the State.

DAP/AF

PRONAF/DAP

CAR/DAP

STATE

91,92%

44,49%

49,97%

RBSE

74,22%

37,60%

27,16%

Source: Our Elaboration.

5.4. How do economic activities in the biosphere benefit local communities?

FINANCIAL COMPENSATION FOR EXPLOITATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES-CFEM

Minas Gerais is the most important mining State in the country. The State is responsible for approximately 53% of the Brazilian production of metallic minerals and 29% of ores in general. Mining activity is present in 49 municipalities among the 94 that comprise the RBSE, considering the collection of Financial Compensation for the Exploitation of Mineral Resources-CFEM in 2014.

Any person or entity authorized to extract mineral substances for purposes of economic exploitation must collect the CFEM. The CFEM is distributed to the states, Federal District, municipalities and the management bodies of the Government as consideration for the use of mineral resources in their respective territories. It 8DAP is used to identify and quantify the Rural Production Family Units and their organized associative ways in corporations. (file:///C:/Users/m1389816/Downloads/MANUAL_DO_AGENTE_EMISSOR_CORRE%C3%87%C3%95ES_16.01.2014_(1).pdf)

181

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) has the following distribution: 23% for the State, 65% for the municipalities and 12% for the Federal Government, the latter distributing as DNPM: 9.8%, MCT/FNDCT: 2.0% and IBAMA: 0.2% (source: DNPM, 2015).

The mining companies credit the CFEM automatically in specific accounts on the sixth business day following the payment. The resources originated from the CFEM are applied in projects that directly or indirectly accrue in favor of the local community, in the form of infrastructure, improvement of environmental quality, health and education. It cannot be used for payment of debts or the permanent staff of personnel of the Federal Government, States, Federal District and Municipalities. Among the ten largest municipalities collecting CFEM in MG in the year 2014, the first nine are within the reserve of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

TABLE 34: MUNICIPALITIES COLLECTING THE CFEM (SOURCE: DNPM, 2014). DNPM, 2014).

Largest CFEM Collectors in 2014

Posição

Collector (Municipality)

CFEM Collection (R$)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

NOVA LIMA MARIANA ITABIRA CONGONHAS SÃO GONÇALO DO RIO ABAIXO ITABIRITO BRUMADINHO OURO PRETO ITATIAIUÇU PARACATU

106,732,701.67 106,059,924.46 87,654,234.10 74,044,400.53 70,697,724.69 67,068,307.36 50,001,650.54 48,320,964.70 20,893,254.36 17,116,298.06

TABLE 35: TOTAL COLLECTION OF CEFEM BY RBSE MUNICIPALITIES FROM 2005 TO 2014.

YEAR 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

CFEM COLLECTION IN THE RBSE 179,323,857.09 212,283,784.87 391,607,641.96 410,400,605.87 277,206,484.01 475,800,931.08 715,997,107.62 892,668,999.42 1,110,986,986.74 704,005,162.88

182

0,00

2005

2006

2007

2008

2010

2011

2012

2013

704.005.162,88

475.800.931,08

277.206.484,01 2009

1.110.986.986,74

200.000.000,00

391.607.641,96

400.000.000,00

179.323.857,09

600.000.000,00

212.283.784,87

800.000.000,00

410.400.605,87

1.000.000.000,00

715.997.107,62

1.200.000.000,00

892.668.999,42

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

2014

IMAGE 66: EVOLUTIONARY CHART OF THE COLLECTION OF THE CEFEM IN THE RBSE MUNICIPALITIES FROM 2005 TO 2014 (SOURCE: DNPM, 2015).

In 2015, through the month of July, the total collection of municipalities of CFEM RBSE was R$ 290,381,269.82.

GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT-GDP

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the value of goods and services produced in a particular region in a given period. Below are tables and charts pertaining to GDP of municipalities in the RBSE, presented in thousands of current Brazilian Reais:

183

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 180.000.000 155.150.554

160.000.000

153.914.597 141.197.378

140.000.000 120.000.000 100.000.000 80.000.000

71.979.807

81.957.858

111.061.906 109.916.845 92.947.985

60.000.000 40.000.000 20.000.000 0

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

GDP IMAGE 67: GDP OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE PER YEAR. (SOURCE: IBGE, 2005 TO 2012).

We notice a significant increase in the overall average of the municipalities, as presented in the table below.

184

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TABLE 36: GDP OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE FROM 2005 TO 2012. (SOURCE: IBGE, 2005 TO 2012).

MUNICIPALITY

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Total

Acaiaca

13.754

15.198

16.332

20.013

21.485

23.736

26.045

27.639

164.202

Alvinópolis

90.164

97.693

105.611

122.513

131.893

152.256

161.284

168.502

1.029.914

Alvorada de Minas

12.358

13.397

15.139

19.950

21.007

25.531

31.111

42.807

181.300

Augusto de Lima

25.969

26.709

30.894

34.922

34.940

48.305

51.339

58.357

311.436

Baldim

37.853

41.537

54.822

63.052

68.141

67.482

68.199

82.500

483.585

Barão de Cocais

378.985

420.609

406.027

478.823

486.927

699.034

997.045

836.481

4.703.930

Barra Longa

24.628

26.466

30.571

35.418

37.650

41.162

43.244

49.179

288.318

Belo Horizonte

28.951.081

32.473.102

38.285.100

42.255.583

44.729.413

51.661.760

54.996.326

58.374.103

351.726.468

Belo Vale

31.099

31.791

35.469

44.554

47.132

54.930

102.747

93.018

440.740

Betim

14.656.667

18.807.187

21.522.757

25.281.114

24.974.495

28.297.360

28.085.221

28.100.845

189.725.643

Bocaiúva

253.571

288.984

296.208

347.907

336.696

410.370

436.991

477.439

2.848.166

Bom Jesus do Amparo

23.484

30.346

28.823

32.754

31.874

36.773

41.072

42.834

267.960

Brumadinho

595.868

589.925

597.608

834.524

753.339

1.419.553

2.051.528

1.803.067

8.645.413

Buenópolis

40.399

40.972

46.412

53.657

57.166

75.467

86.819

89.509

490.401

Caeté

170.354

181.825

196.926

235.210

238.000

291.204

382.569

406.587

2.102.673

Carmésia

9.224

9.668

10.913

12.708

13.071

14.728

16.796

18.191

105.297

Catas Altas

34.634

36.525

53.830

185.296

72.518

309.833

369.071

277.684

1.339.389

185

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1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Catas Altas da Noruega

8.718

10.104

11.830

14.252

14.736

16.196

18.460

18.629

112.923

Claro dos Poções

31.970

33.005

38.767

51.052

53.826

59.905

59.174

61.560

389.259

Coluna

26.014

27.811

32.112

37.335

39.879

44.893

48.152

54.369

310.564

Conceição do Mato Dentro

58.238

64.251

73.598

106.169

111.946

135.535

156.857

177.508

884.101

Congonhas

490.124

523.127

630.683

850.614

749.934

1.319.755

2.543.276

2.359.159

9.466.672

Congonhas do Norte

13.534

14.546

16.279

19.646

20.924

23.085

26.225

29.973

164.212

Conselheiro Lafaiete

618.245

674.403

741.901

852.039

899.065

1.054.078

1.183.880

1.336.281

7.359.891

Contagem

9.791.841

11.314.821

12.340.154

14.963.434

15.327.435

18.539.693

18.912.326

20.647.181

121.836.884

Corinto

112.040

114.665

123.566

143.617

148.683

192.123

216.210

251.884

1.302.787

Couto de Magalhães de Minas

18.212

15.809

17.128

19.594

21.423

25.031

28.059

31.823

177.078

Curvelo

418.317

452.620

501.888

621.295

667.947

767.201

854.549

908.374

5.192.191

Datas

13.386

15.369

17.531

23.278

26.563

27.322

30.336

38.249

192.034

Diamantina

189.476

213.837

237.488

275.893

290.980

355.586

396.754

447.951

2.407.964

Diogo de Vasconcelos

11.449

12.453

15.184

17.414

19.592

22.062

24.076

29.202

151.432

Dom Joaquim

14.396

15.416

18.052

21.435

23.289

27.616

30.076

33.232

183.513

Engenheiro Navarro

23.994

25.634

28.174

34.065

37.033

44.722

48.090

70.130

311.841

186

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Felício dos Santos

15.565

16.765

19.251

22.966

24.512

26.733

29.497

33.825

189.113

Ferros

44.960

49.204

56.204

61.623

59.058

72.266

73.533

88.506

505.354

Francisco Dumont

15.986

17.216

19.484

26.117

29.324

35.755

37.049

76.485

257.416

Gouveia

53.252

57.587

65.397

72.683

79.165

87.376

85.171

95.905

596.535

Ibirité

659.457

733.796

827.050

988.956

1.071.311

1.264.788

1.363.607

1.478.989

8.387.955

Igarapé

162.244

186.762

211.189

289.043

264.938

412.552

686.759

621.806

2.835.293

Itabira

2.583.844

2.433.656

2.428.783

3.396.958

2.553.097

7.039.688

4.791.751

4.051.693

29.279.470

Itabirito

783.587

756.202

793.981

1.068.610

998.143

1.778.126

2.367.801

2.162.796

10.709.245

Itamarandiba

97.305

105.519

146.384

166.766

180.083

235.476

265.479

308.466

1.505.478

Itambé do Mato Dentro

9.280

9.791

9.633

11.299

11.308

11.857

13.998

16.184

93.350

Itatiaiuçu

149.144

181.637

197.237

372.250

202.152

535.608

1.441.352

1.149.620

4.229.000

Itaverava

17.777

18.515

21.417

25.129

26.379

28.646

33.837

35.788

207.487

Jaboticatubas

65.849

75.429

78.019

90.531

95.105

108.530

122.265

134.638

770.366

Jeceaba

17.537

19.143

22.814

29.829

48.582

75.949

94.369

232.875

541.098

Jequitaí

31.679

30.856

35.476

64.009

44.983

48.923

52.355

57.952

366.233

Joaquim Felício

17.750

17.447

20.791

26.392

28.193

35.281

37.021

38.463

221.338

Lamim

11.150

12.090

13.683

15.864

16.851

19.677

21.524

23.220

134.058

Lassance

36.519

34.928

66.695

166.936

127.576

159.639

170.091

151.143

913.526

Mariana

1.093.317

1.314.748

1.256.138

1.593.759

1.635.179

2.808.215

5.443.576

4.001.950

19.146.882

187

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Mário Campos

49.853

52.443

54.488

71.460

76.320

85.153

92.605

107.696

590.017

Materlândia

15.770

16.678

19.360

22.441

23.768

26.627

29.247

34.424

188.314

Moeda

17.646

19.373

22.478

26.456

28.475

32.601

37.134

39.885

224.048

Monjolos

12.847

12.623

15.377

21.456

19.285

29.560

27.293

29.131

167.573

Morro do Pilar

11.784

12.674

14.122

17.153

17.543

20.156

23.967

31.178

148.577

Nova Lima

1.726.908

1.773.596

1.964.764

2.494.984

2.544.625

4.163.071

6.497.444

5.995.140

27.160.533

Nova União

27.363

29.736

32.641

35.212

37.896

47.484

48.286

48.911

307.528

Olhos-d'Água

18.173

19.590

22.382

36.565

36.225

55.423

53.130

119.989

361.477

Ouro Branco

1.576.614

1.489.124

1.675.243

2.527.936

1.599.330

2.193.210

2.280.312

2.250.618

15.592.386

Ouro Preto

1.743.341

1.697.658

1.678.865

3.182.142

1.904.712

5.478.637

5.111.139

4.342.925

25.139.418

Passabém

6.455

7.159

8.089

9.260

10.331

11.555

12.998

14.495

80.341

Piranga

48.143

52.712

59.122

72.946

76.143

89.283

98.638

106.468

603.454

Presidente Juscelino

21.193

19.930

24.140

30.742

33.526

37.839

40.074

40.849

248.292

Presidente Kubitschek

8.359

9.380

10.726

12.719

13.832

15.202

16.717

22.662

109.597

Queluzito

12.114

12.862

14.814

18.993

18.093

21.061

18.830

19.875

136.643

Raposos

41.221

45.392

60.138

56.266

64.341

73.718

84.098

110.028

535.202

Rio Acima

48.605

66.992

60.399

74.695

70.088

101.068

142.515

132.416

696.778

Rio Manso

23.064

23.493

25.993

31.384

37.361

42.694

45.273

49.335

278.596

Rio Piracicaba

131.409

142.752

127.295

207.544

178.651

363.763

575.423

413.661

2.140.498

Rio Vermelho

39.658

43.418

49.137

57.563

62.564

66.486

71.805

81.171

471.801

188

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Sabará

711.444

770.094

750.162

1.077.595

994.855

1.477.868

1.478.668

1.516.958

8.777.644

Sabinópolis

57.995

60.507

68.039

81.562

88.297

91.524

105.408

126.250

679.582

Santa Bárbara

177.370

199.615

191.002

214.271

217.821

291.113

371.120

516.272

2.178.584

Santa Luzia

1.182.801

1.280.779

1.449.466

1.704.758

1.786.861

2.099.191

2.133.716

2.393.255

14.030.826

Santa Maria de Itabira

46.733

51.575

55.177

65.388

71.893

87.819

93.627

101.245

573.456

Santana de Pirapama

39.095

38.535

45.951

57.309

64.342

73.181

69.555

67.346

455.315

Santana do Riacho

13.567

15.532

18.842

21.290

23.379

25.493

27.965

32.100

178.169

Santana dos Montes

11.811

13.278

16.474

18.420

19.372

21.842

23.898

23.356

148.452

Santo Antônio do Itambé

13.854

14.371

16.579

19.968

21.969

22.916

24.310

30.133

164.100

Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo

6.242

6.715

8.045

9.478

10.706

12.677

14.234

16.948

85.043

Santo Hipólito

23.459

22.931

24.084

37.752

29.811

56.842

51.124

42.293

288.295

São Brás do Suaçuí

61.227

70.869

85.357

89.557

70.192

76.344

92.767

106.250

652.563

São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo

149.750

230.580

431.113

847.547

493.138

1.415.972

2.798.420

2.273.382

8.639.902

São Gonçalo do Rio Preto

10.127

11.252

13.200

15.568

16.896

18.096

20.048

21.642

126.827

São Joaquim de Bicas

179.412

197.371

204.821

276.604

308.589

364.420

377.412

387.108

2.295.737

189

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

São Sebastião do Rio Preto

6.320

6.777

7.463

8.809

9.732

11.415

12.796

14.478

77.790

Sarzedo

118.118

135.712

187.382

220.277

234.762

331.113

505.978

552.389

2.285.732

Senador Modestino Gonçalves

16.743

17.735

21.197

25.995

25.118

30.874

31.997

31.489

201.148

Serra Azul de Minas

11.128

12.500

13.867

16.639

17.363

19.409

21.485

23.705

136.095

Serro

75.243

79.167

89.563

103.983

113.034

127.463

138.861

154.366

881.680

Taquaraçu de Minas

19.263

20.756

23.471

29.744

31.647

37.625

43.755

40.997

247.256

Várzea da Palma

478.891

500.174

512.576

610.996

488.945

567.985

621.152

603.919

4.384.636

TOTAL PER YEAR

71.979.807

81.957.858

92.947.985

111.061.906

109.916.845

141.197.378

153.914.597

155.150.554

918.126.929

TOTAL: 918.126.929 Among the 12 (twelve) first municipalities of Biosphere Reserve with the largest Gross Domestic Product presented in thousands of Brazilian Reais, only Ouro Branco has no mining activities.

190

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

1.419.553

1.477.868

GDP 2010 1.778.126

2.099.191

2.193.210

2.808.215

4.163.071

10.000.000

5.478.637

20.000.000

7.039.688

30.000.000

18.539.693

40.000.000

28.297.360

50.000.000

51.661.760

60.000.000

0

IMAGE 68: THE MINING MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE VERSUS THE GDP. SOURCE: IBGE (2010).

MUNICIPAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX – IDHM

The Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) is a measure of three dimensions of human development: longevity, education and income, which vary from 0 to 1. The closer to 1, the greater the human development is. This composite index combines 3 of the most important dimensions of human development: the opportunity of living a long and healthy life, access to knowledge and a living standard that ensures the basic needs, represented by health, education and income based on the Census Data of IBGE. These indicators have as reference life expectancy at birth, which shows the average number of years that people would live from birth, keeping the same mortality patterns observed in the reference year.

Indicators of education composition of the adult population and the school of young population flow measure the access to knowledge. The standard of living that is measured by municipal income per capita, i.e., the average income of each resident of a given municipality.

The following table and graph comparison with indexes of municipalities in the RBSE, for 2000 and 2010.

TABLE 37: IDHM IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE (SOURCE: ATLAS BRASIL, 2000 AND 2010).

Municipality

IDHM

IDHM

Barão de Cocais

0,613

0,722

(2000)

(2010)

Barra Longa

0,487

0,624

Acaiaca

0,518

0,63

Belo Horizonte

0,726

0,81

Alvinópolis

0,574

0,676

Belo Vale

0,56

0,655

Alvorada de Minas

0,434

0,572

Betim

0,612

0,749

Augusto de Lima

0,51

0,656

Bocaiúva

0,577

0,7

Baldim

0,592

0,671

Bom Jesus do Amparo

0,555

0,683

191

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Brumadinho

0,627

0,747

Jaboticatubas

0,524

0,681

Buenópolis

0,544

0,669

Jeceaba

0,534

0,661

Caeté

0,661

0,728

Jequitaí

0,515

0,643

Carmésia

0,521

0,65

Joaquim Felício

0,525

0,637

Catas Altas

0,592

0,684

Lamim

0,496

0,655

Catas Altas da Noruega

0,485

0,6

Lassance

0,497

0,629

Mariana

Claro dos Poções

0,537

0,67

0,62

0,742

Mário Campos

0,545

0,699

Coluna

0,461

0,583

Materlândia

0,461

0,597

Conceição do Mato Dentro

0,43

0,634

Moeda

0,525

0,638

Congonhas

0,637

0,753

Monjolos

0,551

0,65

Congonhas do Norte

0,451

0,568

Morro do Pilar

0,551

0,597

Conselheiro Lafaiete

0,666

0,761

Nova Lima

0,684

0,813

Contagem

0,651

0,756

Nova União

0,551

0,662

Corinto

0,595

0,68

Olhos D'Água

0,406

0,626

Couto de Magalhães de Minas

0,537

0,659

Ouro Branco

0,686

0,764

Ouro Preto

0,64

0,741

Curvelo

0,608

0,713

Passabém

0,491

0,642

Datas

0,501

0,616

Piranga

0,463

0,6

Diamantina

0,602

0,716

Presidente Juscelino

0,485

0,614

Diogo de Vasconcelos

0,463

0,601

Presidente Kubitschek

0,495

0,595

Dom Joaquim

0,472

0,622

Queluzito

0,549

0,682

Engenheiro Navarro

0,481

0,655

Raposos

0,635

0,73

Felício dos Santos

0,461

0,606

Rio Acima

0,552

0,673

Ferros

0,457

0,603

Rio Manso

0,501

0,648

Francisco Dumont

0,444

0,625

Rio Piracicaba

0,568

0,685

Gouveia

0,515

0,681

Rio Vermelho

0,439

0,558

Ibirité

0,562

0,704

Sabará

0,621

0,731

Igarapé

0,573

0,698

Sabinópolis

0,517

0,638

Itabira

0,649

0,756

Santa Bárbara

0,605

0,707

Itabirito

0,629

0,73

Santa Luzia

0,608

0,715

Itamarandiba

0,475

0,646

Santa Maria de Itabira

0,522

0,648

Itambé do Mato Dentro

0,441

0,634

Santana de Pirapama

0,472

0,628

Itatiaiuçu

0,528

0,677

Santana do Riacho

0,496

0,665

Itaverava

0,422

0,627

Santana dos Montes

0,474

0,647

192

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Santo Antônio do Itambé

0,392

0,558

Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo

0,537

0,669

Santo Hipólito

0,514

0,657

São Brás do Suaçuí

0,568

0,664

São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo

0,521

0,667

São Gonçalo do Rio Preto

0,537

0,64

São Joaquim de Bicas

0,532

0,662

São Sebastião do Rio Preto

0,524

0,632

Sarzedo

0,588

0,734

Senador Modestino Gonçalves

0,483

0,62

Serra Azul de Minas

0,438

0,557

Serro

0,493

0,656

Taquaraçu de Minas

0,515

0,651

Várzea da Palma

0,563

0,666

193

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 69: IDHM IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE (SOURCE: ATLAS BRASIL, 2000 AND 2010).

Among the 12 (twelve) first municipalities of Biosphere Reserve with the highest human development index, 11 (eleven) have mining activities in their territories: Nova Lima, Belo Horizonte, Itabira, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Contagem, Congonhas, Betim, Brumadinho, Mariana e Ouro Preto. We can see in the chart below.

0,82 0,8 0,78 0,76 0,74 0,72 0,7 0,68

IDHM IMAGE 70: IDHM OF MINING MUNICIPALITIES IN THE RBSE. SOURCE: ATLAS BRASIL (2010).

194

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 71: COMPARATIVE MAPS OF THE IDHM EVOLUTION IN 2000 AND 2010.

SOURCE: ATLAS BRASIL (2010).

MINAS GERAIS INDEX OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - MRIS The Minas Gerais Index of Social Responsibility (MRIS) expresses the level of development of each mining city, represented by data on education, health, public safety, employment and income, demographics, business, housing, infrastructure and environment, culture, recreation and sports (Joao Pinheiro Foundation, 2013).

The indicators of each theme are turned into indexes, with values between 0 (zero) to 1 (one). The closer to 1 (one), the greater the rate of development of the city (CONEI, [20-?]).

195

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) ECOLOGIC-ECONOMIC ZONING - ZEE-MG

An important instrument to evaluate the benefits that the productive sector brings to local communities is the ecological economic zoning of the State of Minas Gerais (ZEE-MG).

The ZEE-MG is the preparation of a diagnosis of geo-bio-physical means and social-economic-legal institutional, generating two main letters, the letters of Environmental Vulnerability and Social Potential, which will devise areas with specific characteristics, determining the ecologic-economic zoning of the State.

The ZEE-MG has the coordination of the State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development, participation of all State Departments, other entities and civil society.

The analysis of this item used the Letter of Social Capability.

Social Capability is the set of current conditions, measured by productive, natural, institutional and human potential that determines the starting point of a municipality or region to achieve sustainable development.

196

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 72: LETTER OF SOCIAL CAPABILITY IN THE RBSE AREA (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

197

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The table below presents information of the aforementioned Social Capability Letter, in areas (ha) and the proportion of these in relation to the total area of the RBSE.

TABLE 38: INFORMATION OF SOCIAL CAPABILITY IN THE RBSE AREA (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

Classification

Area (ha)

Percentage (%)

Favorable

209891,62

6,6

Very Favorable

970828,63

30,52

Very Precarious

715598,71

22,49

Unfavorable

216015,26

6,79

Precarious

1069062,63

33,6

198

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 73: MAP OF THE PRODUCTIVE COMPONENT IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

199

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The production component, for the purpose of ecologic-economic zoning of the State of Minas Gerais, was determined by two conditions: transportation infrastructure, composed of three indicators, and productive economic activities, composed of five indicators.

The table below presents information of the component productive in areas (ha) and the proportion of these in relation to the total area of the RBSE. TABLE 39: PRODUCTIVE COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

Classification

Area (ha)

Percentage (%)

Favorable

592929,16

18,64

Very Favorable

1056741,34

33,22

Very Precarious

326449,27

10,26

Unfavorable

334782,21

10,52

Precarious

870494,56

27,36

The natural component, for the purposes of the ecological economic zoning of the State of Minas Gerais was determined by four conditions: land use (two indicators), structure (two indicators), mineral resources (two indicators) and Ecologic ICMS (one indicator).

200

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 74: NATURAL COMPONENT IN THE RBSE AREA (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

201

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The table below presents information of the natural component in areas (ha) and the proportion of these in relation to the total area of the RBSE. TABLE 40: NATURAL COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

Classification

Area (ha)

Percentage (%)

Favorable

148463,78

4,67

Very Precarious

1860083,11

58,47

Unfavorable

457445,84

14,38

Precarious

715391,2

22,49

The institutional component on social potentiality of the ecologic-economic zoning of Minas Gerais State fulfills a fundamental role, because it represents the institutional capacity of the municipalities to meet the citizens in their demands, whether they are social, ecological, economic, political or cultural. The institutions for the purpose of social capability are formal organizations, public or private for public service in the areas of health, education, the environment, culture, leisure, safety and economics, among others. Such institutions are responsible for the proper functioning of society associated with growth, development and social equity.

202

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 75: INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

203

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The table below presents information of the institutional component map above in areas (ha) and the proportion of these in relation to the total area of the RBSE. TABLE 41: INSTITUTIONAL COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

Classification

Area (ha)

Percentage (%)

Favorable

623183,88

19,59

Very Favorable

1236754,67

38,87

Very Precarious

113796,34

3,58

Unfavorable

672111,49

21,13

Precarious

535551,06

16,83

The analysis of the human component, in the perspective of sustainable development and the degree of comprehensiveness, timeliness and consistency of the statistical data available was determined by three factors: economic occupation restrictions, with two indicators (rate of occupancy and vacancy rate); demographics, with two indicators (degree of urbanization and dependency ratio) and social conditions, with seven indicators (income, education, housing, health, sanitation, public safety and municipal human development index – IDH-M).

204

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 76: HUMAN COMPONENT IN THE RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

205

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The table below presents the human component data in areas (ha) and the proportion of these in relation to the total area of the RBSE. TABLE 42: HUMAN COMPONENT INFORMATION IN THE AREA OF RBSE (SOURCE: ZEE, 2015).

Classification

Area (ha)

Percentage (%)

Favorable

403813,1

12,69

Very Favorable

604990.2

19,02

Very Precarious

852997,11

26,81

Unfavorable

385968,42

12,13

Precarious

933628,07

29,35

5.5. How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied?

In the specific case of the mining, financial compensation for exploitation of mineral resources (CFEM) is one of the ways to assess the targeted financial resources, for the party performing the mining activity pays for it. It is also the base for calculating the net revenues obtained from the sale of the product, i.e., discounting the taxes similarly to the costs of transport and insurance.

The tax rates of the CEFEM are at 0.2% for precious stones, carbonated stained stones and noble metals; 1% for gold; 2% for iron, fertilizer, coal and other substances; 3% for aluminum, manganese ore, rock salt and potassium. Of the collected amount, 12% are sent to the Federal Government (distributed among the DNPM, IBAMA and the Ministry of Science and Technology); 23% returns to the State where the income was calculated; and 65% are sent the municipality in which the ore was extracted.

The wealth provided by ore exploitation turned the mining municipalities of Biosphere Reserve in champions of gross domestic product (GDP); they are the municipalities with the highest human development index (HDI). The influence of mining activity can also be measured by the Mining Social Responsibility Index (MRIS), which expresses the level of development of each mining city, represented by data on education, health, public safety, employment and income, demographics, business, housing, infrastructure and environment, culture, recreation and sports (Joao Pinheiro Foundation, 2013).

5.6. Community economic development initiatives. What programmes exist to promote comprehensive strategies for economic innovation, change, and adaptation within the Biosphere Reserve, and to what extent are they implemented?

LOCAL PRODUCTIVE ARRANGEMENTS - APLs An APL is the set of companies that participate in the same business in certain geographically defined region, operating in cooperation and generating collective competitiveness.

The program for support for the competitiveness of local productive arrangements (APL) of Minas Gerais is an important initiative so businesses can produce more and better.

206

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) The program was created through a partnership among the Government, the FIEMG system through IEL, Sebrae/MG and the Inter-American Development Bank, with the support of trade unions and associations involved.

The beneficiaries will be companies and producers located in selected productive arrangements that will participate in the activities provided for in the Plans for Improvement of Competitiveness (PMC).

A PMC is the plan that considers the current situation diagnosis of APL, the strategy for its development, in addition to the activities to be implemented in each APP along the lines supported by the Inter-American Development Bank.

The program finances actions that promote the gain of new markets and the adoption of sustainable production practices. The activities can be supported by the following lines: A) Training and business advisory; B) Marketing, market research and exports; C) Management and organization of APL; E) Logistics; F) Environment and social development; G) Technology and innovation.

For more information about the program http://www.fiemg.org.br/Default.aspx?tabid=11854.

and

APL,

please

visit

the

website

Among the public policies in support of the APLs in Minas Gerais, there are: (http://www.desenvolvimento.gov.br/conferencia-apl/modulos/arquivos/MarilenaChaves.pdf accessed August 26, 2015): • Incorporation of the APL theme in the PPAs for 2004-2007 and 2008-2011; • Industrial Export Extension project-PEIEx; • Commercial Promotion of Micro-Companies and Small and Medium-Sized Companies; • Market Research.

• Establishment of a Permanent Working Group for Local Productive Arrangements.

The APL selected by the Program for Support to Competitiveness and those existing in the territory of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve are the following:

1. Biotechnology in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte

The biotechnology APL of the RMBH performs in the segments of human health, animal health, environment and agribusiness and consists of 10 municipalities of the metropolitan area, including Belo Horizonte, the main city of this production arrangement. It is located in the central region of Minas Gerais and it is 739 km from Brasília, 445 km from Rio de Janeiro, 586 km from São Paulo and 524 km from Vitória.

The biotechnology APL of the RMBH relies on the presence of two technology-based incubators: Inova (UFMG) and Habitat (Biominas) and even with the construction of the Technology Park - BHTEC. 207

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) According to information of the RAIS (Annual List of Social Data), for 2008, the municipalities of the Biotechnology APL held 44.1% of establishments and 40.1% of existing jobs in Minas Gerais in these activities. In Minas Gerais, the total of these establishments was 270 with 10,535 jobs.

Currently, the area of Belo Horizonte and neighboring towns within a radius of 100 km is the largest concentration of companies, with 69% of the total in the State, most of them dedicated to human health (50% of companies in the State). The second largest concentration is the animal health segment, with 11% of the companies in the same region.

The municipalities covered by the APL are Belo Horizonte, Betim, Contagem, Lagoa Santa, Esmeraldas, Ribeirão das Neves, Sabará, Santa Luzia, São José da Lapa and Vespasiano.

2. Shoes and bags in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte

The APL for shoes and bags is in the central region of Minas Gerais and covers some municipalities of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, its main location.

The estimated production is about 17 million (13 million shoes and 4 million bags). The estimated revenue is of R$ 550 million with the shoes and R$ 230 million in bags. Companies disclose their brands through participation at major fairs and events such as the Francal and Couromoda held in the city of São Paulo and the Minas Trend Preview in Belo Horizonte, with the objective of seeking marketing opportunities for new national and international markets.

The municipalities covered by the APL are Belo Horizonte, Contagem, Betim, Ribeirão das Neves, Matozinhos, Sabará, Santa Luzia, Nova Lima and Itaúna.

5.7. Local business or other economic development initiatives. Are there specific “green” alternatives being undertaken to address sustainability issues? What relationships (if any) are there among these different activities?

One of the major challenges, not only in the territory of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, but worldwide, is to reconcile economic development with sustainability. However, several actions have been taken in the territory seeking sustainability in development.

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

The mission of the industrial sector is leading the process of sustainable development of industry in Minas Gerais, strengthening their competitiveness and seeking continuous improvement of the socioeconomic conditions of the State and the country. One of the ways to achieve sustainable development is the responsible management and integrated business, considering the economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects. According to the Industry Federation of Minas Gerais (FIEMG), this management model adopts the following practices: 1. Promotion of proactive business participation by the society and public institutions; 2. Contribution to good governance; 208

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 3. Promotion of continuous improvement regarding the efficient consumption of raw materials and inputs; 4. Promotion of sustainable energy and water consumption in all activities; 5. Strengthening of the solid waste policy regarding its use as raw material for other production processes while preserving the extraction of natural resources; 6. Collaboration with the effort for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG); 7. Stimulating the actions of respect to local knowledge and values and the preservation of cultural heritage and natural resources.

8. Valuation of labor contracts, products and services by promoting the improvement of the network quality of regional suppliers and strengthening inclusive business dynamics; 9. Guarantee quality of life, improve the standards of housing, food, health, sport, leisure, culture and communication and promote the improvement of working conditions; 10. Contribute effectively to ensure access to education, improve the standards of training and professional development, always with an emphasis on sustainability issues; 11. Establish communication channels and partnerships to encourage dialogue with the external public; 12. Encourage and strengthen brands linked to entrepreneurship.

13. Encourage research and develop new technologies with the goal of reducing or eliminating adverse impacts to the environment, climate stability, biodiversity and health.

14. Promote initiatives offering special best practices in management, process improvement and the continuous search for improving competitiveness, quality and sustainability.

The Industry Federation of Minas Gerais represents the industrial sector in the State and works to contribute effectively to the mining industry, seeking results that support their competitiveness.

This is possible through the services and products offered by the five companies composing it: the Industry Federation of Minas Gerais (FIEMG), the Industrial and Business Center of Minas Gerais (CIEMG), the Social Service for Industry (SESI), the National Service of Industrial Learning (SENAI) and the Euvaldo Lodi Institute (IEL). Together, these companies offer the mining industry strategies for industrial development.

The FIEMG, Member of the State Committee of RBSE has several programs that seek a balance between the economic, social and environmental dimensions for the creation of sustainable business, with emphasis on: 1.

Management of Water Resources

2.

Monas Gerais Network of Water Resources in Industry

The sector operates directly in the main Councils, Hydrographic Basins Committees belonging to the State and Federal Government, Technical Committees and Work Groups.

With the purpose of aligning the positioning and qualify representatives of the industrial sector in the State System for Water Resource Management â&#x20AC;&#x201C; (SEGRH), the network was created in 2013 and is coordinated

by FIEMG. It is composed of industries, mining companies, associations and unions and it aims at: 3. Solid waste management Two free programs are offered for the industries: 209

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) a) Waste Bag (SIBR) Via its home page on the Internet, it offers practical and free opportunity of real-time trading of various residues, adding value to them and avoiding disposal costs. b) Minas Gerais Program of Industrial Symbiosis (PMSI) Developed by the FIEMG in partnership with State Foundation of Environment (FEAM) and the Minas Gerais Center for Reference in Waste (CMRR), the Minas Gerais Program of Industrial Symbiosis (PMSI), which is the Brazilian version of the NISP British (National Industrial Symbiosis Programme). Its goal is to promote profitable interactions among companies of all industry sectors.

In practice, the program establishes business from the resources used in the production processes. That means that energy, water and materials from the industries can be reclaimed, reprocessed and reused by other companies.

The PMSI occurs mainly through workshops, where companies meet for a business round. Another form of participation is through direct contact with the FIEMG. 4. Environmental Legal: The business advisory of FIEMG seeks to promote the environmental credit of the industrial sector, strengthen industrial representation in powers and represent the interests of the industry in the creation and discussion of environmental standards.

MINERAL SECTOR

As one of the segments of the industry, the mineral sector contributes effectively to the protection of areas through the creation of private reserves of Natural Heritage, imposition of legal reserves, rehabilitation of degraded areas and payment of environmental and forestry measures, which are investments to benefit local communities and biodiversity protection.

Compensatory measures intend to offset the environmental impacts caused by the installation of companies.

In the Brazilian legal system, there are some required compensatory measures to deploy a company or activity framed in the respective standards.

Currently, the following compensatory measures can be applied for obtaining environmental licenses: Environmental Compensation of the Federal Law 9,985/2000; Compensatory Measure of Article 75 of the State Law 20,922/13; Compensatory Measure of Federal Law 11,428/2006; Compensatory Measure the Statute of Cities; Compensatory Measure for the suppression of Tabebuia chrysantha and Pequizeiro; and compensatory measure for suppression of endangered flora species.

All these investments bring direct benefits to the protected areas and the conservation and maintenance of green areas and, consequently, the quality of life of local communities.

Other relevant actions that have been performed by the mineral sector in the area of the Biosphere Reserve are: a) Provide investments for developing technologies improving the performance of water resources in the production process, increasing the rate of recirculation and reuse of water. : 90% for iron ore; 81% for gold; 95% coal; 70% kaolin; 100% in industrial quartz sand, limestone and dolomitic; 82% in nickel; 83% in phosphate and 83% in aluminum and derivatives (Trade Magazine "InTheMine, 2014");

210

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) b) Investments in stock and adoption of innovative techniques to demand less water consumption, such as disposal of waste in paste, use of thickeners, among other technological alternatives; c) Support for the implementation and maintenance of protected areas of Integral Protection Group with the allocation of at least 0.5% of the total expected costs for the implementation of the project considered of significant impact by the licensing environmental office; d) Areas for property regularization and deployment of Integral Protection Conservation Units and Sustainable Use at least corresponding to the same extent of the area with native vegetation suppressed by any endeavor of mineral exploitation, construction of roads, buildings, processing or storage, shipment and other purposes. e) Preservation and maintenance of river sources and permanent preservation areas located in their RPPNs and other Conservation Units belonging to companies; f) Institution and provision of fire brigades and transfer of resources for the preservation of springs and permanent preservation areas located within Conservation Units in public domain; g) Treatment of all effluents from the production process before discharging, in order to at least maintain the quality of the receiving water body, guaranteeing its continuity and contributing to maintaining or improving the quality and quantity of water; h) Replanting of mining areas to minimize the impact of the activity and contribute to better rainwater infiltration in the soil (recharge of aquifers), as well as minimizing the drag of particulate matter.

It is important to note that, despite the allocation of resources for environmental compensation in Conservation Units of RBSE, there has been no discussion on the environmental licensing processes in the territory through the State Committee of Reserves. This issue has been a subject of discussion, still with no result, for official projects licensors. This route would bring more effective, quick and cooperative results for the implementation of the Action Plan of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, favoring, along with other measures and investment planning for the territory, promoting actions of convergence, dialogue and conflict management through the principles and functions provided by UNESCO-MaB 9.

Another issue in relation to this theme is the interest of RBSE according to the GT International of Good Sustainable Practices in Mining created in the international seminar by the RBSE in Belo Horizonte in 2013.

It promotes a platform for dialogue and the territory based on a guide of good practices for the sector.

PUBLIC POWER

Since 2012, the State Environment Foundation (FEAM) has been developing the project "Reconversion of Territories", which aims to assess the existing territorial relations with mining, with particular interest in the sustainability of the activity and post-closure management activity, with a view to rehabilitation of degraded mining areas and their future use.

To achieve this goal, one of the actions of the FEAM is the survey of mining areas that are idle or abandoned, assessing the environmental situation of these areas and the measures that are being taken One example for this need to deliberate about environmental licenses at na RBSE and therefore environmental compensations was the creation, with no discussion along with the Biosphere Reserve State Committee, the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve Science Station, by ANGLO American, after environmental licensing in Conceição do Mato Dentro. That Science Station has been developing and marketing the name of RBSE with the risk of not being able to keep the guidelines from the RBSE Action Plan or from UNESCO – MaB, because this is linked to RBSE. ANGLO American did not present any definition along with the RBSE Management Committee.

9

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) by entrepreneurs aiming at proper management thereof, including the shutdown with a new post-mining use.

This project arose from the need to evaluate the effectiveness of legislation to closure of mines in the State of Minas Gerais, the DN N° 127/2008, evaluating whether the decision is being effective in the control and management of mines that interrupt or terminate their activities.

In 2013 and 2014, the FEAM initiated a pilot survey in the Iron Quadrangle region, territory of RBSE, since this region has great economic, geological, heritage and biological importance for the State of Minas Gerais. The survey was later extended to the rest of the State and the results will be published by the end of 2015.

In 2013 and 2014, the FEAM identified idle or abandoned mining areas in the Iron Quadrangle that have potential for environmental degradation and that are being managed by FEAM in conjunction with entrepreneurs.

No Quadrilátero Ferrífero, nos anos de 2013 e 2014, a FEAM identificou áreas de mineração paralisadas ou abandonadas que tem um potencial de degradação ambiental e que estão sendo gerenciadas pela FEAM em conjunto com os empreendedores.

TABLE 43: IDLE OR ABANDONED MINING AREAS WITH POTENTIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.

POINT

MUNICIPALITY

COORDINATES

1

Brumadinho

601839,00

7781464,00

2

Ibirité

597827

7779810

3

São Joaquim de Bicas

578436

7774850

4

João Monlevade

691788,00

7806264,00

5

João Monlevade

691170,00

7805853,00

6

Ouro Preto

657402

7743626

7

Ouro Preto

650095

7736774

8

Ouro Preto

636939

7742155

9

Ouro Preto

647202

7741337

10

Mariana

677333,48

7735644,74

11

Mariana

675636,37

7734707,69

12

Mariana

658540

7724498

13

Mariana

658790,56

7724649,35

14

Mariana

658274,33

7724782,98

15

Mariana

676939

7745351

16

Mariana

679770

7749216

17

Barão de Cocais

653900,78

7812235,98

18

Barão de Cocais

662383,58

7802189,47

19

Barão de Cocais

673550,25

7797134,95

20

Barão de Cocais

648515,07

7790994,64

21

Sabará

654682,21

7815100,82

212

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 22

Caeté

643050,57

7809488

23

Caeté

636931,37

7807848,23

24

Rio Acima

625802,65

7779179,07

25

Rio Acima

626718,76

7780658,33

26

Nova Lima

610504,45

7765127,35

27

Nova Lima

617531,32

7777888,68

28

Catas Altas

662561,21

7793411,06

29

Catas Altas

663049,18

7793051,78

30

Catas Altas

660877,2

7784735,11

31

Catas Altas

660993,47

7784545,5

32

Catas Altas

685611,47

7767220,49

33

Catas Altas

665554,92

7778397,51

RECYCLING INCENTIVE - ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Environmental preservation and conservation - Municipal payment for environmental services

This Program has been developed by FEAM, aiming to fulfill the Law 19,823/11, which provides for the granting of recycling incentive and Decree 45,975/12, defining detailed rules for the granting of the recycling incentive. The payment of financial incentive for the consideration of environmental services is a public policy of payment for environmental services (PSAU), with environmental objectives and socialproductive inclusion of scavengers. It aims to promote reduction, reuse and recycling of materials that would be disposed of inappropriately in landfills and dumps. It also contributes to the reduction of the costs of collection, transportation and disposal of MSW, saving energy and natural resources and optimizing the existing infrastructure by reducing the volume of waste – according to State policies and national guidelines for solid waste through the recovery of waste solids and socio-productive inclusion of recyclable material collectors.

The supported Association/Cooperative represents and strengthens the organizational and managerial capacity of the collectors of recyclable material. Final beneficiaries and executors of the work of collecting, sorting, pre-processing of the recyclable fraction of solid urban waste, collectors of recyclable materials are given the financial incentive granted to cooperatives and associations of collectors of environmental service providers, depending on the volume of waste collected and marketed by typology. It contributes to the reduction of the volume and the pressure on the environment caused by waste that would otherwise be disposed of inappropriately in landfills and dumps, according to State policy and national guidelines for solid waste. By providing the correct disposal of these residues, it favors the reintroduction of recyclable materials in production processes, reducing the use of natural resources and energy inputs, and promotes the economic inclusion of recyclable material collectors and the generation of employment and income in the economic sector of the waste recycling.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Goals

2016

2017

2018

2019

Physical (T)

48,000

56,000

66,000

80,000

There are incentives brought by Federal and State Governments that present payments for environmental services and benefits for companies with less polluting alternatives.

In Minas Gerais, the Green Bag Program aims to support the conservation of native vegetation in Minas Gerais, upon payment for environmental services to owners and squatters who preserve or recover the vegetation of native origin in their property or possessions. This program was created by State law 17,727/2008 and can be found at http://www.ief.mg.gov.br/bolsa-verde.

In Minas Gerais, we also highlight Normative Deliberation 176/2012. It encourages the installation of photovoltaic plants in an area where there is no need for massive forest suppression and/or intervention in permanent preservation area and/or intervention in the area of influence of natural underground cavities and/or that do not cause impact to endangered species of fauna or flora.

Finally, we highlight that both the Federal and State Forestry Legislations as prohibit the removal of vegetation on farms with abandoned areas, to encourage the owners to recover and use the areas in a proper way.

Marks of the Government of Minas Gerais: • Inclusion of the topic in the 2004 PPAG-2007 (Structuring Project); • Maintenance of the topic in the PPAG 2008-2011 (Structuring Project and Program for Consolidation of Productive Chains); • Law 16,296/2006 – Establishes the State policy of support for local productive arrangements; • Decree 44,972/2008 – Creation of the Group Manager to support the APLs-NG APLs of Minas Gerais; • NG Installation (Core Support Manager to the local productive arrangements of Minas Gerais) APLs. It is important to stress the integration of the Development Function with several actions, especially on Items 3 (Ecosystem Services), 4 (Conservation) and 6, Logistical Support.

5.8 Describe the main changes (if there are any) in terms of cultural values (religious, historical, political, social, ethnological) and others, if possible with distinction between material and intangible heritage.

Quilombola Communities The quilombola communities are groups of refugee slaves or descendants of black slaves whose ancestors fled the plantations of sugar cane, farms and smallholdings in the period of slavery, where they performed several menial jobs to form small villages called quilombos. In the territory of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, there were found the following quilombola communities:

214

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 44: QUILOMBOLA COMMUNITIES LOCATED IN RBSE.

Quilombola

Area (ha)

Municipality

Cabula

33086,55 Belo Horizonte

Boa Morte, Chacrinha dos Pretos

36474,20 Belo Vale

Sapê

64183,58 Brumadinho

Coqueiros

15330,52 Moeda

Lavras Novas, Chapada

124519,84 Ouro Preto

Barreiro Grande

68282,61 Santa Bárbara

Pinhões

23353,42 Santa Luzia

Barro Preto

50940,86 Santa Maria de Itabira

Serra das Araras

36490,29 São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo

Ausente, Baú, Capivari, Milho Verde

121757,50 Serro

Itapanhucanga, Candeias, Congonhas do Norte

167154,45 Conceição do Mato Dentro

Arturos

19463,05 Contagem

Quartel da Indaiá

386938,00 Diamantina

Mendonça

109072,99 Ferros

Espinho Mata de Ticão Serra do Cipó

87459,41 Gouveia 111225,81 Jaboticatubas 47675,42 Morro do Pilar

Source: Geodiversity of Brazil-CPRM 2006.

Indigenous Lands

Regarding indigenous lands, there is none within the perimeter of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve; however, the city of Carmesia is located in part of an Indigenous Biosphere Reserve called the Guarani Farm of Pataxó/Krenak ethnicity.

5.9 Community support facilities and services.

Which programs in the Biosphere Reserve comprehend issues such as professional preparation, training, health, social services and social justice issues? What are the relationships between them and the economic development of the community?

There are public and private institutions engaged in the training of professionals and with the schools in the area of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) SENAI

SENAI is one of the major poles for generation and dissemination of knowledge applied to the development of industry of Brazil and Minas Gerais. Created in 1942, by initiative of the business sector, SENAI is part of the National Industry Confederation (CNI) and the Industry Federation of the State of Minas Gerais (FIEMG).

With the support of several industrial areas, SENAI is responsible for professional training of human resources for industry, providing services such as technical and technological assistance to the productive sector, laboratory services, applied research and information technology. Thanks to the flexibility of its structure, it has become the largest professional education center in Latin America.

SENAI, through the development of its programs, projects and activities, provides appropriate care to the different needs of the industry and contributes to the strengthening, full and sustainable development of the country.

SENAI has several products, including: distance education, PRONATEC, technical courses, professional initiation, training, mobile school, basic vocational training.

All courses and products can be found at http://www7.fiemg.com.br/senai.

National Conference of Children and Youth for the Environment-CNIJMA - MEC and MMA Promotion.

The National Conference of Children and Youth for the Environment - CNIJMA is an instrument aimed at the strengthening of environmental citizenship in schools and communities from a critical, participative, democratic and transformative education. It is characterized as a dynamic process of meetings and dialogues to discuss proposed topics, resolve them collectively and choose representatives who will take the ideas to the next stages.

In 2013, there was the I State Conference of Children and Youth for the Environment as one of the stages of the process of the IV CNIJMA. One of the main goals of the CEIJMA was to strengthen the participation of youth in the implementation of the National Environmental Education Policy and encourage the solution of environmental problems.

Therefore, a pedagogical process strengthened the debate about the environmental issue in schools and communities by proposing the construction of knowledge. The possible solutions to the environmental problems are made collectively, respecting and valuing the opinions of young people. The students are the protagonists of this process, starting from the principles “the young educate the young”, “the young choose the young” and “a generation learns from the other”.

Number of Covered Schools: 410 state schools with Elementary School from 6th to 9th Grade.

Launch of the "Environmental Education Program of the State of Minas Gerais - A Collective construction."

To learn more and download the Program please access the link below. http://crv.educacao.mg.gov.br/sistema_crv/index.aspx?id_projeto=27&ID_OBJETO=114995&tipo=ob &cp=000000&cb=&ie=EA_EducacaoAmbiental

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 5.10 What indicators are in place to assess the effectiveness of activities aiming to foster sustainable development? What have these indicators shown?

ECOLOGICAL ICMS

The Ecological ICMS is a mechanism that enables municipalities to access financial resources the ICMS tax on circulation of goods and services from the definition, in State laws, environmental criteria for the allocation of part of the "share" that municipalities are entitled to receive as constitutional transfers.

In the State of Minas Gerais, the incentive was inserted in the dynamics of State distribution with a view to regulate part of twenty-five percent (25%) of the ICMS that belong to the municipalities, pursuant to item II, § 1, art. 158 of the Constitution of 1988. According to such a device, the 25% of ICMS that belong to the municipalities, three quarters (3/4) will be distributed by the value added tax, and the remainder, namely, ¼ according to the State Law. Value Added 75% of the 25% (18,75%) 19%

State 75%

State's discretion 25% of the 25% (6,25%) 6%

County 25%

IMAGE 77: DISTRIBUTION OF THE ECOLOGICAL ICMS.

In Minas Gerais, the law created for this purpose was No. 12,040/1995 (the so-called Robin Hood Law), which defined thirteen criteria for the distribution of the ICMS, allowing the municipalities more options for licensing and the consequent income of resources. The new criteria started considering population, physical and economic characteristics and others that depended on local management related to its ability to adhere to certain public policies defined by the State.

In this context, the ecological ICMS must be perceived as a mechanism for dissemination and encourage public policy defined by the State Environment Department, in order to guide the local entity in conducting its environmental preservation activities. Thus, the ecological ICMS was subdivided into actions focused on coverage of the population by the system of garbage disposal and sewage, and actions were directed to watch the Conservation Units, each of these actions receiving 0.5% of ICMS from municipalities.

217

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Conservation Unit Sub-criterion

In its calculation, the Conservation Unit sub-criterion takes into account the area Conservation Unit in relation to the area of the municipality, the quality factor and the conservation factor that depends on the management category of the CUs. During the state distribution of the ICMS, there were only two relevant changes for the environmental criterion, with the mandatory registry of the Conservation Units in 2005 and the approval of the quality factor related to the registered areas in the fourth quarter of 2006.

Since the implementation of the Ecological ICMS, the sub-criterion Conservation Unit had been calculated by the quality factor being equal to 1.0, regardless of the form of management and quality of the CU. Since 2006, the Quality Factor (FQ) varies from 0.1 (one tenth) to 1.0 (ten tenths) according to Normative Deliberation DN 86 of June 17, 2005. This Normative Decision defines that the score would be calculated through eleven parameters listed in Annex I of DN 86/05. Each evaluated parameter requires a document proving the information presented by the Manager or by the CU Leaders. The required supporting documents referred to data from the immediately preceding calendar year and must be sent to the State Forest Institute.

This change represented a gain that deserves attention in public policy of preservation of CUs, since it qualified the actions performed at each CU, valuing those managers who have developed good environmental practices and effectively deserve to receive a good score according to the normative requirements. This differentiation led to significant changes in the indexes of CUs for several municipalities, for example, for Pico do Itambé, in Santo Antônio do Itambé and the Serra do Cabral in Buenópolis, currently from 1.0 to 0.4, 0.6 respectively. The Serra do Caraça, Santa Barbara and Catas Altas, however maintained their scores unchanged.

5.11 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the success of development efforts in the entire Biosphere Reserve? Given the experiences and lessons learned in the past ten years, what new strategies or approaches will be most effective?

Positive factors • • • • • • • • • •

Opportunity of partnership with various sectors.

UNESCO support in the creation of the Mining GT. Organization of events for discussion of the issues.

Support of the scientific community with subsidies.

Methods of dialogue and cooperation.

Interest of the society in sustainability issues.

Social networks.

Environmental education programs.

Participation of society.

Social movements.

Negative factors • • • • • • • • •

Overlapping planning without connections.

New Brazilian forest code.

Resistance by some companies to debate.

Application of environmental compensation decisions.

Short-term view of people in power.

Unsustainable patterns of consumption.

Organizational culture in companies.

Corruption and lack of ethical commitments.

GDP as the sole indicator.

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Lack of funding sources.

In an economy based on mining (non-renewable resource), it is essential that public managers and the population have broad notion of such activity cycle, from prospecting through the operation and closing. In this sense, it is valid to create economic alternatives and new vocational training options in advance to overcome the period of economic decay that is inherent in this activity. Such alternatives are necessary, considering the depletion of mineral, commodity price fluctuations and reduction of pressure on natural resources. In addition, it is important to highlight the need for greater transparency in the application of royalties for better distribution of the benefits to the entire population and avoiding the overload of the public health, education, public safety and infrastructure.

219

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

6 THE LOGISTIC FUNCTION 220

Foto: Miguel Andrade©

6. THE LOGISTIC FUNCTION

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 6.1 Describe the main institutions conducting research or monitoring in the Biosphere Reserve, and their programmes.

The Biosphere Reserve is based on some strategic sectors for the development of research throughout the territory. The understanding is that all actors representing in State Committee of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve contribute actively with research and education in the territory.

In this context, we highlight some exemplary actions for the promotion of local strengthening in traditional communities, physical media and biological and agricultural research and in management of protected areas and water resources.

Below, we present the profile of the institutions and their productions that have guided the policies and support to the Managing Committee of the Biosphere Reserve.

TABLE 45: RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS THAT HAVE PUBLICATIONS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (20052015).

Research Institutions

Research areas – Publications

Abiótico

Biodiversity

Integrated Monitoring

Socioeconomics

Grand Total

Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

1

1

American Museum of Natural History

1

1

Bicho do Mato Instituto de Pesquisa

1

1

Biotrópicos: Instituto de Pesquisa em Vida Silvestre Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

3

Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais

1

Centro Mineiro de Alianças Intersetoriais

1

1

Centro Universitário UNA

1

1

Centro Universitário Vila Velha

1

3

1

1

Comissão Mineira de Folclore Conservação Internacional

1

CPRM - Serviço Geológico do Brasil

3

Embrapa

2

1

1

1

1

1

1 3

2

4

Faculdade De Estudos Administrativos De Minas Gerais Faculdade Kennedy

1

1

1

1

Faculdade Pedro Leopoldo

1

1

Faculdade Presidente Antonio Carlos de Congonhas Faculdades FAESA

1

1

1

1

Fundação Centro Tecnológico de Minas Gerais Fundação de Parques Municipais de Belo Horizonte Fundação do Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

1

1

1

1

Fundação Getúlio Vargas

1

1

Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

1

1

Fundação Pró-Natureza

1

1

Instituto Butantan

1

1

1

1

221

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade

2

Instituto de Biociências

1

Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente Instituto de Botánica Darwinion

1 1

1

Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo

11

11

Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro

10

10

Instituto do Carste

2 1

1 1

Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais

1

1

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo

2

1 1

1

1

1

2

Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra

1

1

1

3

1

Instituto Prístino

1

National University of La Plata

1

National University of the Northeast

1 1 1

5

Observatório Nacional

1

Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo, Herbário Municipal

3

Rhodes University

2

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

5 1

23

5

11

42

1

1

2

2

1

1 2

1

SEMAD-IEF e IGAM/MG

1 1

1

2

Smithsonian Institution

1

1

Stockholm Environment Institute

1

1

Technische Universität Clausthal

1

1

2

The New York Botanical Garden

1

1

Universidad Internacional de Andalucía

1

1

Universidade de Brasília

3

Universidade de Costa Rica Universidade de São Paulo

4

14

1 11

Universidade do Estado da Bahia Universidade do Estado De Minas Gerais

7 64

1 2

2

79

1 1

Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

1

Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos

1

Universidade Estadual de Campinas

4

1 1

2

1

1

4

5 1

16

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana

23

Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros

6

2

22 23

4

1

11

222

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Universidade Estadual de Roraima

1

Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Universidade Estadual Paulista

1 5

Universidade Federal da Bahia

25

3

3 1

1

Universidade Federal de Espirito Santo Universidade Federal de Goiás

1

20

Universidade Federal de Alfenas Universidade Federal de Brasília

1

1

2

1

2

1

1

2

2

Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora

1

13

14

Universidade Federal de Lavras

2

9

4

1

16

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

77

143

25

11

256

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

32

35

11

9

87

1

1

Universidade Federal de Pelotas Universidade Federal de Pernambuco

4

1

5

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

1

1

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria

3

1

4

Universidade Federal de São Carlos

1

1

2

1

Universidade Federal De São Paulo

3

10

Universidade Federal de Uberlândia

1

14

Universidade Federal de Viçosa

4

50

5

1

3

1

15

2

17

5

64

Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora

1

1

Universidade Federal do ABC

1

1

3

4

Universidade Federal do Paraná

4

4

Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

2

2

35

36

5

5

5

4

9

Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri

18

29

Universidade Federal Fluminense

1

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido

1

Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

1

1

Universidade Federtal de Juiz de Fora

3

1

Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Universität Frankfurt am Main, Germany

62 1

2

3

1

1

1

1

Universidade Fundação Mineira de Educação e Cultura Universidade São Marcos Universidade Vale do Rio Doce

12

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

University of Leipzig

1

1

University of Richmond

1

1

University of Stockholm

1

1

University of Würzburg

1

1

223

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Vale – Gerencia de Exploraçao Mineral de Ferrosos

2

2 TOTAL

960

6.2 Summarize the main themes of research and monitoring undertaken over the past ten years and the area(s) in which they were undertaken in order to address specific questions related to Biosphere Reserve management and for the implementation of the management plan

As a synthesis of the great potential and its actions oriented to the Action Plan of the RBSE, several studies were performed for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in the last ten years. It was possible to highlight relevant works for the management of the reserve, including publications on the description of new species, soil mapping and the geological history of the Espinhaço Range and other strategic issues.

In the chart below, we present the publications categorized according to the framework of UNESCO's variables.

Productions by research areas 2005 - 2015 1200 958

1000 800 604

600 400 200 0

205

Abiotic

Biodiversity

79

70

Integrated Monitoring

Socioeconomics

Total

IMAGE 78: PRODUCTIONS AND PUBLICATIONS PERFORMED IN THE RBSE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (2005-2015), DIVIDED ACCORDING TO THE VARIABLES ESTABLISHED BY UNESCO.

Approximately 960 high-quality publications (ANNEX VII) were produced for the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in the last decade 10. These studies provided an extensive scientific database, with important articles. They include the specific research with their reports through the National Action Plans for the conservation of endangered species or Speleological heritage (PANs). The work developed by the Biodiversitas Foundation, International Conservation Institute and Biotrópicos Institute, in addition to the recent publication of the Pristine Institute, which, together with other variables will guide the Phase II for Expansion of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, to be submitted to UNESCO in 2016.

It was used a meta analysis to produce this work – Research by keyword “Espinhaço” using Google Scholar per year of publication – 2005 a 2015.

10

224

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Publications by year - 2005 to 2015 180 160

160

Publications

140

124

120 96

100

89

80 60 40

117

83

74 60

58

58

40

20 0

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Year of Publication IMAGE 79: PRODUCTIONS AND PUBLICATIONS PERFORMED IN RBSE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (2005-2015), DIVIDED BY YEAR.

It is important to highlight the role of Conservation Units, incorporating the Core and Buffer Zones of the Biosphere Reserve as strategic spaces for the development of research and outreaching the communities in general, whether it is technical-academic or for tourists and residents of these areas. Therefore, we highlight item 4.4 of this Report that deals with the research developed in the Conservation Units.

6.3 Describe how traditional and local knowledge and knowledge from relating to management practices have been collected, synthesized and disseminated. Explain how such knowledge is being applied to new management practices, and how and if it has been integrated into training and educational programmes.

Traditional knowledge regarding the use of the fauna and flora in the territory of the RBSE is an important mechanism for the conservation of ecosystems. Note that, because of the high number of indigenous population residing in Brazil, the accumulated knowledge regarding management systems allows such communities to use resources causing the least possible impact, thus ensuring their continuation.

In this context, it should be noted the recommendation of the National System of Conservation Units (BRAZIL, 2000) established by Law No. 9,985, July 18, 2000. It presents the direct involvement of the populations residing near Conservation Units for the development of their management plans, including providing conditions, whenever applicable, for the strengthening of social and economic conditions and local empowerment.

Diegues (2001) points out the emergence of a new strand to the theory of conservation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the Etnoconservation. This line of thinking aims at the creation of new conservation strategies, which provide guidelines for biodiversity protection mechanisms combined with cultural diversity. The union of scientific thinking to traditional knowledge (developed by traditional populations) would emerge as a vital link towards a "new naturalism".

In the context of the RBSE, there have been performed works relating to Agro-ecology and etnosciences (etnobotany, etnozoology, etnogeomorfologia, etnocartography, ethnopharmacology) with the 225

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Conservation Units, as a way to incorporate local knowledge and traditional knowledge for improving the tools for environmental management in Conservation Units.

TABLE 46: WORKS DEALING WITH THE INCORPORATION OF TRADITIONAL AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT THE RBSE.

TITLE

CLASSIFICATION

INSTITUTION

YEAR

Traditional management in the Cerrado

Theoretical Test

Universidade Federal Fluminensse

2007

Subsidies for the Development of the Sustainable Management Plan of Medicinal Plants of APA Capitão Eduardo Farm, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais

Monograph (Degree Conclusion Worksheet)

Universidade Federal de Lavras

2010

Knowledge and Uses of Terrestrial Fauna

by Rural Residents of the Serra do Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Article

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

2012

Etnocartography and analysis of the Values of Traditional Communities of Artisans in Soapstone of the Iron Quadrangle Region – Minas Gerais

Dissertation

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

2014

6.4 Environmental/sustainability education.

There are no direct initiatives of UNESCO associated schools developing projects in the Biosphere Reserve.

However, research centers, departments of universities and the Conservation Units have the Espinhaço Range as priority action, even in their reference documents and institutional planning.

In this context, we highlight the following institutions (formal and non-formal education) that develop and/or developed work focused on environmental education and sustainability in the area of the Biosphere Reserve in the last 10 years (2005-2015):

226

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

TABLE 47: MAJOR INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROJECTS ON ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.

ACTIVE INSTITUTIONS City Department of Environment of Belo Horizonte Community Foundation of Superior Education of Itabira, MG Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Foundation of Belo Horizonte City Parks and Estácio de Sá College Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Foundation of Belo Horizonte City Parks and Federal University of Minas Gerais Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Foundation of Belo Horizonte City Parks and Catholic University Foundation of Belo Horizonte City Parks and Belo Horizonte University Center - UNI BH City Parks Foundation of Belo Horizonte and CEFET-MG City Department of Environment of Belo Horizonte Federal University of the Valleys of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri and Biotrópicos Institute Federal University of the Valleys of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Gerdau Germinar Minas Gerais Association for Environment Defense (AMDA) Anglo Gold Ashanti

PROGRAMS - PRODUCTIONS Green Room L - Extension Center for Environmental Education The role of environmental education in the tourists’ perception of the Private Reserve of Natural HeritageSanctuary of Caraça, Minas Gerais, on the Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger, 1815) (Carnivore, canidae) Environmental Education and Conservation through the Mammal Species of the RPPN of Caraça Sanctuary Pedagogical Political Project Green Room Caraça Gerais and the Caraça Sanctuary RPPN The influence of tourism on distribution of mammalian footprints in the Caraça Sanctuary RPPN, Minas Gerais

YEAR 2005 2006 2006 2006 2006 2007

Environmental education in the Mangabeiras Park Philosophical Educational project in the Caraça sanctuary and in the surrounding communities Mapping of urban climate units and heat islands in the municipality of Belo Horizonte - MG Environmental education directed at the rural community of Ibirité surrounding Rola Moça State Park Proposal of interpretative trail for the visually impaired in the Mangabeiras Park Urban Fauna: the perspective of basic school students about the importance of their conservative status Environmental education and the creation of an awareness game

2007 2008 2008 2009 2011 2011 2012

Employee program-waste management, energy and water Local knowledge and perception of nature as environmental education tool in neighboring communities to the Rio Preto State Park, Minas Gerais Perception and environmental education for conservation of water resources and biodiversity of aquatic ecosystem Environmental education program Jambreiro Project Environmental Education Center (CEA)-Nova Lima, Minas Gerais

227

2012 2014 1990-current 1997 – 2010 2000Current

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE State Department of Education, Federal University of Minas Gerais Green Ghaia Group (Oksigeno Institute) Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Project Manuelzão Goes to School Eco-training focusing on the valorization of regional biodiversity and environmental compensation of the Espinhaço Range Structural design of socio-environmental Extension network in metallurgical mining Regions: the APA South, its mosaic of Conservation Units and the surrounding communities

Federal University of the Valleys of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri and Biotrópicos Institute

Caravan of Sciences: Knowing the Biodiversity of jail do Espinhaço

Companhia Vale do Rio Doce

Center for research and conservation of biodiversity in the iron quadrangle-CeBio

Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais

Environmental education project for water resources of Parauninha: Riverside communities as Environmental Sustainability promoters Citizens in the State Park Serra do Intendente

Federal University of the Valleys of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri and Biotrópicos Institute Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Federal University of the Valleys of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri and Biotrópicos Institute Campinas State University Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais Federal University of the Valleys of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Federal University of Minas Gerais Biotrópicos Institute, Federal University of the Valleys of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri RPPN Mists of Espinhaço Range

Inclusion of local communities in the process of creation and implementation of Conservation Units Mosaic of high Espinhaço Range-Serra do Cabral Jequitinhonha Social Network for the promotion of Environmental and Cultural Heritage in the region of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, around the Parque Estadual da Serra do Intendente Environmental education in communities located in the vicinity of Conservation Units of the plateau of Diamantina, Minas Gerais Perspectives on the Cerrado: ecotourism as experience and knowledge of the environment Social Network for the promotion of Environmental and Cultural Heritage in the region of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, around the State Park of Serra do Intendente.

Description: project of environmental education and conservation of environmental and cultural heritage aimed at children, young people and adults in the community of Parauninha Environmental Legislation and tourism workshops to surrounding communities of Biribiri State Park Participatory monitoring of water quality in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte (MG): using benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators in teaching Environmental Education Center Green Room Diamantina Project RPPN Mists of Espinhaço- - preserving fragile ecosystems. Investment in heritage protection (fences, gates, radio communication), on awareness and orientation of visitors (signaling system/interpretation and educational folder) and erosion protection on the trail to the waterfall

228

2005 – 2014 2006-2010 2008 – 2009 2008 - 2009 2008present 2009 – 2010 2009 - 2010 2009-current 2010 – 2013 2011 - 2012 2011 - 2012

2011 - 2012 2013 - 2014 2013 - Atual 2014 - 2015

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 6.5 How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied?

The presented results demonstrate great strides on several fronts of research, whether they aim directly for support and orientation of the Action Plan of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve or for specific actions. It should be noted the expansion of the number of publications in a historical perspective, the formatting of cooperation plans and National Action Plans for the territory for the conservation of flora and fauna and even for orientation and public policies of the Espinhaço Range through the GeoEnvironmental Atlas of the Biosphere Reserve, among others.

We highlight: • National Action Plan for the Conservation of Endangered Reptiles and Amphibians in the Espinhaço Range - PAN Herpetofauna of the Espinhaço Range (Ordinance No. 24, of 17 FEBRUARY 2012 - ICMBio); • National Plan for National Conservation of Endangered Species in the Southern Espinhaço Range (National Center for Flora Conservation CNCFlor); • National Action Plan for Conservation of Eriocaulaceae in Brazil – PAN Sempre Vivas; • The National Action Plan – PAN for Conservation of Faveiro-de-Wilson (Ministry Ordinance N° 401 of November 11, 2009, and updated by Ordinance n° 43 of the Ministry of the Environment, January 31, 2014).

• Creation of research groups in universities and non-governmental institutions emphasizing projects in the territory of the Espinhaço Range (Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri (UFVJM). We highlight the Integrated Research Group of the Espinhaço - GIPE, Geoscience Institute of UFMG).

• Institutional arrangements for the development of projects and programs that consider the Espinhaço Range a priority space for planning and management.

• Publication of the International Conservation - Megadiversidade Magazine (ANNEX VIII), Volume 4 (276 pages, with 18 articles): Espinhaço Range: evaluation of scientific and conservation priorities (2008), which features, among other topics of high relevance, the Identification of Irreplaceable Areas for Conservation of the Espinhaço Range, in the States of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil.

• Prístino Institute: book Ferruginous Geo-Systems of Brazil (2015). This publication was the result of the collaboration of 54 renowned researchers representing domestic and international institutions, with emphasis on regions of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve. Creation of environmental data portal of the Biosphere Reserve with free availability of thematic information, through the Geo-Environmental Atlas of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve; • Biodiversitas Foundation: Adaptation of Irreplaceable Areas for Conservation of the Espinhaço Range (Conservation International, 2008) for the priority clipping of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve. From the study and publication of the Atlas of priority areas for conservation of biodiversity of Minas Gerais (2005), it was also important to establish the zoning of the RBSE. • Table Book – "Serra do Espinhaço" (2012), Empresa das Artes. Authors Miguel Ângelo Andrade and Sérgio Augusto Domingues. http://issuu.com/reservadabiosferadaserradoespinhaco/docs/livro_serra_do_espinhaco.

• Map of Environmental Conflicts – GESTA, Federal University of Minas Gerais (2007 to 2015).

229

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • The Publications of the Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve: -2011- de la Espinhaço Range-Sérgio Augusto de la Pena, Claudia Santiago Karez, Isabella Virginia Freire Biondini y Miguel Ângelo Andrade-COOPERACION PROGRAMME SURSUR/SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PROGRAMME-DOCUMENTS DE TRABAJO/WORKING PAPERS-No. 43. http://issuu.com/reservadabiosferadaserradoespinhaco/docs/instrumentos_econ__micos_de_ges ti__ -2012 - Publication payment for environmental services in the RBSE WORLD OF SCIENCE (Vol. 10, no. 1-January-March 2012)-"Putting a price on conservation"-the World of Science Vol. 10 No. 1.

• Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais: Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biological Sciences – Participation in Conservation Unit Councils in the Espinhaço Range; Active participation in the process of recognition and management of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve since 2005, the institution currently coordinates the State Committee of the Biosphere Reserve.

6.5.1 Describe the Biosphere Reserve’s main internal and external communication mechanisms/systems.

The mechanisms of internal and external communication of the Biosphere Reserve are:

Through meetings and representations: • Participation in councils of Conservation Units, Environmental Policy Council of Minas Gerais, mosaic of Conservation Units Council-Alto Jequitinhonha, Serra do Cabral.

• Promotion of four regular meetings of the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, as well as special meetings, with agendas set by at least 30 days of convening.

• Workshops for planning and monitoring the Action Plan of the Biosphere Reserve.

Through publications and Documentaries: • Folder: summary of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (2005).

• Table Book – "Espinhaço Range" (2012), Empresa das Artes. Authors Miguel Ângelo Andrade and Sérgio Augusto Domingues. http://issuu.com/reservadabiosferadaserradoespinhaco/docs/livro_serra_do_espinhaco.

• VT Espinhaço, 2005. VT aired on Brazil's largest broadcaster on prime time, which announced the recognition of RBSE by UNESCO. https://youtube.com/whatch?v=gaTxidEvvgM • 2011- Instrumentos económicos de gestión ambiental en la Reserva de Biosfera de la Serra do Espinhaço - Sérgio Augusto Domingues, Cláudia Santiago Karez, Isabella Virgínia Freire Biondini y Miguel Ângelo Andrade - PROGRAMA DE COOPERACION SUR-SUR / SOUTHSOUTH COOPERATION PROGRAMME - DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO / WORKING PAPERS No 43. (ANEXO IX).

230

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • 2012 – World of Science (Vol. 10, no. 1-January-March 2012)-"Putting a price on conservation"the World of Science Vol. 10 N° 1 (ANNEX X).

• Release of the documentary "Espinhaço", with the participation of the team of the Foundation France Libertés, with special attention to Madame Danielle Mitterrand and the production team of Yann Arthus-Bertrand-link to Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AC4FLMjpws (part 1); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJaSKa1l3pc (part 2).

• Launch of two editions of the book-documentary "PARAUNINHA: between mountains, waters, with people", in partnership with: the Parauninha Community Association (ASPA), socio-environmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha, Oi Futuro, PUC Minas, National Forest Institute of Minas Gerais (IEF-MG).

•

Digital Atlas of Espinhaço Range Geoenvironmental http://institutopristino.org.br/atlas/espinhaco/

Biosphere

Reserve

–

Through the organization of and participation in events: • Planning workshop of the Biosphere Reserve of the Amazon (2007).

• Shared Management Strategies workshop of territories – MMA – Brasília (2008).

• Participation with UNESCO at the World Congress of Biosphere Reserves in Madrid (2008).

• Participation of the Meeting in Paris, in February 2011.

• Organization of the International Seminar on Environmental and Ecosystem Services (2010) – Ouro Preto-Brazil (schedule Attached) in which they had, among other products OURO PRETO CHARTER (ATTACHED) and MOSAIC CIPÓ INTENDENTE. • Organization of the International Workshop on Mining and Social-Environmental Sustainability in Biosphere Reserve, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, in 2013.

• Participation in the RIO + 20, at the Pavilion of Waters.

The communication of actions undertaken in the RBSE also occurs through: • RBSE blog: http://rbse-unesco.blogspot.com.br.

• RBSE Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ReservaDaBiosferaDaSerraDoEspinhaco.

• RBSE E-mail: rbsemg@gmail.com • Portal of Social and Environmental Network of APA SOUTH RMBH: www.redeapasul.com.br (under maintenance).

• Parauninha's social and environmental Network Web site: www.parauninha.org.

6.5.2 Is there a Biosphere Reserve website? If so, provide the link.

•

Blog - http://rbse-unesco.blogspot.com.br/ 231

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) •

Geoenvironmental Atlas of the Biosphere http://institutopristino.org.br/atlas/espinhaco/

Reserve

Range

Espinhaço

Range

–

6.5.3 Is there an electronic newsletter? How often is it published? (provide the link, if applicable)

No, there is not. However, the Action Plan (2015-2016) expects the structuring of a quarterly newsletter.

6.5.4 Does the Biosphere Reserve belong to a social network (Facebook, Twitter, etc.)? Provide the contact.

Faceboock – https://pt-br.facebook.com/ReservaDaBiosferaDaSerraDoEspinhaco

6.5.5 Are there any other internal communication systems? If so, describe them.

The Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, through his State Managing Committee, communicates directly with institutions that make up this Committee and other institutions of interest via e-mail rbsemg@gmail.com with institutional routing of ordinary and extraordinary official letters.

There are also WhatsApp of working groups and the management team of the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

6.6 Describe how the Biosphere Reserve currently contributes to the World Network of Reserves and/or could do so in the future.

Biosphere

Since its recognition, the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve has been participating in forums, working groups and meetings with specific to UNESCO and Biosphere Reserves associated with the World Wide Web. We highlight the publications and participation in international and regional seminars, meetings within the framework of the MaB-UNESCO. Since its recognition in 2005, the RBSE Committee representatives attended seminars and meetings held in the framework of the MaB UNESCO program, the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves and with support by the IberoMaB, also contributing with publications in journals, proceedings and books.

- 2006 – Sustainable Development - Lecture on tourism Internacional Seminar: Biosphere reserves as a tool for a sustainable development in mountain areas.

Potencialities, conflicts and alternatives - 11 to 13 of September - Buenos Aires, organized by the Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Gabinete de Ministros de la República Argentina and UNESCO.

- 2007 – Integration Among Biosphere Reserves in Brazil – Technical Support 232

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 1st Seminar of the Central Amazon Biosphere Reserve – RBAC - Amazonas State - August 28 to 31.

Objectives: Promoting the understanding of the Biosphere Reserve in the global context; provide information about leveling the Biosphere Reserve of Central Amazon (RBAC) in the national context; promoting a better integration between the members of the State Council; reassessing the internal regulations of the CERBAC; defining RBAC integration in relation to projects and programs, such as the Project Ecological Corridors, World Natural Heritage sites, ARPA and others; designing an Action Plan for the CERBAC 2007-2009 and integrate the RBAC in regional development policies and projects of territorial organization of the State.

- 2008 – Madrid Action Plan.

3rd World Congress of Biosphere Reserves and 20th Session of the International Co-ordinating Council (ICC) of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme - Madrid, Spain, February 4-9.

- 2008 – Publication about exotic and invasive species Invasive alien species in the Biosphere reserves of Latin America and the Caribbean. A technical report to foster exchange of experiences among Biosphere reserves to promote effective management of invasions.

Unesco Montevideo. Editors: Elke Schüttler and Claudia Santiago Karez.

- 2008 - Meeting of the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves, Brasília – DF, July 31. Promotion: Ministry of Environment, through the Department of Biodiversity and Forests.

- 2008 - Participation in the Workshop on Management Tools for Shared Territory: Mosaic of Conservation Units, Ecological Corridors and Biosphere Reserves. Brasilia, DF.

- 2009 – Lecture - Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in the State of Minas Gerais.

International seminar of Latin American and Brazilian Biosphere Reserves: Successful Experiences in Conservation, Sustainable Development, Knowledge and Participatory Management”, held from December 11 to 14 in Fortaleza and Crateús, State of Ceará.

- 2009 - meeting with Miguel CLUSENER GODT at the Paris Headquarters of the Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences UNESCO-September 10.

- 2010 – International Seminar Organization-Declaration of Ouro Preto International seminar on Biosphere reserves (RBs), environmental services and sustainability indicators. April 14 to 17 in the town of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais – Brazil by RBSE Committee. Proposed event as a landmark of the activities of the Biodiversity International Year in 2010. Such a statement guided the development of environmental studies for the recognition of the Rupestrian Fields as Brazilian biome.

- 2010 – Declaration of Puerto Morelos, Mexico.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 1st Iberoamerican Conference of Biosphere reserves-9 to 13 November. Held in Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.

- 2011 - construction of the International WG on mining in Biosphere Reserves through participation, in Paris, Biosphere Reserves & Earth Resources Expert Meeting-UNESCO Headquarters, Room XIV Miollis, Paris, February 15, 2011.

- 2011 – Publication: Payment for environmental services in RBSE Instrumentos económicos de gestión ambiental en la Reserva de Biosfera de la Serra do Espinhaço - Sérgio Augusto Domingues, Cláudia Santiago Karez, Isabella Virgínia Freire Biondini y Miguel Ângelo Andrade PROGRAMA DE COOPERACION SUR-SUR / SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PROGRAMME DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO / WORKING PAPERS - No 43.

- 2012 – Publication payment for environmental services in RBSE World of Science (Vol. 10, No. 1 - January–March 2012) - "Putting a price on conservation" - A World of Science Vol 10 N°1.

- 2013 – Organization of international seminar - International Mining GT in RBs. International seminar on mining and social and environmental sustainability in Biosphere Reserves – March 18 to 20 - exchange and integration of mining practices related to the sustainable use, conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Biosphere Reserves, Event proposed as the United Nations International Year for Cooperation Through Water. Held in the city of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais-Brazil, by the RBSE Committee with support from the Regional Office of IberoMaB.

- 2014 – Project for the Organization of the proceedings of the international workshop on mining and social and environmental sustainability in Biosphere Reserves (in progress).

- 2015 – Production of the report of the FIRST PERIODICAL REVIEW of the Biosphere Reserve of Espinhaço Range (2005-2015).

Regarding future contribution with the support of Brazilian and international institutions, there will be more participation in decision-making forums and structuring of strategies for the full development of activities advocated by the MaB. It will also include specific demands, which we believe to be strategic, similarly to the Biodiversity Conservation Plans, traditional cultures, communication and education and Environmental Networks.

It is worth noting that, for the strengthening and international participation, the priority should be on the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves in Brazil in which the COBRAMAB, through the Ministry of Environment, should support directly initiatives aiming at Biosphere Reserve Action Plans, supporting them technically and financially, implementing and monitoring actions. We also add the gap of technical and financial support. The Government of the State of Minas Gerais must perform according to the Decree for Creation of the RBSE State Committee.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 6.6.1 Describe any collaboration with existing Biosphere Reserves at national, regional, and international levels, also within regional and bilateral agreements.

Within the national and regional framework, we highlight:

-2006-Sustainable Development-Lecture on tourism Seminario Internacional: Las Reservas de biosfera como herramienta para el desarrollo sustentable en áreas montañosas. Potencialidades, conflictos y alternativas - 11 al 13 de septiembre - Buenos Aires, organizado por la Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Jefatura de Gabinete de Ministros de la República Argentina y la UNESCO.

- 2007 - Integration Among Biosphere Reserves in Brazil – Technical Support 1st Seminar of the Central Amazon Biosphere Reserve – RBAC - Amazonas State - August 28 to 31.

Objectives: Promoting the understanding of the Biosphere Reserve in the global context; provide information about leveling the Biosphere Reserve of Central Amazon (RBAC) in the national context; promoting a better integration between the members of the State Council; reassessing the internal regulations of the CERBAC; defining RBAC integration in relation to projects and programs, such as the Project Ecological Corridors, World Natural Heritage sites, ARPA and others; designing an Action Plan for the CERBAC 2007-2009 and integrate the RBAC in regional development policies and projects of territorial organization of the State.

-2008-Meeting of the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves, held in the RBES – Minas Gerais Congress of Biodiversity, on April 22, 2008 in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais.

-2008-Meeting of the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves, Brasília – DF, July 31. Promotion: Ministry of Environment, through the Department of Biodiversity and Forests.

-2008-Participation in the Workshop on Management Tools for Shared Territory: Mosaic of Conservation Units, Ecological Corridors and Biosphere Reserves. Brasilia, DF.

-2015- Production of the report of the FIRST PERIODICAL REVIEW of the Biosphere Reserve of Espinhaço Range (2005-2015).

Within the international framework, we highlight:

- 2008 - Madrid Action Plan.

3rd World Congress of Biosphere Reserves and 20th Session of the International Coordinating Council (ICC) of the Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme-Madrid, Spain, February 4-9.

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- 2008 – Publication about exotic and invasive species Invasive alien species in the Biosphere reserves of Latin America and the Caribbean. UN technical report to foster exchange of experiences among Biosphere reserves to promote effective management of invasions. Unesco Montevideo. Editors: Elke Schüttler and Claudia Santiago Karez.

-2009- Lecture - Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions in the State of Minas Gerais.

International seminar of Latin American and Brazilian Biosphere Reserves: Successful Experiences in Conservation, Sustainable Development, Knowledge and Participatory Management”, held from December 11 to 14 in Fortaleza and Crateús, State of Ceará.

-2009-meeting with Miguel CLUSENER GODT at the Paris Headquarters of the Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences UNESCO-September 10.

-2010-International Seminar Organization-Declaration of Ouro Preto International seminar on Biosphere reserves (RBs), environmental services and sustainability indicators. April 14 to 17 in the town of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais – Brazil by RBSE Committee. Proposed event as a landmark of the activities of the Biodiversity International Year in 2010. Such a statement guided the development of environmental studies for the recognition of the Rupestrian Fields as Brazilian biome.

-2010-Declaration of Puerto Morelos, Mexico.

1st Iberoamerican Conference of Biosphere reserves-9 to 13 November. Held in Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, Mexico.

-2011-construction of the International WG on mining in Biosphere Reserves through participation, in Paris, Biosphere Reserves & Earth Resources Expert Meeting-UNESCO Headquarters, Room XIV Miollis, Paris, February 15, 2011.

-2011 – Publication: Payment for environmental services in RBSE Instrumentos económicos de gestión ambiental en la Reserva de Biosfera de la Serra do Espinhaço - Sérgio Augusto Domingues, Cláudia Santiago Karez, Isabella Virgínia Freire Biondini y Miguel Ângelo Andrade PROGRAMA DE COOPERACION SUR-SUR / SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION PROGRAMME DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO / WORKING PAPERS - No 43.

Web address/ISSUU: http://issuu.com/reservadabiosferadaserradoespinhaco/docs/instrumentos_econ__micos_de_gesti__

-2012-Publication payment for environmental services in RBSE World of Science (Vol. 10, no. 1-January-March 2012)-"Putting a price on conservation"-the World of Science Vol. 10 N° 1.

Web address: 236

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) http://issuu.com/reservadabiosferadaserradoespinhaco/docs/revista_world_of_science__rb_espinh -2013 – Organization of international seminar - International Mining GT in RBs. International seminar on mining and social and environmental sustainability in Biosphere Reserves – March 18 to 20 - exchange and integration of mining practices related to the sustainable use, conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Biosphere Reserves, Event proposed as the United Nations International Year for Cooperation Through Water. Held in the city of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais-Brazil, by the RBSE Committee with support from the Regional Office of IberoMaB.

-2014 – Project for the Organization of the proceedings of the international workshop on mining and social and environmental sustainability in Biosphere Reserves (in progress).

There are no bilateral agreements in the field of the Biosphere Reserve of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

6.6.2 What are the current and expected benefits of international cooperation for the Biosphere Reserve?

The Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, for having a territory of international scale attributes such as mining, water and Rock Fields, these are priority themes for formatting international cooperation.

The issue of mining and the institutionalization of the international GT of best practices in mining in the territories of Biosphere Reserves for the publication of a guide of good practices, as proposed by the ICMM (International Council of Mines and Metals), in conjunction with other international reference documents, the biodiversity conservation vision, culture and climate improvement above all. In our view, such document must align with the premises of the MaB-UNESCO. The issue of Rupestrian Fields must take as a reference global-scale environments with high degrees of endemism and species richness, with low resilience. According to the example of Fynbos, in South Africa, one must consider the Rupestrian Fields as one of the World Centers of endemism. To do so, one must recognize the Rupestrian Fields as a Brazilian Biome, which implies a debate among the Federal Government, State sectors (because there is an occurrence in more than one State) and certainly other strategic sectors. It is a distributed environment in mining sites, urban growth and that suffers from forest fires in the highlands of the Biosphere Reserve. For this purpose, the international support is essential, considering including the importance that this environment represents in relation to the areas of endemics, endangered species and as unique and threatened areas on the planet.

Another big issue is the water. The Espinhaço Range, being a large-scale provider of this strategic resource, holds a number of watersheds in its territory whose strategic asset, the water can ensure the conservation and development on a national scale. On the other hand, the threats to this potential lie in the trend to scarcity and water stress, determined by several factors. So, we reinforce the interest of the Managing Committee on official participation at the World Water Forum.

Another key issue with cooperation is the exchange of good practices in the management of Biosphere Reserves, offered through the dialogs provided by worldwide network of Biosphere Reserve. It seeks greater participation of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve in these international forums, as we have participated in these opportunities for training and exchange, even with the logistical and financial constraints.

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ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 6.6.3 How do you intend to contribute to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the future and to the Regional and Thematic Networks?

The Biosphere Reserve aims to contribute to the exchange with other Biosphere Reserves and provide the results cooperatively. In addition, we have the availability to participate in several thematic forums, with emphasis on the following topics:

-Conservation Units and shared management plans for territories; -Endangered, rare and invasive species; -World Endemic Centers; -Mining and International Cooperative Working Group on best practices in mining and Biosphere Reserves; -Ecosystem Services; -Joint Publications; -Themes on Mountain and Biosphere Reserves; -Climate Change; -Promotion of education and research on Biosphere Reserves; -Economic Development Programs and local productive arrangements; -Environmental Networking for empowerment and participatory management; -Tangible and Intangible Heritage; -Creative economy; -Traditional Communities; -World Water Forum.

6.7 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the success of activities contributing to the logistic support function?

The potentiality of aspects related to conservation, academic and traditional knowledge and development existing in the RBSE require effective strategies for scaling, investigation, monitoring and assessment of initiatives in the territory.

For this purpose, its Managing Committee, by means of extensive institutional capillarity sought to gain partners and organizations that contributed directly to the planning and management of the RBSE. In this respect, we highlight the involvement of 28 institutions (related to public and private sectors and civil society) in the State Committee and other partners and stakeholders.

By institutional involvement in the RBSE, the last decade brought about a breakthrough in publications, research projects and University extension, academic works that deal with the Espinhaço Range as guiding axis for the proposed actions.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In order to organize and systematize the diversity of existing initiatives in the RBSE, we highlight the priority initiatives of its Action Plan: -Constant updating of a complete and detailed database, with georeferenced data, made available to society in general, as shown in this Periodic Review; -Creation of a Portal as a tool for information and communication center of RBSE; -Creation and refinement of existing communication strategies, such as blogs, social networks, forums; In the academic-scientific framework, it is important to note, in a historical perspective, initiatives, strategic and core research stations seeking to investigate and disseminate knowledge related to the RBSE:

2008: Formation of the CNPq research group "Biology of Vascular Plants of the Espinhaço Range" – Biology Department of the Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri The group is formed by researchers with expertise in the study of plants from the Espinhaço Range. The group research focus mainly on studies of taxonomy and systematics, morphology and anatomy, ecology and biology, therefore, the impact of the research results is published in scientific publications, conferences, magazines, among others, aiming to extend the knowledge about the flora of the region under different aspects.

2008: Formation of the CNPq research group "Ecology and Diversity of Animals in the Espinhaço Range" Biology Department of the Federal University of the Valleys of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri 2010: formation of the integration Center for environmental sustainability-Biology Department at PUC Minas

IMAGE 80: LOGO OF THE INTEGRATION CENTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT AT PUC MINAS

Current central office of the RBSE located in the campus Eucharistic Heart of the PUC Minas, in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, the CISAL is a space that aims at structuring and integrating actions and enhancing results for the society, with a focus on sustainability.

The CISAL develops effective and coordinated actions of teaching, research and extension that can contribute to the mitigation, monitoring and control for solutions of environmental problems with the promotion of sustainability, according to the World Conference of Superior Education for national and international reference documents, such as the Plan of Madrid and Sevilla Strategies for Biosphere Reserves.

2010: Formation of the Integrated Research Group of the Espinhaço Range -GIPE (member of the RBSE State Committee) – Institute of Geosciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais

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FIGURA 81: LOGO OF THE INTEGRATED GROUP OF RESEARCH OF THE ESPINHAÇO (GIPE)-IGC-UFMG

Research group associated with the Instituto de Geosciences of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, led by professors Bernard Machado Gontijo and Marcelo Fagundes.

The guiding theme for GIPE is the integrated study of the landscape at the Espinhaço Range, with emphasis on existing interfaces between the Conservation Units and the production of space. The area and research focus is in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (RBSE) UNESCO 2005, that is, much of the portion of the Minas Gerais Espinhaço Range (from the region of Diamantina to Serra do Cipó) and the Iron Quadrangle, dealing primarily with the following issues: • Conservation Units: Spatialized Environmental Transformations • Study and dynamics of landscape(s) in the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve • GIS of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve as a support for the study of landscape and Conservation Units • Social and environmental knowledge: epistemology, instances and dissemination

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 2012: Launch of an interdisciplinary biannual journal of the Espinhaço Range

IMAGE 82: EDITION I - 2015 OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE JOURNAL.

Published semi-annually, the magazine was launched in the second half of 2012 and is open to receive original scientific articles, translations of articles, book reviews and interviews in the areas of geography and Earth Sciences. The Espinhaço Range has an interdisciplinary character and receives contributions by professionals from all areas of knowledge.

2015: Cooperation with Prístino Institute for the elaboration of Geoenvironmental Atlas of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve The Prístino Institute is a non-profitable private company created to develop research aimed at diagnosis, conservation and rational use of the natural heritage.

The Prístino Institute contributes to the issue in partnership with public institutions, performing a project providing technical information in areas of environmental importance for Minas Gerais. The information is conveyed through a simple platform and free access as a digital atlas.

FIGURA 83: LINK TO THE GEOENVIRONMENTAL ATLAS OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE HTTP://INSTITUTOPRISTINO.ORG.BR/ATLAS/ESPINHACO

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 6.8 Other comments/observations from a Biosphere Reserve perspective.

We highlight the works with other Biosphere Reserves in Brazil, especially in the Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve, in addition to strengthening the dialogue with the Government departments and the Departments of Biodiversity and Forests at the Ministry of the Environment. We also reinforce the dialogue with the State Public Prosecution Service, which managed the partnership of the Biosphere Reserve with the Prístino Institute for the development of the Geoenvironmental Digital Atlas of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, with the exchange of the available knowledge and information to society in General.

Among other potentials, we mention: • The Espinhaço Range itself is a great ecological corridor.

• The Royal Road and the overlap with areas of historical occupation of the region of RBSE. • The high diversity and endemism, especially in the Rupestrian Fields ("Biome" in MG).

• Great scientific interest for studies in the region.

• Traditional cultural exponents.

• Conservation units (ZN).

• Ecological Economic Zoning of MG. • Large volume of private enterprises and job creation.

• Involvement of organized civil society in policy processes.

• Large territory, which covers other areas of strategic planning (priority areas for Conservation of Biodiversity, National Action Plans for Conservation, the Territories of Traditional Communities and Culture, Tourism, Watersheds).

• Territory providing strategic environmental services, with emphasis on biodiversity and water.

• Structured Action Plan.

• Multiple territory and employment.

• Current data and zoned territory well defined.

We highlight the need for the strengthening the Brazilian Network of Biosphere Reserves, considering the need for further support by the COBRAMAB and the Government of Minas Gerais to the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

We must point out that despite the need for the Federal and State Governments supporting the Biosphere Reserve, the institutions that comprise the Managing Committee, as well as other partner institutions in development processes, education, research and conservation have provided great support to the processes for the fulfillment of the functions of the territory.

Another issue of great importance is the need for making the Biosphere Reserves a priority for structuring projects in the Territorial Unit of the State Government, as well as the specific budget forecast for investments in the Action Plan of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

Despite the legal guarantee, through specific Decree and the determination of these specific governmental responsibilities, there has been little attention to this designer item. On the other hand, non-governmental institutions have logistic, technical and budgetary data allowance for the development of actions according to priorities and the Action Plan established with institutional participation.

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7. GOVERNANCE, BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Foto: Miguel Andrade©

MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION

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7 GOVERNANCE, BIOSPHERE RESERVE MANAGEMENT AND COORDINATION 7.1 What are the technical and logistical resources for the coordination of the Biosphere Reserve?

The RBSE Managing Committee currently has an Office located at PUC Minas-Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, located at AV. Dom José Gaspar, 500, Prédio 25 - Coração Eucarístico in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais – Brazil (PO Box 1,686 – ZIP 30535.610).

The RBSE at PUC Minas is located in the Center for Integration of Environmental Sustainability (CISAL), a laboratory/observatory of guidance, professional practice, technological and scientific development associated with the Biology Department at PUC Minas, which has a trained technical and scientific team, including students, staff and Faculty of PUC Minas. The lab aims at innovation, getting stronger as a study environment, design of projects and development, intersectoral and institutional coordination in the areas of environment and environmental business. In addition, CISAL acts as a center to promote entrepreneurship whose base is consolidated through research, teaching and extension.

Installed and available infrastructure for the RBSE Managing Committee:

•

10 computers;

•

2 printers (A3 and A4);

•

Meeting rooms;

•

Multimedia projectors;

•

Office supplies;

•

Thematic library and teaching materials;

•

Auditoriums; and

•

Support from sectors of the PUC Minas.

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FIGURA 84: LOCATION OF THE CENTRAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COMMITTEE OF THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE-INTEGRATION CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (CISAL), EUCHARISTIC HEART CAMPUS OF THE PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MINAS GERAIS.

In addition to the central office, the Managing Committee has been using the facilities of various Conservation Units of local, State and federal levels for a set of workshops and roving meetings with the purpose of enlarging the participation for managers of these units and promoting the integration of Councilors. There were meetings in the following CUs of the RBSE: • The Itacolomi State Park, located in the municipalities of Mariana and Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais in the Southeast Region, 100 km from the Capital.

• Ecological Station of Tripuí, located in the municipality of Ouro Preto, approximately at 90 km from Belo Horizonte.

• Rola Moça State Park Situated within the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte.

• Serra do Cipó National Park is situated in the central area of the State of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region, 100 km from the capital, Belo Horizonte.

• Natural Municipal Park of Tabuleiro, situated in Conceição do Mato Dentro, 165 km from Belo Horizonte.

• Mosaic of Conservation Units Alto Jequitinhonha-Serra do Cabral, in Diamantina, which has strong support from the Biotrópicos Institute UFVJM.

On a direct basis, the Managing Committee has a team of guiding teachers, students, scholars and interns in general linked to the course of Biology that shares the workload among their research projects and support to the Committee. Such activities are performed within the framework of the Managing Committee's Central Office at PUC Minas. The technical support has also been offered by the staff members of the following governmental and non-governmental bodies:

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • ACELN, City Institute and Biodiversitas – These NGOs have played a predominant role in the Managing Committee, the Coordination (previous management), Vice-Coordination (current management) and Executive Secretary (management).

• Productive Sector: this sector, represented by the SINDIEXTRA and FIEMG, has supported financially and technically the RBSE projects. Additionally, this sector has been involved increasingly in discussions of the themes and objects of the RBSE by the Managing Committee.

• State Department for Environment and Sustainable Development (Semad) and related offices: State Environment Foundation (Feam), responsible for the environmental quality in the State, State Forest Institute (IEF) responsible for the Green Agenda and Minas Gerais Institute of Water Management (IGAM) responsible for the Blue Agenda.

• Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), which is a local authority in special regime under the Ministry of the Environment and member of the National Environmental System (Sisnama), especially through its Regional Coordination CR11 located in the municipality of Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais.

7.2 What is the overall framework for governance in the area of the Biosphere Reserve? Identify the main components and their contributions to the Biosphere Reserve.

Presented at the 6th Meeting of the Brazilian Commission for the Program "Man and the Biosphere" COBRAMAB in April 27, 2005, the proposal for the recognition of the Espinhaço Range as a Biosphere Reserve was submitted by the Government of Brazil and adopted by UNESCO in 2005.

The RBSE, as well as the rest of Biosphere Reserves in Brazil, under the coordination of the Brazilian Commission for the Program "Man and the Biosphere" - COBRAMAB, linked to the Ministry of Environment of the Federal Government of Brazil, according to the flowchart below:

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IMAGE 85: FLOWCHART OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN BRAZIL.

In this sense, the RBSE governance is oriented under three fundamental legal bases:

1 - National System of Conservation Units (SNUC): Federal Law n° 9,985, July 18, 2000 for Conservation Units and protected areas - the law defines a set of Conservation Units (CU) at Federal, State and local levels. There are 12 categories of CUs, whose specific objectives differ regarding the form of protection and permitted uses. Those needing greater care because of fragility and particularities, and those that can be used sustainably and conserved at the same time. In this system, a Biosphere Reserve is included as a special category, expressed in item (XI) that has five articles transcribed below: XI - BIOSPHERE RESERVES Art. 41. The Biosphere Reserve is a model of integrated, participatory and sustainable management of natural resources, whose basic goals the preservation of biodiversity and the development of scientific research activities, to deepen the knowledge of that biological diversity, environmental monitoring, environmental education, sustainable development and improvement of the quality of life of the people.

Art. 42. The management of Biosphere Reserves will be coordinated by the Brazilian Committee for the Program "Man and the Biosphere" - COBRAMAB, in the Decree of September 21, 1999, in order to plan, coordinate and supervise the activities relating to the program.

Art. 43. The COBRAMAB, in addition to the established in the Decree of September 21, 1999, supporting the establishment and install each of the management of Biosphere Reserves recognized in Brazil.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) §1 - Whenever the Biosphere Reserve include the territory of only one State, the management system will consist of a deliberative Council and regional committees. §2 - Whenever the Biosphere Reserve covering the territory of more than one State, the management system will consist of a Board and State committees. §3 - The COBRAMAB is responsible for creating and coordinating the national network of Biosphere Reserves.

Art. 44. It is the responsibility of the deliberative councils of Biosphere Reserves: I - Approve the structure of the management system of reservation and coordinate it; II - Propose macro-directives of COBRAMAB for deployment of the Biosphere Reserves; III – Design Action Plans for the Biosphere Reserve, proposing priorities, methodologies, timetables, partnerships and thematic areas of expertise, according to the basic objectives set out in art. 41 of law No. 9,985, 2000; IV - Strengthen the implementation of the proposal of Biosphere Reserve pilot projects at strategic points in your domain area; and V - Deploy domain areas of the Biosphere Reserve, the basic principles set out in art. 41 of law No. 9,985, 2000.

Art. 45. It is the responsibility of the regional and State committees: I - Support local governments in establishing public policies regarding Biosphere Reserves; and II - Point priority areas and propose strategies for the deployment of the Biosphere Reserves, as well as for the dissemination of their concepts and functions.

2-State Decree nº 44,281 of April 25, 2006: Expressed the interest of the State of Minas Gerais in stimulating the participation of various segments of society in the implementation of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve. This effect creates the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, a collegial body, linked to the Brazilian network of Biosphere Reserves with the following assignments: 1.

Ensure and coordinate the deployment of CLOSE READING in the State, establishing the guidelines and action strategies;

2.

Carry out and disseminate the principles of THE RBSE;

3.

Approve and coordinate the the RBSE management system in line with the guidelines established by the program MaB-UNESCO;

4.

Elaborate, so as participatory, the State action plan of The RBSE proposing priorities, methodologies, partnerships and areas of operation;

5.

Promoting studies and projects aimed at the conservation of the natural and cultural heritage, stimulating sustainable development and scientific knowledge of RBSE;

6.

Support projects, programs and projects of interest to the RBSE;

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Joint institutional efforts and act as a facilitator for fundraising for conservation projects, development and research in RBSE;

8.

Collaborate for the improvement of legislation and public policies in the area of the Espinhaço Range;

9.

Propose and support the environmental and cultural heritage preservation State and federal in the Espinhaço mountains included in RBSE;

10. Encourage and support the establishment of pilot areas of RBSE and approve existing ones, aimed at the development of model projects that enable the deployment of the reserve, through regional actions; 11. Encourage and propose the deployment of public and private Conservation Units; 12. Evaluate and approve the proposals for creating outposts of RBSE; 13. Review and approve the projects of The RBSE to be forwarded to any instance for eventual financial support; 14. Promote socio-environmental Diagnostics in the area of The RBSE in order to support the definition of priority actions; 15. Encourage scientific research on biomes and ecological tones in the Espinhaço mountains; 16. Promote the development and dissemination of environmental recovery and conservation incentives; 17. Enjoy, in conjunction with the State of Bahia, the issues relating to border areas of the RBSE; 18. Design its internal rules.

For implementation of these tasks, there were set three strategies: I. Promote the incorporation of municipalities, local communities, non-governmental organizations, research centers and the private sector in the implementation of actions RBSE; II. Optimize the operation among the different organs linked directly or indirectly to the subject of THE RBSE in the State, contributing to their integration policies and actions; III. Seek cooperation with other Biosphere Reserves, as well as with institutions statewide, national and international levels.

Structure of the State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve:

IMAGE 86: STRUCTURE OF THE STATE COMMITTEE OF RBSE

3 – Internal Regulation of the Managing Committee: Set of rules drawn up by representatives of various institutions to regulate the following issues: 249

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Managing Committee objectives.

• Competences with a view to their advisory, deliberative and normative characteristics.

• Composition of members of the Government and civil society.

• The duties of each Member.

• Form of management and tasks of the Coordinator, Deputy Coordinator and Executive Secretary.

• Procedures for meetings and other participations.

7.3 Describe social impact assessments or similar tools and guidelines used to support indigenous and local rights and cultural initiatives

2004: Decree of December 27, 2004 – Creates the National Commission on sustainable development of traditional communities and other matters.

2007: Signature of the Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions, in Paris.

2006: Decree of July 13, 2006 – changes the title, competence and composition of the National Commission on sustainable development of traditional communities and other matters.

2007: Promulgation of the Convention on the protection and promotion of the diversity of cultural expressions, signed in Paris on October 20, 2005-Decree nº 6,177, August 1, 2007.

2007: National Policy for the sustainable development of people and traditional communities (PNPCT)Decree nº 6,040, February 7, 2007.

2010: Law No. 12,288, July 20, 2010, establishing the Statute of Racial Equality, intended to ensure the black population the effectuation of equal opportunities, ethnic individual, collective and diffuse rights and fighting discrimination and other forms of ethnic intolerance.

2014: State policy for the Sustainable Development of people and traditional communities of Minas Gerais – law nº. 21,147, January 14, 2014.

2014: State Commission for the development of peoples and traditional communities of Minas Gerais (CEPCT-MG)- Decree nº 46,671, December 16, 2014.

Although the rights of people and traditional communities are already in the Law, they are largely representative organizations, support organizations and all of Brazilian society acting so that these laws are respected. Hence, there are some offices and institutions that assist and require the application of existing laws in our country: 1) State Public Ministry (MEP); 2) Federal Public Ministry (MPF) – 6th Chamber for Coordination and Review Indigenous Peoples and Traditional Communities of the MPF; 3) Public Defender; 4) Civil Society Entities of Legal Advice; 5) Ombudsman; 250

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 6) Public Hearings.

7.4 What (if any) are the main conflicts relating to the Biosphere Reserve and what solutions have been implemented?

After the colonial historical cycles of mineral exploration, mining is still the main activity in much of the territory.

On a large scale, it is worth highlighting the extraction of iron ore. Since the colonial period, around the 17th Century, the mineral exploration in the Espinhaço Range was the axis of their occupation and bringing wealth, but also a series of conflicts of this activity.

The Iron Quadrangle region is the territory of greater identity of this activity in RBSE. However, today, new lines of installation of large mining ventures have excelled in the territory, such as the region of Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serro (historic towns), Morro do Pilar, Dom Joaquim and Alvorada de Minas.

These new ventures of the Anglo American Company have raised great environmental conflicts, since the licensing process. It would be interesting to adopt long-term measures, for example a project supported by good practice guides (ICMM) and, certainly, by development plans that contemplate a more systemic approach and are committed to the people and regional Conservation Units. Notwithstanding, there is a "New Eldorado" of mining just north of the RBSE. It is the Peixe Bravo presented in item 4 of this report.

From this Periodic Review, we intend to enhance the boundaries for this region based on the functions of the Biosphere Reserve.

The region of greater mineral production is located in the Iron Quadrangle, where the largest enterprises are. In the various stages of mineral extraction, we can observe different conflicts. In the process of environmental licensing, during operation or at closing, the mining activity and the whole society are continually challenged either by environmental, social or economic impacts.

Of the 94 municipalities that make up the territory of the RBSE, 49 have mineral activity, and in this scenario, it is essential that public managers and every society, have a perfect understanding of the cycle of this activity in order to plan the future and ensure the well-being of communities, conservation and economic mechanisms. It is known that the mining practiced in Brazil Chain promoted a high degree of impact on natural ecosystems in watersheds as well as in urban and rural social structure.

The territory of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve lies in a region with high biodiversity and geodiversity and in one of the largest mining potential spaces of Brazil, which resulted, historically, in a continuous search for natural resources, culminating in environmental disagreements within that spatial arrangement.

In general, the existing conflicts in the region are arising from conservation-development dichotomy. On the one hand, it was noted in the last ten years an accentuation of natural areas protection initiatives, through the implementation of Integral protection units of conservation and sustainable use, as well as the emergence of geo-conservationist initiatives and protection of archaeological, geological and historical heritage-cultural sites, which increased the territory protected within the bounds of RBSE. On the other hand, we emphasize the sharp phenomena of urban occupancy and property speculation, especially near the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH), and industrial activities, especially on mining exploration in the Iron Quadrangle to the South of RBSE. This scenario identified the existence of 80 environmental conflicts on the territory of the RBSE according to Image below, mapped, described and categorized by mapping project of Environmental Conflicts of 251

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) the State of Minas Gerais 11 (for more information on conflicts, Access project's website: http://conflitosambientaismg.lcc.ufmg.br/observatorio-de-conflitos-ambientais/mapa-dos-conflitosambientais).

Among the conflicts, it is worth pointing out the high number in the municipalities included in the Iron Quadrangle and, more specifically, those in the RMBH, most of them in the capital of Minas Gerais – Belo Horizonte. Such factor can be explained by the greater population density and existing industrial activities.

The Map of Conflicts of Minas Gerais is a project O Mapa de Conflitos do Estado de Minas Gerais é um projeto realizado desde 2007 pelo Grupo de Estudos em Temáticas Ambientais da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (GESTA-UFMG) em parceria com o Núcleo de Investigação em Justiça Ambiental da Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (NINJA-UFSJ) e o Núcleo Interdisiciplinar de Investigação Socioambiental da Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (NIISA-UNIMONTES).

11

252

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

IMAGE 87: MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS EXISTING IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: GESTA, 2015)

253

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Regarding the categorization of conflicts, it was noted the existence of environmental conflicts in RBSE involving: a) Conservation Units; (b) agricultural/livestock/activity); c) industrial activities; d) trade and services; e) territorial demands; f) urban dynamics; g) infrastructure; and h) use and occupation of the soil.

In order to mitigate existing conflicts, the following actions have been implemented according to their classification: a) Conservation Units: conflicts resulting from overlapping Conservation Units in locations with presence of indigenous peoples are related to the permanence of communities within and use of natural resources.

Strategies used to solve such conflicts are the compensation to the residents by the granting of land and the resettlement in neighboring regions conducted by the environmental organ responsible for the management of Conservation Units, as determination of 9,985, July 18, 2000 Act, establishing the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) – (BRAZIL, 2000). Another possibility for conflict resolution in Conservation Units involves the re-categorization of a Conservation Unit – integral protection areas becoming areas of sustainable use of natural resources, as happens in the case of Sustainable Development Reserves.

b) Agricultural/livestock/forestry activity: They occur in the specific case of The RBSE, by processes of advancement of monocultures, such as eucalyptus, cases of deforestation and contamination by pesticides undermining traditional actions and sustainable management of natural resources. With the purpose to mitigate such conflicts, University extension actions such as UFVJM and UFMG and State and Federal Prosecutors are held in the regions affected by this type of conflict.

c) Industrial activities: typology of conflict with higher number of indications in the territory of the RBSE. With virtually all the evidence related to corporate mining issues, environmental conflicts are justified by the impacts caused by such activities. Social movements and organizations are organized to seek alternatives to minimize the impacts and actions to ensure the application of resources from environmental compensation and for the fulfillment of certain conditions, in order to solve the problem the company is causing or compensate for damages already caused. In this context, we highlight consolidated actions in the area of conflict as an attempt to provide resolution and understanding of the stakeholders involved, such as the Project for Structuring the Social-Environmental Network APA SOUTH RMBH 12. We stress the direct participation of members and employees of the RBSE State Committee. d) Trade and services: the resulting conflicts of this type occur in smaller quantities in the territory of RBSE. Of the existing ones, the cluttered tourism is the main factor. In the specific case of the municipality of Diamantina, located in the northern portion of RBSE, local residents reported to local authorities the impacts caused by the Carnival, as damage to the historical-cultural heritage and visual pollution and garbage in the city. The Municipality of Diamantina regulated the event in the city and the State Public Ministry brought local representatives to sign a Conduct Adjustment Term with mitigation measures of the impacts of the Carnival. e) Territorial demand: under this type of conflict, the reference involves the relationship of traditional communities (indigenous and Quilombola, specifically) with enterprise installation processes and intensification of urban sprawl. In this context, the affected communities seek for official support, such The research project and extension entitled "Structuring Project of Environmental Outreach Network in MiningMetallurgical Regions: APA south, its mosaic of protected areas and the surrounding communities," occurred between 2007 and 2011, aimed tostructure and implement an environmental extension network in metallurgical regions of Minas Gerais, aiming at territorial and environmental planning of theenvironmental Protection Area Southern Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte - APASOUTH MRBH. 12

254

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) as FUNAI, the Palmares Foundation, the CEDEFES and the INCRA for solutions to such problems. In the understanding of the historical and cultural importance of traditional communities for RBSE, numerous universities belonging to its State Committee and other partners develop collaborative programs and projects in support of the processes of identification, recognition, knowledge exchange and rescue and alternative income generation. We highlight the actions of UFVJM involving traditional communities in the Espinhaço range and the Jequitinhonha Valley region. The UFMG has the project "Mapping Traditional Peoples and Communities in Minas Gerais: Evaluation and Social - Political Inclusion", linked to the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Philosophy and Humanities (FAFICH) at the University, with the support of PROEX/UFMG and the MEC/SESU. The Public Ministry of the State of Minas Gerais has the publication "Rights of Traditional Peoples and Communities", which aims at the dissemination and promotion of information about the individual and collective rights and their means of access to such peoples and communities. f) Urban dynamics: conflict focused in the region of Belo Horizonte, derived from the processes of urban expansion, doubling of highways and roads and real estate speculation. As an attempt to mitigate these conflicts, emphasize the conciliation procedures for removal and resettlement of families to humanized implementation of public works, as the case of duplication of the ring road and the BR381 in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. The role of the Institute in this process Mines Rondon. g) Infrastructure: the second biggest cause of environmental conflicts in the RBSE territory involves infrastructure issues, from the release of sewage into water bodies to the expansion of the Royal Road, involving the paving of the road that connects the municipality of Serro to Diamantina. It also includes the installation of small hydropower plants in the basin of the Santo Antônio River, near the municipality of Ferros. The problems of these situations involve the expropriation of families, the extinction of species and the contamination of water bodies. As measures used to mitigate such conflicts, we highlight the public hearings with the affected communities, the preparation of petitions and actions by the public prosecutor. h) Soil use and occupation: typology of conflict to a lesser extent on the territory of RBSE. We highlight conflicts related to issues of real estate speculation, urban zoning, deployment of condominiums and irregular occupations. The actions of NGOs, environmentalists and the public prosecutor, by means of public hearings, seek to reduce and even eliminate the conflicts resulting from the use and occupation of the soil.

Types of Environmental Conflicts in the Biosphere Reserve 9%

Protected Areas

7% 8%

26%

Activities, Agricultural, Livestock and Forestry Industrial Activities Commerce and Services

32%

Territorial Claim Urban Dynamics

10% 5% 3%

Infrastructure

IMAGE 88: TYPOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE.

255

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) TABLE 48: LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS PER MUNICIPALITY AT THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE. No. OF 65 Itabira ID MUNICIPALITIES OF RBSE CONFLICTS BY 66 São Gonçalo do Rio Preto MUNICIPALITY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Lassance Várzea da Palma Corinto Curvelo Itatiaiuçu Jequitaí Rio Manso Augusto de Lima Igarapé Brumadinho Francisco Dumont Betim Serra Azul de Minas Buenópolis Materlândia Santo Hipólito Jeceaba Belo Vale Claro dos Poções São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo Joaquim Felício Contagem Presidente Juscelino Ibirité Monjolos Morro do Pilar Sarzedo Belo Horizonte Santana de Pirapama Queluzito Congonhas Nova Lima Engenheiro Navarro Itabirito Gouveia Diamantina Baldim Conselheiro Lafaiete Ouro Preto Bocaiúva Santa Luzia Jaboticatubas Sabará Rio Acima Raposos Ouro Branco Santana dos Montes Conceição do Mato Dentro Congonhas do Norte Taquaraçu de Minas Itaverava Caeté Santana do Riacho Santa Bárbara Olhos-D'água Datas Barão de Cocais Nova União Lamim Catas Altas da Noruega Presidente Kubitschek Mariana Bom Jesus do Amparo Catas Altas

0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 7 2 1 2 3 0 0 1 3 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 3 1 29 0 0 4 9 0 4 0 5 0 4 1 2 0 1 2 2 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 3 1 2 1 0 4 2 1 1 1 3 0 2

67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94

Piranga Mário Campos Itambé do Mato Dentro Alvorada de Minas Couto de Magalhães de Minas Senador Modestino Gonçalves Alvinópolis Diogo de Vasconcelos São Joaquim de Bicas Serro Dom Joaquim Rio Piracicaba Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo São Sebastião do Rio Preto Santo Antônio do Itambé Carmésia São Brás do Suaçuí Passabém Felício dos Santos Barra Longa Acaiaca Santa Maria de Itabira Sabinópolis Rio Vermelho Ferros Moeda Itamarandiba Coluna

2 1 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 4 2 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1 0

256

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TABLE 49: LIST OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS EXISTING IN THE ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE (SOURCE: OBSERVATORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS OF MINAS GERAIS – GESTA-UFMG).

ID

NAME OF CONFLICT

MUNICIPALITY (IES) ENVOLVED

1

Conflicts arising from the creation of the State Park Serra do Rola-Moça

Belo Horizonte, Brumadinho, Ibirité, Nova Lima

Conservation Units

2

Movement of those affected by the National Park of Evergreens

Bocaiúva Buenópolis Diamantina Olhos d’Água

Conservation Units

3

Struggle of the Quilombola Community Mata dos Crioulos against expansion of the State Parks Rio Preto and Pico do Itambé

Serra Azul de Minas, Serro, Couto de Magalhães de Minas, Diamantina, Felício dos Santos, São Gonçalo do Rio Preto

Conservation Units

4

Those affected by the State Park Pico do Itambé

Santo Antônio do Itambé, Serra Azul de Minas, Serro

Conservation Units

5

Struggle of families expropriated by the National Park Serra do Cipó

Santana do Riacho, Jaboticatubas, Nova União, Itambé do Mato Dentro, Itabira

Conservation Units Territorial Demand

6

State Park of the Serra do Cabral and the advancement of monoculture of eucalyptus on the fields of traditional collection

Buenópolis Francisco Dumont Joaquim Felício

Conservation Units Atividade Agrícola/ Pecuária / Florestal

7

The village Guarani Indians Pataxó in Carmésia

Carmésia

Territorial Demand

8

Deforestation in the Black River Farm

Francisco Dumont

9 10

Eucalyptus monoculture cause death of springs and soil erosion in Jequitaí Jequitaí Resistance against the advance on the territory of the Quilombola Community of Vargem of Inhaí

Jequitaí Diamantina

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION

Agricultural/Livestock/Forestry Activity Agricultural/Livestock/Forestry Activity Agricultural/Livestock/Forestry Activity

SPECIFIC CLASSIFICATION Conservation/Biodiversity Full protection Conservation Units Conservation/Biodiversity

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

-20,05328

-44,05277

Full protection Conservation Units

-18,22176

-43,63906

Conservação/Biodiversity Full Protection Conservation Units

-18,31179

-43,35599

-18,60093

-43,37702

-19,36698

-43,53858

-17,82551

-17,17190

Indigenous Lands

-19,07769

-43,15704

Deforestation

-17,25885

-44,24211

Monocultures

-17,24164

-44,42587

Deforestation

-17,85083

-44,58520

Conservação/Biodiversity Full Protection Conservation Units Conservação/Biodiversity Full Protection Conservation Units Traditional People Conservação/Biodiversity Full Protection Conservation Units Monocultures

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

25

Root community resistance to the advancement of monoculture of eucalyptus on the fields of traditional collection Black River contamination by pesticides in the settlement Ho Chi Min (MST) Environmental degradation caused by the Anex Mining Ltd. Resistance to mining in the hills of Currency Emicon activities in Serra do Itatiaiuçu Serra da Sidewalk vault of Brumadinho Mining Capão Xavier Nova Lima Breaking of the tailings dam of the Rio Verde Mining Company Contamination by silicosis AngloGold Mining workers Morro Velho Movement against the mine expansion Anteater on the ecological Station Closures Resistance to mining exploration in Portuguese Pollution of water by a Valemix in the community of the Iam_snq21 waterfall in Catas Altas Mina Gongo Soco Mobilization of residents against polluting activities of company Novelis in Ouro Preto

Articulation of social movements of the Zona da Mata against Pipeline of Ferrous Resources

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Presidente Kubitschek

Agricultural/Livestock/Forestry Activity

Monocultures Deforestation

-18,57986

-43,60267

Nova União

Agricultural/Livestock/Forestry Activity

Uso de Agrotóxico

-19,68852

-43,58615

Itabirito

Industrial Activities

Mining

-20,22676

-43,79837

Brumadinho Brumadinho Brumadinho Nova Lima

Industrial Activities Industrial Activities Industrial Activities Industrial Activities

Mining Mining Mining Mining

-20,16038 -20,13911 -20,10913 -20,04907

-44,0126 -44,23988 -43,8857 -43,97818

Nova Lima

Industrial Activities

Mining

-20,04722

-43,97981

Nova Lima

Industrial Activities

Mining

-19,98431

-43, 84952

Nova Lima

Industrial Activities

Mining

-19,97657

-43,83991

Barão de Cocais, Caeté, Itabirito, Nova Lima, Raposos, Rio Acima, Santa Bárbara

Industrial Activities

Mining

-20,07528

-43,6425

Catas Altas

Industrial Activities

Mining

-20,06173

-43,3953

Barão de Cocais

Industrial Activities Industrial Activities Infrastructure

Mining Metallurgy/Steel Sanitation

-19,9556

-43,60336

-20,40395

-43,52175

Industrial Activities

Mining

-20,52607

-43,86222

Ouro Preto Cajuri Catas Altas da Noruega Coimbra Congonhas Conselheiro Lafaiete Ervália Eugenópolis Lamim Muriaé Paula Cândido Piranga Presidente Bernardes

258

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

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Rosário da Limeira Senhora de Oliveira Viçoa 26 27 28 29

30

Territorial conflicts in the neighborhood in Congonhas, Platform reached by the supply of wagons of the CSN Resistance to mining in Congonhas Resistance to reactivation of Mina Del Rey, in Mariana Irregular exploitation of sand and gravel on the bed of the Rio das Velhas

Resistance against the construction of the Minas-Rio Pipeline

34

Resistance to mining of Anglo Ferrous MinasRio S.A. in Conceição do Mato Dentro Fight against the mining venture of Manabi S/A in Santa Maria de Itabira Movement for the preservation of Serra da Piedade Mining in Itabira

35

Rhyme Industry pollution S/A

36

Project resistance movement Manabi Morro do Pilar Minerals S/A

31 32 33

Congonhas Jeceaba

Industrial Activities Soil use and ocupation

Congonhas

Industrial Activities

Mining Land Division in na urban area Mining

Mariana

Industrial Activities

Várzea da Palma

-20,47462

-43,91921

-20,48443

-43,83956

Mining

-20,3698

-43,40903

Industrial Activities

Mining

-17,65788

-44,72808

Industrial Activities

Mining

-18,73305

-43,36427

Industrial Activities

Mining

-19,04215

-43,41523

Industrial Activities

Mining

-19,44778

-43,11504

Caeté, Sabará

Industrial Activities

Mining

-19,82155

-43,69331

Itabira Bocaiúva Capitão Enéas Várzea da Palma Morro do Pilar, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Santo Antônio do

Industrial Activities

Mining

-19,60475

-43,22124

Industrial Activities

Mining/Siderurgia

-17,11979

-43,80935

Industrial Activities Territorial Demand

Mining Other territorial demands

-19,21435

-43,36811

Alvorada de Minas, Faria Lemos, Fervedouro, Jequeri, Pedra Bonita, Pedra Dourada, Piedade de Ponte Nova, Rio Casca, Santa Cruz do Escalvado, Santa Margarida, Santo Antônio do Grama, Divino, Carangola, Abre Campo, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Dom Joaquim, Itambé do Mato Dentro, Morro do Pilar, Nova Era, Passabém, Santa Maria de Itabira, Santo Antônio do Rio Abaixo, São Domingos do Prata, São Sebastião do Rio Preto, Tombos Alvorada de Minas, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Dom Joaquim Morro do Pilar, Santa Maria de Itabira

259

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1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Rio Abaixo, Ferros, Joanésia, Mesquita, Belo Oriente, Açucena, Naque, Iapu, Sobrália, Fernandes Tourinho, Engenheiro Caldas, Itanhomi, Capitão Andrade, Tumiritinga, Conselheiro Pena, Resplendor, Itueta

Traditional People

37

Coal mafia in Conselheiro Lafaiete

Conselheiro Lafaiete

Industrial Activities Agricultural/Livestock/Forestry Activity

38

Accidents in the stretch that connects Belo Vale to the BR-040

Belo Vale

Industrial Activities Infrastructure

39

Mobilization against mine activities in Belo Vale

Belo Vale

Industrial Activities Infrastructure

40

Community water supply Tejuco

Brumadinho

Industrial Activities Infrastructure

41

The fight against mining in the District of White House

Brumadinho

Industrial Activities Infrastructure

42

Struggle for environmental preservation of the garden of Petrópolis, in Nova Lima

Nova Lima

Industrial Activities Soil use and ocupation

43

Implementation of the State Park of Serra Negra

Itamarandiba

Industrial Activities Agricultural/Livestock/Forestry Activity

Diamantina

44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Residents of Diamantina against the impacts of Carnival Impact caused by tourism in Milho Verde The Guarani Indigenous Village of the Pataxó in Carmésia Struggle for territorial demarcation of Quilombo dos Luízes Fight for housing: Eliana Silva Occupation Struggle for housing in occupations Camilo Torres and Sister Dorothy Struggle for housing in Nelson Mandela do Barreiro

Metallurgy/Steel Deforastation

-20,6437

-43,78257

-20,41542

-44,01878

-20,40127

-44,02221

-20,11332

-44,15954

-20,10703

-44,04951

-20,01948

-43,88008

Mining Deforestation

-18,01971

-42,95087

Trade and Service

Impact eventos

-18,24594

-43,61816

Serro

Trade and Service

Tourism

-18,45543

-43,49195

Carmésia

Territorial Demand

Indigenous Land

-19,08937

-43,14949

Belo Horizonte

Territorial Demand

Quilombola Land

-19,93783

-43,96644

Belo Horizonte

Urban Dynamics

Housing demands

-20,01178

-44,02753

Belo Horizonte

Urban Dynamics

Housing demands

-20,01363

-44,02374

Belo Horizonte

Urban Dynamics

Housing demands

-20,00692

-44,02088

260

Mining Transportation Mining Transportation Barragem Mining Barragem Mining Transportation Mining Land Division in urban area

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

65 66 67 68 69 70 71

Occupation Nelson Mandela (Little Farm) Struggle for housing in Twin Towers Defense of the occupation Navantino Alves, BH Fight for housing families of Carlos Drummond occupation in Itabira Occupations in areas of the company pass Mine Struggle for housing in the Village AcabaMundo Belo Horizonte Noise pollution caused by MRS Logística Hit by Campos and Santo Antonio Dam on the river Traíras Dump of Ouro Branco Conflicts in sewage treatment in Congonhas Conflicts surrounding the North Dam of the Brucutu mine Hit by the small hydroelectric plant (PCH) Fumaça Contamination of groundwater due to the installation of sewer pumping station Conflicts around the plumbing of streams in Contagem Struggle of the residents of the Camargos Neighborhood against health damage generated by the SERQUIP company will complete 10 years without checking responsibilities Resistance to rail line in Bairro São Geraldo Mobilization of residents against the Landfill of Sabará Release of sewage in the river of stones Resistance to construction of SHP in the course of the River Santo Antonio basin DRENURBS Program Expansion of the Royal Road: paving the road Saw the Diamantina

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Belo Horizonte Belo Horizonte

Urban Dynamics Urban Dynamics

Housing demands Housing demands

-19,92986 -19,91824

-43,90643 -43,92185

Belo Horizonte

Urban Dynamics

Housing demands

-19,92266

-43,93061

Itabira

Urban Dynamics

Housing demands

-19,61639

-43,22914

Housing demands Mining Housing demands Mining Transportation

-20,36907

-43,45092

-19,9613

-43,92814

Conselheiro Lafaiete

Urban Dynamics Industrial Activities Urban Dynamics Industrial Activities Infrastructure

-20,65655

-43,77914

Claro dos Poções

Infrastructure

Barragem

-17,03840

-44,19525

Ouro Branco Congonhas Barão de Cocais São Gonçalo do Rio Abaixo

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Sanitation Sanitation

-20,56915 -20,48756

-43,73245 -43,84222

Infrastructure

Dam

-19,8636

-43,38342

Diogo de Vasconcelos Mariana

Infrastructure

Energy

-20,46818

-43,27789

Betim Contagem

Infrastructure

Sanitation

-19,94564

-44,07064

Contagem

Infrastructure

Sanitation

-19,94035

-44,05322

Belo Horizonte

Infrastructure

Sanitation

-19,94061

-44,01194

Belo Horizonte

Infrastructure

Transportation

-19,89943

-43,9045

Sabará

Infrastructure

Sanitation

-19,87569

-43,85965

Buenópolis

Infrastructure

Sanitation

-17,86276

-44,18014

Ferros

Infrastructure

Energy

-19,23136

-43,02127

Belo Horizonte

Infrastructure

Sanitation

-19,92307

-43,93616

Serro, Diamantina

Infrastructure

Transportation

-18,50564

-43,47015

Mariana Belo Horizonte

261

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE

1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

72

Irregular solid waste Final disposal

Várzea da Palma

Infrastructure

73

Agrarian regularization in the cluster of Morro das Pedras

Belo Horizonte

Infrastructure Soil use and ocupation

74

Interruption of transit caused by MRS Logística wagons

Belo Vale

Infrastructure Trade and Service

75

Irregular allotment Nossa Senhora da Guia

Conselheiro Lafaiete

Soil use and ocupation Infrastructure

76

Irregular occupation on Farm Marzagão

Itabirito

Soil use and ocupation

77

Condos in Nova Lima

Nova Lima

Soil use and ocupation

78

Resistance against property speculation in the Palm trees and Buritis

Belo Horizonte

Soil use and ocupation

79

Regularization of the land acquired by the Pro-housing program

Contagem

Soil use and ocupation Urban Dynamics

Conflicts in APA-South

Barão de Cocais, Santa Bárbara, Rio Acima, Raposos, Nova Lima, Mário Campos, Itabirito, Ibirité, Catas Altas, Caeté, Brumadinho, Belo Horizonte, Sarzedo

Soil use and ocupation Infrastructure Conservation Units

80

262

Sanitation Transportation Land Division em urban area Land Division em urban area Sanitation Land Division em rural area Land Division em rural area Land Division em urban area Land Division em urban area Housing demands Land Division em rural area Sanitation

-17,56417

-44,70886

-19,94957

-43,96421

-20,40513

-44,00814

-20,66619

-43,78326

-20,24995

-43,81004

-20,16296

-43,95629

-19,97189

-43,97393

-19,93848

-44,05295

-20,05496

-44,01329

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 7.4.1 Describe the main conflicts regarding access to, or the use of, resources in the area and the relevant timeframe.

Conflicts related to access and use of natural resources relate directly to the following questions, according to information provided by the study group on Environmental Themes at UFMG and available online by the "Observatory of Environmental Conflicts of Minas Gerais – Map of Environmental Conflicts" (http://conflitosambientaismg.lcc.ufmg.br/observatorio-de-conflitos-ambientais/mapa-dos-conflitosambientais): 1) Prospecting and mining extraction processes, due to the mineral wealth of the territory, concentrated in the Iron Quadrangle, with emphasis on the Apolo Project (between the municipalities of Caeté and Santa Barbara), an initiative of the Vale SA that provides for the deployment of an open iron ore mine in the Serra do Gandarela. It is important for the water supply of the special metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte. In the Southern Espinhaço Range, we highlight the Minas-Rio Project, already in operation phase in the States of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, which connects the region of the mine of Anglo American in Conceição do Mato Dentro, Porto do Açu, in São João da Barra (RJ), traversing 33 Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro municipalities. In addition to these, it is worth mentioning the conflicts related to mining in the Serra da Moeda, Serra da Piedade and the municipality of Congonhas. These processes include resistance movements led primarily by environmentalists and affected by development, which questions the environmental impact and the licensing process.

2) Implementation and extension of Full Protection Conservation Units (Core Areas) that are distributed throughout the extent of the RBSE. They may limit the activities of local people and traditional communities in the region, in addition to the processes of expropriation of these populations and conflicts related to land property regularization. It should be noted the case of conflicts arising from the creation of the State Park Serra do Rola-Moça, located on RMBH, families expropriated by the Serra do Cipó National Park. We also mention the National Park of evergreens, particularly those using the fields for collection of evergreens. There is the struggle of the quilombola community Matas do Crioulos in relation to the expansion of the State parks in the Rio Preto and Pico do Itambé. Also, the multi-aspect conflicts in APA SOUTH RMBH, Sustainable Use Conservation Unit in RBSE, mining, processes that are related to real estate speculation and urban sprawl and Conservation Units overlap - the case of the aforementioned State Park of the Serra do Rola-Moça.

3) Water supply, with the example of the conflicts involving Tejuco, residents in Brumadinho; due to a deviation in the watercourses that supply the region by Mineral company Brazil, there are water shortages in the dry season. It is important to note the case of the Apolo Mine at the Serra do Gandarela, a water recharge zone in the RMBH.

As a The RBSE management gap, we indicate the need for preparation of proposals and strategies for conflict resolution. For example, the joint support of the RBSE Managing Committee, managers of Core Areas and the State and Federal Prosecutors to seek mitigating and compensatory measures, in addition to the signature of Conduct Adjustment Terms (TACs) to facilitate demonstration projects in the municipalities of the RBSE. In the framework of the management of the Core Zones, it is important to highlight the effectiveness of strategies for conflict mitigation and treatment with expropriated families for the implementation of Conservation Units and those inserted in their buffer areas.

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) We highlight the mitigating actions of socio-environmental conflicts held by the CUs: - Compensation for expropriated land; - The granting of financial incentives to owners and squatters who ever preserve or undertake to recover the native vegetation in their properties, with a particular focus on the Green Incentive Program, established by the Law 17,727 of August 13, 2008 and regulated by Decree 45,113, June 5, 2009; - Support for community-based tourism and hiring locals for the formation of the CU management team; - Creation and improvement of management plans that may encourage and assist in the mediation of UC with the local community; - Public consultations for the creation of Conservation Units and for implementing their management plans; - The implementation of methodologies and participatory diagnosis (action that is already promoted by the Manager of the UCs of Minas Gerais – State Forest Institute – IEF-MG, through Participatory Diagnostics in Conservation Units – DIPUCs), environmental education programs and awarenessraising campaigns to demonstrate the importance of the Conservation Unit for local residents.

It is important to highlight the need for considering the socioeconomic and cultural peculiarities of each region and the systematization of practices that seek to combine the local development of communities with biodiversity conservation. It should be noted the participation of members of the Managing Committee of RBSE in several advisory boards for full protection Conservation Units in the territory, which has contributed to the discussion and the incorporation of strategies and assumptions of a Biosphere Reserve in the management of Core Areas.

7.4.2 Describe any conflicts in competence among the different administrative authorities involved in the management of the area comprising the Biosphere Reserve.

Presented at the 6th Meeting of the Brazilian Commission for the Program "Man and the Biosphere" COBRAMAB in April 27, 2005, the proposal for the recognition of the Espinhaço Range as a Biosphere Reserve was submitted to UNESCO by the Government of Brazil and approved in 2005.

After that meeting, there was no other guideline or request for meetings within the framework of COBRAMAB, so the main conflict of jurisdiction begins in the managing authority of the Federal Government on Biosphere Reserves. Similarly, the behavior of the State Government, despite the support in the process of creation, did not start any program or public official policy to contribute for the management of the Biosphere Reserve. Virtually the entire financial and administrative support of the RBSE was given by civil society entities, most of them involved since the creation process.

In the private sector, it is worth highlighting the case of implantation of the Minas-Rio Project by Anglo American previously mentioned, one of the environmental conditions for the licensing process being the installation of "Science Station Biosphere Reserve of the Espinhaço Range". This was accomplished before the licensing bodies without meeting the goals and assumptions of the MaB Programme. In addition, such a venture was not legitimized by the Managing Committee and does not create any connection with the RBSE itself. Although the Managing Committee has held contacts and calls for clarification and alignment possibilities, there was no interest or return by the company.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 7.4.3 Explain the means used to resolve these conflicts, and their effectiveness. Describe its composition and functioning, resolution on a case-by-case basis. Are there local mediators; if so, are they approved by the Biosphere Reserve or by another authority?

In case of conflicts of jurisdiction between different authorities involved in the management of the area comprising the Biosphere Reserve, the Managing Committee and represented institutions have adopted integration strategies and dialogue.

Such strategies propose an open Committee seeking to address the diverse contributions respecting and legitimizing the differences. Whenever changes occur in Governments, the intention is to re-establish contacts and promote alignment actions locally or forming alliances with other Biosphere Reserves of Brazil.

Fortunately, there has been progress in both at the State and Federal levels.

With respect to the productive sector, there have been increasingly opportunities for partnerships, especially with the institutions represented in the Committee. A promising way of conflict solution opens with a new partnership established with the State Public Ministry, an institution responsible for defending citizens' rights and the interests of society. Its mission focuses on three pillars: defense of the legal order, the democratic regime and social and individual interests that are unavailable. The Prosecutor also acts to prevent threats or violations to peace, to freedom, to the guarantees and rights described in the Constitution. In those terms, it has the function of requiring public authorities to respect these rights and guarantees.

7.5 Updated information about the representation and consultation of local communities and their participation in the life of the Biosphere Reserve:

7.5.1 Describe how local people (including women and indigenous people) are represented in the planning and management of the Biosphere Reserve (e.g., assembly of representatives, consultation of associations, women’s groups).

Each representative institution of the Managing Committee has instances of participation of the community.

It is expected that they act as two-way channels disseminating information, bringing demands and experiences from various sectors of society.

TABLE 50: SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS IN STATE COMMITTEE OF RBSE.

Representations in Committee Federal Government

State Government

Municipal Government University Productive Sector ONG´s Population Traditional

Consultations opportunities ICMBio: Directors of the National Protected Areas SEMAD: Support for Municipal Environmental Management Secretary of Culture: Board of Culture and Heritage IEF: Advice of State Conservation Units FEAM: Regional Collegiate environmental licensing IGAM: Watershed Committees Collegiate bodies and municipal councils Academic community: teaching, research and extension Employees, unions, customers, shareholders, farmers Volunteers, activists and consultants Indigenous communities and quilombolas

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In the specific case of the representation of traditional peoples, the Committee relies on the participation of the indigenous culture, which served in the elaboration of fundamental rights defined in the Federal Constitution of 1988. From this entity, the Committee organizes the Union of Indigenous Nations, Alliance of the Forest Peoples among others. Quilombolas populations are represented by the Federation of Quilombola Communities of the State of Minas Gerais – N´Golo. The Federation does not have headquarters and its resources are still insufficient to achieve the desired activities. However, the trajectory of this organization only took its first steps. It is expected that, through the articulation and organization of the Quilombolas, their struggle results in greater visibility and political strength.

There are currently 21 institutions with representation on the Committee, 9 of them with female representatives. However, we highlight the need for revision of the Decree, the Rules of Procedure and the Action Plan, in order to consider more specific proposals and with greater scope for participation of women in RBSE actions.

7.5.2 What form does this representation take: companies, associations, environmental associations, trade unions (list the various groups)?

The Managing Committee has seven kinds of representations: Federal, State and municipal Governments, universities, the productive sector, non-governmental organizations and traditional populations. The Federal Government has an institution related to environmental policies with emphasis on conservation. The State Government has five representatives, four related to the environmental agenda and one related to culture.

There are five municipal administrations representing the South, Central and Northern potions of the Espinhaço Range, three universities, two public and one plus three NGOs with environmental activities.

The form of participation of the indigenous peoples is given officially by the Decree for Creation of the Managing Committee (State Decree nº 44,281 of April 25, 2006) that defines an Advisor and a substitute of traditional peoples. In the specific case of these representations, the indication occurs through a nongovernmental, non-profit, philanthropic, scientific, cultural and community state organization, with headquarters in the city of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais. The CEDEFES aims to promote the information, cultural and pedagogical training, documentation, archive, searching and publishing of subjects of interest of the people and social movements.

7.5.3 Indicate whether there are procedures for integrating the representative body of local communities (e.g., financial, election of representatives, traditional authorities).

All institutions established by State Decree No. 44,281 of April 25, 2006 have their own criteria for choosing representatives, holder and substitute in the Managing Committee. As a member of the State Committee of RBSE earns no remuneration, being considered relevant public interest. The procedure used by the Managing Committee in partnership with the CEDEFES is to indicate a representative of indigenous peoples and a representative of the Quilombola populations that alternate on ownership within the Committee.

7.5.4 How long-lived is the consultation mechanism (e.g., permanent assembly, consultation on specific projects)?

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) According to the internal regulations of the RBSE Managing Committee, the office term of the members is two (2) years, the reelection allowed.

Through article 8 of the rules of procedure, it is the duty of each Member of the Committee of RBSE: • Disclose the RBSE, its objectives and defend its principles at all times as much as possible; • Perform the functions for which he has been designated; • Participate in regular meetings and actively contribute to the solutions of the problems of RBSE; • Collaborate with the tasks assigned to them by the Committee or by the Executive Secretary; • Be represented by his Deputy in case of impediment.

The representation of traditional peoples has been very active in making decisions and in the strategic planning of RBSE. The Committee meetings are held every three months, whenever summoned by the Coordination or by more than 50% of its members, establishing a yearly calendar. The meetings are open, public, and its members may invite individuals or legal entities, public or private, with expertise in the area of RBSE or of interest to its activities.

7.5.5 What is the impact of this consultation on the decision-making process (decisional, consultative or merely to inform the population)?

As set forth in Federal law n° 9,985, July 18, 2000, the decisions of the Managing Committee are deliberative, however there are other instances linked to institutions representatives and their specific forums.

In this case, the RBSE Committee serves on the support and strengthening of the proposals and initiatives of each segment. The Committee meetings are held every three months, whenever summoned by the Coordination or by more than 50% of its members, establishing a yearly calendar. Extraordinary meetings may be convened by the Coordination Committee or at the request of one quarter of the members.

Ordinary meetings shall be convened at least thirty (30) days in advance and extraordinarily with at least ten days in advance. The summons must be accompanied by an indication of the subject to be discussed.

Other modalities of participation are related with the meetings and lectures for alignment and the drafting, review and monitoring of the Action Plan.

7.5.6 At which step in the existence of a Biosphere Reserve is the population involved: creation of the Biosphere Reserve, drawing up of the management plan, implementation of the plan, day to day management of the Biosphere Reserve? Give some practical examples.

Institutional representatives who form the Committee of RBSE are integrated at every step, from the creation of the reserve, the Management Committee organization, preparation of the internal regulations and the Action Plan, always in regular meetings and training workshops. There are many themes that allow a more thorough approach for each of the institutions, taking advantage of the network of contacts and gained experience. For example: traditional peoples and discussions on human rights, conflict mapping, food security, agriculture, culture, traditional knowledge, indigenous education, education in the countryside, land reform and land demarcation.

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ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Whenever possible, it is essential to establish connections with other discussion forums, such as advice of Conservation Units, the river basin committees, environmental licensing, collegiate academic congresses, conferences, meetings of trade unions, environmental cooperatives of producers among others. Such connections are suitable to avoid overlapping of competence and increase the level of information and contacts.

7.6 Update on management and coordination structure:

7.6.1 Describe any changes regarding administrative authorities that have competence for each zone of the Biosphere Reserve (core area(s), buffer zone(s) and transition area(s))?

Upon recognition by UNESCO in 2005, the RBSE received the attention of the Government of the State of Minas Gerais. Through a Decree Law in 2006, it delegated the function of advising the Managing Committee to the State Department of Environment and Sustainable Development (SEMAD), through the State Forest Institute (IEF).

According to the Decree (State law), the IEF is responsible for institutional and administrative support to ensure the full functioning of the Managing Committee, as well as the reimbursement of costs by its members according to related laws. This advisory was quite consistent in the early years, when the IEF itself took over the coordination of the Committee along with two NGOs that occupied the Vice-Coordination and the Executive Secretariat. However, the support was reduced as the offices of the State Government changed after State elections.

New Government managers require a long relationship for leveling of the actions in the context of RBSE with the priorities and policies of a new Government. With a new composition of Executive State positions, the Government agenda and its emergency attributions did not include the MaB Program and the Biosphere Reserves. In the second administration of the Committee, the state and federal governments were definitely absent, and an NGO, a University and a City represented the Coordination, Vice-Coordination and the Executive Secretariat.

In this new scenario, the works would be the responsibility of a more active and aware group of advisers regarding the purposes of the reserve, who continued articulating alternative paths for the maintenance of the Managing Committee and the drafting of an Action Plan. The installation of a Coordination Office in PUC Minas had the direct support from the Dean and the Coordination of the Biology Course and some partners of the University itself, such as the State Department for Science and Technology (SECT).

The RBSE coordination has a physical structure with office equipment and scholarship students who shared the workload between their research projects and support to the Committee. The actions were coordinated by volunteers of the NGO Cultural Ecological Association Lagoa do Nado, the Biodivesitas Foundation, Terra Brasilis Institute and the Cidade Institute, all with representation on the Committee and the Executive Secretariat. They received technical support from the city of Ouro Preto, also represented on the Managing Committee of the RBSE.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 7.6.2 Update information about the manager(s)/coordinator(s) of the Biosphere Reserve including designation procedures.

According to the bylaws, the Coordination, Vice-Coordination and the Deputy Executive Secretary of the RBSE State Committee are elected by the plenary session of the Managing Committee and have the following attributions: • Defend the objectives, principles and tasks of RBSE and represent the Committee; • Summon Committee meetings and state the issues involved; • Guide the works, coordinate meetings and, whenever necessary, the casting vote; • Forward the vote of submission to the Committee's decision; • Sign the Minutes approved at meetings; • Dispatch the files of the Committee; • Subscribe to the deliberations of the Committee; • Guide meetings or suspend them whenever necessary; • Uphold the current Bylaws; • Represent the RBSE, passively, in court or off court; • Delegate functions within their competence.

• Prepare the agenda of meetings and their topics; • Write the minutes and other documents designed by the RBSE Committee; • Follow the projects within the framework of RBSE; • Ensure and coordinate the technical-scientific, logistic and financial support for CERBSE; • Implement the deliberations of the CERBSE; • Support actions and encourage the Joint Reserve Management System; • Organize the documentation, ensure the technical-scientific and managerial memory and serve as its reference center; • Promote programs and projects and subsidize public policies according to the strategies and priorities set by the CERBSE; • Disseminate the principles, projects and activities.

Equally to all members of the Committee, the office term of coordination will be two (2) years, reappointment allowed.

Currently, the composition is therefore defined after the Ordinary Assembly on December 11, 2014, for the election and held by directors: • Coordination: Prof. Miguel Ângelo Andrade - Delegate of the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais. miguel.andrade.bio@gmail.com or rbse@gmail.com 269

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Vice-Coordination: Cássio Soares Martins - Biodiversitas Foundation NGO representative. cassio@biodiversitas.org.br or rbse@gmail.com • Executive Secretary: Sérgio Augusto Domingues – Representative of the NGO Lagoa do Nado Cultural Association sergioguto@gmail.com or rbse@gmail.com

7.6.3 Are there any changes with regard to the coordination structure of the Biosphere Reserve?

Although the Committee, its Coordination and Executive Secretariat still require the undertakings given by the State Government, currently the alternatives allow a better balance and certain autonomy for the management of the RBSE. The various workshops promoted within the framework of the Committee allowed the career professional representatives of the Executive Power performing technical functions to be more familiar with the reference documents of the MaB Program, thus avoiding political discontinuity that is very common in the transitions between Governments after elections.

7.6.4 How has the management/coordination been adapted to the local situation?

From a movement started on civil society after a period of presentation of ideas, discussions, studies and events, there were made articulations with the State Department for Environment and Sustainable Development (SEMAD) and the State Forest Institute (IEF). They aimed at identifying the main possibilities of partnerships with institutions that develop activities in the territory of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve, as well as those with a more active role in drafting the proposal for its creation. In this way, there were built the foundations for the formation of a Managing Committee, which has 28 representations according to State Decree, but currently with 21 active representatives of civil society institutions and Governments.

The technical and logistical support for the management of RBSE has been established by contributions depending on the nature of each institution in the Committee, whether it is the Government, nongovernmental sector, the productive sector, universities or local communities. The proposals occur through a strategic action plan built on participation. The main objective of the plan is the strengthening of collective capabilities with formation of a cooperation network among the participating institutions and other stakeholders in the process.

7.6.5 Was the effectiveness of the management/coordination evaluated? If yes, was it according to a procedure?

Committee history The Managing Committee has representations of the Federal, State and Municipal Governments, universities, the productive sector, non-governmental organizations and traditional populations. The Federal Government is represented by the environmental agency, with collaboration emphasizing on policies for Conservation Units and biodiversity programs.

The State Government also has representation on the environmental agenda by collaborating with greater intensity in the specific actions of the Core Zones, environmental monitoring and surveillance. It is worth highlighting the activities of the Culture Department in matters related to the inventory of material and immaterial heritage of the territory. The participation of five municipal administrations representing the 270

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) South, Central and Northern potions of the Espinhaรงo Range collaborate irregularly, always depending on the political situation of managers and the level of interest. Nevertheless, whenever it is possible to establish partnerships with municipal public administrations, the results are very significant.

Of the three universities, only one has a more regular activity on the Committee, including taking over the coordination and good part of organizational initiatives. In some cases, the Committee was successful with departments of some universities for projects and one-off collaborations. The three NGOs remain active on the Committee and are largely responsible for the maintenance of Administration and Finances of RBSE, including paying for the preparation costs of this revisional document.

Some institutions were not interested and became inactive in the Managing Committee as shown below:

Representation on the Committee by sector according to the Decree-2006

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Federal Government State Government Municipal Governments Universities Productive Sector NGOs Tradicional Population Active representations in the Committee by sector - 2015

1

2

3

4

5

6

Federal Government State Government Municipal Governments Universities Productive Sector NGOs Tradicional Population

IMAGE 89: INSTITUTIONAL REPRESENTATION IN THE STATE COMMITTEE OF RBSE IN 2006 AND 2015.

In a first assessment, it is possible to see the need for replacement and addition of new institutions within the framework of the Managing Committee. Many institutions with specific activities within the territory of the Espinhaรงo Range already have shown interest in this sense.

Another important issue in the evaluation process of the Committee and the Coordination is the need for expanding the knowledge of the directors on the reference documents of the MaB-UNESCO Program.

Although there are many workshops for this purpose, this process must be continuous in order to make the most of the tools and opportunities available by the program.

It is worth to stress the need to disseminate the purposes of Biosphere Reserve in the Brazilian territory, seeking to identify new partners, recognizing and integrating actions under development.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 7.7 Update on the management/cooperation plan/policy:

7.7.1 Are there any changes with regard to the management/cooperation plan/policy and the stakeholders involved? If yes, provide detailed information on process for involvement of stakeholders, adoption and revision of the plan.

Yes. During the year of 2010, we conducted a set of Planning workshops in addition to business meetings with the representatives of 15 institutions of State Committee of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve for structuring the Action Plan 2011-2013. The Action Plan served as a "Protocol" of communication among the directors, facilitating the organization of information, mobilization of efforts and fundraising to comply with the guidelines established in the framework of the MaB-UNESCO. Workshop objectives: • Enable the directors of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve a pause to think about the meaning of the program MaB UNESCO. • Promote dynamics about thinking before acting; • Promote the sense of connection and belonging to the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve for the participants; • Improve the quality in the relationship, stimulating cooperative work; • Map opportunities and needs for improvements; • Discuss the priorities in case management of RBSE; • Strategically organize a set of actions for the management of RBSE during the triennium 2011-2013.

With the aim of enforcing the premises of Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve – RBSE and the guidelines of the MaB, directing efforts (capture and application of resources, activities and support) for its management, the Action Plan of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (2015-2016), revised from the first Action Plan (2011-2013) contains five main objectives: -Promote the conservation function of RBSE; -Promote the development function of RBSE; -Promote the function of logistic support – scientific and traditional knowledge of the RBSE; -Facilitate the management of the RBSE Committee; -Promote the communication and marketing of the RBSE. This Action Plan was designed as a result of two workshops (National Park of Serra do Cipó and in Belo Horizonte) involving representatives from various sectors: municipal, state and federal public sectors, civil society: universities, sectors of mining, forestry, agriculture, associations, cultural associations, nongovernmental organizations and representatives of traditional peoples.

For each objective, there were established main actions listed according to their degree of priority (high, medium, low). It is understood that the low level of priority does not mean that it is a disposable action. It means that, in a chronological order, this action has no urgency as the others. After the definition of the targets and priorities, thematic works groups were created for the assessment of co-responsibility and independence in the Managing Committee.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 7.7.2 Describe contents of the management/cooperation plan (provide some examples of measures and guidelines). Is the plan binding? Is it based on consensus?

For the first phase of the action plan (2011-2013), there was a planning method named TEVEP, which is a combination of Time/Event/Space/People. This methodology has facilitated the organization of information for obtaining consensus among the participants. The Action Plan is an official document and guide to the Managing Committee, defining not only the priorities but also the opportunities for cooperation projects between institutions with representation on the Committee and other activities in the Brazilian territory.

In the second phase (2014-2016), the Action Plan was updated in two workshops. The actions with special attention dealt with the following themes: water; biodiversity (Rupestrian Fields); Culture; Mining; Urbanization; Agrosylvopastoral. From the first meeting, an action portfolio was defined for the formation of working groups.

7.7.3 Describe the role of the authorities in charge of the implementation of the plan. Describe institutional changes since the nomination form/last periodic review report. Please provide evidence of the role of these authorities.

After the elaboration of the general structure of the plan with the five objectives related to the functions of a Biosphere Reserve, the actions were prioritized. The institutions undertook actions in their specialty field. There was an elaborate spreadsheet functioning as a protocol detailing the actions, identifying the main activities specific to each institution, expected results, means of verification, other partners involved, resources and schedule. The evidence of the role of the authorities in the implementation of the plan will be the organization of projects to be performed for each action. At this point, the definition of the projects is still ongoing, but some points can be highlighted: • In protected areas: management plan proposals in progress.

• Water quality monitoring: activities performed regularly.

• Endangered species: endangered species action plans being performed.

• Platform for discussion with the mineral sector: Working Group on activity.

• Protected cultural heritage: World Heritage list ever built.

• Environmental education network: "messengers of water" and socio-environmental and Cultural Network of Parauninha.

• Communication Plan: running projects on social networks.

7.7.4 Indicate how the management plan addresses the objectives of the Biosphere Reserve.

According to the revision of the Action Plan 2015-2016, the goals and actions sorted by priorities are:

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Goal 1 - Promote the conservation function of RBSE: High priority: • Encouraging the implementation of Conservation Units already established; • Update zoning of RBSE with the recognition of new protected areas; • Induce and support the recognition and implementation of the CUs mosaics in the RBSE-Mosaic: Jequitinhonha Espinhaço-Cabral, vine-Intendant and Iron Quadrangle; • Perform technical-scientific discussions to define the condition of high-altitude grassland biome; • Deploying an information system, management and monitoring of water quality in the basins Range Espinhaço Biosphere Reserve; • Stimulate recovery projects of water resources of the river basins of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve.

Medium priority: • Stimulate the creation of new protected areas; • Support and promote the expansion of Core Areas; • Inventory project initiatives related to sustainable use of natural resources.

Low priority: • Identify projects in the area of environmental recovery and preventing and combating forest fires; • Map the distribution of the endangered and invasive species within the RBSE; • Identify and disseminate connectivity programs and mosaic of protected areas;

Goal 2 - promote the development function of RBSE: High priority: • Design the map of soil use and occupation-inventory of productive activities: mining; industry; agrosylvopastoral; family agriculture; electric power generation plants; among others.

Medium priority: • Develop a platform of discussion and disseminate good practices for the mineral sector; • Inventory of good practices for land use; • Recognize and promote the traditional knowledge and practices; • Monitor the implementation of investments of resources in CUs entered in the RBSE; • Map the distribution of protected cultural heritage, tangible and intangible, in the framework of RBSE. Low priority: • Stimulate projects to payments for environmental services in RBSE; • Create the label for marketing products of the Espinhaço; 274

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Establish recognized tourist circuits within the RBSE for integration.

Goal 3 - Promote the function of logistic support-scientific knowledge and traditional knowledge in RBSE: High priority: • Articulate environmental and patrimonial education network in range of the community as a whole; • Stimulate capacity-building projects and training of employees of CUs in the RBSE; • Identifying leaders of communities and traditional populations; • Identify councils of culture, environment, CUs and others in the municipalities of RBSE to diversify the roles and actions of RBSE; • Structure a geo-referenced database of images, articles and theses.

Medium priority: Promote social-environmental monitoring in the RBSE territory; Promote discussion on the integration of the different territorial management instruments within the RBSE (river basins; plans; ZEE; tourist development plans; geo-park; UCS; Royal Road; Priority Areas, etc.).

Low priority: • Support the creation of territorial management school in the RBSE-Conceição do Mato Dentro;

Goal 4 - Facilitate the management of the RBSE Committee; High priority: • Discuss the process of creating the company of RBSE friends for obtain and manage financial resources; • Map of actions in progress on and about the RBSE with definition of forms and monitoring targets and support; • Participate in the creation of Biosphere Reserve Alliance of Brazil; Medium priority: • Review the internal regulations of the CERBSE Decree (s); • Consolidate and maintain the necessary structure for operation of RBSE offices; • Check the feasibility of the creation of inter-municipal consortium for shared management in the territories of RBSE. Low priority: • Design a business plan with emphasis in productive arrangements for products with the Espinhaço brand; • Promote agendas for specific discussion with UNESCO, Minas Gerais Government, Federal Government, Cities, NGOs, companies, managers of CUs, universities and other RBs; 275

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) • Fundraise for RBSE with UNESCO, Federal, State, Municipal governments, the private sector and other institutions; • Perform the continuous monitoring of the RBSE Action Plan with assessment of efficiency; • Monitor the business and cooperation plans; • Monitor the Marketing and communication plan; • Recognize and support the implementation of Outposts of RBSE.

Goal 5 - promote communication and marketing of the RBSE High priority: • Register the logo of RBSE; • Update the Marketing and communication plan; • Create a visual identity for the communication material; • Develop printed information material (institutional); • Publish newsletters; • Define the day of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve; • Establish the Danielle Mitterrand Award; • Produce and publish the book of RBSE; • Organize a team of media and public relations; • Create and maintain the RBSE portal on the internet; • Perform the Espinhaço Expedition; • Promote and hold courses, forums, congresses, seminars and workshops of art, education, culture and environment; • Identify opportunities for disseminate the RBSE (events, seminars, lectures, etc).

Low priority: • Promote the exchange with the network of national and international reserves.

7.7.5 What are the progresses with regard to the guidelines of the management/cooperation plan/policy?

This is an important topic facing us to the commitments undertaken with UNESCO. As a link in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, approaching the guidelines suggested by the MaB Program not only required to know them, but also following and promoting national, regional and international exchanges on how to put them into practice.

With the constant efforts of many members of the Committee and many other partners, it was possible to attend the meetings, congresses, seminars and reunions proposed by the UNESCO headquarters in Paris, the Group of Ibero-MaB, the Office of Montevideo and the Brazilian network.

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ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Seeking to establish good connections with other reserves and improve the knowledge of the directors, the RBSE Committee was also host to two international meetings on related topics. Ecosystem services and natural resource extraction are being treated as transversal axes in political discussions and proposals for cooperation.

Below is the timeline that features the RBSE participation in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

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IMAGE 90: RBSE TIMELINE IN THE WORLD NETWORK OF BIOSPHERE RESERVES.

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) 7.7.6 Were there any factors and/or changes that impeded or helped with the implementation of the management/coordination plan/policy? (Reluctance of local people, conflicts between different levels of decision-making).

The main factors that have prevented the implementation of actions: • Lack of financial resources; • Governmental changes; • Lack of institutional support by COBRAMAB. The main factors that helped the implementation of actions: • Mobilization of civil society.

• Profile of the representatives of the institutions in the Managing Committee.

• Support of NGOs and Universities.

• Availability of UNESCO's Regional Office in Montevideo.

• Availability of interlocution with the UNESCO headquarters in Paris.

• Alliance with other Biosphere Reserves.

• Method applied in designing the Action Plan.

7.7.7 If applicable, how is the biosphere integrated in regional/national strategies? Vice versa, how are the local/municipal plans integrated in the planning of the Biosphere Reserve?

In Brazil, the Biosphere Reserves are little known by government managers, who often interpret it as a unit of conservation of sustainable use. The Brazilian Law on the subject guides to the references of the MAB Program, preventing the Biosphere Reserves to be fully understood and considered in the planning of public policy strategies.

Another important issue concerns the difficulty of public managers to undertake integrated management to a given territory. It is common to occur overlapping planning without the proper connections. CUs management plans, Watershed Plans, City Plans and Economic Development Plans need to find convergences for greater efficiency in the use of public resources.

In this context, the Action Plan of the RBSE seeks to observe the connection opportunities and align their goals to the main national and regional strategies.

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Fotos: Miguel Andrade©

8. CRITERIA AND PROGRESS MADE

8. CRITERIA AND PROGRESS MADE Brief justification of the way in which the Biosphere Reserve fulfills each criteria of article 4 of the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves:

1. " Encompass a mosaic of ecological systems representative of major biogeographic region(s), including a gradation of human interventions ".

The Biosphere Reserve is a great ecological corridor, setting a system of and provider of ecosystem environment services. The Biosphere Reserve comprises two important Brazilian biomes: the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, considered the only two hotspots in Brazil (MEYERS, 2000). To the North, the region of the Espinhaço Range makes contact with the Caatinga Biome. It is worth mentioning the importance of the Rupestrian Fields such as the Cerrado, while conservation target and endangered site, it stands out in the Biosphere Reserve. The Espinhaço Range was considered as a SPECIAL category in two workshops on priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Minas Gerais (1998 and 2004), performed by the Biodiversitas Foundation and Conservation International. Of the 538 endangered plant species in Minas Gerais, 81 species are in the Atlantic Forest, 19 in the Caatinga, 73 in the Cerrado and 67% or 351 species occur in Rupestrian Fields. In this context, including the Core Zones (UC Full protection), we have in the RBSE increased human settlement processes, implementation of occupation zones and large-scale enterprises, especially mining and forestry. Therefore, having strong policies and plans for the conservation and development of this vast territory should be guided by units of territorial planning like the Irreplaceable Areas of the Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais Ecological Economic Zoning, Plans of River 280

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Basins and the Environmental and Local Productive Zoning. There are also Municipal Plans and the management plans of Conservation Units (Management Plan of Protect Areas – PA). Especially, the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve must be taken for the definition of sharing management instruments, as well as the processes for discussion on the deployment of high-impact projects in the territory, presented in the context of RBSE. It also includes countervailing measures and development plans, according to the objectives and guidance documents from the MaB for the development of their functions.

2. "Be of Significance for biological diversity conservation".

As conservation, the Espinhaço Range has been recommended as a priority area for conservation of natural resources. Developed for all Brazilian biomes within the PRONABIO by the Ministry of Environment, studies have indicated more than 300 priority areas across the country. The work showed the "priority actions for biodiversity conservation of the Cerrado and Pantanal" (MMA, et al. 1999), coordinated by Funatura, Conservation International-CI and Biodiversitas Foundation, focused on several areas in the Espinhaço Range, such as the Diamantina and Serra do Cipó. Similarly, the "evaluation and priority actions for biodiversity conservation of the Atlantic Forest and Southern Fields" (CI et al. 2000), coordinated by the Biodiversitas Foundation, CI and the SOS Mata Atlântica Foundation, include areas of the East side of the Espinhaço Range as priorities for conservation. Among them, we highlight the region of Ouro Preto and the Serra do Caraça in Minas Gerais and the region of Lençóis/Andaraí and Pico do Barbado in Bahia, all considered being of utmost importance. More detailed studies of the region performed by the workshop defined the priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Minas Gerais (COSTA et al. 1998 and DRUMMOND et al. 2005), with the coordination by the Biodiversitas Foundation, Conservation International and SEMAD. They granted the Espinhaço Range the status of special importance, because it is a unique environment in the state and by the large number of endemics there. The special features of the Espinhaço Range were also recognized by global studies to identify priorities for conservation, and the range was framed in the centers of Plant Diversity of the WWF/IUCN (DAVIS et al. 1997), on the list of World Wildlife Fund's Global 2000 (WWF, 1997) and in the areas of endemism of EBAs birds, BirdLife International (STATTERSFIELD et al. 1998). In it landscape, the Espinhaço Range has a set consisting of mountains to the South, isolated outcrops of large dimensions among them, the Serra do Caraça, Serra do Itacolomi, Serra de Ouro Branco and the Serra da Piedade and to the North, the Serra do Itambé, Serra do Cabral, Serra do Cipó and Serra do Intendente (SEMAD, 2005 – RECOGNITION OF RBSE DOCUMENT).

Inserted in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes (only Hotspots of Brazil), the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve also makes contact with the Caatinga biome at its North face, which shows its strategic location as a planning region for the conservation of natural resources. In addition, the RBSE is also home to significant portions of the Rupestrian Fields, which stand out as targets for conservation due to their wealth of endemic and endangered species.

Some of the most effective strategies for the conservation of natural resources within the Biosphere Reserve of Brazil concern the increase in Conservation Units in Conservation Units, ensuring the development of conservation function. These areas have an important role to society, especially about provision of environmental services and contribution to sustainable development, articulated with logistics and development functions.

Whereas the number of existing Conservation Units in RBSE by the year 2005, it is observed that in the last 10 years there was a significant increase of protected areas. There had been created 36 new Conservation Units until 2015, an increase of more than 60,000 acres in Conservation Units of full protection, reconfiguring the Core Areas of the Biosphere Reserve.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) In addition to the increase of CUs in preserved areas, it should be noted that there was also a significant step forward with regard to their deployment, as it can be verified by analysis of their respective Quality Factors (Ecologic ICMS). These are indicators that evaluate numerous parameters (management plan, infrastructure, human resources, advisory councils, etc.) associated with the management of CUs. In this sense, considering the high score of 1.0, it was found that the evolution of this index was 0.35 points in 2007 and 0.5 points in 2014, which was the general average of the CUs in the RBSE. From the perspective of integrated management, one should highlight the formation of a mosaic of Conservation Units in Brazil: Alto Jequitinhonha-Serra do Cabral, which optimize effective capacity of the proposed goals for conservation of the region. Nowadays, the strategy of the RBSE Action Plan lies in decentralization of management in different locations in the Biosphere Reserve, including the sub-regions of South Espinhaço and the Iron Quadrangle.

The initiatives performed by the Conservation Units are also associated with a number of National Action plans for the conservation of endangered species or speleological heritage (PAN) that have interfaces with RBSE. In this context, there are in progress 15 PANs, two of them featuring the Espinhaço as featured, the PAN for conservation of Herpetofauna of the Espinhaço Range and the PAN of Southern Espinhaço, the latter still under development.

Finally, we also highlight that the Biosphere Reserve provides water to the largest watersheds in the State of Minas Gerais and is extremely relevant for the conservation of biodiversity in the RBSE, as well as for social and economic development. This asset is perhaps one of the most important attributes in RBSE. Currently, the monitoring of water quality in RBSE is performed by 62 stations distributed in the basins of the rivers Rio das Velhas, Paraopeba, Doce and Jequitinhonha. In relation to the water quality index (WQI), we observed that over the years the average or regular condition has been present in RBSE. Compared to the last two years, there has been improvement of water quality, since there was an increase in the occurrence of good quality water. In relation to toxic contaminants (CT), the predominance of the results in the Low CT range in the RBSE, which demonstrates an improvement in the protection of water resources.

It is noteworthy that efforts for strategic decision-making for conservation in RBSE are linked to the understanding of this territory for its planning and integration, with agreements and strengthening of governance in RBSE.

3. "Provide an opportunity to explore and demonstrate approaches to sustainable development on a regional scale" (Including examples or learning experiences from putting sustainable development into practice)

The Biosphere Reserve in its zoning, according to item 5 below, is shown by regional and geographic identities, namely the Iron Quadrangle, located to the South, South Espinhaço, the Center and Diamantino, North Espinhaço. This regionalization holds characteristics comprising, in different times and places, from ancient history to the latest territory. Therefore, in their Core Areas, there are demonstration spaces for research and education and their attracting role for tourism as possibilities. In this perspective, the mosaics of protected areas, with their councils and regional approach strengthen with other aspects of promoting sustainable development.

4.

"Have an appropriate size to serve the three functions of Biosphere Reserves".

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ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) For the service to milestones and legislation, as well as to the promotion of the management of the territory of 3210903.3 hectares of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve, there are considered aspects of use and occupation of the soil. In a historical perspective, it considers the Neolithic occupation, archaeological sites, indigenous occupations, the major economic cycles (gold, diamond, iron and steel industry), cultural issues, environmental conservation and tourism. The axis occupation and conservation of natural and manmade aspects are clearly established, either by the processes of tourism, traditional cultures exponents (Quilombola and indigenous peoples), culinary aspects, the distribution of biomes and species, mining and urban territories, besides Conservation Units already established. In this way, this mosaic of attributes consists, in its entirety the larger identity of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve, in an integrated manner, with its shortcomings and potentials of themes for development, conservation and promotion of scientific and traditional knowledge.

5.

Appropriate zonation to serve the three functions:

The zoning of the Biosphere Reserve includes, in its main criteria for evaluation and monitoring of actions in the area of RBSE, thus integrating the three functions: -Geomorphological, geological and bio-geographical units of the Espinhaรงo Range; -Established integral protection units of conservation and sustainable use; -Buffer Zones of Conservation Units established; -Available scientific Data and research; -Distribution of Primitive Fields; -Joint policy and municipal boundaries; -Basins; -Buffer of the Permanent preservation areas; -Mining Ventures and municipal offices; -Priority areas for conservation of biodiversity of Minas Gerais; -Logistical support; -Traditional cultures; -The possibility of expansion of RBSE, throughout its region of bio-geographic identity, as well as the connection with other RB (for example RB of the Atlantic forest and Caatinga RB).

Core areas of RBSE: total area of 3210903.3 hectares. Consisting of 30 full protection Conservation Units, with an increase of eight Conservation Units of integral protection since 2005, i.e. from 261,085.33 acres to 322,040.2 hectares in 2015, with the expansion of 60,954.87 hectares of its full protection area. We do not include here the Natural Monuments, although they are part of the integral protection of CUs, they have a particularity of the particular domain. The natural monuments are targets of demarcation for the Buffer Zone of the RBSE. The buffer zone: total area of 2,170,513.80 acres. It was created from the distribution of Rupestrian Fields, the delimitation of the major river basins and their areas of Permanent Protection of watercourses, mainly the largest of the fourth-order; the distribution of priority areas for conservation of biodiversity of Minas Gerais (DRUMMOND et al. 2005); the historic towns; by the occurrence of areas of great scenic 283

ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) beauty and geological monuments; damping zones of UC Full protection and distribution of 92 CU for sustainable use.

Transition Zone: total area - 718,349.30 hectares. It is composed mainly of places of occurrence of large human settlements, and priority areas for the conservation of lesser relevance.

6. "Organizational arrangements should be provided for the involvement and participation of a suitable range of inter alia public authorities, local communities and private interests in the design and the carrying out of the functions of the Biosphere Reserve".

The participation of various segments in the processes of Reserve Management can be guaranteed for the development of their functions, as follows: -Through the State Decree for creation of the State Committee of the Biosphere Reserve, Decree Number 44281/2006 of 4/25/2006, and guided by Internal Regulations (ANNEX XI) in force, with the representation of 28 institutions, which are representative of the private sector, Governments, NGOs, universities, traditional communities and Conservation Unit managers.

-Through the representations in advisory boards of Conservation Units in the Biosphere Reserve (Core Areas); -Ordinary and extraordinary Assemblies, with Committee members and guests; -With the encouragement of the development and participation of events, publications and demonstration projects in the territory; -Through cooperation among several actors and processes, already stated in this document; -Through communication networks, are publications, emails, blog, Facebook, among others.

7.

Mechanisms for implementation:

a) Mechanisms to manage human use and activities. b) Management policy or plan. c) Authority or mechanism to implement this policy or plan. d) Programs for research, monitoring, education and training.

For the implementation of actions, the State Committee of RBSE has as the guidelines of the MaB, directing efforts (capture and application of resources, activities and support) for its management, the Action Plan of the Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (2015-2016) revised from the first Action Plan (2011-2013).

The processes for meta-assessment of plans and the implementation of the goals presented in section 2.3.1 of this report must be seen in an integrated and complementary way, whereas the functions and objectives of the RBSE. And yet, the guarantee of the development of the actions proposed must rely on institutional cooperation, the responsibilities of financial investments and logistic support, as stated in the Decree of the State Committee of RBSE (responsibility of the IEF), and with the direct support of the COBRAMAB and Unesco.

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ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Does the Biosphere Reserve have cooperative activities with other Biosphere Reserves (exchanges of information and staff, joint programs, etc.)?

At the national level: There is cooperation among the Biosphere Reserves of the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Central Amazonia.

There are punctual and ongoing actions supporting the structuring and revision of Action Plans, participation and organization of events, discussions on management and governance processes.

At the regional level: There is no regional-level cooperation with other Biosphere Reserves.

Through twinning and/or transboundary Biosphere Reserves: There is no regional-level cooperation with other Biosphere Reserves.

Within the World Network: Within the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, the cooperation with the IberoMaB, in particular for discussion and implementation of the international mining and GT good practices in territories of Biosphere Reserves, held in Paris in 2011 and in Belo Horizonte in 2013, guided the creation of an International Work Force Group for discussion and document formatting of references on this topic.

Obstacles encountered, measures to be taken and, if appropriate, assistance expected from the Secretariat: The difficulties encountered include: -Neglecting by organs and committees of Federal and State decision, not summoning the Biosphere Reserve Managing Committee for review and decision on the environmental licensing processes of high-impact projects; -Lack of financial resources for the implementation of actions in the action plan of the Biosphere Reserve; -The State Government assumes the Biosphere Reserve as a strategic planning unit to convergence with other conservation and development plans in the State, as well as having a Biosphere Reserve and its Action Plan as structuring and priority project.

-Need for more interaction with the COBRAMAB and with assurances of financial and logistical support; -Creation of mosaics of Conservation Units and thus promoting the decentralization and regionalization of the RBSE management.

-Broaden the processes of communication throughout the Biosphere Reserve, especially with IDs in the territory, whether through indicative boards and information booths on protected areas

Main objectives of the Biosphere Reserve: Describe the main objectives of the Biosphere Reserve, integrating the three functions and the sustainable development objectives for the coming years. a. The goal is to perform continuous monitoring of the Action Plan of the Biosphere Reserve, aligned to MaB-Unesco guidelines and reference documents; b. Expand efforts to have the Biosphere Reserve as a Territorial Priority Planning Unit in Minas Gerais;

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ESPINHAĂ&#x2021;O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) c. Enhance the institutional and technical exchanges with other Biosphere Reserves, contributing with the international world network of Biosphere Reserves; d. Review the limits of the Biosphere Reserve, expanding its territory and institutional mobilization processes, for greater effectiveness in the process of participatory management and local support for the implementation of its Action Plan; e. Expand the Conservation Units and support the shared management and cooperative policy between the protected areas, through the mosaic of Conservation Units of the Espinhaço; f. Foster the discussion of good practices of enterprises in the Biosphere Reserve; g. Participate actively in the discussion of the process for environmental licensing of greater impact within the Biosphere Reserve. h. Promote inclusion of women and young people in the process of management of the Biosphere Reserve. i. Support conservation of Irreplaceable Areas of the Biosphere, and the conservation of high-altitude grassland. j. Seek financial maintenance measures of projects and programs for the Biosphere Reserve. k. Spread the Biosphere Reserve, as well as its attributes, recognizing best practices in the territory and potential improvements. l. Organize a database and sources to provide interpretation and management tools in the territory, considering the main risks and potential of the region. m. Broaden the participation of institutions from various sectors of society in the Managing Committee of the Biosphere Reserve.

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Foto: Miguel Andrade©

9. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

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9 SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS: (1) Updated location and zonation map with coordinates (ANEXO XII)

(2) Updated vegetation map or land cover map (ANEXO XIII)

(3) Updated list of legal documents (if possible with English, French or Spanish synthesis of its contents and a translation of its most relevant provisions) (ANEXO XIV)

(4) Updated list of land use and management/cooperation plans -New Geo-forest Code of Minas Gerais: law nº 20,922, 2013 – replaces a historical law, law No. 14,309, 2002, which, since its establishment, from 1999, involved collections of suggestions, discussions with all interested social segments for the creation of alternatives and adoption of new concepts. All this has influenced the drafting of legislation in the sphere of the Union to revise the forest code, of 1965, and reissue the federal law. The drafting of the forestry law of Mines aimed at the adequacy of State legislation to new rules and parameters established in the forestry law, approved in may federal 2012, beyond the rules of articles of the Constitution of the State of Minas Gerais relating to environmental issues.

By tradition, however, the forestry law of Minas Gerais comes in addition to forestry policy, biodiversity protection of the State, which includes, therefore, the State System of Conservation Units. The Minas Gerais forestry law – Law 20,922, December 16, 2013-brings rules that correspond to two federal laws: the federal Forest Law, also called the New Brazilian Forest Code (Federal Law No. 12,651, May 25, 2012); and the National System of Conservation Units (Snuc) – (Federal Law No. 9,985, July 18, 2000). The Federal Forest Law created two very important instruments for the environmental regularization of properties or rural possessions: the Rural Environmental Record – CAR – and the Environmental recovery program-to. Link: http://www.siam.mg.gov.br/sla/download.pdf?idNorma=30375 - Ecological economic zoning of the State of Minas Gerais-ZEE-MG, 2008: consists of the preparation of a diagnosis of geo-biophysical means and socio-economic-institutional law, generating respectively two letters, the letter of Environmental Vulnerability and the Social Capability, which overlap will devise areas with specific characteristics, determining the ecologic-economic zoning of the State. The ZEE-MG has the coordination of the State Secretariat of environment and sustainable development, participation of all the Secretaries of State, of other entities and civil society; Link: http://www.zee.mg.gov.br/ -Water Resource Plans in the State of Minas Gerais: water resources plans developed in two levels: State water resources Plan (PERH-MG) and Plans for water resources of river basins (PDRH's). The PDRH's shall be drawn up in accordance with the PERH-MG and establish guidelines for the implementation of other management tools, such as the right of use of water resources, framing of bodies of water and charging for the use of water resources, among others, in catchment areas.

Link: http://www.igam.mg.gov.br/gestao-das-aguas/plano-de-recursos-hidricos; http://portalinfohidro.igam.mg.gov.br/planos-diretores

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- Biodiversity in Minas Gerais: an atlas for its conservation, 2005: study of the priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Minas Gerais, the work already performed in 1998, approved by COPAMState Council for Environmental Policy-according to the Normative Resolution 55 of June 13, 2002, which meant the recognition of information contained in the Atlas as a basic instrument for the formulation of State policies. Link: http://www.biodiversitas.org.br/atlas/ - National action plan for conservation of the herpeto-fauna of the Espinhaรงo Range, 2011: aims to increase the knowledge of the focused species and implement measures to encourage their conservation and their habitats, in five years. The PAN is composed of a general objective, specific objectives and 10 65 actions, whose coordination will fit the National Center for research and conservation of reptiles and amphibians-RAN, with supervision of the general coordination for Conservation management. Link: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/biodiversidade/fauna-brasileira/plano-de-acao/2465-plano-deacao-nacional-para-conservacao-da-herpetofauna-da-serra-do-espinhaco.html - Regional Strategic Plans around Large Mining Projects in the Middle Espinhaรงo, 2014: the region of the Middle Espinhaรงo is a receptor of some investments characterized by enterprises of the mining sector. The investments in question, since they promote significant changes in the regional economic and socialenvironmental dynamics. Thus, it is essential that the municipalities and the Middle Espinhaรงo society be prepared for the new context. It is a region with several reservations and extremely important ecological wealth, which deserve our attention because they are strategic for the inclusive development and aims at 289

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) the quality of life of their communities. Because of these large enterprises, the regional planning is defined as a tool capable of providing the region a development agenda, with guidelines for a better economic and social utilization of the new features. Link: http://www.urbano.mg.gov.br/index.php/parceiro/201404-01-16-59-57/planos-regionais-estrategicos-grandes-empreendimentos/medioespinhaco/documents?view=documents&category_id=35 - Action Plan of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve, 2011-rv2015: during the year of 2010, there was a series of workshops in addition to planning working meetings with the directors of the State Committee of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve, for structuring the Action Plan 2011-2013. The Action plan serves as a "Protocol" of communication between the directors, facilitating the Organization of information, mobilization of efforts and fundraising, to comply with the guidelines established under the program MaB UNESCO. structured from five major goals. The first three relate to the functions of the Biosphere Reserves and the remaining two are aspects that the Committee itself considered relevant to the RBSE: Promote the function of biodiversity conservation, the development function of promoting RBSE logistics support function of RBSE to the Managing Committee of RBSE, Promote communication and Marketing the RBSE (verbal information). Link: http://rbse-unesco.blogspot.com.br/?m=1

(5) Updated species list (ANNEX XV)

(6) Updated list of main bibliographic references (ANNEX VII)

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10. ADRESSES

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10.1 Contact address of the proposed Biosphere Reserve:

Managing Committee: Coordination: Professor Miguel Ângelo Andrade, representative of the Pontifical Catholic University de Minas Gerais miguel.andrade.bio@gmail.com Tel: +55 (31) 87718878.

Vice-Coordination: Cássio Soares Martins - Biodiversitas Foundation NGO Representative cassio@biodiversitas.org.br Tel: +55 (31) 88675808.

Executive Secretary: Sérgio Augusto Domingues - NGO Representative Ecological and Cultural Association Lago do Nado sergioguto@gmail.com Tel: +55 (31) 92467422.

Street or P.O. Box: Avenida Dom José Gaspar, nº500, Prédio 25. Bairro Coração Eucarístico.

City with postal code: Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. ZIP CODE: 30.535-901 Country: Brazil Telephone: +55 (31) 33194157 rbsemg@gmail.com Website: http://rbse-unesco.blogspot.com.br/ https://www.facebook.com/ReservaDaBiosferaDaSerraDoEspinhaco 10.2 Administering entity of the core area(s):

Name: Henri Dubois Collet ou Paulo Scheid Street or P.O. Box: Istituto Estaduial de Florestas - Cidade Administrativa de Minas Gerais, Prédio Minas - 1º Andar Rodovia Prefeito Américo Gianetti, s/n. Bairro Serra Verde City with postal code: Belo Horizonte. Postal code: 31630-900 Country: Brasil Telephone: +55 (31)3915-1384 E-mail: henri.collet@meioambiente.mg.gov.br; paulo.scheid@meioambiente.mg.gov.br 292

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Web Site: http://www.ief.mg.gov.br/

10.3 Administering entity of the buffer zone(s):

Name: Miguel Ângelo Andrade Address: Avenida Dom José Gaspar, nº500, Prédio 25. Bairro Coração Eucarístico.

City with postal code: Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. ZIP CODE: 30.535.901 Country: Brazil Phone: +55 (31) 87718878 or +55 (31) 33194157 Email: miguel.andrade.bio@gmail.com

10.4 Administering entity of the transition area(s):

Name: Miguel Ângelo Andrade Street or P.O. Box: Avenida Dom José Gaspar, nº500, Prédio 25. Bairro Coração Eucarístico.

City with postal code: Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. CEP: 30.535.901 Country: Brazil Telephone: +55 (31) 87718878 ou +55 (31) 33194157 E-mail: miguel.andrade.bio@gmail.com

Administrative details

Country: Brasil Name of BR: Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve Year designated: 2005 Administrative authorities: (7.6) Name Contact (10.1): Miguel Ângelo Andrade Contact address: Avenida Dom José Gaspar, nº500, Prédio 25. Bairro Coração Eucarístico.

City with postal code: Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. CEP: 30.535.901 Country: Brazil Telephone: +55 (31) 87718878 ou +55 (31) 33194157 293

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) E-mail: miguel.andrade.bio@gmail.com ou rbsemg@gmail.com

Related Links (website): • • • • • •

RBSE Blog: http://rbse-unesco.blogspot.com.br.

Facebook da RBSE: https://www.facebook.com/ReservaDaBiosferaDaSerraDoEspinhaco.

RBSE e-mail: rbsemg@gmail.com Portal of social and environmental Network of APA SOUTH RMBH: www.redeapasul.com.br (under maintenance).

Parauninha's social and environmental Network Web site: www.parauninha.org.

Geoenvironmental Atlas of the Biosphere Reserve Range Espinhaçohttp://institutopristino.org.br/atlas/espinhaco/

Description General description: For Brazil, the law n° 9,985, June 18, 2000, regulated by Decree n° 4,340, August 22, 2002, establishes the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) – in his chapter VI deals specifically Biosphere Reserves and its zoning, in respect to the assumptions of the MaB. The attributes and the selected criteria to justify the recognition of the Espinhaço Range as a Biosphere Reserve were organized in accordance with the priorities established by the Statutory Biosphere Reserves Mark, obeying the functions of conservation, sustainable human and economic development and the direct relationship of the conditions of logistical support that the area offers.

As conservation area, the Espinhaço Range has been previously recommended as a priority area for conservation of natural resources. More detailed studies of the region, performed by the workshop that defined the priority areas for biodiversity conservation in Minas Gerais (COSTA et al. 1998 and DRUMMOND et al. 2005), coordinated by Fundação Biodiversitas, Conservation International and SEMAD gave the Espinhaço the status of special importance, for its unique environment in the State and large number of endemics.

The special features of the Espinhaço Range were also recognized by global studies identifying priorities for conservation. The Range was framed in the centers of Plant Diversity of the WWF/IUCN (DAVIS et al.

1997), on the list of World Wildlife Fund's Global 2000 (WWF, 1997) and in the areas of endemism of EBAs birds, BirdLife International (STATTERSFIELD et al. 1998). In its landscape, the Espinhaço Range has a set consisting of mountainous in the South, isolated outcrops of large dimensions, among them, the Serra do Caraça, Serra do Itacolomi, Serra do Ouro Branco and the Serra da Piedade and to the North, the Serra do Itambé, Serra do Cabral, Serra do Cipó and Serra do Intendente.

In summary, the main criteria considered for demarcation of the RBSE area were geological, geomorphological and bio-geographic units of the Espinhaço Range. They also included instituted integral protection units for conservation and sustainable use; Buffer zones for Conservation Units; Available scientific data; Distribution of Primitive Fields; Joint policy and municipal boundaries; River basins; Buffer areas for the Permanent preservation areas; Mining ventures and municipal offices; Priority areas for conservation of biodiversity of Minas Gerais; existing logistics support; Traditional cultures. There was also the possibility of expanding the RBSE and connecting with other RB (for example RB of the Atlantic forest and Caatinga RB).

294

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Major ecosystem type: Campos Rupestres

Major habitats & land cover types: Biomas Mata Atlântica e Cerrado

Bioclimatic zone: Tropical Úmido; Subtropical Úmido; Subtropical Moderado Úmido Location: CARDINAL POINTS Projection - WGS 84

LATITUDE

LONGITUDE

X

Y

CENTRAL POINT

18°51'58.01"S

43°32'52.37"O

652970.28

7913359.73

POINT SITUATED FURTHER NORTH

17°13'51.41"S

44°13'35.74"O

582224.37

8094731.74

POINT SITUATED FURTHER SOUTH

20°45'50.94"S

43°31'55.65"O

652805.46

7703260.13

POINT SITUATED FURTHER WEST

17°41'21.73"S

44°41'6.53"O

533389.15

8044152.99

POINT SITUATED FURTHER EAST

18°14'14.15"S

42°53'54.52"O

722213.57

7982288.42

Total Area (ha): 3210903,3 hectares

Core área(s): Total area - 322.040,20hectares. Consisting of 30 State and federal Conservation Units of full protection.

Buffer zone(s): Total area - 2.170.513,80 hectares. Created from the distribution of Primitive Fields; the delimitation of the major river basins and their areas of Permanent Protection of watercourses, mainly the largest of the fourth-order; the distribution of priority areas for conservation of biodiversity of Minas Gerais (DRUMMOND et al. 2005); the historic towns (except the urban centers); occurrence of areas of great scenic beauty and geological monuments; buffer zones of Full CU protection and the distribution of the CU for sustainable use.

Transition area(s): Total area - 718.349,30hectares. It is composed mainly of places with human settlements.

Different existing zonation: In the stage of updating the Cartographic bases of the core zones, transition and buffer zones, there were some differences over the area. There was the need to redo/correct them, where it was noticed that regarding the buffer and transition zones, there was duplication in the extension of these areas and the consequent overlapping between them, which resulted in attributing the wrong size in both.

The same effect was observed for core and buffer zones, since the value of both areas was duplicated when performing the General calculation of the reserve area. This time, it was necessary to perform the reworking of these three areas, each of which "touches" its adjacent without overlapping as it had previously, resulting in a more accurate calculation, which apparently features a lower extension of the area of the buffer zone in comparison to the 2005 version. It should be noted that this review used the adjustments without changing the external boundaries of the RBSE. Altitudinal range (metres above sea level): Highest altitude: 2,072 metros

295

ESPINHAร O RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Zonation map(s): (see section 2.2.2 e annex XII):

Main objectives of the Biosphere Reserve -promote the conservation function of RBSE; -promote the development function of RBSE; -promote the function of logistic support-scientific knowledge and traditional RBSE; -facilitate the management of the RBSE Committee; -promote the communication and marketing of RBSE.

Research: The Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve has as a fundamental purpose of communication and valorization of scientific and traditional knowledge. The RBSE bank of bibliographical productions has given important subsidies for decision-making. Thus, it aims at the provision of data, technical cooperation and the search and update of bibliographic data to the society.

Monitoring: Continuous monitoring is the subject of strengthening of the RBSE. The action plans constructed with defined and participatory goals, with structured objectives and actions, the beacon of decision-making and the understanding of gaps, potentials and improvement actions. The Action Plan is revised every two years and suited to the Madrid Plan assumptions and respects the realities of the Espinhaรงo Range Biosphere Reserve.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015)

Bibliographical References Almada ED, Coelho MS, Quintino AV, Fernandes GW, Sanchez-Azofeif A (2013) Traditional ecological knowledge of rural communities in areas of seasonally dry tropical forest in Serra do Cipó. In: SanchezAzofeifa A, Powers JS, Fernandes GW, Quesada M (eds) Tropical dry forests in the americas: ecology, conservation, and management, CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 429–451 AS CAMINHANTES DA ESTRADA REAL. Available at: http://www.caminhantesdaestradareal.com.br/ .

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Barbosa NPU, Fernandes GW, Carneiro MAA, Júnior LAC (2010) Distribution of non-native invasive species and soil properties in proximity to paved roads and unpaved roads in a quartzitic mountains grassland of southeastern Brazil (rupestrian fields). Biol Inv 12:3745-3755 BRAZIL FOUNDATION. Associação Cultura e Comunitária Sempre Viva de São Gonçalo. Sem data.

Available at: http://www.brazilfoundation.org/portugues/o-que-fazemos/projetos/cidadania3.php .

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Buchmann, F.S., Carmo, F.F., Jacobi, C.M., Ferreira, V.M.S., Frank, H.T. 2015. Paleotocas desenvolvidas em rochas ferruginosas: importante registro da megafauna no norte de Minas Gerais. In: Carmo, F.F. & Kamino, L.H.Y. (Org.). Geossistemas Ferruginosos do Brasil: áreas prioritárias para conservação da diversidade geológica e biológica, patrimônio cultural e serviços ambientais. 1ed.Belo Horizonte: 3i, 2015, v. 1, p. 149-167.

Caravana das Ciências divulga a biodiversidade do Espinhaço e a importância de sua conservação.

JORNAL DA UFVJM - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - Ano II - Nº 29 Nov/Dez 2009. Available at: http://www.ufvjm.edu.br/resolucoes/doc_view/740]jornal29.html?lang=pt_BR.utf8%2C+pt_BR.UT . Acesso em: 24 ago. 2015 Carmo, F.F. & Jacobi, C.M. 2012. Plantas vasculares sobre cangas. In: Jacobi, C.M.; Carmo, F.F. (Org.).

Diversidade Florística nas Cangas do Quadrilátero Ferrífero. 1ed. Belo Horizonte: IDM Ltda, p. 31-42.

Carmo, F.F. & Jacobi, C.M. 2013. A vegetação de canga no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais: caracterização e contexto fitogeográfico. Rodriguésia, 64: 527-541.

Carmo, F.F. & Kamino, L.Y.H. 2015. Introdução. In: Carmo, F.F. & Kamino, L.H.Y. (Orgs.) Geossistemas Ferruginosos do Brasil: áreas prioritárias para a conservação da diversidade geológica e biológica, patrimônio cultural e serviços ambientais. Belo Horizonte: 3i Editora.

Carmo, F.F. 2010. Importância Ambiental e Estado de Conservação dos Ecossistemas de Cangas no Quadrilátero Ferrífero e Proposta de áreas-alvo para a Investigação e Proteção da Biodiversidade em Minas Gerais. Dissertação de Mestrado, ICB/UFMG. Carmo, F.F. 2014. Padrões de Diversidade, Composição Florística e Estrutura de Comunidades de Plantas em Afloramentos Rochosos, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brasil. Tese de doutorado, ICB/UFMG. Carmo, F.F., Campos, I.C., Carmo, F.F., Tobias Junior, R. 2015. O Vale do Peixe Bravo: área prioritária para a conservação dos geossistemas ferruginosos no norte de Minas Gerais. In: Carmo, F.F. & Kamino, L.H.Y. (Orgs.) Geossistemas Ferruginosos do Brasil: áreas prioritárias para conservação da diversidade geológica e biológica, patrimônio cultural e serviços ambientais. 1ed.: , 2015, v. 1, p. 497-520.

Carmo, F.F., Carmo, F.F., Buchmann, F.S., Frank, H.T., Jacobi, C.M. 2011. Primeiros registros de paleotocas desenvolvidas em formações ferríferas. Minas Gerais, Brasil. In: 31 Congresso Brasileiro de Espeleologia, 2011, Ponta Grossa. Anais 31 Congresso Brasileiro Espeleologia, p. 531-540.

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ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Carmo, F.F.; Carmo, F.F.; Campos, I.C.; Jacobi, C.M. 2012. Cangas: Ilhas de Ferro Estratégicas para a Conservação no Brasil. Ciência Hoje, 50: 49-53.

CONEI. Indice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social. Fundação João Pinheiro (20-?). Available at: <http://www.conei.sp.gov.br/ind/imrs-proposta.pdf>. Acesso: 17 Ago. 2015 DATASUS. Ministério da Saúde. Produto Interno Bruto. [20-?]. Available at: <http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?ibge/cnv/pibmunmg.def>. Acesso: 7 Ago. 2015 DNPM – Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral. Diretoria de Procedimentos Arrecadatórios. [20?]. Available at: <https://sistemas.dnpm.gov.br/arrecadacao/extra/Relatorios/distribuicao_cfem.aspx>. Acesso: 5 Ago. 2015 DNPM – Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral. Diretoria de Procedimentos Arrecadatórios. [20?]. Available at: <https://sistemas.dnpm.gov.br/arrecadacao/extra/Relatorios/cfem/maiores_arrecadadores.aspx>.

Acesso: 5 Ago. 2015 Domingues SA, Karez CS, Biondini IVF, Andrade MA, Fernandes GW (2012) Economic environmental management tools in the Serra do Espinhaço Biosphere Reserve. J Sust Develop 5:180–191 Drummond, Gláucia Moreira; et al. Biodiversidade em Minas Gerais: um atlas para sua conservacão/B615. 2. Ed - Belo Horizonte: Fundação Biodiversitas, 2005. 222 p.: il Encontro dos povos do Espinhaço – Available at: http://serradoespinhaco.com.br/destaque?cod_destaque=141&pagina=0. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2015.

Encontro dos povos do Espinhaço. Vídeo-documentário. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b3QWxNXU87w. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2015.

Fernandes GW, Barbosa NPU (2013) Bombas relógio que ameaçam a natureza em Minas Gerais. Sci Amer Bras 135: 60-61 Fernandes GW, Barbosa NPU, Negreiros D, Paglia AP (2014) Challenges for the conservation of vanishing megadiverse rupestrian grasslands. Nat Cons 12:162-165 FIEMG. Programa de Apoio à Competitividade dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais de Minas Gerais. [20-?].

Available at: <http://www.fiemg.org.br/Default.aspx?tabid=11854>.Acesso: 8 Ago. 2015 Franco, et al.. Parauninha: entre serras, pelas águas, com gente. Cartilha. Available at: http://parauninha.org/cartilha/. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2015.

Fundação Joao Pinheiro. Governo de Minas Gerais. Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS).

2013. Available at: <http://www.fjp.mg.gov.br/index.php/produtos-e-servicos1/2741-indice-mineirode-responsabilidade-social-imrs-2>. Acesso: 10 Ago. 2015.

Giulietti, A.M.; Rapini, A.; Andrade, M.J.G; Queiroz, L.P. & Silva, J.M.C. (Org.). 2009. Plantas Raras do Brasil. Belo Horizonte, MG. Conservation International, 496 pp.

IDHM. Índices Atlas do Brasil. Available at:<www.atlasdobrasil.org.br>. Acesso: 7 Ago. 2015.

Instituto Brasileiro de Mineração. Economia Mineral MG. 2015. Available at: <http://www.ibram.org.br/>. Acesso: 7 Ago. 2015 Instituto Estrada Real. Estrada Real. Planeje sua viagem.[20-?]. Available at: <http://www.institutoestradareal.com.br/planeje-sua-viagem/passeios-sugeridos>.Acesso: 8 Ago. 2015 298

ESPINHAÇO RANGE BIOSPHERE RESERVE 1st PERIODIC REVIEW (2005-2015) Jacobi, C. M.; Carmo, F.F.; Campos, I.C. 2015. Iron geosystems: priority areas for conservation in Brazil.

In: Mark Tibbett. (Org.). Mining in Ecologically Sensitive Landscapes. 1ed.: v. 1, p. 1-25.

Jacobi, C.M. & Carmo, F.F. 2009. Diversidade dos campos rupestres ferruginosos no Quadrilátero Ferrífero. Megadiversidade, 4: 24-32.

LARA, ANGELA CHRISTINA ET AL. Sempre-vivas: planta viva, gente viva. TERRA BRASILIS. 1999. 24 p. illust. Available at: http://www.terrabrasilis.org.br/images/pdf/sempre_vivas.pdf . Acesso em: 15 ago.

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Lei nº 20.922, de 16 de outubro de 2013. Dispõe sobre as políticas florestal e de proteção à biodiversidade no Estado. (Publicação – Diário do Executivo – “Minas Gerais” 17/10/2013) Martinelli, Gustavo; Messina, Tainan e Filho, Luiz Santos (Org.). Livro vermelho da flora do Brasil – Plantas raras do Cerrado; tradução David Straker, Chris Hieatt. 1. ed. - Rio de Janeiro: Andrea Jakobsson: Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro: CNCFlora, 320 p. 2014.

Martinelli, Gustavo; Moraes, Miguel Avila (Org.). Livro vermelho da flora do Brasil. tradução Flávia Anderson, Chris Hieatt. 1. ed. - Rio de Janeiro: Andrea Jakobsson: Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, p. 1100 2013.

Metodologia IDHM. PNUD - Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento. Available at: < www.pnud.org.br>. Acesso: 7 Ago. 2015.

Mucina, L., Laliberté, E., Thiele, K.R., Dodson, J.R., Harvey, J. 2014. Biogeography of Kwongan: origins, diversity, endemism and vegetation patterns. In: Lambers H (ed), Plant Life on the Sandplains in Southwest Australia, a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. UWA Publishing, Crawley, pp 35-79.

OI FUTURO. Rede Socioambiental e Cultural do Parauninha. Fortaleza – 2 set. 2013 Available at: http://www.oifuturo.org.br/projetos/sustentabilidade/rede-socioambiental-e-cultural-do-parauninha/.

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PINHEIRO, CAROLINA. Sempre-vivas, flores da vida. Revista Sagarana. Capa, Destaques, Reportagens.

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Resende FM, Fernandes GW, Coelho MS (2013) Economic valuation of plant diversity storage service provided by Brazilian rupestrian grassland ecosystems. Braz J Biol 73:709-716 Ruchkys, U. A; Machado, M. M; Castro, P. T. A; Renger, F. E.; Trevisol, A. Geoparque Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais. In: C. SHOBBENHAUS E C. SILVA. (ORG.) Geoparques do Brasil: propostas. 1ed.

Rio de Janeiro: Serviço Geológico do Brasil, 2012. p. 183- 220.

Schaefer, C.E.; Cândido, H.G.; Corrêa, G.R.; Pereira, A.; Nunes, J.A.; Souza, O.F.; Marins, A.; Filho, E.F.; Ker, J.C. 2015. Solos desenvolvidos sobre canga ferruginosa no Brasil: uma revisão crítica e papel ecológico de termiteiros. pp. 77-102. In: Carmo, F.F. & Kamino, L.H.Y. (Orgs.) Geossistemas Ferruginosos do Brasil: áreas prioritárias para a conservação da diversidade geológica e biológica, patrimônio cultural e serviços ambientais. Belo Horizonte: 3i Editora.

Scolforo, José Roberto Soares; Carvalho, Luís Marcelo Tavares de e Oliveira, Antônio Donizette de.

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Silva, J.A., R.B. Machado, A.A. Azevedo, G.M. Drumond, R.L. Fonseca, M.F. Goulart, E.A. Moraes Júnior, C.S. Martins, M.B. Ramos Neto.. Identificação de áreas insubstituíveis para conservação da Cadeia do Espinhaço, estados de Minas Gerais e Bahia, Brasil. Megadiversidade 4(1-2): p. 272-309. 2008.

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ANNEXES

ANNEX I – MINUTES OF THE ELECTION OF THE MANAGING COMMITTEE OF RBSE IN 2014 ANNEX II-BOOK PARAUNINHA: BETWEEN MOUNTAINS, WATERS, WITH PEOPLE – 1ST EDITION ANNEX III-BOOK PARAUNINHA: BETWEEN MOUNTAINS, WATERS, WITH PEOPLE – 2ND EDITION ANNEX IV – BOOK "ESPINHAÇO RANGE" ANNEX V – PAN HERPETOFAUNA OF ESPINHAÇO ANNEX VI – WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PUBLISHING IN RBSE ANNEX VII – BIBLIOGRAPHICAL PRODUCTION IN RBSE IN THE LAST TEN YEARS (META-ANALYSIS) ANNEX VIII – MEGA PUBLISHING "THE ESPINHAÇO" ANNEX IX – PUBLICATION "ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT RBSE" ANNEX X – PUBLICATION – WORLD OF SCIENCE MAGAZINE-RBSE ANNEX XI-STATE DECREE OF CREATION OF THE STATE COMMITTEE OF RBSE ANNEX XII – ZONING MAP OF RBSE ANNEX XIII – MAP OF VEGETATION AND ANTHROPIC USE IN RBSE ANNEX XIV-RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE COMMITTEE OF RBSE ANNEX XV-LIST OF ENDANGERED, RARE AND ENDEMIC SPECIES IN THE RBSE

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UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION¹ Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme International Advisory Committee for Biosphere Reserves Twenty-second Meeting UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, Room VII 25-28 January 2016 FINAL REPORT

WELCOMING REMARKS ON BEHALF OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF UNESCO 1. On behalf of the Director-General, Mr Han Qunli, Director of the Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences and Secretary of the MAB Programme, welcomed the members of the International Advisory Committee for Biosphere Reserves (IACBR) (see list of participants in Annex 1). He acknowledged the newly appointed members of the Advisory Committee; Ms Marja Spierenburg, Ms Jurgenne Primavera and Mr Djafarou Tiomoko. He thanked the members for their continued support of UNESCO and the MAB Programme.

2. Mr. Han Qunli informed the Advisory Committee about the heavy agenda including the many periodic review reports and follow-up information submitted by Member States. He thanked the Advisory Committee for their past work and expressed his confidence in their ability to assess all the proposal and reports submitted this year.

ELECTION OF CHAIR, VICE-CHAIRS (2) AND RAPPORTEUR 3. In accordance with its Statutes, the Advisory Committee elected its Bureau, which consisted of Ms Vanja Debevec (Slovenia) as Chair; Mr Luis Eduardo Aragón Vaca (Colombia) as Vice Chair and Mr Do-Soon Cho (Republic of Korea) as Vice Chair and Rapporteur.

ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA AND THE TIMETABLE 4. The Advisory Committee adopted the agenda and the timetable for the meeting.

COMMENTS FROM MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THEIR WORK AS “AMBASSADORS” FOR BIOSPHERE RESERVES 5. In their role as “Ambassadors” for biosphere reserves, Members of the Advisory Committee provided brief accounts on various activities, including those of biosphere reserves, MAB National Committees, and regional and thematic MAB Networks with which they are associated, as follows: 1 ¹Ata da 22ª Reunião do Conselho Consultivo de Reserva da Biosfera da Unesco com a aprovação da 1ª revisão periódica da Reserva da Biosfera Serra do Espinhaço, texto em amarelo. Documento original possui 108 páginas, destaque para as páginas 40, 41 e 42, com as ressalvas para as Reservas da Biosfera brasileiras. Em amarelo a ressalva da Unesco para a Reserva da Biosfera Serra do Espinhaço.

248. Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve (Austria) The Advisory Committee welcomed this first periodic review of Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve, established in 2005. The Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve covers an area of 105,645 hectares and extends across 51 communities in Lower Austria and seven municipal districts in Vienna and is the largest contiguous beech woodland in Central Europe. The biosphere reserve contains 20 types of woodland – with beech, oak and hornbeam dominating – and more than 17 types of meadow. There are more than 2,000 plant species and around 150 species of breeding birds. Cultural landscape is shaped by vineyards and dry stone walls.

249. The Advisory Committee took note of the diversity of projects in the field of nature conservation that acted as a bridge between science and society. Through very successful involvement of various stakeholders, they introduced sustainable farming with support of local economy through well-functioning partnership. The education and public awareness are harmoniously incorporated in all three functions of biosphere reserve.

250. In addition to conservation projects, the biosphere reserve supports social involvement of local people, provides training for young people, and promotes the area through traditional knowledge, recognized as intangible heritage, healthy food and environment, creating green society also through transgenerational projects.

251. The management plan is based on participatory approach that was introduced through the project Wienerwald Biosphere Reserve 2020 Vision, where inhabitants are proposing activities. The action plan is a tool for further management of the site. The Advisory Committee recommended that this methodology can be used as a model for other biosphere reserves.

252. The Advisory Committee concluded that the biosphere reserve meets the criteria of the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

253. The Advisory Committee commended the management authority on the very well prepared periodic review report. The Advisory Committee recommended that the report is used as model for periodic review report for the World Network of Biosphere Reserves and commended the participatory approaches in implementing sustainable development and nature conservation, as well as the management of a biosphere reserve close to a capital city.

254. Espinhaço Range Biosphere Reserve (Brazil) The Advisory Committee welcomed the first periodic review report for this biosphere reserve, designated in 2005 and congratulated the national authorities for the high quality of the information provided. The Advisory Committee noted with satisfaction the work done in this biosphere reserve for the last ten years in order to promote conservation and sustainable development (training courses, seminars, and development of educational and information material) in line with the principle of the Biosphere Reserve.

255. The Advisory Committee considered that the site meets the criteria of the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, however, recommended to put more attention on mining activities developed in the Biosphere Reserve and explore how to better manage them.

40

256. AmazĂ´nia Central Biosphere Reserve (Brazil) The Advisory Committee welcomed the first periodic review report for this biosphere reserve, designated in 2001 and noted the achievement made by the Biosphere Reserve taking into account the difficulties of the Amazonian region. The Advisory Committee noted as well, that there is an overlapping of national and international designations in the Biosphere Reserve area - Biological Corridor, Ramsar site and World Heritage sites â&#x20AC;&#x201C; that reflects the importance of conservation of this area.

257. The Advisory Committee considered that the site meets the criteria in the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves and recommended to: - revise and update the management plan and structure of the Biosphere Reserve to reinforce the harmonization with the other national and international designations - ensure a stable funds to guarantee the continuity of the activities implemented.

258. Caatinga Biosphere Reserve (Brazil) The Advisory Committee welcomed the first periodic review report for this biosphere reserve, designated in 2001. The Advisory Committee thanked the national authority for the submission of the information provided in this report and noted the important work carried out by this Biosphere Reserve to fulfill sustainable development objectives. It noted the importance of the contribution of the State Committees of the biosphere reserve, The Advisory Committee concluded that the site meets the criteria. However, the Advisory Committee recommended that the national authorities restructure the management committee and reinforce the national council and the management system of this biosphere reserve. The authorities are also requested to submit an updated management plan.

259. Cerrado Biosphere Reserve (Brazil) The Advisory Committee welcomed the first periodic review report for this biosphere reserve, designated in 1994, and extended in 2000 and in 2001. The Phase one is actually working and achieved the objective of the Seville strategy, however, it was not possible to evaluate the situation of phase 2 and 3, as no information was provided by the national authorities. The Advisory Committee concluded that additional information should be provided to enable it to assess whether this biosphere reserve meets the criteria of the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves.

260. The Advisory Committee requested that the national authorities submit a new Periodic Review Report to the MAB Secretariat by 30 September 2016 with information covering all the entire biosphere reserve, including the extension of phase 2 and 3. The national authorities are also requested to define clearly the management committee and management plan for the biosphere reserve, including the extension of phase 2 and 3, and to send clear digital and printed cartography of the whole Biosphere Reserve.

261. Pantanal Biosphere Reserve (Brazil) The Advisory Committee welcomed the first periodic review report for this biosphere reserve, designated in 2000. Pantanal is the biggest continental wetland in the world. There are good conservation practices. It works as a biosphere reserve but the management plan has not been implemented. The Advisory Committee noted the important work made by the national and states authorities, NGOs and private partners to ensure the conservation of the cultural and environmental values of the Pantanal area as well as the sustainable development of the local communities. However, the Advisory Committee noted that activities were not promoting directly by the Biosphere Reserve because the management structure was not operational. It encouraged to revitalize 41

the structure of the Biosphere Reserve to become the promotor of the management of this important area as a model of sustainable development of the region.

262. The Advisory Committee considered that the site meets the criteria of the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The Advisory Committee recommended that the national authorities: - Submit report of the activation of the management committee by 30 September 2016.

- Present a management plan for the biosphere reserve.

- Promote the communication of Pantanal as a biosphere reserve.

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