FACTORS AFFECTING THE CRISIS IN CENTRAL ASIA (From Ancient Times To The Middle Ages)

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON HUMAN COMPUTING STUDIES https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJHCS

e-ISSN: 2615-8159 | p-ISSN: 2615-1898

Volume: 04 Issue: 6 | Jun 2022

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CRISIS IN CENTRAL ASIA (From Ancient Times To The Middle Ages) Sharifov Ehronbek Erkin o`g`li Magstr, Termez state university --------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract: This article describes the dynasties and states that ruled Central Asia and the factors that led to the disintegration or collapse of state governance. The period covered in the article focuses on the dynastic states with a centralized state system in the Central Asian region from antiquity to the middle ages. Keywords: Achaemenid Empire, Political, Kushan Empire, Arab Caliphate, Economic crisis, Samanid state, Socio-demographic crisis, Gaznavid’s state, Military-political crisis, Khorezm state, Sociodemographic crisis Factors influencing the weakening of the Achaemenid Empire Political: For one thing, weak rulers led to numerous provincial revolts, especially in Egypt, which always had detested Persian rule. Secondly, the provincial satraps also became more independent, ruling their satrapies more as kings than as the king's loyal subjects. They even carried on their own foreign policies and waged war on each other, which only added to Persia's problems. Revolts and unruly satraps caused serious economic problems for the empire. The government definitely grew weaker after the start of the fall of the Persian empire.1 The government struggled with thriving without having a strong ruler that could train armies to battle and gain wealth for Persia.2 The government started to shift to a very dysfunctional dictatorship. The Persian army was negatively affected because they no longer had a strong base or leader to keep them in line. Factors influencing the weakening of the Kushan Empire After Kanishka's successor Khuvishka, the Kushan kingdom gradually began to face a crisis. By 226, the Sassanid state had entered the political arena, replacing the Parthian state to the west of the Kushan Empire.3 This state was formed in the territories belonging to Parthia. However, King Ardasher I sought to function as an independent state during the period and began to threaten the state of Kushan. This situation did not leave the Kushans indifferent. The king of Kushan, Vasudeva, sent an ambassador to China in 230 in search of an alliance against the threat posed by the Sassanids. It was natural that there would be a battle between the Kushans and the Sassanids. In 242-243, in the last two battles, the Sassanids defeated Shopur I's army, the Kushans.4 After that, the Sassanid rulers received the title of "Kushanshah" in the territories of East Khorasan. In 252, they were again given the title of "Great King of the Kushan Kings". By these years the Kushans had lost all the great lands of India. This is stated in a Buddhist text (mid-3rd century) that the world was divided into three parts (China, Rome, and Kushan), but that the "sons of heaven" (kingdoms) were four: China, Rome, Kushan and Hind. According to Indian sources, by the middle of the 3rd century, India was an independent state from the Kushan’s. In the same years, Khorezm was separated from the Kushans. Thus, from the middle of the 3rd century, the 1

Xartli, Charlz V.; Yazicioğlu, G. Bike; Smit, Adam T. (2012). Evrosiyodagi kuch va siyosat arxeologiyasi: rejimlar va inqiloblar. Kembrij universiteti matbuoti. p. 83. 2 Potts, DT (1999). Elam arxeologiyasi: Qadimgi Eron davlatining shakllanishi va o'zgarishi . Kembrij universiteti matbuoti. p. 345 3 Gafurov B. G., Koʻshanskaya epoxa i mirovaya sivilizatsiya, Moskva, 1968. 4 Staviskiy B. Ya., Koʻshanskaya Baktriya. Problemi kulturi, Moskva, 1977.

© 2022, IJHCS | Research Parks Publishing (IDEAS Lab) www.researchparks.org | Page 23 Copyright (c) 2022 Author (s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/


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