Work-Related Trauma Online Appendix B

ONLINE APPENDIX B Work-Related Traumatic Events and Psychological Trauma Articles in the Review Sample *indicates the article was directly cited in the paper.

Abramovitz, L. M., Lutgendorf, M. A., Bukowinski, A. T., Gumbs, G. R., Conlin, A. M. S., & Hall, C. 2021.

Posttraumatic stress disorder in a cohort of pregnant active duty U.S. military servicewomen. J. Trauma.

Stress, 34(3): 586-595. *Abrams, K. M., & Robinson, G. E. 2002. Occupational effects of stalking. Can. J. Psychiatry, 47(5): 468-472.

Acquadro Maran, D., Magnavita, N., & Garbarino, S. 2022. Identifying organizational stressors that could be a source of discomfort in police officers: A thematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(6), 3720.

Acquadro Maran, D., Varetto, A., Civilotti, C., & Magnavita, N. 2022. Prevalence and consequences of verbal aggression among bank workers: A survey into an Italian banking institution. Administrative Sciences, 12(3), 0078. *Acquadro Maran, D., Zito, M., & Colombo, L. 2020. Secondary traumatic stress in Italian police officers: The role of job demands and job resources. Front. Psychol., 11: 1435. *Adler, A. B., Adrian, A. L., Hemphill, M., Scaro, N. H., Sipos, M. L., & Thomas, J. L. 2017. Professional stress and burnout in U.S. military medical personnel deployed to Afghanistan. Mil. Med., 182(3): e1669-e1676. *Adler, A. B., & Gutierrez, I. A. 2022. Acute stress reaction in combat: Emerging evidence and peer-based interventions. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 24(4): 277-284.

Adler, A. B., LeardMann, C. A., Yun, S., Jacobson, I. G., Forbes, D., & Millennium Cohort Study Team. 2022.

Problematic anger and economic difficulties: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. J. Affective Disord., 297: 679-685.

Adler, A. B., Wright, K. M., Bliese, P. D., Eckford, R., & Hoge, C. W. 2008. A2 diagnostic criterion for combatrelated posttraumatic stress disorder. J. Trauma. Stress, 21(3): 301-308.

Adler, D. A., Possemato, K., Mavandadi, S., Lerner, D., Chang, H., Klaus, J., Tew, J. D., Barrett, D., Ingram, E., & Oslin, D. W. 2011. Psychiatric status and work performance of veterans of operations enduring freedom and Iraqi freedom. Psychiatr. Serv., 62(1): 39-46. *Agyapong, B., Eboreime, E., Shalaby, R., Pazderka, H., Obuobi-Donkor, G., Adu, M. K., ... & Agyapong, V. I. 2022. Mental health impacts of wildfire, flooding and COVID-19 on Fort McMurray School Board staff and other employees: A comparative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1): 19010435 Ahmadian, A. J., Neylan, T. C., Metzler, T., & Cohen, B. E. 2019. Longitudinal association of PTSD symptoms and self-reported physical functioning among Veterans. J. Affective Disord., 250: 1-8.

Ahmed, F., Zhao, F., & Faraz, N. A. 2020. How and when does inclusive leadership curb psychological distress during a crisis? Evidence from the COVID-19 outbreak. Front. Psychol, 11, 1898.

Akbayrak, N., Oflaz, F., Aslan, O., Ozcan, C. T., Tastan, S., & Çiçek, H. S. 2005. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among military health professionals in Turkey. Mil. Med., 170(2): 125-129.

Akinsulure-Smith, A. M., Keatley, E., & Rasmussen, A. 2012. Responding to secondary traumatic stress: A pilot study of torture treatment programs in the United States. J. Trauma. Stress, 25(2): 232-235. *Al Ali, S., Pihl-Thingvad, J., & Elklit, A. 2022. The influence of coping and cognitive appraisal in predicting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A prospective study on workplace violence in psychiatric staff in Denmark.

Work, 71(3): 641-649.

Alavi, S. M., Kia-Keating, M., & Nerenberg, C. 2022. Secondary traumatic stress and burnout in health care providers: A post-disaster study. Traumatology, Early View. *Alberque, B., Laporte, C., Mondillon, L., Baker, J. S., Mermillod, M., Brousse, G., Ugbolube, U. C., Bagheri, R., Bouillon-Minois, J. B., & Dutheil, F. 2022. Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in healthcare workers following the first SARS-CoV epidemic of 2003: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(20): 13069.

Albert, L. S., Allen, D. G., Biggane, J. E., & Ma, Q. K. 2015. Attachment and responses to employment dissolution. Human Resource Management Review, 25(1), 94-106.

Alcaraz-Mor, R., Gasche, E., Villa, A., & Lehucher-Michel, M. P. 2019. Takotsubo syndrome in a teen health centre. Occup. Med., 69(2): 146-148.

Aldamman, K., Tamrakar, T., Dinesen, C., Wiedemann, N., Murphy, J., Hansen, M., Elsiddig Badr, E., Reid, T., & Vallières, F. 2019. Caring for the mental health of humanitarian volunteers in traumatic contexts: The

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importance of organisational support. Eur. J. Psychotraumatology, 10(1): 1694811.

Alexander, B. 2021. Public school trauma intervention for school shootings: A national survey of school leaders.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18(15): 7727. *Ali Mohamed, A. A., Sardar Baig, F. B., Ahmad, A. A., & Win, K. H. 2015. Sexual harassment: Liability of sexual harasser and employer in tort. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 23: 179-189.

Allen, J., & Annells, M. 2009. A literature review of the application of the Geriatric Depression Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist to community nursing cohorts. J. Clin.

Nurs., 18(7): 949-959. *Allen, R. C., & Palk, G. 2018. Development of recommendations and guidelines for strengthening resilience in emergency department nurses. Traumatology, 24(2): 148-156.

Allen, S., & Carlson, G. 2003. To conceal or disclose a disabling condition? A dilemma of employment transition.

J. Vocat. Rehabil., 19(1): 19-30.

Alshehry, A. S., Alquwez, N., Almazan, J., Namis, I. M., Moreno-Lacalle, R. C., & Cruz, J. P. 2019. Workplace incivility and its influence on professional quality of life among nurses from multicultural background: A cross-sectional study. J. Clin. Nurs., 28(13-14): 2553-2564.

Ametaj, A. A., Smith, A. M., & Valentine, S. E. 2021. A stakeholder-engaged process for adapting an evidencebased intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder for peer delivery. Adm. Policy Ment. Health Ment.

Health Serv. Res., 48(5): 793-809. *Amsalem, D., Lazarov, A., Markowitz, J. C., Smith, T. E., Dixon, L. B., & Neria, Y. 2022. Video intervention to increase treatment-seeking by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Psychiatry, 220(1): 14-20.

Anderson, G. S., Di Nota, P. M., Groll, D., & Carleton, R. N. 2020. Peer support and crisis-focused psychological interventions designed to mitigate post-traumatic stress injuries among public safety and frontline healthcare personnel: A systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(20): 1-20.

Andhavarapu, S., Yardi, I., Bzhilyanskaya, V., Lurie, T., Bhinder, M., Patel, P., Pourmand, A., & Tran, Q. K. 2022.

Post-traumatic stress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res., 317, 114890.

Andrews, K. L., Jamshidi, L., Nisbet, J., Teckchandani, T. A., Price, J. A. B., Ricciardelli, R., Anderson, G. S., & Carleton, R. N. 2022. Assessing the relative impact of diverse stressors among Canadian coast guard and conservation and protection Officers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(24), 16396.

Andrews, K. L., Jamshidi, L., Nisbet, J., Teckchandani, T. A., Price, J. A. B., Ricciardelli, R., Anderson, G. S., & Carleton, R. N. 2022. Mental health disorder symptoms among Canadian coast guard and conservation and protection officers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(23), 15696.

Andrews, K. L., Jamshidi, L., Nisbet, J., Teckchandani, T. A., Price, J. A. B., Ricciardelli, R., Anderson, G. S., & Carleton, R. N. 2022. Mental health training, attitudes toward support, and screening positive for mental disorders among Canadian coast guard and conservation and protection officers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(23), 15734.

Andrukonis, A., Hall, N. J., & Protopopova, A. 2020. The impact of caring and killing on physiological and psychometric measures of stress in animal shelter employees: A pilot study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(24): 1-18.

Ang, S. Y., Uthaman, T., Ayre, T. C., Lim, S. H., & Lopez, V. 2019. A Photovoice study on nurses’ perceptions and experience of resiliency. J. Nurs. Manage., 27(2): 414-422.

Angehrn, A., Krakauer, R. L., & Carleton, R. N. 2020. The impact of intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity on mental health among public safety personnel: When the uncertain is unavoidable. Cogn.

Ther. Res., 44(5): 919-930.

Antoni, C., Silverman, M. A., Nasr, S. Z., Mandi, D., & Golden, A. G. 2012. Providing support through life's final chapter for those who made it home. Mil. Med., 177(12): 1498-1501.

Applewhite, L., Keller, N., & Borah, A. 2012. Mental health care use by soldiers conducting counterinsurgency operations. Mil. Med., 177(5): 501-506.

Arble, E., & Arnetz, B. B. 2017. A model of first-responder coping: An approach/avoidance bifurcation. Stress Health, 33(3): 223-232. *Arimon-Pagès, E., Fernández-Ortega, P., Fabrellas-Padrés, N., Castro-García, A. M., & Canela-Soler, J. 2022.

Dealing with emotional vulnerability and anxiety in nurses from high-risk Units—A Multicenter Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(9): 5569. *Aristidou, L., Mpouzika, M., Papathanassoglou, E. D. E., Middleton, N., & Karanikola, M. N. K. 2020.

Association between workplace bullying occurrence and trauma symptoms among healthcare professionals

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in Cyprus. Front. Psychol., 11: 575623.

Armour, C., Robinson, M., & Ross, J. 2021. Factor structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire in UK Armed Forces veterans residing in Northern Ireland. Eur. J. Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1924954.

Auth, N. M., Booker, M. J., Wild, J., & Riley, R. 2022. Mental health and help seeking among trauma-exposed emergency service staff: A qualitative evidence synthesis. BMJ Open, 12(2), e047814. *Ayalew, M., Deribe, B., Abraham, Y., Reta, Y., Tadesse, F., & Defar, S. 2022. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and its predictors among healthcare workers following COVID-19 Pandemic in southern Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional study. Front. Psychiatry, 12: 818910. *Babcock, R. L., & DePrince, A. P. 2013. Factors contributing to ongoing intimate partner abuse: Childhood betrayal trauma and dependence on one's perpetrator. J. Interpers. Violence, 28(7): 1385-1402.

Bachem, R., Levin, Y., Zerach, G., Cloitre, M., & Solomon, Z. 2021. The interpersonal implications of PTSD and complex PTSD: The role of disturbances in self-organization. J. Affective Disord., 290: 149-156.

Backholm, K., & Idås, T. 2015. Ethical dilemmas, work-related guilt, and posttraumatic stress reactions of news journalists covering the terror attack in Norway in 2011. J. Trauma. Stress, 28(2): 142-148. *Bae, S. Y., Yoon, H. J., Kim, Y., & Kim, J. 2022. Posttraumatic stress disorder and related factors among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Nurs. Manage., 30(5): 1096-1104.

Baer, D. G., Dubick, M. A., Wenke, J. C., Brown, K. V., McGhee, L. L., Convertino, V. A., Cancio, L. C., Wolf, S. E., & Blackbourne, L. H. 2009. Combat casualty care research at the U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research. J R Army Med Corps, 155(4): 327-332.

Bailey, C. E., Smith, C., Huey Jr, S. J., McDaniel, D. D., & Babeva, K. 2014. Case study: Unrecognized posttraumatic stress disorder as a treatment barrier for a gang-involved juvenile offender. J. Aggression Maltreat. Trauma, 23(2): 199-214.

Balducci, C., Alfano, V., & Fraccaroli, F. 2009. Relationships between mobbing at work and MMPI-2 personality profile, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal ideation and behavior. Violence Victims, 24(1): 52-67.

Baldwin, S., & George, J. 2021. Qualitative study of UK health professionals' experiences of working at the point of care during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open, 11(9): e054377. *Bardon, C., & Mishara, B. L. 2015. Development of a comprehensive programme to prevent and reduce the negative impact of railway fatalities, injuries and close calls on railway employees. J. Occup. Rehabil., 25(3): 557-568. *Barello, S., Palamenghi, L., & Graffigna, G. 2020. Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res., 290: 113129. *Barnes, J. B., Nickerson, A., Adler, A. B., & Litz, B. T. 2013. Perceived military organizational support and peacekeeper distress: A longitudinal investigation. Psychological Services, 10(2): 177-185.

Barratt-Pugh, L., & Bahn, S. 2015. HR strategy during culture change: Building change agency. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(6), 741-754.

Bartlett, B. A., Smith, L. J., Tran, J. K., & Vujanovic, A. A. 2018. Understanding mental health among military veterans in the fire service. Psychiatry Res., 267: 394-399.

Bartlett, C. A. 1982. How multinational organizations evolve. Journal of Business Strategy, 3(1), 20-32. *Bassi, M., Negri, L., Delle Fave, A., & Accardi, R. 2021. The relationship between post-traumatic stress and positive mental health symptoms among health workers during COVID-19 pandemic in Lombardy, Italy. J. Affective Disord., 280: 1-6.

Baum, N. 2012. Trap of conflicting needs: Helping professionals in the wake of a shared traumatic reality. Clin.

Soc. Work J., 40(1): 37-45. *Bayerle, H., Ike, J., Logan, R., & Parker, R. 2022. Sophocles’ Philoctetes and moral injury in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Health Communication, 27(2): 134-139. *Baygi, F., Blome, C., Smith, A., Khonsari, N. M., Agoushi, A., Maghoul, A., Esmaeili-Abdar, M., Gorabi, A. M., & Qorbani, M. 2022. Post-traumatic stress disorder and mental health assessment of seafarers working on ocean-going vessels during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 22(242): 12673-4. *Baygi, F., Smith, A., Mohammadian Khonsari, N., Mohammadi-Nasrabadi, F., Mahmoodi, Z., Mahdavi-Gorabi, A., & Qorbani, M. 2022. Seafarers' mental health status and life satisfaction: Structural equation model.

Front. Public Health, 10: 12673-4.

Beahm, J. D., Landry, C. A., McCall, H. C., Carleton, R. N., & Hadjistavropoulos, H. D. 2022. Understanding and addressing occupational stressors in internet-delivered therapy for public safety personnel: A qualitative analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(8): 4744.

Beck, J. G., Clapp, J. D., Jacobs-Lentz, J., McNiff, J., Avery, M., & Olsen, S. A. 2014. The association of mental health conditions with employment, interpersonal, and subjective functioning after intimate partner

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violence. Violence Against Women, 20(11): 1321-1337. *Beehr, T. A., Ragsdale, J. M., & Kochert, J. F. 2015. Effects of initial resources on the development of strains during a stressful training situation: Some counterintuitive results. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(4), 467-490.

Behnke, A., Rojas, R., Karrasch, S., Hitzler, M., & Kolassa, I. T. 2019. Deconstructing traumatic mission experiences: Identifying critical incidents and their relevance for the mental and physical health among emergency medical service personnel. Front. Psychol., 10(OCT), 2305.

Bell, S., Hopkin, G., & Forrester, A. 2019. Exposure to traumatic events and the experience of burnout, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among prison mental health staff: An exploratory survey. Issues Ment.

Health Nurs., 40(4): 304-309.

Belleville, G., Marchand, A., St-Hilaire, M. H., Martin, M., & Silva, C. 2012. PTSD and depression following armed robbery: Patterns of appearance and impact on absenteeism and use of health care services. J. Trauma. Stress, 25(4): 465-468. *Bender, A., Eynan, R., O'Grady, J., Nisenbaum, R., Shah, R., & Links, P. S. 2016. Best practice intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder among transit workers. Work, 54(1): 59-71. *Benedict, T. M., Singleton, M. D., Nitz, A. J., Shing, T. L., & Kardouni, J. R. 2019. Effect of chronic low back pain and post-traumatic stress disorder on the risk for separation from the US army. Military Medicine, 184(9-10): 431-439.

Benfer, N., Rusowicz-Orazem, L., Fielstein, E. M., Darnell, B. C., Frankfurt, S. B., Mignogna, J., & Litz, B. T. 2022. Leveraging available metadata in VA PTSD clinics and generating benchmarks for clinically significant change. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 91(5): 267-279.

Bennett, P., Noble, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D., & Hunter, R. 2020. COVID-19 confessions: A qualitative exploration of healthcare workers experiences of working with COVID-19. BMJ Open, 10(12): e043949.

Bentz, L., Pirard, P., Motreff, Y., Vandentorren, S., Baubet, T., Fabre, R., Touboul Lundgren, P., & Pradier, C. 2019. Health outcomes of the July 14, 2016 Nice terror attack among hospital-based professionals and students: The « ECHOS de Nice » health survey protocol. BMC Public Health, 19(1): 1163.

Berecki-Gisolf, J., Clay, F. J., Collie, A., & McClure, R. J. 2012. Predictors of sustained return to work after workrelated injury or disease: Insights from workers' compensation claims records. J. Occup. Rehabil., 22(3): 283-291.

Berg, H., Ma, Y., Rueter, A., Kaczkurkin, A., Burton, P. C., Deyoung, C. G., Macdonald, A. W., Sponheim, S. R., & Lissek, S. M. 2021. Salience and central executive networks track overgeneralization of conditioned-fear in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol. Med., 51(15): 2610-2619.

Berger, W., Coutinho, E. S. F., Figueira, I., Marques-Portella, C., Luz, M. P., Neylan, T. C., Marmar, C. R., & Mendlowicz, M. V. 2012. Rescuers at risk: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr.

Epidemiol., 47(6): 1001-1011.

Bevan, M. P., Priest, S. J., Plume, R. C., & Wilson, E. E. 2022. Emergency first responders and professional wellbeing: A qualitative systematic review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(22), 14649.

Biggs, Q. M., Fullerton, C. S., McCarroll, J. E., Liu, X., Wang, L., Dacuyan, N. M., Zatzick, D. F., & Ursano, R. J. 2016. Early intervention for post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and quality of life in mortuary affairs soldiers postdeployment. Mil. Med., 181(11): e1553-e1560. *Birkeland, M. S., Blix, I., Solberg, O., & Heir, T. 2017a. Does optimism act as a buffer against posttraumatic stress over time? A longitudinal study of the protective role of optimism after the 2011 Oslo bombing.

Psychol. Trauma Theory Res. Pract. Policy, 9(2): 207-213. *Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M. B., Blix, I., Solberg, Ø., & Heir, T. 2017b. For whom does time heal wounds?

Individual differences in stability and change in posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo Bombing. J. Trauma. Stress, 30(1): 19-26.

Birkeland, M. S., & Heir, T. 2017. Making connections: exploring the centrality of posttraumatic stress symptoms and covariates after a terrorist attack. Eur. J. Psychotraumatology, 8(sup3): 1333387.

Birkeland, M. S., Knatten, C. K., Hansen, M. B., Hem, C., & Heir, T. 2016. Long-term relationships between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress after the 2011 Oslo bombing: A three-year longitudinal study. J. Affective Disord., 202: 230-235.

Birze, A., LeBlanc, V., Regehr, C., Paradis, E., & Einstein, G. 2020. The “managed” or damaged heart? Emotional labor, gender, and posttraumatic stressors predict workplace event-related acute changes in cortisol, oxytocin, and heart rate variability. Front. Psychol., 11, 00604.

Birze, A., Regehr, C., & Regehr, K. 2022. Organizational support for the potentially traumatic impact of video

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evidence of violent crime in the criminal justice system: ‘We’re almost making more victims’. Int. Rev. Victimology. 29(3): 385-405.

Bjørkelo, B. 2013. Workplace bullying after whistleblowing: Future research and implications. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(3): 306-323.

Blake, H., Bermingham, F., Johnson, G., & Tabner, A. 2020. Mitigating the psychological impact of covid-19 on healthcare workers: A digital learning package. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17(9), 2997.

Bland, S. H., Valoroso, L., Stranges, S., Strazzullo, P., Farinaro, E., & Trevisan, M. 2005. Long-term follow-up of psychological distress following earthquake experiences among working Italian males: A cross-sectional analysis. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 193(6): 420-423. *Blaney, L., & Brunsden, V. 2015. Resilience and health promotion in high-risk professions: A pilot study of firefighters in Canada and the United Kingdom. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Organizational Studies, 10(2): 108554251.

Bleich, A. 2017. Trauma, resilience, and being Israeli. Traumatology, 23(1): 23-26.

Blix, I., Birkeland, M. S., Hansen, M. B., & Heir, T. 2015. Posttraumatic growth and centrality of event: A longitudinal study in the aftermath of the 2011 Oslo bombing. Psychol. Trauma Theory Res. Pract. Policy, 7(1): 18-23. * Boamah, D. A., Barbee, A. P., & Cunningham, M. 2022. Predictors of secondary traumatic stress among intellectual and developmental disabilities workforce: An examination of risk and protective factors.

Traumatology, 29: 149-162.

Bock, C., Heitland, I., Zimmermann, T., Winter, L., & Kahl, K. G. 2020. Secondary traumatic stress, mental state, and work ability in nurses—Results of a psychological risk assessment at a university hospital. Front.

Psychiatry, 11, 00298.

Boden, M. T., Bonn-Miller, M. O., Vujanovic, A. A., & Drescher, K. D. 2012. A prospective investigation of changes in avoidant and active coping and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among military veteran.

J. Psychopathol. Behav. Assess., 34(4): 433-439.

Boermans, S. M., Kamphuis, W., Delahaij, R., Van Den Berg, C., & Euwema, M. C. 2014. Team spirit makes the difference: The interactive effects of team work engagement and organizational constraints during a military operation on psychological outcomes afterwards. Stress Health, 30(5): 386-396.

Bohnert, K. M., Sripada, R. K., Mach, J., & McCarthy, J. F. 2016. Same-day integrated mental health care and PTSD diagnosis and treatment among VHA primary care patients with positive PTSD screens. Psychiatr.

Serv., 67(1): 94-100.

Boman, B. 1985. Post-traumatic stress disorder (traumatic war neurosis) and concurrent psychiatric illness among Australian Vietnam veterans. A controlled study. J. R. Army Med. Corps., 131(3): 128-131. *Bonzini, M., Comotti, A., Fattori, A., Cantù, F., Colombo, E., Tombola, V., Myslymi, E., Gatti, M., Stucchi, G., Nava, C., Bordini, L., Riboldi, L., & Brambilla, P. 2022. One year facing COVID. Systematic evaluation of risk factors associated with mental distress among hospital workers in Italy. Front. Psychiatry, 13: 834753.

Booth, L. C., Schwalb, M. E., Kim, P. Y., & Adler, A. B. 2021. Health-promoting leadership during an infectious disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study of US soldiers deployed to Liberia. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 209(5): 362-369.

Boothroyd, R. A., Green, S., & Dougherty, A. 2019. Evaluation of operation restore: A brief intervention for first responders exposed to traumatic events. Traumatology, 25(3): 162-171.

Borho, A., Georgiadou, E., Grimm, T., Morawa, E., Silbermann, A., Nißlbeck, W., & Erim, Y. 2019. Professional and volunteer refugee aid workers–depressive symptoms and their predictors, experienced traumatic events, ptsd, burdens, engagement motivators and support needs. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(22), 4542.

Boscarino, J. A., Adams, R. E., & Figley, C. R. 2006. Worker productivity and outpatient service use after the September 11th attacks: Results from the New York City terrorism outcome study. Am. J. Ind. Med., 49(8): 670-682.

Bosmans, M. W. G., & Van der Velden, P. G. 2018. The effect of employment status in postdisaster recovery: A longitudinal comparative study among employed and unemployed affected residents. J. Trauma. Stress, 31(3): 460-466. *Boudoukha, A. H., Altintas, E., Rusinek, S., Fantini-Hauwel, C., & Hautekeete, M. 2013. Inmates-to-staff assaults, PTSD and burnout: Profiles of risk and vulnerability. J. Interpers. Violence, 28(11): 2332-2350.

Boulos, D., & Zamorski, M. A. 2016. Contribution of the mission in Afghanistan to the burden of past-year mental disorders in Canadian Armed Forces personnel, 2013. Can. J. Psychiatry, 61(1): 64S-76S.

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*Bourassa, D. 2012. Examining self-protection measures guarding adult protective services social workers against compassion fatigue. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(9):1699–1715.

Brémault-Phillips, S., Cherwick, T., Smith-MacDonald, L. A., Huh, J., & Vermetten, E. 2022. Forgiveness: A key component of healing from moral injury? Front. Psychiatry, 13: 906945. *Brend, D. M., Krane, J., & Saunders, S. 2019. Exposure to trauma in intimate partner violence human service work: A scoping review. Traumatology, 26(1): 127-136.

Brennstuhl, M. J., Tarquinio, C., Strub, L., Montel, S., Rydberg, J. A., & Kapoula, Z. 2013. Benefits of immediate EMDR vs. Eclectic therapy intervention for victims of physical violence and accidents at the workplace: A pilot study. Issues Ment. Health Nurs., 34(6): 425-434. *Breslau, N., Lucia, V. C., & Davis, G. C. 2004. Partial PTSD versus full PTSD: An empirical examination of associated impairment. Psychol. Med., 34(7): 1205-1214.

Brief, D. J., Rubin, A., Enggasser, J. L., Roy, M., & Keane, T. M. 2011. Web-based intervention for returning veterans with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and risky alcohol use. J. Contemp. Psychother., 41(4): 237-246. *Britt, T. W., Adler, A. B., Sawhney, G., & Bliese, P. D. 2017. Coping strategies as moderators of the association between combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. J. Trauma. Stress, 30(5): 491-501.

Britt, T. W., Herleman, H. A., Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Moore, D., Castro, C. A., & Hoge, C. W. 2017. How the potential benefits of active combat events may partially offset their costs. International journal of stress management, 24(2): 156-172.

Britt, T. W., Wilson, C. A., Sawhney, G., & Black, K. J. 2020. Perceived unit climate of support for mental health as a predictor of stigma, beliefs about treatment, and help-seeking behaviors among military personnel.

Psychol. Serv., 17(2): 141-150.

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