GARDENING:
Inside the project to save an iconic masterpiece
Renovations at Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater are scheduled to be completed by spring of 2026
By Ashley Stimpson
The Washington Post
Home renovations can be a headache. But when your home is a UNESCO World Heritage site that receives hundreds of thousands of visitors a year and (small caveat) was built atop a waterfall, renovations are more like a migraine: protracted and high-pressure.
For the past two years, staff at Fallingwater, Frank Lloyd Wright’s many-terraced masterpiece in the woods of Pennsylvania’s Laurel Highlands, have found themselves in the middle of a home improvement project on steroids. They are overseeing a $7 million renovation to replace and restore roofs, flashing, window and door frames, and exterior walls. And they’re doing all of it while hewing to strict historic preservation standards and managing the expectations of visitors who flock from around the world to see one of the most iconic buildings of the 20th century.
The renovation is routine and also very necessary, says Fallingwater director Justin Gunther, “to eliminate water infiltration challenges.” In other words: Fallingwater was leaking.
Not that anyone was surprised. The homes of the legendary architect, who
pushed the limits of design and technology, are well-known for their drip, drip, drips, even when they aren’t perched on water features.
“In the Wright community we describe our houses by how many buckets it requires to capture all the leaks,” Gunther says. “We’re hoping to get to no buckets.”
Fine art out in the rain
Edgar J. Kaufmann Sr., the owner of a large department store in nearby Pittsburgh, commissioned Fallingwater, which was designed and constructed in the late 1930s. While the Kaufmanns enjoyed their summer home — famously cantilevered over a 30-foot waterfall — for more than three decades before turning it over to the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy, the family noticed problems with the house from the start.
“Edgar Jr. documented leaks before they moved in,” says Jamie Hudson, preservation project manager at Fallingwater. “So, it’s always been a problem.”
Particularly problematic are the flat roofs and terraces that make Fallingwater so indelible — and provide the perfect place for water to pool. “In southwestern Pennsylvania, that was probably a bad idea to begin with, because we get so much rain and snow,” Gunther says. “But Wright often joked his buildings were like leaving fine art out in the rain.”
Ironically, the “water” in Fallingwater’s name — the creek and waterfall below — is not the source of moisture infiltration. Instead, water has gotten into the house in other ways: seeping in around window and door frames and through voids in the stone masonry walls, which were filled with rubble during construction that has settled over the last century.
Like many homeowners, staff at Fallingwater have been doing spot repairs since the last major waterproofing and reroofing was completed more than two
decades ago. “Little Band-Aids,” Hudson calls them.
By 2023, it was time for full-blown surgery.
‘You can’t do things half’
In addition to replacing every one of Fallingwater’s roofs and repairing and repainting each steel window and door frame, renovation crews also have been busy injecting grout into the home’s exterior stone masonry walls. In total, nearly 12 tons of grout — approximately 1,740 gallons — have been pumped into the famous ocher walls to fill existing voids.
Hudson says staff looked for contractors with experience in historic preservation to perform the work, and they prioritized local firms whenever possible. “There is a precedent for that because that’s who built the house,” she says.
Completed in 1939, Fallingwater, its guesthouse and its service quarters were built almost entirely by local craftsmen using materials quarried on-site. Some of those workers were still around when senior maintenance specialist Ben Morrison, who grew up and still lives just four miles away, started working at Fallingwater in 2002.
“They had built barns and houses and you name it, and they brought those skills here,” says Morrison, who typically “does a little bit of everything” in his role at Fallingwater, including cutting grass and laying stone, and has had a hand in many of the recent renovations. Morrison and his team of contractors face a lot of the same challenges the original builders did almost 100 years
ago, including the hilly terrain and moody weather. During winter, mist from the falls coats everything — including scaffolding — in a dangerous skin of ice.
But 2025 also presents new difficulties. For one thing, the stream that rushes below the house is now a state-protected waterway, meaning workers must be extra vigilant about where building materials wind up.
“When you’re working on Fallingwater, you can’t drop anything,” Morrison says. “Not a nail, not a drill bit, not anything.”
The home too is a fragile ecosystem, full of furniture that Wright designed and paintings by artists including Pablo Picasso and Diego Rivera. Those objects don’t mix well with power tools. Morrison says that every morning he even tucks “the 9,000 keys” he typically wears on a belt into his back pocket, where they can’t accidentally scratch the house’s delicate woodwork.
Fallingwater’s distinction as a UNESCO World Heritage site, as well as its spot on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, also means that workers must proceed much slower and with more caution than they would during an ordinary project.
“You can’t do things half at Fallingwater,” Morrison says. “What would normally take you an hour to do at home, you can’t do it like that here.” But treating the home like fine china, he says, “isn’t a burden; it’s second nature.”
Multiple architectural experts, as well as the state’s historic preservation office, vetted the renovation plans.
The main living room at Fallingwater, the renowned work by Frank Lloyd Wright in Pennsylvania’s Laurel Highlands. Cover photo: Scaffolding is up and renovations are underway on Fallingwater, (PHOTOS BY QUINN GLABICKI FOR THE WASHINGTON POST)
Ben Morrison, senior maintenance specialist at Fallingwater, has worked at the home since 2002 and been involved with several of its recent renovations. (QUINN GLABICKI FOR THE WASHING-
POST)
Lee Reich | In the Garden
The many benefits of drip irrigation
AHOT, DRY SUMMER TYPI-
cally has my vegetable garden looking its best. Then, baskets of red, ripe tomatoes and peppers sit on the kitchen floor awaiting metamorphosis into sauces and salsas, dehydration, or just plain being eaten.
What about water in such seasons? My garden plants remain plump with water thanks to drip irrigation. In addition to benefits to the plant, drip is also good for the environment, typically using only about 40% of the amount of water used by sprinkling. That’s because the more pinpointed water avoids wasting water in paths and other places it’s not needed. Also because little water is lost to evaporation.
The “drip” in drip irrigation tells you that water is applied at a very slow rate, which is especially appealing to those of us whose water comes from a well. With drip, the well has plenty of time to recharge between waterings.
Drip is also better for plants. Leaves stay dry, lessening the chance for disease. And rather than flooding the ground, which a sprinkler does at each
GARDEN NOTES
STOCKBRIDGE
Upcoming program at Berkshire
Botanical Garden
Berkshire Botanical Garden presents the following upcoming programs:
• Monday, Sept. 1, Music Mondays: Wanda Houston Band, from 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Concerts are held in front of the Fitzpatrick Greenhouse. Food will be available for purchase from Hand Crafted Catering + Events, and beer and wine can be purchased from Another Round Mobile Bar. Come early and join for the farmers market from 3 to 6 p.m. Admission is $15 members, $25 nonmembers.
• Tuesdays, Sept. 2 through 23, “Herbaceous Plants.” This intensive four-session class led by Lee Buttala from 5:30 to 8:30 p.m., explores the world of herbaceous plants, from their identification, selection and use in the garden through their basic botany, life cycle
my timer to the spigot and I’m pretty much ready to go. The rest of the setup remains out in the garden year ‘round. I turn it on and pretty much forget about watering until late October, when I bring the timer back to where it won’t freeze.
But I’m getting ahead of myself. Let’s get into the weeds (which also will be less with drip irrigation). No need to be intimidated by the prospect of “setting up a drip irrigation system.” If you enjoy(ed) Tinker Toys or Legos, setting it up will be fun and easy; if not, it may not be fun but it still will be easy.
incoming pressure. Those holes also can become clogged with roots or debris.)
For larger plants or wide spacings, you punch holes in the main line where individual emitters can be plugged in near each plant.
For a bed of lettuce or carrots or other closely spaced plants, you instead plug emitter tubing, which comes with emitters at specified spacings, into the main line. You can choose from various emitter spacings, from 6 to 18 inches, as well as drip rate, starting at 1/2 gallon per hour.
watering, drip keeps soil moisture within that happy window when larger pores remain filled with air, and water is held within smaller pores so that roots can both breathe and draw in water. (This is one reason for the more efficient water use of drip irrigation.)
Drip irrigation is also better for you and me. In April I bring out and attach
and propagation. Participants are asked to create a final project highlighting a genus or plant family related to the curriculum. A part of the Level 1 horticulture core curriculum, this class is essential for the committed gardener and includes lectures, hands-on activities, field study, and group discussion. The class aspires to give participants a deeper understanding of annuals, perennials and ornamental vegetables and their role in the garden. Students should dress for outdoor field study. All students participating in this class as part of the Horticulture Certificate Program are required to complete a final project. Cost $215 members, $240 nonmembers.
• Friday, Sept. 5, “Grass Menagerie.” Grasses are an integral component of naturalistic plantings, the garden style popularized by New York City’s High Line and the “Dutch Wave.” But with names like Schizachyrium, Spodiopogon, and Hakonechloa, they can be bewildering to even experienced gardeners.
The bare bones of a drip system starts with inexpensive, black plastic tubing — the “main line” — which brings the water from your hose spigot out to your garden. Now for the elegant part: water is distributed throughout your garden through “emitters.” These holes are more than just holes. They are engineered orifices designed to drip water at a specified rate and to avoid clogging. (Contrast this with “soaker hoses” whose holes’ output varies depending on the elevation along the line, the distance from the water source, and the
Join plantsman Robert Clyde Anderson from 2 to 5 p.m., for an overview of the most useful and beautiful species and cultivars for our climate, with an emphasis on their ecological value, distinguishing characteristics, and design possibilities. This three-hour session will include an illustrated lecture, handouts, and an on-site walkabout on the BBG grounds, as well as time for questions and shared experiences. Cost $50 members, $70 nonmembers. To register or for more information, visit www. berkshirebotanical.org.
Berkshire Botanical Garden is located at 5 West Stockbridge Road.
GREENFIELD Western Mass Master Gardener Association program
The Western Massachusetts Master Gardener Association (WMMGA) will be at the Greenfield Public Library,
If there’s anything that’s confusing about drip irrigation, it’s the number of choices you’ve got to make. In addition to the aforementioned, there are types of emitters, types of connectors to get mainline around sharp bends or up into a raised beds, diameter of main line (more distance or more emitters want wider tubing, etc.). And then there are kits, which I suggest against because you’ll end up with some components you don’t need and lacking some components you do need.
SEE REICH , PAGE F5
402 Main St., to answer your gardening questions and offer pH soil testing on Saturday, Sept. 6 and 13, from 10 a.m. to noon. Bring a sample of soil to learn what your garden needs to flourish. For information on collecting soil samples, see “How to Test Your Soil” ononline at https://wmmga.org/ The Western Massachusetts Master Gardener Association (WMMGA) is a member-managed nonprofit organization dedicated to the educational mission of promoting good and sustainable gardening practices. Each Master Gardener has completed an in-depth training program,
including hands-on activities in gardening and public education, and has made a commitment to participate in WMMGA-sponsored public programs each year. WMMGA is an affiliate of the national Master Gardener program of the American Horticultural Society. For more information, contact Pamela McBride at librarian@greenfieldpubliclibrary. org, or call 413-772-1544. This program, free and open to the public, is a rain or shine event.
Send items for Garden Notes to pmastriano@repub.com two weeks prior to publication.
One drip at a time, drip irrigation replaces water in the ground as plant roots draw it out.
Falling
CONTINUES FROM PAGE F2
And while the project has incorporated modern technology that would have been foreign to Wright — gas-powered generators, ground-penetrating radar and liquid grout injection, for example — his vision remains the team’s North Star.
“We always honor the original design of the architect,” Gunther says.
Preservation in progress
On a Tuesday in July, a dozen or so visitors ambled between
Fallingwater’s main living room and its terrace, museum-tour headsets dangling from their ears, appearing more intrigued than irritated by the tower of scaffolding and tarps that rose above them.
In the second-floor dressing room, some stole glances onto the west terrace, which was covered in plywood and scattered with paint buckets.
“People like to see you work,” Morrison says. “Most of the visitors like to see what you’re doing, how you’re fixing things, how you’re trying to save it from decay.”
Reich
CONTINUES FROM PAGE F4
Drip emitters need not be right next to your plants because the wetting front from each emitter spreads out within the soil and, if emitters are close enough, will overlap. My vegetable beds are 3 feet wide and I run two lines of emitter tubing down the length of each bed. The emitters on the tubing are spaced 6 inches apart, each dripping one-half gallon per hour of water.
Other components for your drip system would include a pressure reducer and a filter which follow the timer, which is attached to a spigot. These three components are the only ones that need to be brought indoors for winter. Also, you need hold-downs to keep lines in place, various gizmos for closing off ends of lines, and neat little valves in case you want to be able to turn individual lines on or off.
My suggestion is to plan your system by drawing it all out on paper over a diagram of your garden layout. I also suggest that you buy components from an online source specializing in drip irrigation, such as dripdepot.com, dripirrigation.com, theurbanfarmstore.com, or dripworks.com. They have tutorials and live phone help. If you need further help designing your system, hire someone with expertise in drip (such as guess who?).
So, you have all the main lines and emitters laid out,
wending their way back to the filter, pressure reducer, and timer. When do you water? Ideally, drip irrigation drips water into the ground at about the rate at which plants use water, which goes on all day long. In my book “Weedless Gardening,” I devote a whole section to drip irrigation, even offering a formula to computer water timing. Ignore it (just the formula, not the rest of the drip information); it’s overly complicated.
Large plants use more water than small plants, and all plants use more water on hot, sunny, windy days. I simplify everything by having my timer let the water run every day for about 30 minutes. Since plants use water throughout the day, I try to space out that 30 minutes throughout the day. I once had a timer that could turn the water on and off 6 times a day, so water flowed at 8 a.m., 10 p.m., noon, etc. My present timer only has four options per day, so the water runs at 8 a.m., 11 a.m., 2 p.m. and 5 p.m. If we’re in a rainy period, I’ll manually turn of the system, putting a Post-It on my bathroom mirror to remind me the drip is off so I don’t forget to turn it back on.
The whole system is pretty foolproof . . . but that shouldn’t stop you from checking the lines every once in a while to make sure all systems are “go.”
In dry years, I am especially diligent in checking the lines, which is another reason for the present cornucopia of vegetables.
A renovation worker lays new roofing material above the third floor on Aug. 20. Every roof at Fallingwater is being replaced. (QUINN
GLABICKI / FOR THE WASHINGTON POST)
Gardening’s hidden benefits
How digging in the dirt could bolster mental well-being
By Jessica Damiano Associated Press
IF YOU SPEND ANY time gardening, you probably understand what I mean when I say it feels good — despite the lifting, sweating and straining involved. Yes, exercise is good for our bodies, but there’s something about digging in the dirt while listening to a bird soundtrack that lifts my spirits. Even the scent of the soil and mulch makes me happy.
As it turns out, there are scientific reasons for this.
In fact, there’s an entire field called horticultural therapy that’s dedicated to using “plant-based and garden-based activities to support people who have identified treatment needs,” according to Karen Haney, a horticultural therapy instructor at UCLA Extension in Long Beach, California.
“Research suggests 20-30 minutes (of gardening) a few times a week can reduce stress and lift mood, with benefits increasing the more regularly one gardens,” says Sarah
Thompson, a professionally registered horticultural therapist in Boise, Idaho.
It’s not just about being outdoors
Yes, the simple act of being in nature can improve mood and restore focus, she said, but “the active engagement of nurturing plants, making decisions and seeing results over time adds a unique layer of meaning and satisfaction that passive time outdoors does not.”
In addition, Thompson said gardening has been shown to ease symptoms of anxiety and depression, and fosters a sense of calm, purpose and accomplishment.
A recent study at the University of Colorado-Boulder backs this up.
The researchers there provided one group of participants with an instructional gardening class, seeds, starter plants and a community gardening plot. They had a second group refrain from gardening for two years.
The gardening cohorts reported stronger social connections, lower stress levels and about a 7% increase in fiber intake, which have been shown to reduce risk factors for some physical and mental illnesses, including depression, high
blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and cancer. They also reported a 42-minute weekly increase in physical activity, which the non-gardeners did not.
A mindful, rewarding and versatile activity
Previous studies have arrived at similar findings. In 2020, for instance, researchers at the University of Exeter and the Royal Horticultural Society in the U.K. found the health and well-being of gardeners over non-gardeners to be similar to that of residents of wealthy communities over those who live in poorer areas.
In addition to encouraging mindfulness, grounding people in the present moment and providing a sense of achievement, Thompson said, “research has also shown that exposure to sunlight can boost serotonin levels, while contact with soil introduces beneficial microbes linked to mood enhancement.”
So, it seems you just can’t go wrong with gardening.
“Physically, gardening improves strength, flexibility and balance. Socially, it can foster connection. Cognitively, it engages problem solving and creativity,” Thompson said, adding that it’s a highly adaptable activity.
“Gardening can be scaled to
any space, ability or age, and its benefits are accessible to everyone,” she said.
Deep down, we gardeners have always believed this. Now, we have the science to prove it.
Fallingwater receives about 140,000 visitors a year, and during the renovation, staff have worked to temper their expectations.
“We always try to be as forthright as possible, with website advisories and a live cam,” says Clinton Piper, senior administrator of special projects. The site also has offered special preservation tours for visitors who want to peek behind the scaffolding to see the work in progress. “These are moments that aren’t likely to happen again; we say take advantage of them.”
Renovations are scheduled
Jessica Damiano writes weekly gardening columns for the AP and publishes the award-winning Weekly Dirt Newsletter. You can sign up here for weekly gardening tips and advice.
to be completed by spring of 2026, just in time for the 90th anniversary of the beginning of the home’s construction.
“I think we’ll all be relieved to get back to normalcy,” Piper says. “It’s always nice to see everything put back together.”
For Morrison, the end of the renovation will be bittersweet.
“We’ve gotten to know all the contractors, and it will be sad to see those guys go,” he says.
“Still, it will be nice to take a breath, and for the visitors to walk down the hill and see the house complete.”
But like anyone who’s cared for a home across decades, Morrison knows the job is never really finished.
“We’ll still have plenty of work to do.”
A woman works in the garden in Long Island, N.Y., on Aug. 21. (JESSICA DAMIANO VIA AP)
At left, bookshelves built into a stone staircase inside Fallingwater. Above, the main living room at Fallingwater features views of the woods of southwestern Pennsylvania’s Laurel Highlands.
(QUINN GLABICKI /FOR THE WASHINGTON POST)
Terry & Kim Kovel | Antiques & Collecting
WPA dolls were often collected as folk art
LABOR DAY IS A GOOD time to reflect on the history of workers in America. One of the most interesting periods came during the Great Depression with the Works Progress Administration, later called the Work Projects Administration, from 1935 to 1943. As part of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal, artists were employed to work on federally funded projects.
Some of these projects are pieces by great artists of the 20th century, like photographs by Dorothea Lange, sculptures by Augusta Savage or murals by Grant Wood. Others, often collected as folk art today, were utilitarian items made by workers with little or no previous artistic training. These include the cloth dolls known as “WPA dolls.” They were made for schools or museum displays. Many had educational purposes, like the dolls dressed in historical or international costumes, or representing characters from stories and nursery rhymes. Some were for children’s play.
This doll with long blond braids and a pink dress sold for $354 at Apple Tree Auction Center. Listed as a “WPA Cloth Girl,” not a specific character or historical figure, she was probably made as a toy for a school or nursery. After all, as psychologist Jean Piaget said, play is the work of childhood.
Q. I have two Dirigold napkin rings in the original box. Can you tell me how much they are worth?
A. Dirigold is an alloy of several metals, including copper and aluminum, that resembles gold or brass. It was invented in 1914 by Swedish metallurgist Carl Molin, who produced and exported it with Oscar Von Malmborg. Dirigold was used to make flatware and hollowware. Their company opened a sales office in Minneapolis in 1924, then a factory in Kokomo, Indiana. In 1935, the company was sold and became American Art Alloys. The name of the product
Cloth dolls like this one aren’t only toys —they are pieces of American history. They were made by hand in the 1930s and ‘40s by artisans who received training and employment from the Works Progress Administration. (APPLE TREE AUCTION CENTER)
was changed to Dirilyte after a 1935 suit from the Federal Trade Commission that said the name “Dirigold” was misleading because the metal did not contain any gold. A bonded protective coating to prevent tarnish was added to pieces starting in 1961. The company became part of Hand Industries, Inc., in Warsaw, Indiana, in 1971. Production of Dirilyte stopped in 1986. Today, sets of Dirigold or Dirilyte flatware can sell for about $50 to $150, depending on the pattern and how many pieces are in the set. Individual serving pieces like trays or decorative pieces like vases or candlesticks can be worth anywhere from about $10 to $100. Napkin rings appear to be fairly rare, so we estimate yours may be worth about $20 to $50; possibly more if they have a very elaborate design like the figural silver plate napkin rings popular in Victorian times.
her hips. The provocative image made Russell an instant star and a favorite pin-up among World War II servicemen. It was frequently reproduced. Handkerchiefs were a popular souvenir in World War II because they are small and lightweight. They usually had painted or printed images and were often meant to be displayed as a more durable alternative to pictures or prints on paper. Some soldiers painted their own, and some were mass-produced with printed pictures.
World War II-era handkerchiefs like yours are usually worth about $20 to $75, depending on size (larger ones are usually worth more), condition, and whether the design is printed or hand-painted (painted ones are usually more valuable).
A close look may tell you whether yours is printed or painted. Painted pigments will have penetrated the cloth and may show brush strokes. Whether you keep or sell it is up to you. If you decide to sell it, collectors of pin-up art, vintage textiles, or World War II memorabilia may be interested.
CURRENT PRICES
Current prices are recorded from antiques shows, flea markets, sales and auctions throughout the United States. Prices vary in different locations because of local economic conditions. Doorstop, Charleston dancers, man and woman, painted, red dress, black suit, red base, cast iron, marked, Ann Fish, Hubley, c. 1930, 8 1/2 inches, $60. Furniture, chair, Robsjohn-Gibbings, blue green upholstery, tapered legs, open arms, mid-20th century, 32 inches, $160. Print, Sanchez, Emilio, Sunday Afternoon, stylized figures, Jamaican women, white dresses and hats, lithograph, signed, numbered, 1958, 15 x 12 inches, $275.
Tool, chest, machinist’s, lift lid, fold down front panel, drawers, top handle, H. Gerstner & Sons, 20 x 14 inches, $285.
Q. My father had a very old silk handkerchief that he said he got during World War II. It is approximately 9 by 9 inches, and he kept it in great condition. It has a picture of Jane Russell with a gun. After looking online, I saw she did many photos and posters with guns. Odd. But this one is a nude. Is it worth any money, and should I keep or sell it?
A. Jane Russell (1921-2011) made her first movie, “The Outlaw,” directed by Howard Hawkes and Howard Hughes, in 1943 when she was 19. She played Rio McDonald, the love interest of Billy the Kid. One of the film’s most famous images, used on the poster and in publicity materials, featured Russell lying in hay and holding a gun, wearing a low-cut blouse with her skirt hiked nearly to
TIP: Don’t store fabrics in plastic bags. Use a well-washed white pillowcase. Plastic holds moisture, and the fabrics should “breathe.”
Kovels answers readers’ questions sent to the column. Send a letter with one question describing the size, material (glass, pottery) and what you know about the item. Include only two pictures: the object and a close-up of any marks or damage. Be sure your name and return address are included. By sending a question, you give full permission for use in any Kovel product. Names, addresses or email addresses will not be published. We do not guarantee the return of photographs, but if a stamped envelope is included, we will try. Questions that are answered will appear in Kovels Publications. Write to Kovels, The Republican, King Features Syndicate, 300 W. 57th Street, 41st Floor, New York, NY 10019, or email us at collectorsgallery@ kovels.com.
Clothing, scarf, Passementerie, illustrated tassels and cords, multicolor, ivory ground, fuchsia border, silk twill, Francoise Faconnet, Hermes, 34 inches, $290. Game, bagatelle, Shooting Star, planet and star graphics, orange, yellow, white, blue ground, Gotham, 21 inches, $335. Purse, lizard skin, red, flared base, front flap, round top handle, goldtone hardware, detachable shoulder strap, label, Salvatore Ferragamo, 7 1/2 inches, $550. Kitchen, ice box, oak, mirror back, shaped crests, relief scrolls and leaves, two open shelves, turned pillars, two cabinet doors over two drawers, twist pilasters, painted enamel interior, 70 x 39 inches, $625.
Glass-contemporary, vase, Arrowleaf, bulbous base, stick neck, iridescent, pulled feathers, cranberry ground, signed, dated, Charles Lotton, 1991, 12 inches, $910. Coin-operated, gumball machine, figural, rocket, metal, round windows, painted, red, white, blue, on stand, 63 inches, $1,065.
Average rate on 30-year mortgage slips to 10-month low
By A lex Veiga Associated Press
The average rate on a 30year U.S. mortgage slipped this week to its lowest level in 10 months, but remains close to where it’s been in recent weeks.
The long-term rate eased to 6.56% from 6.58% last week, mortgage buyer Freddie Mac said Thursday. A year ago, the rate averaged 6.35%.
Borrowing costs on 15-year fixed-rate mortgages, popular with homeowners refinancing their home loans, were unchanged from last week. The average rate held steady at 5.69%. A year ago, it was 5.51%, Freddie Mac said. Elevated mortgage rates have added to a slump in the U.S. housing market that began in early 2022, when rates began climbing from pandemic lows.
Deeds
AGAWAM
For much of the year, the average rate on a 30-year mortgage has hovered relatively close to its 2025 high of just above 7%, set in mid-January. It’s has mostly trended lower six weeks in a row and is now at the lowest level since Oct. 24, when it averaged 6.54%.
The recent downward trend in mortgage rates bodes well for prospective homebuyers who have been held back by stubbornly high home financing costs.
But it has yet to translate into a turnaround for home sales, which have remained sluggish this year after sinking in 2024 to their lowest level in nearly 30 years.
Economists generally expect the average rate on a 30-year mortgage to remain near the mid-6% range this year.
Mortgage rates are influenced by several factors, from
Alan R. Duprey and Jennie L. Duprey to Jared William Durocher, 109 South Park Terrace, $362,900.
Elaine M. Shelanskas, Elaine M. Shelankas, Diane D. Griffiths and Diane D. Willett to Cynthia A. Feeley, 17G Castle Hill Road, $365,000.
Elias Family Limited Partnership, Aziz S. Elias, Aziz Sadiq Elias, Deborah Elias and Deborah Lynn Elias to Vilma Y. Hernandez, 567-569 Springfield St., $335,000.
Jerome Richard to Anatoli Kondratiouk and Tatiana Kondratiouk, Mill Street, Lot A, $140,000.
Jerome Richard to JCS Properties LLC, Mill Street, Lot B, $140,000.
Pietro A. Abruzzo and Stephanie A. Abruzzo to Steven Gerard Hall and Jeannie K. Hall, 28 Hastings St., $325,000.
Ralph Santaniello, Michael Presnal and Michael Presnat to S & K Food LLC, 135 Cooper St., $700,000.
Thomas P. Gallagher and Anna M. Gallagher to James Kayrouz, 99 Elizabeth St., $905,000.
AMHERST
Matthew P. Linn and Carrie A. Hosman to Nicholas Francis Osborne and Courtney Christine Babbitt, 95 Larkspur Drive, $835,000.
Audrey Child to Sophie Rubin and William Smith, 120 Pulpit Hill Road, $297,388.
the Federal Reserve’s interest rate policy decisions to bond market investors’ expectations for the economy and inflation.
The main barometer is the 10-year Treasury yield, which lenders use as a guide to pricing home loans. The yield was at 4.21% at midday Thursday, down from 4.24% late Wednesday.
The yield has been mostly easing since mid-July as bond traders weighed data on inflation, the job market and how the potential economic impact of the Trump administration’s tariffs may influence the Fed’s interest rate policy moves.
In a high-profile speech last week, Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell signaled the central bank may cut rates soon even as inflation risks remain elevated.
Powell noted that there are risks of both rising unemploy-
Malinda B. Chapman, personal representative, and Elinor Eastman Weeks, estate, to Abigail Eastman Weeks, 18 Emerson Court, $100.
Simon C. Leutz and Kristin B. Leutz to Srinivas Loke and Chandravathi Loke, 116 High St., $900,000.
Jiamin Li to Robert George Sullivan, 7 Moss Lane, $475,000.
Amhad Development Corp., to Janaki A. Thomas, 28 Greenleaves Drive, $327,000.
Amhad Development Corp., to Mary Ellen Lecca, 28 Greenleaves Drive, $441,000.
John E. Bateson to Sundararaman Sankaran and Subashree Gopalakrishan, 252 West St., $240,000.
Frank H. Thornton to Rebecca Louisa Porter Fricke, trustee, Leila Miriam Porter, trustee, and Porter Family Trust, 36 Railroad St., $270,000.
Elizabeth M. Gatti, trustee, and Frank M. Gatti Revocable Trust to John D. Barry, trustee, Felicity H. Barry, trustee, and John D. Barry Trust, 53 Iduna Lane, $805,000.
ASHFIELD
David B. Gilbert Keith, trustee of the David B. Gilbert Keith Trust, to Elizabeth R. Busky and Lois A. Ebel, Ashfield Mountain Road, $250,000.
BELCHERTOWN
Pamela J. Martins to Michael Gouin and Amy Porter, 111 Aldrich St., $625,000.
Nicholas F. Osborne, Nicholas F. Osbourne and Courtney C. Babbitt to John J. Montesi Jr., and Danielle A. Fox, 6 Pease Lane, $455,000.
Angela A. McMahon, Justin T. Serpone and
ment and stubbornly higher inflation, and suggested that with hiring sluggish, the job market could weaken further. That could warrant the Fed adjusting its “policy stance,” he said.
The central bank has so far been hesitant to cut interest rates out of fear that Trump’s tariffs could push inflation higher, but data showing hiring slowed last month have fueled speculation that the Fed will cut its main shortterm interest rate next month.
The Fed doesn’t set mortgage rates. And while a Fed rate cut could give the job market and overall economy a boost, it could also fuel inflation.
That could push bond yields higher, driving mortgage rates upward in turn.
“While the Fed is likely to cut interest rates at their
Angela Serpone to Edward Perez, 248 Amherst Road, $359,000.
Clara B. Crandall to Steven S. Alves, 15 Country Lane, $255.000.
Joseph Tuminelli and Fallon Tuminelli to Cali Jocelyn Madden, 40 Ware Road, $285.000.
Elaine Lanoue, trustee, and Elaine Lanoue Revocable Trust to Dong Yu and Min Pang, 24 Azalea Way, $570,000.
Rebecca L. Passa, personal representative, and Christine A. Pratt, estate, to Sianna Plavin, 91 Gulf Road, $353,500.
Nadla T. Smith to NTS Family Trust and Nadla T. Smith, trustee, 26 Stebbins St., $100.
Stephanie M. Nichols and Robert J. Nichols to J. Sperry Realty LLC, 106 Main St., $212,167.
BRIMFIELD
Anton A. Prenneis, Amy E. Ferber and Courtney Abbott to Donald Doucette and Rebecca Doucette, 391 Brookfield Road, $590,000.
Donald S. Pillsbury, trustee, Donald Pillsbury 2022 Revocable Trust, trustee of, Tracey L. Pillsbury, trustee, and Tracey L. Pillsbury 2022 Revocable Trust, trustee of, to Benjamin C. Tubo and Amy Tubo, 104 Allen Hill Road, $750,000.
CHESTER
Joy L. Salvini and Joy L. Violante to Yakov Kronrod, 45-47 Middlefield Road, $233,000.
CHESTERFIELD
Thomas A. Lemire to Melvin Rodriguez and Veronica Rodriguez, 85 Damon Pond Road, $425,000.
September meeting, it is not at all certain that mortgage rates are going to come down,” said Lisa Sturtevant, chief economist at Bright MLS. “As a result, buyers and sellers are still going to be cautious and the market could remain gridlocked this fall.”
New data on contract signings suggest home sales could remain sluggish in the near term.
A seasonally adjusted index of pending U.S. home sales fell 0.4% in July from the previous month, the National Association of Realtors reported Thursday.
Pending home sales rose 0.7% from July last year.
There’s usually a month or two lag between a contract signing and when the sale is finalized, which makes pending home sales a bellwether for future completed home sales.
William A. Carey Jr., and Judith H. Carey to Nicole K. Redmond, 11 Farmhouse Road, $435,000.
CHICOPEE
Andre J. Talbot to Timothy Foley and Daniel Stamborski, 24 Driscoll St., $250,000.
Brian M. Hickey and Roseann E. Hickey to Mitzi C. Lewis-Douglas and Warren P. Douglas Sr., 121 Donlyn Drive, $350,000.
Cheryl A. Desroches, Jeffrey A. Desroches, Michelle Begley, trustee, and Michelle M. Begley, trustee, to Michael V. Kulisz, 35 Dejordy Lane, $590,000.
Cig4 LLC, to Monalisa T. Smith and Cedric L. Smith, 29-31 Casino Ave., $325,000.
Donna Teehan and Jo-anne Lafleur to Elaine R. Cote, 5 Duprat Ave., $215,000.
George S. Teixeira to Daniel Taupier and Kendy A. Taupier, 1072 Montgomery St., $315,000.
James W. Gelinas, trustee, Laurie A. Rowell, trustee, and f Mary M. Gelinas Revocable Indenture of Trust of, trustee of, to Markus R. Rodriguez and Ashley M. Rodriguez, 70 Watson St., $310,000.
Jason R. Zaccaro to Annemarie Begley Gibson, 104 Johnson Road, Unit 905, $275,000.
John W. Czapienski and Elaine C. Czapienski to Scott Alan Czapienski, 112-114 Sherman Ave., $380,000.
Jordyn M. Conway to KCK Real Estate LLC, 58 Ames Ave., $495,000.
Joseph B. Lavato and Danielle Sullivan to Richard Bernard III, and Laura Bernard, 13 Louise Ave., $318,000.
Deeds
Justine R. Jaworski to Emily Woods and Maria Suzette Dacruz, 42 Jacob St., $270,000.
Paul G. Lamontagne, estate, Paul Gerald Lamontagne, estate, and Gerald A. Lamontagne, representative, to Lotus & Hawk LLC, 26 Horseshoe Drive, Unit 6149C, $135,000.
Sharon Cox, Jennifer Donoghue and Edward Donoghue to KMAK LLC, 36-38 Chateaugay St., $180,000. Vantage Home Buyers LLC, to Brenda Bak, 151 Partridge Lane, $225,000.
CUMMINGTON
James Saunders to Miranda Hughes and Lucca Zeray, 224 Berkshire Trail, $380,000.
DEERFIELD
Grandview Estates LLC, to Dawn R. Freeland and Robert B. Freeland, Grand View Drive, $105,000.
Catherine J. Conroy and Janice M. Currie, trustees of the Decker Irrevocable Real Estate Trust, to Ann Scott, 6B Adams Court, Unit 31 Commons of Deerfield, $320,000.
Sherri L. Fuller and Michael E. Ramon to Marc E. Dautreuil II, and Virginia L. Dautreuil, 106 N. Main St., $380,000.
Betheny L. Deshaies. “fka” Betheny L. Foley, and James Douglas Deshais to Sherri L. Fuller and Michael E. Ramon, 248 Stillwater Road, $765,000.
Jennifer M. Zabek to Jennifer M. Zabek and Laura Zabek, 7 Gromacki Ave., $100.
Renee E. Hait, personal representative of the Estate of Margaret A. Temesavari, “aka” Margaret Temesvari, to Iremnur Ceylan and Kagan Yuceturk, 14B Plain Road East, Unit 1B , “aka” Unit 18 Mill Village West Condominium, $280,000.
EAST LONGMEADOW
Daniel J. Robert, representative, Armand Joseph Robert, estate, and Armand J. Robert, estate, to Malia Homebuyers LLC, 213 Kibbe Road, $220,000.
David C. Fazzino and Lynn A. Fazzino to Hunter Shea and Kristen Shea, 38 Country Club Drive, $715,000.
Paul S. Marchese, Victoria G. Marchese and Victoria M. Giella to Timothy G. Jansson and Gisela Pontalti, 211 Parker St., $320,000.
EASTHAMPTON
Katelyn Bouzane and Jonathan A. Adams to Katelyn Bouzane, 14
Russell Lane, $100.
Joseph Bock to Joseph Bock Living Trust and Joseph Bock, trustee, 7 West Greene St., $100.
ERVING
George K. Carner Jr., personal representative of the Estate of George K. Carner, to Rebecca J. Crapo, 12 Warner St., $180,000.
GOSHEN
Jeffrey P. Grandchamp, trustee, George R. Sturtevant, trustee, and Paul E. Bacon Revocable Trust to Tammy Boutwell and Norman E. Boutwell Jr., 71 South Main St., $250,000.
GREENFIELD
New England District of the Christian & Missionary Alliance Inc., to Providence Moldovian Baptist Church, 385 Chapman St., $1,000,000.
Kevin Clarke to Michael Byrnes Devanny, 12 Western Ave., $160,000.
James Dinan and Susan Dinan, “fka” Susan Gibbs, to Josiah Gordon Spencer-Blaetz, 83 Smith St., $305,000
Mary Bucci and Bobbie Clark to Heather Matys and Zachary P. Matys, 283 Chapman St., $425,000.
Lyle M. Augusto to Conner Bobala and Elizabeth Bobala, 24 White Birch Ave., $309,300.
Corinne A. Fitzgerald to Jamie M. Bennett, 21 Raingley Road, $392,000.
Jennifer M. Zabek and Kimberly J. Zabek to Deanna E. Bailey and Sarah M. Norris, 219 High St., $419,000.
HADLEY
Richard E. Kostek, estate, and Carol A. Kostek, personal representative, to Carol A. Kostek, 1 Kennedy Drive, $100.
Albert J. Steppi and Jinchan Qu to Parul Amin and Grish Amin, 5 Adare Place, $945,000.
HAMPDEN
16 Somers Road LLC, to Nicholas W. Turnberg, trustee, and Belmont Avenue Realty Trust, trustee of, 16 Somers Road, $685,000.
HATFIELD
Thomas J. Wickles and Brenda J. Wickles to Elizabeth N. Clarke, 55 Elm St., $650,000.
HEATH
Anthony Barrineau and Corinne Barrineau to Steve Hutchinson, 49 & 67 Shawnee Drive, “fka” 49 & 61
Shawnee Drive, $18,000.
HOLLAND
Jonathan Weaver and Kathleen Weaver to Michele Beusee Hoey and Glenn Joseph Hoey, 11 Hamilton Drive, $435,000.
HOLYOKE
Brandice Rafus-Brenning and Eboni Rafus-Brenning to Paulo Jose Oliveira, 61 Fairfield Ave., $505,000. Gabriella Phelan to James Bell, 44 Congress Ave., $360,000.
Gallagher Capital Group LLC, to Rachelle R. Harper, trustee, James R. Harper, trustee, and JRJA Revocable Trust, trustee of, 24 Maple Crest Circle, Unit B, $230,000.
Maureen A. Oldham, Ryan Oldham and Melissa Oldham to Alba Pagan, 14D Arbor Way, $134,000.
Maureen A. Oldham, Ryan Oldham and Melissa Oldham to Alba Pagan, 14D Arbor Way, $134,000.
Michael D. Morin and Jeanne M. Morin to Tanairy Feliciano and Francisco Santiago, 81 Lynch Drive, $325,000.
Robert B. Chalmers, representative, and Thomas E. Chalmers Jr., estate, to Stanislaw Provost, 30 Hitchcock St., $265,000.
Roger D. Donoghue to Daniel J. Donoghue and Lisa Donoghue, 22 Vadnais St., $225,000.
LONGMEADOW
Alfred Zhu Liu and Aileen Yanlai Jiang to Chelsea Pritchard Tolley and Thomas Nathan Tolley, 236 Williamsburg Drive, $750,000.
Janis Rae Creeger to Bernard Sanvie and Rita Pearl Yeboah, 153 Maple Road, $429,000.
Lauren Klein Zeligson, Deborah L. Salah and Steven M. Klein to Elizabeth M. Klein, 41 Oak Road, $100.
LUDLOW
Agostino Calheno and Manuela Rosa-Calheno to Lori A. Lewicki and Andre A. Gagne, 111 Springmeadow Drive, $775,000.
Alzira Lopes to Deven Kristopher Collignon and Samantha Jade Collignon, 47 Americo St., $375,000.
Barbara Rivette and Donald W. Rivette to Palmira Ferreira and Jorge Ferreira, 69 Michael St., $278,000.
Edward G. Robichaud, representative, and Lisa A. Robichaud, estate, to Dominic Kirchner II, trustee, and Ushokoledi Realty Trust, trustee of, 33 Grimard St., $165,250.
Henrique M. Bastos and Veni A. Bastos to Saima Younas, 70 Chapin Greene Drive, $293,000.
Trevor J. Lewicki and Brianna Lewic-
ki to Nadir Palantino and Michael Edward Mulhollen Jr., 49 Crest St., $302,500.
MONSON
Charles A. Ramadon Jr., trustee, Stephen L. Marhelewicz, trustee, and Charles A. Ramadon Sr., Revocable Trust, trustee of, to Dany Nguyen and Hang T Tran, 371 Boston Road W, $340,000.
Christopher Krupczak to Robert Bukowski, 160V Silver St., $90,000.
George R. Tower Jr., and Amber J. Tower to Thomas W .Shumway Jr., and Amanda Shumway, 4 Dunhamtown Palmer Road, $400,000.
MONTAGUE
Judith A. Gatland and Jonathan R. Lord to Hannah Gold and Griffin Leistinger, 96 High St., $353,000.
Justin T. Fermann to Christina L. Feller and Evelyn Lane, 48 Randall Wood Drive, $439,500.
Audrey Furtado and Manuel Furtado to Nancy Underwood and Thomas Underwood, 67 Hillside Road, $308,000.
Donna G. Petersen to Elizabeth O’Hara and Sheryl Ann Sensenig, 166 East Chestnut Hill Road, $253,000.
Karen M. Greene, trustee of the John A. Greene Investment Trust, and Karen M. Greene, trustee of the Karen M. Greene Investment Trust, to Jordyn Croteau and Nicholas Croteau, 25 Davis St., $365,000.
Laurel A. Jablonski, “fka” Laurel A. Guy, to Gary W. Houle, 31-33 Randall Road.,$400,000.
Della Ripa Real Estate LLC, to William R. Crosby, 106-108 Third St., $235,000.
NEW SALEM
Jeanne W. Clayton to Jay A. Chaplin and Linda L. Chaplin, 19 Lavoie Lane, $325,000.
NORTHAMPTON
Patricia A. Duffy and Ed Jazab to Pioneer Valley Habitat for Humanity Inc., 822 Westhampton Road, $77,420.
Stella Pang and Peter Piccirillo to Ram D. Lakhani, 39 Fair St., $505,689.
Matthew M. Pitoniak, trustee, and Nohominium Realty Trust to Gleason Masonic LLC, 21-23 Main St., $1,320,000.
Richard Pitts to Northampton Revolver Club Inc., Ryan Road Off, $50,000.
Daisy Farm Properties LLC, to Kristin Leutz and Simon Leutz, 26 Finn St., $534,900.
Marian Bzdel, Witold Bzdel, Andrew
P. Bzdel, Claude A. Bzdel and Claudia A. Bzdel to Nanako Okubo and Clare Catherine Okubo, 19 Hatfield St., $548,000.
Appletree LLC, to Judith A. Ferber, 130 Woodland Drive, $137,500.
Jacob A. Edwards, trustee, Daniel K. Edwards Family Irrevocable Trust and Suzanne P. Edwards Family Irrevocable Trust to Ann Doran, 11-13 Cherry St., $685,000.
Rachel J. Currie-Rubin and Mark J. Esposito to Madeleine M. Adams and Daniel J. Nicolai, 203 State St., $725,000.
Mikey Toledano to Mark Justin Esposito and Rachel Joy Currie-Rubin, 101 Washington Ave., $1,300,000.
NORTHFIELD
Brenda O’Connell and Pamela Stratton to A Plus Enterprises Inc., 309 Millers Falls Road, $205,000.
ORANGE
Chad Jason Fournier, personal representative of the Estate of Clifford J. Fournier to Kyle Tucker, Whitney Street,$12,000.
Keri L. Barros and Taynan V. Barros to Alan Carl Barton Sr., and Ann-Marie Barton, 140 Memorial Drive, $352,000.
Julianne M. Hurtle and Richard S. Hurtle, trustees of the Hurtle Living Trust, to Jennifer N. Stone and Joshua T. Stone, Warwick Road, $15,000.
Jay A. Chaplin and Linda L. Chaplin, “fka” Linda L. Bourbeau, to Kenny Perez, 98 Mechanic St., $360,000.
PALMER
Deacon Realty LLC, to Axcam Property LLC, Bridge Street, $467,500. Jeffrey D. Jacob and Debra J. Jacob to Liza Stacy and Paul Stacy, 17 Country Lane, $500,000.
Mary Ann Mylonakis to Varinder Bhakhri and Anuradha Bhakhri, 3078 Main St., Unit A, $256,000.
PELHAM
Dimiero Investments LLC, to Alina S. Bryden and Marc R. Bryden, 166 Packardville Road, $495,000.
PLAINFIELD
Double Edge Theatre Productions Inc., and 344 Main Street Plainfield Nominee Trust to Andrew A. Inglis and Yuko J. Edwards, 344 Main St., $140,000.
RUSSELL
Dane A. Graves and Bruce Miller to J Sperry Realty LLC, 6 Blandford Stage Road, $135,000.
Deeds
SHUTESBURY
Secretary of Housing & Urban Development to Cynthia Butler and Andrew DiCiccio, 209 Baker Road, $238,730.
Nilya M. Gonzalez and Alecc Rivera to Conor R. Ameigh and Lisa M. Ameigh, 26 Farrar Road, $560,000.
SOUTH HADLEY
Martha Stackhouse and Anthony Lacoste to Anthony J. Lacoste, 278 Morgan St., $100.
Francis M. Croke and Louise M. Croke to Orion Farm Properties LLC, 146 Newton St., $320,000.
Alfred C. Marr Jr., and Karen A. Marr to Maria Royce, Christina Eliopoulos, Deana Brown and Devon Marr, 10 Overlook Road, $100.
Mary J. Hirschel to Gillian Woldorf, 49 Camden St., $100.
Rocket Mortgage LLC, and Quicken Loans LLC, to EH Home Solutions Realty LLC, 2085 Memorial Drive, $247,750.
Jennifer Johnson and Luke Trahan to Sarah Gagnon and Jason Gagnon, 13 West Cornell St., $450,000.
Quentin Amrani and Nicole Amrani to Scott B. Lee and Sara E. Lee, 14 Silverwood Terrace, $915,000. 136 East St LLC, to Nicole DiDomenico, 136 East St., $400,000.
Robert Lloyd Warren Dunning and Leigh Pinkston to Salimar Cordero Mercado and Jonathan Nunez-Olivieri, 45 Spring Street Extension, $409,300.
SOUTHAMPTON
Amy E. Alton to Amy E. Alton, trustee, David E. Alton, trustee, and Amy E. Alton Living Trust, 22 Coleman Road, $100.
Joel C. Weingart and Rebecca J. Davis to Joel C. Weingart, 423 College Highway, $100.
Valerie Haggerty, trustee, and RRB Irrevocable Trust to Karen C. Hogan and William S. Hogan Jr., 22 Pomeroy Meadow Road, $550,000.
William D. Groeber and Linda J. Groeber to Andrew Bzdel and Witold Bzdel, 22 Pomeroy Village, $427,500.
Sean T. Sullivan, personal representative, and Dianne F. Kenney, estate, to Katherine M. Zavras-Bentrewicz and Richard J. Bentrewicz, 7 Hawthorne Drive, $520,000.
SOUTHWICK
Jesse G. Sobczyk to Jeffrey Anderson, 719 College Highway, $325,000.
Linda L. Afonso and Michael J. Pellerin to Julie Carmody and Joseph Calabrese, 1 Lexington Circle, $710,000.
SPRINGFIELD
A Plus Enterprises Inc., to Bretta Construction LLC, 0 W S Chilson Street, $65,000.
Angelo DeGuglielmo Jr., and Jason John Pelzek to Chad Vanwingerden, 667 Bradley Road, $300,000.
Anthony Raymond Mazza and Suhey Yates to Fernado Luis Ortiz Jr., 144 Bristol St., $288,750.
Bruce V. Gallant, trustee, Arlene Joy Gallant, trustee, and Gallant Living Trust, trustee of, to Dalin Ou and Noeun Toeuy-Ou, 40 Byers St., $399,900.
Carmelo Vega-Hernandez and Irma Lucena to Juan Liriano and Ruth Esther Liriano, 16 Laurel St., $400,000.
Casa Bonita Apartments LLC, to Roselande Datus, 17 Manhattan St., $260,000.
Cig4 LLC, to Dariana Crisostomo and Angel Green Tejeda, 782 Sumner Ave., $440,000.
Dominic Marandino Jr., trustee, Dominick Marandino, trustee, and R. Douglas Force and Alice M. Force Trust For the Benefit Of, trustee of, to P&R Investments LLC, 18 Lawton St., $170,000.
Hoang K. Nguyen and Thao M. Huynh to Alexia Torres Escribano and Adrian Rolon Hernandez, 137-139 Commonwealth Ave., $337,000.
Holly Joy Denis to Winston Sherwood Mclean III, 24 Higgins St., $290,000.
Homestead J&T LLC, to Darian Symone Garner, 110 Homestead Ave., $445,000.
Indira Devi Lalak to Wilma Babayco, Brad Albert Babayco and Katherine Claxton, 92 Firglade Ave., $450,000.
Karen Slezak to Deborah L. Weitkunat, 55 Ventura St., $128,000.
Better Builders Construction LLC, and Keys Upgrade LLC, to Jessica Burkel-Lazic and Anja Lazic, 1362 Page Boulevard, $325,000.
Little Eagle LLC, to Maria Ramona Hernandez Mercedes, 118-120 Westford Circle, $400,000.
Lucas Giusto, trustee, Dominic Santaniello, trustee, and Naples Home Buyers Trust, trustee of, to Onyx Investments LLC, 482 Chestnut St., $210,000.
Luis Collazo to Barbara Tanco and
Hector Tanco, 214 Spear Road, $345,000.
Matthew Fallon, Christine E. Fallon and Christine E. O’Neil to Samantha Walter and Zachary Crowder, 71 Daviston St., $294,000.
Melvin Rodriguez and Veronica Rodriguez to Ricardo Valentin Cordova and Sheyla Marie Quiles Maldonado, 181 Lebanon St., $293,000.
Michelle L. Bennett to Logan Wingate and Jessamy Esposito Karras, 175 Hanson Drive, $300,000.
Milton Finklea to PFGC LLC, 6870 Cambridge St. $90,000.
Nathaly Rodriguez to Claudio Madeira, 73 Abbe Ave., $251,000.
Numeri Capital Investments LLC, to Nickolas Dias Menezes, 56 Colonial Ave., $310,000.
Raymond Crane Jr., Jody C. Crane and Jody C. Millen to KCK Real Estate LLC, 18 Blaine St., $405,000.
Richard Roos and Richard Walker Roos to Jonathan Alexis Irizarry and Kevin A. Irizarry, 128 Drexel St., $290,000.
Stephan P. Turoczy to Edwin Amado Ortiz, 195 Rosewell St., $280,000.
VLS Home Builders LLC, and Gladysh Capital LLC, to Tatiana Rodriguez, 509-511 Hancock St., $497,000.
William Rivera to Nicolas J. Rienzo, 171 Boston Road, $305,000. Wun Man Suen to Dingle Fullerton, 88 Washburn St., $470,000.
TOLLAND
David A. Stone and Beth S. Stone to William Benedetto and Joan Benedetto, 233 Fox Den Road, $370,000.
WALES
Dawn D. Gilliatt to Richard J. Josselyn and Tara Josselyn, 15 Sichols Colony Road, $275,000.
Lynda St. Germain to Colby Duverger and Hannah Zimmerman, 165 Monson Road, $300,000.
Robert A. Hatch and Patricia A. Hatch to Derek Gromko and Jill Gromko, 11 Bayside Drive, $625,000.
WARE
Laurie K. Racine and Thomas J. Racine to Susan Fry and Brian Woods, 9 Old Poor Farm Road, $595,000.
Satnam Hans and Balbir Kuar to Satnam Hans and Balbir Kaur, 23 Bank St., $100.
Edward J. Rado and Robin A. Wring to Edward J. Rado, 8 Rag-
ged Hill Road, $100.
Danielle S. Emerson and Danielle S. Bramucci to Danielle S. Emerson and Richard A. Emerson, 8 Juniper Hill Road, $100.
Marley Clark and Tina M. Costa to James Ko, 392 Monson Turnpike Road, $325,000.
WEST SPRINGFIELD
Amanda E. Conway Somers, Amanda Somers and Mary Ellen Conway to Hannah Kearing and David Kearing, 96 Craiwell Ave., $400,000.
Dominic Magni, representative, Theresa Magni, representative, and Patricia Magni, estate, to Dominic Magni and Theresa Magni, 315 Prospect St., $100.
Gieng Binh Du and Anna Lethi-Mach to Amanda E. Conway, Maryellen Conway, Gregory John Conway and Donna Marie Conway, 694 Rogers Ave., $650,000.
Jonathan M. Higgins to William Raleigh and David Kachinski, 76 Adrian Ave., $170,000.
Juli Thibault to Jenna Stetson, 50 Oleander St., $355,000.
Michael J. Veillette and Barbara E. Veillette to Round Two LLC, 882903 Main St., $1,300,000.
Michael Rodriguez to Erick D. Martinez and Jeanny B. Chalas, Memorial Ave., Unit 1554-1, $135,000.
Tianyi Zhou to Amber Wheeler and Chad James Wheeler, 51 Glenview Drive, $370,000.
Wolf of Westside LLC, to Oxana Gavel and Alexander Gavel, 16 Fairview Ave., $480,000.
WESTFIELD
Bryan W. McFarland to Stanley Lashtur and Irina Lashtur, 148 Northwest Road, $440,000.
Jason Valles to Eric John Holt, 162 Meadow St., $185,000.
Judith A. Lennon to Joshua Hnatiuk, 9 Sherman St., $335,000.
Kimberly M. Hall and Deborah M. Florek to William Lyle Jr., and Lisa Bihler Lyle, 40 Skipper Lane, $565,000.
Melissa L. Campana and Paul Borowski to Elizabeth C. Ouimette, 127 Steiger Drive, $397,500.
Michael P Dupuis and Susan M Dupuis to Nazar A Vasilchenko, East Mountain Rd Lot 2, $144,900.
Michael P. Dupuis and Susan M. Dupuis to Stefan Mita and Eugenia Mita, East Mountain Road, Lot 4, $145,000.
Saad Q. Mohammed and Marina Efremova to Jacquelyn Elizabeth Wolf, 1058 Russell Road, $369,000.
Sean S. Corrigan and Stephanie
Furnelli-Corrigan to Courtney Jagodowski, 17 B Hubbard St., $341,500.
Wayne S. Nelson Jr., to Equity Trust Co., custodian, Robert Lareau IRA, and Robert Lareau, 40 Prospect St., Unit F2, $110,000.
WILBRAHAM
Bretta Construction LLC, to David Coughlin and Leeann Coughlin, 28 Eastwood Drive, $700,000.
Christine M Meyer to Kathleen Healy, 11 High Pine Cir, $485,000.
Eric E. Tyburski to Paul Schofield Marchese and Victoria Giella Marchese, 25 Ruth Drive, $440,000.
Lorraine N. McMahon to David Collin Herminghuysen and Sheila Jo Herminghuysen, 4 Mirick Lane, $425,000.
Michael C. Gouin and Amy J. Porter to John H. Dugan Jr., trustee, Nut Bucket, trustee of, and Nut Bucket Two, trustee of, 188 Main St., $675,000.
Redasi Holdings Inc., to 2589 Boston Road LLC, 2589 Boston Road, $800,000.
Robert Jarvis, representative, and Thomas Leo Jarvis, estate, to Arthur Bechard and Joanne Bechard, 124 High Pine Circle, Unit 124, $499,000.
WILLIAMSBURG
Jean B. Blakeman to Jean B. Blakeman, trustee, and Jean B. Blakeman Revocable Trust, 89 Nash Hill Road, $100.
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