What is IVF ? Understanding the Basics of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a reproductive technology. It involves the fertilization of an egg with sperm outside the body. This process is commonly used when other fertility treatments have failed. IVF can be employed to overcome various infertility issues. The fertilized egg (embryo) is then implanted into the uterus for pregnancy.