Remembrance Summer 2022

A PACIFIC HISTORIC PARKS PUBLICATION

ANXIETY, CHAOS & HORROR WORLD WAR II IN OCCUPIED GUAM

Summer 2022

CONTENTS

4

Summer 2022

6

3

President’s Message

4

The Horror of War

6

Slain By Their Masters

8

Wartime Midwife

10

Pearl Harbor Baby

12

Wartime Ice Cream

13

Prayer for the Dead

14

You Make It Happen!

8 MISSION STATEMENT To support the USS Arizona Memorial and other Pacific historic locations through education and interpretive programs, research, preservation, and restoration, to perpetuate the memory of events and honor the people involved in these sites.

10

Remembrance is published four times a year as a benefit to Friends of Pacific Historic Parks.

Cover: Guam civilians flee to the Agana Refugee camp in 1944. AP Photo

President & CEO Aileen Utterdyke

98-211 Pali Momi Street #200-A Aiea, Hawaii 96701 www.pacifichistoricparks.org (888) 485-1941

2

Board of Directors Alan Mattson, Chairman Jeff Bell, Vice Chairman Alma M. Grocki, Secretary Clif Purkiser, Treasurer James M. Boersema Noel W. Bragg Alma M. Grocki Patricia A. Lucas Edward J. Lynch

REMEMBRANCE SUMMER 2022

Board of Directors (cont.)

Mark Y. Matsunaga Dr. Ed Noh Michael Olson Theodore Peck Alby L. Saunders Mathew Sgan Agnes T. Tauyan Directors Emeritus Neil A. Sheehan Geoffrey M. White Joachim P. Cox, Legal Advisor

Publication Advisers Aileen Utterdyke Edean Saito Editor Jim McCoy Layout & Design Chase Nuuhiwa

PRESIDENT & CEO MESSAGE This issue focuses on war stories from World War II.

I

n occupied Guam, an American pilot crash-landed during the liberation and was assisted by Chamorro civilians.

Responding Japanese troops captured and later beheaded the pilot and one of the civilians who helped get the injured pilot out of the plane.

On the small Mariana island of Rota, a place under Japanese rule since 1914, four Chamorro men who had lived as subjects of Japan were executed by firing squad in 1944. The story delves into why they were slain by their masters.

In our third story, a young Chamorro nurse became a wartime midwife by delivering ten babies with no help from doctors as armed Japanese soldiers stood by. The parents told their children of this nurse, and decades later the babies she delivered never forgot her.

The 79th Commemoration in 2020 during the midst of the pandemic was virtual, with no veterans and members of the public in attendance.

The 80th, held for invitation-only participants at Kilo Pier on Pearl Harbor Naval Base on December 7, 2021, had covid restrictions in place.

While the theme is not yet set, we can tell you that the keynote speaker for the 81st is Charles F. “Chuck” Sams III, the recently appointed director of the National Park Service. He is a Navy veteran and the first Tribal citizen to lead the Agency.

We will keep you up to date on the latest developments on the 81st Commemoration on our website, social media in addition to future issues of Remembrance.

Our other coverage includes an interview with a woman who was born on Oahu six days before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Her mother chronicled the family’s journey. The story on this Pearl Harbor child includes a somber message from the district director of the Sons and Daughters of Pearl Harbor Survivors of the terror and chaos of war.

We thank you for your continued support of Pacific Historic Parks. And a special thanks for the donations through nineyear-old history buff Harrison Johnson, the North Carolina student who is trying to raise $100,000 to support Pearl Harbor National Memorial. If you haven’t checked out his story, please visit our website and click on Harrison’s Heroes.

We also have some updates on the 81st Commemoration of Pearl Harbor Day this December 7, 2022. The event will be held at the Pearl Harbor National Memorial and the hope remains that for the first time in two years, covid will not be a factor.

President & CEO

AILEEN UTTERDYKE

A copy of the latest financial report, registration filed by this organization, and a description of our programs and activities may be obtained by contacting us at: 94-1187 Ka Uka Blvd., Waipahu, HI 96797, (808) 954-8777. Pacific Historic Parks was formed in Hawaii. If you are a resident of one of the following states, you may obtain financial information directly from the state agency: Florida: A COPY OF THE OFFICIAL REGISTRATION AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE DIVISION OF CONSUMER SERVICES BY CALLING TOLL-FREE, WITHIN THE STATE, 1-800-435-7352 (800-HELP-FLA), OR VISITING www.FloridaConsumerHelp.com. REGISTRATION DOES NOT IMPLY ENDORSEMENT, APPROVAL, OR RECOMMENDATION BY THE STATE. Florida Registration #CH17306 Georgia: A full and fair description of our programs and our financial statement summary is available upon request at our office and phone number indicated above. Maryland: For the cost of copies and postage, from the Office of the Secretary of State, State House, Annapolis, MD 21401. Mississippi: The official registration and financial information of Pacific Historic Parks may be obtained from the Mississippi Secretary of State's office by calling 1-888-236-6167. Registration by the Secretary of State does not imply endorsement. Nevada: Contributions may be tax deductible pursuant to the provisions of sec. 170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, 26 U.S.C. ¤170(c). New Jersey: INFORMATION FILED WITH THE ATTORNEY GENERAL CONCERNING THIS CHARITABLE SOLICITATION AND THE PERCENTAGE OF CONTRIBUTIONS RECEIVED BY THE CHARITY DURING THE LAST REPORTING PERIOD THAT WERE DEDICATED TO THE CHARITABLE PURPOSE MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY BY CALLING (973) 504-6215 AND IS AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET AT www.state.nj.us/lps/ca/charfrm.htm. REGISTRATION WITH THE ATTORNEY GENERAL DOES NOT IMPLY ENDORSEMENT. New York: Upon request, from the Attorney General Charities Bureau, 120 Broadway, New York, NY 10271. North Carolina: Financial information about this organization and a copy of its license are available from the State Solicitation Licensing Branch at 1-919-814-5400. The license is not an endorsement by the state. Pennsylvania: The official registration and financial information of Pacific Historic Parks may be obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of State by calling toll-free, within Pennsylvania, 1-800-732-0999. Virginia: From the State Office of Consumer Affairs in the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Affairs, P.O. Box 1163, Richmond, VA 23218. Washington: From the Secretary of State at 1-800-332-4483 or http://www.sos.wa.gov/charities/ West Virginia: West Virginia residents may obtain a summary of the registration and financial documents from the Secretary of State, State Capitol, Charleston, WV 25305. Wisconsin: A financial statement of the charitable organization disclosing assets, liabilities, fund balances, revenue and expenses for the preceding fiscal year will be provided to any person upon request. REGISTRATION WITH A STATE AGENCY DOES NOT CONSTITUTE OR IMPLY ENDORSEMENT, APPROVAL OR RECOMMENDATION BY THAT STATE. More information about charity state disclosures and charitable solicitation registrations.

WWW.PACIFICHISTORICPARKS.ORG

3

THE HORRORS OF

WAR B y J i l l e t t e To r r e L e o n - G u e r r e r o

Justo Torre Leon-Guerrero today. He was a witness to the downed aircraft and the arrest of the pilot, his uncle and brother.

4

REMEMBRANCE SUMMER 2022

Juan Torre Leon Guerroro, who was tortured for helping the downed American pilot.

T

he plane was sputtering and flying low above the trees. Justo Torre Leon-Guerrero watched in horror as the American plane descended rapidly above the field, hit the ground, and crash landed into a coconut tree not far from where he stood. His older brother, Juan Torre Leon Guerrero, who had been loading wood into the carabao cart, told him to tie the carabao to a tree and stay put as he rushed to the downed plane to aid the pilot. At 14 years of age, Justo didn’t listen to his brother. He tied the carabao to a tree and rushed after his brother.

At this impressionable age, Justo had just witnessed the downing of an American plane. He watched as his uncle, Jose Leon Guerrero Cruz and his brother, Juan Torre Leon Guerrero helped the injured pilot out of the cockpit and onto the wing of the plane. The pilot was bleeding from a large cut above his ear. He vividly remembers the star on the wing of the plane where they stood. The pilot gave his gloves to his uncle and his ID bracelet to Juan. Justo asked to see it. He read, “Lt. J.G. Hamilton.” Just as he was returning the bracelet to his brother, a Japanese soldier snatched it from his hand. Terrified, he trembled as the Japanese soldiers took the pilot away.. Later, the same day, the soldiers returned and collected his uncle, Jose Leon Guerrero Cruz. The next day they came for his brother. The pilot and his uncle were beheaded several days later. His brother was tortured for his part in assisting the American flyer.

It wasn’t until decades later when Justo told his story to his family, that a search was initiated to find the identity of the American pilot, “Lt. JG Hamilton”. Justo wanted to find Lt.

Jose Leon Guerrero Cruz and Rosa Rosario on their wedding day.

Cruz was beheaded for assisting a downed American Pilot who was also executed.

Hamilton’s family so that he, as one of the last people to see him, could meet them. But at 92 years-old, time is running out for Justo.

To this day, we have not been able to identify this pilot.

Historical research online, a research trip from Guam to the National Archives at College Park, correspondence with groups looking for the remains of downed pilots and the assistance of War in the Pacific National Historical Park staff has not been successful in identifying him. Even a contracted researcher at the National Archives was not able to come up with anything.

While a lot of time has passed, the search will continue and hopefully one day we can pay tribute to the family of one of the greatest generation’s fallen heroes.

This single event had a significant impact on Justo Torre LeonGuerrero who retired from the U.S. Air Force as a Master Sergeant with two tours of duty in the war zone during the Vietnam War. He shares his WWII experience in his book, “Coming of Age in War-Torn Guam: The WWII Memoirs of Justo Torre Leon Guerrero.” *Funding has been provided to Pacific Historic Parks from Humanities Guåhan and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) as part of the federal ARP Act of 2021.*

WWW.PACIFICHISTORICPARKS.ORG

5

SLAIN

BY THEIR MASTERS

By Father Eric Forbes Japanese ship, SS Shoun Maru, being attacked and eventually sunk by US planes on June 21, 1944. Fear of the Americans was what drove the Japanese to retaliate against any Chamorro or foreigner suspected of espionage or sabotage, whether guilty or innocent

T

hat hundreds of Chamorros on Guam were directly killed by Japanese soldiers during the two-and-ahalf years they governed the island is well known.

Guam had been under the United States since 1898 and the Japanese had every reason to be wary of the Guam Chamorros as being attached to and loyal to the American cause. What is less known is that the Japanese also turned on some Chamorros of the Northern Marianas; islands that had been under Japanese rule since 1914; where younger generations of Chamorros grew up fluent in Japanese and educated to give up their lives, if necessary, for the Emperor.

6

REMEMBRANCE SUMMER 2022

On the island of Rota, smallest of the four main southern Mariana islands, four Chamorro men were executed by the Japanese between June 25 and July 8, 1944. For thirty years, these men had lived as subjects of Japan. All had at least some knowledge of the Japanese language. They followed the Japanese system of life, and the Chamorros of Rota and Saipan were considered so much a part of the Japanese family that many were sent to American Guam to work as interpreters. What caused these Japanese masters to turn against their own wards?

By June of 1944, Rota was completely cut off from the rest of the world. The Americans had taken control of Saipan and Tinian beginning in that month of June. The Japanese military on Rota could no longer communicate with their higher-ups on Saipan, nor receive food, supplies or reinforcements from the bigger islands. All they knew was that the Americans were at their doorstep, and fear and paranoia stepped in.

Although the Americans never did invade Rota, American planes and ships did their part in sending a clear message that they were now in control. Bombs and bullets sent Japanese and Chamorros scurrying for cover, and the Japanese nervously expected their beaches to be stormed at any moment.

Brother Miguel Timoner, SJ - Spanish Jesuit poisoned then bayoneted.

News that some Rota Chamorros were possibly trying to communicate with the Americans offshore sent the Japanese into a frenzy. Fifteen or so Rota men were rounded up on suspicion of treason. Of these fifteen, five were judged guilty and the others set free. Some, they said, had lit fire signals on the beach, or spread white sheets on the ground for American planes to see. Notebooks with sensitive information on Japanese military assets were allegedly found, believing these to be shared with the Americans once they came. Some were accused of cutting telephones lines and of spreading demoralizing propaganda among the Chamorros.

The first to be executed were Bonifacio Esteves and another unnamed man, both on June 25. A firing squad of six Japanese soldiers shot them dead, after they had been given a cigarette to smoke. Esteves was identified only because some soldiers said the island shoemaker was one of the two, and Esteves was the only shoemaker at the time. Then, two weeks later, a Spanish Jesuit brother, Miguel Timoner, and his Chamorro companion, the elderly Ignacio de la Cruz, were executed.

This is what's left of a building built in Tatachok during the Japanese period.

Satellite map showing the areas of the killings, both Tatachok and Tatgua.

The Japanese offered coffee secretly laced with cyanide to Timoner, whose shaking hands spilled some of the coffee. He took a small sip and had an instant reaction, refusing to drink more. He fell to the ground in excruciating pain, clutching his stomach. The Japanese thrust a bayonet into his abdomen, finishing him off. De la Cruz was put some distance away, so he did not see what happened to Timoner. When he was offered the poisoned coffee, he was so thirsty he drank the whole cup in one gulp, and he fell back dead. The last victim, an unnamed Chamorro male, was shot on July 8. An unhappy end for all of them, who, even if they had tried to contact the Americans, did little to harm their Japanese masters, as the U.S. waited till 1945 to peacefully stroll into Rota and inform the Japanese that the war was over.

*Funding has been provided to Pacific Historic Parks from Humanities Guåhan and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) as part of the federal ARP Act of 2021.*

WWW.PACIFICHISTORICPARKS.ORG

7

WARTIME MIDWIFE

by Father Eric Forbes

It’s not just a matter of surviving wars; it’s also a matter of bringing new life into this world in the midst of a war. This was the laudable contribution of one Chamorro midwife on Guam during the Japanese Occupation from December 1941 to July 1944. Emeteria Quichocho Dueñas midwifed ten babies during the war, without the aid of doctors, nurses, electricity or medical supplies, all under the watchful gaze of Japanese soldiers.

B

etter known as Tera, Dueñas was born in Hagatña, Guam on June 1, 1921. She was the oldest of eight brothers and sisters. Tera had an aunt, Joaquina, who became a nurse and, in time, a head nurse in Guam’s only hospital, which was run by the United States Navy. She inspired Tera to follow in her footsteps, so Tera enrolled in the Navy’s nurses training program in 1938 when Tera was seventeen years old.

The training program lasted three years and, on July 1, 1941, she received her nurse’s diploma. Now that she had a career, she could take her next step in life. She married

8

REMEMBRANCE SUMMER 2022

Antonio San Nicolas Dueñas very soon after graduating from the nursing program. Husband and wife were all set to begin a family of their own.

Then war broke out. Less than five months into her marriage, Tera’s world was turned upside down as the people of Hagatña fled from the invading Japanese forces to the relative safety of their rural ranches and fields. With the war interrupting normal commerce, the people had to grow their own food. Although the Japanese were everywhere, they had a smaller presence in the farmlands compared to the capital city.

It was in the countryside of Barrigada, where the couple had a ranch, that expectant mothers came to Tera asking her to help them deliver their babies.

Guam had always had midwives, called pattera, but Tera’s nursing skills would come to the rescue. She would need all the skills at her command, as she had no other nurses, nor doctors, in the neighborhood to help her.

Lacking medical supplies, Tera used rubbing alcohol to sterilize her hands. If that ran out, she resorted to bootleg liquor, called agi, to do the job. To her credit, not one of Tera’s deliveries had any complications arising from infections. She did have the help of her husband Antonio, who was called on by Tera to help push a breech baby in the right direction. The most challenging delivery Tera assisted at was the birth of twins, which was a success. In gratitude for Tera’s help, the parents of the twins chose Tera to be godmother for the two of them.

But far from just delivering other women’s babies into the world, Tera was having her own! She gave birth to two children during the war. By the time her secondborn came along, it was May of 1944. The Americans were preparing to invade Guam soon and the Japanese knew it. The shortage of food and wartime stress had gotten to Tera. She was not able to produce the normal amount of mother's milk to feed her baby.

Lacking sufficient calcium from milk, the baby had weaker bones and teeth. The baby girl was also very fair-skinned, so Tera would hide her in a shoe box, fearing that the Japanese might mistake the baby for an American child.

Tera, her husband and two young children survived the war and were blessed with long and prosperous lives afterward. The parents of the children Tera delivered during the war never forgot her help under trying circumstances. All through the years, either a parent, or the child him or herself, would pay a visit to Tera, even when time had passed and the child grew to adulthood. Tera’s story is not very well-known, but to the ten couples whose babies she delivered, Tera’s presence meant a baby lived to see days of peace after being born in time of war.

*Funding has been provided to Pacific Historic Parks from Humanities Guåhan and the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) as part of the federal ARP Act of 2021.*

WWW.PACIFICHISTORICPARKS.ORG

9

PEARL HARBOR CHILD

By Rebecca Schwab

On a beautiful, quiet Sunday morning, Mary Elizabeth Sawyer and her brand new baby daughter were resting at the Station Hospital on Schofield Barracks in Oahu, Hawaii. Sherron Dee had been born almost a week earlier, on December 1, 1941 - the first child for Mary Elizabeth and her husband, United States Army Corps fighter pilot Capt. Jerome Sawyer.

W

hen Mary Elizabeth suddenly heard a plane fly over the hospital, she thought it might be her husband flying by to celebrate their daughter’s birth. But then she heard shooting.

“The air became filled with enemy planes, bombs, fire, smoke, and destruction,” she wrote in a 1942 article for The Standard. “Looking out my window, I watched two Japanese planes machine-gun another part of the hospital some thirty feet away. Was I frightened? I didn't believe my eyes.”

When wounded and dying servicemembers were brought into the hospital, doctors and nurses could no longer prioritize mothers and babies. Mary Elizabeth was given baby Sherron, hastily instructed on diaper changes and feedings, and told to wear street clothes and to attend to her own needs so that medical personnel could focus on incoming patients. No one yet understood the full extent of what was going on.

Later that day, Capt. Sawyer arrived to check on his wife and baby, and for the first time Mary Elizabeth was faced with the true “horror of war” as he relayed the events of that December 7 - the brutal Japanese attack on Oahu - and what it could mean for their future.

“In a few words, he told me just what had happened, then took his leave, parting with these never-to-be-forgotten words: ‘Goodbye honey, take care of yourself and the baby as I don’t know when I can come back, or if I can come back,’” Mary Elizabeth wrote.

10

REMEMBRANCE SUMMER 2022

By December 9, the women and children were evacuated from the hospital to make room for those injured in the attack. Three weeks later, Mary Elizabeth and Sherron boarded a ship bound for San Francisco, while Capt. Sawyer stayed behind.

“He was in every major battle in the South Pacific,” Sherron Dee Sandrini, now 80, said of her father. “He was awarded two Silver Stars and the Distinguished Flying Cross.”

Although her father survived the war and was hailed a war hero, Sandrini said his experiences took a terrible toll on him and, as a result, on their entire family.

“When he came home [in 1943], he was a chronic alcoholic,” she said. “Today it would be post traumatic stress syndrome, but in those days it was battle fatigue. I think it was really tough on [my parents], for their marriage.”

Following the birth of Sandrini’s younger brother, the family moved constantly from one military assignment to another, but one thing they never did was revisit the past.

“When I was a little girl, people didn’t talk about the war much,” she said. “I think they wanted to get beyond the war. It’s not like today - you know, December 7th. Remember Pearl Harbor.”

That included her father, who never spoke about his experiences. Her parents divorced when she was in the 6th grade, and after several hospitalizations, her father passed away at 53 due to cirrhosis of the liver.

Kathleen Farley works every day with Pearl Harbor survivors like Sawyer, as well as the children of survivors. She’s the first district director of the Sons and Daughters of Pearl Harbor Survivors (SDPHS), an organization whose mission is to further the legacy of those who fought and died as a result of the Pearl Harbor attack. She said the experience of Sandrini’s father was all too common.

“These guys went over as young boys and came back as old men,” Farley said. “The atrocities they saw from December 7th stayed with them for the rest of their lives … but they came home, got a job - and didn’t talk about December 7th, 1941.

Thank God Sherron’s mother was very detailed and kept notes and newspaper articles about what transpired.”

Farley’s own father was a Pearl Harbor Survivor, but she said she didn’t learn of his experience until she heard him speak at a Pearl Harbor Survivors’ meeting. Although many of the service members who survived the attack have now passed away, Farley said their children - as well as child survivors of the attack continue to speak in schools and share stories of the past.

Sandrini, who has been married to her husband Louis, a retired naval officer, for 57 years, now splits her time between Wyoming and California, where she and her husband stay actively involved with SDPHS. She said she finds great value in sharing her stories with younger generations, especially her four grandchildren.

“I think it is important to keep the memory of the things we’ve gone through, so we don’t repeat it,” she said. “They’ve all heard the stories from me. I’ve made copies of different things that I have, and I’ll give it to them when they’re old enough. My big scrapbook - I haven’t decided who’s going to inherit that! It has to be someone that will carry on the tradition of remembering Pearl Harbor, lest we forget.”

Sandrini and her husband go back to Hawaii often, she said, for Pearl Harbor commemorative events. In 2021, they visited the places where she and her mother lived through the attack.

“They took us to the quarters on Wheeler [Army Airfield], where we lived, and took us to Schofield, to the hospital where I was born,” she said. “We toured all around there. Those quarters are still in use today.”

Going back and seeing those same places 80 years later, she said, is like a two-edged sword.

“You are sorry that it happened, but you’re proud of your heritage,” she said. “I’m proud of my father and what he did there. I’m proud of my mother that she took good care of me and we got out of there, evacuated on the ship. It’s very special to me that I’m a Pearl Harbor survivor.”

WWW.PACIFICHISTORICPARKS.ORG

11

THE ROLE OF ICE CREAM IN WARTIME HISTORY

By Scott Pawlowski, Curator, Pearl Harbor National Memorial

For the Navy, the story gets even more interesting. Ice cream makers arrived on Navy ships as early as 1906 but during WWII, the war department had to work to ensure every sailor or soldier had access to ice cream. Larger ships were outfitted with ice cream making equipment and appropriate freezers per Bureau of Ships policy and the belief of James Forrestal (Undersecretary of the Navy and Secretary of the Navy during WWII) that ice cream was a morale essential.

The USS Arizona had a shipboard ice cream parlor also called a gedunk. You can see gedunk bowls still underwater on the wreck today by watching the 2015 USS Arizona Live Dive (https://vimeo.com/125971885) video. Pearl Harbor National Memorial’s museum collection contains a bowl from the USS Arizona that would have likely been used to serve a cold dessert. By December 7, most of the capital ships could make, store, and serve ice cream. To reach navy personnel ashore other efforts were tried to get ice cream into their hands.

J

uly serves as National Ice Cream Month per President Ronald Reagan’s 1984 proclamation. While this dessert may seem rather mundane to many observers, ice cream has played an interesting role in United States history. Who after all doesn’t enjoy a nice serving of ice cream on a hot summer day? During the War in the Pacific, the men and women in the theater of operations relied on ice cream to enjoy their circumstances a bit more, remember about home, and of course, socialize. For wartime Hawaii, this wonderful dessert played an interesting part in people's lives as well.

On Oahu, as hundreds and thousands of men and women worked or passed through the island to forward locations, they had free time to sightsee, dine out, get a tattoo or even take in a dance among other things. Troops rested and relaxed at USO clubs across Oahu for which ice cream was an essential part of the R and R. For instance, the USO Victory Club offered their signature banana split to over 447,000 monthly visitors. This required 8,000 gallons of ice cream monthly and almost 30 tons of bananas! When touring the islands on sightseeing excursions, troops would frequently stop at a local dairy for either fresh cold milk or ice cream.

Diamond Head Dairy and Hind-Clarke Dairy both served cold treats along Kodak photographic tour routes.

12

REMEMBRANCE SUMMER 2022

On a piece of land near Pearl Harbor called the Damon Track, the Navy built an ice cream factory which quickly acquired the name “Cold Storage University”. Here troops were trained how to make, store and serve ice cream in classes that lasted under a week. The plant produced about 2000 gallons of ice cream per day for the shore-based messes.

As the war moved west, the navy used its concrete supply barges like the USS Quartz (IX-150) to move ice cream in the same direction. Further copying an idea from the Army, and borrowing one of their barges, the Navy even spent around $1 million in 1945 to create a floating ice-cream factory with serving parlor. This vessel could produce 10 gallons of ice cream every seven minutes and store another 2000 gallons.

Like the USS Quartz, the ice-cream factory likely passed through Pearl Harbor on its way to Ulithi in the Caroline Islands and other bases.

Pearl Harbor National Memorial’s museum collection doesn’t hold an extensive amount of items related to ice cream and the Pacific War. We do hold some items that help paint a more realistic picture of what life was like in the Pacific Theater of Operations. So please enjoy the month of July tasting ice cream and thinking about history.

Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe embraces Pearl Harbor survivor Everett Hyland during the 75th Commemoration of the Pearl Harbor attack.

In this Randy Stratton photo from the 75th, Medal of Honor recipient Hershal "Woody", Williams joins four USS Arizona survivors, Ken Potts, Lou Conter and the late Don Stratton and Lauren Bruner.

Prayer for the Dead

“Eternal rest grant unto them and let perpetual light shine upon them and may they rest in peace.”

Eugene N. Bushman USS Argonne Anderson, TX

Michael “Mickey” Ganitch USS Pennsylvania San Leandro, CA

William “Bill” McAnany USS Solace Jefferson City, MO

William “Bill” Chase Pearl Harbor Naval Hospital Pearcy, AR

Dorwin D. Hill USS Dewey San Antonio, TX

Victor Paradis Submarine Base PH North Mankato, MN

John Egan USS San Francisco Felixstowe, England

Harold “Hal” Mayo Kaneohe NAS VP-14 Groveland, CA

George H. G. Webster Kaneohe NAS Suffolk, VA

WWW.PACIFICHISTORICPARKS.ORG

13

You Make it Happen!

Your contributions help us meet our mission to ensure that the legacy of the valiant, courageous men and women who served our country during World War II are never forgotten. We would like to recognize and thank the following donors for their recent contributions.

IN HONOR OF Lou Conter Donald Stratton Lauren Bruner Lonnie Cook Ken Potts Stan Cromlish

Earl Pecotte, Gunner's Mate's 2nd Class, USS Arizona Michael Tanguay

IN MEMORY OF Dr. S Sol Flores Mrs. Cecilia Tolentino Flores Nona Flores

Richard C. Otto Robert Otto

Jerry D. Tessaro, CSC U.S. Navy (Ret.), USS Oklahoma Pearl Harbor Survivor Rita Tessaro

Kwai "Sunny" Young Delbert Dandurant David Pacion

Natale C. Locascio Larry Locascio

John Dale Wubben Steven Wubben

Goran Anderson Barry Cicero Richard McMahon

THANK YOU TO OUR FRIENDS Brian Allen Akua / Francis Amoo Angel Andres Koli Aniedobe Elizabeth Arnold Mr. Leo Bauer Lisa Beauchamp Janet Ward Black Timothy Breza Laura Broe Marjorie M Bruckmueller Barbara Morales Burke Candace Burnett Aileen Carroll Linda Cearbaugh Samuel E Clower Jr Cherie Coble Brad Cole

David A Coleman Lee Collins Wendy Cook Elaine Corbitt Stephanie Cosgrove Virginia Crisp Stan Cromlish Charles Demetriades Tom DiRuzzo David Dix James Dodd Robert Ebowsky Robena Egemonye Uche Egemonye Anne Emler John Enterline Debra A Faulkner Julia Fellers- Green

Eleanor Ferguson Nona Flores Trey Fruge Qaran Glenn Colonel Louis Gonzalez Pamela Gordon Anne Gregory Jason Grower Ana P Guzman Pam and Ron Hale Hiromu Hale Amanda Hampton Vinetta Harris Cooper Haskins Susan Hatch Lisa Hayes Jason Haynes Dolores Huang

Kathleen Hurley Les and Tonya Isaacowitz Angela Buehler James Shay Jernigan Anthony D Johnson Janie Johnson Promise Jones Richard Jones Lori Kaszubinski Sam & Mollie Keel Patricia Kelley Eleanor Kinnaird Pat Kraemer Laine Krepps David Lambell Erik Laurila David Leatherman Laurie Ledbetter

To donate, call 808-373-0419 or visit www.pacifichistoricparks.org

14

REMEMBRANCE SUMMER 2022

Larry Locascio Chris Lunsford and Elsje Lunsford Lorraine Magnuson Scott Manuel Dennis R Mar Gary Martin Maura McCann Larry H McCown Richard A McMahon Jr Beth Melville Thomas Millsap Griffin Morrisey Catherine Nadeau Frank De Nave Kathleen L N Nawn, USN (Ret) B Ashley Newton Michael Nowotny

Michael E Oakes Karen O'Donnell Onyi Odunukwe Susan & CJ Odunukwe Daniel J O'Leary Ify Ononogbu Robert Orr Robert Otto David F Pacion Nancy Parry Daniel E Pepping Roy Pickett Gene Pinder Gregory Piner Sally Polley LaMar Powell M Lynn Pritchard Clif Purkiser Dale Ranck Nathaniel Reed Vera Reinstein John Rettew Phillip J Ronish David Roy Edean Saito William Sanches Adam Schaller Jarvis Slaton James Smith Adrian Soucek Margaux Spiegel Julie Steele Josh Stein Sarah Stein Kristina Stevenson Martha Stuckey Ann Summer Deborah Sykes Mr. Michael Tanguay Jennifer Taoka Agnes Tauyan Rita G Tessaro Summer Thompson Terrez Thompson Diane Tyndall Tosi Ufodike Aileen Utterdyke Karen Vertreese Gary Viela Mark Walchak Bradley Wiese Khris and Carla Williams Tracey Willis Sandra Wilson Carolyn Wood Timothy Wright Steven Wubben Hiromu Yogi Frank J Ziemba Ellen Zwilling

The Legacy Society Create a legacy that will ensure history will never be forgotten Since 1980, millions of people from every state of our nation and from 40 countries around the world have seen, experienced, and been inspired by the valor and sacrifices of the Greatest Generation at Pearl Harbor and throughout the Pacific Basin. The Legacy Society was created to acknowledge and celebrate family and friends who desire to keep history alive and to honor the sacrifices of the World War II generation. Members have affirmed Pacific Historic Parks in their estate plans or through other planned gifting arrangements.

Planned gifts provide a unique opportunity to preserve our country’s military heritage through supporting Pacific Historic Parks while possibly receiving tax benefits on income.

TYPES OF PLANNED GIFTS Charitable Bequest Life Insurance Life Income Gifts Charitable Gift Annuity Charitable Remainder Trust

I’m interested in discussing my options for a planned gift with Pacific Historic Parks. Please contact me at the number listed in the form below.

I already have a planned gift set up for Pacific Historic Parks.

Please specify type: _________________________ Pacific Historic Parks may recognize my membership in The Legacy Society in its publications. ___________________________________________________________ Name ___________________________________________________________ Address ___________________________________________________________ City, State, Zip ___________________________________________________________ Phone ___________________________________________________________ Email Established in 1979, Pacific Historic Parks is a 501(c)(3), tax exempt cooperating association committed to preserving the legacy of our historic heritage by providing support of research, preservation, restoration, education and interpretive programs to the National Park Service at Pearl Harbor National Memorial (Pearl Harbor), War in the Pacific National Historical Park (Guam), American Memorial Park (Saipan), Kalaupapa National Historical Park (Molokai) and Diamond Head State Monument (Oahu).

WWW.PACIFICHISTORICPARKS.ORG

15

98-211 Pali Momi Street #200-A Aiea, Hawaii 96701

A year after the massacre of 46 people of Merizo, fellow villagers gather to memorialize them.

PRESORTED FIRST-CLASS MAIL U.S. POSTAGE PAID HONOLULU, HI PERMIT NO. 985