InFocus Namibia - March 2026

InFocus NAMIBIA MARCH, 2026

AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

REGIONAL INTEGRATION ISSN 2026-9080

CELEBRATING 36 YEARS OF FREEDOM AND UNITY Beyond 35 for a Prosperous Future As we honour our nation’s journey, we remain committed to contributing to a future of growth, innovation, and shared prosperity for all Namibians.

CONTENTS -From The Editor -Quick Facts -Key Dates -Lead Story:

04 05 08 09

SADC Energy Week 2026: A Region Wiring Itself Together

15 -Namibian Dam Levels Update -Executive Spotlight -Tenders -Press Releases -Contributing Authors

09 11 12

-Fuel Prices -Energy: Batteries Unlock Namibia’s Renewable Future

14

-Solar Energy Production -Industries

15

Diversification: Green Steel

-Namibia: External Shocks and Strategic Options

12

17

16

20 21 27 29 35

Cover image: Google AI Studio Editor: David Jarrett Deputy Editor: Nicole Felix Contributors: Silpa Kanghono, Lahja Amaambo, Chilombo Olga Priscila, Renee Jarrett, Grace Kangotue Chief Designer: Nicole Felix RDJ Publishing (Pty) Ltd is the publishing home of the InFocus Namibia, written and authored through the collaboration with RDJ Consulting Services CC (www.rdjconsulting.co.za).

This report is a FREE Publication. The content is collected from publicly available information, and so its accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

RDJ Consulting Services CC is an advisory consultancy to the Energy, Water and Transport Sectors with a focus on sustainable operations and renewable energy.

PO Box 23738 Windhoek, NAMIBIA Telephone +264 81 750 3010 Email info@rdjpublishing.africa WEBSITE www.rdjpublishing.africa

From The Editor United for impact… From Neighbours to Partners, Dear Reader, Welcome to the well anticipated next edition of InFocus Namibia, proudly researched and, as you know, produced in Namibia.

This edition coincides with Namibia’s 36th Independence Day, offering a timely moment to reflect not only on how far the nation has come, but also on the path ahead. Independence, after all, is not just about sovereignty, but it is also about strategic positioning, resilience, and the ability to collaborate meaningfully within a broader regional and global context.

As such, Namibia’s geographic advantage within the Southern Africa region places it at the crossroads of global opportunities. With access to key trade corridors and ports, the country has long recognised the importance of regional integration as a driver of economic growth and energy security. Its participation in these regional trading blocs and power markets has not only strengthened Namibia’s economic footing but also underscored a critical shift, from operating as neighbours to functioning as partners.

Nowhere is this transformation more evident to all than in the energy sector. Regional cooperation mechanisms, such as cross-border electricity trading, continue to play a vital role in stabilising supply and supporting development. While Namibia has historically been a net importer of electricity, recent trends point to a paradigm shift. Local generation is steadily increasing, with domestic supply surpassing imports in both 2024 and 2025, recording 54% and 52% respectively. This marks a significant milestone in the country’s energy journey.

Yet, Namibia’s ambitions extend beyond self-sufficiency. As the nation works to deliver reliable, affordable, and inclusive clean energy for its citizens, it is also positioning itself as a contributor to regional energy resilience and coordination. This was clearly reflected during the SADC Sustainable Energy Week 2026, held in Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, where policymakers, utilities, investors, and technical experts convened to advance a shared vision: driving regional economic growth through clean energy and efficiency. The event was held under the theme: “Driving Regional Economic Growth through Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency.”

However, the path forward towards energy security is not without complexity. Global economic pressures such as rising crude costs and the increasing freight rates continue to ripple through domestic economies, affecting all sector industries from transport to construction. For Namibia, this is not merely a consumer issue but a deep concern, which raises the question of how these external shocks can be translated into opportunities for structural reform, innovation, and growth.

This edition therefore brings these themes together, exploring how regional integration, infrastructure investment, and forward-looking energy strategies are shaping Namibia’s future.

It also features an Executive Spotlight on a leading voice in regional energy regulation, offering insight into the governance and vision required to sustain collaboration across borders.

We thus hope you find this edition informative as usual and encourage you to follow and engage with us on all our social media accounts as we continue to explore and discuss these vital issues.

As always, the conversation continues at infocus@rdjpublishing.africa Yours, editor@rdjpublishing.africa

Within this evolving landscape, Namibia is taking decisive steps. Investments in grid infrastructure, utility-scale battery storage, and high-voltage transmission lines are paving the way for a more resilient and flexible energy system. These developments not only enhance domestic supply but also strengthen Namibia’s role within the regional power pool, which enables the country to both draw from and contribute to a shared energy network.

At the same time, Namibia is looking beyond electrons to molecules. The emergence of green hydrogen and green iron projects along the southern coastline signals a bold new chapter.

Leveraging world-class renewable resources, these initiatives position Namibia as a future exporter of clean energy and green industrial products. These initiatives are not merely an environmental commitment, but also a strategic pin toward long-term economic resilience and global competitiveness in a decarbonising world.

(David A. Jarrett) Editor in Chief

(Nicole Felix) Editor

NOTE 1: We welcome letters and articles from readers globally and require that you provide your full details such as name, current address and contact phone/WhatsApp number as well as email. We however reserve the right to amend, modify or reject submissions. You may also request that your details be withheld from publication.

NOTE 2: InFocus Namibia is published monthly and is FREE to Readers. The magazine is paid for by advertising and the research support from RDJ Consulting Services CC, Windhoek, Namibia.

Quick Facts

N A M I B I A POPULATION

(2023 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS)

3,022,401 Male Population

POPULATION SIZE

1,474,224

N$245.1 billion Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market prices (2024)

GINI COEFFICIENT (2024)

LITERACY RATE (15+ YEARS) (2023 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS)

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (2023 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS)

1,548,177

0.56

87%

36.9%

Female Population

6.50 REPO RATE (Feb 2026)

2.40

10.00

INFLATION (CPI) (Feb 2026)

PRIME LENDING RATE (Feb 2026)

670 MW MAXIMUM DEMAND (2025)

4,288 GWh TOTAL ELECTRICITY UNITS SOLD (2024) Local Electricity Supply (2025)

52%

Imported Electricity (2025)

48% SOURCE: RDJ CONSULTING SERVICES CC

Regional Integration Facts Namibia is strategically positioned in southern Africa, providing access to both regional and international markets through its membership in key trade blocs. Namibia is a member of the following trade agreements:

Name of Agreement/Grouping

Member States

Southern African Customs Union (SACU)

Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia and South Afric

Southern African Development Community (SADC)

Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

The TFTA agreement was signed by Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Rwanda, Seychelles, South Africa, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.[

COMESA-EAC-SADC Tripartite FTA

5 countries of the African Union (AU) and eight (8) Regional Economic Communities (RECs)

African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)

Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Eswatini (EU) and the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) and European Union countries UK - SACU and Mozambique Economic Partnership Agreement

Namibia, South Africa, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique and the United Kingdom

SACU European Free Trade Association (EFTA) Agreement

SACU members: namely Botswana; Lesotho; Namibia; South Africa; Eswatini on one side and EFTA members namely Iceland; Liechtenstein; Norway; Switzerland.

SACU - MERCOSUR Southern Common Market of the South Agreement

Namibia as part of SACU joined the SACU-MERCOSUR PTA on 16 December 2004. The MERCOSUR member countries include Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela (suspended since 2016). Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Bolivia are associates members of MERCOSUR.

Namibia and USA African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)

Namibia is one of the designated eligible Sub - Saharan African countries which benefiting from the Africa Growth Opportunity Act. AGOA is set to expire on 30 September 2025 if extension is not granted by the US Congress.

Namibia-Zimbabwe Bilateral Trade Agreement

Namibia and Zimbabwe, this agreement was amended on 28 October 2008. The PTA was jointly notified by the Parties to the WTO in 2021 in accordance with Article XXIV of the GATT. Namibia’s Energy Agreements

Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)

Botswana Power Corporation, Electricidade de Mozambique, Electricity Supply Corporation of Malawi, Rede Nacional de Transporte de Electricidade, Eskom, Hidroelectrica de Cahora Bassa, Lesotho Electricity Corporation, Mozambique Transmission Company, Nam Power, Societe Nationale d'Electricite, Eswatini Electricity Company, Tanzania Electricity Supply Company Ltd, ZESCO Limited, Copperbelt Energy Cooperation, Lunsemfwa Hydro Power Company, Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority, Ndola Energy Corporation, GreenCo Power Services Ltd, Maamba Collieries Limited, Nyangani Renewable Energy, Solarcentury Trading, Enterprise Power DRC

Key Dates SOURCE: RDJ CONSULTING SERVICES CC

REPO RATE

6.50

Repo Rate (18 February 2026)

Monetary Policy Announcement Dates

Repo Rate 2025 6.75%

6.75%

7

6.75%

6.50%

6.50%

6.50%

6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Apr 2025

Jun 2025

Aug 2025

Oct 2025

Dec 2025

22

APRIL 2026

17

JUNE 2026

12

AUGUST 2026

21

OCTOBER 2026

02

DECEMBER 2026

Feb 2026

INFLATION RATE

2.40

Inflation (CPI) (February 2026) Monthly Inflation Rate 5 4.20% 4

3.60%

3.50%

3.70%

3.50%

3.20%

3.50%

3.60%

3.40%

3

3.20%

2.90% 2.40%

2 1 0

08

Mar 2025 Apr 2025 May 2025 Jun 2025 Jul 2025 Aug 2025 Sep 2025 Oct 2025 Nov 2025 Dec 2025 Jan 2026 Feb 2026

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InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Lead Story SADC Energy Week 2026: A Region Wiring Itself Together Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe — 23–27 February 2026.

AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

S

ustainable Energy Week 2026 convened energy professionals and policymakers to address critical challenges and opportunities in the sector.

Convened by Zimbabwe’s Ministry of Energy and Power Development together with the SADC Secretariat and the SADC Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (SACREEE), the Week drew ministers, utilities, investors and technical partners for five days of policy dialogue, investment matchmaking and technical exchanges under the theme “Driving Regional Economic Growth through Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency.”

Conference theme: "Driving Regional Economic Growth through Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency" Speakers stressed that energy access, security and affordability are the backbone of industrialisation and trade in SADC, and that deeper grid integration is the fastest, least‑cost way to get there. Universal access to energy remains a priority, with economic models for off-grid solutions gaining traction. Community solar grids, solar irrigation systems, and anchor loads were presented as

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viable approaches for reaching remote areas. These models enable productive uses of energy, supporting rural businesses and industrialization.

The SADC Executive Secretary reported a weighted regional electricity access of approximately 56%, acknowledging progress but also the persistence of gaps and climate‑related shocks that exposed hydropower vulnerabilities during the 2024–2025 droughts. Coal still dominates the mix (approximately 59%), hydropower contributes approximately 24%, and solar/wind/gas have risen to approximately 12% a decade‑long shift that SEW aims to accelerate with policy and finance.

Ensuring affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy access is fundamental for promoting inclusive economic growth and strengthening resilience throughout the SADC region.

Despite progress, numerous rural and peri-urban communities remain underserved by modern energy services, limiting prospects for local enterprise development, value addition, and enhanced livelihoods.

Promoting productive use of energy (PUE) represents a transformative strategy, broadening the benefits of

09

Women in Energy

electrification beyond household consumption to foster income generation, employment opportunities, and improved food security.

ZETDC, ZESCO and SAPP. On the regulatory front, SAPP’s market deepening gained momentum with the RETRADE SAPP programme backed by the World Bank.

Productive energy use emerged as a central theme of Agrivoltaics (Agri-PV). Presentations and discussions showcased rural agricultural models, village-level programs, and innovations like floating solar and anchor loads. Community solar grids and solar-powered irrigation were highlighted for their role in supporting business centers and capacity building. These initiatives are driving rural industrialization and improving livelihoods by fostering economic activity and food security.

Namibia has readied itself to move towards further liberalization of its power market under its Modified Single Buyer (MSB) while Zimbabwe is liberalising its power market and targeting universal access by 2030. South Africa is building 14,000 km of new transmission lines and diversifying its energy mix. Mozambique is expanding cross‑border transmission capacity. Zambia is central to north–south trade flows. Namibia and Botswana continue building their roles in the ZIZABONA corridor.

The conference underscored the importance of affordable clean cooking solutions for improving public health. Experts highlighted that accessible technologies such as LPG stoves and advanced biomass systems can reduce respiratory illnesses and enhance overall well-being. Discussions emphasized linking financing mechanisms to carbon markets, enabling subsidies to lower costs for households.

Policymakers debated LPG tax policies to ensure affordability while supporting clean energy adoption.

The Southern African Development Community’s Sustainable Energy Week (SEW) closed with a clear message: regional integration is no longer an aspiration; it is the operating system for Southern Africa’s energy future. regional integration is no longer an aspiration SEW reinforced commitments under REEESAP (2016–2030).

Energy efficiency and clean cooking solutions were presented as immediate, high‑impact interventions.

Regional leaders examined the Southern African power pool's energy trilemma consisting of balancing security, affordability, and sustainability. The discussions stressed alignment with regional protocols and international climate efforts. Unlocking renewable energy potential, such as solar and hydro, was seen as essential for utility resilience and long-term energy security.

SEW highlighted critical interconnector projects including ZIZABONA (Zimbabwe–Zambia–Botswana–Namibia) and the ZIZA leg, strengthened through cooperation between 10

Readings: SADC Sustainable Energy Week event notice.

SADC Sustainable Energy Week Concluding Report.

ZBC News: SADC pushes energy transition.

SADC Energy Pillar documentation.

SADC Ministers Call for Accelerated Action.

World Bank RETRADE SAPP Press Release.

Energy Capital & Power: SAPP Distribution Capacity.

AU–PIDA ZIZABONA Prospectus.

ZESA Holdings: ZIZA Interconnector Discussions.

NamPower: ZIZABONA Project Overview.

SAPP Steps Up Interconnection Report.

SADC REEESAP Policy Brief.

CGTN: SEW Opens in Zimbabwe.

BU GDP Center: Renewable Energy Access in SADC.

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InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Fuel Prices March 2026 Fuel Prices Update Petrol

N$ 19.58/ US$ 1.16

NAMIBIA

SOUTH AFRICA

ANGOLA

NIGERIA

BOTSWANA

ZAMBIA

Diesel

N$ 19.63/ US$ 1.16

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

R 19.89/ US$ 1.18

R 21.27/ US$ 1.26

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

Kz 300.00/ US$ 0.33

Kz 400.00/ US$ 0.44

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

₦ 1193.75/ US$ 0.87

₦ 1506.25/ US$ 1.10

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

P 15.47/

P 16.28/ US$ 1.26

US$ 1.18

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

ZK 26.61/ US$ 1.38

ZK 23.25/ US$ 1.20

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

The US$ equivalent refers to current exchange rates (24 March 2026) Information available at the time of publication. Reliance on this information is not advised.

Data Source: Namibia: www.mme.gov.na, Botswana: www.bera.co.bw, Zambia: www.erb.org.zm, Others: theglobaleconomy.com

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Energy Batteries Unlock Namibia’s Renewable Future AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Courtesy: https://www.hitachienergy.com/news-and-events/customer-stories/zambezi-link

N

amibia already imports roughly half or more of its electricity depending on the hydrological flows, with peak demand above 600 MW, and has set out

multiple grid and storage projects to lower costs and increase security of supply. NamPower is moving ahead with utility‑scale batteries at strategic substations and new 400 kV lines as an approach that can soak up daytime solar and wind, meeting some of the firm supply at Windhoek, Walvis Bay/Swakopmund and mining‑heavy Erongo, and strengthen interconnections into the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP).

Two current grid‑scale projects help frame Namibia’s near‑term rollout. First, the Omburu BESS (near Omaruru) which is a roughly 51–54 MW lithium iron phosphate installation which will target ancillary services and evening peaks, with commissioning slated for 2026. Another, the Lithops BESS to be based in Erongo (45 MW/90 MWh) has entered procurement under the World Bank-backed Transmission Expansion and Energy Storage (TEES)

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program, explicitly designed to support heavy mining loads and store surplus solar power in the coastal load pocket.

These systems assist the backbone of new transmission, most notably the Auas–Kokerboom 400 kV line, so that stored energy can be moved efficiently to other demand centres and to SAPP interfaces.

For policy makers, the investment thesis is straightforward: batteries placed at or near load hedge price volatility, reduce import exposure during the evening peak, and create tradable flexibility that can be monetised through SAPP’s day‑ahead and bilateral markets as they deepen. For private equity, Namibia’s tenderable, sovereign‑backed projects (KfW/World Bank) offer construction‑ready grid nodes and de‑risked off‑take via NamPower’s single‑buyer model.

Lithium‑ion batteries has become the default for 2 – 4 hour grid services thanks to current low capex and high efficiency, but round‑trip performance falls with higher ambient heat and lifecycle degradation, and fire codes can constrain siting in dense urban zones or indoors. Vanadium

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InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are said to address those pain points as they use non‑flammable aqueous electrolytes that show minimal capacity fade over 20 – 30 years, and can scale energy (MWh) by simply enlarging tanks, which is ideal where Namibia needs 6 – 10+ hours to shift solar into the evening or cover overnight wind lulls at the coasts.

North‑east and western corridors (ZIZABONA and beyond). As the ZIZABONA corridor advances, substation‑sited BESS can act as “shock absorbers” for cross‑border flows, increasing Namibia’s ability to arbitrage SAPP prices and ride through upstream disturbances.

Africa isn’t new to VRFB and so it is not starting from zero.

Eskom’s early VRFB pilots demonstrated multi‑hour smoothing and black‑start use cases; today, Namibia can leapfrog with commercial‑scale deployments co-located at substations and industrial feeders. A local VRFB supply chain could also align with Southern Africa’s vanadium resource endowment, creating a regional hedge on electrolyte supply while capturing value beyond mining.

All indications seem to show that putting long‑duration VRFBs beside fast‑response lithium at Namibia’s load centres, tie them to stronger interconnectors, and the country can turn world‑class sun and wind into 24/7 power while unlocking new revenue from the region’s most valuable commodity after daylight itself: flexibility.

Where batteries change the Namibian map Windhoek (Auas/Gerus corridor). BESS nodes here reduce North ‑ South congestion, stabilise the network around the capital and anchor trades across the Caprivi (Zambezi) HVDC link, which already connects Namibia to Zambia and SAPP’s eastern path.

Erongo (Lithops/Walvis Bay/Swakopmund).

A 45 MW/90 MWh asset at Lithops can firm coastal wind, absorb midday PV and shave evening mining peaks improving power quality for export‑facing metallurgy and logistics at the port.

As always the conversation continues editor@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings: https://gh2namibia.com/publication-category/reports/ https://cbn.co.za/industry-news/renewable-energy-alternativeenergy-solutions-news/vanadium-batteries-global-boom-boostssouth-africa-industry/ https://sumitomoelectric.com/products/flow-batteries/stories/therole-of-long-duration-energy-storage-ldes-and-flow-batteries https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/pressrelease/2025/11/04/world-bank-and-southern-african-power-poolpartner-to-expand-regional-power-trade https://www.hitachienergy.com/news-and-events/customerstories/zambezi-link https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/namibia-energy

Courtesy: vanitec.org/latest-from-vanitec

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Solar Energy Production

Industries Diversification: Green Steel AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

N

amibia stands at a pivotal moment in its economic journey. Long known for its mineral wealth and traditional industries, the country is now

positioning itself as a global player in green steel and hydrogen. For business leaders seeking growth and resilience in a changing world, Namibia’s push toward sustainable green industrialization offers a compelling case study in diversification and opportunity.

Like many resource-rich nations, Namibia has sought ways to broaden its economic base and reduce reliance on legacy sectors. The emergence of green steel and hydrogen as viable commercial markets is transforming what was once a climate conversation into a procurement reality.

Major steel buyers including automakers, construction firms, and consumer brands are actively seeking lowcarbon inputs, turning green steel into a tradable advantage.

The global shift toward decarbonization is fueling demand for green iron and steel. Traditionally, steel production relies on coal-intensive blast furnaces, making it one of the

most carbon-heavy industrial processes. By leveraging green hydrogen as a reducing agent, Namibia can produce direct reduced iron (DRI) with minimal emissions. This technological transition unlocks new export markets while supporting international climate commitments.

Namibia’s abundant solar and wind resources of well renowned abundance, give it a distinct edge in the global race for green industrialization. The country’s southern coastline offers world-class conditions for renewable energy generation, setting the stage for scalable green hydrogen and green iron projects. Namibia is already recognized as a leader in green hydrogen, with several initiatives aimed at converting renewable power into export-grade products.

These strengths are attracting international investment and partnerships, aligning Namibia’s economic goals with global sustainability trends.

Pioneering Net Zero Iron Production

Courtesy: https://gh2namibia.com/projects/hyiron/

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At the forefront of Namibia’s industrial transformation is the HyIron technology, which is deployed in the Oshivela project. This initiative aims to produce iron at net zero emissions, starting with an annual output of 15,000 tonnes of DRI. The project is a milestone not only for Namibia but for the broader green steel movement, demonstrating that commercial-scale, low-carbon production is achievable.

While the initial phase is modest, the long-term vision is to scale operations and expand into full steelmaking as market conditions evolve.

Scaling up green steel and hydrogen projects requires careful stewardship of Namibia’s natural resources. Water supply, land use, biodiversity, and social license are critical factors. The southern coastline features sensitive ecosystems and protected areas, making cumulativeimpact planning and transparent environmental management essential. Without proper safeguards, rapid industrialization could threaten both biodiversity and local communities.

Success hinges on integrating sustainability into every stage of project development. Designing desalination and brine management as shared services, with clear environmental safeguards, ensures that water use does not compromise local ecosystems or communities. Embedding local benefit commitments such as with jobs, supplier participation, housing, and improved municipal services into project design requirements helps avoid the risk of

isolated “enclave” developments that offer limited national value and attract reputational risks.

Namibia’s pursuit of green steel and hydrogen is more than an environmental initiative, it is a strategic move toward economic resilience and global competitiveness. By harnessing renewable energy, pioneering sustainable technology, and prioritizing community and ecological stewardship, Namibia is laying the groundwork for a diversified, future-ready economy. For business leaders, the message is clear: Namibia’s green industrial blueprint offers both commercial opportunity and a model for responsible growth in the 21st century.

As always the editor@rdjpublishing.africa

conversation

continues

Readings: Ammonia Energy (2023). “Namibia Green Industrialisation Blueprint.”

Green Hydrogen Business Alliance (2024). “Localizing Green Industries in Namibia.”

Harper, T. (n.d.). “Green Steel and the European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM).”

Hyphen “Hyphen Hydrogen Energy Project Status Update.” https://hyphenafrica.com/ IEA (2022). Renewable Energy Opportunities for Namibia (Executive summary).

IEA (2025). “Steel – Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025.”

Namibia Green Hydrogen Programme “Hyphen Hydrogen Energy.” https://gh2namibia.com/ https://hyiron.com/oshivela/

Courtesy: https://gh2namibia.com/projects/cleanergy-solutions/

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Namibia: External Shocks and Strategic Options AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

W

hen wars occur far from our borders, Namibia can be tempted to treat the consequences as “noise”, that must not be translated into panic.

Therefore, businesses, households, and the Bank of Namibia (BoN) can manage until the world calms down.

treat the consequences as “noise”?

However, the current Middle East conflict fits this, especially as the way it is already reshaping oil and gas prices, risk premiums, and even global interest-rate expectations. This suggests a need for a more durable shift to strategies for a world in which shocks arrive more often, last longer, and transmit faster into African balance sheets.

If South Africa, as the region’s main financial anchor, starts to see rate cuts later and less than expected, Namibia’s policy and investment choices could become tighter, not looser. The question is not whether Namibia will feel the impact, but whether it will translate the pressure into a clearer growth strategy.

The first and most visible channel is the energy sector.

Namibia is a net (100%) importer of refined fuel and many petroleum-linked inputs, so higher crude prices and freight costs quickly filter into the transport bill, food distribution, construction materials, and ultimately the cost of living.

This is not merely a consumer story, it is also a national competitiveness story.

If diesel and logistics become structurally pricier, then every export which will include beef, fish, grapes, uranium, or emerging green industrial products, must work harder to earn the same margin. That reality increases the value of domestic efficiency such as better port turnaround times, more reliable rail and road corridors, and targeted energy solutions for transport and industry. It also strengthens the case for accelerating local energy resilience (renewables, storage, and grid upgrades), not as climate branding but as inflation protection.

The second channel is monetary, and it is uniquely constraining. Namibia’s dollar is pegged to the South

Courtesy: https://www.namibian.com.na/fish-exports-dominate-produce-sector/

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African rand via the Common Monetary Area arrangement, which effectively imports South Africa’s interest-rate cycle into Namibia. If South Africa’s central bank finds it can cut rates only twice rather than three times, as some large financial institutions now expect, BoN’s room to ease credit conditions also narrows.

For households, that can mean a longer period of elevated debt servicing and slower discretionary spending. For firms, it can mean deferred expansion, cautious hiring, and more expensive working capital. For the government, it can mean a stubbornly high cost of domestic borrowing at precisely the time when citizens most want visible investment in jobs and services.

Trade policy shifts may, however, offer Namibia an offsetting opportunity. If China proceeds with removing import duties on African exports, the prize will not automatically go to the largest producers; it will go to the countries that can meet standards, ship reliably, and scale supply. Namibia’s advantage is not volume, but it is credibility and traceability. That suggests a forward plan focused on: (1) strengthening sanitary and phytosanitary systems for meat and horticulture, (2) expanding cold-chain and inspection capacity at ports and borders, and (3) using digital traceability to protect premium pricing for fisheries and beef.

Done well, Namibia can treat a more open approach to others, such as Asia, with a focus on the Chinese market as a catalyst to move up the value chain, rather than as a channel for exporting raw product with thin margins.

A future view also points to a bigger strategic role for Namibia as a logistics and services platform. When global trade routes feel less predictable, firms diversify routes, inventory, and supplier bases. Walvis Bay and the TransKalahari and Walvis Bay–Ndola–Lubumbashi corridors can become more valuable to regional producers seeking redundancy and speed. Therefore, if Namibia invests in the “not so fanciful” basics like predictable customs processes, transparent port tariffs, security on corridors, and reliable rail rehabilitation. In a world where geopolitics raises the cost of delay, logistics reliability becomes a national comparative advantage.

logistics reliability becomes a national comparative advantage Energy geopolitics is also shifting closer to home. Angola’s offshore developments such as the reported acquisition of interests in oil blocks signal continued capital allocation to the region’s hydrocarbons even as the world talks up transition. For Namibia, the lesson is mixed. First, the region’s energy story will remain mixed for years with hydrocarbons and renewables coexisting, and price volatility will persist. Second, Namibia’s own energy pathway should increasingly prioritize flexibility. Whether Namibia ultimately becomes a producer in its own offshore basins or remains an importer, the near-term economic win is reducing exposure to imported price spikes through diversified generation, demand management, and regional power trade. Further, increased electrification of the energy sector such as with e-mobility, create a further approach to energy security and reduced import vulnerability. A pragmatic approach would treat using renewables to lower the average cost of power and protect competitiveness.

Courtesy: vanitec.org/latest-from-vanitec

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InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Primary Energy Supply Mix (2024/25) - NAMIBIA 2%

12%

Petroleum (Imported) Biomass (Traditional)

25%

61%

Electricity (Imported/Local) Other (Coal/Solar)

Final Energy Consumption by Sector

Percentage of Total Consumption (%)

60 48

50 40

28

30

18

20 10 0

6 Transport

Industry & Mining

Residential

Other (Agri/Services)

RDJ Consulting illustration of varied energy data Source: https://www.iea.org/countries/namibia/energy-mix

Over the next three to five years, Namibia’s economic debate should be defined less by any single commodity discovery and more by how well the country navigates an era of recurring volatility. If interest rates stay higher for longer in the region, growth will come disproportionately from productivity like doing the basics better, faster, and more predictably. If energy prices remain jumpy, resilience will come from diversification and efficiency, not wishful forecasting. And if trade preferences expand whether through China’s tariff changes or other realignments like competitiveness will come from standards, reliability, and value addition. In that future, Namibia’s best response is neither fear nor complacency. It is strategic sobriety: assume the world will remain noisy, then build institutions, infrastructure, and export capability that perform well anyway.

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Namibia’s best response is neither fear nor complacency.

The time to act is therefore now, while choices still feel discretionary.

Namibia cannot control wars, oil benchmarks, or South Africa’s rate path, but it can control how quickly it removes bottlenecks, how consistently it signals policy predictability, and how deliberately it builds export capacity that earns hard currency in any environment.

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NAMIBIA DAM LEVELS UPDATE (March 2026)

Dam's Full Capacity (in Mm3)

Present Volume March 2026 (in Mm3)

100

1000

80 800

600

400

40

200

20

H ar da p

N ec ka rt al

0

0 N Sw au te ak op po or t Vo n Ba O ch lu sh an dj O a m O ar m ur at u ak D o el ta D am O an ob D re O ih tji uk ve ro M O ai tji n ve ro Si lt Fr i O ed m en at au je nn e D am G or ea ng Ti ab ld a Vi ljo en Bo nd D el aa s n Vi ljo en

Water Volume (in Mm3)

60

Name of Reservoir Author’s analysis and representation of NamWater’s weekly dam bulletin - dated 16/03/2026

DEFICIT 21%

According to records by NamWater’s weekly Dam Bulletins, Namibia has a total Reservoir capacity of 1556.71 million cubic meters (Mm3), whose present volumes stand at 1231.86 Mm3 (or 79.1%). This means that the country’s water deficit is currently 324.85 Mm3 (or 20.9%).

CAPACITY

1556.71 Mm3

AVAILABILITY 79%

77.7% Present % of Full Capacity 09 February 2026

79.1% Present % of Full Capacity 16 March 2026

SOURCE: RDJ CONSULTING SERVICES CC

Executive Spotlight Spotlight on Mr. Francois Robinson Interview by Ms. Silpa Kanghono (Coordinator: Digital Marketing and Events - RDJ Publishing)

W

elcome to the Spotlight Series, a platform where we engage with visionary industry leaders who are driving innovation and shaping a more sustainable

future. In this edition, we are honoured to feature Mr. Francois Robinson, the Executive Director of the Regional Energy Regulators Association of Southern Africa (RERA). In this interview, we explore his executive role, his overarching vision for advancing energy regulation across the Southern African region, key attributes you bring to leading RERA and more.

1. Can you describe your executive role?

As the Executive Director of RERA, I play a central leadership and management role in guiding the association and implementing its mandate within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. RERA itself is a formal association of national energy regulators from SADC member states, established in 2002 to promote harmonisation of energy regulation and cooperation across the region.

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The overall purpose of my role as Executive Director is to: Provide strategic leadership and direction to RERA Ensuring that RERA’s objectives, as defined in its constitution and governance decisions, are effectively implemented Managing day-to-day operations of the Secretariat and representing the organisation at regional and international platforms.

My role typically includes: 1. Strategic Guidance & Leadership Lead the formulation and implementation of RERA’s strategic initiatives.

Ensure that RERA’s activities align with its mission to harmonise regulatory policies and foster cooperation among regulators in the SADC region.

2. Management & Administration Oversee the administrative, operational, and human resource functions of the RERA Secretariat.

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Develop policies and systems that enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation.

3. Resource Mobilisation Spearhead efforts to secure funding and support from development partners and stakeholders for RERA’s programmes and projects.

4. Coordination & Stakeholder Relations Manage relationships with SADC institutions, member state regulators, civil society, private sector partners, and international bodies.

Coordinate activities between RERA and its key stakeholders.

5. Governance Support Act as the secretariat to RERA’s governing structures (Plenary, Executive Committee, and Portfolio Committees), including preparing agendas, reports, and minutes.

Report on organisational progress, financial status, workplans, and performance to governing bodies.

6. Representation Represent RERA at regional and global energy regulatory meetings and forums, promoting its mission and interests.

The Executive Director ensures that RERA effectively supports its members by: Advancing harmonised energy regulatory frameworks that facilitate regional energy trade and cooperation.

Building capacity and sharing information among national regulators.

Promoting a sustainable, investment-friendly regional energy market across SADC. RERA is headquartered in Windhoek, Namibia, and operates through a Secretariat that implements decisions made by the Plenary and Executive Committee—structures composed of representatives from member energy regulators.

2. What is the Vision, Mission and Value proposition of RERA? The Vision of RERA “To be the leading regional regulatory authority advancing an integrated, sustainable and efficient energy sector in the SADC region” The Mission of RERA “Driving strategic collaboration to harmonize regulations, foster technological innovations, enhance data exchange which attracting investment in the energy sector”

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RERA’s Unique Value Propositions guided by the Strategic Plan are: UVP1 Leading platform for regulatory harmonization UVP2 Capacity builder and knowledge hub UVP3 Policy coordination and strategic convening role UVP4 Market enabler for regional integration UVP5 Promoter of transparency, predictability, and investor confidence UVP6 Driver of private sector confidence and regional investment readiness UVP7 Catalyst for an inclusive, just, and sustainable energy transition UVP8 Modern, agile, and future-ready regulator UVP9 Champion of trust, equity, and end-user engagement UVP10 Regional facilitator for integrated energy markets

3. Where does RERA derive its mandate RERA derives its mandate from its constitution. The objectives of RERA fall into four broad categories, namely: Capacity Building and Information Sharing Facilitate energy regulatory capacity-building among Members at both national and regional level through information sharing and skills training.

Facilitation of Energy Sector Policy, Legislation and Trade Enhance the increasing integration of energy systems and energy trade in the Southern African region and beyond through the facilitation of harmonized policy in Energy Sectors, legislation and regulators for cross-border trading, focusing on issues affecting the economic efficiency of energy interconnections and energy trade and on terms and conditions for access to transmission and distribution capacity, safety and cross-border tariffs.

Consumer Protection and Communication Services Enhance consumer awareness and protection through dissemination of information and standardization of consumer rights, protection and communication in accordance with best practices and national legislation.

Regional Regulatory Co-operation Deliberate and make recommendations to members on issues that fall outside national jurisdiction, and to exercise such powers as may be conferred on RERA through the SADC Energy Protocol.

4. As The Executive Director of RERA, how would you describe your overarching vision for advancing energy regulation across the Southern African region?

The strategic vision for the Regional Energy Regulators Association of

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Southern Africa (RERA) for the next five years (2025-2030) iscentred on a fundamental institutional transformation. As such, my vision as the newly appointed Executive Director will be guided by the RERA Strategic Plan 2025-2029 and the institutional mandate to evolve RERA from a voluntary association into a legally empowered regional regulatory authority.

The overarching goal is to establish the Southern Africa Regional Energy Regulators Authority (SARERA), which will serve as the leading regional regulatory body for the energy sector in the SADC region.

My immediate focus is thereby on ensuring operational stability and managing the transition. The long-term vision, however, is a matter of institutional strategy, building on the work of previous leadership, and the collective mandate from SADC Member States. The vision for the next five years is therefore defined by the strategic roadmap to achieve the SARERA transformation.

5. What aspect of your sector keeps you awake at night?

Generally, it is not unusual to note that the under-performance of some of the energy entities including the State-Owned utilities.

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There could be a variety of reasons for this situation. These include but not limited to non-cost reflective prices and tariffs, unsustainable subsidies and limited public sector finance for new infrastructure.

The poor performance of the energy entities is often manifested in terms of poor quality and unreliability of supply and services, and low levels of access to services. Private sector participation is fairly limited due a number of reasons including the lack of enabling regulatory frameworks.

Some issues that keep me awake are: Incompatible country regulatory frameworks, instruments and methods Limited regional integration and electricity/energy trade: the regions regulatory frameworks were still not yet fully harmonised resulting into limited regional electricity trade.

Non-sustainability of the electricity/energy industry Non-full cost recovery tariffs/prices in most Member States resulting into utilities or regulated entities that are not credit worthy and unable to attract the much-needed investment to increase generation/production, transmission and distribution capacity of electricity/energy; Low access to quality and affordable energy services: most Member States had very low electricity access rates especially in the rural areas.

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Lack of a regional energy information system or database that can be used as a resource by regulators, governments, investors and other stakeholders.

and smart grids), and climate change. I must anticipate these trends and steer RERA's strategy to help member regulators adapt, ensuring the region's energy future is both sustainable and resilient.

Insufficient competitive regional electricity/energy trade Lack of effective cooperation and coordination among key regional players and Transmission capacity bottlenecks.

2. Diplomatic & Political Acumen

Uncoordinated planning and development of the energy sector in the region Diminishing surplus generation capacity due to lack of implementable integrated least cost generation plans that would optimise the energy resources that exist in the region and diversify energy sources that are currently largely dependent on hydro and coal; and, Uncoordinated planning by regional players: which has led to lack of optimisation of competitive advantages that Member States have. Isolated planning has led to development of relatively expensive projects in some member states which could have been served by cheaper power from other states.

6.As a mentor, what are some of the key attributes you bring to leading RERA? To effectively lead an organization like the RERA, one needs a unique blend of technical knowledge, diplomatic finesse, and strategic vision. It's not just about managing an association; it's about steering the energy future of a region.

Some key attributes I believe I bring effectively to lead RERA: 1. Strategic Vision & Regional Mindset Deep Understanding of the SADC Energy Landscape: One must have a comprehensive grasp of the SADC region's energy challenges and opportunities. This includes the energy mix (coal, hydro, gas, renewables), the state of grid infrastructure, the critical issue of energy access, and the goals of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). I must look beyond national borders to a truly integrated regional market.

Champion of Regional Integration: The primary role of RERA is to harmonize regulatory frameworks to facilitate a single regional electricity market. I must be an unwavering advocate for this vision, able to articulate the long-term benefits of integration (energy security, lower costs, investment attraction) to all stakeholders.

Foresight and Adaptability: The global energy sector is in flux with the energy transition, technological disruption (like battery storage

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Neutral and Trusted Convener: RERA brings together regulators from diverse countries with varying political systems, economic strengths, and national interests. I must be a consummate diplomat, seen as a neutral and trusted party who can create a safe space for open dialogue and consensus-building on contentious issues.

Stakeholder Relationship Management: The role requires managing a complex web of relationships: With Member Regulators: Understanding their individual capacity constraints and national priorities.

With SADC Institutions: Working closely with the SADC Secretariat and other bodies to align RERA's work with the broader regional agenda.

With Governments and Utilities: Engaging with national ministries and power utilities to build buy-in for regional regulatory frameworks.

With Development Partners and Investors: Articulating RERA's value to secure technical and financial support for its programs and to create a predictable environment for investment.

Influence without Authority: I cannot dictate to sovereign regulators. Their power lies in influence, using data, best practices, and compelling arguments to persuade member states to voluntarily harmonize their rules and practices.

3. Technical & Regulatory Expertise Credible Authority on Energy Regulation: I must possess a deep, respected command of utility regulation. This includes tariff setting, licensing, grid codes, market design, quality of service standards, and consumer protection. This technical credibility is essential for guiding the work of expert working groups and earning the respect of member regulators.

Knowledge of Energy Economics and Finance: Understanding project finance, power purchase agreements (PPAs), and the economics of different generation technologies is critical. I must guide regulators on how to create frameworks that attract private investment while protecting consumer interests.

Commitment to Capacity Building: A key function of RERA is to strengthen the institutional capacity of its member regulators, many of which may be young or under-resourced. I must champion and oversee effective training programs, knowledge sharing, and peer-topeer learning initiatives.

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4. Organizational & Managerial Leadership Excellent Communication Skills: The ability to communicate complex technical and policy issues clearly and persuasively is paramount. This includes writing high-level reports, delivering presentations at international forums, and communicating RERA's vision to the media and the public.

Resource Mobilization and Management: RERA is likely reliant on member contributions and donor funding. I believe I am a skilled fundraiser and grant-writer, able to build a compelling case for support. I strive towards being a prudent manager of the association's finances and a strong leader for its secretariat staff.

Empowering and Collaborative Leadership Style: The most effective leaders in a consensus-based organization are not autocrats. They build strong teams, delegate effectively, and create an environment where the collective expertise of the member regulators and the secretariat can flourish.

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By focusing on these attributes, I truly believe I can help not just manage RERA but truly lead it as a pivotal force for regional development and energy security in the SADC region.

7. What has been your proudest moment to date leading RERA so far?

I would say the process of the development and the finalization of the RERA Strategic Plan 2025-2029; it gave me a new perspective and alignment where RERA wants to be in the future.

Also, the planning and hosting of the RERA Annual Conference and General Meetings in 2025, it was a very successful event, and it also gave me an opportunity to engage all RERA Stakeholders.

And finally, being able to expand the human resource of RERA by appointing an Executive Assistant as well as a Programme Officer.

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Tenders

Ministry of Industries, Mines and Energy (MIME) - Namibia Description: Expression of Interest (EOI) for the Review of Industrial Policy for the Republic of Namibia and its Implementation Strategy (Sc/Rp/15-15/25/26).

Bid Closing Date: 27 March 2026 at 10h00 https://www.mme.gov.na/files/vacancies/4fe_EOI%20Industrial%20Policy.pdf NamPower Description: Request for Quotation for Replacement of rotten wooden poles with steel poles for the perimeter fences of the Northern Region's NamPower substations.

Bid Closing Date: 02 April 2026 at 10h00 Namibian Time https://www.nampower.com.na/Bid.aspx?id=292393 Description: Consultancy Services for A) Review of Carbon/ Environmental Credit Projects, and B) Registration, Verification and Monetisation of Such Projects.

Bid Closing Date: 17 April 2026 at 10h00 Namibian Time https://www.nampower.com.na/Bid.aspx?id=292389 Namibia Airports Company Description: Supply, Delivery and Installation of 40 kVA UPS Units & Accessories for Eros Airport, Andimba Toivo Ya Toivo Airport & Walvis Bay International Airport.

Bid Closing Date: 02 April 2026 https://www.airports.com.na/procurement/supply-delivery-and-installation-of-40-kva-ups-units-accessories-for-erosairport-andimba-toivo-ya-toivo-airport-walvis-bay-international-airport/436/ Namibia Investment Promotion and Development Board (NIPDB) Description: Development of a Five-Year Impact Report for the Namibia Investment Promotion and Development Board (NIPDB).

Bid Closing Date: 28 April 2026 at 11h00 Namibia Local Time https://www.nipdb.com/_files/ugd/77942a_5fe401e833f6472583deb6ea4e82ed84.pdf

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Press Releases

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

NICOLE FELIX CHIEF DESIGNER (LAYOUT AND DESIGN) @RDJ PUBLISHING

DAVID JARRETT EDITOR IN CHIEF AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER @RDJ GROUP

SILPA KANGHONO COORDINATOR: DIGITAL MARKETING AND EVENTS @RDJ PUBLISHING

LAHJA AMAAMBO CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR @RDJ GROUP

PUBLISHED BY:

GRACE KANGOTUE CHIEF RESEARCHER/ECONOMIST EDITOR @ RDJ CONSULTING

CHILOMBO OLGA PRISCILA CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR @RDJ GROUP

RESEARCH BY:

RENEE JARRETT EXECUTIVE - ADMINISTRATION @RDJ GROUP

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ISSN 2026-9080

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