InFocus Namibia - January 2025

InFocus NAMIBIA JANUARY, 2025

AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Scan Me!

ISSN 2026-9080

2024 HIGHLIGHTS

Planning to do your report?

LET YOUR REPORT COME TO LIFE

We are here to transform your reports with compelling content and visually captivating designs.

Contact us today to discuss how we can support your next project! +264 81 750 3010

info@rdjpublishing.africa

CONTENTS EDITION: JANUARY 2025

4

FROM THE EDITOR

5

QUICK FACTS

6

ECONOMY AT LARGE

16

KEY DATES

17

FUEL PRICES

18

OIL & GAS

23 ENERGY SECTOR 35

WATER

40 THE ENVIRONMENT 42

TRANSPORT & MOBILITY

46 COMMUNICATIONS 49

TENDERS

50 PRESS RELEASES 53

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

From The Editor Celebrating Our Stories!

In this month’s edition, we celebrate our achievements from 2024 by highlighting some of our most impactful work which continues to be instrumental in driving growth within Namibia’s energy sectors.

We thus hope you find this edition informative and encourage you to follow and engage with us on all our social media accounts as we continue to explore and discuss these vital issues.

As always, the conversation infocus@rdjpublishing.africa.

continues

at

Yours, editor@rdjpublishing.africa

Dear Reader, It is January 2025, and welcome to another edition of InFocus Namibia!

A new year wouldn’t be complete without reflecting on the accomplishments of the year gone by. As a publishing house, 2024 has been a remarkable year for us. It is one, we take immense pride in. You may be wondering, what’s all the excitement about?

Well, in April 2024 we introduced a new publication, InFocus Namibia, which was met with optimism and widespread appreciation. As the third addition to our energy and sustainability focused portfolio, InFocus Namibia stands out as a local publication dedicated to reporting on critical matters across various sectors within Namibia. Our aim has always been to promote public awareness through factual and insightful content.

Since its launch, InFocus Namibia has taken a leading role in providing valuable insights and advice on energy and sustainability topics, as well as addressing issues impacting Namibia’s growth and development.

This report is a FREE Publication written and authored through collaboration with RDJ Consulting Services CC based in Windhoek, Namibia.

The content is collected from publicly available information and so its accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

(Grace Kangotue) Deputy Editor

(David A. Jarrett) Editor

NOTE 1: We welcome letters and articles from readers globally and require that you provide your full details such as name, current address and contact phone/WhatsApp number as well as email. We however reserve the right to amend, modify or reject submissions. You may also request that your details be withheld from publication.

NOTE 2: InFocus Namibia is published monthly and is FREE to Readers. The magazine is paid for by advertising and the research support from RDJ Consulting Services CC, Windhoek, Namibia.

RDJ Publishing (Pty) Ltd is the publishing home of the InFocus Namibia, written and authored through the collaboration with RDJ Consulting Services CC (www.rdjconsulting.co.za).

PO Box 23738 Windhoek, NAMIBIA Telephone +264 81 750 3010 Email info@rdjpublishing.africa WEBSITE www.rdjpublishing.africa

RDJ Consulting Services CC is an advisory consultancy to the Energy, Water and Transport Sectors with a focus on sustainable operations and renewable energy.

Quick Facts

N A M I B I A POPULATION 3,022,401.00 SIZE Male

1,474,224.00

33.4% UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (2018)

Female

1,548,177.00

87% LITERACY RATE (15+ YEARS) (2023)

151 359

0.56

7.00

GDP CONSTANT 2015 PRICES (N$ million) (2023)

GINI COEFFICIENT (2023)

REPO RATE (Dec 2024)

3.40

10.75

INFLATION (NCPI) (Dec 2024)

PRIME LENDING RATE (Dec 2024)

632 MW ELECTRICITY DEMAND AT PEAK (2023)

3,856,000 GWh TOTAL ELECTRICITY UNITS SOLD

Local Energy Generation (%)

42%

Energy Imports (%)

58% SOURCE: RDJ CONSULTING SERVICES CC

Economy at Large Free Trade and More...Next Steps for Namibia (March 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Trade and More (Courtesy ai_generated Image By stockgiu)

T

he African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), enacted by the United States of America (U.S.) in 2000, provides a “preference” program for the interaction of African countries with the U.S.. AGOA has as it describes, “rigorous” eligibility requirements which truth be told requires local policy (of African countries) to be ethical and have processes that eliminate barriers to U.S. trade and investment. Africa as a continent is composed of 55 Member States at the time of publication but only 32 countries are eligible as of 2024.

Clear beneficiaries have been South Africa (approx R70 billion) and Nigeria (R68 Billion), with South Africa seeing

06

its exports as finished goods such as vehicles and parts), while Nigeria being mowtly crude oil. This shows that there is room for improvement as value adds seem limited to the apparel sector accounting for less than 10% of all exports.

Namibia is part of the Trade, Investment, and Development Cooperative Agreement (TIDCA) since 2008 and under AGOA, imports from Namibia totaled $249 million in 2022, up 65.6 percent ($99 million) from 2021, and up 8 percent from 2012. Namibia through the Ministry of Industrialisation and Trade has setup the Agoa National Steering Committee to implement the Agoa Utilisation Strategy and Action Plan for Namibia.

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

The country recorded tremendous progress in the implementation of key programmes aimed at contributing to the growth of the economy and job creation during 2023.

The Ministry of Industrialisation and Trade, Minister Lucia Iipumbu leads the charge. These moves include legislative support to facilitate investments and develop exports through improved standards, land transactions, econmic zones and other important areas.

The real question for Namibia is how the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement can be aligned to maximize AGOA and meet Namibian objectives for growth. There is definitely room for growth in value added provisions to maximise opportunities for Namibian entrepreneurs, creating much needed jobs. However, this is a high level look at the problem, so what really needs to occur?

Manufacturing is one area that can both utilise the abundant raw materials that Namibia and Africa possess and provide jobs throughout the full value chain. Alignment of education, gender, economic and trade policies will be crucial to the success. Ms. Charity Mwiya, the Chief Executive Officer for the Namibia Chamber of Commerce

and Industry, also notes that Namibia needs to build the capacity to compete in continental markets.

Renewable Energy could drive this growth, as any productive activity will require large amounts of energy.

While its is also imperative that an energy mix be part of the move but as all other sources currently require imported fuels, renewable energy can provide an added advantage to keep energy costs down. Labour protection will also be needed to align with investor expectations as has laready been flagged by the Trade Union Congress of Namibia (TUCNA) using RAMATEX as a case study.

So Namibia has great opportunity which must not be squandered and as always, the conversation continues infocus@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings: https://au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles2 https://ustr.gov/issue-areas/trade-development/preferenceprograms/african-growth-and-opportunity-act-agoa https://ustr.gov/sites/default/files/AGOA%20Trade%20Fact%20She et_final.pdf https://www.namibian.com.na/industrialisation-ministry-hits-bigmilestones-in-2023/

Courtesy: Getty Images Pro

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

07

Impact of Transport: GDP and Job Creation (June 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Courtesy: RDJ Consulting

T

ransport infrastructure is a cornerstone of economic development, facilitating trade, enhancing productivity, and creating employment

opportunities.

The sector is a crucial component of the country's economy, significantly contributing to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). According to recent data, the sector accounts for approximately 3-4 percent of Namibia's national GDP. This contribution is fuelled by various modes of transport, including road, rail, air, and sea transport.

In addition to its economic contributions, the transport sector is a major employer in Namibia. It provides jobs across multiple sub-sectors, employing around 5 percent of the workforce directly. The sector's interconnected nature with other industries further amplifies its impact on employment, creating numerous indirect job opportunities.

08

Namibia's extensive road network, spanning over 45,000 kilometres, is vital for the movement of goods and people.

Road transport facilitates domestic trade and connects Namibia with its neighbouring countries, enhancing regional commerce. Employment in road transport includes drivers, logistics managers, mechanics, and administrative staff. The growth of the logistics industry, driven by Namibia’s role as a transit hub, has created numerous job opportunities.

Transport infrastructure development has a transformative impact on regional development and trade facilitation. The government’s focus on developing transport corridors, such as the Trans-Kalahari and Trans-Zambezi Corridors, enhances connectivity and promotes regional integration.

The national rail network, managed by TransNamib, covers approximately 2,500 kilometres and plays a crucial role in

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

transporting bulk goods. Rail transport is essential for the mining and agriculture sectors, moving minerals and agricultural products to ports and markets. The expansion and modernization of Namibia's railway equipment and infrastructure are critical for enhancing the country's transport sector. One of the primary focuses of Namibia's railway modernization efforts is the rehabilitation and upgrade of existing rail lines. This includes the rehabilitation of the Windhoek to Walvis Bay railway line, a crucial route that connects the capital city to the major port, enhancing freight transport efficiency.

The Trans-Kalahari Railway is another significant project aimed at enhancing regional connectivity. This proposed railway line will link the coalfields of Botswana to the Port of Walvis Bay in Namibia. The project, a collaborative effort between the governments of Namibia and Botswana, is expected to facilitate the export of coal and other minerals, reducing transportation costs and boosting trade volumes.

These efforts would improve efficiency, safety, and connectivity, supporting economic growth and regional integration. TransNamib employs a substantial number of people in operations, maintenance, and management.

Efforts to revitalize the rail network, through investments and modernization, are expected to create additional jobs and enhance operational efficiency.

The aviation sector, centred around Hosea Kutako International Airport, supports tourism and business travel, linking Namibia to global markets. This connectivity boosts the tourism industry and facilitates international business operations. The aviation sector provides employment in both local, regional and international airlines, airport operations, air traffic control, and ground services. The terminal of Hosea Kutako International Airport (HKIA) has been expanded recently to increase capacity and improve

passenger flow that ultimately support expansion of air services and the development of new routes are likely to create further employment opportunities. (See our article on expanding aviation in this edition on page 24) The Port of Walvis Bay, operated by Namport, serves as a key entry point for imports and exports. Its strategic location on the west coast of Africa positions Namibia as a logistics hub for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The port's activities contribute to the GDP by facilitating international trade. Namport’s operations at Walvis Bay and Lüderitz ports generate employment in cargo handling, port management, and maritime services.

The ongoing expansion and modernization of port facilities are set to create additional jobs through the modernizing of its port facilities, particularly the Port of Walvis Bay, to enhance its role as a key logistics hub in Southern Africa.

While the transport sector offers numerous benefits, it also faces challenges such as infrastructure maintenance, funding constraints, and the need for modernization.

Addressing these challenges requires strategic investments, public-private partnerships, and policy reforms.

The transport sector is integral to Namibia’s economic development, contributing to GDP growth, job creation, and regional integration with investments in modernizing transport infrastructure positioning Namibia as a competitive logistics hub and so as always the conversation continues infocus@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings: https://nsa.org.na https://www.transnamib.com.na https://www.airports.com.na https://www.namport.com.na https://www.mwt.gov.na

Courtesy: namibianresourcesreview.com

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

09

Water: Tariffs in Namibia (July 2024) AUTHOR: Chilombo (Olga) Priscila Economic Researcher & Statistician @ RDJ Consulting

Water Scarcity

Socio-economic factors

Environmental Sustainability

Cost of Supply WATER TARIFFS

Water Tariffs Determinants. Courtesy: RDJ Consulting

I

t is undeniable that water is an essential resource, and its pricing plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable supply and equitable access. In Namibia, a country

characterised by arid conditions and scarce water resources, water tariffs are a crucial aspect of water management. As we dive into different topics surrounding Namibia’s water sector in this Edition of InFocus Namibia, it just makes sense that we seize the opportunity to also bring forth a deeper understanding of water tariff structures in Namibia, particularly for the City of Windhoek.

But before we delve into the tariff issue, it is important to note that the water itself is free in Namibia. However, its extraction, treatment and supply to consumers does come at a cost. As a result, consumers are required to pay a fee related to the cost of the value chain.

Namibia Water Supply In Namibia, the main actors responsible for water supply are the Namibia Water Corporation (NamWater) for bulk water supply; Government institutions such as the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry in the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry (MAWF) for rural water

10

supply; Local and Regional Authorities for water supply, water reticulation and effluent treatment, as well as the private sector including self-suppliers such as the mining sector and commercial farmers.

NamWater for example, is operated on a cost recovery basis; therefore, the Water Utility has to recover money spent in the process of supplying water and the construction of new water infrastructure or schemes and the further maintenance of the same through tariffs. The utility’s primary objective is to supply bulk water to its customers.

These include Municipalities, Commercial entities such as mines, Government institutions, Regional Councils, Town Councils, Village Councils and Industries, with the largest being mines and the City of Windhoek.

Water supply schemes in Namibia are comprised of: Water sources (such as perennial rivers, dams in ephemeral rivers or boreholes); Water treatment facility to ensure its safety for potable use; Water transfer system that conveys movement of water from source to a treatment plant and further to a water distribution point such as a terminal reservoir; and water reticulation systems that convey the water from terminal reservoirs to the water consumer.

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Courtesy: Bigc Studio

According to NamWater, laying a water pipeline for a kilometer can easily cost NAD 5 million. Therefore, the construction of these facilities requires capital investment and so, a fare is charged to consumers to ensure continued fund availability for water supply and management of these systems.

Water Tariffs Structure for Windhoek Due to different geographical, social and economic contexts, there are diverse water pricing systems and thus different water tariffs across countries and regions. The dominant water tariffs are volumetric tariffs, in which water is metered. This is the case of Windhoek.

Water tariffs in Windhoek are structured on a tiered basis, which is aimed at cost recovery, promoting water conservation and ensuring that essential water needs are affordable. The tiered pricing structure is designed to reflect the increasing marginal cost of water provision and to incentivize consumers to use water more efficiently. The tariff system includes a basic and consumption charges.

Each is discussed below. a) A Basic Charge is a fixed monthly fee that all customers pay regardless of their water consumption, to cover the costs associated with maintaining the water infrastructure. b) A Consumption Charge is a variable charge based on the volume of water consumed. For the financial year 2023/2024, the City of Windhoek issued tariffs for domestic use under normal water supply conditions for its residents under Category A&B as follows: For the first 6 kilolitres (k ℓ ), meaning 0 - 6k ℓ consumed per month (or 0 - 0.200 k ℓ per day equivalent), a rate of N$ 24.41 is charged per k ℓ . This block is intended to cover essential water needs at a relatively affordable rate.

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

For consumption ranging between 6 - 30 k ℓ per month (0.201 - 1.00 k ℓ per day equivalent), a rate of N$ 37.83 per kℓ is charged. This tier targets moderate usage.

As for those consuming between 30 - 50 k ℓ per month (1.001 kℓ - 1.67 kℓ per day equivalent), a rate of N$ 75.67 per k ℓ is charged. This tier also targets moderate usage especially for large-sized households.

Water consumption exceeding 50 k ℓ per month (> 1.671 k ℓ per day equivalent), a rate of N$ 151.32 per k ℓ is charged. This higher rate is intended to discourage excessive water use.

Note: 1 kilolitres (k ℓ ) = 1 cubic meters (m³) or 1 000 litres of water.

Each of these tariffs are equivalent to that of domestic use for conditions namely: water scarcity, severe scarcity and water crisis for its residents under Category C, D and E, respectively.

Factors Influencing Charges/Tariffs Other than just knowing the water tariff structure, it is necessary to understand that there are external factors that impact these costs, particularly within the City of Windhoek.

These are mainly: Cost of Supply: The actual cost incurred in sourcing, treating, and delivering water to consumers. This includes operational costs, maintenance of infrastructure, and investment in new technologies.

According to NamWater, one of the biggest challenges it faces is the fact that many people do not live where water is found. Hence, the water utility has to construct and lay down pipelines covering long distances in order to take water to where people live, and this is a costly exercise.

11

Water Scarcity: Windhoek is located in an arid region, and water is not always available in. Tariffs are therefore set to reflect the scarcity and promote efficient use of water resources.

Socio-Economic Considerations: Tariff structures are designed to be equitable, ensuring that basic water needs are affordable for all segments of the population, particularly low-income households.

Environmental Sustainability: To encourage sustainable water usage, tariffs are often structured to penalize excessive use, thereby promoting conservation.

Significance of Water Tariffs Water tariffs are critical in any economy. They serve to raise revenues to cover all or part of costs of supply, ensure access across socioeconomic groups, send price signals to users about the relationship between water use and water scarcity, and ensure fairness in water service delivery. And so, understanding water tariff pricing in Windhoek is essential for appreciating the City's efforts to manage its limited water resources sustainably and equitably. With a total supply of 100 million m³ of water annually to other distributors and customers across the country, NamWater boasts of achieving a milestone of 85% access to clean water for the country’s population. The tiered tariff

structure, influenced by the cost of supply, water scarcity, socio-economic factors, and environmental considerations, therefore aims to balance affordability with the need to promote efficient water use.

What next?

While water tariffs in Windhoek remain a vital tool for managing water resources efficiently and equitably, there is also a need to ensure that tariffs remain affordable for all socio-economic groups, especially in times of economic hardship. By addressing similar issues, Windhoek can ensure the sustainable provision of water for all its residents while encouraging conservation and supporting long-term urban development.

The conversation continues at infocus@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings: http://documents.windhoekcc.org.na/Content/Documents/City%20of %20Windhoek%20Water%20Tariff%20Guide.pdf https://www.namwater.com.na/index.php/about-us https://061.sharepoint.com/sites/PublicRelations/Shared%20Docume nts/Forms/AllItems.aspx? id=%2Fsites%2FPublicRelations%2FShared%20Documents%2FTariffs &p=true&ga=1 https://wocatpedia.net/wiki/Water_price#Water_Tariffs https://www.thinknamibia.org.na/news/the-cost-of-water

Tariff per kℓ (in N$) N$ 200.00 N$ 151.32

N$ 150.00 N$ 75.67

N$ 100.00 N$ 50.00 N$ 0.00

N$ 37.83 N$ 24.41

0-6 kℓ

6-30 kℓ

30-50 kℓ

>50 kℓ

2023/2024 monthly water consumption charges per volume/consumption brackets for domestic use under normal water supply conditions for Category A&B. Data sourced from by the City of Windhoek.

Courtesy: RDJ Consulting

12

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

ISSN 2026-9080

Are you looking to reach a wider audience and increase your brand visibility?

Advertise with us and take your business to the next level!

Contact us today to learn more about our advertising options and packages! +264 817503010

info@publishing.africa

Artificial Intelligence: The next frontier (October 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Courtesy: Canva

E

nhancing operational efficiency and significantly improving decision-making can be achieved through the analysis of large data sets. This approach not

only fosters the development of innovative products and services but also creates new markets and industries, ultimately driving consumer demand and generating additional revenue streams.

By 2050, the integration of AI across various sectors could yield substantial benefits, enhancing productivity, driving revenue growth, and improving overall economic stability.

Namibia’s Economic Impact by 2050 Total Estimated Economic Benefit: N$6.4 billion annually across sectors Overall GDP Contribution: Potentially increasing GDP by approximately +3% to +5%

14

Varied industries and sectors can benefit from Artificial Intelligence (AI), ranging from agriculture related to crop yields through irrigation control, manufacturing with just in time planning and monitoring maintenance needs, as well as customer service experiences. The latter is generally achieved through USSD codes or algorithms that analyse purchasing patterns. Advanced technologies such as AI can be used to predict and analyse heat waves, heavy rainfall, floods, tropical cyclones and prolonged droughts and to mitigate and establish a robust adaptive capacity to the risks to the economy and society.

Namibia needs to diversify its economy, traditionally reliant on mining and agriculture. The integration of AI technology could accelerate this diversification. Sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and tourism are poised to benefit significantly from AI applications, offering a pathway to boost productivity and competitiveness.

For example, the healthcare sector in Namibia faces numerous challenges, particularly in rural areas. AI applications, including telemedicine and diagnostic tools,

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

can enhance access to quality healthcare. By enabling quicker and more accurate diagnoses, AI could lead to better health outcomes and reduced costs, making healthcare more efficient and accessible.

Despite these promising prospects, the adoption of AI in Namibia is not without challenges. Sadly, the opposite is also true whereby AI can actually enhance threats in all forms and shapes, leading to unimaginable threats such as cybersecurity leading to data disruption, “phishing”, privacy breaches and impersonation.

A significant barrier is the current digital divide, with many rural areas lacking reliable internet access and digital literacy. To fully realize the economic benefits of AI, it is essential to invest in infrastructure and education.

Government initiatives aimed at improving internet connectivity and promoting digital skills training will be crucial in ensuring that all Namibians can participate in this technological shift.

Furthermore, as Namibia embraces AI, it must also consider the implications for its workforce. While AI can create new jobs and opportunities, it may also lead to displacement in certain sectors. Policymakers will need to implement strategies that focus on upskilling and reskilling the workforce, ensuring that workers are equipped to thrive in an AI-driven economy.

In 2022, UNESCO convened a Southern African sub-regional forum on Artificial Intelligence, attended by seven Southern African countries, which agreed to the Windhoek Statement on AI in Southern Africa Region, which recommends actions on data, education and governance across the region.

UNESCO has also developed two methodologies to help countries implement the Recommendations on the Ethics of AI: the Readiness Assessment Methodology (RAM), which assesses a country’s readiness for an ethical AI ecosystem in line with the UNESCO Ethics Recommendation, and the Ethical Impact Assessment,10 which helps project teams assess the potential ethical impacts of the AI systems they are developing.

Therefore, it is important for Namibia to get ahead of the “curve”. Namibia is steadily positioning itself to take full advantage of the technological innovations presented by AI to advance the national development agenda.

“Many technologies are developed outside with a limited knowledge of our cultures, languages and indigenous knowledge and it is therefore imperative that the guiding principles must be in tune with our local governing laws”.

-Dr. Alfred Van Kent, the Executive Director of Ministry of Higher Education, Training and Innovation

Readings: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/namibia-sets-roadmapdevelop-ai-responsibly-and-ethically https://african.business/2021/03/energy-resources/the-very-realbenefits-of-ai-in-africa https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000383197 https://www.unesco.org/ethics-ai/en/ram https://au.int/sites/default/files/documents/44004-doc-EN_Continental_AI_Strategy_July_2024.pdf

Courtesy: https://www.neilsahota.com/ai-and-workforce-how-ai-is-changing-jobs-and-careers/

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

15

Key Dates SOURCE: RDJ CONSULTING SERVICES CC

Bank of Namibia: Monetary Policy Announcement

7.00%

Monetary Policy Announcement - December

repo rate

Namibia Statistics Agency: Consumer Price Index - CPI 2024 Announcement

3.40%

Annual Inflation Rate - December 2024

Inflation rate

Monthly Inflation Rate 2024 6.00%

5.00 %

5.40% 5.00% 4.50%

4.80%

4.90% 4.60%

4.60%

4.40%

4.00 %

3.40% 3.00 %

3.40% 3.00%

3.00%

Oct-24

Nov-24

2.00 %

1.00 %

0.00%

Jan-24

16

Feb-24

Mar-24

Apr-24

May-24

Jun-24

Jul-24

Aug-24

Sep-24

www.rdjpublishing.africa

Dec-24

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Fuel Prices January 2025 Fuel Prices Update

NAMIBIA

SOUTH AFRICA

ANGOLA

NIGERIA

BOTSWANA

Petrol

Diesel

Effective as of 13 January 2025

Effective as of 13 January 2025

N$ 20.25/ US$ 1.06

N$ 19.72/ US$ 1.04

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

Effective as of 13 January 2025

Effective as of 13 January 2025

R 21.20/ US$ 1.12

R 21.89/ US$ 1.16

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

Effective as of 13 January 2025

Effective as of 13 January 2025

Kz 300.00/ US$ 0.32

Kz 200.00/ US$ 0.21

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

Effective as of 13 January 2025

Effective as of 13 January 2025

₦ 1,184.83/ US$ 0.76

₦ 1,441.28/ US$ 0.92

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

Effective as of 13 January 2025

Effective as of 13 January 2025

P 14.75/

US$ 1.04

P 14.94/ US$ 1.06

per litre Petrol Unleaded 95

per litre Diesel 50ppm

The US$ equivalent refers to current exchange rates (January 2025) Data Source: www.mme.gov.na, theglobaleconomy.com

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

17

Oil & Gas Alternative Fuels: Working with Oil and Gas (April 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Electric Bus Courtesy:go-ahead.com

T

his month, we are stimulated by an interesting article covering the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Secretary General, H.E.

Haitham Al Ghais, who looked at what would happen if oil disappeared tomorrow. His excellency went on to point out the failings in life as we know it because we in essence couldn’t move (all transportation), heat (warmth or cooking) or cool (refrigeration or air conditioning) or do anything! For me the importance or might I say the reliance on oil was bluntly made.

Namibia has now secured a front seat in this matter and so much so that the Head of TotalEnergiesNamibia, Laurent Roche has asked “When will Namibia see oil funds”? This because, the buzz looking for the benefits of being an oil producer brings hope. Since 2022, entities such as our national oil company, NAMCOR along with TotalEnergiesNamibia, Sintana Energy Inc., Galp, QatarEnergy and others spending billions of Namibian Dollars, hoping to land up to 11 billion barrels of oil.

I agree, it would be catastrophic but there is a “what if”.

What if we had removed the supremo prominence and over reliance of oil and gas by starting to integrate alternative fuel sources before such a “D-Day”?

18

Here are Namibia’s options Electricity Namibia has abundant solar and wind resources that are already commercial. NamPower get 9% of its overall energy from IPP provided renewable energy sources and when only local production of electricity is considered, some 95% of the electricity produced is from sustainable energy sources. This means that an expansion of locally produced electricity from sustainable means to meet public transport needs and even private mobility. As pointed out by others, electric public transit options exist.

The majority of Windhoek’s low income population move via public transport be it via the City owned buses or via the “door to door” taxis which by the way are estimated to be around 7 000 cars. While no detailed data exists for both public transport types, the City buses do some 900 000 km per annum equating to approximately 190 000 litres of diesel fuel (N$ 4 000 000) which could be reduced to N$ 2 400 000. A similar impact could be seen for taxi operations, giving room for repayment of investments in EV’s.

Nuclear energy is also another option but as pointed out in our sister publication, Energy and Sustainability Africa

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

(March 2024), the choice will really depend on effective energy planning aligned with economic realities and aspiration. Nuclear power is not new in Africa as the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station in South Africa at 2 GW demonstrates, having been in operation since 1984/85, taking around 8 years for construction.

Cleanergy Solutions Namibia project will look at refuelling for both marine and rail applications. Their project will facilitate a Hydrogen Academy that Cleanergy Solutions Namibia indicates on their website will be established to educate and train local individuals on hydrogen technology and its wide-ranging applications.

As with all industries, the need for regulatory support and action is also, and even more so present in the nuclear industry. One of the bodies set up to deal with this is the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) who identifies the setting up of a nuclear programme as a “major undertaking” involving up to 15 years and a 100-year commitment.

The impact therefore of these alternatives, will ultimately once materialised help provide inflation stabilisation, opportunities for local content and create export opportunities that extend the “life” of OIL while definitely improving the options of energy provision for the Namibian economy and beyond.

Hydrogen Here, Namibia has also stated its desire to be a major player for hydrogen production leading to export, with amongst other such as the Namibian Green Hydrogen Programme (NGH2P), spearheaded by the Mines and Energy Ministry (MME). This push and ambition has not gone un-noticed and Namibia has been invited to join the International Hydrogen Trade Forum (IHTF).

A few major projects already exist and are being developed

by Hyphen Hydrogen Energy who have secured support from the Development Bank of Southern Africa as well as collaboration with Japan’s ITOCHU Corporation. HDF (Hydrogène De France) via its HDF Energy Namiba and its Renewstable project for Swakopmund, will allow ondemand dispatchable energy, providing another source of electricity production for Namibia.

Let me summate by saying, whatever amount of oil and gas we have (as it is a finite resource) cannot be hurt by using other sustainable resources when possible and allowing our oil and gas resources to go further. As always, the conversation continues infocus@rdjpublishing.africa [Editor’s note that calculations are estimates and a full review would be needed and so these numbers are indicators and not exact figures]

Readings: https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/totalenergies-increasesits-stakes-oil-blocks-offshore-namibia-2024-01-10/ https://newsroom.go-ahead.com/resources/f/bus/electric-buses https://www.namibian.com.na/totalenergies-commits-n57btonamibian-oil-sector/ https://www.ecooilandgas.com/namibia-sees-11-billion-barrels-inoffshore-oil-reserves/ https://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/7308.htm https://www.urbansdk.com/blog/electric-buses-public-transit https://www.renewstable-swakopmund.com/

Futuristic Ammonia Powered Ship. Courtesy: CMB Tech

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

19

Oil: The dilemma, Environment vs Economy (December 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

A

s our country continues to currently be dependent on energy imports (electricity and oil/gas products) and reeling from a long drought and current heat

waves, the ongoing discourse around fossil fuels and renewables is picking up pace. For example, the oil and gas exploration in Namibia is of significant public interest, making it a compelling topic for discussions, debates, and research. Namibia has recently (since 2022) discovered significant oil and gas reserves, estimated at around 11 billion barrels of oil and some 2.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. The oil and gas sector can therefore drive economic growth, create jobs, and attract foreign investment.

20

Added to this, Namibia has significant renewable energy resources, particularly in solar and wind energy. Namibia's renewable energy potential is a key component of its strategy to become a regional energy hub and reduce dependence on imported energy. With some of the highest direct normal irradiation (DNI) levels in the world, exceeding 3 MWh/m² per year. Thus, an area equivalent to 1000 m² can produce 3 GWh per annum on average. Also, substantial wind resources, especially in coastal areas andthe southern region such as Luderitz and Oranjemund.

These renewable energy resources have created the needed catalyst for green hydrogen production which we know has promised large job numbers and transformation of local communities.

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

These discoveries have the potential to transform the country's economy and Namibia can therefore learn some valuable lessons from countries that have successfully managed their oil and gas resources while balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.

Balancing economic growth with environmental protection is a critical challenge. In fairness, Namibia has been implementing various environmental policies and measures to ensure sustainable development and economic development in parallel. The government's role in regulating the oil and gas industry, promoting local content, and ensuring environmental protection is therefore crucial.

As we grapple with global increase in temperatures, Namibia is one of the most hard-hit countries by the impacts of climate change. We are deeply anxious about the variable climatic patterns mainly floods and drought, and dependency on natural resources that exacerbate our vulnerabilities to climate change impacts.

Hon. Pohamba Shifeta Minister of Environment, Forestry and Tourism at High-Level Ministerial Roundtable on pre-2030 Ambition 18 Nov 2024

Controversy and Perspectives Debates around the best ways to manage resources, balance economic benefits with environmental protection, and learn from the experiences of other countries are essential. A panel discussion during the Angola Oil & Gas (AOG 2024) strategic track shared insight into the country’s emerging role as a regional gas hub. Titled “Beyond Oil: Angola’s Rise as a Gas Powerhouse”, the discussion explored the country’s shift from an oil driven to a gas driven economy. This shows that not only is this discussion topical but in need of exploration.

Angola has taken steps to improve transparency and accountability in its oil and gas sector, including the establishment of the National Oil, Gas & Biofuels Agency (ANPG). Angola is the second largest oil producer in Africa, after Nigeria and has been working on diversifying its economy to reduce its dependence on oil and gas revenues.

This includes investments in sectors such as agriculture, fisheries, and renewable energy. Angola is investing in renewable energy projects, including solar and wind power, to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. Namibia can adopt a similar approach to ensure economic stability and reduce vulnerability to oil price fluctuations.

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

Norway established a state equity in petroleum activities, ensuring that oil wealth benefits the entire population. The Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG), now the largest sovereign wealth fund in the world, was created to manage oil revenues sustainably. Similarly, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has successfully integrated the exploration of oil and gas with the development of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. The UAE continues to invest in renewable energy projects, leveraging its oil wealth to drive economic growth while transitioning to a more sustainable energy mix.

Nigeria, despite being one of the largest oil producers in Africa, has faced challenges such as corruption, environmental degradation, and social unrest. Namibia can learn from Nigeria's experiences to avoid the "resource curse" and ensure that oil wealth is used for national development.

Ghana has established a robust regulatory framework for its oil and gas sector, ensuring transparency and accountability. The Petroleum Revenue Management Act (PRMA) ensures that oil revenues are managed transparently and used for national development, and the PRMA established the Petroleum Holding Fund (PHF) at the Bank of Ghana to receive and disburse petroleum revenues.

The PRMA prohibits the use of petroleum revenues for purposes outside of national development priorities. This includes prohibitions on using the funds for debt repayment, subsidies, or other non-developmental expenditures. The Ministry of Finance is required to submit annual reports to Parliament on the management of petroleum revenues. These reports are also made available to the public.

As a result, there are several leading practice actions and examples available to Namibia, to craft a sustainable future for all citizens, As always, the conversation continues and we welcome feedback editor@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings: Statement by Pohamba Shifeta, Minister of Environment, Forestry and Tourism at High-Level Ministerial Roundtable on pre-2030 Ambition https://energycentral.com/c/cp/namibia-energy-importerrenewable-superpower-%E2%80%94-vision-future https://www.africa.com/angola-oil-gas-aog-2024-to-solidifyangolas-position-as-an-emerging-gas-powerhouse https://apo-opa.co/4dTAlmt https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/864671554294508064 /pdf/Opportunities-to-Diversify-the-National-Economy-GenerateIncome-for-Local-Communities-Enhance-EnvironmentalManagement-Capacity-and-Build-Resilience-to-Climate-Change.pdf https://energycapitalpower.com/major-energy-developments-towatch-in-angola-in-2025 https://lawsghana.com/post_1992_legislation/1/Acts%20of%20Parli ament/PETROLEUM%20REVENUE%20MANAGEMENT%20ACT%202011% 20%28ACT%20815%29/plain_view/203

21

30 YEARS OF MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN THE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RELATED SECTORS! As RDJ Consulting we pride ourselves as specialised consultants who provide advisory services, market data and studies, due diligence and offer world class training within our core business area. Collaboration forms an intergral part in what we do as for this year, we are making it that a priority.

OUR FOOTPRINT Asia Britain Caribbean Southern Africa USA Our innovative strategies are baked daily at 40 Copper Street, Prosperita, Windhoek, Namibia.

Contact us today to discover how our unique services add value to your business!

+264 81 750 3002 info@rdjconsulting.co.za www.rdjconsulting.co.za

Energy Sector Namibia Solar Energy Production Solar energy is abundant in Namibia.

In 2025, we present targetted sites with 100 MWp of solar photovoltaic (solar panels) if they were installed.

What these graphs teach us is the quantity and pattern of production that can be expected if such a plant existed.

Modelled Production Possibility Arandis Area https://globalsolaratlas.info/map?s=-22.147914,14.806395,10&pv=ground,0,26,100000 20 000 000kWh

15 000 000kWh

10 000 000kWh

5 000 000kWh

SOURCE: RDJ CONSULTING SERVICES CC

be r

r

ec em

be

D

er

ov em

N

ct ob O

be

r

t pt em

us Se

A ug

ly Ju

ne Ju

M ay

pr il A

ar ch M

ry br ua

Fe

Ja

nu

ar

y

0kWh

Is Renewable Energy Misunderstood?

(March 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Energy future Courtesy: Image by WangXiNa on Freepik

S

o, we constantly are introduced to articles and news reports stating how renewables can provide much of the mitigation needed in the energy sector. Reminded

how plentiful renewable energy sources are such as these resources being everywhere, with the natural replenishment occurring faster than with fossil fuels and much “cleaner”, the push for renewables is understood.

The drive for use of renewables surrounds reduction of global warming, improve public health (cleaner water and air for example) and the ultimate benefit from inexhaustible energy and allied jobs. Fossil fuels also provide myriads of jobs but are exhaustible and “polluting”. This “rationale” for renewables goes further in the electricity sector, extolling the speed at which new generation can be installed so displacing existing fossil fuelled plants and the energy security they provide.

24

Here lies the dilemma.

Renewable energies, such as wind, solar and wave/tidal are costly due to the all-in cost required upfront, will provide intermittent energy and so must be modelled onto a power system and in most cases require balancing from other sources. Balancing is described as “stabilising the grid”.

This balancing is needed to provide grid effectiveness so that the generated energies aligned with demand profiles.

In some quarters, balancing is also referred to as system balancing.

Further complicating all this is the needed infrastructure (such as step-up transformers, sub-stations and the holygrail, transmission lines) that provides interconnection of what are usually in need of upgrades for the added capacity or remotely located. The remoteness is therefore a blessing

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

and a curse. Namibia is a clear example of this blessing and curse, as it has wide open areas suitable for both wind and solar technologies, but the challenges and opportunities remain the same.

Dilemma, what dilemma?

Namibia has a balancing framework which the Electricity Control Board (ECB) of Namibia with balancing described as: the real time adjustment of supply and or demand to ensure the security and reliability of the electric system.

The ECB goes on to point out that in Namibia, NamPower is responsible for balancing, and this will be carried out under least-cost principles. NamPower has the responsibility therefore to acquire the balancing energy as well as determine the cost of the energy and times. Amongst the options for NamPower, is the use of battery energy storage (BESS) to help mitigate renewable energy variability and for arbitrage related to “banking” of cheaper energy when available. A good example of cheaper energy is the Khan project that has a base tariff of N$ 0.49 per kWh at time of signing its Power Purchase Agreement (PPA).

The Benefits

Taking into account the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis done by NamPower, BESS offers several opportunities that can enhance the need and use of renewables such as deferred transmission investments, leading to reduced tariffs and increased carbon dioxide emissions. It proves therefore that the use of renewables must at all times be fully understood. Make no mistake, this applies to all areas of the power system and its inputs or outcomes.

Summarized, once renewables are better understood, the energy mix can be enhanced to become more secure, cleaner and reliant. As always, the conversation continues infocus@rdjpublishing.africa.

Readings: https://sustainablereview.com/challenges-in-renewable-energy/ https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-renewable-energy https://www.nampower.com.na/public/docs/projects/BESS/BESS_ PFS_Project%20Fact%20Sheet_12Dec23_v1.1.pdf https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/benefits-renewable-energy-use https://www.bmwkenergiewende.de/EWD/Redaktion/EN/Newsletter/2017/12/Meldung /direkt-account.html https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/raisingambition/renewable-energy https://www.ecb.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2003-ECBBalancing-Framework-v0.2docx-Final.pdf https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/03/renewable-energymyths-debunked/

Transmission networks Courtesy:RDJ Consulting/RDJ Publishing

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

25

Nuclear Now or Later?

(May 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Uranium Pricing - Jan 2020 to Mar 2024.

T

Courtesy: Statista 2024

he import of electricity and its perpetual presence and magnitude as part of Namibia’s consumption profile is making room for various options to plug

that gap. Further added is the ambition of many to see the country reverse the import trend and make the country a net exporter. As pointed out in InFocus Namibia (March 2024), Namibia needs increased generation of an effective capacity of some 450 MW of mixed technologies for local demand with 220 MW already committed under the NamPower 2019 – 2023 Strategic Plan and several more MW’s under the Modified single-buyer (MSB) profile and South Africa is seeking to ramp up local generation in excess of 10 000 MW. On the other hand, Namibia is an exporter of energy in the form of uranium yellow cake, contributing some N$ 4.7 26

billion to GDP in 2023. Based on figures from a Chamber of Mines piece, Namibia exports around 2 000 tonnes of Uranium that would equate to approximately 88 TWh or 22 years of Namibia’s current electricity demand. Examining the Uranium industry, the Bank of Namibia in its March 2024 Economic Outlook, is expected to grow by 3.6 percent, down from a growth of 24.5 percent in 2023. The poor growth rate for 2024 is suggested to occur based on poor water availability although prices are improving.

Water shortages due to droughts are nothing new for the country and as they increase in intensity due to climate changes, the matter will require more long-term approaches.

InFocus Namibia has pointed out the approaches to obtaining nuclear energy before are onerous and have a long-time based pathway for realisation. The

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Namibian government has been at pains when asked why are we not pursuing nuclear energy (electricity) to point out that nuclear power is considered a ‘long-term” option and could be a part of the energy mix going forward. In the same vein, it has also been noted by the Minister of Mines and Energy (Hon. Tom Alweendo) to be a long process even if a decision was to be made today.

So what would it take?

In the pursuit of solutions, the question of whether to adopt nuclear power remains a significant consideration.

Recognizing the complexity and long-term implications of such a decision, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) offers guidance through its "Milestones Approach."

This strategic framework, encompassing three distinct phases, towards informed choices regarding nuclear energy implementation.

Why Nuclear: This initial phase focuses on clarifying the rationale behind considering nuclear energy as a viable option. Namibia needs to evaluate their energy needs, environmental concerns, and strategic objectives to ascertain whether nuclear power aligns with their long-term development plans.

Preparation (What and How): In the preparation phase, countries delve into the practical aspects of initiating a nuclear program. This requires painstaking planning, regulatory framework establishment, infrastructure development, and human resource capacity building. The emphasis is on laying a solid foundation for safe, secure, and sustainable nuclear energy utilization.

Build/Operation Phase: The culmination of the Milestones Approach involves the actual construction and operation of nuclear facilities. This phase demands stringent adherence to established safety protocols, ongoing regulatory oversight, and proactive engagement with stakeholders to ensure transparency and accountability throughout the lifecycle of nuclear power generation.

Embarking on a nuclear program is no small endeavor as it requires substantial time, resources, and commitment.

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

According to the IAEA, the setup of a nuclear program can span up to 15 years, with a subsequent operational lifespan extending over a century. Such a significant undertaking underscores the need for careful consideration and strategic planning to mitigate risks and maximize benefits.

Crucial to the success of any nuclear initiative is the alignment of interests among stakeholders and the judicious allocation of financial resources. The decision to pursue nuclear power must factor in the diverse needs and concerns of the various stakeholders, ranging from policymakers and industry players to the general public and environmental advocates.

Moreover, the financial feasibility of a nuclear program hinges on prudent investment strategies, cost-benefit analyses, and long-term budgetary planning. This latter factor is crucial.

Fifth-Generation (5th Gen) Systems Looking ahead, the current evolution of nuclear technology holds promise for enhanced safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Fifth-generation (5th Gen) nuclear systems, are currently in the Research and Development (R&D) phase, represent the next frontier in nuclear energy innovation. With prototypes projected by 2029 and commercial production anticipated by 2034, these advanced reactors offer potential solutions to existing challenges.

Awareness of what Namibia’s options are, will require InFocus Namibia to take the reader on a journey and this will take place monthly so watch this space!

Readings: https://www.bon.com.na/CMSTemplates/Bon/Files/bon.com.na/fe/fe 37f31d-b0ea-46c8-aa25-ced752f1329d.pdf https://www.namibiansun.com/local-news/nuclear-energy-a-longterm-consideration-alweendo-says2023-12-19 https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/NAM/year/20 19/tradeflow/Exports/partner/ALL/product/261210# https://chamberofmines.org.na/blog-post/rise-of-uranium-andpotential-for-namibian-economy/ https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuelcycle/introduction/nuclear-fuel-cycle-overview

27

Energy and Gender Why is Gender a Matter of Concern?

(August 2024) AUTHOR: Lahja Amaambo Specialist and Policy Analyst– Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency

Courtesy: Freepik

G

ender equality has been spoken about for quite sometimes, as a matter of concern, locally, regionally and globally. This is because Gender is

an aspect of cross-cutting nature that policymakers now call for mainstreaming it in various key sectors of the economy.

sectors and other stakeholders for planning, implementing and monitoring gender equality strategies and programmes to ensure that these would facilitate gender equality and women’s empowerment.

Main issues related to energy and gender are those surrounding: access to electricity; access to clean cooking; women bearing the greatest burden of the energy poverty— which is their unpaid time and labour that is goes into gathering biomass fuels for cooking; collecting water or manually process grains and other foods; also household air pollution, coming from burning fuels such as wood, animal waste and charcoal.

To ensure equitable access to economic resources and opportunities, as well as social justice for both women and men, the Namibia‘s National Gender Policy 2010-2020, advocates for: enabling environment for sectors to mainstream gender in line with National Development Plans directives. all stakeholders identified in the implementation framework to support and contribute towards the implementation of the National Gender Policy through organisational structures and policies, and to avail the required resources within their programmes for effective implementation of this National Policy asking.

For Namibia, the overarching goal of it’s National Gender Policy (2010 – 2020) is to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of both female and male persons in Namibia.

This framework provides mechanisms and guidelines for all

The National Energy Policy 2017, incorporated gender aspects under a theme “mainstreaming gender, youth and people with disabilities”. The concerned aspects are: Predominance of women involved in the collection and

28

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

use of fuel-wood disadvantages them in terms of economic opportunities and exposes them to increased health risks Limited involvement of women, youth, and persons with disabilities in the planning, management, and delivery of energy services Government’s gender balance aspirations in the energy sector have, as yet, not been met limited ability of specific groups of people to access and afford modern and clean energy affects their opportunity to meaningfully participate in the economy.

The question is how far are those policy issues implemented by key energy stakeholders, and what transformation is achieved, and not just by increasing the number of women, youth and people with disabilities in the energy sector?

The Southern African Development Community, SADC Gender and Development Monitor 2022, on Women in Politics and Decision making, tracking the progress on implementation of the revised SADC Protocol on Gender and Development (aligned to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, and the AU Agenda 2063), data shows that women are under-represented at all levels of decision-making in the region, and achieving gender parity in political life is far off. That this is attributed to the type of electoral system used by Member States which has a crucial impact on women’s political representation and participation.

The SACREEE 2018 report shows that, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2016, some 174,561 deaths in the SADC region were attributable to household air pollution, primarily because of cooking and heating with solid fuels.

This report also indicates that biomass is by far the major source of primary energy in most SADC Member States, traditional biomass accounting for 44% of the region’s final energy consumption as of mid-2018, excluding bagasse for

boilers in the sugar industry. The greatest amount of biomass energy is used for cooking, in both homes and some institutions (for example, schools, offices and retail premises, particularly in rural areas). Programmes introduced for alternatives fuels as well as for energy efficient stoves had not much real impacted on the biomass use either could be due to failure of projects or maybe due to unknown causes.

Gender equality and women’s empowerment are prerequisites for achieving UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals and other global goals. The Sustainable Development Goals seek to change the course of the twenty-first century, addressing key challenges such as eradicating poverty and hunger, eliminating inequalities and violence against women and girls and combating climate change.

A five-year research programme on gender and energy (2014-2019), coordinated by International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy also called ENERGIA, explored gender, energy and poverty linkages in six thematic areas: electrification, productive uses of energy, energy sector reform, the role of the private sector in scaling up energy access; the political economy of energy sector policies, and; women’s energy entrepreneurship. Key findings of this research are: Universal energy access targets are unlikely to be met unless energy policies are aligned to women’s as well as men’s energy needs, their assets, skills, limitations and capabilities, and existing gender norms; Involvement of women in energy-system supply chains is good for women and their families, and it is good for business; Modern energy services for women's productive uses contribute to women's empowerment; and End-use appliances that deliver modern energy services to reduce drudgery and save time can transform gender roles and relations.

Courtesy: Canva

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

29

The research recommendations are to: Engage both women and men in the design, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of energy policies and programmes to enable gender equitable outcomes; Support women's involvement in energy-system value chains and employment, both by overcoming gender barriers and through equal opportunity strategies; Multiply social and economic impacts of energy access by targeting women's productive use; Increase poor women's ability to afford energy services through innovative financial mechanisms and by improving the enabling environment for women; Improve reliability, convenience, and quality of energy supply to increase both women's and men's access to and use of energy services; and Support women's role in energy decision-making at household, organisational, and policy levels.

Women are now seen becoming part of the solution in expanding energy access, freeing up their traditional role as user and beneficiaries of energy. Also, and according to the UNIDO and UN Women, 2019 guidance note, Gender equality in the sustainable energy transition, provides an overview of key and emerging issues in the gender and energy nexus, and indicates that: Gender equality is key in the transition to sustainable energy and ensuring universal energy access.

The sustainable energy transition can create benefits and opportunities for both women and men.

Women-led initiatives and projects are successful in the new energy space, especially sustainable energy solutions at the community level. Women are also increasingly active in the energy workforce and as entrepreneurs in SMEs, contributing to economic growth and industrial development.

The dialogue on gender and energy has clearly shifted from women being identified as a vulnerable group to their recognition as key agents of change as consumers, producers, 30

innovators, and decision makers across the energy sector That those are illustrated by research findings and case studies.

Accordingly, there is evidence globally that the landscape on gender and energy has blossomed over the past decade.

Effective integration of gender dimensions is crucial for the achievement of all the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 7 to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.

So are the key actions then will surround planning, implementing gender equality strategies and programmes as well as implementing much needed capacity-building.

This will include partnerships with local stakeholders, expanding women’s access to finance and building a conducive enabling environment for women entrepreneurs.

For effective understanding there is a need for organizing regular monitoring and evaluation of programmes and projects for policy implementation, and record accurate data for achieving our national Vision, development plans, and SDGs. As always, the conversation continues infocus@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/17489P B12.pdf; https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/unido-publications/202311/UNW_UNIDO_Gender_Equality_in_the_Sustainable_Energy_Trans ition_GuidanceN....pdf https://www.energia.org/assets/2019/04/Gender-in-the-transitionto-sustainable-energy-for-all_-From-evidence-to-inclusivepolicies_FINAL.pdf https://sadcenergy.sardc.net/attachments/article/275/Mainstreaming_Gender_i n_Energy_Policy_Brief_.pdf https://www.sacreee.org/index.php/resource/sadc-2018-renewableenergy-and-energy-efficiency-status-report https://1325naps.peacewomen.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/12/namibia_gender_2010-2020_en.pdf; https://www.mme.gov.na/files/publications/fd8_National%20Energy %20Policy%20-%20July%202017.pdf

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Energy Skills Roadmap: Is it time?

(November 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Courtesy: Getty Images

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

31

A

s Namibia contemplates its move into the wider global challenges of energy provision, can an Energy Skills Roadmap be the answer towards

comprehensive jobs development?

The shift to alternative energy sources such as solar, wind and hydrogen will undoubtedly create increased demand necessitating more minerals, logistic systems and most importantly, jobs. In furtherance of a Just Energy Transition, new jobs will be created as well as new centres of excellence in new geographies.

An Energy Skills Roadmap is therefore a strategic plan designed to guide the development of the workforce required to meet the evolving needs of the energy sector. It outlines the key skills and competencies needed for individuals working in the energy industry, taking into account any technological advancements or potentially commercial innovations, policy changes, and the transition to more sustainable energy systems.

The roadmap helps government, commercial and academia, identify gaps in the current skill base, forecast future skill requirements, and ensure that training and education programs are aligned with the needs of the sector.

What Skills?

Skills development will be needed for: Circuit design, power generation, and integration of solar panels into the grid.

Design solar power systems (both residential and commercial).

Energy storage systems (such as batteries or other storage technologies) for off-grid or grid-tied solar system.

The design, operation, and maintenance of solar thermal (used for heating or concentrated solar power) systems.

Circuit design, power generation, and integration of wind power into the grid.

Design wind power systems (both residential and commercial).

Energy storage systems (such as batteries or other storage technologies) for off-grid or grid-tied wind power system.

Training the workforce in green hydrogen technologies such as electrolysers and pipeline build and operations will also be needed, given Namibia’s ambitions in this field.

Is the Education Sector ready?

Traditional education systems are as expected geared up for traditional skill sets. Namibia has a strong education system that covers the needed curricula from High School to Postgraduate level 10 qualifications. What will be needed however are industry ready individuals, exposed through at a minimum to Work Integrated Learning (WIL) and better still, Industries eager to hire them.

With unemployment at its current levels, there is a temptation to move for quick fixes. So a well-planned Energy Skills Roadmap that covers all the energy sectors, allowing for synergies will be our best bet.

Courtesy: Getty Images

32

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

PRESS RELEASE RDJ Consulting renews its Memorandum of Agreement with the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)

//Start On June 24, 2024, RDJ Consulting (www.rdjconsulting.co.za) renewed its Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) with the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST) for intake of Work Integrated Learning (WIL) students. The successful partnership, which began in 2019, continues to pave the way for future leaders, offering invaluable handson experience and bridging the gap between academia and industry.

At RDJ Consulting, students will have the invaluable chance to apply their theoretical knowledge in real-world settings, supported by mentorship, training, and exposure to industry best practices we believe in nurturing the next generation of talent, providing them with a platform to thrive, innovate, and make meaningful contributions to their chosen fields. Our internship program serves as an opportunity for students and recent graduates to immerse themselves in a dynamic, real-world environment where they can apply their knowledge, refine their skills, and explore their passions under the guidance of seasoned professionals.

For over eight years now, RDJ Consulting has proudly hosted interns through our annual internship program, dedicated to providing invaluable hands-on experience and fostering the next generation of professionals. We've welcomed both undergraduate and postgraduate students from various universities across Namibia, neighbouring African countries, and beyond. Our interns have pursued qualifications in Economics, Statistics, Mathematics, Journalism, Communication, Media Studies, Graphic Design, Computer Studies, Environmental Studies, Policy, Logistics, and more.

After the signing of the MoA by Dr. Erling Kavita, Executive Director of NUST: Academic Development and support, and Satellite Campuses, and Mrs Renee Jarrett, Group Executive Administration for RDJ Group, Dr. Erling Kavita, expressed enthusiasm for the updated MoA, stating, “I am happy to learn that this is from 2019 and you are still interested. We are very happy, and we will not fail to return the favor”. He was further pleased to know that RDJ serves as a board member of a NUST qualifications committee since 2020 and that it has played a significant role in providing support for bridging the gap between academic qualifications and the job market. Meanwhile Ms. Chilombo Priscila – RDJ’s Internship Manager and Group Executive Operation emphasized that “RDJ Consulting looks forward to having an even more active collaboration with NUST through the updated MoA, which will see more activities done for the benefit of the students and both institutions in this post-covid era”.

PRESS RELEASE RDJ Consulting renews its Memorandum of Agreement with the Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)

The partnership, will continue to offer NUST student’s opportunities to work alongside seasoned professionals at RDJ Consulting, providing them with a platform to apply their academic knowledge in real-world settings. This initiative aligns with both RDJ Consulting and NUST's commitment to excellence, innovation, and the development of future talent.

About RDJ Consulting Services CC RDJ Consulting Services CC. (also referred to as RDJ Consulting, or simply RDJ) is a 100% Namibian Energy and Sustainability Consultancy with more than 30 years' experience in the utility (Water, Energy and Telecoms), rural development, environment and transport sectors. Founded in 2010, our a single mission is to make a difference in the Energy & Sustainability landscape. Our experience as an integrated professional services firm that builds better communities through planning, design, and delivery of physical and social infrastructure helps support our clients in all aspects going forward. RDJ Consulting is based in Windhoek, Namibia has extensive experience in Southern Africa, Asia, Britain, USA and the Caribbean. We thus work with governments and agencies to address issues in developing countries. See our publications issuu.com/rdjpublishing.

About Our Internship Program’s Impact What sets us apart is the fact that over 80% of our interns get employed at renowned local and international institutions after their internships with us, while the remaining generally opt to further their studies. Because of our achievements, RDJ Group has built continued relationships with local tertiary institutions, and this resulted in signing Memorandum of Agreements (MoAs) with them to take in their students on three-month internship cycles required to complete their WIL module. The purpose of our internship program is to build professional graduates that are employable in the job market and help reduce youth unemployment challenges in the country and beyond. //End

Water Water: Is Net-Zero Evaporating?

(May 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Image: maniacvector Courtesy: Freepik

D

ecarbonization efforts at the forefront, is placing extra burdens on water utilities due to water generally being a loss making or breakeven

essential service. Water utilities are facing a myriad of challenges even before net-zero becomes a central issue.

The issues facing the utility surround aging infrastructure, water loss through leaks and theft, feedwater availability and the willingness of consumers to pay for water.

The added responsibility to then meet the organic challenges, with the added impact of climate change that itself is requiring at a minimum, net-zero action, is making it near impossible for water utilities to balance. A complexity to this is population growth, expanding the problem creating a moving target. As water utilities globally account for two percent of global emissions which is equivalent to that produced by the airline industry, water is essential and so there can be no discussion about reducing use although there is room for reduction of waste or loss.

NamWater as a bulk supplier is no exception to these challenges and will have to lay out a path to economic and decarbonization sustainability. While the matter of net-

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

zero is pressing, it should be made with full consideration of the realities facing the utility. This extract from the latest public Annual Report (NamWater): NamWater's infrastructure, which ranges from dams, reservoirs, pipelines and purification plants, is not only expensive to construct but also requires continuous maintenance, which results in the delivery of water as being an expensive exercise.

One of the major obstacles for the Corporation is that many Namibians do not reside in areas where water is easily and readily accessible, which requires the construction of pipelines over long distances to ensure the supply of water to these areas. shows that the utility concurs and sees the water supply value chain to be central to any solution. A 2022 report by CDP (www.cdp.net) show that only eight percent of companies have net-zero targets although In provision of water, electricity is a core resource for pumping, filter processes and treatments operations.

35

NamWater further identifies insufficient water availability as its number one risk and unsustainable water tariffs as rounding off the top ten risks it faces. Nowhere is the risk of climate change mentioned in the risk profiles although it is acknowledged as impacting water security issues.

NamWater also recognises that climate and ESG goals are part of good business but would “take a number of years” before guidelines are present.

We feel that NamWater needs to accelerate its net-zero approach so that it can increase it cost reduction strategy impacts. With electricity being the highest financial cost factor at approximately NAD 435 million (USD 23.5 million) and representing 25% of revenue, this is an area to focus on for net-zero and cost reduction.

Working with NamPower, there is room to leverage solar and wind power supplies that would allow for “cleaner” supplies at lower cost structures leading to reduced energy intensity from a GHG perspective. NamWater can provide guarantees, allowing NamPower to contract power purchase agreements on its behalf removing the need for ownership or direct investment costs.

Water security can be handled also by the use of renewables for water desalination, leading to a bi-focal benefit structure. During the water treatment process, biproducts, which have previously been regarded as waste, is generated but rather than simply disposing them, they can be treated as secondary raw materials to be recycled and reuse.

Recovered products can be used as clean water for irrigation and cleaning, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer for farmers, as well as for heat energy and electricity.

36

Using leading practice, water utilities globally have focussed strategies that focus on water security measures, pro-active leadership, water quality and healthy communities. Water security also includes flood control measures and so adaptation funding could be an avenue to increase investment approaches. Integrated water cycle planning and system wide planning approaches will extend from harvesting and storage, through to treatment, distribution and reuse.

So, NamWater can start by quantifying its operations through data and other quantification. This will provide a baseline so that emissions boundaries can be set and action points can be created. While electricity use has been identified here it is not the only source that can create options. Another would be vehicle use shifting to e-fuels, noting that emobility is now commercially available.

As always, the conversation infocus@rdjpublishing.africa

continues

Readings: www.sawater.com.au https://aecom.com/without-limits/article/water-utilities-net-zero/ https://twri.tamu.edu/publications/txh2o/2019/summer-2019/10challenges-of-water-utilities/ https://www.namwater.com.na/images/docs/NAMWATER_2021_IAR_ Web_Final.pdf https://cdn.cdp.net/cdpproduction/cms/reports/documents/000/006/179/original/How_comp anies_in_Asia_Pacific_are_preparing_for_the_netzero_economy_EN.pdf?1648712180

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

Namibia to Home another Desalination Plant in Erongo Region (September 2024) AUTHOR: Grace Kangotue Chief Researcher/Economist @ RDJ Consulting

Courtesy: https://chamberofmines.org.na/blog-post/erongo-desalination-plant-unlocks-green-energy-potential/

N

amibia is well-known as one of the driest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, naturally arid, and heavily reliant on its groundwater resources. However,

these groundwater reserves face challenges due to the country’s high rainfall variability, which affects the recharge of aquifers, making water resources unreliable in many regions. Climate change, with reduced rainfall and altered precipitation patterns, has further intensified these challenges, particularly in the Erongo region, which is situated in the Namib Desert.

In recent years, the development of Namibia’s hydrogen industry has also begun to take shape, with significant projects emerging in the Erongo region. This has resulted into an increase in industrial activities in the Erongo region, and consequently, surging the water demand. Alongside this, the expansion of uranium mining, other industrial projects, and population growth are further stretching the region’s limited water resources.

Currently, the region draws water from the Omdel and Kuiseb Delta aquifers, as well as the Orano Erongo

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

Desalination Plant, which is privately owned. According to the Namibian national water utility, Namibia Water Corporation Ltd (NamWater), the trio collectively provide approximately 30 million cubic metres of water annually.

However, they have reached their “sustainable limits.”

According to Orano, their desalination plant generates about 20 million cubic metres of drinking water per annum.

This means Orano’s plant produces about 67% of the aggregate water supply in the region per year. Additionally, NamWater’s Coastal Business Unit in 2024 also noted that it manages around 14 million cubic metres of water resources, while demand in the region now stands at 26 million cubic metres—almost double the available supply.

As a result, NamWater’s existing resources are insufficient to meet both current and future water demand.

To ensure water sustainability in the Erongo region, NamWater is activating its plans set for the construction of an additional desalination plant. This idea is based on a “Feasibility Study for a Desalination Plant and Water Transfer System,” which was completed in 2021. The study’s main goal was to propose a sustainable concept that would 37

secure and diversify Namibia’s water supply by integrating conventional water sources with a climate-independent water supply, enhancing resilience in the Erongo region by 2050.

The feasibility study examined three potential scenarios: SS1: Supplying water solely to the Erongo region.

SS2: Supplying the Erongo region and conveying water to Windhoek and surrounding areas.

SS3: Supplying SS1 and SS2, while also transporting water to Gaborone, Botswana.

Point to note is that national water demand in 2015 was estimated at about 334 million cubic meters per year and is projected to reach 583 and 772 million cubic meters per year by 2025 and 2030 respectively.

In 2021, the Namibian government, through its Cabinet, approved the immediate implementation of SS1 to meet the urgent water demand in the Erongo region. In 2023, NamWater proposed undertaking the project in collaboration with the private sector through a jointventure business model. Husab Uranium Mine, the largest water consumer in the region and the second-largest single consumer in the country, was identified as an ideal partner for the project. Cabinet approved NamWater’s proposal and granted permission for the water utility to engage with Husab Uranium Mine.

NamWater is now authorized to construct a desalination plant with a capacity of approximately 20 million cubic metres per year in the Erongo region, aimed at supplementing the region’s water supply. According to the

Minister of Agriculture, Water, and Land Reform, Calle Schelettwein, construction is scheduled to begin in January 2025, with completion expected by early 2027.

In a press release dated August 2, 2024, titled “Namibia Approves Strategic Desalination Plant to Secure National Water Supply”, NamWater provided updates on the project, though it did not mention how the project would be financed or the outcome of the discussions with Husab Uranium Mine regarding a joint partnership.

In conclusion, Namibia’s efforts to secure a sustainable water supply for the Erongo region is commendable.

Building a new desalination plant is a crucial step to support the region's growing industrial activities while ensuring water resources can meet both current and future demands. Involving the private sector, particularly a key player like Husab Uranium Mine, can help mobilize the resources needed to accelerate the project’s completion.

NamWater can leverage this partnership to secure capital and other support. This initiative is essential not only for the sustainable development of the Erongo region but for the entire country’s economic and environmental future.

Readings: NamWater “Namibia Approves Strategic Desalination Plant to Secure National Water Supply”, Press Released dated: 02 August 2024 NamWater “NamWater’s Strategic Investment in Water Infrastructure: A Catalyst for National Development PART 2”, Press Released date: 21 August 2024 https://www.orano.group/en/orano-across-the-world/namibia https://sdgs.un.org/sites/default/files/202211/NAMIBIA%20inputs.pdf

Courtesy: Getty Images

38

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

NAMIBIA DAM LEVELS UPDATE (January 2025) Dam's Full Capacity (in Mm3)

Present Volume for January 2025 (in Mm3)

100.00

1000.00

80.00 800.00

600.00

400.00

40.00

200.00

20.00

H ar da p

0.00 N ec ka rt al

Water Volume (in Mm3)

60.00

N Sw au te ak op po or t Vo n Ba O ch lu sh an dj O a m O ar m ur at u ak D o el ta D am O an ob D re O ih tji uk ve ro M O ai tji n ve ro Si lt Fr ie O d m en at au je nn e D am G or ea ng Ti ab ld a Vi ljo en Bo nd D el aa s n Vi ljo en

0.00

Name of Reservoir Author’s analysis and representation of NamWater’s weekly dam bulletin - dated 20 January 2025

DEFICIT 48.1%

CAPACITY

1556.71 Mm3

AVAILABILITY 51.9%

According to records by NamWater’s weekly Dam Bulletins, Namibia has a total Reservoir capacity of 1556.71 million cubic meters (Mm3), whose present volumes stand at 807.32 Mm3 (or 51.9%). This means that the country’s water deficit is currently 749.39 Mm3 (or 48.1%).

48.5% Present % of Full Capacity 25 November 2024

51,9% Present % of Full Capacity 20 January 2025

SOURCE: RDJ CONSULTING SERVICES CC

The Environment Conservation Tourism at Risk (April 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Courtesy: Embassy of the Republic of Namibia in Japan

N

amibia is known for its pristine landscapes with internationally renowned scenery such as Sossusvlei and Etosha National Park with either

pristine landscapes and dunes or with spectacular wildlife such as the “big five”. The country is also a leader in Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM), which is based on the understanding that if natural resources have sufficient value to rural communities as a people-centred approach to the integration of conservation of the natural resource.

It therefore provides a boost to tourism covering approximately 16.5% of the total land area (approximately 136 000 square km) as well as some 200 privately owned game farms (gasteplaas) or reserves. The total area of ​

40

protected land in Namibia, enjoying conservation through state, community conservancy or private efforts is no less than 45% of the country's surface area.

The Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism (MEFT) notes on its frequently asked questions that …….. “the role of protected areas in Namibia is to promote the conservation of natural resources and wildlife habitat in Namibia and the sustainable use of wildlife resources. Concessions provide opportunities for business development in Namibia’s protected areas. They allow visitors to Namibia’s parks access to locations that are ordinarily inaccessible. They also diversify the range of opportunities on offer and generate additional revenue from the conservation and sensible use of Namibia’s indigenous plant and wildlife

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

resources. Concession activities generally lend themselves to high value, low impact tourism activities.

Tourists visit destinations hoping to observe and experience wildlife in their natural habitats. When iconic species such as elephants, rhinos, or big cats are targeted by poachers, tourists may be less inclined to visit these areas due to the diminished opportunity for wildlife sightings. As a result, the impact of poaching especially in Etosha is a concern and the MEFT notes that poaching of Rhinos (45 in 2021, 87 in 2022) creates a “hotspot” requiring increased vigilance and funding for control. Further noted is the threat to Namibia’s reputation for conservation and socio-economic development through tourism.

Poaching disrupts ecological balance and can have cascading effects on entire ecosystems as well as tarnishes the reputation of destinations associated with wildlife conservation and ecotourism. The threat goes further, and poaching activities pose direct risks to tourists' safety and well-being. Incidents of poachers encroaching into protected areas may lead to confrontations with visitors, jeopardizing their safety.

Tourism can also help protect valuable ecosystems and biodiversity by actively conserving and preserving natural resources. Revenue generated from tourism can be reinvested into conservation efforts. Entrance fees, park permits, and eco-tourism initiatives contribute to funding

conservation projects, habitat restoration, and wildlife protection programs. These financial resources enable governments and conservation organizations to implement effective strategies for preserving natural areas and biodiversity hotspots.

In 2022, some 500 000 foreign visitors came to Namibia and 46.5 percent via air, with 44.1 percent arriving through the Hosea Kutako International Airport. With tourism said to be the fastest contribute approximately 12 percent to Namibia’s GDP and 5.7 percent to total employment in 2022 as well as estimated to employ some 100 000 persons, can Namibia afford the risk posed by poaching to its tourism industry?

As always, the conversation infocus@rdjp ublishing.africa

continues

Readings: https://conservationnamibia.com/blog/rural-development-beyondtourism-2023.php https://www.nwr.com.na/etosha-national-park/ http://namibiatokyo.or.jp/jp/pc_jp_tourism/ https://www.meft.gov.na/faqs/ https://www.meft.gov.na/files/files/poaching%20update%202022%2 023.pdf https://www.solimarinternational.com/impact-of-sustainabletourism/ https://www.meft.gov.na/files/downloads/MEFT-TouristStatistical%20Report-2022-new%20design_21-Aug-2023.pdf

Courtsey: Canva

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

41

Transport & Mobility E-mobility: Reducing Imported Fuel (June 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

EV convenience.

Courtesy: 4x4electric.com

W

ith an estimated 420 000 vehicles in Namibia with Windhoek estimated to have on its register some 40 percent or 170 000 vehicles. Annual

growth nationally is estimated at 10 000 vehicles with a clear possibility to replace at least 10 percent annually.

If a further assumption of the national fleet is taken at 44 percent being cars, this would make Windhoek home to at least 90 000 cars and the most congested urban area. This writer using data collected by our researchers then shows that Windhoek requires no less than 117 000 000 (117 million) litres of fuel annually raking in NAD 2.5 billion in forecourt sales.

42

Had the same fleet been composed of electric vehicles it can be assumed that the sales in electricity to accomplish the same distances would be equivalent to around NAD 750 million (NAD 0.75 billion). So who wants to save money?

Electric vehicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention for their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change. There currently around 100 EVs in Namibia with most based in Windhoek and being Nissan Leafs (Used) costing around NAD 200 000 – NAD 400 000 equating to the petrol engine new vehicle class such as the Volkswagen Polo or Toyota Corolla Quest price range. It is worth noting that Mercedes and BMW electric vehicles are available in Windhoek.

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

However, the benefits of owning an EV extend far beyond just reducing emissions. This is because electricity is generally cheaper than gasoline or diesel, which translates into significant savings over time. Additionally, EVs have fewer moving parts, which means they require less maintenance. There is no need for oil changes, spark plugs, or exhaust system repairs, and regenerative braking systems reduce wear on brake components.

EVs also offer a superior driving experience due to their instant torque and smooth acceleration thus making even the most ardent “petrolhead” drop back in their seats at “take-off”. Unlike petrol and diesel engine vehicles, which need time to build up power, electric motors deliver full torque immediately, resulting in rapid acceleration and a responsive driving feel. This performance aspect is not only said to be enjoyable but also provides better handling and control, especially in urban driving conditions.

For the techies, EVs are more energy-efficient than their gasoline counterparts. While internal combustion engines convert only about 20% of the energy stored in gasoline to power the wheels, electric motors can convert over 60% of the electrical energy from the grid to power the wheels. This efficiency translates to lower overall energy consumption and better utilization of resources.

Green Car reports note that although people keep mentioning range per “fill-up” as a concern, the average driving distance daily of a vehicle in the urban environment is limited and well under the capability of current EV models. At this point, the same applies to public transport and the City of Windhoek could reap similar fuel cost savings making public transport a more viable option.

Then there is a real convenience, charging at home. Having the convenience of home charging is a significant advantage. Thus, in Windhoek, the matter of charging can be accomplished at home while you sleep. Charging an EV at home overnight using a standard household outlet or a dedicated home charging station can be more convenient than visiting a gas station. This not only saves time but also allows owners to start each day with a fully charged vehicle. “we could easily charge our electric car at each campsite we visited” 4x4electric.com So there can be no denying that as the technology within EVs advance and infrastructure availability improves, the advantages of EVs are expected to grow, further solidifying their place in the future of transportation. And as always, the conversation continues infocus@rdjpublishing,africa .

PLEASE NOTE THAT RDJ PUBLISHING DOES NOT ENDORSE ANY BRAND MENTIONED IN THIS ARTICLE AND HAS NOT BEEN PAID TO ADVERTISE ANY OF THE VEHICLES MENTIONED BY NAME. ALL MENTIONS HAVE BEEN FOR ILLUSTRATION ONLY!

Readings: https://www.focus2move.com/namibian-auto/ https://www.globalfueleconomy.org/media/790638/namibiajul2019vehiclepopulationgrowthrate.pdf https://arba.app/l_100km_calculator/ https://www.electricvehiclesnamibia.com/ https://4x4electric.com/overlanding-all-electric-through-namibia/

Courtesy: www.namibian.com.na

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

43

Is Namibia Ready for a Low-cost Airline?

(December 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Courtesy: RDJ Consulting

44

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

P

resident-elect, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah has echoed a view that many Namibian’s have on the revival of our closed national carrier Air Namibia.

We take the opportunity to look at what if anything is the competitive landscape that “Air Namibia” or any such national airline would face. Airlines are as expected fast travel methods to move people and goods with some being local carriers and others do medium or long-haul routes.

However, noting the airlines that survived the fall out of Covid 19 on airlines, "low-cost carriers" seemed to have been the winners, and we focus on the incubation needed for Air Namibia or its equivalent to be re-introduced.

The term "low-cost carrier" (or LCC) refers to an airline that aims to offer lower fares and a no-frills flying experience. Some of the key characteristics of an LCC is Low Fares being the primary appeal through budget-friendly ticket prices. Accompanying this is No-Frills Service or very limited onboard services, often with no included meals, beverages, or in-flight entertainment. However, additional services are usually available for purchase and in some cases can be ordered in advance during ticket purchase.

It is also important that such an airline using a uniform fleet, often a single aircraft model (like the Boeing 737 or Airbus A320) or as in the case of Fly Namibia using Embraer’s, which it is understood to be key in reducing operating costs, maintenance and training costs. This is then bolted on to a high aircraft utilization rate that is achieved through quick turnaround times and high flight frequencies to maximize the use of their aircraft. These then are some of the strategies that help LCCs maintain low operational costs and pass savings onto passengers in the form of lower fares.

Currently, several airlines service Namibia, either allowing direct access or as route aggregators generally through Johannesburg, Cape Town, Victoria Falls, Addis Ababa and Frankfurt. What actually makes these airlines impressive is their limited times spent on the ground in Namibia.

FlySafair for example is a LCC based in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is a subsidiary of Safair, an established aviation company that has been operating since 1965.

FlySafair flies to 14 destinations in Sub-Saharan Africa, including major international destinations like Mauritius, Namibia, and Tanzania. The airline operates a fleet of 34 aircraft, including Boeing 737-400 and Boeing 737-800 models.

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

Known for its on-time performance, FlySafair has managed to reduce the average ticket prices on some routes by as much as 39%. It therefore comes as no surprise that FlySafair recently launched a new route connecting Cape Town International Airport (CPT) to Hosea Kutako International Airport (WDH) in Windhoek. This route operates twice weekly, on Tuesdays and Saturdays, making cross-border travel between the two cities even more accessible and possibly even more affordable.

Airlink (formerly known as South African Airlink) is a regional airline based in Johannesburg, South Africa. It was founded in 1992 to provide services between smaller, under-served towns and larger hub airports. Over the years, Airlink has expanded to offer flights on larger, mainline routes. Airlink operates a network of over 60 routes to more than 45 destinations across Southern Africa, including countries like Madagascar and St Helena Island.

It has a fleet of around 67 aircraft and is also known for its reliability and full-service offerings, including in-flight catering and wider reclining seats. Airlink with its code share arrangement, operates several routes inside Namibia, connecting Windhoek Eros Airport to Ondangwa, Katima Mulilo, Lüderitz, and Oranjemund.

On the longer haul route, Discover Airlines for example is a airline based in Germany and is a subsidiary of the Lufthansa Group. The airline was founded in July 2021 as Eurowings Discover and rebranded to Discover Airlines in September 2023. It operates from its bases at Frankfurt Airport and Munich Airport. Discover Airlines flies to over 62 destinations around the Mediterranean, North America, the Black Sea, Africa, and the Caribbean. With a fleet of 27 aircraft geared or tailored to leisure travellers, focuses on sustainable travel that offset CO2 emissions through sustainable aviation fuels and climate protection projects.

With this well-established competitive landscape, any Namibian airline needs to have a very special offering to make it well received and financially sustainable.

Readings: https://www.airports.com.na/news/145/AIR-CONNECT-NAMIBIAWELCOMES-THE-LAUNCH-OF-FLYSAFAIR-S-SERVICES-CONNECTINGWINDHOEK-TO-CAPE-TOWN https://www.flysafair.co.za/about-us https://www.discover-airlines.com/xx/en/about-us/company https://flynam.com/the-flynamibia-airlink-partnership https://www.flyairlink.com Economist says no plan can revive Air Namibia amid Swapo’s promise of airline’s return - News - The Namibian

45

Communications Riding the Waves with Streaming (April 2024) AUTHOR: David Jarrett and Team Editor @ RDJ Publishing and RDJ Group Chief Executive Officer

Future tech via ai-image Courtesy: freepik

S

treaming is now the trendy way of “watching and listening” to content saving the user from having to handle storage mediums. Streaming requires internet

connectivity and when looking at movies, high speed internet services are required. Popular examples of streaming services include Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Spotify, Apple Music, YouTube, Twitch (for live streaming), and many others. These platforms offer a wide range of content that users can access instantly, often through subscription-based or ad-supported models.

Content on-demand Streaming refers to the process of delivering multimedia content, such as audio, video, or even live events, over the internet in real-time. Instead of downloading a file to a

46

device and then watching or listening to it, streaming allows users to access the content instantly without needing to download the entire file beforehand. The content is transmitted continuously over a network from a server to a user's device, such as a computer, smartphone, tablet, or smart TV. As the data arrives at the user's device, it is decoded and displayed or played back in real-time, allowing for seamless viewing or listening experiences.

One of the media providers is offering media “everywhere anytime on your iOS device, Android, Apple TV or Smart TV with just internet connection”. The offering also allows for downloading so that material can be accessed when away from the internet or a reliable connection. One of the clear benefits of streaming is stated to be the ability to “watch” media on any device whereas previously a television was required.

www.rdjpublishing.africa

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

One researcher describes this phenomenon as “second screen” usage allowing the use of non-traditional viewing via cellphones (smartphones), tablets and computers (PCs) once there is access to the internet for viewing or download. Another benefit is derived from the fact that users are not constrained by time or place of viewing, thus converting viewing to a new paradigm and freedom.

Additional benefits will definitely accrue in the fields of health and education, providing for remote learning or remote referencing for health professionals for example.

This is a trend that Namibia can use to its benefit, especially in areas of scarce skills and in the area of information spread. This leads to virtual events and meetings being seen or “attended” even when the physical activity was concluded.

An example of this given by others is when Microsoft held its Ignite conference in 2019 to provide attendees an opportunity to network with each other. After the event was finished, Microsoft was able to upload the live streamed content online, allowing even more people to attend. That content has since been repurposed and used as marketing material, enticing people to sign up to subsequent Ignite events.

It is clear then that both state and private sectors can reach broader audiences and be impactful in their offerings. For example, a stream could help the public better understand national budgets or healthy actions such as with immunization programs. Live steaming can also be used for events such as the opening of Parliament and the likes,

creating a more holistic feeling of belonging and being part of national affairs.

This brings into focus the television licensing regime and a focus question as to how licence fees will remain relevant and not punitive. In Namibia, the payment of TV licencing is a legal obligation brought about through the Namibian Broadcasting Act No. 9 of 1991. The Namibian Broadcasting Corporation administers this through their licencing department, ranging from NAD 60 – NAD 204 per television set.

The Namibian Broadcasting Act No. 9 of 1991 (the Act) defines “television set” to mean a device which is, alone or in combination with any other device, capable of receiving by means of radio or cables or wires as contemplated in section 4(1)(c) transmissions broadcast in a broadcasting service and reproducing them in the form of images or other visible signals, with or without accompanying sounds.

Section 4(1)(c) of the Act, infers that a television is a device that receives its transmission from a broadcasting station.

Is a cell tower considered a broadcasting station, making even cell phones a television? As always, the conversation continues infocus@rdjpublishing.africa

Readings: https://www.cloudflare.com/en-gb/learning/video/what-isstreaming/ https://com.miami.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2021/05/mma_2020_secondplace.pdf https://www.dstv.com/en-na/buy/dstv-streaming https://nbc.na/tvl/

Courtesy: Canva

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

47

ISSN 2026-9080

Receive our limited edition RDJ Publishing 2024 Spotlight To request a copy, simply send an email to info@rdjpublishing.africa, and we will promptly provide it to you.

Tenders

MTC Description: Request For Proposal for Supply, Delivery, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance of Specialized Air Conditioning Systems at the MTC Windhoek and MTC Oshakati for Mobile Telecommunications Limited (MTC).

Bid Closing date: 31 January 2025 at 14h30 PM Namibian Time https://www.mtc.com.na/procurement/tender/384 Khomas Regional Council Description: Supply and Delivery of Hundred and Twenty (120) Boer Goat-Ewes For Community Project to Khomas Regional Council.

Bid Closing date: 24 January 2025 at 12h00 PM Namibian Time https://khomasrc.gov.na/documents/611992/0/RFQ++Supply+and+delivery+of+Goats+for+Rural+Services+Projects.pdf/04bae63a-e892-d7c6-5c51-c25247e47a2e NamPower Description: Interior Design and Refurbishment of the NamPower Convention Centre in Windhoek.

Bid Closing date: 07 February 2025 at 10h00 AM Namibian Time https://www.nampower.com.na/Bid.aspx?id=252056 NAMDEB Description: Invitation to Tender for the Provision of Drilling and Blasting Services.

Bid Closing date: 10 February 2025 at 16h00 Namibian Time https://namdeb.com/opportunities/tender-eoi/

InFocus NAMIBIA AN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY OVERVIEW

www.rdjpublishing.africa

49

Press Releases

CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS

NICOLE FELIX CHIEF DESIGNER (LAYOUT AND DESIGN) @RDJ PUBLISHING

DAVID JARRETT EDITOR AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER @RDJ GROUP

SILPA KANGHONO COORDINATOR: DIGITAL MARKETING AND EVENTS @RDJ PUBLISHING

LAHJA AMAAMBO CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR @RDJ GROUP

PUBLISHED BY:

GRACE KANGOTUE CHIEF RESEARCHER/ECONOMIST DEPUTY EDITOR @ RDJ CONSULTING

CHILOMBO OLGA PRISCILA CONTRIBUTING AUTHOR @RDJ GROUP

RESEARCH BY:

RENEE JARRETT EXECUTIVE - ADMINISTRATION @RDJ GROUP

PRINTED BY:

ISSN 2026-9080

Don't let your brand go unnoticed.

STAND OUT AND DRIVE GROWTH

Advertise with us and take your business to the next level!

Contact us today to learn more about our advertising options and packages! +264 81 750 3010

info@rdjpublishing.africa