Research Book - Vertical Street - Issey Fang

Vertical Street Research Book

Public Charter

02

Documentation: Public Space

03

Research: 22Bishopsgate

15

Study: Vertical Village

23

Reference

31

Vertical Street Research Book

Public Charter

02

Documentation: Public Space

03

Research: 22Bishopsgate

15

Study: Vertical Village

23

Reference

31

1.Public spaces should be free, accessible for all.

2.It should be open to be used as an urban experimental petri dish.

3.Experiments can be any form of activity that improves civic living. It does not have to be based on function.

4.Every user of public space should be treated equally regardless of gender, race and socio-economic status.

Public Charter

Let Experiments Happen

5.The application and result of using public spaces should be open and transparent.

Public Charter 02

03 Documentation: Public Space

"Some internal or elevated spaces can also be considered as part of the public realm, such as shopping malls, sky gardens, viewing platforms, museums or station concourses. Such forms of public realm are particularly relevant in areas of higher density."

---- Policy D7 Public Realm, Draft New London Plan

Quality of Interior public space is attracting more attention than ever before. In the latest Draft New London Plan, the definition of public realm starts to include interior and elevated public spaces. However, the deficiency of relevant research in both London and other regions hampers the development of better spaces and brings this issue onto the international stage.

Public Space

Route of investigation trip a. Trafalgar Square b. Royal Festival Hall (Southbank Centre) c. Queen Elizabeth Hall (Southbank Centre) d. National Theatre e. OXO Tower Wharf f. Tate Modern g. Shakespeare's Globe h. Borough Market i. Monument to the Great Fire of London j. Leadenhall Market k. The Garden at 120 l. Sky Garden m.City Hall n. Twentytwo Bishopsgate

Documentation: Public Space 04

05 Documentation: Public Space

Trafalgar Square London 31/10/2020

Leadenhall Mardet London 31/10/2020

An exploration was started to address this field by researching various kinds of public spaces in London and Tokyo. In the investigation, human activities were extracted solely to present the user behaviours and experienced journeys. Accordingly, the essence of these spaces is revealed and endows us with a more precise evaluation on them.

Tate Modern London 31/10/2020

Sky Garden London 31/10/2020

Documentation: Public Space 06

07 Documentation: Public Space

Trafalgar Square London 31/10/2020

National Museum of Western Art Tokyo 03/11/2020

More importantly, the relationship between users and the design of public spaces is intensified after dematerialising the surrounding. The pattern of how people behave in the indoor spaces differs from the outdoor one, reflecting the disparate design logic for interior and outdoor public spaces.

Asakusa Shin-Nakamise-Dori Tokyo 03/11/2020

Sky Garden London 31/10/2020

Documentation: Public Space 08

①

plants bar cafe restaurant open-air terrace

09 Documentation: Public Space

②

③

④

The journey: 1. Guard entrance 2. Glass turnstile 3. Safety check 4. Lift

Sky Garden

20 Fenchurch Street Location: London, UK Completed: 2014 Architect: Rafael Vinoly

The onboarding journey of Sky garden has always been compared to those in an airport terminal. One has to go through a series of barriers - security check, longstanding queues and fancy machines - to reach the destination.

According to the designer Gillespies, Sky Garden was inspired by the gravity-defying ancient forests. The aim is to create a public garden space housed under a glass vaulted roof overlooking the City of London, and cater service for tourists and private events.

However, it is already too late for people to realise the countless restrictions and lies after its debut.

Arguably, visitors could rarely have a satisfying experience in Sky Garden. But the true reason behind the complaint attributes to a lack of substitute: the accessible, inclusive, free, elevated interior public space is extremely scarce in London.

Documentation: Public Space 10

11 Documentation: Public Space

Documentation: Public Space 12

①

shop cafe future travel scope viewing deck

13 Documentation: Public Space

②

③

The journey: 1. Guard entrance 2. Safety check 3. Lift

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building Observatories

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building Location: Tokyo, Japan Completed: 1991 Architect: Kenzo Tange

The harsh restriction of observatory does not only exist in London. In Tokyo, the viewing deck above TMG building has enjoyed considerable popularity among tourists for more than two decades, while at the same time never lowered its limitation. Albeit without the fig trees and ferns in Sky Garden, TMG building still receives accolade for being a more inclusive, reservation-free elevated public space.

The design and management of observatories question the definition of public space. With more skyscrapers rising on the horizon, interior elevated space will bear more weights in the future urban living.

Documentation: Public Space 14

15 Research: 22 Bishopsgate

22 Bishopsgate

22 Bishopsgate, designed by PLP Architecture and planned to be opened in 2020, claims to be the first vertical village in London. In the city lacking of elevated interior public space, the building brings a fresh expectation on expanding the public realm.

Research: 22 Bishopsgate 16

30 St Mary Axe: 180m Heron Tower: 230m Tower 42: 183m

St.Helen's: 118m The Leadenhall Building: 225m The Scalpel: 190m Wills Towers Waston: 125m 10 Fenchurch Ave: 68m

Lloyd's of London: 95m

17 Research: 22 Bishopsgate

Location and Population

"The building is a Vertical Village, built to support and nurture its population of 12,000 inhabitants."

Situating in the the commercial heart, 22 Bishopsgate is surrounded by one of the largest conservation areas in the City of London, as well as crowded among the highrise commercial buildings, an area of historic masonry facades knitted with the glass, steel and concrete.

The building acts create not only as the office but also as the community for 12,000 occupants, an amount equivalent to the population of a middle scale town in UK.

Research: 22 Bishopsgate 18

58-60

The viewing gallery

57 42-56

The club The office

41 40-26

The retreat The office

25 08-24

The gym The office

07 03-06

The exchange Space on demand

02 00 -01/02

19 Research: 22 Bishopsgate

The market The lobby The bike park Wind mitigation canopies Pedestrian access

Interior Public Space

The plan arrangement is relative traditional in ter ms of layout, although due to the intervening of amenities, the public spaces vary in the tower. From bike park to food market, from gym to pub, 22 Bishopsgate is trying to embrace the city with a positive attitude. Pedestrian could walk through the building from the opening at its base; workers and tourists from other places can share the market at the bottom and observatory on the top.

Research: 22 Bishopsgate 20

21 Research: 22 Bishopsgate

Vertical Transportation

The overflow of people burdens the workload of lifts in office buidling, while there is no convenient solution to this delay. The vertical transportation in 22 Bishopsgate are composed of staircases, escalators and more than 30 lifts to different sections. Even if the core space has been minimised, the lifts still occupy about 30% of the ground floor. The design team tries to reduce the waiting time by raising the amount and speed of the lift, and integrating art works in these commute space. However, substantially, the logic remains the same.

Research: 22 Bishopsgate 22

23 Study: Vertical Village

Vertical village is a growing concept. From the built and unrealised vertical villages, some common features can be extracted to reflect the aspiration towards this new lifestyle.

The most significant trend is multifunction.

Besides accommodation for the residents, the structure also provides a complete set of utilities for work, study and recreation.

Vertical Village

Feature - Multifunction

Garden in the machine (Studio Gang) Vertical village IBA (MVRDV) 22 Bishopsgate (PLP Architecture)

Study: Vertical Village 24

25 Study: Vertical Village

Feature - Costimised Unit

Vertical village is not merely a certain construction but a new lifestyle, combining the advantages of location and infrastructure in urban area with the freedom of creation in village. Owners could have more opportunities to choose or design their house, and decide when and how to change their space.

Vertical village IBA (MVRDV) The Trampery on the Gantry (Hawkins/Brown)

Study: Vertical Village 26

27 Study: Vertical Village

Feature - Bridge

When transportation network being elevated above the ground, the interior and outdoor public realm interconnects through the sky bridge. Accordingly, it grants more possibilities in new types of garden and recreation space.

The Pinnacle@Duxton (ARC Studio Architecture+Urbanism) Cloud Corridor (MAD) Edificio Mirador (MVRDV)

Study: Vertical Village 28

29 Study: Vertical Village

Feature - Elevated Green

Vertical village also revives the sense of rural living by creating elevated gardens.

The screen of vegetation helps to build the environmental sustainability as well as ease the nerve of high rise living. Along these lines, this aggregation of urban desire and village memory is not so much an apathetic structure as a constantly evolving framework.

Bosco Verticale (StefanoBoeri) Cloud Corridor (MAD) Vertical Village (Sou Fujimoto,Nicolas LaisnĂŠ, Dimitri Roussel)

Study: Vertical Village 30

[1]Nethercote, Megan, and Ralph Horne “Ordinary vertical urbanisms: City apartments and the everyday geographies of high-rise families” Environment and Planning, 48 (2016), 1581-1598 [2]Gang, Jeanne. “Three Points of the Residential High-Rise: Designing for Social Connectivity”. International Journal of HighRise Buildings, 5(2016),117-125 [3]Wong, Grace. “Vertical cities as a solution for land scarcity: the tallest public housing development in Singapore.” Urban Des Int9, 17-30(2004).

[4]PLP Architecture, "22 Bishopsgate, London, Uk", PLP Architecture, https://www. plparchitecture.com/22-bishopsgate.html.

[5]22 Bishopsgate, "22 Bishopsgate",http:// www.twentytwolondon.com/. [ 6 ] “ A l l U K To w n s & C i t i e s i n P o p u l a t i o n Order(2011 Census).”lovemytown, 2011, lovemytown.co.uk/populations/townstable1. asp.

[7]“Vertical village by Sou Fujimoto, Nicolas Laisné and Dimitri Roussel to be built in Paris.”, dezeen, 2018, https://www.dezeen. com/2018/04/17/paris-to-get-vertical-villageby-sou-fujimoto-nicolas-laisne-and-dimitriroussel/.

31 Reference

[9]Taylor, Chapman. “Designing for high-rise living.”, 2019, https://www.chapmantaylor. com/insights/designing-for-high-rise-living.

[10]“Dutch build ‘vertical forest’ skyscraper a s s o c i a l h o u s i n g . ” , Vo l v o C C C , 2 0 1 8 , https://constructionclimatechallenge. com/2018/02/16/vertical-forest-skyscraperbuilt-social-housing-eindhoven/.

[11]McKnight Jenna, “MAD proposes "vertical village" for LA as alternative to sprawl“, dezeen, 2015, https://www.dezeen. com/2015/08/31/mad-skyscraper-conceptvertical-village-los-angeles-alternative-tosprawl/.

Reference

[8]“Can high-rise buildings ever work as cohesive living spaces?.” Financial Times, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/870e12f81d19-11e6-a7bc-ee846770ec15.

[12]“MVRDV - Vertical Village IBA.”, MVRDV, https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/174/verticalvillage-iba.

[13]Mortice, Zach, “The Do-It-Yourself Vertical Village on the Fringes of London.”, Archdaily, 2018, https://www.archdaily.com/906223/ the-do-it-yourself-vertical-village-on-thefringes-of-london.

Reference 32