Enabling the Cycle Research Book

research book Enabling the Cycle Emma Naylor

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Enabling the Cycle Emma Naylor

Research Book MA Architecture 2022

contents 01 Introduction

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01.1 Inclusion

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01.1 Barriers and Models of Disability

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02 Context

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02.1 History of Bicycles

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02.2 Herne Hill Velodrome

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02.3 The Race Track

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02.4 Site Analysis

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02.5 Contrasting Spaces

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03 Body: The Bicycle, Disabled Community and Mechanics

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03.1 Overview

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03.2 BiCycles

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03.3 Disabled Cycling Engagement

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03.4 The Standardised Machine

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03.5 Adjustable Architecture?

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03.6 Kinetic Cycles

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03.7 Zoetropes

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03.8 Movement Experiments

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03.9 Storyline

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03.10 The Mechanical Engineer

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03.11 Mechanical Intervention

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04 Room: Personal Facilities and Access Consultancy

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04.1 Overview

110

04.2 Access Consultancy

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04.3 Mobility Justice

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05 Building: Combining different aspects of industry

129

05.1 Overview

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05.2 Meeting the HHV Architect

134

05.3 The Proposed Clubhouse

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05.4 Design Collaboration

156

06 Site: Spatial Retrofit and Master-planning

163

06.1 Overview

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06.2 The Access Consultant

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06.3 Spatial Retrofit

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06.34 Overlaying

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07 City: My Future Practice Strategy

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07.1 Future Practice

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07.2 Inclusive Cycling Infrastructure

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07.3 Leading into the City

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08 Behind the Scenes

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08.1 Behind the Scenes

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08.2 Collaborations

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08.3 References

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08.4 Bibliography

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Research Book MA Architecture 2022

‘Disabled people have to be ingenious to live in societies that are by their design inaccessible and by their inclination prejudiced against disability. It requires a great deal of artfulness and creativity to figure out how to make it through the day when you are disabled, given the condition of our society.’

Enabling the Cycle Emma Naylor

Tobin Siebers, Disability Theory 2008.

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01 introduction

Research Book MA Architecture 2022

01 Introduction Enabling the Cycle

enabling the cycle ‘Enabling the Cycle’ questions whether architecture can truly be inclusive, exploring this question through the lens of cycling and disability. The project focuses on the disabled body1 and the bicycle; the physicality of the human powered machine.

Disability is not simply a design problem, it is our problem, it is society’s problem, we are the ones who perpetuate the social exclusion of disabled people.

The project examines inclusion. It looks at how the building profession approaches inclusive and accessible design, situating the work within Herne Hill Velodrome and cycling.

The site becomes a testing ground for prioritising the disabled body, by exploring different approaches to inclusive cycling infrastructure which fights for mobility justice.

The site becomes a model for further research into making our environment more accessible for all.

Questions: Can the built environment be inclusive for the disabled cyclist?

What would the building industry need to do to achieve this?

How does society see the disabled body in this sporting arena?

How does these societies assumptions affect how disabled people

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use and occupy spaces?

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What happens if ‘unruly’2 bodies are prioritised over non-disabled bodies?

1 When using the term disabled body, I am referring to the ecological-enactive (EE) model of disability which highlights the lived experience of disability by distinguishing between pathological, and normal forms of embodiment, whilst also considering the social model of disability stating that people with impairments are disabled by our society. In the UK words like ‘cripple’ and ‘handicapped’ are no longer used to describe disabled people, however disabled people have come up with their own subversive terms, like ‘crip’ and ‘misfit’, but also for ‘able-bodied’ too. Many use the term ‘non-disabled’ or ‘normo-typicals’. Throughout the project I will use ‘abled’ to highlight the ‘non-disabled’ assumption that their own experiences are easy and unproblematic.

2 A positive term Jos Boys uses to described the disabled body. It emphasises the validity of disabled bodies.

01 Introduction Enabling the Cycle

Filming myself on the track - I have two invisible disabilities

The project highlights the issues and proposes alternative design solutions to inclusive design fluidly through five diverse scale; Body: Bicycle Room: Changing Facilities Building: Clubhouse Site: Velodrome City: Future Practice Strategy

Link to Research Film

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01.1 Inclusion Enabling the Cycle

Inclusion 'I think that unless the people with profound and complex needs are provided for then a club is not inclusive but if you cater for those people then you are inclusive.

Changing places are toilet facilities where personal care can be attended to, with hoists and adult changing facilities. These are not the same as disabled toilets which are great for many peoples needs. Without appropriate facilities people have to have their activities timed to fit in between their need to use the toilet. Examples that parents have given of how personal care is managed: on the floor of a public toilet or in the back of a car.

Support workers brought someone to Pedal Power and had to turn around and push the person in their wheelchair a mile back to their centre for a changing place.

Inclusion is also about the way people and those supporting them are welcomed to a facility, if the attitude makes them feel they are difficult, demanding and too much trouble, people will know they are not welcome. Only today 2 support workers brought along a person to cycle who is noisy and takes a bit of time to settle in, they said they had been made to feel very unwelcome at another cycling project.

Lots of the parents and families of our members come along and enjoy cycling together, if you have fun doing an activity together that's respite. We encourage siblings to cycle with us and they enjoy our specialised cycles, so it's a positive experience because of disability. We have velo cycles which are trikes with a platform for people who cannot

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transfer from their wheelchair, so they are included. With a range of specialised cycles it's

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possible to include everyone whatever their particular needs.

To ensure inclusion it's essential to have people working who have experience of people with disabilities.'

Jo Roach, Pedal Power

01.1 Inclusion Enabling the Cycle

to be inclusive we must be more specific

being more specific makes it more exclusive

My Inclusive Design Definition: I think that inclusive design within architecture is about considering different people’s needs through creating/designing environments that enable as many different types of bodies as possible to navigate, engage, enjoy and fully participate in a space. Rather than treating disability as a problem that needs to be ‘fixed’, inclusive design can only be achieved if the designer collaborates with disabled users within the design process where their lived experiences are considered. This process aims to breakdown the three key barriers disabled people face; visibility, access and funding.

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01.2 barriers and Models of disability Barriers

what are the key Barriers for disabled people IN SPORT?

Visibility:

The disabled body is not seen in mainstream sport other than the

Paralympics once every 4 years

Access:

Access requirements/Specific equipment is required which is not

currently universal Funding:

Specific spaces/equipment/training is required which is more

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expensive

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Thesaurus of Disabled showing ableist views

01.2 barriers and Models of disability Medical and Social Model

The EcologicalEnactive Model of Disability

This model highlights the lived experience of disability by distinguishing between pathological, and normal forms of embodiment.

Disability is framed as a social cultural barriers. Disability requires a universalised

The Social Model of Disability

design approach that prioritises inclusion of all members of society. Disability is viewed as a human rights issue, in a world without barriers disability would not exist.

Disability is framed as a biological deficit that disables an individual. Disability required medical cure. Disability requires

The Medical Model of Disability

individual adaptation to enable active participation within the world. Disability requires individual adaptation to enable active participation within the world.

Disability is viewed as a tragic and undesirable state of being, generating pity.

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02 context

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02.1 history of the bicycle The Human Powered Machine

cycling history The major evolution of the bicycle was in 1861, in Paris, Pierre Michaux a French Blacksmith attached pedals and cranks to the front wheel of a dandy horse to create the ‘velocipede’, enabling mechanically transmitted leg power - a game changer.

The bicycle has since evolved through many design iterations to create standardised bicycles which are governed by the UCI - The Union Cycliste Internationale. This

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standardisation excludes disabled bodies from participating in the sport.

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02.1 history of the bicycle The Human Powered Machine

The Bicycle Tour, Science Museum

Velocipede, Birth of the Bike 1937

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02.2 herne hill velodrome The Grassroots of Track Cycling

the velodrome Herne Hill Velodrome was built in 1891 and is one of the oldest tracks in the world. The 1948 Olympics were held there. The velodrome is one of the most iconic, engaging and complex sporting arenas of our time.

The track was born from the authorities disapproving attitude towards the cyclist, a proposed change to the Highway Act in 1878 would have made cycling illegal. Though this law was not changed police actively harassed cyclists, charging on horseback and throwing truncheons into wheels.

The closed circuit had better surfaces, in private, without the interference of the police,

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the velodrome formed a community and gave the opportunity for spectator sport.

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02.2 herne hill velodrome The Grassroots of Track Cycling

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02.2 herne hill velodrome The Grassroots of Track Cycling

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Herne Hill Velodrome 1956

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02.2 herne hill velodrome The Grassroots of Track Cycling

Good Friday Meeting Poster, 1945

Visit to Southwark Archive Ordinance Survey on January 14th, 1970s

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02.2 herne hill velodrome Timeline

1900s

1890

The first houses are built on Burbage Road, with more added on surrounding roads over the following decades, gradually surrounding the track and creating an oasis of open space

Construction of a new cycle track as part of the London County Cycling and Athletics Ground begins. It is built on the site of the former dairy farm, on land owned by the Dulwich Estate, established

by Elizabethan actor Edward Alleyn.

1890s & 1900s Paced cycle racers are the fastest men on earth. Huge crowds flock to see riders paced by multi-manned Tandems reaching speeds up to 55mph

1890s

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Popularity of bicycles booms with the invention of the Safety Bicycle and pneumatic tyre.

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1880s

23rd may 1891

Road racing on bicycles is outlawed, with residents of sleepy villages outraged by noisy groups of furious peddlers The National Cyclist's Union ask its clubs to restrict racing to closed tracks Other riders continue to race on roads in secretive, early morning individual TTs.

Official public opening race meeting.

16th April 1891 The first race is held, contested by memebers of the London County Cycling and Athletics Club.

april 1903 The first annual season-opening Good Friday meeting is held, attracting a field of international champions. This was the same year as the first Tour de France.

02.2 herne hill velodrome Timeline

1948

1914-18 Racing temporarily declines as involvement in the First World War discourages sport as a distraction against the war effort. Most able men are gradually conscripted and many return as causalities.

Herne Hill hosts the first Olympics since the war, known as the 'Austerity Games'. The British Team win 2 silvers in the individual and Tandem Sprint, and 2 bronzes in the 1000m Time Trial and Team Pursuit. Herne Hill is the only surviving sports venue from the 1948 Olympics.

1911 FA Amateur Cup final is held at Herne Hill between Bromley and Bishop Aucklan.

1939-45 Herne Hill used as a barrage balloon site and all allotments during the Second World War. Competitive sport dwindles during the war, and few races still happening at other tracks in London are used as fund-raisers for the war effort.

1945

september 1908 The first annual season-closing Meeting of Champions which ran over 50 years.

The track is resurfaced and weeds cleared after years of neglect. The National Cyclists' Union takes on the lease of the velodrome from the Peacock family. The Good Friday meeting is the first public event, just a month before VE day. The official Grand Reopening meeting was held later on 23rd June.

1936 The first Monday Competition is held, featuring races for local sprinters. It featured two categories for different abilities of rider and would later extend to include distance events and a Wednesday Comp too. Top local amateurs would be invited to compete against the professional at the spectator-filled weekend events.

1959 London County Council takes on the lease of the track. The professional spectacle of track cycling begins to wane, as road racing is finally permitted again. Herne Hill's focus shifts to community use. Over 10,000 school children use it each year throughout the 1960s.

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02.2 herne hill velodrome Timeline

1964 Velo Club Londres is established as the first club in the area to provide racing opportunities for under 18s.

1992 Herne Hill completely remodelled with funding from the Sports Council. The track shape and size changes to a slightly shorter 45om with even length straights and curves, steeper 26 degree banking and a white epoxyresin surface.

1990 The GLC and inner London Educational Authority are disbanded and the lease of Herne Hill transfers to Southwark Council and eventually their leisure provider, Fusion.

2001

Herne Hill Youth Cycling Club is established to offer off-road cycling sessions for children.

1992 Chris Boardman wins British Cycling's first cycling Olympic gold medal in 72 years at the Barcelona Olympics and interest in track cycling starts to renew, ahead of a gold medal rush, starting the following decade.

1993

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The first ever public cyclo-cross race at Herne Hill.

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1970 A new velodrome is built in Leicester ahead of the World Championships. This marks the beginning of the transition for velodrome standards towards tracks that are smaller wooden and eventually housed indoors.

5th August 2005 A deal is struck with British Cycling taking on a temporary lease. The velodrome is managed on their behalf by a team of volunteers from VCL Londres, with the vision 'run by cyclists, for cyclists of all ages and abilities'

02.2 herne hill velodrome Timeline

1st january 2005

march 2017

A decade of low usage numbers and poor upkeep mean the lease is not renewed. The track gates are locked and the pavilion declared derelict. Special permission is granted for the Good Friday meeting.

2013

october 2010 The Save the Velodrome campaign launched with the aim of securing a sustainable future for Herne Hill.

Junior track multi-use games area and perimeter lighting and built, through Southwark's Olympic Legacy Fund. This is the first time Herne Hill has been lit since the pre-war gas lamps.

Funded by Sport England, London Marathon Trust, Mayor's Fund and Southwark Council, the new pavilion is opened. This restores Herne Hill as a fit fr purpose venue, to serve its vibrant and thriving community.

2008 After the Beijing Olympic success in track cycling, Herne Hill has new riders wanting to try out the track.

november 2011 Funding for British Cycling replaces the cracking and slippery track surface with an all weather tarmac one, as well as installing a new, safer track fence.

2012 London hosts 2012 Olympics and Team GB achieves it most successful medal haul since 190. 12 0f those medals come through cycling, with 7 golds in the track cycling events at the new velodrome in Stratford. While not hosting any events this time; Herne Hill features prominently in news reports and promotion, and again sees a massive surge in new riders wanting to try track cycling.

2016 99 year Lease is signed with the Dulwich Estate securing the future of the site.

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02.3 The Race track The Track Then

Herne Hill Velodrome 1945

02.3 The Race track The Track Then

Herne Hill Velodrome, Good Friday Meeting 1945

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02.4 site analysis Entrance

Entry Hidden from the street, Herne Hill Velodrome is unknown to many now.

Entering through a gap between the houses, the location of the track is interesting as it contrasts to the surrounding domestic space, the relationship between the velodrome and the neighbourhood is difficult as the houses are now worth millions so the residents don’t want to hear any noise. Even though the velodrome came first.

The track has a rich and undulating history, the site has gone into dereliction three times due to lack of money and insecurity about the venue’s lease. However many world hour records have been broken there and many cycling champions produced.

The site is owned by Dulwich estate, a charity who in 2016 agreed to a 99 year lease with British cycling and the Herne Hill Velodrome Trust.

The community are key to this understated place, they work tirelessly to make the space inclusive for all, making sessions free for minority groups. However the track is still seen as an exclusive space.

How could an architectural intervention on the site support the communities aim to

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create inviting and inclusive spaces for minority groups?

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02.4 site analysis Journey to the Site

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02.4 site analysis

In and Around the Site

02.4 site analysis In and Around the Site

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02.4 site analysis

In and Around the Site

02.4 site analysis Relation to the City

Drone Footage, 26th February 2022

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02.4 site analysis Whole Site

collecting data Over the course of the project I have visited the site weekly both to collect data in the form of film and photography footage, drone footage, scanning data and to use the track myself. I have immersed myself in the three areas of space; the clubhouse, the

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velodrome and the forest.

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02.4 site analysis On Site Analysis

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02.4 site analysis On Site Analysis

collecting data Over many weekends I collected scanned data of the track. However, I found since that I would have to manually align each scan, (I took over 200) I realised this was an unachievable goal in the limited time of the project as I needed to work on the proposals. I plan to align the data and give it to the Herne Hill Velodrome Trust where potentially a model of the site could be made.

I have used the scans to analyse spaces when design and to build my own simplified

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3D model of the site.

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02.4 site analysis On Site Analysis

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02.4 site analysis Analysis Diagrams

Rugged common land

The Disciplined Track

The Changing/ Meeting/Store Accommodation

The Entrance/

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Herne Hill Velodrome and Surrounding Deconstructed

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02.4 site analysis Analysis Diagrams

Spectator

The Finish Line

Draft

White Line defines the length of the track - fastest line

Madison Power

Scratch Performer

The Velodrome Diagram

Home

Points

Recover Wide Light Blue Line - ‘Cote D’Azur’ - inside of track, riders are not allowed to race here

The

Winner Speed

Sweat Red Line Sprinter’s Line - The line between white and red is the optimum racing line

Warm Up Area Derny

Stand

Chant

Dark Blue Line -’Stayers Line’ separation line between resting and active rider in Madison

Fuelling Rest

The Pursuit Line

Elimination Max Effort

Attack

Shallower banking

Kieren

Steepest Banking

Shout

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02.5 contrasting spaces The Forest

the forest The site has two contrasting areas, the structured and disciplined track, and the overgrown, rugged common land. This area has many small abandoned buildings, gravel tracks for cycling, and a forest nursery use the site in the week. This land has a shorter lease to the HHV Trust and is treated in affect as common land, having many previous

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uses.

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02.5 CONTRASTING SPACES The Forest

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02.5 contrasting spaces The Forest

03 body The Bicycle, Disabled Community and Mechanics

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03.1 oVERVIEW Standardisation

The Issue: Standardisation The bicycle is the most energy efficient standardised machine, which has been designed around the ‘standard’ body (typically the average male body), within architecture we design around anthropometric data of the standard body as shown through drawings of the body from the Architect’s Pocket Book.

Breaking down the three areas of human contact on the bicycle for the non-disabled,

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exposes the rigid and exclusive nature of the bicycle.

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Anthropometric Data used to Design the Bicycle, Plan and Elevation

03.1 oVERVIEW Standardisation

Analysing Bicycle Components Elevation

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03.1 OVERVIEW Adjustment

The Proposal: Adjustment We must begin to subvert the mechanics of the machine to include the disabled body, who has different movements and actions.

The cycle fit machine critiques how we design for the ‘standard’ body by expressing potential adjustments in components to allow for any type of body to have a cycle fit to them.

The three points of contact are adjustable to fit in any configuration where different

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elements can be added, such as handle bars, seats and pedals.

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03.1 OVERVIEW Adjustment

The Bicycle Fitting Machine Plan and Elevation

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03.2 bicycles Tricycle, Side by Side, Tandem, Handcycle, Recumbent...

cycles The standardisation of the bicycle is so engrained into our society that we will refer to any type of cycle as a bike/bicycle, without thinking that we are only referring to a two-wheeled cycle. Through my research I have discovered the world of other cycles.

Wheels for Wheelbeing (the disabled cycling charity - see page 52) have every type of cycle you can imagine.

Tricycle/Trike - three wheeled cycle Tandom - form of bicycle designed to be ridden by more than one person Side by Side - a bicycle that supports two riders who sit next to one another Handcycle - a three-wheeled cycle propelled by the arms rather than the legs

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Recumbent - a type of cycle that is used in a reclined position

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03.2 bicycles Tricycle, Side by Side, Tandem, Handcycle, Recumbent...

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03.2 bicycles Tricycle, Side by Side, Tandem, Handcycle, Recumbent...

different types of cycles to consider: Tricycle Tandem Hand-cycle Recumbent Wheelchair Tandem Cargo Bike E-cycle Trailer Bike Tag Along

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Bicycle

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Wheelchair Tandem

Tricycle

Bicycle

03.2 bicycles Tricycle, Side by Side, Tandem, Handcycle, Recumbent...

Tandem

Recumbent

Cargo Bicycle

Handcycle

Trailer Tricycle

E-bicycle

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03.2 bicycles Tricycle, Side by Side, Tandem, Handcycle, Recumbent...

Paracycling The paralympics have given disabled sport a presence in the public realm. Celebrating the disabled body in sport. However, the categorisation of the disabled body has

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caused difficulties due to comparison of bodies in sport.

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03.2 bicycles Tricycle, Side by Side, Tandem, Handcycle, Recumbent...

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Wheels for Wellbeing

wheels for wellbeing I have joined the Wheels for Wellbeing session on many occasions and they fortunately agreed to some filming in the session on Thursday 2nd December. During the session I spoke to many of the disabled cyclists and joined them riding round the inner track at the velodrome.

I interviewed Tre whilst riding around the track with him, he joins the session every

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Thursday and tends to ride the yellow hand-cycle.

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Wheels for Wellbeing

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Wheels for Wellbeing

wheels for wellbeing The final session was based on skills and how to use gears, I discovered that many of the riders struggled to change gear, due primarily to arthritis. This takes me back to Aaron Williamson’s description of the able body, 'yet-to-be-disabled', as eventually age

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will disable us.

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Wheels for Wellbeing

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Merton Sports and Social Club for Visually Impaired People

merton sports and social club Throughout the year I have joined a visually impaired cycling club's group rides and joined as a member On Sunday 5th December I rode on the back of a tandem as a stoker.

Since then I have learnt how to pilot a tandem with help from Terry, who is a visually impaired cyclist. I have been on many group rides with Terry and will continue to cycle with them, I am currently organising a group ride with my local cycling club, Brixton

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Cycles to try to gain more pilots as they are constantly in need.

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Merton Sports and Social Club for Visually Impaired People

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Pedal Power

pedal power I have visited Pedal Power in Finsbury Park a number of times. I have had insightful discussions with Jo Roach who is the founder and coordinator. Her thoughts and opinions on inclusivity are forming the basis on my proposal.

Similar to Wheels for Wellbeing, the charity own a number of different types of cycles that will suit all. The wheelchair tandem is the most inclusive machine because

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someone who is immobile can still experience the joy of cycling.

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Pedal Power

The Most Inclusive Cycle - The Wheelchair Tandem

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03.3 disabled cycling engagement Pedal Power

03.3 disabled cycling engagement Pedal Power

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03.4 standardised machine Human Powered Machine

the machine The major breakthrough of the human powered machine was mechanical transmitted leg power, making us the most energy efficient animal ever.

This further concentrated the bicycle on speed, efficiency and racing, producing the most energy efficient standardised machine.

Breaking down these bicycle elements for the non-disabled body. Then beginning to manipulate the bicycle and the mechanics, exposes the rigid and exclusive nature of the bicycle.

And through this how we must begin to subvert the mechanics of the machine to include the disabled body, who has different movements and actions.

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Could this subversion lead to a playful, adaptable and flexible architecture?

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03.4 standardised machine Human Powered Machine

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03.4 standardised machine Human Powered Machine

Three points of contact and rigidity

03.4 standardised machine Human Powered Machine

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03.5 adjustable architecture?

Bike Frame as a Tool to Explore Adjustability

03.5 adjustable architecture?

Bike Frame as a Tool to Explore Adjustability

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03.6 kinetic cycles Kinetics as a Tool to Explore Productivity

Repetition The repetitive spinning of the pedals The repetitive revolution of the wheel The repetitive cycle of the track The repetitive whirling of the zoetrope

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The repetitive barriers disabled people face

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03.6 kinetic cycles Kinetics as a Tool to Explore Productivity

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03.7 the zoetrope Breaking Down Movements to Destabilise the Familiar

physical animation The zoetrope is one of the first forms of animation in physical form, it can be used as a tool to breakdown the movement of the non-disabled body.

Breaking down the familiar, universal movement of riding a bicycle alienates and destabilises the everyday actions we do without thinking, making the non-disabled bodies aware that from a disability point of view, this cycling action may be performed

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differently or not at all.

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03.7 the zoetrope Breaking Down Movements to Destabilise the Familiar

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03.7 the zoetrope Breaking Down Movements to Destabilise the Familiar

physical animation Exploring the kinetic repetitive cycle of the bicycle expresses the continuous need for speed and productiveness in our society.

Can subverting the cycle radically transform how we design space to be inclusive for disabled

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bodies?

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03.7 the zoetrope Breaking Down Movements to Destabilise the Familiar

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03.7 the zoetrope Breaking Down Movements to Destabilise the Familiar

03.7 the zoetrope Breaking Down Movements to Destabilise the Familiar

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03.8 Movement EXPERIMENTS Body Movements

Movement I experimented creating a set, where I used a long exposure to show the range of movements of the body, using ropes to show this movement. I decided the work could

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be seen as trying to restrict my body and disable myself which I didn't intend to do.

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03.8 Movement EXPERIMENTS Body Movements

I experimented with the limit of movement, through looking at the continuous spinning top toy, and how this could be limited to show the range of the human body, as no part can turn 360 degrees. I decided that limits should not be explored when designing for disability.

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3.9 STORYLINE The Meeting of Two Characters

CONTRASTING CHARACTERS To explore the issue of how we treat accessibility within the built environment I created a storyline where two contrasting characters met to create proposals to make the site accessible.

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The characters meeting were the mechanical engineer and the access consultant.

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3.9 STORYLINE Storyboard

Link to Film

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3.9 STORYLINE

The Meeting of Two Characters

3.9 STORYLINE The Meeting of Two Characters

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3.9 STORYLINE

The Meeting of Two Characters

3.9 STORYLINE The Meeting of Two Characters

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3.10 the mechanical engineer 56a Bikespace

56a bikespace I have made multiple visits to 56a Bikespace where I engaged directly with mechanics and cyclists. A space for do-it-yourself repairs and it is run solely by volunteers. There is also an anarchist bookshop attached. This space has become the basis for the

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character of the mechanical engineer and the mechanical intervention on the site.

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3.10 the mechanical engineer 56a Bikespace

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3.10 the mechanical engineer 56a Bikespace

3.10 the mechanical engineer 56a Bikespace

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3.10 the mechanical engineer The Character

the character Through engaging directly with the mechanical industry I decided to create a character of the mechanical engineer, to design inclusive architecture through their eyes.

The potential for elements to adjust was a key aspect to the mechanical intervention

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and the design was inspired by the bicycle.

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3.10 the mechanical engineer The Character

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3.10 the mechanical engineer The Character

3.10 the mechanical engineer The Character

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

testing Initial tests explored the potential for the track on the velodrome to adjust in height to allow complete access to all cyclists. Inspirations came from traditional draw bridge designs. These tests were initially made with card, foam-board, floss and lego.

However, they developed into the 1:10 model made from bicycle components and

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MDF.

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

hoists Movement through mechanics was explored through the potential of lifts to enable

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people to move around the site. I took inspiration from ski chair lifts and drag lifts.

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

hoists I explored the potential of animating hoists which could lift people to their seat in the

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stands, and from the edge of the track to the centre.

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3.11 mechanical intervention Testing

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3.11 mechanical intervention 1:10 Model

3.11 mechanical intervention 1:10 Model

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3.11 mechanical intervention 1:10 Model

Link to Film

04 room Changing Facilities, Legislation and Access Consultancy

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4.1 overview Lack of Space

The Issue: Lack of Space Part M of the Building Regulations; Access to and Use of Buildings are the current standards that Architect’s use, to make a building ‘accessible’.

At the room scale, the drawings explore the current standards for accessible changing facilities which are in the existing clubhouse, these drawings show how the current standards are the bare minimum and are not fully accessible, due to the lack of space

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and lack of equipment such as hoists.

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4.1 overview Lack of Space

Analysing the Existing Clubhouse ‘Accessible’ Changing Facilities Plan and Section

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4.1 overview Increase Space

The Proposal: Increase Space The bare minimum ‘accessible’ changing facilities Part M of the Building Regulations; Access to and Use of Buildings are appraised and superseded by new standards of fully accessible changing facilities which have more space, colour contrasting elements, hoists, turn tables and a floor which can adjust in height. More of these facilities must be

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incorporated into sport facilities.

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4.1 overview Increase Space

New Standard of Accessible Changing Facilities Plan and Section

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4.2 access consultancy Meeting

meeting Judi Judi is has a background in interior design and is an access and inclusive design consultant. It's best practice to bring the access consultant at brief stage, however, she is primarily brought onto a project at building control stage on site. This means access audits happen later and changes will have to made at a cost implication.

We discussed the main access elements which come into place: Door handles- ergonomics Door frame contrast Wayfinders Visually contrasting wall and floor Staff - disability awareness trained Accessible toilets near entrance Disabled parking Power assisted doors We discussed the legislation - which was on her desk! She always refers to it and takes it to site: Equality Act 2010 Building Regs - Part K,M and B BS Standards Fire Regulatory Reform 2005 - PEEPs are currently outdated.

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RNIB

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CAE

4.2 access consultancy Meeting

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4.1 current standards British Standards Vs Building Regs

access consultancy course I have undertaken the Access Consultancy RIBA course. I found the course interesting but as I expected it, where all of the different regulations were run through. I now feel that I could work as an access consultant but I feel the RIBA sees the issue of disability and the built environment as a problem that can be 'fixed' through the regulations

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alone.

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4.1 current standards British Standards Vs Building Regs

PRACTICE STANDARDS The building industry currently follows the bare minimum regulations in order to make a building 'accessible' and 'safe'. These standards are not fit for purpose and are not fully accessible because they work to minimum dimensions and requirements.

Part M refers to access to and use of buildings, whilst Part K refers to fire safety. Neither are sufficient for the disabled body.

The British Standards BS8300 accessible and inclusive environments have improved guidance, but there is no requirement to currently use them in practice. These standards must be critiqued and changed.

This has led to the creation of the Mobility Justice Strategy (page 119).

British Standards BS8300

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4.1 current standards British Standards Vs Building Regs

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Building Regulations Part M and K

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mobility justice strategy a guide to herne hill velodrome’s testing ground for inclusive cycling infrastructure

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4.2 mobility justice Inclusion

MY Inclusive design definition I believe it is about considering different people’s needs through creating/designing environments that enable as many different types of bodies as possible to navigate, engage, enjoy and fully participate in a space. Rather than treating disability as a problem that needs to be ‘fixed’, inclusive design can only be achieved if the designer collaborates with other engaged parties and disabled users at the start of the design process, where their lived experiences are considered. This process aims to breakdown the three key barriers disabled people face; visibility, access and funding.

Competition: Track Inclusion: Meeting Place Empower: Spectator’s Stand Connect: Access Routes

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Subvert: Changing/Personal Facilities

120

4.2 mobility justice Building Regulations

Critiquing part m The current Part M Building Regulation standards, Access to and use of buildings is a bare minimum standard. An example is shown below in how the ‘accessible’ toilets are not fully inclusive as they are not large enough and not all can use them. The diagram below critiques these minimum standards and asks why we don’t have to follow current best practice which is British Standards BS8300.

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4.2 mobility justice Building Regulations

Critiquing part b Part B Building Regulation standards, Fire Safety is no better. An example is shown below in how the current system for fire evacuation fails to protect disabled people, wheelchair users are left at refuge points which are not large enough, unsafe and terrifying for the person who is left there. The diagram below critiques these minimum

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standards and asks why these standards are not improving.

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4.2 mobility justice Entry

Disabled Parking and Entry Accessible Parking should be located close to the entrance of a building, that route to and within the building should be accessible. 1.2m area should be given to the side and rear of the car to allow space for a person to move out of the car and into a wheelchair.

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4.2 mobility justice Way-finding

floor and wall textures There should be a change in floor/wall texture to help people navigate and access a building. These way-finders can be subtle but create clear access. The planning of spaces in a building should be clearly laid out, with clear sight lines, so the end user

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can orientate themselves easily.

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4.2 mobility justice Contrast

visual contrast An Alzheimer’s studies have shown that contrasting colours are required for the door and door frame, and floor and wall, to have a 30 point in LRV difference. This helps assist people in navigating and negotiating environments they may not be familiar with.

Best contrasting colours: Dark Blue and Light Yellow Dark Red and Light Green

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4.2 mobility justice Ergonomics

Door handles Accessible ironmongery is required so that someone can open , close and lock a door with a closed fist. This requirement is often missed as door knobs are very inaccessible.

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Automatic and power assisted doors should also be used for main entrance ways.

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4.2 mobility justice Personal Facilities

Accessible Facilities The drawings below show the best practice accessible toilet and the other is a shower/ change/toilet. These designs should become mandatory within Building Regulations and not just current best practice in the British Standards BS8300, as they are rarely used unless and access consultant is incorporated early into the project.

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05 building Different Aspects of Industry

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5.1 overview Hierarchy of Space

The Issue: Hierarchy of space The current clubhouse only has one accessible changing facility which is also the toilet and shower, the rest of the ground floor is not fully accessible.

The stand is inaccessible and the only accessible viewing part is obstructed by a rail for a wheelchair user.

5.1 overview Hierarchy of Space

Male Personal Facilities

Female Personal Facilities

Steps

‘Step Free’ Access

‘Accessible’ Personal Facilities

Existing Clubhouse Plans, Section and Elevation

0

4

8

12m

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5.1 overview Remove Hierarchy

The Proposal: Remove Hierarchy A new clubhouse is proposed which displays the building industry’s discrimination through only incorporating accessible facilities which have been explored at the body and room scale. The design is centred around the table creating a conversation circle with no hierarchy and clear sight lines.

5.1 overview Remove Hierarchy

Accessible Personal Facilities

Ramped and Hydraulic Lift Access

Redesigned Clubhouse Plans, Section and Elevation

0

4

8

12m

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5.1 hhv architect Meeting with Hopkins

meeting with Mike Taylor On November 19th I met with Mike Taylor, Principle Architect from Hopkins who was the lead Architect for both the Herne Hill Stadium and Lee Valley Olympic Velodrome.

We discussed all of the different sketch scheme for HHV stadium. Funding was an issue which made the design change multiple times to create something more compact and therefore less accessible.

He also expressed how they won the Olympic velodrome was through making their

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whole pitch about cycling, the competitors and the spectators.

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Third and Final Scheme

5.1 hhv architect Meeting with Hopkins

First Scheme

Second Scheme

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5.1 hhv architect Meeting with Hopkins

existing 'accessibility' We discussed how the project met the building regulation standards (the bare minimum), containing one 'accessible' wc/shower/changing room and there was a lift

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and ramps where appropriate.

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5.1 hhv architect Meeting with Hopkins

Access Statement

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5.1 hhv architect Meeting with Hopkins

lee valley Olympic velodrome Mike presented all of the Lee Valley Velodrome models to me, showing the initial design concept of the roof 'floating' above the track, which managed to remain through the project. The whole project is orientated around cycling and the building is inspired by cycling.

Key pitch idea: 'You have to think of the Olympics as the house warming party, you don't want to design

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the building for the party, you want to design the velodrome for afterwards'.

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5.1 hhv architect Meeting with Hopkins

Olympic Velodrome Models

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5.2 the proposed clubhouse Initial Ideas

Initial ideas I explored many different options for making the velodrome inclusive through redesigning the clubhouse. I proposed options of there being a separate clubhouse and track, however this would cause a divide between disabled and non-disabled cyclists and a lack of visibility.

I also experimented with the whole site becoming the clubhouse, however the close proximity of facilities is so important, so the footprint of the building needs to be kept reasonably compact.

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Initial Concept Sketches

140

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Initial Ideas

Existing Site

Clear Forest

Remove Derelict Buildings

Flatten Site

New Clubhouse and Track

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5.2 the proposed clubhouse Schedule of Accommodation

The Stands

A place where all can spectate

The Clubhouse

Building Critiquing Legislation

A place where all gather together

Mechanical Interventions Spatial Interventions

Meeting Rooms/ Personal Facilities/ Kitchen

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Inclusive Cycling and Mobility Justice Research Centre

142

Ease of Navigation and Access to all Areas, designed for all forms of disability: - Auditory - Visual - Cognitive/Neurological - Speech - Physical

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Schedule of Accommodation

Disabled community

Community

Working and Local community Urban Transport Designers

The Forest

Prioritise the disabled body in the design and access of the space Engage with non-racing and racing events at the velodrome, walks/cycles through the site Take part in workshops

Accessible Pathways

Lifts to Allow for Full Accessibility

Velodrome

Landscape

Making all of the Space Accessible and NonHierarchical

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5.2 the proposed clubhouse Design Around the Table

design around inclusion When designing the clubhouse I combined the knowledge I had learnt from critiquing legislation, spatial intervention and mechanical intervention.

I began the process by designing around the central table, this table was circular to remove hierarchy and allow for clear sightlines around the table, which is particularly helpful for deaf individuals who may need to lip-read. The table could also change in height to allow for different types of bodies rather than designing for the standard alone.

Altogether, the table was split into pieces to allow for different heights, size and arrangements.

Link to Stop-

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Motion Film

144

Conversation Circle

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Design Around the Table

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146

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Design Around the Table

Mechanical Adjustment

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Design Around the Table

Wayfinding

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148

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Site Sketches

Expressing the Building at One Level

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Building Design

Experimenting with Levels - Calculating Ramp Gradients

Working with the Site Lines

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5.2 the proposed clubhouse Site Sketches

Site Intigration

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Building Design

Combining Knowledge from Mechanics, Space and Legislation

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5.2 the proposed clubhouse Combining Different Aspects of Industry

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Mechanics

152

Legislation

Space

5.2 the proposed clubhouse Combining Different Aspects of Industry

Mechanics

Legislation

Space

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5.2 the proposed clubhouse Overall Design

design around inclusion The new clubhouse at Herne Hill Velodrome is proposed which combines different aspects of industry; engaging the disabled user, the mechanic, the architect and the access consultant. The clubhouse is designed around the entrance and approach to the central table.

The table dictates the shape of the central atrium, where a circular ramp leads to the cycle fitting machines, mobility justice library, personal facilities, viewing stands and coaches offices.

The mechanical aspect is incorporated through hydraulic platforms both within the table and the space, whilst the canvas roof can be adjusted for changes in sunlight and ventilation. New standards of access legislation is adhered to through changing and

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toilet sizes, ergonomics, wayfinders and ramp gradients.

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5.2 the proposed clubhouse Overall Design

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10.3 design collaboration Drawing Accessibility

design through touch Throughout the project I have engaged with Merton Sports and Social Club, a cycling club for visually impaired people. Over the course of the project I have taken my drawings and model iterations to the rides. I have received feedback on both the design and how I present the work to them.

I tested cutting the paper and stitching on paper to make the drawings fully accessible.

The final drawing produced was an embossed plan which was made by creating a photo etching and blind embossing the plate with etching paper.

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Link to Film

156

10.3 design collaboration Drawing Accessibility

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10.3 design collaboration Design Through Touch

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Drawing for Embossed Plan

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10.3 design collaboration Design Through Touch

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10.3 design collaboration Design Through Touch

10.3 design collaboration Design Through Touch

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10.3 design collaboration Design Through Touch

06 site Spatial Retrofit and Master-planning

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164

6.1 overview Lack of Access

The Issue: Lack of Access The velodrome is not fully accessible as only the central part can be used by disabled cyclists. The ramped banking can only be used by non-disabled cyclists.

0

20

40

Accessible Track

Existing Site Plan

60m

6.1 overview Lack of Access

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166

6.1 overview Creating Access

The Proposal: Creating Access The issue of access is expressed through the site becoming wheelchair accessible through ramps and landings. The Velodrome is made adjustable through hydraulics and mechanics to make the whole area accessible for disabled cyclists.

0

20

40

Accessible Track

Proposed Site Plan

60m

6.1 overview Creating Access

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06.2 the access consultant The Character

the character The character of the access consultant analyses how the whole site can become accessible through retrofitting. The scheme here highlights how when disability is thought about after the design process, it becomes very difficult to create access that is elegant.

Though the design references the social model of disability, the work was created digitally which highlights the potential disconnection to the embodied and lived experience of

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disabled people.

168

06.2 the access consultant The Character

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06.3 spatial retrofit Site Options

Subverting the Cycle

THE FOREST

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NEW ENTRANCE

170

06.3 spatial retrofit Site Options

Emma NayRE-ESTABLISHED ENTRANCE

THE VELODROME

THE club house

eXISTING ENTRANCE

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06.3 spatial retrofit Existing Site

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Overall Existing Site

172

Existing Clubhouse

06.3 spatial retrofit Existing Site

Existing Track

Existing Forest

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06.3 spatial retrofit

Access Consultant's Scheme

06.3 spatial retrofit Access Consultant's Scheme

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06.3 spatial retrofit

Access Consultant's Scheme

06.3 spatial retrofit Access Consultant's Scheme

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06.3 spatial retrofit

Mechanic's Initial Scheme

06.3 spatial retrofit Mechanic's Initial Scheme

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06.4 overlaying Schemes Combined

Schemes combined When the schemes are combined, it clearly highlights the negative aspects of them as they become confusing. The access consultant's scheme expresses the 'make do' style of the retrofit that is an afterthought. Whilst the mechanic's scheme expresses the over

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design.

180

06.4 overlaying Schemes Combined

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06.4 overlaying Scales Combined

body/room I experimented using the accessible cycling components to analyse, appraise and explore how accessible environments can be created at different scales. However, I found the drawings difficult to decipher which therefore made them more inaccessible.

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The experiment on the right shows the body and room scale overlaid.

182

Existing Body/Room

06.4 overlaying Scales Combined

Proposed Body/Room

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184

06.4 overlaying Scales Combined

body/building

Existing Body/Building

06.4 overlaying Scales Combined

Proposed Body/Building

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06.4 overlaying Scales Combined

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Existing Body/Site

186

Proposed Body/Site

07 city My Future Practice Strategy

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07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

future practice Cripping Practice radically transforms the ethics of architecture practices through understanding and embracing the social and ecological-enactive model of disability, in which ‘unruly’ bodies are disabled by conditions outside of themselves, conditions which create social exclusion, and which have been set up and created by society at large.

Disability is not their problem, it is our problem, it is society’s problem, because we as a society are the ones who have created social exclusion for disabled people.

Cripping Practice confronts the three main barriers disabled people face by ableism: visibility, access and funding. This is achieved through prioritising the disabled body in employment and education.

The new standards require public engagement with disabled people early in the design process, working with access consultants and improved standards throughout the RIBA Plan of Work and public consultations after completion to improve future work.

The conversation created around the circular table I have made is both the base of investigation in the field of inclusion design and is the beginning of my future practice

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strategy.

188

k

:

ly r

07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

The RIBA Plan of Work organises the process of briefing, designing, delivering, maintaining, operating and using a building into eight stages. It is a framework for all disciplines on construction projects and should be used solely as guidance for the preparation of detailed professional services and building contracts.

0

1

2

3

4

5

Strategic Definition

Preparation and Briefing

Concept Design

Spatial Coordination

Technical Design

Manufacturing and Construction Handover

Stage Outcome

The best means of achieving the Client Requirements confirmed

Project Brief approved by the client and confirmed that it can be accommodated on the site

at the end of the stage

kes

al

g to after and e d. ntly or

d nd ed old has

be ld eam ables

e.

– e for f be ate e

k

:

ly r

rlap me

kes

al

g to after and e d. ntly or

d nd ed old has

be ld eam ables

e.

– e for f be ate e

Core Tasks

Prepare Client Requirements

during the stage

Develop Business Case for feasible options including review of Project Risks and Project Budget

Project Strategies might include: – Conservation (if applicable) – Cost – Fire Safety – Health and Safety – Inclusive Design – Planning – Plan for Use – Procurement – Sustainability See RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview for detailed guidance on Project Strategies

Core Statutory Processes

Ratify option that best delivers Client Requirements

Prepare Project Brief including Project Outcomes and Sustainability Outcomes, Quality Aspirations and Spatial Requirements Undertake Feasibility Studies Agree Project Budget

Architectural Concept approved by the client and aligned to the Project Brief

Architectural and engineering information Spatially Coordinated

The brief remains “live” during Stage 2 and is derogated in response to the Architectural Concept

Agree Project Brief Derogations

Source Site Information including Site Surveys

Undertake Site Appraisals

Prepare Project Programme

Undertake Design Reviews with client and Project Stakeholders

Prepare Project Execution Plan

Prepare stage Design Programme

Undertake Design Studies, Engineering Analysis and Cost Exercises to test Architectural Concept resulting in Spatially Coordinated design aligned to updated Cost Plan, Project Strategies and Outline Specification

Planning Building Regulations Health and Safety (CDM)

Initiate Change Control Procedures Prepare stage Design Programme

Undertake review of Project Performance

Inspect Construction Quality

Rectify defects

Resolve Site Queries as required

Complete initial Aftercare tasks including light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

Undertake Commissioning of building

Building handover tasks bridge Stages 5 and 6 as set out in the Plan for Use Strategy

Submit Building Regulations Application

Carry out Construction Phase Plan

Prepare and submit Planning Application

Discharge precommencement Planning Conditions

Comply with Planning Conditions related to construction

Appoint client team

Appoint design team

Implement Facilities Management and Asset Management Undertake Post Occupancy Evaluation of building performance in use Verify Project Outcomes including Sustainability Outcomes

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Adaptation of a building (at the end of its useful life) triggers a new Stage 0

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Prepare Construction Phase Plan Submit form F10 to HSE if applicable Appoint

ER

Pre-contract services agreement

ER CP

contractor

CP

Appoint contractor

Appoint Facilities Management and Asset Management teams, and strategic advisers as needed

Appoint contractor

Project Brief

2

Project Brief Derogations

Signed off Stage Report

Manufacturing Information

Feasibility Studies

Signed off Stage Report

Project Strategies

Construction Information

Site Information

Project Strategies

Updated Outline Specification Spatial

Final Specifications

Preparation Project Budget

3

Concept Outline Specification

and Briefing Project Programme

Preferred bidder

Develop Business Case for feasible options including review of Project Risks and Project Budget Ratify option that best delivers Client Requirements

Prepare Project Brief including Project Outcomes and Sustainability Outcomes, Quality Aspirations and Spatial Requirements Undertake Feasibility Studies Agree Project Budget

Undertake Design Studies, Engineering Analysis and Cost Exercises to test Architectural Concept resulting in Spatially Coordinated design aligned to updated Cost Plan, Project Strategies and Outline Specification

Stage 4 will overlap with Stage 5 on most projects

6

7

Feedback on Project Performance

Feedback from Post Occupancy Evaluation

Final Certificate Feedback from light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

Updated Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety Information Use as necessary

Building handed over, Aftercare initiated and Building Contract concluded

Building used, operated and maintained efficiently © RIBA 2020

Develop architectural and engineering technical design

Systems information

Stage 7 starts concurrently with Stage 6 and lasts for the life of the building

There is no design work in Stage 5 other than responding to Site Queries

Finalise Site Logistics Manufacture Building Systems and construct building

Prepare andto coordinate Work with Access Consultant British Standards design team Building

Hand over building in line with Plan for Use Strategy Undertake review of Project Performance

Monitor progress against Construction Programme

8300, best practice standards for inclusive and Prepare and integrate Agree Project Brief

Undertake seasonal Commissioning

Inspect Construction Quality

Rectify defects

required

Complete initial Aftercare tasks including light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

Derogations

specialist subcontractor

Building Systems accessible design and use the Building Regulations Resolve Site Queries as as information

Undertake Site Appraisals

Prepare Project Programme

Undertake Design Reviews with client and Project Stakeholders

Prepare Project Execution Plan

Prepare stage Design Programme

Initiate Change Control Procedures

a minimum requirement, informing our own of Undertakeform Commissioning Programme Prepare stage Design Prepare stage Design

Programme

inclusive guidance.

Specialist subcontractor designs

No design team required for Stages 0 and 1. Client advisers may be appointed to the client team to provide strategic advice and design thinking before Stage 2 commences.

Planning Building Regulations Health and Safety (CDM)

Practical Completion Manufacturing certificate including Defects List and Construction

Information is required, verification tasks must be defined

Prepare Architectural Concept incorporating Strategic Engineering requirements and aligned to Cost Plan, Project Strategies and Outline Specification

Source Site Information including Site Surveys

Strategic appraisal of Planning considerations

Technical Residual Project Strategies

5

Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety Information

Architectural and engineering All design information Manufacturing, construction information Spatially required are to manufacture Commissioning Further guidance and detailed stage descriptions included in the RIBA Planand of Work 2020 Overview.

Coordinated and construct the project completed completed

response to the Architectural Concept

Review Feedback from previous projects

during the stage:

CP

Updated Cost Plan Design Coordination Design Handover Cost Plan Building Regulations Planning Application Application Asset Information Procurement Strategy Projects span from Stage 1 to Stage 6; the outcome of Stage 0 may be the decision to initiate a project and IfStage covers the ongoing use of the building.

Verified7Construction Responsibility Matrix

Public Consultation engaging with disabled people The brief remains “live” during Stage 2 and is derogated in

Prepare Client Requirements

4

Appoint contractor

1

ER

If the outcome determines that a building is the best means of achieving the Client Requirements, the client proceeds to Stage 1

are prepared and reviewed during Stage 4

Undertake Post Occupancy Evaluation of building performance in use Verify Project Outcomes including Sustainability Outcomes

Prepare Building Manual Building handover tasks bridge Stages 5 and 6 as set out in the Plan for Use Strategy

Obtain pre-application Planning Advice

Review design against Building Regulations

Submit Building Regulations Application

Carry out Construction Phase Plan

Initiate collation of health and safety Pre-construction Information

Agree route to Building Regulations compliance

Prepare and submit Planning Application

Discharge precommencement Planning Conditions

Comply with Planning Conditions related to construction

Option: submit outline Planning Application

Implement Facilities Management and Asset Management

of building

Source pre-application Planning Advice

See Planning Note for guidance on submitting a Planning Application earlier than at end of Stage 3

Comply with Planning Conditions as required

Adaptation of a building (at the end of its useful life) triggers a new Stage 0

Comply with Planning

Conditions as required Public Consultation to

learn what has worked and what can be

Prepare Construction Phase Plan Submit form F10 to HSE if applicable

improved

Appoint contractor

Cripping Practice’s RIBAAppoint Plan of Work Tender

Traditional

Design & Build 1 Stage Appoint client team

Appoint design team

ER

Management Contract Construction Management

Pre-contract services agreement

ER CP

contractor

CP

Appoint contractor

CP

Appoint contractor

Appoint Facilities Management and Asset Management teams, and strategic advisers as needed

Appoint contractor

Contractor-led

at the end of the stage

Hand over building in line with Plan for Use Strategy

Undertake seasonal Commissioning

Review design against Building Regulations

Information Project BriefRequirements approved by the Architectural Concept The best means of achieving client glossary and confirmed the Client Requirements at theRIBA endPlan of the stage Core of Work terms are defined in the RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview and set inthat BolditType. approved by the client and can be accommodated on aligned to the Project Brief confirmed the site

Information Exchanges

Stage 7 starts concurrently with Stage 6 and lasts for the life of the building

Monitor progress against Construction Programme

Agree route to Building Regulations compliance

Stage Outcome

Design & Build 2 Stage

Manufacture Building Systems and construct building

Building used, operated and maintained efficiently

Prepare Building Manual

Tender

0

Procurement Route

Finalise Site Logistics

Obtain pre-application Planning Advice

Option: submit outline Planning Application

Building handed over, Aftercare initiated and Building Contract concluded

There is no design work in Stage 5 other than responding to Site Queries

Initiate collation of health and safety Pre-construction Information

Management Contract Construction Management

Core Statutory Processes

Use

contractor Current RIBA Plan Appoint of Work

The RIBA PlanContractor-led of Work organises the process of briefing, designing, delivering, Client Requirements Information maintaining, operating and Exchanges Business Case using a building into eight at the end stage for stages.

It isofa the framework all disciplines on construction Strategic projects and should be used solely as guidance for Definition the preparation of detailed professional services and building contracts.

Project Strategies might include: – Conservation (if applicable) – Cost – Fire Safety – Health and Safety – Inclusive Design – Planning – Plan for Use – Procurement – Sustainability See RIBA Plan of Work 2020 Overview for detailed guidance on Project Strategies

Prepare stage Design Programme

Manufacturing, construction and Commissioning completed

Source pre-application Planning Advice

Design & Build 1 Stage

during the stage

specialist subcontractor Building Systems information

Specialist subcontractor designs are prepared and reviewed during Stage 4

Traditional

Core Tasks

Prepare and coordinate design team Building Systems information

considered Prepare and integrate

See Planning Note for guidance on submitting a Planning Application earlier than at end of Stage 3

Design & Build 2 Stage

Develop architectural and engineering technical design

Building Regulations

No design team required for Stages 0 and 1. Client advisers may be appointed to the client team to provide strategic advice and design thinking before Stage 2 commences.

Strategic appraisal of Planning considerations

All design information required to manufacture and construct the project completed Stage 4 will overlap with Stage 5 on most projects

Prepare Architectural Concept incorporating Strategic Engineering requirements and aligned to Cost Plan, Project Strategies and Outline Specification

Review Feedback from previous projects

during the stage:

Procurement Route

7

Projects span from Stage 1 to Stage 6; the outcome of Stage 0 may be the decision to initiate a project and Stage 7 covers the ongoing use of the building.

If the outcome determines that a building is the best means of achieving the Client Requirements, the client proceeds to Stage 1

rlap me

6

ER

Preferred bidder

Client Requirements

Project Brief

Project Brief Derogations

Signed off Stage Report

Manufacturing Information

Business Case

Feasibility Studies

Signed off Stage Report

Project Strategies

Construction Information

Site Information

Project Strategies Outline Specification

Updated Outline Specification

Final Specifications

Project Budget

Residual Project Strategies

Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety Information Practical Completion certificate including

Feedback on Project Performance

Feedback from Post Occupancy Evaluation

Final Certificate

Updated Building Manual including Health and Safety File and Fire Safety

Feedback from light touch Post Occupancy Evaluation

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07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

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Conversation Circle for my Future Practice Strategy

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07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

direct engagement My work will continually engage with the end users throughout the design process. I have returned to many different disabled cycling sessions to discuss my project and gain their feedback and insight on accessible and inclusive design approaches.

I took my models and research to the session recently, where I spoke to coaches, disabled cyclists and carers.

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07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

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07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

07.1 Future Practice Cripping Practice

Link to Film

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07.2 inclusive cycling infrastructure Current Research

mobility justice Researching the current guides to inclusive cycling in the city led me to learn more about the current issues with mobility justice in London. Many architecture firms and companies are starting to tackle these issues through legislation. However, this alone

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will not solve the problem of inaccessible cycling infrastructure.

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07.2 inclusive cycling infrastructure Current Research

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07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

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07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

Link to Film

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07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

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07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

the city Herne Hill Velodrome becomes a testing ground to find a new approach to inclusive cycling infrastructure which aims to achieve mobility justice, as a model of further research into the city.

The Sites Relation to the City

07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

Leisure Facility Vicinity

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07.3 leading into the city Creating Freedom

Cycleway Routes

06 Behind the scenes

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08.1 behind the scenes Zoetropes

Filming Zoetropes

08.1 behind the scenes Adjustable Frame

Adjustable Frame Stop Motion

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08.1 behind the scenes

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Adjustable Track

1:10 Model Construction

08.1 behind the scenes Moving Image Studio

Transport to Battersea and Filming in MIS

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08.1 behind the scenes Moving Image Studio

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Maquette Filming at Battersea

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08.1 behind the scenes Exchange Filming

Exchange Filming at Herne Hill Velodrome

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08.1 behind the scenes 1:100 Model

1:100 Clubhouse Model

08.1 behind the scenes The Table

1:1 Table

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08.1 behind the scenes The Table

1:1 Table

08.1 behind the scenes Embossing

Embossed Drawing Process

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8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

I am part of Brixton Cycles club which was born from a workers cooperative shop. Who are also working with No limits - a cycling club based on inclusivity.

I went to the AGM and have become a diversity and inclusion officer.

8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

I am in conversation Better Health Bikes (mental health charity) supporting recovery from mental health illnesses through training placements on bike mechanics, I had a call/ interview which has led me to bikeworks I have had discussions with about inclusive cycling.

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8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

I have visited Wheels for Wellbeing (a

Document Release Forms for Filming

charity which supports inclusive cycling)

the Sessions

many times to discuss their involvement in inclusive cycling and build a relationship with them - I filmed and recorded interviews with participants at their sessions, which are based on the inner track at HHV.

8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

Committee role I have taken a new role in the committee of Brixton Cycles CC as a Diversity and Inclusion Officer. My work has involved creating collaborations between other cycling clubs and charities.

I am currently organising a track taster session for Wheels for Wellbeing which is being funded by my club.

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8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

I visited Pedal Power (a charity which supports inclusive cycling) at Finsbury Park on Saturday to build a relationship with the charity - I recorded a talk with the organiser. I returned in January

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to shoot some film for my research.

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8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

I continue to work with the trust (a charity which supports the running of the track) to organise visits and discuss the issues of inclusion in the sport, and their work to change this!

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8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

I have gone on many group rides with the MSSC visually impaired group, riding as a stoker on a tandem, and then returning to learn to Enabling the Cycle Emma Naylor

pilot with Terry who is one of the founding members of the club.

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I am still gaining confidence in riding as a pilot but will continue to ride with them.

8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

Committee role As previously mentioned my committee role is to create collaborations with other cycling clubs.

I am currently organising a group ride and potential track session with Merton Sports and Social Club for Visually Impaired People in the hope to gain more pilots for the club as they are in desperate need.

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8.2 collaborations Communities/Charities

I have contacted and visited 56a bikespace, a space for do-it-yourself repairs and is run solely by volunteers, it also has an anarchist bookshop attached. I have taken some filming of the site in relation to the character of the mechanical engineer.

08.3 Precedents Cycling Culture Magasine

Rouleur Magasines Front Covers

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08.3 Precedents Cycling Culture Magasine

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Rouleur Magasines Front Covers

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08.3 Precedents Kinetic Art

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, untitled cyclegraph (light assembly study),n.d.

Gilbreth Collection, National Museum of American History (NMAH), Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Labor and Monopoly Capital, Harry Braverman

Research Book MA Architecture 2022

08.3 Precedents Kinetic Art

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“Le Mouvement”, is trigger for kinetic art to attract international following, leading to “Movement in Art”, a major review of kinetic art in 1961

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Alexander Calder Kinetic art - new relationship between art and technology

08.3 Precedents Kinetic Art

Traces by Jean Tinguely

Luminodynamism as seen in Schöffer’s Lux 2, 1957.

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08.3 Precedents Kinetic Art

Sketches by Jean Tinguely

08.3 Precedents Kinetic Art

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08.3 Precedents Kinetic Art

Jean Tinguely

08.3 Precedents Kinetic Art

Jean Tinguely at the opening of the First Paris Biennale, 1959, with the Meta-matic Stabilizer n ° 17

Spatiodynamism as seen in Schöffer’s Spationynamique 16 with Maurice Béjart, 1953.

View of Nicolas Schöffer’s studio in the Villa des Arts, Paris.

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08.3 Precedents Disability Art

Aaron Williamson (Deaf Artist) performs Demonstrating the World at the Southbank Centre

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London in September 2016.

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08.3 Precedents Disability Art

Demonstrating the World Hand-Shapes Manual, Williamson alienates our everyday actions to express that disabled people may do these task differently or not at all.

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08.3 Precedents Disability Art

TV set opens out into a bookshelf

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Clock transforms into a vacuum cleaner

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Picture turns into a meal for two

08.3 Precedents Questioning Standardisation

The Measure(s) of Man by Thomas Carpentier Carpentier questions the standardisation of the proportions of the human body, introduced by modernist architectural manuals

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08.3 Precedents Questioning Standardisation

The New Standard by Thomas Carpentier Carpentier subverts the Vitruvian Man, which has been a model to consider the reference measurements of the human body in architectural conception

08.3 Precedents Questioning Standardisation

Modulor by Thomas Carpentier Carpentier turns the scale of proportions on its head. By starting with ‘extraordinary’ bodies, he edits the anthropometric scale of proportions, to show how the body cannot be standardised.

Research Book MA Architecture 2022

08.3 Precedents Architecture

Maison Bordeaux OMA, Rem Koolhaus

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“a house is a machine for living”

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08.3 Precedents Architecture

Maison Bordeaux OMA, Rem Koolhaus Designed for a family member who is paralysed, a platform lift moves freely between three different volumes to transform itself from a living space to an intimate office.

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08.3 Precedents Architecture

21st Century Museum

Kazuyi Sejima

08.3 Precedents Architecture

Miu Miu Aoyama Store Herzog & de Meuron

Research Book MA Architecture 2022

08.3 Precedents Architecture

Guggenheim Museum

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Frank Lloyd Wright

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08.3 Precedents Architecture

Brompton New Headquarters Hollaway Studio

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08.3 Precedents Architecture

Architecture Anomaly Saul Kim Min Kyu Inspiration for my site model made from one piece of cardboard which was folded,

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expressing the central ramp and change in level.

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08.3 Precedents Architecture

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08.3 Precedents Films

Opening Scene Little Miss Sunshine The opening scene wastes no time in introducing the characters and defining contradictions. No narrative is given but the way the scene is set gives a clear portrayal of the character. The reflection in Olive’s glasses subtly shows she is watching the final of the Miss America beauty contest. The repetitive rewind and cutting between the screen and Olive’s imitation of the winners actions shows that the story is about the pursuit of shallow, unrealistic and superficial dreams of the young character. I will take influence from this to make the opening scene of my film infer the site’s sustained

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focus on speed, racing and efficiency.

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08.3 Precedents Films

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08.3 Precedents Films

Opposite scenes The opposite scene formed the basis for the initial proposal. The scene takes place when two opposite characters are forced to interact. The situation forces the characters to change, which allows the characters to grow closer either physically or emotionally. In all three examples the character ultimately end up working together to form the resolution.

Top Gun - The characters work together to defeat the opposition returning triumphantly to Enterprise as ‘wingmen’.

Toy Story - The pair work together to escape the clutches of Sid. Result: a lifelong friendship is created.

The Odd Couple - Oscar convinces Felix to move in with him, they work together to overcome

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each others issues.

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08.3 Precedents Films

Top Gun Maverick (Tom Cruise) struggles to get along with his fellow students at Top Gun Naval Flying School, especially the rival top-student Iceman (Val Kilmer). Maverick is reckless and cocky, and Iceman considers his methods dangerous. In the end the pair become 'wingmen', working together to defeat the opposition.

Research Book MA Architecture 2022

08.3 Precedents Films

Toy story Buzz is the enthusiastic space ranger. Woody is the realistic cowboy. Buzz is new. Woody is old. Toy Story is based on the notion of opposites, in the end the pair work together to escape

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trouble creating a lifelong friendship.

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08.3 Precedents Films

The Odd Couple Oscar is a slovenly, high-spirited sportswriter. Felix is a meticulous, recently divorced hypochondriac. The differences are portrayed subtly, Felix, carefully tiding things up, even when he is about to kill himself. Then we jump to Oscar’s apartment: trash everywhere. They end up moving in together and work together to overcome each others issues.

Research Book MA Architecture 2022

08.4 bibliography Research

Art and Making: Dyer, Eric, Copenhagen Cycles, 2006, Zoetrope Miller, Geoffrey, The Centrifugal Soul, 2016 Starr, Samuel, Circulus, 2010 Exhibitions: Cutting Edge, Dulwich Picture Gallery, 2019 Films: Beatt, Cynthia, Cycling the Frame, 1988 Beatt, Cynthia, The Invisible Frame, 2009 Kubrick, Stanley, A Space Odyssey, 2001 Leth, Jorgen, Sunday in Hell, 1976 Lebrecht, James and Nicole Newnham, Crip Camp, 2020 Muybridge, Eadweard, The Horse in Motion, 1878

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Lectures: Harvard GSD, Aimi Hamraie, “Critical Access Studies”, 2020 <https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=uCL-EtS2F5k> [accessed 7 December 2021]

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Texts: Ahmed, Sara, On Being Included Racism and Diversity in Institutional Life (Duke University Press, 2012) Baden-Powell, Charlotte, Architect’s Pocket Book (Oxford: Architectural Press, 2008) Bennett, Bruce, Cycling and Cinema (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Goldsmiths Press, 2019) Blyth, Gavin, Velo City : Architecture for Bikes (Munich: Prestel, 2014) Boys, Jos, ed. Disability, Space, Architecture: A Reader (Oxford: Routledge, 2017 Boys, Jos, Doing Disability Differently: An Alternative Handbook on Architecture, Dis/Ability and Designing for Everyday Life (London: Taylor & Francis Group, 2014) <http://ebookcentral.proquest. com/lib/rcauk/detail.action?docID=1694646> [accessed 3February 2021] Carter, Leeja, Feminist Applied Sport Psychology: From Theory to Practice (Milton, UNITED KINGDOM: Taylor & Francis Group, 2019) Collishaw, Mat, The Centrifugal Soul (London: Blain Southern, 2017) Fleming, Steven, Cycle Space : Architecture & Urban Design in the Age of the Bicycle (Rotterdam: Nai010 publishers, 2012) Fleming, Steven, Velocity the Production of Cyclespace in Our Minds and Cities (nai010 publishers, 2017) Federici, Silvia, Re-Enchanting the World Feminism and the Politics of the Commons (California: Kairos Books, 2019) Hamraie, Aimi, Building Access: Universal Design and the Politics of Disability (London: University of Minnesota Press, 2017) Hamraie, Aimi, and Kelly Fritsch, ‘Crip Technoscience Manifesto’, Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience, 5.1 (2019), 1–33 <https://doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v5i1.29607> Hendren, Sara, What Can a Body Do? : How We Meet the Built World (New York: Riverhead Books, 2020) Imrie, Rob, and Peter Hall, Inclusive Design Designing and Developing Accessible Environments (London: Spon Press, 2001) McRuer, Robert, Crip Times Disability, Globalisation and Resistance (New York: New York University Press, 2018)

08.4 bibliography Research

McRuer, Robert, and Michael Bérubé, Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability (New York, UNITED STATES: New York University Press, 2006) <http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/ rcauk/detail.action?docID=865717> [accessed 3 February 2021] Neufert, Peter, Architects’ Data (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Rouleur, ‘Empower’, 106, 2021 Rouleur, ‘Enable’, 106, 2022 Rouleur, ‘Women’s Special’, 101, 2021 Sheller, Mimi, Mobility Justice : The Politics of Movement in an Age of Extremes (London: Verso, 2018) Siebers, Tobin, Disability Theory (Michigan, USA: The University of Michigan Press, 2008) Siebers, Tobin, Disability Aesthetics (Michigan, USA: The University of Michigan Press, 2010) Toro, Juan, Julian Kiverstein, and Erik Rietveld, ‘The Ecological-Enactive Model of Disability: Why Disability Does Not Entail Pathological Embodiment’, Frontiers in Psychology, 11 (2020), 1162 <https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01162> Wellings, Mark, Ride! Ride! Ride! (Icon Books Ltd, 2016) Williamson, Bess, Making Disability Modern : Design Histories (London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2020) Video Recordings: Dyer, Eric, The Forgotten Art of the Zoetrope, 2017 Harvard GSD, Aimi Hamraie, “Critical Access Studies”, 2020 <https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=uCL-EtS2F5k> [accessed 7 December 2021] Visits/Meetings: 56a Bikespace - Visited and filmed on 26th November, 3rd December and 8th April Face of our Fear - RCA Battersea, 30th November Herne Hill Velodrome - 24th, 29th October, 4th, 21st November, 2nd December, 23-27th January, February 4-5th, April 3rd, April 27th Hopkins Architects - Interview with Principal Architect at the Hopkins Office about Herne Hill Stadium and Lee Valley Velodrome James Zatka - Meeting - discussion of collaboration and Disability Working Group, 2nd December, January 17th, February 23rd and March 5th Merton Sport and Social Club for Visually Impaired People - Tandem Ride 5th December, January 14th and March 23rd Pedal Power - 27th November, 7th December Southwark Archive - 14th January Thea Smith - Meeting about inclusivity, 29th October Wheels for Wellbeing - 21st November, 2nd December, January 24th, April 25th Websites: ‘Disability Arts Online - Sharing Disability Arts & Culture’, Disability Arts Online <https://disabilityarts.online/> [accessed 7 December 2021] ‘Mara Mills’ <http://maramills.org/> [accessed 7 December 2021] ‘Soundpaths – an Audio Journey across Manchester’, Disability Arts Online <https://disabilityarts. online/magazine/opinion/soundpaths-an-audio-journey-across-manchester/> [accessed 7 December 2021] ‘Storm - an Online Exhibition Exploring Isolation and Survival in Desperate Times’, Disability Arts Online <https://disabilityarts.online/magazine/opinion/storm-an-online-exhibition-exploring-isolation-and-survival-in-desperate-times/> [accessed 7 December 2021]