American government institutions and policies 14th edition wilson test bank

American Government Institutions And Policies 14th Edition Wilson Test Bank Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow nload/american-government-institutions-and-policies-14th-edition-wilson-test-bank/

CHAPTER 10

Elections and Campaigns MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Originally, presidential candidates were chosen by a. lottery. b. conventions. c. congressional caucus. d. state legislatures. e. governors.

ANS: C

REF:

219

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

2. After party caucuses when national nominating conventions dominated, the real power, in selecting presidential nominees, was wielded by a. the voters in primary elections. b. local party leaders. c. political pundits. d. nonpartisan groups that sought to pick the best candidates. e. the voters in caucus elections.

ANS: B

REF:

219

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

3. When Hubert Humphrey won the Democratic nomination for the presidency in 1968, he did so a. without spending money on advertising. b. with considerable assistance from Republican voters. c. without raising money. d. in spite of opposition from party bosses. e. without competing in a single state primary.

ANS: E

REF:

219

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

4. By the time the 2012 presidential election was completed, the Obama campaign and the Romney campaign, together with a dozen other contenders for the presidency, had raised and spent approximately a. $600 million. b. $4 billion. c. $1.3 billion. d. $800 million. e. $500 million.

ANS: C

REF:

219

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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155

5. Most of the money that individual candidates spend during the course of a campaign is directed toward a. media-related activities. b. campaign staff and advisors. c. travel-related expenses. d. campaign literature. e. the national convention.

ANS: A

REF:

220

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

6. A comprehensive study on political advertisements found that the largest number emphasized a. stirring positive emotions. b. voters’ fears. c. civic duty. d. nonpartisan cooperation. e. candidates’ personal qualities.

ANS: B

REF:

220

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO2

OBJ:

LO2

7. The text suggests that the term campaigning has become a synonym for a. calculating. b. mobilizing. c. communicating. d. reflecting. e. fundraising.

ANS: E

REF:

221

NOT: F

8. A major difference between presidential campaigns and congressional campaigns is that a. fewer people vote in presidential elections. b. presidential incumbents can better serve their constituents. c. presidential incumbents can more easily avoid responsibility. d. presidential races are generally more competitive. e. congressional incumbents are more likely to be defeated.

ANS: D

REF:

222

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO5

9. Which of the following statements best summarizes the value of presidential coattails to congressional candidates of the same party? a. They have never been a significant factor. b. They remain a significant factor today. c. They are increasingly significant for the Republicans. d. They are becoming more significant today. e. They are becoming much less significant today.

ANS: E

REF:

222

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO5

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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10. Voters tend to prefer a presidential candidate that has served in this type of elected office. a. Governor b. Member of the House of Representatives c. Ambassador d. Member of the Senate e. Supreme Court justice ANS: A

REF:

223

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

OBJ:

LO3

OBJ:

LO3

OBJ:

LO3

11. In 2000, George Bush chose __________ as a theme for his campaign. a. the need for change b. trust c. compassionate conservatism d. competence e. strength ANS: C

REF:

224

NOT: F

12. Each state is entitled to two U.S. Senators that serve __________ terms. a. six-year b. two-year c. four-year d. five-year e. life ANS: A

REF:

224

NOT: F

13. Who decides the number of U.S. House of Representatives? a. Congress b. The Supreme Court c. The President d. State legislatures e. Party leaders ANS: A

REF:

224

NOT: C

14. The apportionment of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives is detailed in a. Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution. b. Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution. c. Article IV, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution. d. Article I, Section 5 of the U.S. Constitution. e. Article III, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution.

ANS: A

REF:

224

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

15. When a district is so unequal that the votes of citizens are significantly diluted, it is a. malapportioned. b. reapportioned. c. regressed. d. gerrymandered. e. disbarred.

ANS: A

REF:

224

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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157

16. Since 1962, over __________ of House incumbents who sought reelection have won it. a. 60 percent b. 65 percent c. 75 percent d. 80 percent e. 90 percent ANS: E

REF:

224

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO6

17. When a district is drawn in a bizarre or unusual shape to assist a candidate, it is a. malapportioned. b. reapportioned. c. regressed. d. gerrymandered. e. disbarred.

ANS: D

REF:

224, 225

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

18. After the last two census adjustments, which state has benefited the most by gaining the highest number of seats in the House? a. California b. New York c. Florida d. Texas e. Illinois ANS: D

REF:

225

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

19. Who said, “All politics is local”? a. Will Rodgers b. William Jennings Bryan c. Henry Lodge d. Huey Long e. “Tip” O'Neill ANS: E

REF:

226

20. To win the presidential nomination as opposed to the general election, candidates generally present themselves as a. more conservative. b. more liberal. c. more liberal if Republican, more conservative if Democratic. d. more liberal if Democratic, more conservative if Republican. e. moderate.

ANS: D

REF:

227

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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Chapter 10: Elections and Campaigns

21. The first real test of a candidate vying for the nomination comes in a. Florida. b. California. c. Pennsylvania. d. Rhode Island. e. Iowa.

ANS: E

REF:

227

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

22. Democrats who participate in the Iowa caucus tend to be a. more liberal than Democrats generally. b. more conservative than Democrats generally. c. less likely to win the nomination compared to other candidates who do not participate. d. more moderate than Democrats generally. e. None of the above is true.

ANS: A

REF:

227

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

23. In the 1980 presidential election, many people voted for Ronald Reagan over Jimmy Carter as a vote against Carter, not out of loyalty to Reagan. Such a vote is referred to as a(n) a. spin vote. b. “clothespin” vote. c. prospective vote. d. informed vote. e. inclined vote.

ANS: B

REF:

227

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

24. A __________ issue is one in which the rival candidates have opposing views on a question that also divides the voters. a. valence b. primary c. secondary d. residual e. position ANS: E

REF:

228

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

25. To be president, a person must be a. a natural born citizen. b. 45 years old. c. a legalized citizen. d. 40 years old. e. a veteran.

ANS: A

REF:

228

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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159

26. Nearly everyone is in agreement over a __________ issue, and the candidate fully supports the public’s view. a. valence b. primary c. secondary d. position e. residual ANS: A

REF:

228

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

27. To be a member of the House of Representatives, a person must be a. 20 years old. b. 25 years old. c. 30 years old. d. 35 years old. e. 40 years old.

ANS: B

REF:

229

NOT: F

OBJ: LO3

28. The following is an example of a valence issue. a. Richard Nixon being more supportive of anticrime measures than his rival b. Jimmy Carter appearing to favor honesty in government more than his opponent c. Ronald Reagan being more closely identified with a strong economy than his opponent d. George H. W. Bush being more closely linked to patriotism than his opponent e. All of above are true.

ANS: E

REF:

229

NOT: A

OBJ:

LO3

29. __________ issues have increased in importance in campaigns over the last half-century. a. Valence b. Primary c. Secondary d. Position e. Residual ANS: A

REF:

229

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO5

30. Disputed congressional elections are decided by a. the Supreme Court. b. the state supreme courts. c. Congress. d. the state legislatures. e. state governors.

ANS: C

REF:

229

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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Chapter 10: Elections and Campaigns

31. Members of the House and Senate can remove fellow members by a __________ vote. a. plurality b. majority c. two-thirds d. three-fourths e. unanimous ANS: C

REF:

229

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO5

32. The Constitution’s doctrine of “privileged speech” has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to mean a. that members of Congress cannot be sued or prosecuted for anything that they say or write in connection with their legislative duties. b. that members of Congress do not have privileged status protecting their legislative speech. c. that members of Congress can issue press releases that are libelous. d. that members of Congress can issue press releases with information from classified documents. e. that members of Congress can be sued or prosecuted for what they have read into the Congressional Record.

ANS: A

REF:

229

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO5

33. In recent elections, candidates have relied increasingly on a. appearances at malls to reach potential voters. b. large parades and rallies to reach potential voters. c. whistlestop train tours to reach potential voters. d. appearances at factories to reach potential voters. e. broadcasting to reach potential voters.

ANS: E

REF:

230

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

230

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

34. Short television ads are called a. visuals. b. networking. c. spots. d. message pieces. e. packaging.

ANS: C

REF:

35. You must declare in advance that you are a registered member of a political party in a(n) __________ primary. a. blanket b. open c. closed d. runoff e. static ANS: C

REF:

231

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO1

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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161

36. In a(n) __________ primary, you decide when you enter the voting booth which party’s primary you wish to participate in. a. blanket b. open c. closed d. runoff e. static ANS: B

REF:

231

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO1

OBJ:

LO1

OBJ:

LO1

37. In a(n) __________ primary, you can vote for candidates of either party. a. blanket b. open c. closed d. runoff e. static ANS: A

REF:

231

NOT: C

38. Of the following states, which has a blanket primary? a. Minnesota b. Georgia c. Kentucky d. Vermont e. Alaska ANS: E

REF:

231

NOT: F

39. In __________, voters pick delegates and indicate their preferences among presidential candidates, but the delegates are not legally bound to observe these preferences. a. Delegate selection only b. Delegate selection with advisory presidential preference c. Binding presidential preference d. Nonpartisan delegate e. Jungle election ANS: B

REF:

231

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

40. In 1981, the Supreme Court ruled that _________ have the right to decide how delegates to national conventions are selected. a. political parties b. state legislatures c. Congress d. governors e. secretaries of state ANS: A

REF:

231

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO1

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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Chapter 10: Elections and Campaigns

41. In 2012, this Republican candidate for the Senate decided to “go digital” by extensively using Facebook and other social media in his campaign. a. Rafael Edward “Ted” Cruz b. Chris Christie c. John McCain d. Marco Rubio e. Howard Dean ANS: A

REF:

231

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

42. It was somewhat unusual for Richard Nixon to agree to debate John Kennedy in 1960 because a. the setting and guiding rules gave a strong advantage to Kennedy. b. the number of viewers was almost certain to be low. c. the Republican Party objected to the debates. d. polls indicated Nixon was well ahead of Kennedy. e. Kennedy was less well known than Nixon.

ANS: E

REF:

231

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

43. Based on research, presidential debates seem to a. determine elections. b. be pivotal events. c. be watched by only a few insiders. d. have little effect on election results. e. help incumbents.

ANS: D

REF:

232

44. In 1976, President Ford had a slip of tongue when he erroneously implied a. that inflation was low. b. that budget deficit was not growing. c. that Poland was not part of the Soviet bloc. d. that Congress was not controlled by Democrats. e. that Reagan was the Governor of Texas.

ANS: C

REF:

232

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

OBJ:

LO3

45. An advantage of direct-mail appeals is that they a. cost very little. b. can be directed at specific subgroups of the population. c. can blanket the entire electorate. d. reach only the literate. e. can convince strong partisans to change their perspectives.

ANS: B

REF:

232, 233

NOT: F

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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163

46. Funding of congressional elections comes from a. public sources only. b. private sources only. c. party sources only. d. a combination of public, party, and private sources. e. the parties and public sources.

ANS: B

REF:

233

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO2

47. The campaign finance law created in the 1970s was the direct by-product of a. the Watergate scandal. b. the passage of the Twenty-Sixth Amendment. c. decreasing vote turnout. d. wage and price controls. e. riots in Chicago.

ANS: A

REF:

234

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO2

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO2

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO2

48. Most of the money for congressional candidates comes from a. PACs. b. major corporations. c. small businesses. d. multinational corporations. e. individuals.

ANS: E

REF:

234

49. Soft money is money that is obtained by a. political parties. b. incumbents. c. challengers. d. party leaders. e. party leaders’ PACs. ANS: A

REF:

236

50. The experience with 527 organizations in the 2004 elections suggests that campaign finance laws a. are an effective way to minimize interest group participation. b. are an effective way to reduce campaign spending. c. facilitate coordination of efforts between candidates and groups. d. are not likely to take money out of politics. e. have restricted speech considerably.

ANS: D

REF:

239

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO2

51. Which of the following does the text suggest is a critical factor in presidential elections? a. The vice-presidential nominee b. Political reporting c. The religion of the candidates d. The candidates’ positions on abortion e. None of the above is true.

ANS: E

REF:

240

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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Chapter 10: Elections and Campaigns

52. One advantage that incumbents always have over challengers is a. their larger share of federal campaign monies. b. the political advantage of riding the president’s coattails. c. their use of free mailings, or franks. d. their freedom from FEC regulations. e. their freedom from libelous laws.

ANS: C

REF:

241

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

53. Many scholars argue that the foremost factor in determining how people vote is a. debate performance. b. perception of the best candidate. c. campaign spending. d. a candidate’s image. e. party identification.

ANS: E

REF:

241

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

54. Democrats could be predicted to win every presidential election if the only factor were a. candidate appeal. b. campaign issues. c. debate performance. d. money spent. e. party identification.

ANS: E

REF:

241

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

55. Which party tends to be more loyal to its candidate in presidential elections? a. Democratic b. Republican c. Independent d. Green e. No clear-cut difference exists among the parties.

ANS: B

REF:

242

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

56. When a voter votes for the candidate whom he or she considers more likely to do a better job in office, that voting is referred to as a. “clothespin” voting. b. ideological voting. c. prospective voting. d. retrospective voting. e. sociotropic voting.

ANS: C

REF:

243

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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165

57. Which type of voting requires a lot of information about candidates and issues? a. Issueless voting b. Ideological voting c. Prospective voting d. Retrospective voting e. Sociotropic voting ANS: C

REF:

243

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO3

58. The text suggests that political junkies are more likely to engage in __________ voting. a. issueless b. ideological c. prospective d. retrospective e. sociotropic ANS: C

REF:

243

NOT: F

OBJ:

LO3

OBJ:

LO3

59 The text suggests that elections are decided by __________ voters. a. “clothespin” b. ideological c. prospective d. retrospective e. sociotropic ANS: D

REF:

243

NOT: F

60. The text argues that the U.S. constitutional system was designed to make the adoption of radical departures in policy a. efficient. b. easy. c. impossible. d. unnecessary. e. difficult.

ANS: E

REF:

249

NOT: C

OBJ:

LO6

TRUE/FALSE 1. Presidential candidates were first nominated by national conventions.

ANS: F

REF:

219

OBJ:

LO1

2. Presidential campaigning has changed drastically; and fundraising has lost its importance.

ANS: F

REF:

219

OBJ:

LO2

3. In the 1800s, most people voted straight party ticket.

ANS: T

REF:

219

OBJ:

LO3

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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Chapter 10: Elections and Campaigns

4. Most of the money that candidates spend today is media related.

ANS: T

REF:

220

OBJ:

LO2

5. Research has found that highly emotional ads have the most effect on people who know the least about politics.

ANS: T

REF:

220

OBJ:

LO3

6. In Israel and the Netherlands, the names of candidates for the legislature do not even appear on the ballot.

ANS: T

REF:

222

OBJ:

LO3

7. In recent decades, most successful presidential candidates were former governors.

ANS: T

REF:

223

OBJ:

LO3

8. The authors suggest that the four Ts of developing a campaign strategy are tone, theme, timing, and targets.

ANS: T

REF:

224

OBJ:

LO3

9. If you run for a seat in the House against the incumbent, the odds are very much against you.

ANS: T

REF:

224

OBJ:

LO4

10. The Constitution says nothing about congressional districts.

ANS: T

REF:

224

OBJ:

LO5

11. Malapportionment is when districts are drawn for pure political reasons.

ANS: F

REF:

224

OBJ:

LO5

12. The current size of the House at 435 members was set in the year 1911.

ANS: T

REF:

225

OBJ:

LO5

13. States were generally aggressive about malapportionment until courts restricted their ability to address the problem.

ANS: F

REF:

225

OBJ:

LO5

14. The text suggests that members of Congress run for Congress by running against it.

ANS: T

REF:

226

OBJ:

LO5

15. A position issue is an issue that does not divide voters.

ANS: F

REF:

228

OBJ:

LO3

16. Since 1860, many of the great party realignments have been based on differing position issues.

ANS: T

REF:

228

OBJ:

LO3

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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167

17. A U.S. Senator must be at least 30 years old.

ANS: T

REF:

229

OBJ:

LO3

18. Valence issues have increased in importance in recent years.

ANS: T

REF:

229

OBJ:

LO3

19. The type of primary that allows a voter the greatest freedom to vote for candidates of different parties is the blanket primary.

ANS: T

REF:

231

OBJ:

LO3

20. A higher percentage of Democrats than Republicans vote in elections.

ANS: F

REF:

243

OBJ:

LO3

ESSAY 1. Discuss how presidential candidates have to fundraise more today than in the past. Be sure to reference the 2012 election.

ANS: By mid-2012, President Obama had attended more than 100 fundraising events. This was more than three times as many as his Republic predecessor. In 2012, Obama along with Romney and other candidates raised over $1.3 billion.

REF:

219

OBJ:

LO2

2. Identify and define the types of consultants hired to work on political campaigns.

ANS:

REF:

•

Media consultants who create advertisements and buy airtime from stations and networks.

•

Direct-mail firms that design and produce mailings to promote the candidate or solicit money.

•

Polling firms to survey voters on their attitudes toward issues and candidates and to run focus groups.

•

Political technology firms to supply services such as Web site design, online advertising, online fundraising, and voter-targeting.

219

OBJ:

LO4

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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3. Compare and contrast presidential and congressional campaigns.

ANS:

REF:

•

Presidential races are more competitive.

•

Voter turnout tends to be higher when there is a presidential election (contra midterm election).

•

Members of Congress can serve constituents and claim credit in ways that presidential candidates cannot.

•

Congressional candidates can separate themselves from the messes in Washington (they run for Congress by running against Congress).

222

OBJ:

LO5

4. Explain the restrictions that federal law places on contributions to candidates by individuals and PACs and the rules of eligibility for federal matching grants.

ANS:

REF:

•

Individuals can contribute up to $2,000 to candidates in each election.

•

PACs can contribute up to $5,000 to candidates in each election.

•

For matching funds, a candidate must raise $5,000 in each of 20 states, by amounts of $250 or less.

223

OBJ:

LO2

5. Define gerrymandering and malapportionment in Congressional districts.

ANS:

REF:

•

Malapportionment results from having districts of very unequal size. If one district is twice as populous as another, twice as many votes are needed in the larger district to elect a representative.

•

Gerrymandering is drawing a district boundary in some bizarre or unusual shape to make it easy for the candidate of one party to win election in that district.

224, 225

OBJ:

LO5

6. What is the sophomore surge? Discuss the explanations that the author offers for this aspect of elections.

ANS: The sophomore surge refers to the difference in the votes that sophomores get in reelection compared to when they were originally elected. The difference is usually 8 to 10 percent greater. This is especially true for members of the House of Representatives. Explanation: Members run personal campaigns, make use of free mail, trips home, radio and television and constituency service.

REF:

225, 226

OBJ:

LO5

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.

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169

7. Explain the difference between position issues and valence issues. Summarize the trends regarding each in recent elections.

ANS: •

Position issues: Candidates have opposing issues on a question that also divide the voters.

•

Valence issues: Candidates try to mirror public opinion on questions about which nearly everyone agrees.

Campaigns often involve both, but the importance of valence issues has increased in recent campaigns.

REF:

228, 229

OBJ:

LO3

8. Summarize the qualifications for members of the House and Senate.

ANS:

REF:

•

House: Must be 25 years of age, must be a citizen of the United States for seven years, and must live in the state from which elected.

•

Senate: Must be 30 years of age, must be a citizen of the United States for nine years, and must live in the state from which elected.

229

OBJ:

LO5

9. Identify and explain four types of primary elections.

ANS:

REF:

•

Closed: Must declare party membership well in advance.

•

Open: Voters decide when they enter the booth which party they intend to vote for.

•

Blanket (or “free love”): Ballots contain candidates from all parties.

•

Runoff: Held if no candidate gets a majority of the votes.

231

OBJ:

LO1

10. If voting were only a matter of party identification, the Democrats would just about always win presidential elections. Why hasn’t this been the case?

ANS: Democrats are less firmly wed to their party, support it less enthusiastically. Republicans have often done better with self-described independent voters. Republicans are more likely to turn out to vote.

REF:

241–243

OBJ:

LO3

© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website or school-approved learning management system for classroom use.