SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN

PROJECT : SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN

GUIDE: GUIDE: PROFESSOR PROFESSOR CHRISTOPH CHRISTOPH REINHART REINHART DIRECTOR OF THE BUILDING DIRECTOR OF THE BUILDING TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM PROGRAM MASSACHUSETTS MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF OF TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY CAMBRIDGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS MASSACHUSETTS UNITED UNITED STATES STATES

RAVINDRA SSK MEDICHARLA B.TECH CIVIL ENGINEER VEL TECH UNIVERSITY CHENNAI,INDIA

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

Speaker Notes: Introduction  Simple design  Two Stair  Public green space

We are SSK Sustainable Home Designs and we will be presenting on our proposed start-up space in Vellanur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Overall, our design philosophy is based on simple design in greenery location and construction.

This is a result of the mix of our different backgrounds: • It is in a tropical wet and dry climate, • It is on the thermal equator and is also coastal, which prevents extreme variation in seasonal temperature.

• For most of the year, the weather is hot and humid.

Our proposed location has no walkability, as this located out of city and a lot of green space Practically our aim in this project is

PRECEDENTS: RAINTREE HOTEL, CHENNAI, INDIA. ARCHITECT: UPHASANI DESIGN CELLS, MUMBAI, INDIA.

Speaker Notes: Precedents •

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Source: raintreehotels.com

We were chosen similar climate buildings precedents, which is from Anna Salai, Chennai located in India It is an eco-friendly business hotel in Chennai. In fact, it is considered to be one of the first Green Buildings of state of South India.

The water from the airconditioners is processed and recycled through a sewage treatment plant which helps preserve water resources.

The heat generated by the air conditioners is also put to good use, i.e. for heating the waters in the washroom Many awards achieved by this hotel in sustainability

CLIMATE ANALYSIS: LOCATION/NEIGHBORING BUILDINGS

Speaker Notes: Location •

We chosen the location which is near to a Vel Tech University and front to Highway of the city (outer ring road of the Chennai, India)

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Around the location there is a greenery ,which can Geographically, our site is supports eco system optimum because of neighboring universities ( Vel Tech and other colleges) and some shops and restaurant’s.

By having a variety of socioeconomic programs nearby, we hope to use our new innovation office space to bring together a diverse community

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Source: googlemaps.com

From the site location about 23 km east there is a Bay of Bengal

CLIMATE ANALYSIS: AMENITIES/WEATHER

Fig(a)

Fig(c)

Speaker Notes: Climate Analysis

Fig(b)

Fig(d)

(NOTE: walkscore.com is unsupported to my country (INDIA) and only few countries supported by walk score like US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand)

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Figure (a) represents about sun path (Orthographic sun chart )

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Figure (b) represents about Facade radiation (Monthly radiation levels for different surface orientations) from an average horizontal and west direction gets more facade radiation.

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Figure (c) represents about Hourly max, min and mean temperatures from each month in the year where as Upper treshold limit is 24, and Lower treshold limit is 18.

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Figure (d) represents about Hourly air temperature and humidity

SITE ANALYSIS: SHADING STUDY

Speaker Notes •

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winter solstice

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summer solstice

We uses the website 3DSunpath to show the summer and winter solstice on our site on 21 Dec 2020 and 20 June 2020.

The winter solstice reflects much longer Shadows in Dec The summer solstice presents much smallerranging shadows in June Through this, we found out that there is minimal shading due to the lowstorey surrounding buildings. And there is more gap between our proposed office building and other buildings From the table given in the slide represents about the values of time , altitude , azimuth, angles, length 6 am to 5 pm with 1 hour duration. On Dec 21 2020.

SITE ANALYSIS: RADIATION MAP

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By generating a radiation map, we can see that there is a strong option of PV panels for our roof.

After running this, we decided to try to balance roof area with daylighting needs as a way of taking advantage of the sunlight exposure.

So we can Maximize roof area to increase PV opportunities Net-zero energy to promote an efficient building system.

As our Location of massing model is from the no-shading zone so that the probability of increasing daylight availability is more

BUILDING MASSING

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Speaker Notes: Building Mass

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Here you see our three initial massing models, which include a simply three-storey space, and a 3-storey stacked L shape.

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Playing with different heights and depths allowed us to explore daylight availability within these spaces more directly.

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Equally, the previous analysis helped us determine where to place the building relative to our neighboring buildings

DAYLIGHT AVAILABILITY

Speaker Notes •

We went on to conduct a daylight availability analysis for our massing options 1) Three-Storey Box • As a percentage, 100 % of the floor • Daylight area is daylit.

Factor (DF) Analysis: 90% of all illuminance sensors have a daylight factor of 2% or higher. Assuming that the sensors are evenly distributed across 'all spaces occupied for critical visual tasks', the investigated • lighting should(DA) qualify for the LEEDDaylightzone Autonomy Analysis: The NC 2.1daylight daylighting credit is 8.1 mean autonomy 97% for active occupant behavior. The percentage of the space with a daylight autonomy larger than 50% is 100% for active occupant behavior 2) Three-Storey L shaped • As a percentage, 76 % of the floor area is • daylit.

Daylight Factor (DF) Analysis: 49% of all illuminance sensors have a daylight factor of 2% or higher. Assuming that the sensors are evenly distributed across 'all spaces occupied for critical visual tasks', the investigated lighting zone does not qualify for LEED-NC • Daylight Autonomy (DA) Analysis: The mean 2.1 daylighting credit 8.1 for active daylight autonomy is 73% occupant behavior. The percentage of the space with a daylight autonomy larger than 50% is 76% for active occupant behavior.

WINNER: Three-Storey Box

Note: Here we gone through 2 massing models only because we got 100% daylit factor for three-Storey box

VISUAL COMFORT: WINDOW OPTIONS

Speaker Notes

1.From Figure (a) the windows are horizontal rectangular type and the maximum sunlight will gets to inside of the building.

2. From the figure (b) the type of windows are vertical stripe type rectangular windows along with horizontal rectangular windows such that the it gives less sunlight compared to above case but it is suitable in terms of glare analysis which will be discussed in next slide .

3. So we selected the second option which is shown in figure (b)

Fig(a)

Fig(b)

VISUAL COMFORT: GLARE ANALYSIS

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• Person setting 2 m from window •

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We used rules of thumb to analyze glare at a specific point in a building We conducted a glare analysis for a person on the south-eastern facade of the bottom floor of our building (blue circle on image) We imagined the person is sitting 2m away from the window, sitting at their desk By calculating the appropriate angles, we can overlay the information on the sunpath diagram to assess when this person might experience glare due to direct sun visibility We extracted glare probability based on the lines that represent the months on the sunpath diagram There is a very high glare probability in winter during the standard work day due to sun’s position/angle in the sky being below the upper limit of the window as seen by the viewer.

In the summer, there is a low glare probability during the standard work day, as the sun is visible before and after business hours.

ELECTRIC LIGHTING: LIGHTING POWER DENSITY (OPTION 1)

Speaker Notes

Floor plan

Front view

Room

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For our first lighting option, we chose Thorlux Lighting Radiance 1200 * 300 LED, which are ceiling mounted.

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We conducted the lighting analysis on only a small portion of our building, and used the grid obtained using the DiaLux Mobile app.

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Clearly, using these lights in this configuration creates a resultant lux of 514, which is above the target. illumninance of 500 lux threshold.

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We can extract a specific lighting power density of 8.19 W/m², which would amount to 8.19W/m²*2500m² = 20,638 W for our building

Speaker Notes

ELECTRIC LIGHTING: LIGHTING POWER DENSITY (OPTION 2)

Floor plan

Front view

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For our first lighting option, we chose Thorlux Lighting XL-20 LED, which are ceiling recessed.

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We conducted the lighting analysis on only a small portion of our building, and used the grid obtained using the DiaLux Mobile app.

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Clearly, using these lights in this configuration creates a resultant lux of 514, which is above the target. illumninance of 500 lux threshold.

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We can extract a specific lighting power density of 4.86 W/m², which would amount to 4.86 W/m²*2500m² = 12,150 W for our building.

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From these two options, we will choose this option for our lighting, as it is a much

Room

Speaker Notes

EUI STUDY: BASE CONDITION

3.5m

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To conduct our base condition for our EUI study we continued to use the small portion of our building on the bottom floor set our 18m*10m box in climaplus, and set a height of 3.5m to represent one floor.

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One immediate weakness to using Climabox is that our width of our building (9m) is not in fact angled true north, so the angle of our building is slightly distorted for our analysis.

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Before running, it is also important to note that East windows has “no windows” option on Climabox, while North, West, and South facades remain with our 30% WWR.

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Using Climaplus base setting, we obtained a site EUI of 73 kWh/m², reflecting the consumption of heat and energy from our building with the “average” options

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There are 0 discomfort hours with

18m

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15m

Base Annual site EUI is 73

UPGRADE 1: THERMAL COMFORT

Speaker Notes •

With natural ventilation, we are able to eliminate our cooling •

By changed our heating source to gas Fired boiler heating to a ground source heating pump we were able to reduce our final EUI to 71 kWh/m² • Ultimately, Changes 1 allowed us to reduce our initial EUI from our improved 73 to 71 kWh/m², which is below our initial goal

First Annual site EUI is 71

UPGRADE 2: WALL CONSTRUCTION

Speaker Notes Our second improvement was related to wall/roof insulation. ● Adding on to Upgrade 1 (windows), we improved our roof, wall, thermal mass (from medium to low) and infiltration settings (regular to tight), which brought our site EUI to 42 kWh/m² ● We can see that now our main load has shifting from predominantly cooling to equipment (the black area on the graph) ● it is likely that creating a tight wall assembly (reducing infiltration) reduces the heating needs significantly, greatly reduced our heating needs

Second Annual site EUI is 42

UPGRADE 3: PV SYSTEM

Speaker Notes

Solar Panels

Our last upgrade was trying to make our building self-sufficient • To do this, we added PV to our top roof using and rules of radiation thumb shown the slide.

• Climaplus Mean average annual (fromon Climaplus • • •

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diagram): ~1200 kWh/m2 Assume panel efficiency: 15%, inverter efficiency 96% Each PV = 1*1m2 Assuming panels are horizontal, if we cover our roof with 75% PV panels then we can assume an area on our roof of 600m2 * 0.75 = 450m2 of PV surface area So 1200 kWh/m2 * 450m2 * 0.15 * 0.96 = Adding panels allow us to generate 77,760 77,760 PV kWh per year possibly generated kWh per year This is roughly 73% of our annual energy use for our final variant

CONCLUSION Speaker Notes  Finally, we completed the building design with relatively simple to reach our requirements as a sustainable  We tried to make improvements along the way, as opposed to starting from scratch  We hope that our designed building will perform as a more environmentally-friendly option for a start-up space in Chennai near Vel Tech University ,Chennai outer ring road.

PERSPECTIVE VIEW’S Back View

Front View