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s]bf/ >]i7 …uugÚ Kedar Shrestha 'Gagan'
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www.inls.org www.uae.inls.org inlsuae@yahoo.com
'Kshitij Para' collection of Lyrical Poem By Kedar Shrestha 'Gagan'
cu|h ;|i6fx?sf] cf―vfdf lIflth k/ lIflth k/Ú–Ps b[li6 ;lDemP/ cfh pgnfO{ uLt n]Vg yfn]F sf]af6 wf]sf eof] hf]8 36fpF ug{ yfn]F . –;lDemP/ cfh s]bf/ >]i7…uugÚsf] s[ltsf] af/]df klxn] klg b'O{ zAb n]Vg] cj;/ ldn]sf] lyof] . olt rfF8} csf]{ /rgf …lIflth k/Ú uLt ;+u|x lnP/ cfpg'xf]nf eGg] ;f]r]sf] klg lyOg . oxfF t /rgf n]Vg]nfO{ eGbf e"ldsf n]Vg]nfO{ ;don] gk'Unf h:tf] ePsf] 5 t/ klg s]bf/hLsf] nunzLntfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ ;j{:j 5f]8]/ klg …lIflth k/Údf Oifb[li6 lbg' g} of] ;d:ofsf] ;]t' ;+em]+ . …lIflth k/Údf a};¶Lj6f uLtL sljtf 5g\ . lawfsf] lx;fjn] of] pgsf] t]>f] ;flxlTos ;Gtfg xf] . of] 8fof:kf]/fsf] /rgf xf] . n]vsn] oL uLtx? ljb]zL e"lddf a:bf dgleq pln{Psf] lj/x / j]bgfnfO{ uLtdf kf]v]sf x'g \ .
pTk|]/s tTj pgnfO{ oL uLt n]Vg k|]/0ff lbg] ljrf/ tTj oL x'g \ M uPsf / ePsf s'/fx? clnslt hf]Vg dg nfUof] dgleqsf kL8fx? sxL+st} kf]Vg dg nfUof] . – dgleqsf kL8fx?
lj/x / >[Ëf/sf uLt o; ;+u|xdf ;+u|lxt uLtx?n] af]Ng vf]h]sf lj/x / j]bgfx? pgsf dfq geP/ ;+o'Qm c/j O{ld/]6 \;sf g]kfnLsf d'6'sf w8\sg ag]sf 5g\ . rf8kj{d f dg ?G5 To;sf] Ps gd'gfM
;okqL / dvdnL km'nL, 3/jf/L 9fSbf] xf] bz}+ / ltxf/ cfkmGt 8fSb} /demd cfpbf] xf] . –;okqL / dvdnL pgL hGd]sf] 7fpF l;Gw'nL xf] . Tof] 7fpFn] pgnfO{ af]nfPsf] ;kgf o;/L b]V5g\ pgLM lsg lsg lxhf] cfh l;Gw'nLnfO{ x':;'n] 9fs]sf] 5 rf8} kmls{ cfpm ufpF3/n] ltdLnfO{ 8fs]sf] 5 . –lsg lsg lxhf] cfh b]z / ;dfh clg lk|ofsf ;+emgfdf pgL n]V5g\ M ljxfgLsf] zLt ltdL lxdfn h:t} xfF; ltdL c6n / crn eO{ chDj/L afFr ltdL . –xf―; ltdL b]z / aGw'k|lt pgsf] ;f}xfb{ ;DjGwsf] sfdgf pgn] u/]sf 5g\ . jGw'Tjsf] rfxgf o;/L JoSt ePsf] 5 aGw'Tjsf] efjgf hufcf}+ cfˆgf]–cfˆg} 7fgL Pp6} cfdfsf] ;Gtfg xfdL gaf/f}+ x} kfgL . –xfdL Pp6} xfjf;Fu} wfPsf 5g\ uLtsf/ cfFvfel/ /x/ af]s]/ h+unsf] jf6f] x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ pgsL ceLi6 sfG5Lsf] ufpF vf]h]/ of] ofqfdf 5g\ . s]xL kfP/ klg s]xLsf] lj5f]8n] pgL cg'ej u5{g M 6f9f x'g] dfG5] ;kgLdf gcfpm ;tfP/ . ceLi7n] klg cfˆgf] b"/Laf6 kfPsf] a]r}gLsf] cleJolSt lbG5g\ pgL . slt Kof/ kfpg] x'g\ Tof] eljiosf kf7n] g} Olut unf{g \ . x]b}{ hfpmF . uLtx? a9L k|0fo–k|;Ël;t ufFl;Psf x'Gy] / o;df klg To:tf dfq uLt 5}gg tfklg s]xL To:tf uLt kSs} 5g\ . :j:y >[Ëf/ 5 oxfF M
sxfF 5f} dgsf] /fhf rfF8} cfpm d]/f] dg dlGb/df c+ufnf]df sl;b]pm dnfO{ of] 5f]6f] hLjgdf . –j}+zfn' af9L dflysf] uLtdf /fhf ;Daf]wg u/L k|]dsf] prfO{nfO{ g} b]vfpg vfh]sf] xf] . of] csf]{ gd'gf x]/f}+ . ;fbf hLjg t/ Kof/sf] /f]hfO 5 oL uLtsf]M ;'grfFbL, lx/fdf]tL x}g dfof dgsf] lbpFnf vf]n], kmfF8f] h] 5 3/df ksfO{ ldln vfpFnf . –Dffof dgsf] lbpFnf oL uLtx? lgi7'/Lsf] ofbd} ljTg] ef] ls of] 5f]6f] hLjg eGg] lj/x / lj5f]8 eP klg wf]sf vfPsf] hLjgsf] k|Tofe'lt ePsf] 5 oxfFM jqm/]vfh:tf] nfUof] xh'/ lhGbuLsf] af6f] j];f/]n] wf]sf lbO{ lgZrn dfofsf] ;f6f] . –km'n]sf] km"n dfof s] xf] eGg] s'/f jNn yfxf kfPF cd[t elg lkPsf] t ljif} ljifsf] vfPF . –h'gL h'gL s;/L hfGg' d}n] pgsf] dgsf] s'/f Afflx/ dL7f] s'/f ub}{ w:g] leqleq} 5'/f . –a'‰g} ufx|f] lgi7"/Lsf] dfof j]OdfgLsf] hfndf km;]F abgfd d]/f] u/L n'6\g';Dd n'6] kl5 P]n] k/fO{lt/ ;/L . –Jffrf
8fof:kf]l/s r]tM 8fof:kf]l/s r]t 5 oxfF . To;sf s]xL gd'gf M
x'Gg /}Ú5 k/b]zdf ;a} s'/f eg]sf] emNsf] cfpF5 ;Fu;Fu} s'd hf]8L lxF8] sf] . –hLjg;fyL lar af6f]d} x/fP5' lIflth k/ hfg vf]Hbf larNnLdf k/]F d t ;fu/sf] df]tL /f]Hbf . –cfkm"eGbf Kof/f] dfof slxFn]sfxLF+ l/;fOlbbf sfG5L elg af]nfpFnf afWotfn] 6f9f ePF eg] ;lDemP/ kmls{ cfpFnf . –d'6'el/sf] dfof …Åbosf] kfgfel/Ú uLtdf ljb]zdf eP klg g]kfnsf tL uFfhn' cfFvf x]g{ 6f]nfp5g\ oL cfFvfx? ;'Gg] nfU5 ufO{afv|f r/fpb} 3'd]sf jgkfvfx?, ;fx|} /fd|f] nfU5 pgnfO{ pgsf] Tof] ufFhn' cfFvf, cfwf ;kgf, cfwf ljkgf pgL / pgsL lk|ofsf] k|]dsf] syfn] oL uLtx?nfO{ cfk|af;sf] w8\sgnfO{ b]zsf] d'6'leq x'8n]sf 5g\ . g]kfn cfdfsf] ;]jfsf] nflu g} ljb]lzsf x'g \ t/ 8fof:kf]/fsf] hLjg slt s7f]/ 5 pgL JoQm u5{g \M o;s} nflu C0f sf8L k/b]zlt/ nfu]F sxLF gvfPsf] x08/ uf]Qf vfg';Dd vfPF . –k/b]zdf k|0fosf oL uLt sfd aflx/ u/]/ a;] klg dg t g]kfnLsf] cfˆgf] dft[e"ldd} ePsf] of] k|dfl0ft ub{5 M ;kgf b]V5' e'?F?F p8L rGb|d f 5f]Psf] ;d'Gb|kfl/ sNkgf u5{' sfG5Lsf] ;fy}df ePsf] . –d]/L cfdf / sfG5L htf x]¥of] afn'j}afn'jf 56\k6fpFb}5' Kof;df w]/}+ b"/ d]/L pgL d of] lj/fgf] k/b]zdf . –Afn'j}afn'jfsf] b]zdf
k|0fo–g}ltstfdf x|f;sf] x]t' cy{ M
k|0fosf oL uLtdf sf]/f t?gL tGg]/L s'/f geP/ cfhsf] ablnbf] kl/l:yltdf cfhsf g/gf/LnfO{ k};fn] lsGg yfn]sf] To;n] ubf{ k|]dsf] g}ltstfdf x|f; cfPsf] s'/fnfO{ k|d'v ljifo agfPsf 5g\ . k};fn] wf]sf lbPsf k|]d efjgf o;/L JoSt ePsf 5g\ M rGb|df em}+ d'xf/ eP klg sfnf] /}Ú5 dg :jfyL{nfO{ lnnfdL ef] dfof 7"nf] /}Ú5 wg . –hjfgLsf] e"n dgsf] Joyf uLtdf kf]Vg sf]xL 5}g ;'GgnfO{ /f]O lx8\g' knf{ dnfO{ 5f]8L hfg]nfO{ . –Dffof Kof/f] k};fn] dfG5]nfO{ wf]sf t To;} klg lbG5 k|]ddf / o:tf] lj5f] 8 sf] afrf klg dfG5]n] vfg'k5{ M kTy/nfO{ cjb]lv b]ptf elg d 9f]Ug] 5}g hGd] eg] csf]{ h'gL k|]d d s;};Fu ug]{ 5}g . –kL8fsf] lem/ k/fO{ eO{ cfh dfof dgsL /fgL u/LjnfO{ 5f8L lbO{ e]6\bf cs}{ wgL . –dfof dgsL /fgL eGb} lxl8\5g\ c/] cNnf/]n] ;Sb}g /] kfNg bzL k|df0f vf]Hb} 5 /] cbfntdf d'4f xfNg . –k"l0fdfsf] h"g
k|0fosf uLtdf dft[e"ld k|]d dft[e"ld k|]dsf uLtx? x'g\ oL M jNnf] 8fF8f, kNnf] 8fF8f sf]OnL ufpF5g\ ;fyL g]kfnLsf] jL/ ufyf ;j}eGbf dfly . –g]kfn b]z
;dfh ;'wf/sf] lrGtg
;dfh ;'wf/sf k|Zgdf klg uLtn] cleJolSt lbPsf] 5 . h:t} ax'ljjfxsf] lj/f]w ePsf] Ps uLtsf] gd'gfM gf/L eO lsg gf/L s} d'6' cfpF5g\ sf6\gnfO{ cfdfsf] xft klxn] ;dfTof} lsg knkn dfg{nfO{ . –Jffjfsf] sfv
?k j0f{g M k|0fosf uLtdf gf/L ;f}Gbo{sf] cToGt dxTj /lxcfPsf] ;Gbe{d f bf]jf6f] uLt pNn]vgLo 5 ?k j0f{gsf] nflu . s]jn ?k nfj0osf nflu lgld{t o:tf uLt klg 5g\ . bf]jf6f]df ;w}+ a:5f} s;nfO{ xf] s'/]sL sf]/L,af6L ufFhn nufO{ j]+zLlt/ em/]sL . –bf]jf6f]
uhn M of] uLtL ;+u|xdf uLt dfq x}g uhnx? klg 5g\ h:t} M xh'/,cefjsf] lhGbuL, ;fx|} /fd|L d]/L dfof, xNsf xNsf, tls{g] dfof oL uhn x'g\ . Ps uhnsf] gd'gf M gSsnL d}ofsf] gv/f xNsf xNsf ltd|f] gfddf lkPF dlb/f xNsf xNsf . –xNsf xNsf …xh'/Ú uhn sf]/f of}g efjgfsf uLtaf6 dfly p7]/ of}6f dflyNnf] lzlIft ju{nfO{ tLj| Jo+Uo ug{ ;kmn 5 / o;sf] l;Nk ljwfg klg pQd 5 . gd'gfM cfz}–cfzdf xfdL d5f}{ o;d} lklN;P/ x'g] vfg]nfO{ g} k'/:sf/sf vfd xh'/ . –xh'/ ax/sf ;'q nufpg]n] s]xL sdL ge]6fpnfg\ eGg ;lsGg t/ uhn uhn xf] . cfh sf] s'g ;'qdf afFlwPsf]] 5 / < ;'q}
nufP/ n]lvPsf] klg t x}g xf]nf . uhnsf] ;f}Gbo{ logdf 5 ;aeGbf 7"nf] s'/f ToxL xf] .
laDaM uLtx?nfO{ laDasf] cWoogdf sd}n] k/v u/]sf] kfOG5 tfklg oL uLtdf ePsf laDax? ;|:6fsf lgld{t laDa geP/ :jtM:km"t{ laDa ePsf]n] d logsf] nflu cem a9L dxTj lbG5' . of] uLtdf ;+uLtsf ;fwgnfO{ laDasf] ?kdf /flvPsf] 5 . d}n] ufpg] uLtsf] ;"/ ltdL ;f/fËLsf] tf/ s] eg]/ laZjf; lbnfpF d]/f] hLjgsf] ;f/ . –d]/f] uLtsf] ;'/ ltdL ;u/dfyf k|fs[lts laDasf] gd'gf xf] of] M ;u/dfyf r9\g vf]h] r9\g ;lsPg lIflth k/ nIo /fv}F k'Ug ;lsPg . –;u/dfyf ;+lZni7 laDasf] pbfx/0f o;df 5 M km'Ng vf]h]F km"n alg sf]lknf d} em/]F xfF:g vf]h] h"g h:t} cf}+zL /ft em}+ ePF . –xf―:g vf]h]F pkdf zLif{sdf pkdf gfds o'jtLsf] ?k j0f{g ?ks laDafTds 5 M cfsfzsf] tf/f ltdL, ltdL 3fd h"g cd"No lx/fdf]tL ltdL Ps gDa/L ;'g . —pkdf o;/L slt p4/0f lbg] c;+Vo pbfx/0fx? 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, o"=P=O{= RofK6/n] …lIflth k/Ú k':tssf] k|sfzg u/]/ cfk|jf;df /fd|f] gd'gf k]z u/sf] 5 . …lIflth k/Ú df uLt / uhn b'j} 5g\ . ;+o'Qm c/j
O{ld/]6\;sf g]kfnLsf j]bgfx?, pgL hGd]sf] 7fpF l;Gw'nLsf] ;+emgf, lk|ofsf ;+emgfdf, aGw'k|lt pgsf] ;f}xfb{ ;DjGwsf] sfdgfsf uLtL sljtfx?n] of] el/Psf] 5 . o;df a9L k|0fo– k|;Ël;t ufFl;Psf uLtx? 5g\ . 8fof:kf]l/s r]t 5 oxfF . k|0fo–g}ltstfdf x|f;sf] x]t' k};fnfO{ OlËt ul/Psf] 5 . k|0fosf uLtx?df dft[e"ld k|]d, ;dfh ;'wf/sf] lrGtg,?k j0f{gsf] /fd|f] ;dfof]hg b]Vg kfOG5 . :jt:km"t{ laDa ljwfg …lIflth k/Úsf] ljz]iftf xf] . cGtdf s]bf/ >]i7…uug…nfO{ o:tf s[lt l;h{gf ug{ lg/Gt/ ;kmntf ldln/xf];\ . wGojfb, xf]dgfy ;'j]bL ;+:Yffks cWoIf cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh, ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf
1727 Hornr Road, Woodbridge, VA 22191 703-491-1014
lIflth k/sf] uug uLt n]Vg ;lhnf] 5}g lxdfn r9\g' eGbf . uLt n]Vg sl7g klg 5}g ;d/ n8\g' eGbf . n]Vg ;lhnf] klg 5, uLt n]Vg ufx|f] klg 5 . olt dfq xf], uLt n]Vg ;/n dg rflxG5, uLt n]Vg t/n dg rflxG5 . clUng' k5{ ;+j]bgfx?df, klUng' k5{ cg'e"ltx?df . ta dfq hGdG5 uLt, k|;j kL8f kl5 ;Gtfg hlGdP em}+ ===. uLtsf/ s]bf/ >]i7ÆuugÆ;Fu klg hn]sf] dg b]vF], cfkmGtn] 5n]sf] cfxt dg b]vF], cfdf / b]zsf] ;+emgfn] un]sf] k|b]zL cfTdf b]v]F . xf], oltv] / d ÆlIflth k/Æ ====uLtL ;+u|xsf] cufl8 5' . hLjg eGg' o:t} /}Ú5 ;'v b'Mv ;fy} x'g] ;'v cfP xf“+;L v'zL, b'Mv eP PSn} ?g] . af:tjdf uLt, oxL hLjgsf] k|ltlaDj xf] . oxL ;dfhsf] k|ltlaDj xf] . k|]d –3[0ff eGbf k/ /x]/ xfdL uLt n]Vg ;Sb}gf}+ . ldng lj5f]8af6 k/ /x]/ xfdLn] uLt b]Vg ;Sb}gf} . lhGbuLdf ef]luPsf ;'v b'Mv eGbf cnu /x]/ xfdL uLt ufpg} ;Sb}gf} . s]bf/hLsf uLtx? klg oxL ;dfhsf k|ltljDax? x'g\ . ;DemL /xG5' ;w}+ d cfdfsf] b'w r';]sf] d ?Fbf c+ufnf]df a]/L cf“;' d]/f] k'5]sf] . of] wtL{d f hGdlbg] cfdf eGbf k'Ho cGo a:t' lsdfy{ x'g ;Sb}g . dft[eQm uLtx? cfdfk|lt ;dlk{t ug{' x'g] uLtsf/ uughL leq b]z elQmefj klg sDtL 5}gg\ . xfd|} df6f] a;fpg],oxLsf kfvf kv]/f af6f] ;+emfpg] uLtx?n] o; ;+u|xnfO{ cem ;'Gb/ agfPsf] 5 .
;lDemP/ kmls{ cfpg" kl{{v{ a;'“nf cfF6f] kL7f] h]Ú5 3/df ksfO{ /fv'“nf . ;du|d f eGg' kbf{ s]bf/hLsf] n]vg z}nL /fd|f] 5 . t/ sltko uLtx?df u]ofTdstfsf] sdL 5 . cg'k|fzx? cem} ldn]sf eP uLt cem ;'Gb/ aGy] . laDasf] k|of]un] uLt cem pTs[i6 aG5g\ . cfufdL uLtx?df 5Gb, laDa / u]ofTdstfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbb} hfg' xf]nf . cGTodf tkfO{sf] ;flxTosL ofqf ;kmn agf];\ ;Dk"0f{ z'esfdgf Û /fhs'df/ au/ aa/dxn, sf7df08f}+
lIflth k/ g9fl6sg eGg' k5{ . OdffGbfl/tfsf] ;fy cf]sNg' k5{ . h] ePsf lyP jf 5g\ . OdfGbf/ x'gsf] nflu . OdffGbf/L 7flggsf] nflu . x'g t sltko ef]u]sf, b]v]sf / ;'g]sf s'/fx? eGbf jf cf]sNbf slxn]sfxLF cf8Da/ h:tf] nfUg ;S5 . ;a}nfO{ kfRo gx'g ;S5 . t/ ToxL ef]u]sf, b]v]sf / ;'g]sf s'/fx?nfO{ d}n] ;n{Ss h:tfsf] t:t} kf]Vg] k|of; u/]sf] 5' . uLtsf] cjojx? k|of]u u/]/ . jfGsL kf/]/, k9\bf kl9/xF", ;'Gbf ;'lg/x"F h:tf] nfUg] agfpg] sf]lzz u/]sf] 5' . h;df hLjg xf]; \ . dfgjLo efjgf;Fu glhs xf];\ . jl/i7 ;+lutsf/ lzjz+s/n] {hLjg ef]luG5 / uLtdf kf]lvG5Ú eg] em}+ ;dosf sfnv08x? kf/ ub}{ hfFbf jf ;dosf] ult;Fu} hLjg ef]Ug] qmddf w]/}sf] 3ft yf]/}sf] ;fy, sltsf]] nft t sltsf]sf] ;fy kfpb} ljleGg cg'ej / cg'e"lt ;ufFNg k'u]F .cflv/ hLjg eGg' g} 3ft / nftsf] vft g /x]5 ._ tL cg'ej / cg'e"ltx?nfO{ uLtsf] ?kdf kf]Vb} hfF bf ;+u|xsf] ?kdf lgsfNg] /x/ egf}+ jf afWotfn] of] ;+u|x k|sfzdf Nofpg nfu]sf] x'F . of] d]/f] t]>f] ;flxlTos ;Gtfg xf] . h;/L Pp6f lzz' cfkm\gf] ljleGg cjlwx? Kff/ ul/;s]kl5 pm cfˆgf] cfdfsf] ue{af6 k[YjLdf kbf{k{0f x'g vf]Hb5 . To:t} u/\of] of] d]/f] ;+u|xn] . h;df ;'8]gLsf] sfd u/\of] ÆcGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhÆ o"=P=O{= RofK6/n] . To;sf] nflu o; ;+:yf / o;df sfo{/t cWoIf jfnrGb| kf]v/]n nufot ;Dk"0f{ kbflwsf/Lx? k|lt xflb{s cfef/ AoQm ub{5' .
;+u|x lgsfNg' eg]sf] uLtsf/ z'e d'sf?Ën] eg]h:t} Pp6f gofF 3/ lgdf{0f ug{' h:t} sl7g /x]5 . 9'Ëf, df6f] / sf7x? dfq pknAw u/fP/ 3/ lgdf{0f x'Fbf]/x]g5 . c? ljleGg ;fdfgx?sf] cfjfZoQmf kbf]{/x]5 . dfgzLs, zf/Ll/s, ef}lts cf}hf/ / ;fwgx?sf] cefj vl8\sbf]/x]5 . To:t} of] ;+u|x lgsfNg nfUbf vl8\sPsf] cefjnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]u, ;Nnfx / dfu{lgb]{z ug]{ sfsf ;"o{axfb'/ >]i7, dfdfx? Gf/fo0fbfz >]i7, rqmgf/fo0f >]i7, e/t >]i7, legfh' uLtsf/ ef]nf >]i7, bfh' l6sf >]i7 -sf7df08f}+_, bfh' nId0f >]i7o"=P;=P=_, ;xkf7L cfTdLo dLqx? Uf]kfnk|;fb sfˆn], dflqsf sfˆn], lbg]z zdf{ -sfˆn]_, dfwj sfˆn], k'iff]{Qd sfˆn], /fhg sfˆn], d]3/fh clwsf/L, uf]ljGbk|;fb kf}8]n -l;Gw'nL_,;fyL k|Lltsf k|wfg -l;lSsd, ef/t_ / ;xsdL{ ;fyLx? Clif/fd ahufO{F, ;f]gs'df/ cfn] -tgx"F_, l8lNnk|;fb pkfWofo, /fh' zdf{ rkfO{F -kj{t_, lvd {lkl8tÚ-u'NdL_, j'l4axfb'/ /fgfef6, sdn e'h]n, /fs]z u'?Ë, xl/ s'jF/ -sf:sL_, /fh /fO{ {ufpFn]Ú cf]vn9'Ëf_, /Tg tfdfË-df]/Ë_, e'k]Gb| lji6-bfË_, s]bf/ /fO{ ef]hk'/_, nf]saxfb'/ r]Dhf]Ë, ljsfz g]DjfË, o'j/fh kf08] -emfkf_, lblnk vgfn-dxf]Q/L_ xfn o"=P=O{= x?k|lt xflb{ s s[t1tf jfx]s c? s] lbg ;S5' / . dfgj g xf] . h;nfO{ klg lj/x / j]bgfn] 5f]Psf] x'G5 . en} t'ngfTds lx;fjn] s;}nfO{ w]/} s;}nfO{ yf]/} xf]nf . o; ;+u|xdf ;+u|lxt uLtx?n] af]Ng vf]h]sf lj/x / j]bgfx? d]/f] cfˆg} x'g ;Snfg\ . sNkgf / efjgf d]/f] AolQmut xf]nfg\ . t/ ;j}sf] sNkgf / efjgf;Fu ;f6\g] k|oTg u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] syf /
Aoyfx?nfO{ ;j}sf] lj/x / j]bgfsf] ;femf agfpg ;s]sf] v08df dfq d ;kmn ePsf] 7fGb5' . h'g uLtx? k9\bf, ;'Gbf kf7s / ;|f]tfx?n] cfkm\g} ePsf] cg'ej ug{ ;sf];\ . n]Vg' eg]sf] efjgf AoQm ug{' xf] . efjgf dfglzQmfsf] pkh xf] . dfglzQmf w]/} s'/fx?n] k|]l/t / b|ljt x'g] ub{5 . o;nfO{ jfXo / cfGtl/s jftfj/0fn] k|efljt kf/]sf] x'G5 . h:tf] dfglzQmf 5 To:t} efjgf AoQm x'g] ub{5 . To;sf/0f d]/f oL uLtx? klg ToxL dfglzQmfsf] pkh xf] . d}n] of] uLtx? ljb]zL e"lddf a:bf dgleq pln{Psf] lj/x / j]bgfnfO{ uLtdf kf]v]sf] x'F . To:tf jftfj/0fsf] >[hgf ul/lbg] ufpF, ;dfh, ;/sf/, k]|ldsf, / dfg]sf cfkmGtx?nfO{ c? t s] egF' / v} wGojfb ;j}nfO{ . h–h;n] To:tf jftfj/0f >[hgf ul/lbP . cj oL uLtx?k|lt d}n] n]Vg' / eGg' kg]{ s'/fx? s]xL 5}g . ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx? d]/f cu|h slj, ;dfnf]rs, kf7s, / z'elrGtsx? ;dIf 5f]8\b} :jR5 cfnf]rgfsf] kvf{O{d f al;/x]sf] 5' . s]bf/ >]i7 …uugÚ ljqmd ;+at @)^% ;+o'Qm c/j O{ld/]6\;
k|sfzsLo efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[lt xfd|f ;DklQ x'g\ . oL Ps csf{ ljgf k'/s x'g ;Sb}gg\ . cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhn] g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltsf] hu]gf{ ub}{ ljZjdf cfˆgf] hfnf] k}mnfO{ /x]sf] 5 . clxn] O{d]n / OG6/g]6 dfkm{t ljZjdf hxfF g]kfnLx? 5g\ ToxfF g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ zflGt If]q g]kfnsf] klxrfg lbO{/x]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh zflGt / ;flxTosf] ;Gb]z lnP/ ljZjsf] s'gf sfKrfdf hxfF g]kfnLx? 5g\ ToxfF k'lu/x]sf] 5 . /fli6|o If]qdf, ljZjsf] ljleGg b]zx?df / cd]l/sfs} ljleGg /fHox?df u/]/ em08} ^) s]Gb| tyf RofK6/x? v'ln;s]sf 5g\ . cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfhsf ljleGg RofK6/x?n] a]nf a]nfdf ;flxlTos k':tsx? k|sfzg ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{d f cg];f; o"PO{n] klg :yfkgfsf] 5f]6f] ;dodf g} ;flxlTos k':tsx? k|sfzg ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] 5 . ;flxTosf/ s]bf/ >]i7 ÆuugÆåf/f lnlvt Æ;kgfsf] ;+;f/af6Æ sljtf tyf uLt ;+u|x ut ;fn k|sflzt ul/;s]sf] 5 eg] cGo sljtf ;+u|x tyf pkGof; klg k|sfzg u/]sf] 5 . eljZodf cg];f; o"PO{n] uhn ;+u|x tyf sljtf ;+u|x klg k|sfzg ub}{5 . ;flxTosf/ s]bf/ >]i7 ÆuugÆåf/f lnlvt of] t]>f] s[lt ÆlIflth k/Æ uLt ;+u|x cg];f; o"PO{ RofK6/n] k|sfzg ug{ kfPsf]d f uj{ ub{5 / eljZodf cGo s[ltx? klg k|sfzg ug]{ hdsf]{ ub{5 . cg];f; o"PO{ RofK6/ ;flxTosf/ s]bf/ >]i7ÆuugÆnfO{ xflb{s cfef/ AoQm ub{5 . ;fy} pxfFsf] of] s[ltsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf klg ub{5 .
g]kfnL efiff ;flxTo clg snf / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf; ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] qmddf of] uLt ;+u|x ;flxlTos sf];]nL:j?k tkfO{Fx? ;fd' k'¥ofpg kfpbf xfdLnfO{ w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] 5 . cGTodf ljhof bzdL tyf z'e lbkfjnLsf] kfjg cj;/df ;+;f/el/ 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnL ;flxTosf/ tyf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL bfh'efO tyf lbbL–alxgLx?df xflb{s d+undo z'e – sfdgf AoQm ub{5f}+ . afnrGb| kf]v | ] n cWoIf cg]; f; o" P O{ RofK6/ o"P O{
;dk{0f cfdf >LdtL O{Gb|s'df/L >]i7
elGyg\ d]/L cfdf 7"nf]eGbf c;n dfG5] aGg" cfˆg} b]zsf] cfˆg} e]ifsf] O{Hht arfO{ /fVg" oxL b]z, ufpF;dfh, /Lltl/jfh xfd|f] cfˆgf] eGg' oxL b]zdf sd{ u/L g]kfnsf] gfd ;w}+ pFrf] /fVg" . / d]/f uLtx?sf] ;Dk"0f{ kfqx?nfO{
;okqL / dvdnL
xfdL Pp6}
;okqL / dvdnL km'nL, 3/jf/L 9fSbf] xf]
/f]P em}+ nfU5 cfhef]ln lsg lsg lxdfn klg
bz}+ / ltxf/ cfkmGt 8fSb} /demd cfpbf] xf] .
gbL aUbf lxpF kUnL ;ª\nf] kfgL agL .
afaf / cfdf cIftf d'5L a:b} xf]nfg\ dnfO{ kv]{/
laZjsf] 5fgf] ;u/dfyfnfO{ gagfpm xf]rf]
yfnLdf eft k:s]/ a:nfg\ dnfO{ s'/]/ k/fO{sf] 5f]/f cfPsf] b]Vbf dg s;/L a'‰ bf] xf] lk9L+df a;L d]/} ofbdf w/w/L ?Fbf] xf] . k|f0f Kof/L ;Demgf d]6\g t:jL/ x]l5{g\ xf]nf emNsf] cfpFbf af/Lsf] l8ndf s'b]/ hflG5g\ xf]nf sfvdf RofkL nfnf / jfnf d]/} s'/f ubL{ xf] ;kgf jLr /ftdf Ao"FemL dnfO{ vf]HbL xf] .
!÷lIflth k/
cfkm}+–cfkm}+ km'6]/ lsg agfpg' b]znfO{ vf]6f] Ps csf{ xft]dfnf] u/f}+ dft[e"ldnfO{ ?jfpg' ;f6f] ;d"Ggt agfcf}+ b]znfO{ kfpg\ ;a}n] cf]9\gnfO{ vf:6f] . Ps ?Fbf csf]{ xfF:g] ;an] 5f8f}+ afgL æefO km'6] ujf/ n'6]Æ cfkm}+nfO{ u5{ xfgL aGw'Tjsf] efjgf hufcf}+ cfˆgf]–cfˆg} 7fgL Pp6} cfdfsf] ;Gtfg xfdL gaf/f}+ x} kfgL .
@÷lIflth k/
dfofsf] ufpF vf]Hb}
dgleqsf 5fnx?
h+unsf] jf6f] x'Fb} cfPF d t sfG5Lsf] ufpF vf]hL
Dfgleqsf 5fnx? lsg cfFvfaf6 5lNslbG5
xfjf;Fu} wfPF d t cfFvfel/ /x/ af]sL .
5f8L hfg]sf] t:jL/ lsg cfFvfel/ emlNslbG5 .
kxf8 / eGHofË x'Fb}
slt dL7f lyP
l5rf]Nb} cK7\of/f tL af6fx?
cflnËgdf ljt]sf tL lbgx?
Affbn;Fu} n'sfdf/L ub}{
cdnf / jo/ vfFb}
dl:s/xg] k|fs[lts 56fx? .
jgkfvf 3'd]sf tL If0fx? .
sf]OnL / 8fFkm];Fu} ufpFb} gfFRb} cfPF d t sfG5Lsf] ufpF vf]hL
b'a} ldnL /f]k]sf tL 7"nf eP j/kLkn
xfjf;Fu} wfPF d t cfFvfel/ /x/ af]sL .
jn u/]/ x'Gg /}Ú5 dfof k|Llt ;kmn .
rf}tf/Ldf ysfO dfb}{
;kgLdf cfO lsg
sf6\b} u'/fF; km'Ng] 8fF8fx?
aNemfO lbG5f} 3fpx?
sxLF xf]rf, sxLF cUnf
cl3 a9\g vf]Hbf
sf]OnL / GofpnL ufpFg] kfvfx? .
lsg sfD5g\ d]/f kfpx? .
x]/]/ gyflsg] tL cfFvfx? x]g{ cfPF d t sfG5Lsf] ufpF vf] hL
;fob xf]nf p;sf] ;fy gkfP/
xfjf;Fu} wfPF d t cfFvfel/ /x/ af]sL .
6f9f x'g] dfG5] ;kgLdf gcfpm ;tfP/ .
#÷lIflth k/
$÷lIflth k/
km"n
j}+zfn' af9L
km"n alg km"lnlbof} d lx8\g] jf6}el/
htf x]5'{ j}zfn' jf9L b]V5' nf}g dnfO{ tf/Lb]pm
ed/fx? em'lDdPnfg\ lsg eof} k/L <
of}jgsf] e]nn] nfg nfUof] dnfO{ sf]xL arfOb]pm .
d':sfgn] n¶} kfg]{ gh/n] af]Ng]
sxfF 5f} dgsf] /fhf rfF8} cfpm d]/f] dg dlGb/df
/x/ 5 x} d]/f] ltdLnfO{ leqL lbn vf]Ng]
c+ufnf]df sl;b]pm dnfO{ of] 5f]6f] hLjgdf
sf]lknf e} kmlqmlbof} 9sdSs ef] zx/
ef]s, ltvf{ s]xL 5}g /ftdf lg+b ;a} efU5
hlt x]/\of] plt x]/f}F nfUg] emg} a9\g] /x/ .
plDnPsf] b'w h:t} j}+z ;w}+el/ kf]lvg dfq vf]H5 .
km'ln a; ;w}F ltdL sfF8f d agL lbpFnf
/S;L lkP em}+ dflQP5' cfhef]ln j}+zfn' gzfn]
;bfaxf/ eOb]pm ltdL O{Zj/ efsL lbpFnf
lsg cfof] kfkL j}+z dnfO{ s'g lbgsf] bzfn]
v'zL /flvb]pm O{Zj/ p;nfO{ gb]pm kL8fsf] hx/
slxn] xf]nf d]/f] pgn] j]x'nL agfO{ nfg] lbg
5fO/xf];\ hLjgel/ p;sf] v'zLsf] nx/ .
;lDemb}5' s:tf] xf]nf cfkm"n] cfkm}+nfO{ e'n]sf] l5g\ .
%÷lIflth k/
^÷lIflth k/
km'n]sf] km"n km'n]sf] km"n h:t} xf] ls d]/f] of}jg lgi7'/Lsf] ofbd} ljTg] ef] ls of] 5f]6f] hLjg . s'g lbg s] e"n u/]F d}n] s;n] lbof] >fk cfkm}F lx8\g] af6f]el/ cfkm}Fn] yfk]5' w/fk jqm/]vfh:tf] nfUof] xh'/ lhGbuLsf] af6f] j];f/]n] wf]sf lbO{ lgZrn dfofsf] ;f6f] . ghfg]/} dfof nfO5' d}n] e"n eof] x/] j}u'gLsf] hfndf km:bf cfห gf eGg] ;a} 6f9f /x] Psf]xf]l/P/ kl5 nfUbf k/fO;Fu} pgL hfFbf
kmls{ cfpg" ;lDemP/ kmls{ cfpg" klv{ a;'Fnf cfF6f] lk7f] h] 5 3/df ksfO /fv'Fnf . nf]Ug] dfG5] s'GgL lsg e/ x'Fb}g eG5g\ 3/sf] lj;L{ htf /fd|f pt} dg nfG5g\ hxfF uP lg dg g8'nfpg" klv{ a;'Fnf cfF6f] lk7f] h] 5 3/df ksfO /fv'Fnf . k/fO 7fpF, k/fO dfG5] s7} eGg] sf]xL x'Gg kmls{ cfpm rfF8} 3/ cfkm\g} vf]l/ofaf/L vGg ltdL cfpg] af6f] x]/L kfqf] sf]b}{ a;F'nf cfF6f] kL7f] h] 5 3/df ksfO /fv'F"nf .
a]r}g 5 dg d]/f] lgZ7"/Ln] af6f] df]l8lb+bf .
&รทlIflth k/
*รทlIflth k/
hLjg;fyL
cfkm"eGbf Kof/f] dfof
of] bz}+df cfpg ;lsg ePg eg]sf] s'/f
;w}+el/ p;nfO{ ;DemL ;DemL dg ?G5 lsg <
lgi7"/L geGb]pm ug{ ;lsg jrg Tof] k" /f .
d}n] dfof cfkm"nfO{ eGbf a9L uy]{ xf] ls x}g eg .
/f]of] xf]nf dg ltd|f] d 6f9f eOlbbf
lar af6f]d} x/fP5' lIflth k/ hfg vf]Hbf
56k6Ldf lbg laTof] xf]nf ememNsf] cfOlbbf
larNnLdf k/]F d t ;fu/sf] df]lt /f]Hbf
dg sxfF lyof] / dg ltd|f] ?jfpg]
ef]s, ltvf{, gL+b ;a} ;w}+el/ efU5 lsg <
hLjg ;fyLsf] lbnlrQ b'vfpg] .
d}n] dfof cfkm"nfO{ eGbf a9L uy]{ xf] ls x}g eg .
of] ;fn o:t} ef] 5f]/f]nfO{ x]/]/ dg a'emfpm
sxfF x'G5 dfofsf] lsgf/ lIflth eGbf 6f9f
/ft lbg ;DemL ;DemL cfF;' e'Odf gv;fpm
gd]l6g] bfu nfUof] vu|f; u|x0feGbf uf9f
x'Gg /}ร 5 k/b]zdf ;a} s'/f eg]sf]
rGb|dfsf] Hof]lt vf]Hbf jfbnleq x/fP5' lsg <
emNsf] cfpF5 ;Fu;Fu} s'd hf]8L lxF8]sf] .
d}n] dfof cfkm"nfO{ eGbf a9L uy]{ xf] ls x}g eg .
(รทlIflth k/
!)รทlIflth k/
e"tk"j{ dfofn'
lgdf]{xL dfof
lj;{g]nfO{ ;DemL ;DemL dg p8L pt} hfG5
cfFvfn] af]NyL, cfFvfaf6} nhfpFyL
sNkgfn] tfGb} tfGb} clttlt/ nfG5 .
slxFn]sfxLF+ gaf]n]/ dnfO{ ;tfpFyL cfh 5f8]/ uO{ lgdf]{xL dfofn] .
ufFp a]zL ;a}lt/ d]/} s'/f rN5 yfxf lyPg cfˆg} dfG5]n] 5'/f w;L df5{
cfFvfaf6 s'/f ug]{ dfG5] :jfyL{ xF'bf /Ú}5g\
To} klg v} lsg x/ /ft p;}nfO{ ;lDemP/ hfG5
b'O{ d'6' Pp6} w6\sg eGg] dfG5]n] rfF8} e'Nbf /}Ú5g\
sNkgfn] tfGb} tfGb} clttlt/ nfG5 .
s;d vfFb} cfFvfaf6 cfF;' v;fpFyL slxn]sfxL+ gaf]n]/ dnfO{ ;tfpFyL
Psf]xf]/\ofP/ cfkm\g} dgnfO{ cfkm}+ afWg vf]H5'
cfh 5f8]/ uO{ lgdf]{xL dfofn] .
dg gnfu] klg clnslt la;{gnfO{ lkp5' dflQP/ n¶} k/] klg dg p;}lt/ hfG5
cfFvfn] g} d]/f] dg x/L n¶ kf/L dnfO{
sNkgfn] tfGb} tfGb} clttlt/ nfG5 .
vfu agfO{ dg d]/f] lhpFb} dnfO{ hnfO{ b'Mv ;'vsf s'/f ub}{ xftn] xft ;dfpFyL slxn]sfxL+ gaf]n]/ dnfO{ ;tfpFyL cfh 5f8]/ uO{ lgdf]{xL dfofn] .
!!÷lIflth k/
!@÷lIflth k/
hjfgLsf] e"n
g]kfn b]z
Åbob]lv dfof u/]F ;+;f/ e"n]/
;u/dfyf zL/ xfd|f] t/fO{ xfd|f] 5flt g]kfnLsf] jL/ ufyf ;j}eGbf dfly .
lgi7"/Ln] af6f] df]8L dnfO{ 5f8]/ . e"n u/]F5' d}n] hjfgLdf k|]d u/]/ a];f/]n] kfun agfO{ dg d]/f] rf]/]/
pQ/lt/ lxpF km'Ng] ;]t} lxdfn xfd|f] t/fO{df cGg kmNg] kxf8sf] nx/ ;fx|} /fd|f] jNnf] 8fF8f, kNnf] 8fF8f sf]OnL ufpF5g\ ;fyL g]kfnLsf] jL/ ufyf ;a}eGbf dfly .
pgL;Fu} xF'bf n¶} x"Gy] ;+;f/ e"n]/ lgi7"/Ln] af6f] df]8L dnfO{ 5f8]/ . rGb|df em}+ d'xf/ eP klg sfnf] /}Ú5 dg
em/gf x]/ p;} /fd|f] kxf8af6 em/L kL/ Joyf ;a} efuf];\ d]rL sfnL kfl/ dgd'6fa / O{Zof{, å];nfO{ 8fF8} s6fpF ;fyL g]kfnLsf] jL/ ufyf ;a}eGbf dfly .
:jfyL{nfO{ lnnfdL ef] dfof 7"nf] /}Ú5 wg s'/f ;'Gbf dVv} k/]F ;+;f/ e"n]/ lgi7"/Ln] af6f] df]8L dnfO{ 5f8]/ .
kxf8el/ u'/fF; km'Ng] /ft} emg} /fd|f] zLtn, zfGt, a'4sf] b]z g]kfn xfd|f] e[s'6L / ;Ltf 5f]/L xfd|f a'4 dgsf] ;fyL g]kfnLsf] jL/ ufyf ;a}eGbf dfly . d]rL, sf]zL, sfnL aU5g\ ;fx}| sGrg kfgL :jtGq / cu|ufdL b]z xfd|f] oxL cfFvfsf] gfgL k/]jfx? k+v lkmFhfO p8\5g\ dfly dfly g]kfnLsf] jL/ ufyf ;j}eGbf dfly .
!#÷lIflth k/
!$÷lIflth k/
ktem8 dg clnslt lhpg] OR5f knfP/ cfof] ktem8 efÚsf] dgleq dfofsf] 6';f knfof] . s:tf] x'G5 dfof eGg] s'/f k/fO cfkm\gf] x'g] b'O{ lbg 6f9f eP PsfGtdf PSn} a;L ?Fg] pbf; d]/f] hLjgdf clnslt jxf/ cfof] ktem8 efÚsf] dgleq dfofsf] 6';f knfof] . dg k/]sf] dfG5] /fd|f] lxF8fO, jf]nfO emg} /fd|f] s;n] 5'6fpg ;S5 b'O{ cfTdfsf] hf]8L xfd|f] p/f7 nfUbf] hLjgdf clnslt jxf/ cfof] ktem8 efÚsf] dgleq dfofsf] 6';f knfof] .
dglqsf kL8fx? ef]u]sf tL ;'v b'Mv clnslt hf]Vg dg nfUof] dglqsf kL8fx? sxL+ st} kf]Vg dg nfUof] . ;'v b'Mv v} s:tf] Ps uP csf]{ cfpF5 b'Mv kl5 ;'v cfpF5 eGy] t/ b'Mvn] dfq ;tfpF5 /x/ / sx/x? clnslt hf]Vg dg nfUof] dgleqsf kL8fx? sxL+st} kf]Vg dg nfUof] . ;'v eP ;j}sf] xfOxfO x'Gy] x'Fnf b'Mvdf sf]xL ePg ljwftfn] s] n]lvlbof] dg zfGt slxn] /x]g uPsf / ePsf s'/fx? clnslt hf]Vg dg nfUof] dgleqsf kL8fx? sxL+st} kf]Vg dg nfUof] .
!%÷lIflth k/
!^÷lIflth k/
afafsf] sfv
c+s'/fpg nfu]sf] dfof
afafsf] sfv s:tf] x'G5 yfxf d}n] kfOg
pgL d ;Fu} a:bf lx8\bf b'lgofFn] s'/f sf6]
cfdfsf] sfv ;fx|} Gofgf] b'Mv d}n] kfOg .
c+s'/fpg nfu]sf] dfofnfO{ sf]lknfd} df/] .
lgi7"/L jfjf ;fg} 5' d t xftdf ;dfOb]pm
clnslt d wfPF clnslt pgL wfOg\
sfrf] df6f] jfns x'F d c;n af6f] b]vfOb]pm
;w}+ x]b}{, e]6\b} hfFbf dgsL /fgL eOg\
sd{sf] kmn jf efUosf] v]n cs}{nfO{ cufNof}+
yf]/} dfof pgsf] lnO w]/} dfof ;f6F]
sf]dn dg cfdfsf] d]/f] cfuf]n];l/ hnfof}+ .
c+s'/fpg nfu]sf] dfofnfO{ sf]lknfd} df/] .
x]nfsf] km]nf k/f}+nf jfjf PskN6 ;f]lrb]pm
xfFl;b]pm d}n] x]bf{ gq b'Mv nfU5 eGyL
la;]{/ klg ;GtfgnfO{ ;DemL ;fgLdf gNofOb]pm
l;Gb'/ l6sf nfpg] lbg cf}+nf efRb} ;w}+ uGyL
gf/L eO lsg gf/L s} d'6' cfpF5g\ sf6\gnfO{
hxfF uPร lg ;Fu} hfpmF eGb} uyL{ dl/xQ]
cfdfsf] xft klxn] ;dfTof} lsg knkn dfg{nfO{ .
c+s'/fpg nfu]sf] dfofnfO{ sf]lknfd} df/] .
!&รทlIflth k/
!*รทlIflth k/
Dffof Kof/f]
lsg lsg lxhf] cfh
Dffof Kof/f] x'Gg /}Ú5 lx/fdf]lt rfxfg]nfO{
lsg lsg lxhf] cfh l;Gw'nLnfO{ x':;'n] 9fs]sf] 5
/f]O lx8\g' knf{ x} dnfO{ 5f8L hfg]nfO{ .
rf8} kmls{ cfpm ufpF3/n] ltdLnfO{ 8fFs]sf] 5 .
kTy/ lrGg ;lhnf] /}Ú5 ufx|f] /}Ú5 dfG5] lrGg
ltdL otf eP ufpF3/} pHofnf] x'G5
5f8L hfg] t v'zL 5] xf]nL ufx|f] ef] dnfO{ ;xg
v]tjf/Lsf] sfGnf b]Vbf dg d]/f] ?G5
dg afwL /fVg vf]Hbf /f]Sg ;lSbg cfF;'nfO{
sdnf / dl/gn] v]tjf/L sf6]sf] 5
/f]O{ lx8\g' knf{ dnfO{ 5f]8L hfg]nfO{ .
v08x/ u9L b/jf/n] ltdLnfO{ 8fFs]sf] 5.
g5'l6g] ;fy eGyL ;kgLsf] e]6 /}Ú5
p2]Zo lng' ltdLn] rGb|dfdf k'Ug]
;f/fËLsf] uLt eGg' lj/xsf] hLt /}Ú5
hxfF uPÚlg sfd gug"{ b]zsf] zL/ em'Sg]
dgsf] Joyf uLtdf kf]Vg sf]xL 5}g ;'GgnfO{
afz]Zj/ / ljlthf]/df h'gf/ kfs]sf] 5
/f]O lx8\g' knf{ dnfO{ 5f]8L hfg]nfO{ .
ufpFj]zL / jgkfvfn] ltdLnfO{ 8fs]sf] 5 .
!(÷lIflth k/
@)÷lIflth k/
xNsf xNsf
cefjsf] lhGbuL
gSsnL d}ofsf] gv/f xNsf xNsf
;Fu} a;L lk/ltsf] uLt ufP x'GYof]
ltd|f] gfddf lkPF dlb/f xNsf xNsf .
hLjgel/ g5'lยงg] gftf nfP x'GYof] .
j]OdfgLn] r6Ss} e'n]/ uO{ dnfO{
lk/ltsf] v8]/Ln] of] Hofg uNg nfUof]
d eg] ltd|} ofbdf t8\lk/f xNsf xNsf .
of] dfofsf] ;fu/df 8'Ag kfP x'GYof] .
j}u'gLsf] dg t 9'ร } x'G5 Sof/]
rf]/L rf]/L x]/L dfq s] x'GYof] /
d]/f] d'6'df lj5f]8sf] ;'O/f xNsf xNsf .
;'gsf]zLsf] kfgL 5f]O s;d klg vfP x'GYof] .
j];f/] t cs}{;Fu /dfO/x]sL xf]nL
af6}el/ d':sfg 5b}{ lsg 6f9f efU5f} <
d rflxF ;w}+ /f]O/f xNsf xNsf .
slxn]sfxLF otflt/ klg wfP x'GYof] .
p2]Zo lnPsf] lyPF s] s] g ug]{
cefjn] dfq of] uugnfO{ 9fS5 lsg <
t/ uugsf] hLjgdf wld/f xNsf xNsf .
km"n}km"nsf] jxf/ klg slxn]sfxL+ cfP x'GYof] .
@!รทlIflth k/
@@รทlIflth k/
;fx|} /fd|L d]/L dfof
w/fk
d]/L dfof ;fx|} /fd|L afGsL k/]sf]
;Demgfdf t8\lkG5g\ dfof 6f9f x'Fbf
xfF;L v'zL ;w}+ a:g] :ju{af6} em/]sf] .
dg{nfO{ 8/fpb}gg\ dfof uf9f x'Fbf .
;'s]fdn z/L/df 5f]O ;Fu} a:bf
sf]xL b]V5' lj5f]8n] 7"nf] dfG5] ag]sf]
nfU5 b'Mv si6, lk/, Joyf ;a} 6/]sf] .
sf]xL b]V5' cfˆgf] v'§fdf cfkm}+n] aGr/f] xfg]sf] e]6\g', 5'6\g', ?g', xfF:g' ;dosf] lgolt
PSn} x'Fbf ;DemG5' tL klxn]sf lbgx?
a'em]/ a'‰g} g;lsg] a];f/]sf] lk/lt .
5]p kbf{ nhfP/ k/k/ pgL ;/]sf] . dg k/]sf] ;a} sxfF kfpg ;lsG5 / dVv} k5'{ d t pgsf] ?k x]/L
efUo cfkm}+n] agfpg' k5{ n]v]/ sxfF n]lvG5 /
km';{bd} agfP5g\ O{Zj/n] lx/fdf]lt h8]sf] .
s;}nfO{ dg k/fpg' xFbf]/x]5 clezfk lhGbuLsf] uf]/]6f]df cfkm}+n] yfK5g\ w/fk .
uugsf] cfFugdf nfu]sf] sfnf] jfbn x6fpgsf] nflu xfjf eO pgL rn]sf] .
@#÷lIflth k/
@$÷lIflth k/
h'gL–h'gL
d'6'el/sf] dfof
h'gL–h'gL jfFr ltdL d t dl/ ;s]+ cf]OlnPsf] kft ePF d t eml/ ;s]F .
tf/f l6kL x}g d'6'el/sf] dfof lbpFnf ltdLnfO{ d]/f] hLjgdf cfOb]pm ;lSbg ltdLljgf afFRgnfO{ .
PsfGtdf ;Fu} a:bf lhGbuLsf] s'/f uYof}{ slxn] ltd|f], slxn] d]/f] b'Mv ;'v b'a} af8\Yof} t/ cfh ;Demgfdf dfq /x\of] Tof] ;fy la;]{/ lsg uof} ltdL 6f9f lbP/ dnfO{ 3ft . rf}tf/Ldf j/ geO lkkn PSn} x'Fbf sxfF hfpF, s] u?F afFRg} dg x'Gg lg/fzfn] 5'Fbf dfof s] xf] eGg] s'/f jNn yfxf kfPF cd[t elg lkPsf] t ljif} ljifsf] vfPF .
@%÷lIflth k/
gcf]Olng] dfof u5{' nfvf}nfv h'gL;Dd cGtxLg ofqf ;Fu} u/f}+ ef}lts z/L/ /x];Dd . ltdL ljgf d]/f] hLjg h"gljgfsf] /ft h:tf] cK;/f em}+ /fd|L ltdL dvdnL km"nh:tf] . slxFn]sfxLF+ l/;fOlbbf sfG5L elg af]nfpFnf afWotfn] 6f9f ePF eg] ;lDemP/ kmls{ cfpFnf .
@^÷lIflth k/
Åbosf] kfgfel/
xh'/
Åbosf] kfgfel/ ltd|f] t:jL/ cfFvfel/ dfof
kxf8sf] km]b}df d]/f] 5 ufd xh'/
htf hfpFm, h;f] u?F ;fyd} ltd|f] 5fofF .
ul/jsf] 5f]/f] k/]F uug d]/f] gfd xh'/ .
psfnLsf] rf}tf/Ldf lj/xsf] uLt ufpF5'
sfd vf]Hbf h'Qf rKkn kmf6\of] hLjg klg
56k6fpb} PsfGtl;t ltd|} s'/f u5{'
cfˆgf dfG5] geP kl5 gkfOg] sfd xh'/ .
hfpF eg] cUnf] 8fF8f sfF8}sfF8f af6f]el/ ;fFemkvsf] ltd|} ofbn] hfu} x'G5' /ftel/ .
cfz}cfzdf xfdL d5f}{ o;d} lklN;P/ x'g] vfg]nfO{ g} k'/:sf/sf vfd xh'/ .
tL uFfhn' cfFvf x]g{ 6f]nfp5g\ oL cfFvfx? ;'Gg] nfU5 ufO{afv|f r/fpb} 3'd]sf jgkfvfx?
y'k|} x'G5g\ dfG5]x? l9nf] cfof]u v'Nbf
;fx|} /fd|f] nfU5 dnfO{ p;sf] Tof] ufFhn' cfFvf
5}g xfdL;Fu a'emfpgnfO{ ToxfF bfd xh'/ .
cfwf ;kgf, cfwf ljkgf p;sf] d]/f] k|]dsf] syf . sxfF hfpFm, s] u?F hLjgb]lv xf/ vfP of] j}/fuLsf] hfg] 5}g sxL+ klg 7fd xh'/ .
@&÷lIflth k/
@*÷lIflth k/
j];f/] dfof
d]/f] uLtsf] ;'/ ltdL
rf]/]sf] dfof s] dfof d'6's} dfof nufpFnf
l/;fPsf] 5 eG5f} c/] 5}g l/;fsf]
j];f/] dfof s] dfof cfFv}df dfof ;hfpFnf .
ltdL afx]s lbnleq c? 5}g ;hfsf] .
hF3f/x? w]/} x'G5g\ dfofdf ;fu/ klg t/f}+nf
d y]lug] wlt{ ltdL kfOnf rfNg] af6f]
vfnL ePsf] lbnsf] s'jf dfofn] km]l/ e/f}+nf
cfkm"nfO{ eGbf dfof u5{' af]Nof x}g em'6f]
5'lﾂｧg] dfof s] dfof g5'6\g] dfof nfufpFnf
5fltleq dfof n'sfO aflx/ cs}{ s'/f u5f}{
j];f/] dfof s] dfof cfFv}df dfof ;hfpFnf .
k|]d kfun agfO{ dnfO{ lsg efUg vf]H5f} .
af6f]df ePsf sfF8fnfO{ b'j} ldnL x6fpFnf
d}n] ufpg] uLtsf] ;"/ ltdL ;f/fﾃ記sf] tf/
gd"gf hf]8L ;+;f/df ;a}nfO{ xfdL b]vfpFnf
s] eg]/ laZjf; lbnfpF d]/f] hLjgsf] ;f/
:jfyL{ dfof s] dfof lgM:jfyL{ dfof nufpFnf
;ft} ;"/ xf}+ d]/f] ;+lutsf] lsg l/;fpy]F /
j];f/] dfof s] dfof cfFv}df dfof ;hfpFnf .
d}n] eGof dfG5f} eg] nfG5' eufP/ .
@(ﾃｷlIflth k/
#)ﾃｷlIflth k/
hLjg eGg' o:t} /}Ú5
k/b]zdf
hLjg eGg' o:t} /}Ú5 ;'v b'Mv ;fy} x'g]
k/b]zdf ufpF3/sf] ofbn] ;tfpbf] /}Ú5
;'v cfP xfF;L v'zL b'Mv eP PSn} ?g] .
d]/L cfdfn] eg]sf s'/fx? emNsf] cfO{ /}Ú5 .
;'v b'Mv ;fyL xfd|f] h:t} hLjg ;fyL;l/
d eGy] ;fgf] 5Fbf 7"nf] dfG5] aG5'
Ps uP csf]{ cfpF5 Ct'h:t} hLjgel/
b'Mvn] leh]sf] hLjg ;'vn] w'G5'
;+;f/sf] 1fgL dfG5] b'Mv kfP ctflng' x'Gg
o;s} nflu C0f sf8L k/b]zlt/ nfu]F
ef}lts ;'v To:t} p:t} cfkm}+nfO{ k5{ lrGg .
sxLF gvfPsf] x08/ uf]Qf vfg';Dd vfPF .
b'Mv kl5 ;'v cfpF5 eGg] cfzf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg
elGyg\ d]/L cfdf 7"nf] eGbf c;n dfG5] aGg"
dg a'emfpg} g;sL ?g yfN5g\ ;fx|} cGhfg\ alg
cfˆg} b]zsf], cfˆg} e]ifsf] O{Hht arfO{ /fVg"
;fx|} ;:tf] eof] cfF;' clnslt v'zLnfO{ ;fFr
oxL b]z, ufpF ;dfh, /Lltl/jfh xfd|f] cfˆgf] eGg'
l/;, /fu, nf]e, df]x ;a} TofuL j'4 eO{ afFr
#!÷lIflth k/
.
oxL b]zdf sd{ u/L g]kfnsf] gfd ;w}+ pFrf] /fVg" .
#@÷lIflth k/
kL8fsf] lem/
d]/L cfdf / sfG5L
kL8fsf] lem/df plgPÚlg jfFr]sf] 5' df5L e}
k+IfL em} of] dg p8]/ hfG5 cfdfsf] sfv}df
gxfF; lk|o b'MvLnfO{ b]vL cfˆgf] ?k b]vfO{ .
g?Fg" sfG5L kms]{/ cfpF5' a;f}Fnf ;fy}df .
emg'{ gemg'{ Pp6f s'/f cfF;' t ;fydf 5
slxn] e]6\g', slxn] 5'6\g' ;do lgolt
ltd|f] xfF;f] / cfF;' d]/f] xftdf 5
ufpFj]zL+ ub}{, xfF:b} / v]Nb} ;f6f}+nf lk/lt
tL s'/f d}n] elglbPF eg] cfF;'n] ;fy lbg] 5
wg sdfO NofO{ ltdLnfO{ lbpFnf ;"gsf] h'xf/
;'vsf] ;fyL ge]6\g] ul/ ltdLnfO{ 5f8\g] 5 .
cfdfnfO{ ;DemfO{, 3/Aojxf/ x]b}{ kv{g" lkof/ .
cGhfgdf d}n] s'g ;fOtdf u/]5' lkof/
8FfF8fkfl/sf] h"gh:tf] cfdf cfpF5 cfFv}df
hLjgel/ ?Fg' kg]{ ef] kTy/nfO{ dg d'6' lbP/
cfdfsf] sfv, sfG5Lsf] xft ;Demgf ;fy}df
kTy/nfO{ cab]lv b]ptf elg d 9f]Ug] 5}g
;kgf b]V5' e'?F?F p8L rGb|df 5f]Psf]
hGd] eg] csf]{ h'gL k|]d d s;};Fu ug]{ 5}g .
;d'Gb|kfl/ sNkgf u5{' sfG5Lsf] ;fy}df ePsf] .
##÷lIflth k/
#$÷lIflth k/
;u/dfyf ;u/dfy r9\g vf]h]F ;lsPg r9\g lIflth k/ nIo /fv}F ;lsPg k'Ug . k'Ug] 7fpF w]/} 6f9f cfsfz eGbf w]/} dfly cl3 a9\g vf]Hbf d]/f] v'§f tfGg] nfdf] tfFtL w]/} rf]6L k|of; u/]F] slxNo} ;lsPg k'Ug ;kgfd} /x\of] ;lsPg ;u/dfyf r'Dg . 6'lqmP/ Pp6f d'6' b'O{ j6f eof] knfPsf O{R5fx? dgleq} /x\of] cfˆgf] sf] xf] k/fO{ sf] xf] ;lsPg lrGg
;lDemP/ cfh ;lDemP/ cfh pgnfO{ uLt n]Vg yfn]F sf]af6 wf]sf eof] hf]8 36fpF ug{ yfn]F . pgL cln j/ cfOg\ d cln k/ uPF lbg sf6\g] af6f];Dd pgsf] nflu ePF s'?k Tof] ?k klg cK;/f em}+ b]Vg yfn}F skL, lstfa k9\g 5f8L k|]d kq n]Vg yfn]F . e]6 xF'bf nhfpFyL gSsnL kf] /}Ú5 cfFv}df ;hfO /fv}F cs}{sL kf] e}Ú5 lal;{P/ lhp5' eGbf ;kgLdf b]Vg yfn]F pgLeGbf d cfkm}+nfO{ bf]ifL 7fGg yfn]F .
lhGbuLsf ;kgfx? ;lsPg k"/f ug{ .
#%÷lIflth k/
#^÷lIflth k/
dfof dgsL /fgL cs}{;Fu /Dg yfnL cfh dfof dgsL /fgL cfFv}df ;hfO /fv]F t/ v/fj /}ร 5 jfgL . b'lgofFsf] cfFvf 5ln e]6 uYof}{ xfdL xfF;L v'zL /dfO{ a:Yof} Vofn 7ยงf u/L lgi7"/L eO{ cfh pgL dfof dgsL /fgL km\ofsL lbO{ kq' agfO{ sfd gnfUg] 7fgL . ;'v b'Mv ;f6\\Yof} vfg] s'/f af8L vfGYof} ufpFj]zL+ 3fF;bfp/f ;Fu;Fu} hfGYof} k/fO{ eO{ cfh pgL dfof dgsL /fgL
bf]jf6f] bf]jf6f]df ;w}+ a:5f} s;nfO{ xf] s'/]sL sf]/L, af6L ufFhn nufO{ j]+zLlt/ em/]sL . ?k b]Vbf x]/f}+ nfUg] cfFvf /fd|f] emg} x]bf{ x]b}{ a]xf]l;G5' xf]; x/fO{ p8LlbG5 dg} ufpFn] 5f]/L rf}jGbL / kml/ofdf rยง k/]sL sf]/L, af6L ufFhn nufO{ j]+zLlt/ em/]sL . olt /fd|L k/L d}n] b]Vof lyOg s}n] :ju{af6} em/]h:tf] nfUof] b]v]F kl5 P]n] gf/L :jefa b]vfO{ cfFvf dnfO{ t/]sL sf]/L, af6L ufFhn nufO{ j]+zLlt/ em/]sL .
u/LjnfO{ 5f8L lbO{ e]6\bf cs}{ wgL .
#&รทlIflth k/
#*รทlIflth k/
bf]wf/
k"l0fdfsf] h"g
bf]wf/df k5f}{ lsg cfpg dfof nfOb]pm
k"l0f{dfsf] h"gdf klg bfu x'G5 elg
x'G5 eg] x'G5 eg gq x'Gg eGb]pm .
pgs} kl5 nflu /x]F kfun k|]dL alg .
Dffof ltd|f] ;"g eP lx/f dfof lbpFnf
t[li0ft cfFvf a]xf]zL dg slNk /x\of] ;w}+
;'v b'Mv h] eP lg b'a} af8L lhpnf
pgs} kl5 kfkL dg bf}8\of] dfof vf]Hb} vf]Hb}
cfgfsfgL u5f}{ lsg cfpg dfof nfOb]pm
km"nsf] ;fydf sfF8f x'G5 eGg] yfxf xF'bfx'Fb} klg
x'G5 eg] x'G5 eg gq x'Gg eGb]pm .
pgs} kl5 nflu /x]F kfun k|]dL alg .
ef}lts ;'v elGbg d dfof d'/L lbpFnf
eGb} lxl8\5g\ c/] cNnf/]n] ;Sb}g /] kfNg
RofltP plw|P dfof st} b'a} ldnL l;pFnf
bzL k|df0f vf]Hb} 5 /] cbfntdf d'4f xfNg
k/k/ ;5f}{ lsg cfpg dfof nfOb]pm
cs}{;Fu s'd hf]8L lxF8]sf] b]Vbfb]Vb} klg
x'G5 eg] x'G5 eg gq x'Gg eGb]pm .
pgs} kl5 nflu /x]F kfun k|]dL alg .
#(รทlIflth k/
$)รทlIflth k/
km"n ltdL
xfF:g vf]h]F
jNnf] 3f6 g kNnf] lt/sf] dnfO{ gkf/ x}
km'Ng vf]h]F km"n alg sf]lknf d} em/]F
d]/f] dg leq a;L ltdL 8]/f cGt} g;f/ x} .
xfF:g vf]h] h"g h:t} cf}+zL /ft em}+ ePF .
ju}rfsf] km"n ltdL jf;gfsf] wgL
Ps lkm:sf] d':sfg kfpg ufx|f] k/\of] dnfO{
:ofxf/ u5'{ d ;w}+ ltd|} dfnL alg
afFr]sf] 5' cw{lhljt PsfGtdf 6f]nfO{
hLjg ofqf ;Fu} u/f}+ of] Hofg ;vf/ x}+
afFRg vf]h]F chDa/L eO{ cfz} cfzdf d/]F
d]/f] dg leq a;L ltdL 8]/f cGt} g;f/ x} .
xfF:g vf]h]F h"g h:t} cf}+zL /ft em}+ ePF .
km"n Tof] /fd|f] b]vL cfpnfg\ w]/} l6Kg
xfjf alg 5f]O /x"F nfU5 z/L/el/ pgnfO{
ufx|f] knf{ arfO{ rf]vf] ltdLnfO{ /fVg
;DxfNgnfO{ ufx|f] eof] atfl;Psf] dgnfO{
cl:dtfnfO{ arfO{ /fv ult g5f8 x}
aUg vf]h]F gbL h:t} vx/] eO{ ;'s]F
d]/f] dg leq a;L ltdL 8]/f cGt} g;f/ x} .
xfF:g vf]h]F h"g h:t} cf}+zL /ft em}+ ePF .
$!รทlIflth k/
$@รทlIflth k/
a'โ ฐg} ufx|f] lgi7"/Lsf] dfof s;/L hfGg' d}n] pgsf] dgsf] s'/f Afflx/ dL7f] s'/f ub}{ w:g] leqleq} 5'/f . em''7f] dfof nfP klg u'nfjsf] km"n pgL Affrf ub}{ elGyg\ ;w}+ ;Fu} latfpF h'gL h'gL /x/ lyof] ;Fu} lhpg] gx'g] ef] k"/f s;/L hfGg' d}n] pgsf] dgsf] s'/f Afflx/ dL7f] s'/f ub}{ w:g] leqleq} 5'/f . Dffof nfpg' bf]if d]/f] xf] ls bf]if hjfgLsf] 6'6\of] dfof If0f e/d} alnof] xf]nf 8f]/L v/fgLsf]
xfF; ltdL ljxfgLsf] zLt ltdL lxdfn h:t} xfF; ltdL c6n / crn eO{ chDj/L afFr ltdL . cfFwL cfP ltd|f] hLjgdf kxf8 alg 5]lslbG5' /ft eP ltd|f] hLjg h"g alg em'lNslbG5' cd"No lx/fdf]lt ltdL unfel/ xfF; ltdL c6n / crn eO{ chDj/L afFr ltdL . afbn nfu] ltd|f] hLjgdf x'/L alg cfOlbG5' ktem8 eP ltd|f] hLjg jxf/ alg 5fOlbG5' ;okqL km"n ltdL zLt;Fu} xfF; ltdL c6n / crn eO{ chDj/L afFr ltdL .
ofb}ofbdf laTof] hLjg ;xf/f ef] ;"/f s;/L hfGg' d}n] pgsf] dgsf] s'/f Afflx/ dL7f] s'/f ub}{ w:g] leqleq} 5'/f .
$#รทlIflth k/
$$รทlIflth k/
j]bgf yfx} glbO, k/fO{ eO{ ltdL 6f9f uof} ulNt d]/f] x}g eG5\of} lsg dg d]/f] x/\of} . 5fl8lbO{ dnfO{ leqL s'/f ;a} d}n] vf]Nbf kfk nfU5 eG5g\ ;a} em'6f] s'/f af]Nbf ;f]emf] d t laZjf; u/L dgsf] s'/f eg]F oxL h'gLdf b]lvG5 /] cGofonfO{ ;xg ;s] . b'Mv hlt pgnfO{ x}g d}nfO{ b]pm ef]U5' v';L /xf];\ pgL ;w}+ O{Zj/ d efU5' h] u/] lg pgn] d t /fd|} u/]sf] dfG5'
jwfO{ 5 xflb{s jwfO 5 gofF ;fyL kfpg]nfO{ k|ultsf] sfdgf gofF 3/hd a;fpg]nfO{ . ;lDemP st} jfn'jfdf n]lvPsf] gfd;l/ d]l6lbg" s]xLul/ glhs cfPF eg] 5fofF ;lDem s'lNrlbg" ;'v;ondf /fvf];\ p;n] dnfO{ 5fl8 hfg]nfO{ xfF:bf xfF:b} hLjg ljtfj;\ dnfO{ ?jfO{ xfF:g]nfO{ . em/L afbn nfu] klg tf/f h:t} rlDs/xg" ?Fg' k/] d} /f]OlbpFnf ltdL lxdfn h:t} xfFl;lbg" ;fu/ eGbf ulx/f] dfof u/ gofF hLjg;fyLnfO{ dxfg dfG5' d ltd|f] lxDdltnf] Tof] 5fltnfO{ .
pgsf] ulNt x}g d]/f] g} ulNt 7fG5' .
$%รทlIflth k/
$^รทlIflth k/
;Demgfsf] cfF;'
cfdf / p;sf] ;Gtfg
;Dem]/ ltdLnfO{ /f]O{lbg dg nfU5
;lDem/xG5' ;w}+ d cfdfsf] b'w r';]sf]
e]6]/ ltdL;Fu} nLg eO{lbg dg nfU5
/f]Olbbf c+ufnf]df a]/L cfF;' d]/f] k'5]sf] .
s] ef] s] ef] dg d]/f] To;} phf8 eOlbG5 s'GgL s] n] hLjgel/ jxf/ d]/f] NofO{lbG5 .
ef]s ltvf{ geg]/ x'sf{O{ lbg] xfdLnfO{ k|;jsf] lk8f e"ln dfof lbg] xfdLnfO{
sNk]/ ltdL;Fu} /dfO/xg dg nfU5
cfdfsf] u'0f lj;L{ s;/L ag"F d hfnL
xft ltd|f] eL8ef8 st} ;dfO{ lbg dg nfU5
uf]8\d]n u/L :ofxf/ ug]{ tL x'g\ xfd|L dfnL .
v';L d]/f] sxfF uof] kfplbg sxLF klg k/fO b]V5' xfF;L v';L /dfPsf] hxfF klg .
;Gtfgsf] nflu elg em/L jfbn vKg] pGglt / k|ultsf] nflu ;w}+ ;w}+ hKg]
kTy/ klg km"n aG5 ltdLn] 5f]Olbbf
xfd|} nflu slxn]sfxL+ b]jL h:t} x'g]
;fFRg vf]Hbf aU5 cfF;' ltdL 6f9f eOlbbf
cfˆgf] sf]vsf] nflu k/fO kfp 5'g] .
;DxfnLb]pm d]/f] hLjg ltdL hxfF eP klg dfkm b]pm cfˆg} ;DemL d]/f] uNtL 7"n} eP klg .
$&÷lIflth k/
$*÷lIflth k/
k/b]zLnfO{ vj/
hLjg ;fyL
cfpm r/L n}hfpm d]/f] k/b]zLnfO{ vj/
a;]sL xf]lng\ cfzf ub}{ d cfpg] lbg ug]/
hfUb} ufÚ5 a8\b} cfÚ5 p;nfO{ e]6\g] /x/
k"sf/f ub}{ eujfg;Fu rfF8} cfpm eg]/ .
sxfF xf]nf d]/f] xh'/ /Dg] Tof] zx/ . ;f]W5g\ xf]nf d]/f ;fyLx? d cfpg] vj/ rfF8} cfpF5' elg ufÚsf] lj/fgf] Tof] 7fpFdf
slxn]sfxL+ lg/fzfn] agfpbf] xf] pgsf] dg au/
vj/ n]lv k7fpF5' eGYof] d]/f] g} gfpFdf
ufO{ r/fpFb} d]/} ofbdf rxflb{ xf]lng\ jgel/
x'nfsLsf] af6f] x]bf{ x]b}{ yfls;Sof] gh/
;kgLaf6 Ao"FlemP/ vf]lH5g\ xf]lng\ cf]5\ofgel/ .
s:tf] 5 xf]nf lbnsf] /fhf x/fpg] Tof] zx/ . 3fF;bfp/f, d]nfkft hxfF uPÚlg x'Gg xf]nf dg v'zL b]ptf efsL s;d vfsf] emnemnL 5 cfFvfel/
elGyg\ pgL dg a'emfpm x'g' x'Gg slxn] b'MvL
p;nfO{ e]6\g] /x/ ;Fu} pdË 5fÚ5 dgel/
b'Mv ;'v cfˆg} dg xf] h;f] x]¥of] p;} x'G5
e'Nof] ls Sof xf] x'nfsLn] nuL b] P r/L vj/
;w}+el/ pgs} jrgn] d]/f] dg d'6' 5'G5 .
kfkL /Ú5 d]/f] pgnfO{ e'nfpg] Tof] zx/ .
$(÷lIflth k/
%)÷lIflth k/
cGhfg e"n yfx} gkfO lhGbuLn] w]/} e"n u/]5 km'Ng} gkfO sf]lknfd} dfof d]/f] em/]5 . 3fon d'6' d]/f] la;{' eGbf emg w]/} b'V5 efjgfdf aUg] cfFz' n'sfpg vf]Hbf cem} aU5 sf]dn dg d]/f] pgs} 5fofF ;DemL ;DemL ?G5 vfPsf] s;d klxnf] k|]d s;/L e'Ng ;lsG5 . 6'6]sf] dfof pDs]sf] df5f p:t} p:t} xf] ls sNkgfdf /Dg] agfof] lj5f]8sf] wf/n] xf] ls pgL;Fu} lhpg] cfzf ;kgLs} dfq ef] ls
j}zfn' df]/L x]b}{ /fd|L nf]e} nfUbf] s;sL xf}+ 5f] /L rf]/L rf]/L gh/n] xfG5] j}+zfn' Tof] df]/L . rf}jGbL / kml/ofdf ;lhPsL b'O{ r'N7L af6L 5d5d kfph' ahfpb} lx8\g] xNnfpb} kf/L gogleq} 8'a"F nfUg] s;sL xf} 5f]/L rf]/L rf]/L gh/n] xfG5] j}+zfn' Tof] df]/L . 8f]nL r8L hfG5f} eg] nfG5' l;Gb'/ xfnL h"gljgfsf] /ft em}+ nfUg] b]Vbf l;pFbf] vfnL d'6'leq} /fFv' nfUg] s;sL xf} 5f]/L Rff]/L rf]/L gh/n] xfG5] j}+zfn' Tof] df]/L .
pGo" km'N5 eGg] cfzdf a:g' d]/} e"n lyof] ls .
%!รทlIflth k/
%@รทlIflth k/
j]bgf
dgsf] jx
ghfpm eGg ;lsg k/b]lzpm Kof/f
dgsf] jx, cfFvfaf6 p;sf] dfof
phf8 nfU5, z"Go nfU5 ufpFj]+zL ;f/f .
kf]lvof] uLt alg n]sj]+zL, ufpFzx/ lIflth k/;Dd
rfF8} kmsL{ cfpF5' eGYof} lr7L k7fÚsf] x}g
vf]Fh] v'zL kfpF5' ls st} elg .
/ftlbgsf] ;Demgfn] dgdf zflGt 5}g nf]eL cfFvf, kfkL dg lsg hfG5 wgdf
?ksf] wgL b]vL x}g d}n]
3/hd pt} u¥of] ls s;f] z+sf nfU5 dgdf .
vf]h]F hLjg;fyL agfpF5' elg h"gtf/f;Fu bflhg slxn] pgnfO{ d}n]
Pp6f cfpg] b'O{6f hfg] ufpF3/ z"Go
vf]h]F clnslt b'Mv ;'v ;f6f}+ ls elg
cfˆg} b]zdf sfd kfP xfdL x'GYof} wGo
t/ uOg pgL w]/} 6f9f x]l//x]F b]v]+;Dd
cfh eGbf ef]ln a9L k/b]lzg]sf nsf{
k5\ofO{/x]F pgs} 5fofF lIflth k/ k/;Dd .
s;n] ;'Gg], s;n] a'‰g] xfd|f] kL/ dsf{ . xNnf rNof] dfof sfG5L o:tf] p:tf] ufpF3/df htftt} ;DemfpFb} eGy] t]/f] dfof slt ;:tf]] cfh b]vfO{ lbO{ j}/fuLn] eg] h:t} t/ glj;{g] ePF pgnfO{ ef}lts z/L/ /x];Dd lgofln/xG5 kfkL cfFvf ;w}+ lIflth k/ k/;Dd . %#÷lIflth k/
%$÷lIflth k/
lr7L n]Vbf
Afn'j}afn'jfsf] b]zdf
gJo"FlemP x'GYof] nfU5 ;kgLdf b]Vbf
htf x]/\of] afn'j}afn'jf 56\k6fpFb}5' Kof;df
efjgfdf 8'lj/xG5' ltdLnfO{ ;lDembf .
w]/}+ b"/ d]/L pgL d of] lj/fgf] k/b]zdf .
lx8\bf ltd|f] kfOnf x]5{', ;'t] ltdLnfO{ b]V5'
of] dg To;} xtfl/G5 pgLnfO{ Ps em'Nsf] x]g{
dgsf] jx, of] dgsf] OR5f lr7Lel/ kf]V5'
p8L hfpmF k+v 5}g lxFl8 hfpmF ;lsb}g ;fu/ tg{
x]l//x"F h:tf] nfU5 hf]8L 9's'/ b]Vbf
cgof;} jj{/fpF5' pgsf] gfd k|To]s knsf] ;f;df
efjgfdf 8'lj/xG5' ltdLnfO{ ;lDembf .
w]/}+ b"/ d]/L pgL d of] lj/fgf] k/b]zdf .
ltd|f] ofb cfpFbfv]l/ ef]sltvf{ ;a} efU5
pgs} ofbdf lkpFbf lkpFb} uln;Sof] Hofg klg
ltdLnfO{ sxfF b]v"F, sxfF e]6"F ;w}+el/ nfU5
b]ptf efls al;/}5' e]6 u/fO{b]pm nf}g elg
ed/f em}+ 3'ld/x"F h:tf] nfU5 ltdLnfO{ b]Vbf
laTof] lbg, dlxgf, jif{ pgL;Fu e]6 x'g] cfzdf
efjgfdf 8'lj/xG5' ltdLnfO{ ;lDembf .
w]/} b"/ d]/L pgL d of] lj/fgf] k/b]zdf .
%%รทlIflth k/
%^รทlIflth k/
pkdf
xfF;f]v';L, 3fd / kfgL
cfsfzsf] tf/f ltdL, ltdL 3fd h"g
xfF;f] v';L If]l0fs /}Ú5 slxn] 3fd slxn] kfgL
cd"No lx/fdf]lt ltdL Ps gDa/L ;'g .
dflQP/ ulNt ug{' x'Gg cfkm}+n] hfgL hfgL .
d'xf/ x]/\of] To;} /fd|f] lqmdkfp8/ grflxg]
cfF;'nfO{ n'sfP/ ;j};fd" xfF:g hfGg' k5{
:ju{sL k/L h:t} d':sfO xfF:bf n¶} kfl/lbg]
uf]8d]n u/L xfF;f]nfO{ :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug{' k5{
sf]lknf e} kmlqmPsL ltdL jf:gf 5g]{ km"n
kl/>dsf] kmn xf] ;'v cfF;'sf] d'xfg cfkm\g} jfgL
cd"No lx/fdf]lt ltdL Ps gDa/L ;'g .
dflQP/ ulNt ug{' x'Gg cfkm}+n] hfgL hfgL .
s] ug'{ k5{ d}n] k|e' pgnfO{ d]/f] kfg{
pGd"Qm xfF;f] xfF:g' x'Gg o;n] u5{ xfgL
h] ug{ lg tof/ 5' /fx', s]t'nfO{ 6fg{
1fgL alg 7"nf] dfG5] x'g' k5{ ldng;f/ jfgL
lty{, j|t, bfg, wd{ u5{' ;a} d p;sf] x'g
wgsf] t'h's, jnsf] /afkm ug{'x'Gg cfkm}+ 7"nf] 7fgL
cd"No lx/fdf]lt ltdL Ps gDa/L ;'g .
dflQP/ ulNt ug{' x'Gg cfkm}+n] hfgL hfgL
%&÷lIflth k/
%*÷lIflth k/
Jffrf
Dffof dgsf] lbpFnf
h;n] jfrf tf]8L uof] dfoflk/tLsf]
;'grfFbL, lx/fdf]lt x}g dfof dgsf] lbpFnf
laZjf;3ftL eG5 c/] ef/L w/tLsf] .
vf]n], kmfF8f] h] 5 3/df ksfO{ ldln vfpFnf .
cf/f]k nufร 5 /] ;f}Gbo{ n'6L efu]sf]
d/L hfg] rf]nf xfd|f] vf]Ng' k5{ dgsf] s'/f
rf]vf] dfof d]/f] lnO{ em'6f] dfof ;f6]sf]
8/fP/ a:g' x'Gg ug'{ k5{ OR5f dgsf] k"/f
ufpFn] 5f]/f] ;f]emf] k"hf/L d dfoflk/tLsf]
si6 ltdLnfO{ x'G5 eg] d} b]p/fnL wfpFnf
laZjf;3ftL eG5 c/] ef/L w/tLsf]
vf]n], kmfF8f] h] 5 3/df ksfO{ ldln vfpFnf .
j]OdfgLsf] hfndf km;]F abgfd d]/f] u/L
d/]/ nfg' s] 5 / hLjg xf] b'O{ lbgsf]
n'6\g';Dd n'6] kl5 P]n] k/fO{lt/ ;/L
dfof eGg' o:t} /x]5 ldng b'O{ dgsf]
dfof d}n] lbbflbb}+ x'd{t lnO{ dfoflk/tLsf]
kfgL lng ltdL uP 3fF; d hfpFnf
laZjf;3ftL eG5 c/] ef/L w/tLsf] .
vf]n], kmfF8f] h] 5 3/df ksfO{ ldln vfpFnf .
%(รทlIflth k/
^)รทlIflth k/
tls{g] dfof
lrGb} lrg]gf}+
xfF:b} e]6\g cfpg] dfG5] cfh tls{P em}+ nfUof]
9'Ë} /x]5 d'6' ltd|f] ;w}+ k'Hg]nfO{ lrGb} lrggf}+
dlt/ wfpg] kfOnf cGt} cfh nlDsP em}+ nfUof] .
slt s7f]/ /x]5 dg ltd|f] d]/f] efjgf a'‰b} a'em]gf}+ .
;Fu} a;L c3fpFlbg d'6' leq} a;"F nfU5 eGyL
em/L kbf{ cf]t alglbGy] b'Mv kbf{ ;fy
km"nh:t} cs}{ ed/f;Fu cfh klNsP em} nUof] .
o:t} /x]5 :jfyL{ ;+;f/ dfof ubf{ 3ft Ozf/f / lr7Lsf] s'/} 5f8f}+ af]nfpFbf lg ;'Gb} ;'g]gf}+
?k x]¥of] x]l//x"F af]nL emg} sf]OnL h:t}
slt s7f]/ /x]5 dg ltd|f] d]/f] efjgf a'‰b} a'em]gf}+ .
Tolt dL7f] nfUg] af]nL cfh emls{P em}+ nfUof] . ;j{:j g} TofUg ;Sy] d ltdLnfO{ kfpFbf lx/fdf]lt x}g dfof lbg' eGbf dVv} ky]{ d
cf}+;L /ft em}+ eof] hLjg k"0f]{sf] h"g gkfpFbf
ToxL wgbf}nt / dxndf cfh /lQP em}+ nfUof] .
lhGbuLsf] rf}tf/Ldf kvL{ a;]F ltdL cfpFb} cfPgf}+ slt s7f]/ /x]5 dg ltd|f] d]/f] efjgf a'‰b} a'em]gf}+ .
^!÷lIflth k/
^@÷lIflth k/