Test bank for lifespan development 7th canadian edition denise boyd dr j paul johnson paul a johnson

Test Bank for Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition, Denise Boyd, Dr J. Paul Johnson Pa

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition

CHAPTER 7: PHYSICAL AND COGNITIVE DEVEOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD

Chapter 7 Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The typical pattern of children's growth from age two to adolescence is that they add approximately 11 cm of height and 4 kg of weight per year. too variable to generalize because there is no common pattern of growth through this period. much faster and greater than from birth to age 2. that they add approximately 5–8 cm of height and 2.7 kg of weight per year.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

1 07-1-01 168 174 Knowledge

Answer: that they add approximately 5–8 cm of height and 2.7 kg of weight per year.

2. Of the following, a 6-year-old would have the highest level of skill and confidence in activities involving the small muscles of the hands and fingers. large muscle activities such as running, jumping, climbing, and hopping. manipulation of items such as paint brushes, chalk, crayons, and pencils. using sports equipment such as bicycles, roller skates, skateboards, and snow skis.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

2 07-1-02 168 175 Comprehension

Answer: large muscle activities such as running, jumping, climbing, and hopping.

3. Lara is able to hop, skip, and grasp a pencil maturely. According to the text, Lara is most likely to be 2 years old.

12 years old.

5 years old.

3 years old.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

1 07-1-03 168 Comprehension

Answer: 5 years old.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 4. Concerning milestones of physical development, a 2-year-old is NOT able to run easily. climb. pick up small objects. walk on tiptoe.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

1 07-1-04 168 175 Comprehension

Answer: walk on tiptoe.

5. Dr. Chin is giving 5-year-old Lucia a pre-kindergarten physical examination. When Dr. Chin asks Lucia to jump up and down and hop on one leg, Lucia's ________ is/are being examined. intersensory integration large muscle skills habituation response fine motor skills Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

2 07-1-05 168 Comprehension

Answer: large muscle skills 6. Roberta has just turned 2 years old. Which of the following activities would she be able to do? turn the pages of one of her story books. play hopscotch with her older sister. hold a pencil between thumb and forefinger in the proper position for writing. colour between the lines in her colouring book.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

2 07-1-06 168 Analysis

Answer: turn the pages of one of her story books.

7. Manuel is 4 years old. He can participate in all the following activities EXCEPT racing with his father to see who is fastest. climbing up on the table to get an apple from a bowl. picking up toys and other play items and placing them on shelves and in a toy box. playing hopscotch, which requires skipping on alternating feet on a chalk pattern on the sidewalk.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

2 07-1-07 168 Analysis

Answer: playing hopscotch, which requires skipping on alternating feet on a chalk pattern on the sidewalk.

8. Early childhood is a period of optimum growth and maturation for ________, in comparison to any other period of life. the skeletal system the corpus callosum manipulative skills synaptogenesis Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-1-08 170 177 Knowledge

Answer: the corpus callosum 9. The term ________ is used to describe the functional specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. "synaptogenesis" "myelinisation" "domination" "lateralization" Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-1-09 170 177 Knowledge

Answer: "lateralization" 10. Neuroscientists believe that the determination of which functions will or will not be lateralized originates in our social experiences. cultural norms. physical experiences. genes.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-1-10 170 177 Knowledge

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Answer: genes.

11. The developmental process that is the impetus behind brain lateralization is socialization in social and cultural norms. learning and using language. practicing locomotor, non-locomotor, and manipulative skills. having diverse social experiences.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-1-11 170 177 Knowledge

Answer: learning and using language.

12. Our inability to recall much about the first three years of life is called immature hippocampus syndrome. infantile amnesia. preverbal amnesia. unconscious memory formation.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

2 07-1-12 171 Comprehension

Answer: infantile amnesia.

13. Myelinization of the reticular formation and the hippocampus in the brain probably accounts for improvements in ________ during early childhood. sociability and altruism locomotor and manipulative skills grammar and vocabulary attention and concentration Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

2 07-1-13 171 Knowledge

Answer: attention and concentration

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 14. Scientists believe that handedness is the result of social experiences. cultural norms. genes. physical experiences.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-1-14 171 177 Knowledge

Answer: genes.

15. The most common pattern for handedness is that most people have right-brain lateralization for handedness. most left-handers are left-brain dominant. it is the result of genetic inheritance. experience, rather than genetic factors, determines right-handedness.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

2 07-1-15 171 Knowledge

Answer: it is the result of genetic inheritance.

16. Which of the following is accurate information regarding nutrition during the early childhood years?

Young children eat two thirds as much as adults.

The eating habits of early childhood are linked with weight problems later in life as metabolic rates can vary.

If a child seems to have no appetite, it is important to tempt the child to eat by providing sweets or other preferred food.

Many children don't consume the majority of their daily calories by eating regular meals.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-1-16 171-172 179 Comprehension

Answer: Many children don't consume the majority of their daily calories by eating regular meals.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 17. Which of the following is a developmental outcome caused by Canada's obesogenic environment?

Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia are on the rise among children under 10.

Children under 10 are becoming more health conscious and choosing healthy food over fast foods.

Obesity rates have significantly increased among children under 5.

Breast-fed children do not develop obesity.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-1-17 172 180 Knowledge

Answer: Obesity rates have significantly increased among children under 5.

18. Overconsumption and _______ are the main cornerstones of obesity. heredity video games junk food a sedentary lifestyle Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

1 07-1-18 172 Knowledge

Answer: a sedentary lifestyle 19. What predictions can be made about TV watching and children's health based on the Quebec Longitudinal Study of preschoolers?

Higher rates of TV watching are correlated with higher rates of depression among preschoolers.

Higher rates of TV watching are correlated with higher BMIs and snacking among preschoolers.

Higher rates of TV watching are correlated with poor school adjustment among preschoolers.

Higher rates of TV watching are correlated with body image negativity and higher rates of eating disorders.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-1-19 172 180 Knowledge

Answer: Higher rates of TV watching are correlated with higher BMIs and snacking among preschoolers.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 20. Which of the following is a false statement about young children?

University of Guelph researchers have found that genetic variants in taste receptors can play a role in food preferences and dietary habits.

Some children carry gene profiles that predispose them to a preference for sweet, fat, salty, and even sour tastes, while others may carry a gene profile linked to an aversion to, for example, bitter flavours such as found in green leafy vegetables.

Taste preferences are linked to children’s eating patterns in general and snacking in particular— especially when it comes to eating energy-rich and nutrient-poor snacks such as salty snacks, desserts, and sugary drinks that lead to excess energy consumption and an increased risk for chronic diseases.

Over the past decade, children aged 2 to 9 consumed significantly more free/added sugars (i.e., any sugar added to a food or drink to make it sweeter).

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

1 07-1-20 173 181 Knowledge

Answer: Over the past decade, children aged 2 to 9 consumed significantly more free/added sugars (i.e., any sugar added to a food or drink to make it sweeter).

21. Which of the following factors is NOT associated with higher rates of child injury? the time period of April to October. the afternoon time period. being a boy. parents who practice higher levels of protective supervision.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

1 07-1-21 173 181 Knowledge

Answer: parents who practice higher levels of protective supervision.

22. Which of the following is a false statement regarding accidents causing injury and death in young children?

In any given year ~3 in 1000 children aged 1 to 4 years in Canada have an accident that requires hospitalization.

Unintentional injuries account for slightly more than one in two of all deaths for children in this age range of 1 to 4 years old.

An estimated 90% of childhood injuries are preventable.

Canadian physicians recommend that caregivers develop ongoing home safety and childproofing measures. These can include, for example, removing choking hazards from a child’s reach, using child-resistant lids, lowering household hot water temperature below 50°C, and ensuring that functioning smoke alarms are placed properly in the home.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-1-22 173 Knowledge

Answer: Unintentional injuries account for slightly more than one in two of all deaths for children in this age range of 1 to 4 years old.

23. In Canada, child maltreatment is most often perpetrated by stepmothers/common-law partners. stepfathers/common-law partners. biological mothers. biological fathers.

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-23 174 Knowledge

Answer: biological mothers.

24. All of the following are reasons why boys have higher rates of injury EXCEPT parents give boys more freedom to roam. parents expect boys to play independently and with less supervision than girls. boys are clumsier. parents assume boys will take more risks.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-1-24 173 Comprehension

Answer: boys are clumsier.

25. Which of the following is an example of a socio-cultural influence that could make physical abuse of children more likely? the belief that children have rights. the belief that children are property. social norms for humane treatment of children. stressful employment conditions.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-25 174 Analysis

Answer: the belief that children are property.

26. Which of the following characteristics increases the risk that a child will be abused? having higher intelligence. being taller and heavier than age peers. having a high activity level. having a developmental delay/disability.

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-26 174 Knowledge

Answer: having a developmental delay/disability.

27. All the following characteristics are associated with an increased risk that a parent will be abusive EXCEPT a history of abuse. substance abuse. depression. full-time employment.

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-27 174 Knowledge

Answer: full-time employment.

28. Children who experience frequent, profound, or multiple types of abuse may be more vulnerable to developing schizophrenia. psychosis. post-traumatic stress disorder.

ADHD.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-28 175 Knowledge

Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder.

29. A disorder characterized by extreme levels of anxiety, flashback memories of episodes of abuse, nightmares, and sleep disturbance is called acute reactive depression. panic and anxiety disorder. post-traumatic stress disorder. dissociative identity disorder.

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-29 175 Knowledge

Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder.

30. Brain differences in children with PTSD resulting from trauma showed more left brain arousal which allows emotional detachment and verbal processing of the trauma. an enlarged hippocampus, where memory is stored. an enlarged amygdala, which regulates negative emotions. more right brain arousal which processes non-verbal information.

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-30 175 Knowledge

Answer: more right brain arousal which processes non-verbal information.

31. According to Piaget, at about age 2, children begin to use ________ in their thinking. comparisons inflections operations symbols

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

1 07-1-31 177 Knowledge

Answer: symbols 32. Tovah loves playing in the rain. She loves catching raindrops on her tongue, splashing puddles as hard as she can, and stirring mud with a stick. Tovah is engaging in ________ play. sensorimotor gender-role sociodramatic constructive Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-1-32 177 Analysis

Answer: sensorimotor 33. A young child's belief that everyone sees and experiences the world the way she does is known as "egocentrism." "conservation." "metacognition." "false belief principle."

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

1 07-1-33 177 186 Knowledge

Answer: "egocentrism."

34. The young child's tendency to understand and think about the world in terms of one variable at a time, such as all moving objects must be animals, is an example of Piaget's concept of egocentrism. centration. conservation. compensation.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-1-34 178 186 Knowledge

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Answer: centration.

35. Regarding early long-term memories in children, which of the following is a true statement?

Adults and older children rarely remember more than a few events that took place before 3 years of age (infantile amnesia)—in fact, the cut-off age for our earliest memories seems to occur around 2 1/2 years of age.

In early childhood, memory deteriorates considerably for both one-time events and everyday experiences and around the age of 8 our earliest memories begin to improve.

In early childhood, memory improves considerably for both one-time events and everyday experiences and peaks at around the age of 8 as our earliest memories begin to fade—becoming less accessible or forgotten.

After around age eight, we also start to date our earliest remaining memories as having happened later than they actually did occur by about a year Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-1-35 179 189 Knowledge

Answer: In early childhood, memory deteriorates considerably for both one-time events and everyday experiences and around the age of 8 our earliest memories begin to improve.

36. Regarding obesogenic environments, which of the following is a true statement?

Indigenous children are at a particularly high risk.

Although the rates of childhood obesity are lower for Canadian Indigenous children compared to their American Indigenous peers (de Schweinitz & Wojcicki, 2017), Canadian Indigenous children’s rates of obesity are about double that of non-Indigenous Canadian children.

The factors associated with obesity and overweight in Canadian Indigenous children are manifold.

Family-based interventions are convenient, accessible, and, most importantly, engage parents as partners in research and who have decision-making power and control over intervention programs.

However, programs such as this may be particularly ill suited to both disadvantaged and Indigenous families.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-1-36 180 Comprehension

Answer: Family-based interventions are convenient, accessible, and, most importantly, engage parents as partners in research and who have decision-making power and control over intervention programs.

However, programs such as this may be particularly ill suited to both disadvantaged and Indigenous families.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition

Answer: 4–5 years old

37. Childhood stressors, ranging from day-to-day maltreatment to traumatic events, that increase the risk of wide-ranging, negative health and social consequences over the life course are referred to as adversity increases adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) unintentional injuries intentional injuries Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-37 178 186 Knowledge

Answer: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) 38.Except for the most severe and/or frequent acts of maltreatment, most instances of child victimization in Canada are ___________ to police or child protective services. overreported unreported exaggerated when going invented when going Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-38 178 186 Knowledge

Answer: unreported

39.Recent Canadian research has found that, among those born between 1980 and 1999, roughly ________ of those surveyed said they had experienced physical abuse, while ___________ reported they had been sexually abused during childhood. one-fifth; one-half one-sixth; three-quarters two-thirds; one-fifth three-quarters; one-eighth

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-39 178 186 Knowledge

Answer: two-thirds; one-fifth

40.The most common forms of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were neglect (_____%), which involves a failure to supervise, leading to harm or the risk of harm to a child’s safety or development; exposure to intimate partner violence (34%), where the child witnessed, overheard, or saw the physical injuries from violence occurring between the caregivers and/or their partners; physical abuse (20%), including hitting, shaking, choking, or burning; emotional maltreatment (____%), where the child has suffered or is at high risk of suffering from mental, emotional, or developmental problems caused by exposure to family violence, overtly punitive treatment, habitual or extreme verbal abuse, or inadequate affection; and sexual abuse (3%), involving a child who has been or is at substantial risk of being sexual molested or sexual exploited.

15; 8 75; 12 64; 56 34; 9 Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-40 178 186 Knowledge

Answer: 34; 9

41.University of Calgary researchers have found that mothers who themselves have been victims of physical/emotional/sexual abuse, had parents with mental health or substance abuse problems, had a parent who went to jail, had a non-intact family, and/or witnessed abuse to others in the family are at (a) ________ risk to abuse or neglect their own children. lower no higher little Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-41 178 186 Knowledge

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Answer: higher

42.In Canada, we have observed that for several generations Indigenous children have experienced __________ levels of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in the form of family situations, social circumstances, and living conditions associated with childhood maltreatment. lower small insignificant higher Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1178 186 Comprehension

Answer: higher 43. More recent evidence suggests that preschoolers are a great deal more cognitively sophisticated than Piaget thought. Which of the following is a false statement?

Despite their egocentrism, children as young as 3 years of age appear to have at least some ability to understand that another person perceives things or experiences things differently than they do.

Developmental psychologist John Flavell has proposed two levels of perspective taking ability. At level 1, the child knows that other people experience things differently. At level 2, the child develops a whole series of complex rules for figuring out precisely what the other person sees or experiences.

Between ages 2 and 6, children learn to regulate or modulate their expressions of emotion to conform to others’ expectations In addition, preschool children use emotional expressions such as crying or smiling to get things they want.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.6 Describe how recent research has challenged Piaget’s view of this period.

1 07-1-43 178 186 Knowledge

Answer: Despite their egocentrism, children as young as 3 years of age appear to have at least some ability to understand that another person perceives things or experiences things differently than they do..

44. In one of Piaget's classic experiments, a child was shown a three-dimensional scene featuring different sizes and colours of mountains. The child was able choose a drawing that best represented the mountain scene as she saw it, but was unable to choose a drawing that reflected how someone else might see the mountain from a different perspective. The child's inability to take another's perspective indicates inability to think symbolically. breakdown of social referencing. egocentrism. failure to conserve.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

1 07-1-44 178 186 Comprehension

Answer: egocentrism.

45. The young child's tendency to think about the world in terms of one variable at a time, such as the notion that all moving objects are animals, is an example of egocentric thought. centration. conservation. locomotion capacity.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-1-45 178 Knowledge

Answer: centration.

46. According to Piaget, accomplishment of conservation requires the ability to mentally manipulate symbolic external characteristics. means that a child will not be fooled by an apparent change in volume when water is poured from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass. rarely occurs before age 9. requires the ability to see the perspective of others.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-1-46 179 Comprehension

Answer: means that a child will not be fooled by an apparent change in volume when water is poured from a short, wide glass into a tall, thin glass.

47. Gabriella believes that when she spreads out her pennies across the table, she actually has more pennies than if they were in one small pile. Gabriella has not achieved egocentrism. conservation. false belief principle. theory of mind.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

1 07-1-47 179 187 Comprehension

Answer: conservation.

48. Joey has an iDog that dances to music when it is plugged into a computer. Joey believes the dog is alive because it moves. Joey's thinking demonstrates Piaget's concept of _______, seen in young children. conservation animism compensation locomotion capacity awareness Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-1-48 178-179 187 Knowledge

Answer: animism 49. Grasping the false belief principle enables a child to know when someone is lying. learn not to trust all adults. determine when something is not what it seems to be. understand what influences other people's thinking.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.7 Describe theory of mind and how it develops.

3 07-1-49 181 190 Comprehension

Answer: understand what influences other people's thinking.

50. A ________ is a set of ideas that a child constructs to explain other people's ideas, beliefs, desires, and behaviours. metamemory theory of mind perspective metacognition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.7 Describe theory of mind and how it develops.

1 07-1-50 181 190 Knowledge

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Answer: theory of mind 51. Language skills, such as knowledge of words like "want," "need," "think," or "remember" are related to ____________________ development. theory of mind appearance and reality conservation egocentrism Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.7 Describe theory of mind and how it develops.

1 07-1-51 181-182 Knowledge

Answer: theory of mind 52. A child's development of a theory of mind may be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT sensorimotor play. language skills. pretend play that is shared with other children. discussion of emotion-provoking past events with parents.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.7 Describe theory of mind and how it develops.

2 07-1-52 181-182 Comprehension

Answer: sensorimotor play.

53. According to Case's neo-Piagetian explanation of children's cognitive development, the key limitation in the cognitive ability of a younger child, compared to an older child, is the younger child's less operationally efficient short-term storage space for handling cognitive schemes. greater egocentrism. fewer and less diverse educational and social experiences. undeveloped theory of mind.

Learning Objectives:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-53 182-183 191 Knowledge

Answer: less operationally efficient short-term storage space for handling cognitive schemes.

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 54. A child's ability to think about or evaluate the quality of her thinking is critical thinking. conservation. metacognition. intelligence.

Learning Objectives:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-54 185 194 Comprehension

Answer: metacognition.

55. Knowledge about how memory works and the ability to control and reflect on one's own memory function is known as metacognition. metamemory. conservation. critical thinking.

Learning Objectives:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-55 185 Comprehension

Answer: metamemory.

56. According to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development, which of the following is not a stage in cognitive development from birth to age 7? egocentric speech stage conservation stage ingrowth stage naive psychology stage Learning Objectives:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-56 185–186 194-5 Knowledge

Answer: conservation stage

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Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 57. According to Vygotsky, a 3-year-old child who uses language as a guide to solving problems, such as saying "Put it there" to himself as he builds a tower of blocks, is using dialogic communication. naive psychology. egocentric speech. social speech.

Learning Objectives:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-57 185-186 195 Comprehension

Answer: egocentric speech.

58. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the first sentences that usually occur when children are around two years of age?

They usually include nouns, verbs, and adjectives.

They usually include plurals and past tenses.

They are usually two to three words.

They are created according to rules.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.9 Describe how fast-mapping helps children learn new words.

2 07-1-57 187 Comprehension

Answer: They usually include plurals and past tenses.

59. If a child is using verb forms or verb tenses (such as "eating" or "ate" from the verb "to eat"), then the child is using holophrases. overgeneralization. appropriate extension. inflections.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

2 07-1-59 188 197 Comprehension

Answer: inflections.

60. The term _____________ is used to describe when children categorically link new words to the real objects and events that the words refer to. "inferring" "language explosion" "inflections" "fast-mapping"

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 20

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.9 Describe how fast-mapping helps children learn new words.

1 07-1-60 188 196 Knowledge

Answer: "fast-mapping" 61. Which of the following best represents the earliest inflection used among children learning English, according to Roger Brown?

"I ran."

"A cat."

"Doggie running."

"Come in."

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

2 07-1-61 188 Analysis

Answer: "Doggie running."

62. When Gregoriev says, "My doggie runned away," he is using dialogic meaning. overextension of class. overregularization. extended word meaning.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

2 07-1-62 188 197 Analysis

Answer: overregularization.

63. Marta smiled for her Mom and said, "See I have 3 teeths!" This is an example of complex sentences. overregularization. inflections. phonology.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

1 07-1-63 188 Knowledge

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 21

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Answer: overregularization.

64. The term ________ is used to describe a child's sensitivity to the sound patterns that are specific to her language. "dialogic sensitivity" "operational efficiency" "oral inflection" "phonological awareness" Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.11 Describe what phonological awareness is and why it is important.

1 07-1-64 189 200 Knowledge

Answer: "phonological awareness" 65. The best way to help a child increase both receptive and expressive language is to read a story to the child. read a story to the child and talk about the story. read a story and ask the child questions about the story. read a story several times to the child.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.11 Describe what phonological awareness is and why it is important.

2 07-1-65 190 Knowledge

Answer: read a story several times to the child.

66. Malcolm Gladwell contends that one of the reasons that Chinese children have an early advantage in mastering math skills is due to cultural reinforcement. shorter word lengths to identify numbers. parental expectations. brain structure differences due to expanded short-term memory capacity.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.12 Describe the similarities and differences in language and numeracy development.

1 07-1-66 192 Knowledge

Answer: shorter word lengths to identify numbers.

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 22

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 67. Concordia University studies suggest that young children have the capacity and interest to understand math concepts and numbers. All of the following activities are good ways for parents to incorporate math concepts into everyday life EXCEPT board games with dice. pouring and measuring in cooking and food preparation. setting the table. including the child in budget discussions and banking transactions regarding the family's finances.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.12 Describe the similarities and differences in language and numeracy development.

1 07-1-67 192 201 Comprehension

Answer: including the child in budget discussions and banking transactions regarding the family's finances.

68. Compared with boys, girls enter school with higher levels of all of the following skills except: communication skills. copying and symbol use. attention and self-control of impulsive behaviour. curiosity.

Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-68 197 Knowledge.

Answer: curiosity.

69. Children whose IQ scores are below ________ may be referred to as intellectually delayed or having a developmental disability, and those who score above ________ are often called gifted.

70; 130 70; 130 and are creative 100; 200 70; 130 Learning Objectives:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests. 7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-69 193 203 Knowledge

Answer: 70; 130 Answer: Environment or family influence

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 23

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 70. Measures of skills like capacity, creativity, social sense, and so forth are included in modern, more holistic IQ measures. have now been included in tests of intelligence. are not necessary to measure, because they do not predict future success. are not measured in standard IQ tests and are a limitation of the IQ testing process.

Learning Objectives:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests. 7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-70 195 Comprehension

Answer: are not measured in standard IQ tests and are a limitation of the IQ testing process.

71. Researchers who have analyzed IQ scores of adopted twins have found that identical twins are more like one another in IQ than fraternal twins are. They also have found that IQs of adopted children are more strongly correlated with the IQs of their biological parents than with the IQs of their adoptive parents. These research results suggest that intelligence has a strong genetic component. that a child's biological heritage predicts her lifetime patterns of achievement and accomplishment. that a child's intellectual capacity is fixed at birth. that environment has no impact upon IQ. Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-71 195 Analysis

Answer: that intelligence has a strong genetic component.

72. Eleanor Thomas measured five domains of readiness for 3-5 year-olds to learn at school. These domains included all of the following except: language and communication skill. academic skill. self-regulation of learning. reaction range.

Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-72 196-197 206 Knowledge

Answer: reaction range.

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 24

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 73. Even though intelligence is highly heritable, the person's score within the ________ is determined by the environment. range of operational efficiency reaction range internal model of intellect genotype and phenotype Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-1-73 198 207 Comprehension

Answer: reaction range 74. Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of the reaction range with regard to IQ? A child's IQ score was 150 at age 6 and 155 at age 8.

A child's IQ test result could range from 100 to 125 points.

A child's IQ test result could range from 130 to 135 points.

A child's IQ score was 125, and when she tested after an illness the score was 115.

Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-74 198 207 Comprehension

Answer: A child's IQ test result could range from 100 to 125 points.

75. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the NLSCY's findings about school readiness among Canadian children?

On variables they rated, boys had more school-readiness skills overall than girls.

Early daily activities like reading, exposure to sports and arts, and positive parent/child interaction can ameliorate risks generally associated with low-income environments.

Expectations for school-readiness skills are too high for children under 5 and are more appropriate for children 5 to 6 years.

Programs like Aboriginal Head Start and HighScope produced temporary but no long-term gains or benefits.

Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-75 196 206 Knowledge

Answer: Early daily activities like reading, exposure to sports and arts, and positive parent/child interaction can ameliorate risks generally associated with low-income environments.

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 25

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 76. There are concerns over cultural biases associated with Indigenous children’s IQ test results as recognized in the joint Canadian Psychological Association and Psychology Foundation of Canada’s [CPA; PFC] (2018) response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada’s Report (2015). Which of the following is not true?

Western psychological assessments tend to predict performance in Western school systems, as well as all parts of Indigenous knowledge so that no skills are missed during assessment.

Psychology should broaden operational definitions to include definitions used by Indigenous Peoples.

Constructs such as “intelligence” should be described within the cultural context of the person being assessed.

Procedures may need to be modified to include others, such as parents, grandparents, caregivers, or other family members who may help clients feel comfortable in the testing situation and thus perform optimally.

Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-1-76 196 206 Knowledge

Answer: Early daily activities like reading, exposure to sports and arts, and positive parent/child interaction can ameliorate risks generally associated with low-income environments.

Chapter 7 True-False Questions 1. A child's rate of growth in height and weight is faster during the toddler and preschool years than in infancy. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

1 07-2-01 167 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 2. Language functions that enable humans to understand the meanings of words and the structure of sentences are carried out in the right hemisphere of the brain. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-2-02 170 Knowledge

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 26

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Answer: b. False 3. Developmentalists refer to our inability to remember much about the first three years of life as "dissociative fugue." a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-2-03 171 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 4. Handedness appears to have a genetic source. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-2-04 171 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 5. Results from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (LSCDQ) have found that preschoolers who watched more hours of television than their peers ate less snacks on a daily basis while watching television. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-2-05 171-172 Comprehension

Answer: b. False 6. Food aversions often develop during the preschool years. a b

True False

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 27

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

1 07-2-06 171 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 7. In cases of child maltreatment, mothers are reported to be responsible for the abuse 61% of the time. a b

True False

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-2-07 174 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 8. Children with physical or mental disabilities are more likely to be abused. a b

True False

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-2-08 174 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 9. Parents who themselves have been victims of abuse are at a lower risk to abuse or neglect their children. a True b False Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-2-09 174 Knowledge

Answer: a. True

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 28

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 10. A child who is beginning to use symbols is entering the preoperational stage. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

1 07-2-10 177 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 11. An egocentric preschooler believes that everyone sees and experiences the world the way she does. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-2-11 179 Comprehension

Answer: b. True 12. By approximately three years of age, a child can distinguish between appearance and reality. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

1 07-2-12 181 Comprehension

Answer: b. False 13. A child's development of a theory of mind is influenced by the child's ability to pretend. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.7 Describe theory of mind and how it develops.

1 07-2-13 181-182 Comprehension

Answer: a. True

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 29

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 14. By age 6, most children realize that knowledge can be derived through inference. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.7 Describe theory of mind and how it develops.

200 07-2-14 182 190 Comprehension

Answer: a. True 15. If a child has not acquired phonological awareness before entering elementary school, she will be unable to learn to read proficiently. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.11 Describe what phonological awareness is and why it is important.

2 07-2-15 189 Comprehension

Answer: b. False 16. Using language as a guide to problem solving is called metacognition. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

2 07-2-16 185 Comprehension

Answer: b. False 17. The inability of adults and older children to remember more than a few events that took place before 3 years of age is known as theory of mind. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

1 07-2-17 181 Knowledge

Answer: b. False

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 30

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 18. The first spoken sentences typically consist of simple two-word utterances that include inflections. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

2 07-2-18 188 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 19. The correlation between children's IQ test scores and school performance is 1.00. a b

True False

Learning Objectives:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests. 7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-2-19 194 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 20. IQ scores measure children's inherent competencies and abilities to achieve. a b

True False

Learning Objectives:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests. 7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-2-20 193 Comprehension

Answer: b. False 21. Families that ask questions, rather than give commands, foster higher IQ scores in their children. a b

True False

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 31

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests. 7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-2-21 193-194 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 22. The concept of the reaction range suggests that the upper and lower boundaries of IQ scores are determined by a child's genetic inheritance. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ. 1 07-2-22 198 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 23. Parents of higher IQ children tend to talk to their children often and use language that is descriptively rich and accurate, helping their children master new skills. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ. 1 07-2-23 195 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 24. Unintentional injuries account for slightly more than one in five of all deaths for children age 1 to 4 in Canada. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

1 07-2-24 172 Knowledge

Answer: a. True

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 32

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 25. Of all the substantiated cases of child maltreatment, about 75% involved more than one category, with the most prevalent combinations involving a mixture of either neglect, exposure to intimate partner violence, emotional maltreatment, or physical abuse. a True b False Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-2-25 175 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 26. Vygotsky’s theory includes two important general principles: the zone of proximal development and scaffolding. a True b False Learning Objectives:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-2-26 185-186 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 27. Psychologists use the term "fast-mapping" to refer to the ability of 3- to 6-year-olds to categorically link new words to real-world referents. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.9 Describe how fast-mapping helps children learn new words.

1 07-2-27 187 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 28. The encouragement of invented spelling is detrimental to the development of reading skills in young children. a True b False

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 33

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.11 Describe what phonological awareness is and why it is important.

1 07-2-28 189–190 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 29. Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell suggests that language plays a role in our ability to master numbers. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.11 Describe what phonological awareness is and why it is important.

1 07-2-29 192 200 Knowledge

Answer: a. True 30. Since IQ tests do not measure an individual's creativity, insight, street smarts, ability to read social cues, or understanding of spatial relationships, modern developmentalists have less faith in IQ scores. a True b False Learning Objectives:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests. 7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-2-30 193–195 Knowledge

Answer: b. False 31. The Government of Canada sponsors both off- and on-reserve Aboriginal Head Start programs for preschool-aged Indigenous children. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ. 1 07-2-31 193–195 Knowledge

Answer: b. True

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 34

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 32. There are concerns over cultural biases associated with Indigenous children’s IQ test results. a b

True False

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ. 1 07-2-32 193–195 Knowledge

Answer: b. True 33. Inflections are when the grammatical features of children’s speech become more similar to those of adult speech. a True b False Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

1 07-2-33 193–195 Knowledge

Answer: b. False

Chapter 7 Short Answer Questions 1. Describe the milestones of motor development from infancy to early childhood.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.1 Summarize the major milestones of growth and motor development between 2 and 6.

1 07-3-01 168 Knowledge

Answer: Answers will vary 2. What is lateralization? What aspects of a child's development are affected by lateralization?

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 35

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.2 Highlight the important changes that happen in the brain during these years.

2 07-3-02 170 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary 3. What characteristics are associated with children who are more likely to be abused? What characteristics are associated with parents who are more likely to be abusive? Are there cultural differences?

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

1 07-3-03 174-175 Knowledge

Answer: Answers will vary 4. Describe how egocentrism is related to conservation.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

3 07-3-04 177-179 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary 5. How could you test a 2-year-old child's understanding of appearance and reality? How might you test a 5-year-old child's understanding?

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-3-05 179-180 Analysis

Answer: Answers will vary 6. How does the operational efficiency of a child's short-term storage space influence the child's ability to solve problems or think logically?

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 36

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.8 Describe how information-processing and sociocultural theorists explain changes in young children’s thinking.

2 07-3-06 182-183 Analysis

Answer: Answers will vary 7. Discuss the limitations of IQ tests, including cross-cultural concerns.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests. 7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ. 2 07-3-07 195 Analysis

Answer: Answers will vary 8. Discuss how the concept of reaction range solves the nature–nurture controversy.

Learning Objectives:

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

3 07-3-08 198 Analysis

Answer: Answers will vary 9. Discuss health and nutrition in early childhood. What are the nutritional needs and patterns of children in early childhood? Explain the role of obesogenic environments in the health of children in this age group.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

2 07-3-09 171-172 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary 10. What is the impact of unintentional injuries and accidents on children in early childhood? What are the trends and risk factors?

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 37

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.3 Highlight the nutritional and health care needs of young children.

1 07-3-10 172–173 Knowledge

Answer: Answers will vary 11. Describe the impact of traumatic experiences in early childhood. What are the impacts and consequences for children? Include cross-cultural differences.

Learning Objectives:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

3 07-3-11 174-175 Knowledge

Answer: Answers will vary 12. Explain theories of mind in early childhood. Describe, using examples, the progression in awareness of "others" from its earliest demonstrations to age 7.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

3 07-3-12 181-182 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary 13. Describe strategies that parents and child-care providers could use to strengthen language skills in early childhood.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.12 Describe the similarities and differences in language and numeracy development.

3 07-3-13 190-191 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary 14. Describe the suggested relationship between language and numeracy. What evidence exists to support these claims?

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 38

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.12 Describe the similarities and differences in language and numeracy development.

3 07-3-14 192 Knowledge

Answer: Answers will vary 15. Describe how fast-mapping assists young children in the acquisition of new words.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.9 Describe how fast-mapping helps children learn new words.

3 07-3-15 187–188 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary

Chapter 7 Essay Questions 1. Describe a developmentally appropriate play activity for a child in each of these age groups: (a) 18– 24 months; (b) 2–3 years; (c) 3–4 years; (d) 4–5 years; and (e) 5–6 years. Explain how the play activity relates to the cognitive development associated with that age and stage.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.5 Summarize the characteristics of children’s thought during Piaget’s preoperational stage.

2 07-4-01 168 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary 2. What is the grammar explosion? Highlight what happens during this period and discuss what factors might impede a child's language development in early childhood.

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

1 07-4-02 188-195 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 39

Test Bank for Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition, Denise Boyd, Dr J. Paul Johnson Pa

Lifespan Development, 7th Canadian Edition 3. If you were a public official whose assignment was to develop a program to maximize the intellectual development of every child born in your community, what would be the key factors and essential components of your plan? What recommendations would you make, and what programs would you implement in order to achieve your goal?

Learning Objectives:

7.13 Describe the strengths and weaknesses of IQ tests.

7.14 Identify what kinds of evidence support the nature and nurture explanations for individual differences in IQ.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

2 07-4-03 192-198 Application

Answer: Answers will vary 4. Define and describe the main types of childhood abuse. What factors can contribute to abuse and neglect, and how does abuse affect children's development?

Learning Objectives: Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

7.4 Describe the factors surrounding adverse childhood experiences and how traumatic events affect children’s development.

1 07-4-04 1174-176 Knowledge

Answer: Answers will vary 5. Describe what is happening during the rapid progress in vocabulary and grammar associated with early childhood. What is phonological awareness, and why is it important?

Learning Objectives:

7.9 Describe how fast-mapping helps children learn new words.

7.10 Highlight what happens during the grammar explosion.

7.11 Describe what phonological awareness is and why it is important.

Difficulty: QuestionID: Page-Reference: Skill:

3 07-4-05 187–192 Comprehension

Answer: Answers will vary

Copyright © 2021 Pearson Canada Inc. 40

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