Memorial park-Nostalgia for the future (Thesis Book)

“Traces remain, and we will revive them...”

-My Friend-Fatima Abou Maali-

JORDANUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY

COLLEGEOFARCHITECTURE&DESIGN DEPARTMENTOFARCHITECTURE

Nostalgia for the future

GRADUATIONPROJECT1(ARCH591)

Preparedby: RamaSarrar-131460

Supervisedby Dr.AmelAbed

February,5,2023

Abstract

This project is about the reconstruction of one of palestinian village that were destroyed by the occupation forcesspecialy4thBattalionoftheGolaniinmay1948, thechosenvillageisNurisvillageinJenin.

Wearegoingtoclarifyadetailedstudyonthehistoryof Nurisbefore,through,afterAlNakbawhichresultedin the destruction of 400 to 600 Palestinian communities, aswellastheJudaizationofPalestinianhistoryanswering the question of “How Nuris will be when the refugeesreturnfromthediaspora?”.

Dedication

To the woman who demonstrated her value to herself and felt she wouldn’t be able to finish, but she did and shesucceeded.Rama

Thisstudyiswholeheartedlydedicatedtotheoneswho havebeenmysourceofinspirationandgavemestrength when I thought of giving up, who continually provided theirmoral,spiritual,emotional,andfinancialsupport.

MyParents

TothestrongestwomanIhaveeverseen.

MyMother

Tomylifesupporterandinstructor.

MyFather

To the one who shared their words of advice and encouragementtofinishthisstudy.

MyBrother&Sister

Tothepeoplethatmyheartgoesoutto.

AllPalestinianpeople

Thisthesisisaffectionatelydedicated.

Acknowledgement

ThegreatestthanksgoestoAllah;eventhoughthepath waslengthy,Ialwaysfelthewasnearby.

First and foremost, I want to thank everyone who has always been by my side, helping me through this journey, especially my family. My friends, who made the journey pleasurable despite the exhaustion. They made mehappyanytimeIwasdown.

My heartfelt gratitude goes to my supervisor Dr.Amel Abedforhertime,criticalquestionsandinsightfulcommentswhichguidedmeduringthethesiswritings.

1.1Projectbrief

1.1.1Whatistheproject?

1.2Theneedsforthisproject

1.2.1Whythisproject?

1.2.2Whythissite?

1.3Historicalbackground

1.4Vision

1.5Significance

1.6Objectives

1.7ProjectOrganization

1.7.1Demographics

1.7.2Mainfunctionsandactivities

1.7.3Mainusers

1.8HistoryTimeline

1.9DescriptionoftheattackontheVillage

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project brief

1.1.1 What is the project?

The project aim to reconstruct the village of Nuris , one of the villages of Palestine that was destroyed in 1948, Therearemorethan600villagesinPalestinedestroyedby the Zionist occupationin 1948whichis the year when the Palestinianswere expelledfromtheirhomes and losttheir homelandbecauseoftheestablishmentofthe Jewishstate – Israel. we are going to reconstruction it in line with the necessitiesofthetimewhilepreservingtheplace’scharacterandhistory.

The design will be based on local inhabitants’ memories and whathasbeendocumented,aswellasthe perceptions ofthosewhowereevacuatedfromthecommunity.

ManyhistoriansconsidertheexpulsionofthePalestinians from their land as an act of ethnic cleansing. So, We will begin to redesign the destroyed village in order to affirm therightofreturn,thisisitselfavictoryanda challengetotheoccupation.

Senseofbelongingness,capacity building,awareness,social identity.

Strongcoordination ,effectivedecisionmaking ,illegaloccupanceenhance participation . Developtourism, entrepreneurship, jobcreaation.

INTRODUCTION

1.2 The needs for this project

1.2.1 Why this project?1.2.2 Why this site?

BecausePalestinewillreturnoneday,revivingthedepopulated and destroyed villages of Palestine is a duty. We need to preserve the identity of Palestine as well as their villagesbecauseeveryPalestinianhastherighttoreturnto theirhomeandland.

It is nice to start reviving Palestinian villages, so why not start with Nuris. The village of Nuris is distinguished by its very strategic location, as it is surroundedbymanydistinctivefeaturessuchasthe passageoftheHijazrailwayfromthenortheastside of the village, the forests of the Gilboa mountains, and its proximity to Ain Jalut, the largest spring in Palestine.

INTRODUCTION

1.3 Historical background1.4 Vision

The railway line, connecting Haifa to Samakh, and at its end connected to the Hejaz Railway, ran to the north-east ofthevillage.Adirtroadpassedatthetopofthemountain and connected it to the village of Al Mazar, while a dirt roadpassedthroughthetopofthemountainandconnected ittothevillageofAlMazar,whileanotherroadconnected itto thevillageof Zareen. Crusaders’sourcesreferto it as Nurith. In the area around Nuris, the armies of the Mamluks of Egypt defeated the Mongols in the decisive battle ofAinJalut(1260).Intheyear1596,Nuriswasavillagein the district of Jenin (Liwa al-Lajun), with a population of 88. It paid taxes on a number of crops such as wheat, barley and olives, in addition to otherelementsof production such as goats and beehives. In the early nineteenth century,theBritishtravelerBuckinghamnoticedthatthevillage was surrounded by olive trees. In the late nineteenth century,Nuris wasdescribedasa smallvillagebuilt onrocky land that obscured most of the village, and it was about 185 meters high from a valley. The shape of the modern village was rectangular, extending on a north-east-southwestaxis.TheresidentsofNuriswereMuslims,theyhada smallmarketinthemiddleofit.

The project is based on the reconstruction of Nuris in accordancewiththerequirementsoftheageandpreservethe identityandhistoryoftheplace.Thedesignwilldependon thememoryofthevillageresidentsandwhathasbeendocumented in addition to the perception of the people who wereexpelledfromthevillage.

INTRODUCTION

1.5 Significance

Transportation Marketinglocalproducts, andencourgingtourism

Reliable,efficient,and satisfyingpublictransportation system

1.6 Objectives

Economy

Society

Enhancingcommunity cohesion

Environmental

Energyconsumption ratesreduction,eco-friendly

-Village reconstruction and regeneration while protecting all agricultural characteristics, water supplies, archaeological sites,andsoforth.

-Restorationofarchaeologicalandsacredsites.

-Revivingtheroadtomakeitaconvenientandquickmodeofusing by peopleofthevillage.

-Revivingthemarketinthecenterofthevillagetobecomeaculturalexchangeareaandagatheringofresidentstoselltheir localproducts.

-Promotingagricultureandgraincommerce,sinceroughlyhalfofthevillage’sterritorywasdedicatedtograinproduction.

1.7 Project Organization

1.7.1 Demographics

Familiesofthevillage:

Amongthefamiliesthatresidedinthevillage,wemention thefollowing:

AbuRashid,Omar,AbuHammad,Nursi,Harabsheh,Hallamna,Radwan,Tawalbeh, Farahta.

Villagehouses:

There were 364 Arabs in Nuris in 1922. In 1931, they reached 429 Muslims - 201 males. and 228 females. In 1945 AD, their number was 570 people, returning to the villages of Al-Jalama, Seris, Qabatiya and Al-Mazar. In 1948,theirnumberreached661.

Thenumberofhousesin1931ADwas106,andtheirhousesweremostlybuiltof mudandcement.Theconstruction ofthehousesextendedtothewestonbothsidesoftheroad thatusedtoconnectNuriswithZareen.

VillagePopulation:

Total inhabitants of thevillage2019 RegisteredRefugeesin 2019 Population 1948

VillageRegisteredRefugeesinAlShatatin2019:

TotalGazaWestBankJordanLebanonSyria

INTRODUCTION

1.7 Project Organization

1.7.2 Main functions and activities

1.AgricultureintheVillage

In 1944/1945, a total of 4 dunums were allocated to the cultivationofcitrusandbananas,2,935dunumstocereals, and 243 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards, of which40dunumswereplantedwitholivetrees.

2.Watersources

There were several springs to the north of the village, the most famous of which was Ain Jalut (or Jalud), which is one of the largest springs in Palestine. Al-Ain water was usedinhomesandinirrigatingthevillageorchards.

3.Education

There was a school in Nuris founded by the Ottomans in 1306AD.

4.TheCrafts

Thepeopleworkedinagriculture,raisingandgrazinglivestock,tradingingrainsandfruits,pickingfruits,manufacturingdairyproducts,andfruitjams.

5.HolyandArchaeologicalsites

Therewasamosqueinthevillage.Nostudyhasbeenconducted so far of the ancient ruins that appeared in the village,includingastonesarcophagus.

AhmedAl-Saadi:agraveaccordingtohiswill.

6.Thevillageasitisin1987

Pilesofstonesarescatteredalloverthesite,whichisdominated by pine and oak trees.Apart of the adjacent lands is used as a pasture for livestock, after it has been fenced, while another part is cultivated. Cacti, fig and olive trees growclosetothesite

1.7.3 Main users

1.8 History Timeline

INTRODUCTION

1.9 Description of the attack on the Village

Long before Nuris was occupied, on March 18, 1948, a commanderoftheArabLiberationArmytelegraphedtothe General Command, informing it that “the battle of Nuris ended today with the intervention of the British army.” TherewasnewsbeforethatthattheSalvationArmyforces were controlling the area around the village, and the hills to its north. The following day, the Haganah’s attacks on NurisandZir’incontinued,inanattemptto“removethese twovillages”thatcontroltheroadbetweenHaifaandBeit She’an. Many Haganah soldiers were reportedly killed in the course of these attacks. The New York Times asserts thatachangingfactionoftheHaganahapproachedthevillage onMarch19, andthattheArabdefendersannihilated him. Later the same day, another force of the Haganah, larger than that faction, approached the village and lost fivemoremen.AccordingtoareportissuedbytheBritish police, the British forces rushed to the scene of the fighting and fired mortars at theArab forces, “encouraging the Jews to return to their colonies.”The village was attacked againonMay29-30,1948,anditsresidentswereexpelled, according to what the Israeli historian Benny Morris said. And the “History of the War of Independence” indicates thattheforcethatattackedthevillagewasthe4thBattalion of the Golani Brigade, which had previously participated intheoccupationoftheBaysanValleytothenortheast,and waspreparingtoassistintheoccupationofJenin.

Morris notes that more than a month ago, onApril 19, the Palmach General Command issued the orders to “destroy enemy bases” in this village and in the other two villages. Itisnotclearwhethertheseorderswerecarriedoutatthat time or not. The “New York Times” correspondent statedthattwoIsraelicolumnsadvancedtowardstheTriangle area, “although they confronted it with strong resistance”, andseizedNurisandthenearbyvillageofAl-Mazar.About sixweeks later,theAssociated Press reported thatunitsof the Iraqi army and Palestinian irregulars had succeeded in expelling Israeli forces from Nuris and six other nearby villages. “Arab infantry, reinforced with armored cars, artilleryandmortars,rushedintoanopenplainnorthofJenin to expel Israeli soldiers” from the villages, according to the agency’s report. Some of these villages remained in thehandsoftheArabslater,butitisnotknownhowNuris occupiedafterthat.

2.1Nakba

2.2HeritageArchitecture

2.3RomanArchitecture

2.4VernacularArchitecture

2.5Minimalism

2.6Ecotourism

2.7InsideOutProject

2.8GreenArchitecture

2.9Conservation

2.10MuseumHistory

2.11ExperientialArchitecture

LITERATUREREVIEW

2.1 Nakba2.2 Heritage Architecture 2.3 Roman Architecture

Nakba is anArabic word meaning “catastrophe” and refers to Israel’s ethnic cleansing of Palestine, its exiling of Palestinians and making them into refugees, its dispossession of Palestinian property, its destruction of Palestinian cities, towns, and villages, and its attempttoerasetheexistenceofthePalestinian peoplefromitshomelandin1948.

TheNakbaisnotonlyahistoricalevent;Israel’songoingdispossessionofPalestiniansand colonization of Palestinian land means that the Nakba is ongoing and accurately defines Palestinian life under Israeli military occupation,apartheid,andsettler-colonialism.

Heritage architecture is a term that refers to buildingsorstructuresofhistoricalorcultural importance,whichareavitalpartofthecountry’sheritageandrequireconservation.

Inthemoderntheoryofrestoration,thequalitiesofaculturalheritagearethehistoricaland the aesthetic values.An historical building is a complex system of spaces, volumes, materials, surfaces, constructive aspects, actual and past functions and configurations, degradation, etc. The whole is the result of a continuoushistoricalprocessofmodificationand transformation. An architectural heritage can be interpreted as an “artifact”, where its elements are witnesses of constructive cultures and of events occurred during the life of the building.

Roman architecture is known for concrete-domed buildings, the innovative use of thearch,theamphitheaterdesign,thebasilica, the triumphal arch, and residential apartment blocks.

Roman architecture was unlike anything that had come before. The Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Etruscans all had monumental architecture. The grandeur of their buildings, though, was largely external. Buildings were designed to be impressivewhen viewedfrom outsidebecausetheirarchitectsallhadtorely onbuildinginapost-and-lintelsystem,which means that they used two upright posts, like columns,with a horizontalblock, knownasa lintel,laidflatacrossthetop.Agoodexample isthisancientGreekTempleinPaestum,Italy.

LITERATUREREVIEW

2.4 Vernacular Architecture

2.5 Minimalism

2.6 Ecotourism

Itcanbedefinedasatypeoflocalorregional construction, using traditional materials and resources from the area where the building is located. Consequently, this architecture is closely related to its context and is aware of the specific geographic features and cultural aspects of its surroundings, being strongly influenced by them. For this reason, they are uniquetodifferentplacesintheworld,becomingevenameansofreaffirminganidentity.

Sometimes referred to as ‘minimalism’, involves the use of simple design elements, without ornamentation or decoration. Proponents of minimalism believe that condensing the content and form of a design to its bare essentials, reveals the true ‘essence of architecture’

Minimalist architecture emerged from the Cubist-inspired movements of De Stijl and Bauhaus in the 1920s. Architects such as Ludwig Mie’s van der Roe, theorized that minimalism gave maximum power to architecturalspace.

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbednaturalareas,intendedasalow-impact and often small-scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism. It means responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of thelocalpeople.

LITERATUREREVIEW

2.7 Inside Out Project2.8 Green Architecture 2.9 Conservation

Inside Out is a global participatory art project, initiated by the French photographer JR. ... The project, inspired by JR’s large-format street pastings, is open to anyone to participate in, anywhere in the world. The idea behindit istoplaceemphasis onthepeopleand theirstoriesbehindeachactionorcause.

TheInsideOutProjectisaplatformthathelps communitiesaroundtheworldtostandupfor what they believe in and spark global change locally.GroupLeaderscreatetheirActionsby displaying large-scale black and white portraits of members from their com- munity in publicspaces.

The Concept of Green Architecture, also knownas“sustainablearchitecture”or“green building,” is the theory, science and style of buildings designed and constructed in accordance with environmentally friendly principles.

Green architecture strives to minimize the number of resources consumed in the building’s construction, use and operation, as well ascurtailingtheharmdonetotheenvironment through the emission, pollution and waste of itscomponents.

Green architecture, or green design, is an approachtobuildingthatminimizesharmfuleffects on human health and the environment. The “green” architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and constructionpractices(Roy,2008).

Architectural conservation describes the process through which the material, historical, and design integrity of mankind’s built heritage are prolonged through carefully planned interventions.

Architectural conservation deals with issues of prolonging the life and integrity of architectural character and integrity, such as form and style, and/or its constituent materials, suchasstone,brick,glass,metal,andwood.

LITERATUREREVIEW

2.10 Museum History

2.11 Experiential Architecture

The word Museum was first used in the 15thcenturyinEuropefordescribingLorenzo de’ Medic’s works in Florence. By the 17th century, it was used to describe the European artists work like Ole Worm. In England, the artcollectioncatalogueofJohnTradescantin Lambeth was titled Museum Trades continuum, which was published in 1656.The property collection of Trade scant was moved to Elias Ash mole, and then he transferred it to a new building in Oxford University, which was built especially to host this collection upon Ash mole request and named the Ashmolean MuseumAfter that, the museum was openedtothepublicin1683,accordingly,the Ashmolean museum was considered the first old museum built on the museum concept as nowadays and also the first university museum

We,asusers,experiencedesigneverydaywithoutanysecondthought.Wecommunicatewithour built environment by the means of perceptive, sensorial, and intellectual stimulation.Ajourney thatprioritizessuchhumaninteractionwithinaspaceiscalledanexperientialdesign.

Experiential architecture is design that evolves and responds over time, the notion of a holistic approachtothedesign. Ifarchitecturecanconnectemotionallywithitsoccupants,thenthemessagecanbefeltmoredeeplythusmorereadilyleavingalastingimpressiononyourusers.

Designing for the traditional senses: sight (vision), hearing (audition), taste (gustation), smell (olfaction) and touch (somatosensation). If you pay close attention while designing to sensory componentstheresultwillcreateanenvironmentthatisfeltandmemorable.

3.1ChichuArtMuseum‘Underground’

3.2ReactivatingKaloCastle

3.3AwartaVillageRehabilitationProject-NablusDistrict

3.4RehabilitationofthevillageofSataf-Quds district

Chichu Art Museum ‘Underground’

CASE1

3.1 Chichu Art Museum ‘Underground’

General information and Project Brief

Architect:TadaoAndo

Location:Naoshima,Japan

Structure:ReinforcedConcrete

Materialsused:Exposedconcrete,marble, granite,woodflooring,plasterboard

The Chichu Art Museum, which literally means “art museum in the earth” is a unique modern art museum located on the art island of Noshima in Japan. The museum, home to overfivedistinctiveartgallerieswasdesigned by the Japanese architectTadaoAndo. It was constructed in 2004 as a site rethinking the relationship between nature and the people, whichisnowamajortouristattraction.

The museum, built underground to avoid disrupting the natural beautiful view of the Seto Inland sea. Despite the positioning of the building, the museum is designed in such a manner that it facilitates the distinctive use of natural light for the illumination of the artworks that change the appearance and the milieu of the space during the different viewing times throughout the day and along the seasonsoftheyear.Themuseumdesignedby TadaoAndoitselfisaworkofart.

Style & Concept

The brutalist-style approach was taken by Tadao Ando for the Chichu Art Museum. Usage of concrete was done to create clean lines and built-in decorations.The simple approach to thedetails suchas the empty areas of the museumhasbeenconsidered in termsoftheexperienceofthepersonmovingthroughspace.

Strong forms and unique materials are used underground. This passionate attempt to createaspacewherethevisitorsexperiencetheworkpurelydespitebeingunderground where they are completely cut off from the outside world, making their perceptions sensitive,concentratingsolelyontheartwork,isaboldconcept.

Why this project? Journey

A.Entrance

Sloped, concrete corridor leading to the entrancelobby.

narrow and dark corridor enhances curiosity and feeling of the fear of not knowing what isahead.

B.Corridorlinkingtothecourtyard

Bright light from the window creates curiosity and the emotions from fear to pleasure. Providesvisualandspatialcontinuity.

C.Thecourtyards

Theoutdooraisleisopentowardsthesky,experiencing the natural light, wind, rain, and cloudsdirectly.

D.Scaleandproportion

Walls create an illusion for people to feel small,incomparisonwiththespace.

Becausethisprojectwasfocusedonfourmain ideaswhichtheyare:

1.Senses

2.Materiality

3.light

4.Experientialspace

Themuseumalsofocusedalotontheexperienceofvisitorsduringitandthestronglinkto makingitundergroundtopreserveandprotect nature

Asthedesignerdividedthemuseumintothree spaces:

1.Spaceoffear

2.Spaceofdarkness

3.Infinitespace

Reactivating Kalo Castle

CASE2

3.2 Reactivating Kalo Castle General information and Project Brief

Architect:MAPArchitects

Location:Rønde,Denmark

Structure:Steelframestaircase

Materialsused:Glass,ashwood.brick.

The new Kalø Tower in Rønde, Denmark, gives visitors an unexpectedly intricate spatial experience inside a 700-year-old medieval ruin previously inaccessible to the public. Once a national landmark where tourists could only peek through a small hole to view the interior, the tower is now a fully immersivepieceofarchitecture.

Style & Concept

The project seeks to immerse the visitors in the medieval building’s archaeological layersandallowing visitors tolevitate above the landscape

The Intervention

Azig-zagging staircase (only visible from inside the structure) spirals upwards, leading to existingopeningsinthefaçadeandbalconies.

Reactivating Kalo Castle The stairs

1.Thestaircaseitselfisbasedonasteelframe construction.

2.Thecladdingisashwood,thestructurehas been heat-treated to maximize durability for upto60yearswithouttheneedforpaint.

3. The metal stairs and handrail are painted in a matte black finish to protect them from weatherconditions.

KALOSLOTSRUIN

Why this project?

Because they proofed that, with attention to detail and respect for rich history, a site can be transformed, providing an entirely new perspective for visitors and strengthening nationalprideovernight.

Asitoffersanewperspectiveofthesurrounding landscape and connects both tourists and Danes alike with the details of the castle’s originalconstruction.

kalocastlesiteplan

Awarta Village Rehabilitation Project-Nablus District

3.3 Awarta Village Rehabilitation Project Nablus District General information and Project Brief

Awarta is a villagelocated tothe southeast of thecityofNablus,8kmaway,andbelongsto theNablusgovernorate.

It is reached by a local road It is connected to the main road, Nablus - Jerusalem, with a length of 2 km.And it rises about 560 meters above sealevel,asit isone ofthe villageslocatedAnd the area of the built-up area is 540 dunums On a low hill, its land area is 16,106 dunums.

Strategy and proposals for revitalizing the village of Awarta

Strengthening the old kinetic line and revivingthecentralpoints

Strengthening the old motor line passing through the old area of its neighborhoods and linking it to the first extension area of the country (the area towards east of the old town, which contains a number of individual oldbuildings).

Al-Rifaiya Square:

ItisacentralurbanareainthecenteroftheOldCity. A general perspective of the proposed design of Al-Rifaiya Square.

BuildingplansforreuseBeforerevive:

The House of Sheikh Ahmed Al-Qasrawi:

It is one of the most important distinctive buildings in the village at various levels, andtheprocessofrevivingitcontributesInpreservingit,italsocontributestocreatingakindoflinkbetweentheoldareaandtheeasternexpansionareainthevillage.

BuildingplansforreuseAfterrevive:

land belonging to the Dar Al-Sheikh building

ThebuildingofDarAl-SheikhAl-Qasrawiislocatedonthemainpublicstreet,ithasbeenclarified that the building needs an additional, clear, spacious and commensurate entrance. In addition to being used as an entrance, it will also be used as a garden belonging to the building that will contain sessions,enablingwomen to attend.Itcanrepresent an outlet and a place for men to sit in the afternoonandeveningperiods.

Why this project?

1. Because it highlighted the revitalizing one ofthedestroyedpalestinianvillages.

2.Italsoproposedhowtoreuseoldbuildings inanewwaythatmeetsindividualneeds.

3. In addition to that, how to preserve the old town while creating a link between it and the newlydevelopedarea.

Rehabilitation of the village of Sataf-Quds district

CASE4

3.4 Rehabilitation of the village of Sataf Quds district

General information and Project Brief

SatafisamountainousPalestinianvillagethat wasexpelledin1948ADaspartoftheZionist military campaign, Dani.14 km west of Jerusalem and surrounded by the villages of Ain Karm,Soba,KhirbetAl-Luz,andAl-Walaja.

ThearchitectofthevillageofSataf,wherethe designermadeavisualizationandplanningof the village, and illustrated the natural developmentofthevillagethroughTime,assuming theendoftheoccupationobstacle.

Characteristics of the village:

The village of Sataf is a village listed under the name of a national park belonging to the JewishNationalFund.Satafisadifferentcase study.Thisisbecauseweseeinittwocontradictory agricultural scenes, the first of which is:

1-ItisthesceneofthePalestinianagricultural village.

2-As for the other, it is the scene of the park that was established by the Jewish National Fund after 98% of the buildings were demolishedthevillage.

The village before the Nakba 1948

The area of land for residential use reached 22 dunums, and the village houses were concentrated aroundWadi al-Sarrar, where they numbered Approximately 101 inhabited by 450 people.Thevillagewasalmostdevoidofpublicutilities,exceptforsomeshops.

Revitalization Strategies:

An objective and systematic strategy was reached, which the designer called Facts vs. Vision.Detailedissuesreachedinthevillage.

First: The facts are represented in the problems that existed before the displacement, whichare:

1-Thereisnoschoolinthevillage.

2 - Poverty that leads to hard work for both genders.

3 - Lack of health awareness among the population.

4- Existence of exotic forests that were cultivatedbytheZionistNationalFund.

5- The case of the women of the setaf: The womenofthesetaflivedindifficultandharsh social and professional conditions, as they usedtowalk.

Great distances to reach the markets of JerusalemandEinKeremtosellcrops.

The village after revitalization:

The basis of planning was based on respectingthetopographyoftheland.Theresidential buildingsweredistributedinclustersforming a courtyard resembling a courtyard Privacy forresidentialhomes.

Second:Vision:

Submitting an integrated urban proposal that the village should be like today, had it not been affected by the occupation, and representing it with pointsasfollows:

1-Workon designing an educational complex that includeskindergartens,schoolsfordifferent stages andforbothsexes,andacenterforliteracy.

2- Preserving the trees that reflect the Palestinian agriculturalidentity,andreplacingtheinternalforests with adapted housing units for the return of refugees.

3 - The village economy: The village is consideredasourceofattractionforthoselooking fororganicagriculturalproducts,asithasbeen preserved The agricultural nature of the village and its development to constitute a basic source of income for the village, in addition to allocating an agricultural garden Affiliated to each house so that the farms are cultivated in traditional ways, and this creates a kind of food self-sufficiency for the family, A factory wasdesignedtoproduceorganicproductsand export them to neighboring villages and Jerusalem.

4- Converting the road used by women to reach the markets of Jerusalem and to sell in them, to a commercial road that is specific to thewomenofSataf.

Female workers, where a wooden booth was allocatedforeachworkingwoman.

The needs of the villagers were also met in termsofvariousservicesgatheredinthecenter of the village, and attention to the remaining antiquitiesandpreservationByrestoringitand linkingittothetourismside,andpayingattentionto theagricultural side, which is the main economyofthevillage.

Explanation of each of the village services:

1-Residentialunits:

Bycombiningthecharacteristicsofold residentialbuildingswiththerequirements of the modern era, Reaching the most suitable solution for the current population density,whichwassummarizedintothreetypesofhousingunitsthatfitthenumber Membersofdifferentfamilies,wherethefirsttypesuffices4-5peoplewithanarea of90squaremeters.

Thesecondtypeisenoughfor5-6peoplewithanareaof130squaremeters.

2-Theeducationalcomplex:

The absence of schools in the village before the Nakba, this project promoted education in the village. With the determined belief in the rightofeverypersontochoosehiseducational path,thiscombinationgrantstherighttobasic educationThe secondary school is in addition to vocational education, and a school for literacy is established in the village, without the needtoleavethevillage

Theseunitsareinlinewith thetopographyof the land, without prejudice to the agricultural fabric. The residential unit is designed on the basis of Privacy, as the ground floor was used for hospitality and living, while the first floor was used for bedroomsThe recessed entrance and isolation of the guest room from the rest ofthehouse.Inadditiontotakingintoaccount proper ventilation and lighting when designing, and the allocation of a private garden for each house and an area for cultivation, and then the collection of this unit with a number ofotherunitsandformation.

Thethirdtypeserves7-8peoplewithanareaof200squaremeters.

3-Public utilities(museumandculturalcenter):

Theremainingantiquitiesinthevillagehavebeenexploitedandpreservedsofarwithpathconnectingthem;Toserveasanidentityforthevillage ofSatafandastorythattellsitshistory,asthepathconsistsofamuseum,Alibrary,andanassociationforwomenthatoverlooksAinSataftoform anartisticpaintingthatisattachedtothememoryofthevisitor,andtheruinsofthehousesthatwerebuiltIthasremainedthesamesince1984.

4-Public utilities(publicgardenandmosque):

Thearchitecturalcharacterofthevillagehasbeenpreservedthroughdesignand useStraightlinesinthegardenandthemosque,compatiblewiththetopography ofthesite.

Why this project?

1. Because it highlighted the revitalizing one of the destroyedpalestinianvillages.

2.Italsoproposedhowtoreuseoldbuildingsinanewway that meets individual needs. In addition, how they respect thetopographyofthevillage.

3. I have learnedhow to design a 3 types of residentialunit thatmeets usersneedsasit iscommonwithonemyproject functions.

4.1Location

4.2Mapsofthevillagebetweenpast&present

4.3Site Planlandmarks

4.4landmarksofNuris

4.5 Site water springs location and surroundingvillages

4.6Site selectioncriteria

4.7Viewssurroundingthevillage

4.8Familiesandvillage housesin1948

4.9Site landuse

4.10Climateanalysis

4.1 Location

Nuris is one of the palestinian villages, 9 km from Jenin Governorate specifically located on the outskirts of the northern Mazar village. The village was built on both sides of a shallow valley, lower than the steep slope of Mount Mazar. It has an area of 36 acres, 150 meters above sea level. It has lands with an areaof6,256dunums,ofwhich9dunumsare for roads, and the Jews do not own any inch ofit.Surroundingtheselandsarethelandsof thevillagesofMazar,ZareenandAinJaroud.

TheAreaoftheVillageland(indunam)in1948:

ArablandJewishlandPubliclandTotal

CONTEXTANALYSIS

4.2 Maps of the village between past & present

ThemapsM1.1toM2.2refertothevillageasitwaspre-1948.

M1.1thevillagebuiltuparea(BUA)location.

M1.2 the village land area showing place names, natural features and landmarkssuchasmosques,churches,schools,cemeteries,sheikh/weli/ maqam,antiquities,wellsandsoon.

M2.1 aerial photo of the village, Survey of Palestine maps (if eitherisavailable)oradrawnmapofthevillageasbestaspossiblebasedonsketchesdrawnbythevillageresidents.

M2.2Digitizedplanofthevillagehousesasfarascanbeascertained.Whenavailable,thenamesofthehouseownersaregiven.Thelistofhouseownersis notneededfor the Competition butmayhelptovisualizethefuturedesignofthevillageand the hamula or haret house distribution. Note that, although the information obtained from various sources may not be complete,itgiveareasonablepictureofthevillageasitwas.

CONTEXTANALYSIS

M3.1 The village land area today (circa year 2000) showing new roads andIsraelisettlementsonthevillagelandwhererelevant,whileshowing theoldlandmarksonthesamemapforreferencetotheoriginalvillage.

M3.2 Amodern satelliteimage of the village site as it exists today. It is remarkabletoseethatmostvillagesitesarestillvacant.MostofKibbutzim (Israeli settlements) werebuilt away from the original village sites. Thereforethenewvillagecouldbebuiltonthesameoldlocation.

4.3 Site Plan landmarks

CONTEXTANALYSIS

4.4 landmarks of Nuris

4.5 Site water springs location and surrounding villages

CONTEXTANALYSIS

4.6 Site selection criteria

Richsoil.

AswementionedbeforeNurishasanareaof36acres,150metersabovesealevel. Ithaslandswithanareaof6,256dunums,ofwhich9dunumsareforroads,andthe Jewsdonotownanyinchofit.Surroundingtheselandsarethelandsofthevillages ofMazar,ZareenandAinJaroud.

History.Topography.

Furthermore,therewereseveralspringstothenorthofthevillage,themostfamous of which wasAin Jalut (or Jalud), which is one of the largest springs in Palestine. Al-Ainwaterwasusedinhomesandinirrigatingthevillageorchards.

Watersprings.

Stratigiclocation. Oneofthedestroyed villages.

Thevillageasitisin1987,therearepilesofstonesscatteredalloverthesite,which isdominatedbypineandoaktrees.Apartoftheadjacentlandsisusedasapasture forlivestockafteritwasfenced,whileanotherpartiscultivated.Cacti,figandolive treesgrowclosetothesite.

Everything mentioned above provides us with a huge possibility in creating the emptyplaces;becausethereisnownothinginthevillage.

Accessibility.Availabilityofempty spaces.

The nearest water springs to nuris village

4.7 Views surrounding the village

CONTEXTANALYSIS

4.8 Families and village houses in 1948

Familiesofthevillage:

Among the families that resided in the village, we mentionthefollowing:

Abu Rashid, Omar, Abu Hammad, Nursi, Harabsheh,Hallamna,Radwan,Tawalbeh,Farahta.

Villagehouses:

There were 364 Arabs in Nuris in 1922. In 1931, theyreached429Muslims- 201males. and 228females. In 1945 AD, their number was 570 people, returning to the villages ofAl-Jalama, Seris, Qabatiya and Al-Mazar . In 1948, their number reached 661.

The number of houses in 1931 AD was 106, and their houses were mostly built of mud and cement. Theconstructionofthehousesextendedtothewest onbothsidesof theroadthatusedto connectNuris withZareen.

4.9 Site landuse

Landuse of Nuris village in 1948

Nuriswasdistinguishedbythevastareasofagriculturallandsurroundedbyamber,pinetrees,andmore. Therewasalso aspringofwater called(Ain Nuris), next to which a perennial mulberry tree was located wherethevillagersgathered,anditwasaconnecting pointandalandmarkforresidentsandvisitors.

The residential area was divided into yards called (Ahwash),each yard(Hosh)was inhabited by families such asAl-Farihat,Al-Saadiyya,Al-Jalamaneh, andmanymore.Inthecenterofthevillagetherewas avillagemarket,aswellasamosque.

Thereweremanycemeteriesinthevillage ofNuris, one of the cemeteries was called the Martyrs’Cemetary, and it contains the tomb of Sheikh Farhan Al-Saadi and his father. To the west of the village, there was a school atAl-Tabqa, howevernowadays, thereareveryfewremainsofit.

Inaddition,the village isdistinguishedbytheabundance of caverns in it, so it was used for several things including grazing livestock, sitting and hiding inside of the caverns. There are also chains surroundingthevillage.

CONTEXTANALYSIS

4.10 Climate analysis

Cloudy, sunny, and precipitationdays

The climate of Nuris is similar to that of Jenin because it is only nine kilometers away. Because of its topography, the Jenin region’s climate differs from that of the rest of Palestine. The city is situated between 125 and 225 meters above sea level and is surrounded by hills.The Jalboun Mountains encircle it from the east, while the Nablus Mountains and its extension in Mount Carmel surround it from the south, west, and northwest, and its opening to Marj IbnAmer is closed by the GalileeMountainsatadistanceofnomorethan20Howmany.Asaresult,thecity received less advantage from the wet and temperature-altering western and southwestern winds.It also managed to separate Jenin’s climate from the Mediterranean Sea,makingitmoreharsh.Forexample,theJeninregionreceives150mmlessrain thanthenearbyYa’badregionandhasahigheraveragetemperature.

Thewindrosefor32.54°N35.36°Eshowshowmanyhours peryearthewindblowsfromtheindicateddirection.

CONTEXTANALYSIS

M 5.1Program

5.2TableofSpaces

5.3Elevatedwalkwaytypology

5.4Urbanhousingtypology

5.1 Program

A. Zone of history (past): The major mission of the project, It is the zone wherethejourneyofmuseumsstarts; the tourists will explore 2 types of the pastofthevillage.

B. Heritage village: This is where the tourists/visitorscanlearnaboutthevillage heritage and culture through differenttypesofcraftsworkshops.

C.Religiousarea&Urbanhousing: The users in this stage will see the future of Nuris village where there will be acombination betweeenVernacular architectureandanEco-minimalistimpact.

5.2 Table of Spaces

1.1Lobby

1.2 Securityoffice

1.3 Guidemanoffice 2MuseumofSadness

2.1Exhibition

2.1.1AinJalut

2.1.2Controlling

2.1.3Haganah

2.1.4Expel

2.1.5Ethniccleansingofthevillage

3MuseumofHappiness

3.1Exhibition(onscreen)

5.3 Elevated walkway typology

Zone Name

Heritage village (present)

1CraftCenter

1.1Olivewoodworkshop

1.2Embroideryworkshop

1.3Potteryworkshop

1.4Library

1.5Shopsofcrafts

Religious Area

1Mosque Food Court

1Shops

Urban Housing (future)

1Typology

1.1Type1:2users

1.2Type2:4-6users

1.3Type3:6-8users

5.4 Urban housing typology

Type 2-users

Type 4-6users

Type 6-8users

6.1Philosophy

6.2 Project Scenario “Experience through differenttime”

6.3VillageMasterPlan1948

6.4VillageMasterPlan2023

6.5DistrictZoning

6.6MemorialParkZoning

6.7MasterPlan“MemorialPark”Journey

6.8ConceptualSketch“ElevatedWalkway”

6.9DetailedPlan“MemorialPark”Journey

6.10DetailedPlans

6.11ConceptualSection

6.1 PHILOSOPHY

Creating a sequential journey across the project by reviving and returning Nuris and transforming the villageintoamemorialparkbyinvestigatingitspast (museum of sadness and happiness) and uniting it with the present (cultural/heritage center) in regard toalightofhope,intothefuture(elevatedwalkways & housing).Aside from making it a smart and sus-

CONCEPT

6.2 PROJECT SCENARIO EXPERIENCETHROUGHDIFFERENTTIME

2-Theeducationalcomplex:

TheabsenceofschoolsinthevillagebeforetheNakba,thisproject promotededucationinthevillage.Withthedeterminedbeliefinthe right of every person to choose his educationalpath, thiscombination grants the right to basic education The secondary school is in addition to vocationaleducation, and a school for literacy is establishedinthevillage,withouttheneedtoleavethevillage

6.3 Village Master Plan 1948

CONCEPT

6.4 Village Master Plan 2023

6.5 District Zoning

CONCEPT

6.6 Memorial Park Zoning

6.7 MASTER PLAN “MEMORIALPARK”JOURNEY

6.8 CONCEPTUAL SKETCH

ELEVATEDWALKWAY

6.9 DETAILED PLAN

“MEMORIALPARK”JOURNEY

Thevisitorcangothroughseveralstagesinthismemorialgarden,theywilllearnaboutthevillage’smiserableandsadpastaswellas whatthePalestiniancitizenwassubjectedtobygoingthroughamuseumcalledTheMuseumofSadness;inthismuseumthetourist willpassthroughfivemainbuildingsthatcontainthehistoricalchronologyofthevillage.Afterthat,thevisitorwillpassthroughan underground museum calledThe Museum of Happiness, and here they will learn about the happy past of the people of the ancient village through display screens. The visitor will see the light of hope and be able to see the outside. Down to the village market (Souq),wheretheywillviewthememorialsthatrepresentthe(Hosh)forfamiliesinthepast.Ontheotherhand,therewillbevisitors walkingonanelevatedwalkwaybetweenpineandoaktreesthatseethevillagefromadifferentpointofview;thisisthefutureofthe village.Inadditiontothehostelfortourists,itwillbecomeatouriststationthatoverlooksthegreenspacessurroundingthevillage.

Elevated Walkway

6.11 Conceptual Section

Final Concept Poster

“Nostalgia for the future”

References

1-PalestineLandSociety,https://www.plands.org/en/home.

2-“نينج

Nuris(نينج

(סירונ, https://www.palestineremembered.com/Jinin/Nuris/ar/index.html.

3-Imeu.“IMEUInstituteforMiddleEastUnderstanding.”IMEU,5May2022, https://imeu.org/article/the-nakba-and-palestine-refugees-imeu-questions-and-answers.

4-“UNESCO - theArtof EmbroideryinPalestine,Practices, Skills, Knowledge and Rituals.” Intangible Cultural Heritage, https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/the-art-of-embroidery-in-palestine-practices-skills-knowledge-and-rituals-01722.

5-(PDF) Green Architecture: A Concept of Sustainability - Researchgate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291419457_Green_Architecture_A_Concept_of_Sustainability.

6-“RomanArchitecture(Article)|AncientRome.”KhanAcademy,KhanAcademy, https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/x7e914f5b:beginner-guides-to-roman-architecture/a/roman-architecture.

7-“MinimalistArchitecture.”MinimalistArchitecture-DesigningBuildings, https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Minimalist_architecture.

8-“Home:Riwaq-CentreforArchitecturalConservation. ”Riwaq,https://www.riwaq.org/.

9-Michaelaschludecker, and Sophie.lehmann@;>:~+?^*.com. “Simulated Historical Climate & Weather Datafor32.54°N35.36°E.”Meteoblue,30Jan.2023, https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/32.536N35.363E121_Asia%2FJerusalem.

References

10-“WhatIsArchitecturalHeritage.”IGIGlobal, https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/architectural-heritage/48665.

11-Ghisleni,Camilla.“WhatIsVernacularArchitecture?”ArchDaily,ArchDaily,25Nov.2020, https://www.archdaily.com/951667/what-is-vernacular-architecture.

12-“ةينيطسلفلاةيضقللةيلعافتلاةعوسوملا“.سرون, https://www.palquest.org/ar/place/21491/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3.