La La Vida Vida y y obra obra de de Jose Jose Rizal Rizal THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL
THE
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL HERO PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY
Philippines in Social Structure The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered from feudalistic and master slave relationships by the Spaniards. Their social structure is ranked into three groups: a.) Highest class – the people that belong in this class include the Spaniards, peninsulares and the friars. They have the power and authority to rule over the Filipinos. They enjoyed their positions and did what they wanted. The Spanish officials The Peninsulares (Spaniards who were born in Spain). They held the most important government jobs, and made up the smallest number of the population. The Friars are members of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans
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b.) Middle Class – the people that belong into this class include the natives, mestizos and the criollos. Natives – the pure Filipinos The Mestizos are Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino or European or Chinese ancestry.
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c.) Lowest class – this class includes the Filipinos only. The Indios are the poor people having pure blood Filipin which ruled by the Spaniards.
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the 19th Century
Political Political System System The Spaniards ruled the Filipinos in the 19th century. The Filipinos became the Spaniard’s slave. The Spaniards claimed their taxes and they worked under the power of the Spaniards. Sources of Abuses in the Administrative System: 1. There was an appointment of officials with inferior qualifications. 2. There were too complicated functions to the unions of the church and the state. 3. Manner of obtaining the position. 4. Term of office or term in office is the length of time a person (usually a politician) serves in a particular office is dependent on the desire of the King of the country. 5. Distance of the colony- The Spanish officials traveled to various places and the needs of the Philippines were ignored. 6. Personal interest over the welfare of the State 7.There was a great corruption during the 19th century and the Alcaldias/Alcalde is considered as the most corrupt over the other corrupts.
Philippines in
Economic Economic Development Development The country was opened to foreign trade at the end of the 18th century which resulted in the rapid rise of foreign firms in Manila. This stimulated agricultural production and export of sugar, rice hemp and tobacco. The number of families which prospered from foreign commerce and trade were able to send their sons for an education in Europe. Filipinos who were educated abroad were able to absorb the intellectual development in Europe. The rise of commercial agriculture gave birth to a new social class.
Along
with
the
church's
landholdings
and
the
pre-Spanish
nobility's rice estates, haciendas of coffee, hemp, and sugar arose, typically owned by ambitious Chinese-Filipino mestizos. Some of the prominent families of the nineteenth century have continued to play an important part in Philippine politics and economics.
the 19th Century Educational Educational System System There are lots of criticisms received in the educational system of the Philippines in the late 19th century. Below are the following: 1. Overemphasis on religious matters-The power of religious orders remained one of the great constants, over the centuries, of Spanish colonial rule. 2. Obsolete teaching methods- Their methods are outdated. 3. Limited curriculum- The students in the primary level were taught the Christian Doctrines, the reading of Spanish books and a little of the natives’ language. 4. Poor classroom facilities 5. Absence of teaching materials 6. Primary education was neglected 7. Absence of academic freedom- The absence of academic freedom in Spain’s educational system was extended to the schools that Spaniards established in the Philippines. 8. Prejudice against Filipinos in the schools of higher learning- In entirety, education during the Spanish regime was privileged only to Spanish students 9. Friar control over the system- The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times.
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda Dr. Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period. He is considered the national hero of the Philippines. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement, which advocated political reforms during the Spanish colony.
Facts about Dr. Jose Rizal The Family of Jose Rizal Dr. José Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Even Negrito blood aside from Chinese.
The Birth and Death of Jose Rizal
The Education of Jose Rizal Jose Rizal’s first teacher was his mother. Then he was sent to a private school in Biñan. When he was 11 years old, Rizal entered the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, he earned a land surveyor’s and assessor’s degree from the Ateneo Municipal while taking up Philosophy and Letters at the University of Santo Tomas. Upon learning that his mother was going blind, Rizal opted to study ophthalmology at the UST Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. Rizal traveled to Europe in May 1882. He earned a Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid, where he also took courses in philosophy and literature.
Dr. Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna. His advocacy for reforms in the Philippines during Spanish colonial period led to his early death at the age of 36. He was executed in Bagumbayan, now called Luneta, in Manila on December 30, 1896.
The Exile of Jose Rizal in Dapitan Rizal lived in exile in far-away Dapitan, a remote town in Mindanao which was under the missionary jurisdiction of the Jesuits, from 1892 to 1896.
The Son of Jose Rizal Bracken and Rizal lived together as husband and wife in Barangay Talisay, Dapitan, beginning in July 1895. The couple had a son, Francísco Rizal, who was born prematurely and died within a few hours of birth.
The poem "Mi último adiós", translated in english as “My Last Farewell” is the last poem written by Jose Rizal before he was executed. The poem was one of the literary works he made, which is his will testaments and his unwavering love for his country. For him, offering his life was the best way he could show his love for the country. Even he was going to die, he was not resentful instead he challenged the each of the Filipinos to serve and love our country. However he was also hopeful that his death would serve as inspiration to everyone. He encouraged the youth to continue to dream and fulfill it.
MI ÚLTIMO ADIÓS POEM BY JOSÉ RIZAL
Jose Rizal was then eight years old when he wrote this poem because he wanted to reveal his earliest national sentiment. In the poetic verses, he proudly pompously asserted that a person who truly love their native language will definitely strive for liberty like the bird which soars to freer space above. He emphasized the significance and the usage of our mother tongue. Rizal also highlighted on this poem that all languages were equal in terms of its significance and usage. The values and attitude that still valid and usable today is we should be more proud of our nationality and identity, and by enriching our language we could show our sense of pride as Filipinos.
SA AKING MGA KABABATA POEM BY JOSÉ RIZAL
J O S E
R I Z A L ' S
Noli Me Tangere Noli me Tangere was written partially in Madrid, Spain, between 1884 and 1885, while Dr. José P. Rizal was studying medicine. After reading Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, he was inspired to create his own novel about the same issue exposing Spanish colonial brutality in literature. The second half of the story was written in sections from February 21, 1887 to 1887. The novel was written in response to white males abusing slaves in the United States during the nineteenth century. It is one of the most well-known pieces in Philippine literature. Through letters, Rizal recommended to his other Filipino friends in Europe that they meet and plot to write a novel akin to Beecher Stowe's. Rizal and his friends, including the Paterno brothers, Graciano López-Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo de Lete, Melecio Figueroa, Valentn Ventura, and Julio Llorento, arranged to meet in Madrid in 1884. Each of them agreed to write a unified novel.
(touch me not)
Noli Me Tangere is considered romantic, yet its nature makes it more socio-historical. The majority of the topics raised in Noli are still relevant today. The book was considered heretical by Catholic officials in the Philippines at the time. It was classified as subversive and anti-government by Spanish colonial authorities. Rizal's clan was also expelled from Calamba, Laguna, as a result of the effects. As a result, he decided to create the El filibusterismo sequel, which is more sensitive and does not incite revolt. The story not only awoke a dormant Filipino consciousness, but it also laid the foundation for achieving independence.
El Filibusterismo The Reign of Greed
El Filibusterismo, also known by its English alternate title The Reign of Greed, is the second book written by Philippine national hero Jose Rizal. It is the sequel to Noli me tangere and, like the first book, was written in Spanish. It was first published in 1891 in Ghent, Belgium. The novel's dark theme departs dramatically from the previous novel's hopeful and romantic atmosphere, signifying the character Ibarra's resort to solving his country's issues through violent means, after his previous attempt at reforming the country's system have made no effect and seemed impossible with the attitudes of the Spaniards towards the Filipinos. It is a book of thought which contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence and sorrow to the Spanish government, specifically the friars exploring its arrogance and despotism. The novel, along with its predecessor, was banned in some parts of the Philippines as a result of their portrayals of the Spanish government's abuse and corruption. These novels along with Rizal's involvement in organizations that aim to address and reform the Spanish system and its issues led to Rizal's exile to Dapitan and eventual execution. Both the novel and its predecessor, along with Rizal's last poem, are now considered Rizal's literary masterpieces.
La Indolencia de los Filipinos La indolencia de los filipinos or known as The Indolence of the Filipino People is a socio-political essay published in La solidaridad in Madrid, Spain on July 15, 1890, written by Dr. Jose Rizal. The Indolence of the Filipinos is a study of the causes why the people did not, as was said, work hard during the Spanish regime. Rizal pointed out that long before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos were industrious and hardworking. Rizal's objective in annotating and republishing this work was to correct what he understood to be erroneous reports and slanderous statements that could be found in most Spanish works on the Philippines. It is important to note that indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one. Truth is, before the Spaniards arrived on these lands, the natives were industriously conducting business with China, Japan, Arabia, Malaysia, and other countries in the Middle East. The reasons for this said indolence were clearly stated in the essay, and were not based only on presumptions, but were grounded on fact taken from history.
THE THE INDOLENCE INDOLENCE OF OF THE THE FILIPINOS FILIPINOS
Several keys that Jose Rizal pointed out in his essays are; The establishment of the Galleon Trade, The implementation of forced labor, Filipinos were forced to become Nomads, Death of trade in the Philippines, There was a crooked system of education, The Spanish rulers were a bad example to despise manual labor, Gambling was established and widely propagated during those times, There was a crooked system of religion, Taxes were extremely high, and the Tropical hot climate in the Philippines.
It is important to note that indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one. Truth is, before the Spaniards arrived on these lands, the natives were industriously conducting business with China, Japan, Arabia, Malaysia, and other countries in the Middle East. The reasons for this said indolence were clearly stated in the essay, and were not based only on presumptions, but were grounded on fact taken from history. Another thing that we might add that had caused this indolence, is the lack of unity among the Filipino people. In the absence of unity and oneness, the people did not have the power to fight the hostile attacks of the government and of the other forces of society. There would also be no voice, no leader, to sow progress and to cultivate it, so that it may be reaped in due time. In such a condition, the Philippines remained a country that was lifeless, dead, simply existing and not living. As Rizal stated in conclusion, “a man in the Philippines is an individual; he is not merely a citizen of a country.”
It can clearly be deduced from the writing that the cause of the indolence attributed to our race is Spain: When the Filipinos wanted to study and learn, there were no schools, and if there were any, they lacked sufficient resources and did not present more useful knowledge; when the Filipinos wanted to establish their businesses, there wasn’t enough capital nor protection from the government; when the Filipinos tried to cultivate their lands and establish various industries, they were made to pay enormous taxes and were exploited by the foreign rulers.
The Young Women of Malolos MGA KABABAYANG DALAGA NG MALOLOS
RIZAL’S MESSAGE TO FILIPINO WOMEN The fighting spirit displayed by the young women of Malolos inspired Jose Rizal deeply. He expresses immense excitement and satisfaction over the conflict they had fought in his message. In this section of Rizal's letter, it's clear that his ultimate goal was for women to have access to the same educational opportunities that males had.Young ladies were not sent to school in those days because it was widely assumed that they would soon be married and stay at home with the children. Rizal, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of freedom of thought and the right to education for both boys and girls.
THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF FILIPINO MOTHERS TO THEIR CHILDREN In this section of his letter to the young women of Malolos, Rizal emphasizes a few key issues. However, the essential premise is that whatever a mother demonstrates to her children is what the children will become as well. If the mother is constantly kissing the friars' hands in submission, her children will grow up to be imbeciles and mindless fools who do nothing but do as they are told, even if the work at hand violates their individual rights. QUALITIES MOTHERS HAVE TO POSSESS Rizal enumerates the qualities Filipino mothers have to possess: Be a noble wife. Rear her children in the service of the state – here Rizal gives reference to the women of Sparta who embody this quality Set standards of behavior for men around her.
RIZAL’S ADVICE TO UNMARRIED MEN AND WOMEN Unmarried ladies, Jose Rizal warns, should not be fooled by appearances and looks, which can be deceitful. Instead, they should pay attention to men's strong personalities and lofty ideals. Rizal goes on to say that a young woman should look for three traits in a man she hopes to marry: A noble and honored name A manly heart A high spirit incapable of being satisfied with engendering slaves.
T H O U G H T S
O N J O S E R I Z A L
AL RAJHIE PAPANDAYAN
Dr. Jose Rizal played a tremendous role to the society, freedom, and identity of the Filipinos. With his ideology of reform during the Spanish occupation, he wrote his two famous novels Noli Me Tangere and El filibusterismo to mainly expose the abusive, misrule, and corrupt governance of the Spaniards. These works of Dr. Jose Rizal became the tool in strengthening Filipino nationalism and eventually led to a huge revolution during the late 19th century against the Spanish government. As for me, the recognition for Jose Rizal as the Philippine national hero was just and right. Furthermore, we should still also recognize the heroic deeds of the people who sacrificed their lives for the sake of the Independence of the Philippines. I do hope that Filipinos will continue to study and learn our history, especially during the Spanish colonial period, and apply these learning in the modern-day.
For the past few months of learning and understanding the life and works of Rizal, I was able to appreciate and apprehend his ideas and views. Jose Rizal, a Filipino with powerful thoughts, a silent combatant of his time and a victorious hero that fought for the common good that we still enjoy even up to this day and probably will still be experienced in the future. Rizal inspires us specially the youth, to live at your best potential and offer that potential for the good of our nation.
ABEGAIL MAE ALBA
MEAH PAGSIAT
Rizal never grew tired of learning new things and developing new skills. He never stopped learning because he understood and believed that for a country to be socially and economically progressive, its citizens must be educated by quality education rather than remain ignorant. As a Filipino youth, I should take note of Rizal's enthusiasm to learn and educate himself with skills and expertise which not only benefited his growth as an individual, but most importantly, also contributed to the betterment of the nation and his fellow Filipinos.
Dr. Jose Rizal is the epitome of excellent leadership, having emerged among the young people of his day, recognizing his potential, desiring to make a significant difference in his country, and working to improve his country. Like him, younger generations, the new Rizals, must live up to what he has taken, and to be transformational leaders.
LIA PAULINE UNGAB
MARIEL KATE PHANG 2 very specific things: persistence and open-mindedness. Delving deeper into Rizal's life has thought me the importance of achieving what he strongly believes in and that is despite the circumstances he aims for greater results. It was because of his strong will that we are all able to call him our hero. A man after a dream of making his nation achieve independence.
HANNAH ROSSELLE RELOX
After learning every aspect of his life story, I was inspired by his desire for our country: that one day, we will have freedom, an. In order for this to work, one must learn and motivate the Filipinos to break the chains that bind us from the Spaniards. This characteristic of Rizal inspired me not to let anyone affect my life. It taught me to love my nation and its citizens. Another reason I appreciated Dr. Jose Rizal is because of his commitment to education. His poem "Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light" demonstrates that education is extremely important in the lives of all people because it provides them with the necessary knowledge and skills to stand on their own, rather than relying on the orders of others.
NORZHAM SARANGANI
Jose Rizal is the embodiment of a courageous person. His dream and vision for the country are commendable. His plan and vision for the country was ambiguous but I find it reasonable, given the state of the country at that time. His ideology in education is something that must be treasured in this generation and to the next. He was not perfect, no one is, but he I find him honorable for what he had contributed to the country.
GRACIAS GRACIAS THE LIFE AND WORKS OF JOSE RIZAL
SALAMAT!
References: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2021, June 15). Jose Rizal | Biography, Education, Works, Full Name, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Rizal Philippines in the 19th Century. (n.d.). Wordpress.Com. https://dimasalanglaonglaan.wordpress.com/philippines-in-the-19th-century/ The Mercado – Rizal Family | Knights of Rizal in Belgium. (n.d.). Knights of Rizal. Retrieved June 15, 2021, from https://www.knights-of-rizal.be/rizal-family/? fbclid=IwAR3hqDEPZzdiEqsFqgmBqn3lCTE0lCIGMq0BkKiIUgOd6QkObOfNzlga6ug To the Young Women of Malolos: Summary and Analysis. (n.d.). http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/2011/08/to-young-women-of-malolos-summaryand.html 15 Mar Rizal’s Education. (2021, March 15). Filipinas Heritage https://www.filipinaslibrary.org.ph/articles/rizals-education/? fbclid=IwAR0LJ_UL5nSk4l3OlJVYaN6kCuCNtLniNArTUkjkT4KzmQ3cJu4H72lBEbs
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Interpretation of the poem “Sa Aking mga Kabata“. (2017, Jan 07). Retrieved from http://studymoose.com/interpretation-of-the-poem-sa-aking-mga-kabata-essay Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell). (2015, March 20). https://prezi.com/4bv4mibtp4q4/mi-ultimo-adios-my-last-farewell/
Retrieved
from
Noli Me Tangere/Introduction - Wikibooks, open books for an open world. (2021). Noli Me Tangere. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Noli_Me_Tangere/Introduction Alatas, S. (N.D). “On Eurocentrism and Laziness: The Thought of Jose Rizal”. Global Asia. Retrieved from https://www.globalasia.org/v6no1/book/on-eurocentrism-and-lazinessthe-thought-of-jose-rizal_syed-farid-alatas The Indolence of the Filipinos: Summary and Analysis. 2011. Retrieved from http://thelifeandworksofrizal.blogspot.com/p/references.html