JV3 modelling - Section J - NCC Compliance Report

DESC9197 - Energy Management and Code Compliance University of Sydney

JV3 Energy Modelling - Compliance Report NCC Section J – Energy Efficiency

Prepared by: Ragin Shah

1.0 Executive Summary This modelling report has been prepared at the instruction of Sydney City Council for the proposed Class 3 commercial building, located at Queen St, Newtown. This report applies specifically to the proposed building design and is intended to: Confirm the compliance of the works with the NCC 2016 Volume 1 : Section J – Energy Efficiency provisions.

This analysis has been carried out in order to confirm that the estimated energy consumption for the development (calculated in accordance with Specification JV) is compliant with the NCC 2016 Volume 1 : Section J - Energy Efficiency provisions via the alternative verification method JV3 – Verification using a reference building.

The information contained in this report has been based on the following information: ● Architectural plan drawing issued ● Section detail drawings The relevant data and information contained within each of the energy estimation models has been further outlined within this report. Compliance with the provision of Section J – Energy Efficiency is verified when it is determined that the estimated annual energy consumption of the ‘Proposed Building’ is not more than the estimated annual energy consumption of a (deemed-to-satisfy compliant) ‘Reference Building’ when: ● The proposed building is modelled with the same services as the reference building.

The following graph and table summaries the results of the analysis: Estimated Annual Energy Consumption Reference Building (with reference services)

Estimated Annual Energy Consumption Proposed Building (with reference services)

Total Energy Use - KWh

186017.37

177745.06

Total Energy Use - MWh

186.01

177.74

BCA Section J - Building Energy Breakdown 200000 150000 100000 50000 0

Heating

Cooling

Lighting

Fans

Total

60932.83

Equipment s 96209.17

Refrence Model

1938.48

15434.59

11502.3

186017.37

Proposed Model

2131.75

10403.86

60956.55

96248.1

8004.8

177745.06

Based on the results outlined we see there is significant reduction in cooling and fans, by using significant amount of glazing required for the building and appropriate materials.

Therefore, it can be stated that the proposed building design is compliant with the provisions of Section J - Energy Efficiency, having confirmed compliance via the alternative solution JV3 – Verification using a reference building (NCC 2016).

To achieve compliance as stated above the following thermal performance of the building fabric is required: Element External wall Internal partition Suspended floor slab Roof

R - Value 2.8 1.8 N/A 4.2

Notes: 1. The above results have been achieved based upon the drawings and sections provided.

2. The review of glazing types has considered the thermal rating to the glazing and frame configurations only.

The design team should also coordinate these recommendations with any specific acoustic, wind, structural, safety (during design and installation) or Architectural Design requirements for the project.

As a further guide to the building thermal performance requirements, the architect is required to incorporate NCC 2016 Section J prescriptive requirements (where applicable) as noted in Appendix A.

2.0 Introduction This modelling report has been prepared for the proposed commercial development, located at Sydney, NSW and sets out the proposed design parameters by which the building will be demonstrate design compliance with the NCC Section J – Energy Efficiency provisions.

The project aims to meet the following goal: Confirm compliance with the Section J of the NCC 2014 via the alternative verification method: JV3 – Verification using a reference building.

This report/energy analysis should be read in conjunction with all relevant plans and specifications and any supplementary regulatory information as nominated further within the body of this report.

2.1 Section J and JV3 overview 2.1.1 Background on Energy Efficiency Commercial building in Australia are responsible for maximum energy consumption and carbon emission, To adapt a better energy outcomes and to reduce carbon emissions from the building, mandatory energy efficiency standards from the NCC volume one are used to achieve better performance of building in response to the concerns over global warming in Australia.

Section J is part of the NCC building code of Australia dealing with energy efficiency for class 2 – class 9 buildings. The assessment will indicate where a building solution is proposed to comply with the deemed to satisfy provisions.

The performance requirements of a particular building set the level of performance that must be achieved by a compliance solution and the compliance solutions are the means of satisfying the Performance Requirements.

The NCC provides for different approaches: The Performance Requirements can only be satisfied by a – (a) Performance Solution; or (b) (b) Deemed-to-Satisfy Solution; or (c) (c) a combination of (a) and (b)

JV3 method is an approach to verify if the whole building complies with NCC objective J01, which contributes in reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, JV3 method is carried out by simulating a 3d model of the building with all minimum required specifications of building in the section J. Example : Materials, Construction, Shading, glazing chart, schedule of services, occupancy to be used in the building by using actual historical weather data from nearest weather station to determine buildings heat transfer and annual energy consumption which can be compared to the proposed building with updated specifications. This approach is useful to determine the annual energy consumption effectively. It also includes extra heat load created by the building occupants and electrical equipment according to JV3 modelling conditions.

This JV3 Report includes all conditions for JV3 Thermal Simulations with following settings in the software – Design Builder: ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

●

3D model of the building in correct location, orientation and weather.

Schedules for occupancy, internal heat loads, lighting and HVAC system using NCC volume 1 table 2b occupancy chart for class 5 buildings.

Simulation for 8760 hours (every single hour in a whole year), with an operating schedule of at least 2500 hours/year.

Calculate aggregate heat transfer & cumulative energy consumption.

Thermostats should be set at 18°C to 26°C. Note that these are wider than a typical building’s actual thermostats.

Air conditioning plant and Artificial Lighting complies with NCC Parts J5 and J6.

The air conditioning & heating Annual Energy Efficiency Ratio (AEER) must comply with NCC Performance Requirement JP3, while the cooling AEER must comply with MEPS (see energyrating.gov.au for more info).

The HVAC Design Factors used were COP/EER for all Heat Pump configurations, 19kW to 39kW has been agreed to be 3.1 for heating and cooling — actual systems will have a higher design factor to account for sizing, redundancy, maintenance & response.

The fresh air rate is 10L/sec/person or as per AS1668.2. The Infiltration rate is 1.5 air changes/hour for the perimeter zone while the HVAC plant is operating.

The simulated Reference Building should be identical to the actual building except for the following conditions: ● Solar Absorptance of Walls & Roof ● DTS-compliant insulation in all envelope elements (roof + ceiling, walls, floor) ● DTS-compliant glazing to all orientations (including roof lights) ● All other conditions match the proposed building This JV3 Assessment can be used to obtain significant cost savings in energy consumption yearly.

3.0 Project Information Property Title: Commercial building Address: Sydney, NSW Class and Use: Class 5 Verification Method JV3: Verification using a Reference Building NCC Climate Zone: Zone 5 Name and Version of the Software used in the Analysis: Design Builder 5.0.2.3. , Energy plus, Visualization, CFD, Daylighting, HVAC.

3.1 Climate zone map

Figure : Climate Zone Map, Climate zones in Australia Source : ABCB, NCC Volume 1, Energy efficiency handbook, 2016

3.2 Project Details

Figure: Schematic (Top) Plan (Bottom) Section of the project

Generic details: ● Three floor L‐shaped commercial office building. ● The ground floor slab is 200mm concrete. ● 3m opaque awning located at 3.5m above the ground floor slab level. ● Slab‐to‐slab height 3.5m high. Ceiling of each floor at 2.7m from the top of the floor slab. ● The spandrel construction imposes a limit of 50mm thickness available for insulation. ● The building has a 150mm concrete slab roof, as are all the internal floors. ● Insulation is planned to be installed directly under the roof slab, no insulation is to be installed on the ceiling (so as to not impede wiring and lighting cabling and control).

Assumed details: ● Typical finishes for the building. ● No doors considered. ● The toilet amenity area, lift core and plant room repeat on each floor. ● The rest of the floor plate is open plan office space.

Surroundings: ● Building on southerly side - 17.5 m height and ● Building to westerly side - 7m high.

Note: Estimated annual energy consumption is analysed on the basis of this provided details for both (deemed-to-satisfy compliant) ‘Reference Building’ and proposed buildings. No alterations have been done with the above mentioned details.

4.0 Constant Modeling inputs 4.1 Building form To ensure uniformity in the assessment the building form must remain the same for both reference and proposed building models; which includes ● Floor plan, ● Roof geometry, ● Number of Floors, ● Ground to lowest floor arrangements and ● size and ● Location of glazing.

The following areas of glazing were used on the facades for both reference and proposed model, for this assignment the conditioned zone of the building has been considered to be the entire floor to ceiling height.

Facade

North West side

North East side

West

South

East - South East side North side

Ground floor (m2)

19.50

39

5.2

78

41. 6

41.6

First floor (m2)

19.50

39

5.2

78

41. 6

41.6

Second floor (m2)

19.50

39

10.4

78

41. 6

41.6

4.2 Zonal Layout The perimeter zone, internal zones and service zone were defined for the facility, Air conditioned zones were defined for the facility based on the requirement and included in both of the energy models.

4.3 Internal Loads 4.3.1 Occupancy and operation profiles Daily Occupancy and Operating Profile Occupancy, lighting, equipment and HVAC plant throughout the site were estimated to operate in accordance with the NCC 2016 JV Specification in accordance with the following extract from the NCC:

Source : NCC volume 1, Section J, Table 2b OCCUPANCY AND OPERATION PROFILES OF A CLASS 5 BUILDING, A CLASS 7 WAREHOUSE, A CLASS 8 LABORATORY OR A CLASS 9a CLINIC, DAY SURGERY OR PROCEDURE UNIT

4.3.2 Lighting Controls Lights for the building were estimated to operate in accordance with the NCC 2016 JV Specification. Therefore lights were modelled to operate in accordance with Table J6.2a MAXIMUM ILLUMINATION POWER DENSITY for artificial Lighting profiles of a Class 5 commercial Building of the NCC. 4.3.3 Occupant Density In accordance with NCC 2016 specification, 10 m2 occupant density figures were utilized throughout the model.

4.3.4 Internal Heat gain for Occupants In accordance with NCC 2016 JV-2 specification, the internal heat gains for office application are as follows; - 75 W for sensible heat gain and 55 W for latent heat gain per person & - The number of occupants are calculated in accordance with section 4.3.3 in this report.

In accordance with NCC 2016 JV-2 Table D1.13, the area per person for office is 10 m2/person.

4.3.5 Internal Heat Gains from Appliances and Equipment In accordance with the NCC 2016 Specification JV, allowances for sensible heat gain from equipment to all heating and cooling zones throughout the site was 15m2 extracted from NCC 2016 Specification JV - Table 2h INTERNAL HEAT GAINS FOR APPLIANCES AND EQUIPMENTs

4.4 Building Services Simulations 4.4.1 Space Temperature Range In accordance with NCC 2016, Specification JV Clause 2 (a) The space temperature being within the range of 18째C DB to 26째C DB for 98% of the plant operation time.

Cooling Load Set-points were designed to operate at 24째CDB Heating Load Set-points were designed to operate at 20째CDB Availability of Plant, Plant was scheduled to operate in accordance with the Occupancy and Operation Profiles outlined above in Section 4.3.1 of this report.

All mechanical services plant was assumed to be available for operation during these times.

4.4.2 Mechanical Ventilation Rate Outside Air Outside air was introduced to the conditioned spaces via the air conditioning within the energy model at a rate of 10 l/s/person.

4.4.2 Exhaust Ventilation System Operation Exhaust ventilation was modelled in accordance with AS1668.2 and the proposed mechanical services design (PTHP, continuous, outside air mode).

4.4.3 Infiltration Air Change Rate In accordance with the NCC 2016 Specification JV, sensible heat gain from equipment to all heating and cooling zones throughout the site based on NCC 2016 Section JV3 Energy Efficiency clause (d) (i) (F) “Infiltration values, for a perimeter zone of depth equal to the floor-to-ceiling height: when pressurising plant is operating, 1.0 air changes per hour; and o when pressurising plant is not operating, 1.5 air changes per hour.”

4.4.4 Heat Migration The model generated for the building allowed for all associated internal wall construction types This included internal walls are considered to cover the service zones, internal doors and windows are not considered for this simulation exercise. The heat load simulation then calculated the heat flow across all interconnecting zones during the simulation, which in turn was then incorporated into the energy simulation calculations.

4.4.5 Hot Water Supply Domestic hot water Energy consumption has been excluded from the calculation in accordance with the NCC 2016 Specification JV3, which states; “Where the annual energy consumption of the hot water supply or lifts and escalators are the same in the proposed building and the reference building, they may be omitted from the calculation of both the proposed building and the reference building.”

5.0 Reference Building, Case 1 5.1 Building Fabric The “Deemed-to-Satisfy� requirements for NCC Section J1 compliance were used to calculate the total thermal performance levels required for the opaque building elements. The project is assumed to be Class 5 in Climate Zone 5. Therefore, the following building fabrics were used to model the reference building.

Element External wall - Services External wall - Spandrel External wall – North wall (West side) Internal partition Suspended floor slab Roof

R - Value 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.8 N/A 4.2

Thickness 310mm 325mm 380mm 150mm 800mm 800mm

5.2 Glazing and Shading 5.2.1 Glazing Area Distribution The glazed areas used for the reference building were calculated using the NCC volume one Section J2 Glazing Calculator (Method 2). A maximum allowance for glazing was reached using the calculator (Appendix B) based on an assumed assessment of conditioned zones.

5.2.2 External shading A 3m opaque awning located at 3.5m above the ground floor slab level in the reference building, In accordance with Section J2 NCC provides the ability to account for permanent horizontal external shading projections which reduce the solar load on a window. These shading elements must be solid in construction and provided a direct reduction to the solar absorbance calculations within the heat load calculations. These results in turn are applied to the energy model to ensure the reference case reflects the thermal performance allowance applied in the Part J2 Glazing Calculator as accurately as possible.

5.2.3 Glazing type used In reference to section J, energy efficiency handbook, Figure 9-11 Strategies for climate zones 5 to 8. The glazing system has been developed for ground floor and above floors. (Refer: Appendix B section J calculator for glazing system and glass types)

5.3 Lighting Levels Lighting levels according to NCC J6.2 allowances were incorporated into the energy modelling (see below): Zone Perimeter Internal Services

Lighting Load 9 W/m2 9 W/m2 6 W/m2

5.4 Heating and Air conditioning The following attributes were applicable to the deemed to satisfy HVAC system (to conditioned areas) : System: PTHP COP (Heating): 3.1 EER (Cooling): 3.1 Fan operating mode: Continuous Air supply system: At 19kW to 39kW Note: Above configuration is confirmed for this submission and report.

The occupancy schedule for Ventilation, Heating and Cooling has kept same on all HVAC tab (refer: 4.3.1, Appendix and ESV report).

While NCC Section J5 requires that air economy cycle be implemented for HVAC systems larger than 35 kWr; Even though using the Detailed HVAC interface.

6.0 Proposed Building, Case 2

Interventions in building fabric, glazing and shading for better performance.

6.1 Building Fabric The “Deemed-to-Satisfy� requirements for NCC Section J1 compliance were used to calculate the total thermal performance levels required for the opaque building elements. The project is assumed to be Class 5 in Climate Zone 5. Therefore, the following building fabrics were used to model the reference building.

Element External wall - Services External wall - Spandrel External wall – North wall (West side) Internal partition Suspended floor slab Roof

R - Value 2.8 3.4 3.5 1.8 N/A 4.2

Thickness 310mm 325mm 380mm 150mm 800mm 800mm

6.2 Glazing and Shading 6.2.1 Glazing Area Distribution The glazed areas used for the reference building were calculated using the NCC volume one Section J2 Glazing Calculator (Method 2). A maximum allowance for glazing was reached using the calculator (Appendix B) based on an assumed assessment of conditioned zones.

6.2.2 External shading 2m opaque awning on each level for better daylighting located at 3.5m above the ground floor slab level in the proposed building, North wall on the westerly side has both vertical shading device located at the end of the window on the west side and horizontal shading device located at 3.5 m above the floor. Since the north wall receives maximum number of hours of direct sunlight, This intervention will allow the north wall to heat less and in turn allow less amount of energy in cooling and also in turn will reduce amount of insulation which will provide better comfort.

6.2.3 Glazing type used In reference to section J, energy efficiency handbook, Figure 9-11 Strategies for climate zones 5 to 8. The glazing system has been developed for ground floor and above floors. (Refer : Appendix B section J calculator for glazing system and glass types)

6.3 Lighting Levels Lighting levels according to NCC J6.2 allowances were incorporated into the energy modelling (see below): Zone Perimeter Internal Services

Lighting Load 9 W/m2 9 W/m2 6 W/m2

Note: Lighting levels are kept constant

6.4 Heating and Air conditioning The following attributes were applicable to the deemed to satisfy HVAC system (to conditioned areas) : System: PTHP COP (Heating): 3.1 EER (Cooling): 3.1 Fan operating mode: Continuous Air supply system: At 19kW to 39kW Note: Above configuration is confirmed for this submission and report.

The occupancy schedule for Ventilation, Heating and Cooling has kept same on all HVAC tab (refer: 4.3.1, Appendix and ESV report).

While NCC Section J5 requires that air economy cycle be implemented for HVAC systems larger than 35 kWr; Even though using the Detailed HVAC interface.

7.0 Design and Material Specifications 7.1.1 Reference Building, Case – 1, Minimum Section J requirements

Figure: Section J minimum required materials, for material R-Value and thickness refer section 6.1.

7.1.2 Proposed Building, Case – 2, Design and Material Alterations for better efficiency

Figure: Design changes in shading and material improvements in the proposed building, for material R-Value and thickness refer section 6.1.

7.1.3 Reference building Glazing, Case – 1 Description

Ground Floor

Orientation

G.James Glass & Aluminium| West Façade Type 651 - 500 Series Window Wall – Double Glazed GJA-039-02 6PGy/12/6 G.James Glass & Aluminium| Type 651-500 Series Aluminium South façade Curtain Wall - Captive – Double Glazed GJA-044-01 6/12/6 RJS Aluminium Group Pty Ltd| OLYMPIC 2610 Series (150 x North55) Front Glazed Frame – East side façade Double Glazed - With Subsill OLY-012-08 6EG/12Ar/6 RJS Aluminium Group Pty Ltd| OLYMPIC 2610 Series (150 x North55) Front Glazed Frame – West side façade Double Glazed - With Subsill OLY-012-08 6EG/12Ar/6 Alumode Windows Pty Ltd| Hunter EVO Curtain Wall System East – – North side Façade Double Glazed ALS-085-12 6SolTGy/12Ar/6Clr Alumode Windows Pty Ltd| Hunter EVO Curtain Wall System East – – South side facade Double Glazed ALS-085-12 6SolTGy/12Ar/6Clr First Floor and Second Floor G.James Glass & Aluminium| Type 651 - 500 Series Window West Façade Wall – Double Glazed GJA-039-02 6PGy/12/6 G.James Glass & Aluminium| Type 651-500 Series Aluminium South façade Curtain Wall - Captive - Double Glazed GJA-044-01 6/12/6 GLASSPLACE| Capral 200 Hinged Door into 400 Narrowline – North – Double Glazed East side façade CAP-048-08 6SolEGy/12/638Sx GLASSPLACE| Capral 200 Hinged Door into 400 Narrowline – North – Double Glazed West side façade CAP-048-08 6SolEGy/12/638Sx Distinctive Glass and Aluminium| Capral 150mm 419 Flushline East- Double Glazed North side façade CAP-073-004 6SpGy/12/6 Distinctive Glass and Aluminium| Capral 150mm 419 Flushline East – - Double Glazed South side façadeCAP-073-004 6SpGy/12/6

U - Value

SHGC

4.3

0.36

3.8

0.66

4.0

0.34

4.0

0.34

3.4

0.26

3.4

0.26

4.3

0.26

3.8

0.66

3.8

0.22

3.8

0.22

3.8

0.21

3.8

0.21

Note: Following Glazing system have been used in reference model with respect to Section J volume 1 glazing calculator, glazing system values and manufacturer of glazing.

7.1.3 Reference building Glazing, Case – 2 Description

Orientation Ground Floor – First Floor – Second Floor Architectural Window Systems | All Facades Commercial framing series 826 Front Glazed – Double Glazed AWS-043-32 6EVanClr/12Ar/6

U - Value

SHGC

2.6

0.50

Note: Following Glazing system have been used in proposed model on all facades to maintain consistency and achieve the best possible outcome with respect to Section J volume 1 glazing calculator, glazing system values and manufacturer of glazing.

Figure : Proposed Glazing to be used in the Proposed building, Case 2 simulation Source : AWS, 2015 Available at : http://www.awsaustralia.com.au/thermalheart/thermally-broken-150mmfrontglaze-framing

8.0 Model Verification 8.1 Temperature Control In accordance with specification JV3 Clause (d) (i) (D), the conditioned space temperature of the reference building must be within the range of 18°C CDB to 26°C CDB for 98% of the plant operation time.

To verify this requirement, the results of each zone on each floor in Design Builder modelling tool are checked for cooling and heating period. As the plant is assigned to operate as per the schedule shown at table 1 between 7 am to 6 pm on weekdays only, the check is carried out for these period throughout for verification of space temperature falling in this range. The results are noted below.

Location Conditioned zones

Air temperature (°C) % hours in range < 18.00 0

Air temperature (°C) % hours in range 18.00 < t < 26:00 100

Air temperature (°C) % hours in range > 26:00 0

% of temperature falling outside 18°C – 26°C range = 0 %

9.0 Energy Consumption Results 9.1 Outcomes

Heating Cooling Lighting Equipment’s Fans Total Energy consumption – Heating, Cooling and Fans Reduction

Reference model – Case 1 (KWh)

Proposed model – Case 2 (KWh)

1938.47 15434.56 60932.83 96209.17 11502.9 186017.32

2131.75 10403.86 60956.55 96248.1 8004.8 177745.06

28875.32

Note: For Table format of results refer to executive summary section 1.0

20540.08 28.87 %

10.0 Conclusion In accordance with the proposed design outcome the energy model in Case 2 showed the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total energy to be 20.54 MWh/year. This total is 28.87% less than the energy consumption of the project reference building 28.87 MWh/year.

This shows that the material used in proposed building are more efficient, and in turn can be beneficiary in terms of cost savings per year and reduction in carbon emissions.

It is therefore confirmed that the estimated annual energy consumption from the energy analysis is deemed to be compliant with the provisions the NCC 2014 Section J Energy Efficiency JV3 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Verification using a reference building.

11.0 NCC Requirements considered Performance requirements

For compliance with Section J, JP1, JP3, JV3, Specification JV Annual energy consumption, J0 ,J1,J2,J3,J5,J6,J7, J8 has been considered.

Thermal Construction General

For compliance with Section J1.2 of the NCC 2016.

Roof and Ceiling Construction

For compliance with Section J1.3 of the NCC 2016.

Table J1.3a ROOFS AND CEILINGS -MINIMUM TOTAL R-VALUE FOR EACH CLIMATE ZONE

External Wall construction

For compliance with Section J1.5 of the NCC 2016.

Table J1.5a OPTIONS FOR EACH PART OF AN EXTERNAL WALL THAT IS PART OF AN ENVELOPE

External Wall construction

For compliance with Section J1.5 of the NCC 2016.

Table J1.5a OPTIONS FOR EACH PART OF AN EXTERNAL WALL THAT IS PART OF AN ENVELOPE

Floors

For compliance with Section J1.6 of the NCC 2016 Table J1.6 FLOORS â&#x20AC;&#x201D; MINIMUM TOTAL R-VALUE

Glazing

For compliance with Section J3.6 of the NCC 2014 Figure J2.4 METHOD OF MEASURING P AND H J2.5 Shading

Lighting

For compliance with Section J6.2 of the NCC 2016

Table J6.2a MAXIMUM ILLUMINATION POWER DENSITY

Specification

SPECIFICATION for all part J1, J5, J6 has been considered

12.0 References National Construction Code Australia Volume 1 2016, Building code Australia. (2016). Mgoboard.com.au.

Retrieved 8 November 2017, from http://mgoboard.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/NCC2016-BCAV1.pdf

NCC Volume 1, Energy efficiency handbook. (2017). https://www.abcb.gov.au//media/Files/Resources/Education-Training/Handbook-NCC-Volume-One-Energy-Effciency-Provisions2016.pdf.. Retrieved 8 November 2017, from https://www.abcb.gov.au//media/Files/Resources/Education-Training/Handbook-NCC-Volume-One-Energy-Effciency-Provisions2016.pdf.

Leichhardt Park Child Care Centre, Leichhardt NSW- Nicholas Johnson / Greg Zheng.

(2014). Projectcorp.com.au. Retrieved 8 November 2017, from http://projectcorp.com.au/wordpress/projectfiles/Leichhardt%20Park%20Child%20Care%20Centre/10%2 0Schedules%20and%20Reports/06%20Section%20J%20Report.pdf

13.0 Appendix Glazing calculator for the reference, Case 1, Building

Glazing calculator for the proposed, Case 2, Building