Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha_Architecture Thesis'21_Raghav Mathankar_SPA Delhi

CHHATTISGARH VIDHAN SABHA NAYA RAIPUR

Raghav Mathankar A/2966/2016 Thesis 2021 | SPA Delhi

Contents Abstract

Part A: Investigation

Introduction Proposition Location Site and Context Research Areas Case Studies Program Analysis Functional Relationship Determinants & Concept

Part B: Design Translation

Context Plan Site Plan Movement System Ground Floor Plan Sections First Floor Plan Vidhan Sabha Plenary Hall Library & Conference Room Auditorium & Cafeteria Office Block MLA Office Cluster & CM Chamber

Part C: Technology Steel Tree Structure Building Services Sustainability Thesis Response

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

14 15 16 18 19 20 23 26 28 30 32

35 37 38

ABSTRACT The thesis proposes to reinterpret the design of Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha Complex at Naya Raipur. It aims at developing a complex which reflects democratic behavior in its true sense along with making it an Icon for the state in a modernist approach. This intent then further drives the thesis to en-quire upon some research areas. First area inquires about the history and development of Chhattisgarh as a state. Second one looks at the emergence of Governance in human civilization. The third aspect focuses on the architectural representation of ideologies and political beliefs and understanding relevant models of democratic institutions in place through case studies. The Vidhan Sabha complex is in the centre of the Naya Raipur city which has the capability to lead the future developments in and around the state. The learnings and inferences from the research and the studies resulted in some design directives and concept development. The design conceptually responds to the geographical division of Chhattisgarh, it’s culture and tribes and to the democratic nature of the institution. It is an open plan type design with segregated components keeping in mind the humanized scale of the overall built environment. The key drivers are the public participation and de-institutional character. The sectional interpretation highlights the democratic character of Vidhan Sabha.

Public holds the centre stage in this design.

PART

A

INVESTIGATION

INTRODUCTION With the formation of the Chhattisgarh, the state demanded for a new capitol which could reflect the rich tribal culture, flora and fauna of the state. The state of Chhattisgarh has always been very vibrant in terms of it’s tribal culture, forests and rich mineral ores. To cherish it’s true identity and to project itself as self sufficient entity, Chhattisgarh was formed on 1st November, 2000.

Assembly Buildings in India

The assembly buildings in India are mostly following the western idea of depicting democratic institution.

India happens to be world’s largest democracy but the incorporation of its true regional essence in its architecture is still questionable. Although efforts have been made post Independence to create the Indian architectural expression of democratic institution but so far, the representation of the region is still missing.

What would be the Indian or more precisely Chhattisgarhian language of architecture of democratic institution? How can it respond to the rich culture and traditions of the state in a modernist way?

PROJECT BACKGROUND

1

PROPOSITION

PROJECT

The thesis re-imagines the architecture of an assembly building in terms of its democratic behavior. It also intends to explore upon the principles of critical regionalism along with establishing the democratic institutions as an Icon for the state of Chhattisgarh in a modernist way in keeping mind the existing models in place.

To manifest the proposition the project re-imagines the design of the Chhattisgarh Vidhan Sabha complex which happens to be the part of capitol complex of Nava Raipur where already two blocks namely- Indravati (Directorate) and Mahanadi (Secretariat) are in place. The Vidhan Sabha block is also part of the existing capitol complex.

OPPORTUNITY The project intends to create an institution of democracy which would reflect Chhattisgarh’s true identity. Chhattisgarh state since it’s separation has been suffering from this term called Backward state.

This thesis tries to break this image of the state. The existing planning and development of Naya Raipur adds to the intent of the project.

PROPOSITION

Various designs have been proposed for the project of Vidhan Sabha having an increased capacity in keeping mind the future expansion of the constituencies the state. The current proposal for vidhan sabha is proposed for 150 MLA seats.

The major focus in the new design for the assembly building is on the reflection of the state’s true identity with an modernist approach. This project would also govern the idea of development in the upcoming projects of Naya Raipur.

2

NAYA RAIPUR 4TH PLANNED CITY OF INDIA The Naya Raipur is spread in around 250 sq.km of area located around 17 km towards the south-east of the old Raipur city. It is developed as a 4th planned city of India after Chandigarh, Bhuvaneshwar and Gandhinagar.

Through the model of Naya Raipur as its capitol city, the state has an opportunity to establish itself as a an effective model of development in a modern setting along with glorifying its rich heritage and culture.

INDIA

CHHATTISGARH

NAYA RAIPUR

CAPITOL COMPLEX

LOCATION

3

AMENITIES BLOCK

UTILITY BLOCK

SITE

MAHANADI BHAWAN

INDRAVATI BHAWAN

Development Controls ZONE:

III

LAND USE:

PUBLIC AND SEMI PUBLIC

SITE AREA:

2,10,436 sq.m.

MAX GROUND COVERAGE:

25%

MAX F.A.R.:

1.00

MAX HEIGHT:

38m

SETBACKS:

15m (Front), 9m (Rear), 9m & 9m

Land- Use

Site has a dedicated land-use of Public Semipublic infrastructure which is surrounded by residential land use from either sides.

Zonal Distribution

Site lies in the zone-III of Naya Raipur which lies in the center of the city surrounded with wide road network from all sides.

SITE

SITE AND CONTEXT

4

ABOUT CHHATTISGARH

ABOUT REPRESENTATION

GEOGRAPHY & FORMATION

Chhattisgarh came from the words Chhattis and Garh meaning 36 forts. The area of Chhattisgarh (not the current political state) constituted of 36 forts which were the anchor points of the state. These could be seen as the strongholds of the area.

ARCHITECTURAL STUDY

ABOUT GOVERNENCE EMERGENCE AND THEORIES

The theory of Social Contract describes the relation between the state over the common public in a form of contract, to establish systematic and safe well being of every individual under the authority of the state.

The interaction of public with the parliament building seems not very participatory. The scale of the building is also very dominating.

Northern Region 18 Garhs The buildings sits on a hilly site and the public entry into the building is from the topmost side of the hill. It depicts that the building overlooks the

Mahanadi River

Shivnath River

Southern Region 18 Garhs

The building is very consolidated and is part of Mumbai’s high rise locality near the Nariman Point. The building is highly secured and isolated.

Junction of Shivnath and Mahanadi

This building could be seen as more democratic in nature. The interaction of the building with the public is such that the public can access the RESEARCH AREAS

5

VIDHAN BHAWAN Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

SCOTTISH PARLIAMENT Edinburgh, Scotland

The design responds towards critical regionalism.

Use of landscaping, water and courtyards creates a micro-climate.

Hugely spanned spaces provides a grand nature to the building but travel distance increases.

Also, this wide complex demands more security staff.

Publicness of building is one of the remarkable things.

The scale has been humanized at almost every component of the building.

It has too many unused corner spaces or negative spaces.

To create something as abstract modernist as this offers a huge criticism.

VIDHAN BHAVAN Mumbai, Maharashtra

WELSH PARLIAMENT Cardiff, Wales

The building is a democratic institution but unfortunately it doesn’t have any public function.

The functions being stacked vertically are highly dependable on the mechanical systems of movement.

The security load gets reduced by significant amount.

Public functions are well incorporated in the design.

The multipurpose spaces in the building makes it more informal and humanize the ambience.

Building demands for the high level of security.

Response to the regional material pallette using grey slate for flooring and walls.

CASE STUDIES

6

USER GROUPS

AREA DISTRIBUTION Distribution of total built up area of around 17,000 sq.m. constitutes of all the programmatic components distributed around the site. The pie chart shows the percentage wise distribution of all the components.

MLAs

VIPs

Includes members elected from individual legislative constituencies of the state along with their PA and other regular staff.

This includes the speaker, deputy speaker, chief minister, their guests and first class government officers and visitors to the VS.

Administration & Staff

Public Visitors

This is the regular user group responsible for the functioning of VS procedures and VS campus. They function in non session days too.

It includes the common public and journalists visiting the VS campus after issuing a pass or being invited by any member of VS.

PROGRAM COMPONENTS

7

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

User Groups

Major functions are formed with direct or mixed occupancy of these four user groups. Segregation of these with the effective design would reduce the security load.

FUNCTIONAL RELATIONSHIP

8

SITE AND SPANS

THE PUBLIC AXIS

VEHICULAR ACCESS

Huge Spans and Building Placement The existing buildings on the master plan of Capitol Complex are placed at very huge distances from each other. The scale of buildings gets diminished in huge land pieces.

Visibility from the Public End Certain element of building should incorporate a decent height which would make it’s presence and would attract public from the opposite end.

REGIONAL ESSENCE

The Big Idea behind the designing of the assembly building should reflect the regional identity. Critical regionalism should be reflected through the design.

Master Planning of Capitol Complex The Capitol Complex has a public pedestrian axis in the middle dividing the Secretariat and the Directorate blocks. The design should try to extend the axis and draw public to this iconic institution of democracy.

TRIBAL CULTURE

The tribal culture is the in the nerves of Chhattisgarh and the assembly building should in a way bring that essence into the design.

DESIGN DETERMINANTS

9

Connecting Edges Public edge would be utilized by the public visitors and administration people whereas the Private edge would be used by MLAs and VIPs. The design should connect the edges creating a loop for the internal circulation.

POWER AND PUBLIC

The learnings from sectional study of several democratic institutions should reflect in the design. Section should reflect the democratic relation between public and power.

SHAPE OF CHHATTISGARH

Distribution of 36 Garhs The geographical arrangement of these 36 Garhs was such that they were divided by the river Shivnath and Mahanadi into 3 halves containing 18 Garhs each.

Mathematical Interpretation of Chhattisgarh The word Chhattisgarh came from junction of two words: Chhattis and Garh. The word Chhattis means the no. 36 which happens to be a mathematical square of no. 6.

36 Garh (6 x 6) Garh Representation of Garh: Triangle A garh is represented by a Triangle because a triangle is the smallest stable 2D shape.

18 Garhs Mahanadi River

Cluster of 6 Garhs: Hexagon The 6 Garhs (Triangles) when arranged geometrically, form a Hexagon.

A Garh

6 x (6 Garh)

Shivnath River

18 Garhs

Chhattisgarh: 6 Clusters of Hexagon The interpretation of the overall form of chhattisgarh then becomes combination of 6 Hexagons which inturn have 36 Triangles (Garhs) in total.

Interpretation in Design Based on the geographical understanding of Chhattisgarh, the shape of Chhattisgarh derived as a concept also modified. Introduction of water body represents the division of 18 Triangles in each half.

The Final Shape Deriving from above interpretations and arrangements, the shape which could geometrically symbolize Chhattisgarh is developed.

18 Garhs

36 Garh Mahanadi River

Shivnath River

18 Garhs

DESIGN CONCEPTS

10

The Final Conceptual Shape

INTERACTION OF POWER AND PUBLIC

Here the relation is less democratic and the power is more secretive in nature. The citizen’s participation with the built is minimum.

Here the relation is too much democratic and the public is all over the power. The state’s identity and image is not justified.

To create a balanced situation where the public and power participate in a truely democratic way and state’s identity is also justified.

DESIGN CONCEPTS

11

ZONING

TREE AS A SYMBOL

Interpretation from Tribal Culture & Forests The tribal culture being at the heart of Chhattisgarh is very close to the trees both physically and culturally. So, this symbol of their belief reflects as an element of design in the Vidhan Sabha complex.

Idea Behind Zoning The basic segregation of functions is based on the access of different user groups to the Assembly. Lower end being the public end has library and auditorium attached to it. The upper end being the private end has all the offices and meeting halls. Assembly holds the center stage.

MASSING AND PLACEMENT

Volumetric Zoning Based on the Program Analysis, the assembly hall holds the main attention in the design and hence this also gets reflected in the volumetric zoning of the components. The Assembly block at the center is volumetrically dominant over the other blocks.

Breaking the Built mass

DESIGN CONCEPTS

12

Settlement Formation

PART

B

DESIGN TRANSLATION

LEGEND 1. Site 2. Solar Power Plant 3. Utility Block 4. Security Barrack 5. Secretariat Block 6. Water Body-I 7. Public Entry to Capitol Complex 8. Water Body- II (Boating) 9. HOD Block 10. Mantralaya Bus Terminus 11. Amenities Block 12. Welfare Centre 13. Kuhera Village

6 4

NR-

6

3 5 2

7

8 9 1

10

NR-

6

13

12 11

NR-

4

CONTEXT PLAN

14

LEGEND 1. Public and Staff Entry 2. Pedestrian Axis leading to Vidhan Sabha 3. Public Parking 4. Staff Parking 5. Minister’s Parking 6. Minister’s and VIP Entry

4 3

1

6

2 6

1

3 5

0

20m

SITE PLAN

15

Public & Staff Entry Service Drop Off (B-1)

Public & Staff Entry

Public Visitors Drop Off

Minister’s & VIP Entry

Staff Drop Off

Minister’s Drop Off (B-1)

Minister’s Drop Off Minister’s & VIP Entry

VIP Drop Off

PRIVATE EDGE

PUBLIC EDGE

Staff Drop Off

Minister’s Drop Off Legend (Vehicular Movement): Public Visitors Staff Speaker/CM/VIP Guests MLAs Service

0

20m

VEHICULAR MOVEMENT

16

Ground Floor Plan

LEGEND 1. Pedestrian Access to Vidhan Sabha 2. Public Court 3. Library 4. Conference Room 5. Public Entry to Assembly hall 6. Assembly Plenary Hall 7. Auditorium 8. Cafeteria 9. Medival Facility 10. VIP Entry to Assembly Hall 11. CM Chamber and Cabinet Hall 12. Meeting Halls 13. MLA Office Cluster 14. Admin Court 15. Office Block 16. Entry/ Exit to Basement 17. Service Entry/Exit to Basement

17

+ 1500 mm

16

17 15 15

14

4

3

15 13 13

5

12

6

13

2 13

1

10 8

7

13

11 13

9

16 0

20m

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

18

MLA OFFICE CLUSTER

ASSEMBLY HALL

VIDHAN SABHA VIEW POINT

MLA Office Cluster & Assembly Hall

Public Court & VS Viewing Point

+ 15,000 lvl + 3,150 lvl - 4,250 lvl

SECTION AA’

OFFICE BLOCK

ASSEMBLY HALL

AUDITORIUM B

Office Block and Inner Court

Assembly Hall A

A’

+ 15,000 lvl + 10,250 lvl

B’

+ 5,150 lvl - 4,250 lvl

SECTION BB’

0

20m

SITE SECTIONS

19

[A] Pedestrian Entry to Vidhan Sabha

First Floor Plan + 5500 mm

B

6 4

3

A

2 [B] View From Office Block towards Vidhan Sabha

1

5 LEGEND 1. Entry Point for Pedestrian Visitors 2. Assembly hall 3. Library 4. Record Section 5. Auditorium 6. Office Block

0

20m

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

20

[A] Perspective elevation from South East

LIBRARY

Library Block

PUBLIC COURT

AUDITORIUM

MEDICAL FACILITY

C

Auditorium & Medical Facility

A

+ 10,250 lvl

SECTION CC’

C’

0

20m

ELEVATION & SECTIONS

21

VIDHAN SABHA PLENARY HALL Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

+ 1500 mm

+ 5500 mm Minister’s Entry

10

10 3

10 3 2

10

Public Entry

5

1

4

2

3

9 8

7

2

5 4

5

12 11

8

7

1

6

10

9

5

6

2

4

12

VIP Entry

Legend 1. Assembly Hall 2. VIP Guests/Govt. Officials 3. AV Control Room 4. Speaker’s Lounge 5. Committee Room 6. Speaker’s Chamber

7. Speaker’s PA Room 8. Speaker’s rest Room 9. Meeting Room 10. Minister’s Lounge 11. Public Lounge 12. VIP Lounge

Legend 1. Assembly Hall 7. Deputy Speaker’s PA Room 2. VIP Guests/Governer’s Gallery 8. Deputy Speaker’s rest Room 3. Public Gallery 9. Meeting Room 4. Press/Journalist’s Gallery 5. Committee Room 6. Deputy Speaker’s Chamber 0

10m

BUILDING DETAILS

23

VIDHAN SABHA PLENARY HALL

Plenary Hall The central debating hall has seating capacity of 200 MLAs with the U shaped seating arragement

Galleries Around the central hall area the Galleries on the first floor overlloking the parliamentary proceedings.

Lounges Surrounding the Central hall, a ring shaped lobby contains the Lounges for Ministers, VIPs and

Isometric Exploded illustration of Vidhan Sabha Plenary Hall

LIBRARY AND CONFERENCE HALL Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

+ 1500 mm

+ 5500 mm 11

6

6

6

12

6

6

4

4

7

6

1 10

4

9 2

6

1

5

1

Media Entry

4

1

14

3

Public Entry

Legend 1. Waiting Lounge 2. Reception 3. Reading Area 4. Book Stacks 5. Chief Librarian 6. Library Staff/ Admin 7. Photocopy Room

5

1

Minister’s Entry

4

6

8

4

3

13

2

8. Media Conference Hall 9. Press Wing 10. IT Branch 11. Post Office 12. Air/Rail Booking Office 13. Store Room 14. Security Staff Room

Legend 1. Book Stacks 2. Computer Lab 3. AV Room 4. Manusripts 5. Parliamentry Record Section

0

10m

BUILDING DETAILS

26

AUDITORIUM, CAFE & MEDICAL FACILITY Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

+ 1500 mm

+ 5500 mm

Auditorium Entry

Cafe Entry

1 2 8

3

1

7 7 4

9

2

6 5

5

3

11 10 12 13

10 15

Legend 1. Entrance Foyer 2. Projection Room 3. Auditorium Seating 4. Stage 5. Green Room 6. VIP Dressing Room 7. Store Rooms 8. Cafeteria

14

9. Kitchen & Counter 10. Reception Desk 11. Ayurvedic Clinic 12. Homeopathic Clinic 13. Allopathic Clinic 14. Emergency Ward (6 bed) 15. Dispensary

Legend 1. Gallery Seatings 2. Stage 3. Stage upper lobby

0

10m

BUILDING DETAILS

28

OFFICE BLOCK & ADMINISTRATION Ground Floor Plan

First Floor Plan

+ 1500 mm

+ 5500 mm

Staff Entry 4

4 5

5 6

3

6 3

Staff Entry

2

2

1

1 7

7

8

General Entry

Legend 1. Member’s Pention Section 2. Employees Branch 3. Enquiry Reference Branch 4. Legislative Branch 5. Establishment branch

8

9

6. Petition Department 7. PR Offfice 8. Reporteer’s Section 9. Police Room

9

Legend 1. Record Room 2. Questions Branch 3. Answers Branch 4. Accounts Section 5. Budget Section

6. Tresury and Cash Section 7. VS Staff 8. Locker Room 9. Telephone Exchange

0

10m

BUILDING DETAILS

30

MLA OFFICE CLUSTER AND CM CHAMBER MLA Cluster Ground Floor Plan + 1500 mm

CM Chamber Ground Floor Plan Staff Entry 1

1

+ 1500 mm

Minister’s Entry

1

1 6

4

1

5 1

2

2 3

1

2

4 2

1

3 2

3

1

2 1

1

4 1

1

1 1

VIP Entry

Minister’s Entry

Legend 1. Chief Minister’s Chamber 2. Chief Minister’s PA Room 3. Chief Minister’s Rest Room 4. Meeting Room 5. Cabinet Meeting Hall 6. Preparation Room

Legend 1. MLA Chamber 2. Committee Room (Large) 3. Committee Room (Small) 4. Toilet 0

10m

BUILDING DETAILS

32

PART

C

TECHNOLOGY

STEEL TREE STRUCTURE

The central steel tree structure depicts the rich forest cover of Chhattisgarh and also the vibrant tribal culture of the state. The main structure for the tree form would be steel taking a shape of Sal tree (abundant in Chhattisgarh).

STRUCTURE

35

BUILDING SERVICES

Water Demand Calculations

Service Entry

Landscape Water Requirement Calculations

Water Supply Tank Capacity

Landscape/grass/lawn water requirements for unit sq.m. :

5L per day

Overhead Tank

Estimated Green Area:

9,963,912 sq.m.

Water Required:

9,963,912x5 = 49,819,560 L per day = 49,819 Kl per day

Area of Reservoirs/water bodies:

3,500 sq.m.

Water capacity of Reservoirs/water bodies (taking depth as 500mm): 1.750 Kl

1 3

2

13

16

8

Building Power Requirement

18 12

14

Total Built-up Area:

17

9 10

LEGEND 1. Rainwater Tank 2. Security Room 3. Garbage Collection 4. Building Management Services 5. Pump Room 6. LV HV Room 7. Storage 8. Fire Control Room 9. Equipment Store

Overhead Tank Size:

34.5 cum.

Underground tank Percentage of total water load per day : Storage Capacity:

67% 104,695x0.67 = 70,145L

Underground Tank Size:

70.2 cum.

Power Demand Calculations 11

7

33% 104,695x0.33 = 34,550L

5

6 4

Percentage of total water load per day : Storage Capacity:

15

10. Building Maintenance Services 11. HVAC Room 12. Electrical Substation 13. Ministe’s Lounge 14. VIP Lounge 15. DG Set 16. Ruling Party Office 17. Opposition Party Office 18. Committee Rooms

17,000 sq.m. = 182,986 sq.ft.

Area of building with assembly hall:

10,010 sq.ft.

For and Air conditioned assembly building the power requirements are: 15 W/sq.ft.

Power requirement for rest of the buildings in Vidhan Sabha complex: 7.5 W/sq.ft.

Total power requirement for assembly building:

Area of rest of the buildings: 15x182,986 W = 2,744.8 kW

Power Load for building with Assembly Hall:

Minister’s Entry

Power requirement for building with assembly hall: 15W/sq.ft.

111,783 sq.ft.

15x10,010 W = 150.2 kW

Power Load for rest of the Buildings in Vidhan Sabha complex:

7x111,783 W= 782.5 kW

Total Power Load for Vidhan Sabha (in case of power cut-off):

932.7 kW

Assuming power factor as lagging:

0.8

Generator Capacity (backup required):

932.7 /0.8 kVA = 1,165.9 kVA

SERVICES

37

PASSIVE STRATEGIES

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

Photovoltaic panels which are often known as solar panels consists of photovoltaic cells arranged in a manner to form a panel structure with certain amount of capacity of electricity generation. These smaller modules use solar rays to generate power through photovoltaic effect.

Building integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system functions on integrating these PV panels into the building components such as roof or facade which also results in saving cost for building materials for envelope.

MOISTURE SENSOR SYSTEM

Soil moisture sensors estimate the volumetric water content in the active root zone. The Irrigation controllers only switch on when the moisture level gets below the mandatory level for any specific plant species.

By regulating the existing irrigation system as per the moisture content in the soil, the water can be saved by a huge amount if installed properly.

SUSTAINABILITY

38

THESIS RESPONSE The thesis revolves around two major issues and consequently tries to propose a solution to them through a proposed design.

The issue: Looking at the current political scenario in our country, we find that the democratic identity becomes questionable more often. Although the process is ever changing and we as a system adapt to those changes. One way in which Architecture contributes to this process is through expression of these democratic institutions and its impression on the decision makers. The western or more institutional influence on democratic institutions in our country is still visible.

The grand Architecture of such places make them more of a ‘Castle’ which gives a sense of power to the rulers which apparently starts diminishing the connection with the public. States like Chhattisgarh have a huge percentage of its citizens from rural areas. Despite the state’s developing image in modern terms which is more economically driven, the state suffers from the issues like Naxalism and Maoism in it’s far untouched areas. Chhattisgarh has got great resources, flora and fauna but still somehow its representation in the outer world lacks the true identity. This raises a question regarding the communication gap between the representatives and citizens even after 21 years and 5 legislative terms since the formation of state.

How this thesis engaged with these issues: This thesis on Vidhan Sabha of Chhattisgarh after questioning the above issues, proposes a design which celebrates the state’s identity through reflection of its culture and geography in its Architecture while keeping it as grounded as possible. The humanized scale and open type planning breaks the castle and brings out the pure colours of democracy. It’s more De-institutional character brings out the regional essence of the state. The site is located in the centre of Naya Raipur which is planned on the foundation of that vision which could project the state’s developing image in front of everyone. Through its planning and design, Vidhan Sabha brings out the public into the design and attempts to make it more participatory.

Conclusion: The change is everlasting. Our democracy is changing and so is the relationship between power and public.

Hence is changing the Architecture of these institutions of power. We as an architect are the ‘Agents of Change’ where we respond to the political setting and to the need of time with a vision to create spaces which could add to this change positively.