Horizons Client Magazine Issue 5

Your magazine from Radiant Financial Group - for your brighter future

Spring Statement 2025

Are your capital gains causing you a financial headache?

Navigating mortgages over the age of 50

Trust in your future

Is now the right time to remortgage?

Understanding retirement decisions

A letter from the editor

So, the latest five years of my career in financial services has been constantly impacted by market adjustments: COVID, Ukraine, Truss, Starmer and Reeves and now Trump. I have been in the profession for 44 years (the photo is overly kind) and have never experienced such a short period with such extreme financial turbulence before!

Given the Trump administration’s track record of implementing, then modifying or rescinding tariffs, it is difficult to predict the long-term implications at this time. In the short term, market volatility will (no doubt) increase.

But experience proves to us that

markets recover, and the latest “financial crisis” is just that and no more. The FTSE All Share index has dipped by 8.6% in the last week alone, but if we look back, it has grown by 31% over the last five years even encompassing the latest dip.

So, the guidance remains to fully diversify your portfolio, maintain it in line with your risk tolerance, stay invested, and don’t panic—these are some of the core investing principles that we always come back to in turbulent times. Whilst this approach has served long-term investors well, it’s also human nature to question it when markets decline. Although the exact reasons

Simon Cogman-Hellier Editor

for market downturns are always different, the core principles of sound advice remain the same for any market environment, including today.

So if you can, relax and enjoy our latest client magazine with its usual mix of financial and lifestyle content. This quarter’s issue also has a special feature including the detail of Rachel Reeves’ Spring Statement, which I think for many of us passed largely unnoticed.

As the sun continues to shine, and Spring has definitely sprung, I remain hopeful for a swift market recovery and a long hot summer!

Radiant Financial Planning, part of the Radiant Financial group is a specialist provider of financial advice, tax planning, employee benefits and business consultancy services.

Our clients include large and small businesses, entrepreneurs, owner-managers, senior executives and individuals.

Our approach extends beyond traditional financial advice. Our team of experienced planners and consultants will help you to make life changing decisions, empowering you to take control of your financial future, both personally and in your business.

Are your capital gains causing you a financial headache?

Navigating mortgages over the age of 50

Inspiring moments

Spring Statement 2025 at a glance

Are your capital gains causing you a financial headache?

Without a clear strategy, you might end up paying more tax than necessary

Navigating Capital Gains Tax (CGT) can be complicated and daunting, especially with ongoing changes to exemptions, thresholds and regulations. Understanding the details of CGT is vital, as it directly affects how much tax you owe when disposing of investments such as property, shares or other valuable assets. Without a clear strategy, you might end up paying more than necessary, leaving less of your hard-earned money in your pocket.

However, with careful planning, informed financial decisions and an awareness of the available reliefs, you could significantly

reduce a CGT liability. Not only does this ensure compliance with tax laws, but it also helps you optimise your long-term financial goals. This article explores practical, actionable strategies to help you lower your CGT liability while safeguarding your wealth.

Understand your annual CGT allowance

Every taxpayer is entitled to an annual CGT exemption, permitting tax-free gains of up to £3,000 for the 2025/26 tax year. This allowance resets each tax year and cannot be carried forward, making it essential to utilise it fully to avoid greater liabilities in the future.

Cuts to the CGT allowance mean that managing this exemption carefully is more crucial than ever. Without proper planning, you could encounter unnecessary tax bills, highlighting the need to optimise your investments according to current limits.

Utilise losses to counterbalance gains

One straightforward strategy for reducing CGT is to offset gains with losses. Gains and losses arising in the same tax year can be offset against each other, reducing the overall amount subject to CGT.

Losses from previous years can also be carried forward and set off against new gains, provided they were reported to HM Revenue & Customs within four years of the tax year in which the asset was sold. By wisely utilising this strategy, you can optimise your tax payments over time.

Maximise

exemptions through spousal transfers

Transfers of assets between spouses or registered civil partners are exempt from CGT. By taking advantage of this exemption, couples can effectively double their CGT allowance, enabling each partner to claim their individual limit and thereby

reduce taxable gains.

The transfer must be a genuine gift and not conditional. By strategically managing asset ownership, couples can make smarter financial decisions to minimise CGT burdens.

Take advantage of ISA allowances

Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) are another powerful tool in reducing CGT. Any investments held within an ISA are entirely exempt from CGT. For the 2024/25 tax year, you can invest up to £20,000 in an ISA, or £40,000 for couples using two allowances.

Another helpful approach is the ‘bed and ISA’ strategy. This involves selling an investment to realise a capital gain and then buying it back within an ISA. While this renders future gains CGT-free, it is crucial to consider potential stamp duty costs and the risks associated with being out of the market, even for a short period.

Boost your Income Tax bands with pension contributions

Pension contributions can not only prepare you for retirement but also help reduce CGT. Contributions effectively extend your basic rate Income Tax band, meaning gains may be taxed at 18% rather than 24%.

For instance, a gross pension contribution of £10,000 would raise the higher rate tax threshold from £50,270 to £60,270 for the 2024/25 tax year. If your capital gains and taxable income fall within this extended basic rate band, the potential savings could be considerable.

Consider donating to charity

Giving land, qualifying shares or property to a registered charity can offer the dual benefits of Income Tax relief and CGT exemption. This strategy reduces your tax burden while allowing you to contribute to good causes.

Whether you are seeking relief or aligning with your personal values, a charitable donation can play a significant role in your CGT strategy for achieving higherimpact results.

Explore Enterprise Investment Schemes (EIS)

Enterprise Investment Schemes (EIS) provide opportunities for CGT relief, as gains on qualifying investments held for three or more years are exempt from CGT. Additionally, you can defer an existing capital gain by investing it in an EIS within the qualifying timeframes.

However, EIS investments carry higher risks than traditional avenues and can be harder to sell.

Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs) are another powerful tool in reducing CGT. Any investments held within an ISA are entirely exempt from CGT

Professional advice is strongly recommended before considering such schemes.

Investigate ‘Gift Hold Over Relief’

Giving away specific business assets or selling them at a reduced value for the buyer’s benefit may qualify you for Gift Hold Over Relief. This defers the CGT liability, transferring it to the recipient who will only pay CGT when they eventually sell the asset.

Eligibility criteria are strict, and professional advice is a must to ensure compliance and effective planning.

Leverage exemptions for chattels and antiques

Some possessions, including antiques and collectibles, may be exempt from CGT under certain conditions. Non-productive assets, such as antique clocks, vintage cars or pleasure boats, are exempt, provided they were not eligible for business-use capital allowances.

For non-wasting chattels like paintings or jewellery, gains might also be exempt if the sale proceeds are under £6,000. Understanding these rules can assist you in managing gains on high-value items effectively.

Martin Rivers Financial Planner

Ready to secure your financial future by making informed and confident decisions?

As CGT is a highly complex subject, obtaining expert advice is crucial for managing your tax liabilities. We can guide you through the options available to you, ensuring you maximise relevant tax reliefs, allowances and exemptions tailored to your unique circumstances. This planning is an essential component of long-term financial health. If you would like assistance in managing your CGT liabilities or a clearer understanding of your options, please contact a financial adviser today.

Navigating mortgages over the age of 50

Preparation is key to improving your chances of success

Alternative solutions exist for those unable to secure a traditional mortgage. Lifetime mortgages, a form of equity release, allow you to take out a long-term loan secured against your property.

Age might be a number, as the old saying goes, but when it comes to securing a mortgage, it can play a critical role. If you’re aged 50 or older and are looking to secure a mortgage or remortgage into your retirement years, be prepared for potential hurdles. Many lenders impose strict age limits that could make it harder for you to secure the loan you need.

Upper age restrictions are a common feature of mortgage agreements. These limits often prevent new applicants over the age of 65 to 70 from taking out a loan, while repayment cut-offs usually fall between 70 and 85. Lending institutions such as banks and building societies are typically cautious about approving loans that extend beyond standard retirement ages, as they anticipate a drop in income during this phase of life. Why lenders are extra cautious

Even though many people plan to continue working well into their retirement years or have alternative sources of income through savings or investments, lenders often hesitate. For instance, if you’re 50 and planning to retire at 60, your options might be limited. Even if you secure a mortgage, lenders may require you to pay it off by 70, leading to a shorter mortgage term.

A reduced term often translates into steeper monthly repayments, which can place more pressure on your finances as you enter retirement. This can be particularly challenging if you’re on the verge of a fixed or potentially lower post-retirement income.

Exploring niche lenders

While mainstream banks may present challenges, smaller banks and building societies often adopt a more flexible approach.

Many of these lenders are willing to consider applications from borrowers over the age of 75, assessing them on a case-by-case basis. This personalised approach can open up opportunities that may otherwise seem out of reach.

Another alternative option for older borrowers is a retirement interest-only mortgage. Specifically designed for those who struggle to meet the typical age-related criteria of conventional loans, this type of financing may prove a practical alternative.

Importance of forward planning

If you’re over 50 and considering a mortgage, preparation is key to improving your chances of success. Start by developing a clear repayment plan. Understanding your budget, monthly outgoings, and how you’ll manage payments is essential. This demonstrates to lenders that you’re financially prepared and capable of handling the commitment.

Your credit score also plays a pivotal role. By checking your credit report and making efforts to improve your score in advance of your application, you’ll position yourself as a more attractive candidate to lenders.

Proving your income and financial stability

Lenders will need assurance that you have the income to cover payments, even after you retire. Be prepared to provide bank statements, pension payment records, or proof of any income you’ll receive. Your regular expenditure will also be scrutinised to calculate how much you can afford to borrow.

If retirement is on the horizon, lenders may request income forecasts to verify financial stability. Those further away from retirement may only need

to demonstrate that they are actively contributing to a pension scheme. It’s also vital to gather records of all past pension schemes from previous employers to ensure no potential income sources are overlooked.

Moving home? Prepare to reapply

If you’re planning to move house and port your existing mortgage, you will need to go through the application process again. This means your lender will reassess your financial circumstances as if you were applying for the loan for the first time. Even if your financial situation hasn’t changed, stricter criteria or revised age caps could lead to rejection.

Additionally, if porting isn’t approved, you may face early repayment charges. However, rejection from one lender doesn’t mean you are out of options. Some specialist and mainstream lenders offer mortgage solutions specifically designed for over-50s borrowers.

Alternative options for over-50s borrowers

Alternative solutions exist for those unable to secure a traditional mortgage. Lifetime mortgages, a form of equity release, allows you to take out a long-term loan secured against your property. While you pay off the loan and interest when your home is sold, these loans tend to have higher interest rates than conventional mortgages.

Another viable choice may be a retirement interest-only mortgage. This option requires borrowers to pay only the interest on their loan, which can make repayments more affordable. Additionally, the affordability tests on this type of mortgage are less stringent, as you only need to demonstrate your ability to cover interest payments.

Alan Holmes Head of Mortgages

Looking for a mortgage in later life?

Securing a mortgage in later life can feel daunting, but with the right guidance and preparation, finding a solution that works for your financial circumstances could be possible. If you’re considering a mortgage or remortgage and need further advice, our experts are here to help you every step of the way.

Inspiring moments Wisdom from sporting legends

Sporting icons not only captivate us with their exceptional skills but also inspire millions with their words of wisdom. Their journeys are marked by relentless dedication, resilience, and a quest for greatness. This article highlights motivational quotes from some of the world’s top sportspeople, offering insights into their success and the mindset that propelled them to the pinnacle of their fields.

“You can’t put a limit on anything. The more you dream, the farther you get.” –Mo Farah

Mo Farah, a long-distance running legend, is celebrated for his extraordinary achievements on the track. With double Olympic gold medals in 5,000 and 10,000 metres, Farah’s success is a testament to his relentless pursuit of greatness. His quote encapsulates the power of dreams and the limitless potential that comes with ambition.

Farah’s legacy goes beyond medals; his determination and spirit have inspired countless individuals to chase their dreams, no matter how challenging the journey. His story is one of perseverance and the ability to push boundaries.

“Success is born out of arrogance, but greatness comes from humility.” –Chris Hoy

Sir Chris Hoy, a former track cyclist with six Olympic gold medals, is one of Britain’s most decorated Olympians. Known for his powerful performances and strategic acumen, Hoy’s quote highlights the balance between confidence and humility, essential traits for achieving sustained

success.

Hoy’s career exemplifies the importance of hard work, discipline, and the willingness to learn and grow. His achievements have inspired a generation of cyclists and athletes, demonstrating that true greatness is more than winning.

The determination of Jessica Ennis-Hill

Jessica Ennis-Hill, a heptathlon champion, embodies resilience and versatility. Her Olympic gold medal in 2012 and her ability to compete at the highest level after a significant injury showcases her tenacity. Ennis-Hill once stated, “The only one who can tell you ‘you can’t win’ is you, and you don’t have to listen.”

Her words are a powerful reminder that self-belief is crucial in overcoming obstacles. Her success has paved the way for women in athletics, proving that with determination and selfconfidence, anything is possible.

“The more difficult the victory, the greater the happiness in winning.” –Lewis Hamilton

The record-breaking Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton has dominated the racing world with seven world championship titles. Known for his exceptional skill and focus, Hamilton’s quote reflects the joy of overcoming challenges and the satisfaction earned through hard-fought victories.

Hamilton’s career is a narrative of talent, hard work, and an unyielding quest for improvement. His achievements have not only set new standards in motorsport but have also inspired fans across the globe to strive for excellence in all endeavours.

“I’ve failed over and over and over again in

my life. And that is why I succeed.” –Michael Jordan

Michael Jordan, widely regarded as one of the greatest basketball players ever, achieved extraordinary success through his unwavering commitment and competitive spirit. With six NBA championships and five MVP awards, Jordan’s career is a chronicle of triumph over adversity. His quote reflects the pivotal role of failure as a stepping stone to success, highlighting the resilience required to reach the top.

Jordan’s impact transcends basketball; his legacy is one of determination, excellence, and the relentless pursuit of improvement. His story inspires athletes and non-athletes alike to embrace failures as opportunities for growth.

Unyielding

Determination:

Serena

Williams

Serena Williams, a dominant force in women’s tennis, has redefined the sport with her powerful play and mental fortitude. With 23 Grand Slam singles titles, she holds the record for the most Grand Slam wins in the Open Era. Williams’ journey is marked by her tenacity and ability to overcome challenges on and off the court.

Her motivational quote, “I really think a champion is defined not by their wins but by how they can recover when they fall,” encapsulates the essence of resilience. Williams’ career is a testament to hard work, focus, and the courage to rise after every setback.

“Success is no accident.” –

Pelé

Pelé, the Brazilian football legend, is celebrated as one of the greatest football players ever. With over 1,000 career goals and three FIFA World Cup victories, Pelé’s achievements result from talent, dedication, and hard work.

His quote reflects his belief in intentional and consistent effort as the foundation of success. Pelé’s influence extended beyond the pitch; he was an ambassador for the sport and a role model for millions, exemplifying the impact of passion and perseverance in achieving one’s dreams.

The Legacy of Roger Federer

Roger Federer, renowned for his elegance on the tennis court, has set records with his 20 Grand Slam titles. Federer’s career is characterised by his sportsmanship, strategic prowess, and adaptability. His approach to the game and life is captured in his words: “You have to believe in the long-term plan you have, but you need the short-term goals to motivate and inspire you.”

Federer’s success is built on a balance of vision and discipline, serving as a blueprint for aspiring athletes and individuals aiming for excellence.

Embrace the champion within

These motivational quotes from sporting legends offer profound lessons on resilience, determination, and the pursuit of excellence. Their stories inspire us to push beyond our limits and embrace challenges with courage and grace.

Spring statement 2025

Spring Statement 2025 at a glance

Chancellor Rachel Reeves said that the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) has downgraded growth projections for 2025 but has upgraded forecasts for every year thereafter for the remainder of this parliament. She told MPs: ‘There are no shortcuts to economic growth. It will require long-term decisions. It will demand hard work. It will take time for the reforms we are implementing to have an impact on the everyday economy.’

Our Guide to Spring Forecast Statement 2025 summarises the key points announced.

Economy

• The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) downgrades growth forecast from 2% to 1%.

• Growth estimates for the next four years upgraded: 1.9% next year, 1.8% in 2027, 1.7% in 2028 and 1.8% in 2029.

• Inflation forecast: 3.2% average this year (up from 2.6% previously forecast), 2.1% in 2026.

• 2% inflation target set to be achieved by 2027.

• Last year’s changes to England’s planning system to boost housebuilding by 170,000 over five years, adding 0.2% to the economy.

Spending

• Without action, the OBR announced the government would miss its 2030 target of the spending vs. taxes balance rule.

• Due to higher debt costs, Treasury announced £9.9bn headroom from October’s Budget wiped out.

• Public debt projected to fall as a share of the economy remains at a 51% likelihood.

Welfare

• Health-related universal credit for new claimants to be halved from April 2026 and frozen in cash terms until 2030.

• Universal credit standard allowance to rise to £106 per week by 2030 (down from £107 previously planned).

• Stricter eligibility tests for personal independence payments (PIPs) from November 2026.

• Incapacity benefits will be frozen at £97 per week for existing claimants from April 2024, with top-up payments for severe conditions remaining.

• No universal credit incapacity benefit claim top-ups for under22s.

Defence and Overseas Aid

• An additional £2.2 billion in funding will be allocated to the Ministry of Defence (MOD) in the coming year.

• Military expenditure to reach 2.36% of national income next year, aiming for 2.5% by 2027.

• Spending to be funded by reducing overseas aid from 0.5% to 0.3% of gross national income in 2027 and Treasury reserves.

Public Services

• Government departments to reduce administrative costs by 15% by 2030.

• Around 10,000 civil service jobs are to be cut, including roles in HR, policy advice, communications and office management.

Chris Lomas Financial Planning Director

Spring statement 2025: How will your finances and business be affected? If you want to explore how the recently announced measures might affect your finances or business, please contact us.

Chancellor says, ‘No shortcuts to economic growth; it will require long-term decisions.

Slower economic growth forecast for the UK

Chancellor reveals the updated projections during the Spring Statement

According to the government’s latest forecast, the UK economy is expected to grow more slowly this year than initially predicted. Revealing the updated projections during her Spring Statement, Chancellor Rachel Reeves highlighted that the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) anticipates a growth rate of just 1% in 2025. This marks a notable reduction from its October estimate of 2%.

‘I am not satisfied with these numbers,’ the Chancellor said, expressing her determination to address this setback. Growing the economy has been a central pillar of Reeves’ vision for the country’s future, and she remains committed to achieving that goal. Yet the economic outlook is not universally bleak, as the OBR has revised its growth expectations upwards for subsequent years. According to its estimates, the economy is set to expand by 1.9% in 2026, 1.8% in 2027 and 1.7% in 2028, before stabilising at 1.8% in 2029.

Government reforms and housing targets

The Chancellor said that the positive revisions for later years reflect the anticipated impact of government actions, including substantial planning reforms and ambitious housebuilding targets. These measures, first introduced when Labour assumed office in July, are expected to contribute an additional 0.2% to GDP by the end of the current parliament and 0.4% within the next decade.

Importantly, the OBR predicts that these reforms will push housebuilding to a 40-year high, with annual construction expected to reach 305,000 by the end of the forecast period. Reeves emphasised the significance of this

achievement, stating, ‘The OBR has concluded that our reforms will result in unprecedented levels of housebuilding, bringing us within reach of fulfilling our manifesto promise.’ The Labour Party has committed to delivering 1.5 million new homes in England by 2029/30, a pledge that now appears increasingly achievable.

Inflation and household incomes in focus

While economic growth has attracted significant attention, inflation and its effects on households remain critical issues. The OBR now expects inflation to reach 3.2% this year, higher than previously projected. However, it forecasts a gradual return to the Bank of England’s 2% target by 2027. Although this timeline offers some reassurance, challenges are expected in the interim.

On a brighter note, real household disposable income per person is projected to grow by an average of 0.5% annually. The Chancellor said that this improvement is partly due to stronger wage growth, a trend that has slightly exceeded earlier forecasts. Reeves emphasised the tangible benefits for families, noting that households would, on average, find themselves £500 better off annually under Labour’s economic oversight than the previous government.

Balancing fiscal rules and global risks

Managing public finances remains a delicate balancing act. In October last year, the OBR projected that Reeves would have £9.9 billion in day-to-day spending headroom by 2029/30. However, the Chancellor said that shifting global economic conditions have significantly altered that scenario. Rising government borrowing costs, for example, would have

eroded this headroom by £4.1 billion if left unaddressed.

To counteract these pressures, Reeves unveiled a series of measures to restore fiscal stability. ‘The adjustments we announced today, including changes to departmental spending and broad welfare reforms, have fully restored our financial headroom to £9.9 billion,’ the Chancellor said. This demonstrates a calculated approach to maintaining economic resilience while pursuing key policy goals.

Uncertain global outlook

Despite these efforts, the OBR has warned that the international landscape continues to present risks, some of which could undermine the UK’s fiscal position. The Chancellor announced that the agency recognised complications such as tariff disputes or geopolitical tensions could significantly impact economic growth. In a worstcase scenario, such factors could even ‘almost entirely eliminate the headroom against the fiscal mandate,’ Reeves cautioned. Nonetheless, the government remains committed to overcoming these challenges while fostering long-term economic recovery. For Chancellor Reeves, the priority is to fulfil promises that offer stability and opportunity for the nation while ensuring that the foundations for growth remain secure for future generations.

On a brighter note, real household disposable income per person is projected to grow by an average of 0.5% annually.

Building Britain’s future

The Chancellor’s plan for stability, security and growth

The Chancellor, Rachel Reeves, announced that the UK government has an ambitious vision to secure the nation’s future, anchored in its Plan for Change. She said that this comprehensive strategy aims to drive economic growth, strengthen the National Health Service (NHS) in the coming years and ensure national security. She also stated that this forward-thinking agenda was characterised by a significant reset in public spending during last autumn’s Budget. The government established a more sustainable fiscal pathway by addressing £22 billion in financial pressures for the year, most of which were recurring. Additionally, groundbreaking tax reforms were introduced to protect working households and enforce stable, robust fiscal rules. These measures have helped safeguard public finances while supporting vital investment in public services and economic growth.

Supporting incomes with a renewed focus on fairness

The Chancellor said last year’s announcement raising the National Minimum Wage provided longneeded pay increases to millions while freezing fuel duty to alleviate the cost-of-living burden on households. She said that these decisive actions have already begun to yield results, with the Bank of England reducing the Bank Rate three times since the beginning of the parliamentary term. By the end of 2024, she indicated that real wages were growing at their fastest pace in over three years, reflecting the tangible impact of these policies on the average working family.

The Chancellor commented that this progress underscores the effectiveness of the

policy direction; however, new challenges are reshaping the economic landscape. The global environment has become increasingly unpredictable, with geopolitical tensions in Europe posing a generational security challenge. Furthermore, economic uncertainty among Britain’s key trading partners has escalated, characterised by slowed growth and rising borrowing costs in advanced economies worldwide. Despite these adversities, according to the Chancellor, the UK remains resilient as an open trading economy, steadfast in the face of these global headwinds.

Thriving amidst a changing world

Even with the shifting global context, there are reasons for cautious optimism, the Chancellor said. She continued that forecasts now suggest Britain’s economy will grow faster than expected from 2026 onwards, outpacing

estimates made at last year’s Budget. Interestingly, swift and decisive action from the government since the autumn Budget has allowed the nation to meet its fiscal rules a full two years earlier than planned. For instance, the restored stability rule, coupled with a £15.1 billion buffer for the investment rule in its target year, demonstrates the government’s capacity to balance fiscal discipline with growthoriented policies.

Having laid this stable groundwork, the government is adopting even bolder measures to ensure the nation’s long-term security and prosperity. These steps include a commitment to improving public services, driving economic growth and prioritising national security. Central to this approach is safeguarding the financial futures of working individuals while strengthening the broader social fabric.

Spring statement 2025

A renewed pledge to national security

The Chancellor announced that one of the most striking commitments outlined in the Spring Statement is the government’s fully funded pledge to increase NATO-qualifying defence spending. By 2027, defence expenditure is projected to reach 2.5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). To accomplish this, an additional £2.2 billion will be allocated to the Ministry of Defence (MOD) next year alone. These measures, the Chancellor said, emphasise both the growing importance of global security partnerships and the UK’s unwavering dedication to playing a leading role within them. Efforts to reform the state are also pivotal in this strategy. The government aims to make public services more agile and productive while ensuring that welfare spending reaches those who need

it most. Alongside this, a focus on robust tax collection aims to ensure that owed taxes are paid in full, further supporting the public purse.

Driving growth through investment and innovation

The Chancellor said that investment remains a key component of the Plan for Change. Over the next five years, the government has committed £13 billion to capital infrastructure projects and launched a construction skills initiative to train up to 60,000 additional workers. To tackle the UK’s housing challenges, £2 billion will also be invested in social and affordable housing schemes.

The government’s planning reforms are predicted to have a profound impact. The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) has forecast that updates to the

The Chancellor announced that one of the most striking commitments outlined in the Spring Statement is the government’s fully funded pledge to increase NATO-qualifying defence spending.

National Planning and Policy Framework (NPPF) will result in the construction of 170,000 extra homes over the coming years. By 2029/30, this is expected to increase real GDP by 0.2%, injecting £6.8 billion into the economy. By 2034/35, GDP growth could exceed 0.4%. The Chancellor said these gains come at no direct fiscal cost, underscoring the reforms’ effectiveness.

Beyond housing: Transformational reforms for lasting growth

The benefits of these planning reforms extend well beyond housing. The projected economic boost is expected to decrease public borrowing by £3.4 billion by 2029/30, thereby helping to secure the nation’s financial health. These accomplishments arise from the government’s efforts to promote growth through supply-side enhancements such

as increased capital investment, regulatory updates and a newly proposed Planning and Infrastructure Bill.

The Chancellor announced that this ambitious set of policies demonstrates a government committed not only to navigating current challenges but also to building the UK’s long-term resilience. The Plan for Change represents a holistic approach, balancing immediate action with visionary goals to secure Britain’s future as a thriving, inclusive and globally competitive economy.

By combining fiscal responsibility, strategic investments and relentless reform, the Chancellor announced that the UK is poised to emerge stronger, providing tangible benefits to people while securing stability for decades to come. This approach is not merely policymaking for the present but a roadmap to a brighter future for everyone.

UK’s stability, prosperity and the safety of its citizens

Going further and faster on defence to safeguard the nation’s future

Chancellor Rachel Reeves said that national security is a fundamental duty of government. It forms the bedrock of the UK’s stability, prosperity and citizens’ safety. Reflecting this commitment, the government, as part of its Plan for Change, has established clear priorities to address evolving threats. The interconnected nature of global security, economic conditions and technological innovation drives vital adjustments in policy, particularly in defence spending.

Reeves remarked that maintaining and enhancing the nation’s defence capabilities is essential to address future challenges. With this goal in mind, significant progress is being made. The government intends to increase NATO-compatible defence spending to 2.5% of GDP by April 2027, aiming to eventually reach 3% in future parliamentary terms, as economic conditions permit. This strategy balances international security requirements with fiscal responsibility.

Strengthening the Ministry of Defence

An additional £2.2 billion in funding will be allocated to the Ministry of Defence (MOD) in the coming year. The Chancellor said that this funding would not only strengthen the country’s security but also promote economic growth. This is more than just numbers; its impact will extend to innovation, research and development, and a strong defence industrial strategy.

The upcoming Strategic Defence Review paves the way for a modernised and future-ready military. Concurrently, initiatives within the Defence Industrial Strategy are anticipated to strengthen industries vital to defence, generating jobs and reinforcing the UK’s status as a global leader in military technology.

Moving faster to reform public services

Economic constraints present unavoidable challenges, yet they also serve as a catalyst for boosting efficiencies and enhancing public services. The Chancellor announced that reforms are essential to ensuring taxpayer money is spent effectively while providing highquality services to the public. The government has taken significant steps to reshape its approach.

At its core, the Chancellor announced these efforts recognise the increasing pressure on vital services like the NHS. Encouragingly, NHS waiting lists have been steadily decreasing for five consecutive months. Furthermore, breakfast clubs in primary schools are prioritised to assist families. These are tangible results of a targeted approach to public welfare.

Cutting costs and driving

change

The Spring Statement highlights a £3.25 billion Transformation Fund designed to overhaul public services. This initiative seeks to seize opportunities presented by advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and digital innovation. Reeves said

this would not only improve service delivery but also yield long-term savings.

Meanwhile, the welfare system is being restructured to make it fairer and more sustainable. According to the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), reforms will save £4.8 billion by the end of the decade, ensuring welfare spending declines as a share of GDP. Actions such as bringing NHS England back within the remit of the Department of Health and Social Care are further examples of innovative cost-saving measures.

A mission to grow the economy

Economic growth remains at the heart of government ambitions.

The Chancellor said the focus is firmly on laying the groundwork to establish the UK as a global leader in innovation and prosperity. To achieve this, the government is prioritising stability, investment and reforms.

Last autumn, the government committed to an additional £100 billion in capital investments over the parliamentary term. Beyond investment figures, tangible results are being pursued. Plans for a modern industrial strategy aim to identify high-growth sectors, supported by the National Wealth Fund, while regulatory reforms are streamlining planning for major infrastructure projects.

Building homes and skilled workers

Key sectors like housing and construction are being targeted

for development. Reeves said the government has allocated an additional £2 billion for social and affordable housing by 2026/27, laying the foundation for an ambitious plan to build 1.5 million homes within this Parliament. To ensure the construction industry has the capacity to meet these goals, £625 million is being earmarked for skills development, with a target to produce 60,000 new skilled workers.

Opportunities within emerging fields, such as artificial intelligence, continue to be a priority. Through the AI Opportunities Action Plan, the government is outlining pathways to harness AI’s potential, aiming to revolutionise industries and boost economic impact.

Securing long-term aspirations

The Chancellor said achieving the highest sustained growth among G7 nations is a defining mission. This is not just about metrics; it translates into more people in good jobs, higher living standards and improved productivity throughout the nation. Looking ahead to the Spending Review in June and the forthcoming Budget in the autumn, the government’s commitment to its economic growth mission remains steadfast. It’s clear that the focus will remain on fostering stability, promoting intelligent investments and enacting reforms that deliver transformational change.

Spring statement 2025

The government has allocated an additional £2 billion for social and affordable housing by 2026/27, laying the foundation for an ambitious plan to build 1.5 million homes within this Parliament.

Supporting individuals in starting or maintaining employment

Enhancing opportunities, improving employment rates and raising living standards

Chancellor Rachel Reeves said the UK faces a pressing challenge with economic inactivity due to ill health. Currently, 2.8 million individuals are unable to engage with the workforce fully because of healthrelated issues. Tackling this issue is viewed as a crucial part of the government’s broader economic growth mission. However, the welfare system, in its present form, is proving to be more of a barrier than a stepping stone. It often encourages individuals to focus on what they cannot do, rather than empowering them to highlight their abilities and potential. Inadequate support for disabled individuals to secure meaningful jobs and enhance their skills only worsens the problem. Reeves announced that supporting individuals in starting or maintaining employment is not only a social imperative but also an economic one. This initiative aims to enhance opportunities, improve employment rates and raise living standards while ensuring fiscal sustainability. Alarmingly, one in ten workingage adults now claims incapacity or disability benefits, with spending on these benefits increasing by £20 billion since the pandemic. This marks a striking two-thirds rise in just a few years.

Pathways to reform

On 18 March, the government unveiled its ‘Pathways to Work’ Green Paper, a significant document that explores reforms to incapacity and disability benefits. The proposed measures aim to save £4.8 billion in welfare expenditure by 2029/30 while creating a welfare system that encourages work and sustains fiscal health. The Chancellor said that these changes would reform the system to address today’s challenges and future opportunities. Furthermore, the government has pledged to invest heavily in employment, health and skills support programmes, with funding projected to scale up to £1 billion annually by the end of the decade.

This investment aims to prevent individuals from entering prolonged economic inactivity. It will expand existing initiatives

such as WorkWell, Connect to Work and the Get Britain Working trailblazers. These programmes seek to provide targeted employment and health support to those receiving out-of-work benefits while facing health challenges. The Chancellor stated that these measures reflect a progressive approach to social support, balancing empathy with efficiency.

Incentivising work through Universal Credit

One aspect of these reforms is the rebalancing of Universal Credit payment levels. Over the last decade, changes in benefits have widened the gap between incapacity benefits and other forms of assistance, inadvertently leading to an increase in claims. To address this issue, the government will enhance the Universal Credit standard allowance for both new and existing claimants above inflation starting in 2026/27. For instance, the weekly rate for a single adult aged 25 or older will rise from £92 in 2025/26 to £106 by 2029/30.

At the same time, changes will be made to the Universal Credit health element. For existing claimants, this element will remain unchanged until 2029/30. For new claims, it will be reduced to £50 per week starting in 2026/27 and will also be frozen until 2029/30. The Chancellor said that this recalibration aims to foster a more work-focused welfare system while protecting those who are truly unable to work.

Protecting the most vulnerable

Reforms also involve a commitment to safeguarding the incomes of individuals with the most severe lifelong conditions. An additional premium within Universal Credit will be introduced to provide targeted support to these individuals. The Chancellor said this acknowledges the unique challenges faced by those with significant disabilities and aims to ensure that their quality of life is maintained.

To address the gap between current welfare assessments

and changing societal needs, the government will conduct a review of the Personal Independence Payment (PIP) assessment. Policy experts, stakeholders and the disabled community will be invited to participate in this review. Changes to PIP entitlements are forecast to affect 370,000 current recipients and 430,000 people who would have been entitled to claim it in the next five years. They will lose an average of £4,500 a year. The analysis shows that 3.8 million families—some current claimants and some future recipients— will gain from the changes, with their benefits lifted by an average of £420 in real terms.

Reeves said these estimates did not include the impact of the £1 billion a year, by 2029/30, of funding for measures to help people back into work, which it expects to offset some of the poverty impacts. She said this demonstrates a commitment to inclusivity, aiming to ensure that the system remains relevant and responsive as health conditions and societal expectations change.

Restoring trust and fairness

While reforming benefits to make them more work-friendly, the government is also taking steps to restore confidence in the welfare system. Measures include restarting Work Capability Assessment reassessments for groups whose circumstances may have changed and increasing the capacity for PIP award reviews. This approach is intended to ensure that everyone receives the appropriate level of support, neither less nor more than they require.

Additionally, steps are being taken to combat fraud and errors in the system. Preventative checks in Universal Credit claims will be enhanced, and over 500 staff will be recruited to focus on detecting and preventing fraud. The Chancellor said this investment would save an estimated £240 million by 2029/30, ensuring that taxpayer money is used efficiently and fairly.

Spring statement 2025

A forward-looking welfare system

At the core of these reforms lies a vision of a welfare system that is both compassionate and sustainable. The Chancellor said that it is essential for benefits to act as a safety net for those in need while also promoting self-reliance and opportunity whenever possible. Through strategic investment, systemic recalibration and an emphasis on fairness, these reforms aim to uplift individuals and communities, bringing society closer to an inclusive and prosperous future.

These proposed changes present a balanced approach to address the deficiencies of the current welfare system. Yet, their success will depend on careful implementation, ongoing monitoring and a clear commitment to both fiscal responsibility and the wellbeing of recipients. By viewing work not just as an economic activity but as a vital aspect of social inclusion, the government hopes to empower millions while creating a stronger, more resilient economy.

The government will enhance the Universal Credit standard allowance for both new and existing claimants above inflation

starting in 2026/27

Building a secure economy for future growth

Significant steps taken to address a stagnating economy

Chancellor Rachel Reeves announced that achieving growth rooted in resilience and stability has become a central focus for the government. At the Budget last autumn, significant steps were taken to address a stagnating economy, she said. This involved a fundamental overhaul of the fiscal framework, introducing rules to maintain sustainable public finances while enhancing investment in infrastructure. The aim was clear – laying the groundwork for longterm growth.

While stability and investment are critical, they need to be paired with structural reforms that yield tangible results. Reeves said that these principles are at the core of recent changes.

For instance, in December, the government introduced ambitious reforms to the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF). These reforms aim to simplify the building process, igniting construction and development across the country. According to the OBR (Office for Budget Responsibility), these measures are projected to raise GDP levels by 0.2% by 2029/30 and by over 0.4% by 2034/35.

Steady growth amidst rising borrowing costs

Since last autumn, global borrowing costs have surged, impacting economies worldwide. In response, the government acted swiftly to ensure that its

fiscal rules, especially its stability rule, are fully maintained. Restoring economic headroom has been a crucial step in preserving financial stability, the Chancellor announced. Boosting growth also strengthens public finances, as policies enhance growth without fiscal consequences.

For example, the planning reforms introduced by the government are estimated to reduce borrowing needs by £3.4 billion by 2029/30. These efforts demonstrate a commitment to tackling environmental and economic uncertainty head-on, ensuring the country’s fiscal health remains in order. Reeves said that this mission to secure stability while driving growth is not only a financial necessity but also a platform for future prosperity.

Navigating a volatile global economy

Economic policy uncertainty on the global stage has escalated. Stability within the UK has never been more vital, as the country is deeply integrated into global markets. The impact of international developments is visible through multiple channels. The Chancellor noted that fluctuating global oil prices have led to higher costs at the pump, while rising global gas and electricity prices continue to inflate consumer bills. These trends have influenced the OBR’s Consumer Prices Index (CPI) inflation forecast, which is now expected to peak at 3.8% by July 2025.

Similarly, rising government bond yields in advanced economies, including the UK, have increased debt servicing costs. This increase affects businesses and consumers, creating a more difficult environment for investment and spending. The Bank of England attributes much of the rise in UK gilt yields to global factors. These dynamics, combined with heightened market volatility, have diminished consumer sentiment and business confidence, dampening economic activity.

Overcoming economic challenges head-on

The UK’s challenges extend beyond global influences and

include structural issues that have persisted for years. For instance, annual productivity growth, which averaged 2.1% before the 2008 financial crisis, stalled to just 0.6% between 2010 and 2019 and has barely moved since. These challenges are compounded by a high inactivity rate, particularly among those who are out of work due to longterm illness, which now affects 2.8 million people.

Trade intensity has also declined since 2019. Recognising these hurdles, the government’s Plan for Change aims to address these deep-rooted issues while pursuing growth. The Chancellor emphasised that this initiative focuses on improving living standards throughout the UK,

tackling regional inequalities and ensuring fairness. By accelerating reforms and supporting the workforce, the government seeks to unlock potential and protect those who genuinely cannot work.

Prioritising economic ambition

Despite daunting global trends, the UK remains poised for resilient growth, the Chancellor said. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) recently revised its forecasts, predicting the UK will be the second-fastest growing economy within the G7 for 2023 and 2024. Staying competitive in a turbulent international landscape requires

both ambition and decisive policy action.

Reforms to fiscal principles, policy priorities and structural frameworks demonstrate the government’s vision. The task is complex; however, the Chancellor announced that delivering growth bolstered by resilience ensures the economy can withstand challenges and seize future opportunities. By concentrating on investment, innovation and inclusion, the government aims not only to recover but also to thrive, making this mission one that benefits everyone across the UK.

Strengthening the nation’s defences

Innovation, modernisation and collaboration at its core

National security stands as the foremost responsibility of any government. This is reflected in the UK’s Plan for Change, which underscores the necessity of a robust, modern defence strategy, Chancellor Rachel Reeves said. She said recent years have witnessed seismic shifts in global stability, marked by events such as Russia’s aggression in Ukraine, growing threats from hostile actors and the rapid evolution of technology.

Recognising this, the UK government has taken steps to address these challenges. Last year, the Prime Minister reaffirmed the nation’s support for Ukraine by committing £3 billion annually in military aid, aimed at deterring Russia’s unlawful invasion. Complementing this, the Chancellor announced an additional £2.26 billion in loans to Ukraine for acquiring essential military equipment. Notably, these loans will be financed through profits generated from immobilised Russian sovereign assets held within the EU.

A bold commitment to NATO

Reeves announced that the government’s commitment extends beyond support for allies. On 25 February 2025, the Prime Minister announced a significant increase in NATO-qualifying defence expenditure, aiming for 2.5% of GDP from April 2027, with a goal to reach 3% in the following years, depending on economic

conditions. To initiate this plan, the Chancellor announced a £2.2 billion increase to the Ministry of Defence (MOD) budget for the fiscal year 2025/26.

These investments will enable the armed forces to modernise, strengthening their resilience and adopting cutting-edge capabilities essential for staying ahead of evolving threats. The focus extends to replenishing depleted stockpiles and reinvigorating essential supplies, a strategy adapted to meet the demands of today’s security environment.

Cutting-edge defence enhancements

The funds allocated for 2025/26 will drive several advancements. Among these is the enhancement of joint NATO exercises, ensuring that the UK and its allies remain prepared to respond collectively to emerging global threats. The Chancellor said the government is also making bold moves to adopt advanced technologies such as Directed Energy Weapons, which promise to revolutionise defence capabilities.

Additionally, the MOD is capitalising on the reacquisition of Service Families housing stock to refurbish defence estates. This initiative strengthens military infrastructure and provides service families with the quality housing they deserve. According to the Chancellor, this represents the largest sustained increase in defence spending since the Cold War, a clear indication of the

government’s prioritisation of security.

Pioneering defence innovation

A driving force behind these investments is the integration of innovation within the defence sector. Later this year, the forthcoming Strategic Defence Review and Defence Industrial Strategy will outline the transformation of the UK’s defence industry into a growth engine. The Chancellor explained that this approach will ensure the sector can rapidly adopt new technologies and enhance military capabilities.

Central to this transformation is UK Defence Innovation (UKDI), a newly launched initiative that is funded with an initial budget of £400 million, which will increase in the following years. UKDI aims to simplify pathways for innovative companies, enabling them to scale and secure faster procurement. This streamlined process will facilitate the transition of groundbreaking technologies from concept to frontline deployment, ensuring the UK maintains a decisive edge in the face of global challenges.

Revolutionising acquisition

Another hallmark of the government’s defence strategy is a segmented procurement model designed to customise the acquisition process according to the type of capability, supplier and associated risks.

This approach establishes clear timeframes, including reducing the average contracting period for major platforms such as tanks and aircraft from six years to two.

Reeves has also emphasised the importance of investing in novel technologies, such as AIenabled systems and autonomous platforms. From next year, at least 10% of the Ministry of Defence’s equipment procurement budget will be allocated to these cutting-edge advancements. This strategy not only provides strategic military advantages but also promotes economic growth by bolstering the burgeoning UK defence technology sector.

Defence

spending and its broader impact

The impact of the government’s defence spending reaches well beyond military capability. This sector supports 434,000 jobs across the UK. According to the Chancellor, 68% of defence spending is distributed to regions outside London and the SouthEast, ensuring that the benefits strengthen economies across the UK, from Northern Ireland to the North-West.

One of the undertakings within this strategy is the modernisation and renewal of the UK’s nuclear deterrent. Considered some of the most complex engineering projects in the country’s history, this renewal drives considerable investment in research, development and skills across various regions.

Choosing economic stability

To facilitate the increase in defence expenditure, the government has reduced the Official Development Assistance (ODA) from 0.5% to 0.3% of Gross National Income (GNI) by 2027. The Chancellor explained that this shift reflects the changing nature of threats and ensures economic stability, a core aspect of the Plan for Change. However, there remains a commitment to return to 0.7% of GNI for ODA once fiscal conditions stabilise.

The government is boosting efforts to modernise international development, collaborating with partners to mobilise private capital for global development and climate initiatives.

Multilateral development banks continue to be at the forefront of this strategy, enhancing the UK’s global contribution.

Securing the future

The Chancellor announced that these investments will not only strengthen the nation’s defences but also energise its industrial base, ensuring that all regions of the UK benefit from the generated prosperity. With innovation, modernisation and collaboration at its core, this strategy positions the UK to confront and overcome the complex challenges of an uncertain world.

The funds allocated for 2025/26 will drive several advancements. Among these is the enhancement of joint NATO exercises

Reform and closing the tax gap

Chancellor’s plans to tackle depriving essential public services of much-needed funding

Akey pillar of restoring the United Kingdom’s economic stability and fiscal responsibility is tackling the long-standing issue of unpaid tax, Chancellor Rachel Reeves said. Every year, a significant amount of tax goes uncollected, depriving essential public services of much-needed funding. This also creates a competitive imbalance, as businesses that dutifully pay their taxes are often left at a disadvantage compared to those that do not.

In the autumn Budget, the government outlined its most ambitious plan yet to close this tax gap. During the Spring Statement, Reeves announced an even more robust package of measures projected to raise over £1 billion in additional gross tax revenue annually by 2029/30. These actions aim to create a fairer system and ensure that individuals and businesses contribute their share to the economy.

Tackling the tax debt crisis

The Chancellor said the figures surrounding unpaid tax debt are staggering. By the end of December 2024, HMRC reported tax debt liabilities surpassing £44 billion, more than twice the amount seen five years ago. Alarmingly, around £20 billion of this debt is over 12 months old, making it increasingly challenging to recover.

To address this crisis, the government is ramping up HMRC’s ability to manage and recover outstanding debts. This includes a pilot programme aimed at automating debt collection processes and focusing on older debts. Additionally, investments are being made to recruit 500 more compliance

staff on top of the 5,000 announced last year. Expanding HMRC’s workforce will enable more rigorous enforcement and ensure debts are pursued efficiently and effectively.

Modernising tax through digitalisation

Another key focus is the digital transformation of the tax system. The rollout of Making Tax Digital (MTD) for income tax Self Assessment (ITSA) is set to accelerate. From April 2028, sole traders and landlords with incomes exceeding £20,000 qualify to join this digital framework. The Chancellor has emphasised the importance of MTD, noting that digitalisation will ultimately prepare businesses for a competitive future by simplifying how tax obligations are managed.

Efforts are also being made to extend the benefits of digitalisation to smaller taxpayers. The government is exploring ways to enhance reporting systems for the estimated four million taxpayers earning below the MTD threshold. Meanwhile, stricter penalties for late payments are being introduced for VAT and ITSA taxpayers, further encouraging timely compliance.

Addressing tax avoidance and non-compliance

Cracking down on more deliberate forms of non-compliance is another key priority. Earlier this year, the government launched a series of consultations on important measures aimed at closing the tax gap. These include plans to enhance the use of third-party data for automation, bolster HMRC’s power against tax advisers who facilitate noncompliance and curb marketed tax avoidance schemes that leave clients

with hefty, unexpected bills.

The Chancellor explained that these efforts would not only increase accountability but also create a level playing field for honest taxpayers. For example, a new tax fraud initiative will increase criminal prosecution, particularly targeting wealthy individuals, corporationled fraud and offshore tax evasion. HMRC intends to deliver 600 annual charging decisions for serious tax fraud cases by 2029/30, up from 500 currently.

Encouraging whistleblowing and tackling ‘Phoenixism’

Part of the government’s approach includes initiatives to reward whistleblowers. Inspired by successful models in the United States and Canada, the Chancellor said HMRC’s updated informant reward scheme will offer financial incentives connected to the amount of tax recovered as a result of their tips. By targeting complex schemes involving large corporations, wealthy individuals and offshore accounts, this scheme is expected to significantly bolster tax collection.

Simultaneously, a joint task force with HMRC, Companies House and the Insolvency Service aims to tackle ‘phoenixism’, where businesses dissolve to avoid tax and debt repayment. Stringent measures will include upfront payment demands, personal liability for directors and doubling enforcement efforts, ultimately protecting £250 million in tax by 2026/27.

Offshore tax reform and technology integration

To strengthen its offshore

tax enforcement, Reeves said HMRC is also investing in private sector expertise and advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and analytics. This approach will better identify individuals and entities attempting to conceal wealth abroad. Over the next five years, HMRC plans to recruit an additional 400 tax specialists, expected to generate £500 million in recovered revenue over this period.

Additionally, the government is fast-tracking broader modernisation in tax and customs operations. The introduction of voice biometrics, AI in customer service and partnerships with international bodies like US Customs signal a shift towards leaner, tech-driven processes. Streamlining these systems will reduce administrative burdens for businesses and taxpayers, helping them focus on what they do best.

A roadmap for fairness and growth

At its core, these reforms represent a drive for fairness and sustainability. The Chancellor said these measures are critical to closing the tax gap, ensuring reliable funding for public services and fostering economic growth. Furthermore, the government’s commitment to innovation promises to reduce complexities often associated with tax compliance.

With HMRC’s transformation roadmap expected this summer, these initiatives offer a glimpse of a modernised tax system built around fairness and efficiency. As these reforms take shape, taxpayers and businesses alike can anticipate a fairer and more streamlined system designed for long-term economic success.

Programme to reform the public sector

Measures to address inefficiencies and modernise public service delivery

Chancellor Rachel Reeves said the British government has embarked on an ambitious programme to reform the public sector, emphasising boosting productivity, delivering value for money and improving essential services for working people. Tackling significant challenges, such as backlogs in health and immigration, has been central to the government’s approach, alongside measures to address inefficiencies and modernise public service delivery.

According to Reeves, public services faced considerable hurdles by the beginning of this Parliament. For instance, the NHS had a backlog of 7.6 million elective care cases, with around 300,000 people waiting over a year for treatment. Within the asylum and immigration system, financial pressures reached an unsustainable £6.4 billion, coupled with a mounting case backlog requiring immediate action.

A balanced approach to accountability and innovation

The Office for Value for Money (OVfM) ensures that public funds are spent wisely. It shapes decisions during key Spending Reviews and recommends reforms to enhance expenditure strategies. The Chancellor said the government is dedicated to making public services sustainable while improving long-term outcomes for citizens. One example of this commitment is the decision to streamline NHS England by integrating it into the Department of Health and Social Care, reducing bureaucratic redundancies while boosting

efficiency.

Beyond system overhauls, the government has made targeted allocations from its newly established £3.25 billion Transformation Fund. This fund accelerates the adoption of digital technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to modernise frontline services. By reducing bureaucratic hurdles and generating savings for taxpayers, the Transformation Fund demonstrates the government’s commitment to the future of public service delivery.

Technological advancements redefining services

Several initiatives from the Transformation Fund demonstrate these approaches to reform. For instance, £42 million has been allocated to three pioneering Frontier AI Exemplars, led by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT). These projects use AI to enhance government operations’ efficiency while minimising unnecessary administrative burdens. The Chancellor announced that these advancements promise to optimise performance and improve outcomes for citizens by streamlining processes.

Another example is the investment in children’s social care, which includes an additional £25 million to bolster the fostering network. This funding enables recruiting 400 new fostering households, addressing the need for stability for vulnerable children while easing financial pressures on local government. Meanwhile, the probation system is becoming

more efficient, thanks to an £8 million technology fund that allows probation officers to focus more on rehabilitation and less on paperwork.

A leaner, more responsive public sector

The government’s long-term plan for a leaner Civil Service forms another critical area of focus. Reeves confirmed £150 million for voluntary employee exit schemes, aiming to reduce administrative costs by 15% by the decade’s end. These changes are expected to save £2.2 billion annually on government back-office functions by 2029/30, unlocking more resources for frontline services.

Central to this goal is workforce reform, with the Chancellor emphasising plans to ensure public sector pay increases are closely aligned with productivity gains. Particular emphasis will be placed on enhancing digital competencies, aiming for one in ten civil servants to become digital professionals by 2030. These improvements will increase efficiency and better equip the Civil Service to address modern challenges.

Reimagining spending reviews for holistic reform

Beyond operational advancements, the government has reimagined its Spending Review process to ensure it remains robust and forward-looking. Transitioning to a zero-based, data-driven approach ensures that new spending decisions are thoroughly scrutinised and aligned with overarching reforms. Reviews, now conducted every two years, will establish multi-year

budgets to provide financial and operational stability.

Reeves said that this approach will assist in implementing the Plan for Change, which outlines the government’s vision for an agile, transparent and productive state. This transition involves reducing regulatory compliance costs for businesses by 25%, leveraging digital tools and eliminating inefficiencies from arms-length bodies like NHS England. Collectively, these reforms strive to modernise the relationship between citizens and public services.

Strengthening accountability with fiscal prudence

Public sector pay, defence investment and financial transparency remain key areas for reform. The government has confirmed that public spending will increase, albeit at a slower annual rate of 1.2% between 2025/26 and 2029/30. This recalibration also reflects a shift in priorities, such as reducing Official Development Assistance spending in favour of raising defence spending to 2.5% of GDP by 2027.

By committing to a modern, accountable and sustainable public sector, the government is fulfilling its promise to prioritise the needs of working people. Integrating technology, innovative structural reforms and prudent fiscal management will ensure that the public sector is better equipped to meet future demands. According to the Chancellor, these ambitious reforms address today’s challenges and lay the groundwork for a more efficient, citizen-focused state.

Six healthy fitness habits to adopt this spring

Helping you feel energised and revitalised this

fitness

this season

Spring is the perfect time to refresh your fitness routine and adopt healthier habits. With longer days and warmer weather, there’s no better opportunity to prioritise your well-being.

Here are six fitness habits to help you feel energised and revitalised this season.

Start with a plan

A structured plan is essential for fitness success. Begin by assessing your current fitness level and setting realistic goals. Whether your aim is weight management, endurance improvement, or stress relief, having clear objectives can keep you motivated.

Next, create a schedule that aligns with your lifestyle. Consistency is key to forming habits, so commit to specific days and times for your workouts. Treat these appointments as non-negotiable to keep yourself accountable.

Focus on outdoor activities

Take advantage of the seasonal change by exercising outdoors. Activities such as jogging, cycling, and hiking not only improve cardiovascular health but also allow you to soak up essential vitamin D. Being in nature can boost your mood and reduce stress levels.

If you’re looking for variety, try joining outdoor fitness classes. Yoga in the park or group boot camps are excellent ways to stay fit while connecting with others who share similar goals.

Incorporate strength training

Strength training is an essential aspect of a balanced fitness routine. Building muscle not only enhances your physical appearance but also supports your metabolism and bone health

as you age.

Aim to include resistance exercises, such as weightlifting or bodyweight movements, at least two to three times per week.

If strength training is new to you, start with lighter weights or resistance bands to avoid injuries. Gradually increase the intensity as you become more comfortable and confident with the exercises.

Prioritise recovery

Many fitness enthusiasts overlook the importance of recovery. Incorporating rest days and practising active recovery, such as stretching or light yoga, can prevent burnout and reduce the risk of injury. Proper recovery helps your body rebuild and recharge so you can perform at your best.

Optimising sleep is another vital component of recovery. Aim for seven to nine hours of high-quality sleep each night to support muscle repair and overall energy levels.

Stay hydrated and revitalise your nutrition

Proper hydration is crucial for both general health and fitness performance. Drink plenty of water throughout the day, especially during and after workouts, to maintain energy and support your body’s recovery processes.

Spring is also a great time to revitalise your diet with fresh, seasonal produce. Incorporate nutrient-dense fruits and vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains into your meals. Balanced nutrition boosts energy levels and helps fuel your workouts effectively.

Track your progress and stay consistent

Monitoring your progress is a fantastic way to stay on track and keep your goals in sight. Whether

you use a fitness app, journal, or wearable tracker, record your workouts and achievements. Celebrating small victories can reinforce your motivation and commitment.

Consistency is the glue that binds all these habits together. Stick to your routine as much as possible, but don’t be discouraged by occasional setbacks. What matters most is getting back on track and maintaining a positive attitude.

Take charge of your spring fitness

By adopting these six fitness habits, you can transform this spring into a season of health and vitality. Remember, with determination and the right strategy, meaningful improvements are within your reach.

Activities such as jogging, cycling, and hiking not only improve cardiovascular health but also allow you to soak up essential vitamin D

Trust in your future

Is now the time to consider protecting and managing your wealth for future generations?

Atrust can be an effective solution for many individuals and families aiming to protect and manage their wealth. Trusts provide a structured method for transferring assets to beneficiaries, especially across generations, while ensuring the funds are utilised for their intended purposes. However, trusts are not universally suitable, and their complexity necessitates careful consideration and planning.

A trust can provide reassurance regarding concerns about how wealth may impact beneficiaries. For example, if you wish to leave your estate to your grandchildren, who are all young adults, suddenly inheriting

a substantial sum could lead to poor financial decisions or mismanagement of the funds.

On the other hand, if you do not have children, the decision between nieces and nephews –or whether any of them should inherit – can create uncertainty in estate planning. If you are unsure about how to structure your legacy, trusts can offer flexibility and control.

Why trusts are valuable for future planning

Trusts have been utilised for centuries to address various needs, from funding education to managing wealth for beneficiaries who may not yet, or may never, have the capacity to do so themselves. A trust

can be particularly beneficial in phasing out inheritance to avoid overwhelming young beneficiaries or in ensuring that funds are available for specific milestones, such as purchasing a home or paying for university.

Beyond personal benefits, trusts can serve as an essential tool for addressing family dynamics. Complex relationships, such as when a family member struggles with managing money, substance abuse issues or challenging partnerships, may require a protective financial arrangement. Trusts can also help preserve assets for charitable causes, ensuring that organisations dear to you can benefit in the long term.

What exactly is a trust?

Although there isn’t a single definition, a trust is most simply understood as a legal relationship among three parties. The settlor, or creator of the trust, transfers assets into it. Trustees are then appointed to manage the trust, ensuring that the specified beneficiaries receive benefits at appropriate times. Trusts can flexibly align with your intentions, whether providing immediate financial support, delaying the distribution until certain conditions are met or ensuring that funds are managed responsibly.

The role of the trustee is vital. Trustees are not just administrators; they have a duty

to act in the best interests of the beneficiaries. This responsibility underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate individual or professional entity for the role.

Overcoming common concerns about trusts

One of the main challenges in trust planning is ensuring that your wishes are honoured long after you have transferred your assets. Trusts allow you to retain a certain level of control by setting guidelines or phased distributions to meet long-term objectives. For example, you might specify that funds can only be used for education, house deposits or other purposeful living expenses.

Additionally, trusts alleviate beneficiaries’ concerns regarding financial mismanagement. Some individuals may not be prepared to manage an inheritance directly due to youth, inexperience or particular vulnerabilities. With trusts, one can structure the transfer of wealth to maximise its benefits while safeguarding it from exploitative or careless behaviours.

Rising use of trusts for charitable giving

Establishing a charitable trust can be a significant means of extending your legacy. Whether you choose to support ongoing causes or make periodic contributions, a trust can ensure that your philanthropic objectives are consistently met over time. Unlike one-off donations, charitable trusts offer reliable, long-term support to organisations or projects that reflect your values.

This feature of trusts enables you to create a lasting impact while retaining control over how and when the funds support chosen charities. For individuals with considerable wealth, philanthropic trusts can also coincide with tax planning considerations in some jurisdictions, enhancing their appeal.

Importance of obtaining professional advice

Although trusts offer numerous benefits, they can be complicated to establish. Legal guidance is crucial to ensure that your

A trust can provide reassurance regarding concerns about how wealth may impact beneficiaries.

trust complies with regulations and functions as intended. Tax implications can also differ between jurisdictions, making the expertise of a financial or legal adviser invaluable. Professional advice streamlines the process, providing clarity on whether a trust is suitable for your individual situation.

Moreover, trust management is not a ‘set it and forget it’ duty. Trustees must remain continually attuned to the trust’s financial performance, tax obligations and other commitments. A professional adviser can assist the trustee in formulating a tailored investment strategy for the trust, taking into account its objectives, ethical standards and risk appetite.

Trusts as a tailored solution for estate planning

If you’re grappling with uncertainties about how to pass on your wealth or how best to ensure it serves your intended purpose, a trust could be the answer you seek. From managing family complexities to supporting charitable causes and preparing younger generations for financial independence, trusts can fulfil a diverse range of objectives.

Although their complexity may seem daunting, seeking expert assistance makes the process significantly more manageable. Working alongside our highly professional experts will provide customised strategies specifically tailored to your needs.

Is it time to take the next step towards making the right decisions for your circumstances?

If you’re considering a trust but feel daunted by the choices or are unsure of where to start, seeking professional guidance can certainly make a significant difference. Contact us to explore your options and ensure you make the right decisions for your situation. A well-structured trust can safeguard your legacy and offer invaluable peace of mind.

Peter Beacham Financial Planner

Is now the right time to remortgage?

Why many homeowners will be re-evaluating their mortgage options

With UK mortgage rates stabilising and forecasts suggesting potential reductions, many homeowners will be re-evaluating their mortgage options. Could this be the moment to act and remortgage? For some, remortgaging could lead to substantial savings, potentially amounting to thousands of pounds annually.

If your current mortgage deal is set to expire within the next six months, now is the time to consider starting the remortgage process. Acting early means you could lock in a favourable rate now while maintaining the flexibility to pivot to a more competitive deal should mortgage rates improve further before you make your choice.

Review your options if you’re on an SVR

The situation may feel more urgent for those currently on a lender’s standard variable rate (SVR). SVR rates are typically much higher than the competitive remortgage deals available on the market. By not acting, you may be losing out on significant financial savings each month.

But saving money isn’t the only reason to consider remortgaging. Many homeowners remortgage to access additional funds, which can be used for home improvements or consolidating high-interest debt. The flexibility to adapt your finances to suit your needs is one of the key advantages of remortgaging today.

Planning for 2025 and beyond

If you’re currently enjoying a cheap fixed-rate mortgage that runs until 2025, you may be bracing for increased costs. Even the most competitive mortgage rates in the current climate are higher than the deals many homeowners have secured in recent years. However, remortgaging remains a potential money-saver. Staying on your lender’s SVR after your fixed rate ends could cost far more than opting to remortgage for a new fixed term.

Remortgaging can also give

you certainty over your monthly outgoings if you fix your rate. This stability ensures your repayment amount won’t change during your fixed term, making budgeting easier. That said, fixing your mortgage means you won’t benefit from falling rates if the Bank of England cuts the base rate further.

Choosing between 2, 5, or 10-year fixed term deals

Deciding the length of your fixed-term deal can be tricky. A 2-year deal might seem appealing if you expect mortgage rates to improve in the near future, allowing you to remortgage onto a cheaper rate when the term ends. However, shorter fixed terms often come with higher rates compared to 5-year fixed mortgages.

For those seeking long-term stability, a 5-year fixed term can offer peace of mind and protection against potential rate increases. Alternatively, a 10-year fixed term may suit homeowners who value consistency and wish to avoid repeated arrangement fees over the coming years. A longer fixed term does not protect against tighter future lending criteria.

Trade-offs of long-term fixes

While a 10-year or longer fixed mortgage offers predictability, it’s not without its risks. Opting for a long-term fix could mean you miss out on better deals if rates drop significantly during your term. Additionally, consider how it could limit your flexibility if you wish to move home. Some mortgage deals are portable, allowing you to transfer them to a new property without penalty, but this isn’t guaranteed.

Before committing, think carefully about your long-term plans and how they align with the terms of your mortgage. This will help ensure your decision remains advantageous for the years to come.

Comparing tracker and variable rate mortgages

While fixed-rate mortgages are favoured for their predictability,

tracker and variable rate mortgages offer an alternative worth exploring. A tracker mortgage adjusts in line with the Bank of England base rate—so if interest rates fall, your monthly repayments will decrease accordingly.

On the other hand, discounted variable rate mortgages follow the lender’s SVR but apply a discounted rate for an agreed period. Beware, though—your payments are still subject to fluctuations as the lender amends their SVR. The advantage of certain variable rate deals is the lack of early repayment charges, giving you the freedom to switch to another deal later with minimal financial impact.

Taking the next step

Navigating the mortgage market can feel complex, particularly when rates are in flux and your financial needs evolve. Whether you’re motivated by potential savings, the prospect of financial flexibility, or the security of fixing your repayments, remortgaging can be an opportunity to reassess your financial priorities.

Alan Holmes Head of Mortgages

Do

you require

expert advice on a mortgage tailored to your circumstances?

If you’re considering remortgaging and require expert advice tailored to your circumstances, don’t hesitate to contact our team. We are here to help you explore the right deals on the market and provide guidance every step of the way.

While a 10-year or longer fixed mortgage offers predictability, it’s not without its risks. Opting for a long-term fix could mean you miss out on better deals if rates drop significantly during your term.

The A-Zen of Japanese interior design

Seamless blend of traditional aesthetics and functional elements

This design approach is not just about appearances. It’s deeply tied to cultural principles, such as “wabi-sabi” (the beauty of imperfection) and “ma” (the spaces between things).

Japanese interior design embodies a philosophy rooted in simplicity, harmony, and nature. It is a seamless blend of traditional aesthetics and functional elements, creating environments that feel serene, intentional, and connected to the natural world.

This design approach is not just about appearances. It’s deeply tied to cultural principles, such as “wabi-sabi” (the beauty of imperfection) and “ma” (the spaces between things). These ideas drive the creation of homes that are not only beautiful but also meaningful.

Minimalism with purpose

At the heart of Japanese interiors is minimalism. The focus lies in decluttering spaces and retaining only essential items, ensuring every piece serves a purpose. This creates rooms that feel open, balanced, and calming.

Furniture and decor within a Japanese-inspired home are thoughtfully selected. Instead of overloading a room with ornaments, the intention is to highlight a few high-quality or meaningful elements.

Natural materials and textures

Japanese interiors revere the use of natural materials, such as wood, bamboo, paper, and stone. These materials not only add warmth and texture but also connect inhabitants to nature. Tatami mats, shoji screens, and wooden beams are classic features of this aesthetic.

Neutral and earthy colour palettes dominate these spaces, allowing natural textures and

forms to shine. This approach emphasises simplicity while fostering a grounded and serene atmosphere.

Bringing the outdoors in

Japanese design bridges the gap between indoor and outdoor environments. Large windows or sliding glass doors often open up to lush gardens, inviting light and greenery into the interior. This connection to nature is central to creating balance and tranquillity.

Indoor plants also play a role in this style. Carefully placed bonsai trees or potted moss add life and structure without overwhelming the room’s minimalist theme.

The role of symmetry and balance

Harmony is crucial in Japanese interior design. A key principle here is achieving balance—not only in the layout but also in the arrangement of furniture and decor. Whether it is through symmetry or asymmetry, the aim is to create a sense of calm.

Zen-inspired layouts often use low-profile furniture, such as floor cushions or futon beds. These pieces foster relaxation while maintaining a minimalist silhouette.

Spaces with multifunctionality

Another hallmark of Japanese interiors is functionality. Rooms often serve multiple purposes, adapting to the user’s needs throughout the day. For instance, traditional Japanese homes may feature tatami rooms where dining tables or bedding are brought out only as required.

This approach highlights the Japanese design philosophy of

efficiency and thoughtfulness, allowing spaces to feel less cluttered and more dynamic.

Lighting and ambience

Lighting in Japanese interior design plays a subdued yet powerful role. Natural light is prioritised, with windows and screens diffusing sunlight to create soft, glowing interiors. At night, traditional lanterns or modern minimalist fixtures provide ambient light that feels warm and inviting.

Instead of harsh contrasts, lighting in this style focuses on subtlety, enhancing the textures and soft tones of a room without overwhelming its serenity.

A timeless design philosophy

Japanese interior design offers timeless appeal. Its reliance on natural materials, minimalism, and harmony aligns beautifully with modern values of sustainability and mindfulness. Whether you are seeking to redesign a single room or your entire home, adopting this philosophy can transform your environment into a peaceful retreat.

Understanding retirement decisions

The impact of pension lump sums and their long-term implications

New research reveals a concerning trend among those approaching retirement[1]. One in five individuals (21%) who accessed a cash lump sum from their pension pot did so as soon as they reached 55, often without fully comprehending the potential long-term consequences. While some utilised the funds to meet immediate financial needs, others withdrew their savings simply because they could.

The findings, gathered from individuals over 50 to better understand retirement decisions and planning, provide deeper insight into this behaviour. Of those surveyed, 32% cashed their pensions to cover essential expenses. However, a larger portion – 46% – admitted they withdrew their lump sums simply because the option was available. Although these choices might appear harmless initially, the lack of proper planning often results in significant risks later on.

Hidden risks of withdrawals without advice

The research highlights the risks linked to withdrawing pension funds without seeking professional guidance or advice. Alarmingly, over a quarter (27%) of adults aged 50 or older made significant decisions regarding their pensions without consulting a financial adviser or using guidance tools. This lack of preparation often exposes them to unexpected tax liabilities or even reduced eligibility for means-tested benefits.

A notable 24% of participants admitted they were unaware that withdrawing large lump sums from their pension savings could negatively impact their eligibility for benefits. Furthermore, an additional 11% reported that accessing their savings had already directly affected their meanstested benefits. These findings highlight the critical importance

of understanding the potential consequences before proceeding with pension cash-outs.

Tax-free allowances offer some relief

Despite the risks, some retirees aim to stay within the limits of taxfree allowances. Two-thirds (67%) of respondents who accessed their funds withdrew 25% or less of their pension to avoid incurring taxes on the withdrawal. However, 10% opted to withdraw their entire pot, which could expose them to high tax rates or limit their financial security in later years.

If given the chance to reassess their choices, many individuals would manage matters differently.

Approximately 18% admitted that, in hindsight, they would have taken out less or avoided withdrawing lump sums from their pensions. These statistics emphasise that a hasty decision during retirement planning can lead to regrets later on.

Recognising the true costs of early access

Why do individuals opt to cash in their pension pots at such an early stage? For some, it’s a matter of necessity – covering essential expenses like household bills or debts. However, the frequency of individuals accessing funds simply because ‘they can’ highlights the potential risks of not fully grasping the seriousness of these choices.

Untimely cash withdrawals can lead to numerous problems. In addition to tax penalties, they may deplete savings earlier than expected, jeopardising financial stability in future decades. Even more troubling is the possibility of losing access to critical benefits, leaving retirees without the safety nets they might rely on later.

How to make wellinformed decisions

Individuals approaching retirement must carefully evaluate their needs and options to avoid these common pitfalls. Obtaining professional financial advice will

help retirees better understand the implications of their decisions, whether they relate to taxes, benefits or ensuring long-term financial security.

Equally, adhering to this advice will provide a clear understanding of how lump sum withdrawals could affect one’s financial situation in the years to come. The insights gained will enable retirees to make informed decisions tailored to their specific circumstances.

Plan today, avoid regret tomorrow

While the ability to access a pension pot at 55 offers significant flexibility, it also involves complexities that should not be overlooked. On one hand, this early access enables individuals to meet urgent financial needs, such as settling debts, financing home improvements or even assisting loved ones.

It can also provide a sense of liberation, enabling individuals to enjoy their savings while they remain in good health and active. However, this freedom should be approached with caution. Without careful consideration, early withdrawals can significantly reduce the funds available for later years, potentially leaving retirees facing financial hardship or an uncertain future.

John Carter Financial Planner

Are you prepared to ensure your longterm financial wellbeing?

By taking the time to evaluate all options and seek expert guidance, you can make informed decisions that not only meet your current needs but also secure your long-term financial wellbeing. If you have any questions or would like personalised advice tailored to your retirement plans, please do not hesitate to contact us. Seeking guidance at this time can significantly impact your financial future.

Two-thirds

Mastering good sleep habits for a healthier life

Creating an environment and mindset conducive to rest is key

Sleep is a pillar of well-being, yet many of us fail to get the quality rest we need. Poor sleep habits can lead to mental fog, decreased productivity, and even affect long-term health. Fortunately, with a few tweaks to your daily routine, improving your sleep and waking up feeling rejuvenated is possible. Understanding how to create an environment and mindset conducive to rest is key. Focusing on small, attainable changes can make a world of difference. Here’s a guide to getting better sleep, one habit at a time.

Establishing a consistent sleep schedule

Your body thrives on routine, making a consistent sleep schedule essential. Going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends, helps regulate your internal body clock. This consistency signals your brain that it’s time to wind down, which promotes deeper, more restful sleep.

Many people underestimate the importance of mornings in shaping sleep health. Getting sunlight in the morning helps reset your circadian rhythm, a natural process influencing your sleep-wake cycle. Aim to spend time outdoors shortly after waking up to help reinforce your new pattern.

Creating a restful bedroom

Your bedroom should be a space associated solely with rest and relaxation. Start by keeping it cool, quiet, and dark, as these conditions are ideal for sleep. Invest in blackout curtains, a supportive mattress, and breathable bedding to maximise your comfort.

Equally important is eliminating noise and distractions. Earplugs, white noise machines, or even soft

background music can mitigate loud disturbances. Make sure your room feels like a sanctuary, free from screens, clutter, or anything that could disrupt a sense of calm.

Reducing exposure to screens before bed

Blue light emitted by phones, tablets, and televisions is notorious for disrupting sleep. It suppresses melatonin, the hormone responsible for sleep, tricking your brain into thinking it’s daylight. Limiting your screen time at least one hour before bed can make a big difference. Consider replacing screenheavy evening activities with soothing routines, like reading a book, meditating, or listening to calming music. This helps your brain recognise when it’s time to relax and prepare for sleep.

Cultivating pre-sleep rituals

A good night’s sleep often starts with a relaxing prebedtime ritual. Activities that calm the mind, such as taking a warm bath or practising gentle yoga, can ease the transition from wakefulness to sleep. This routine doesn’t need to be elaborate—what matters is consistency.

Adding aromatherapy into your nighttime practice may also help. Essential oils like lavender and chamomile are known for their sleep-enhancing properties. A few drops on your pillow or in a diffuser can foster a restful environment.

Avoiding stimulants and heavy meals

Caffeine and nicotine are stimulants that can wreak havoc on your sleep if consumed too close to bedtime. These substances increase alertness, making it harder for your body to relax. Aim to limit coffee or

tea to the earlier part of the day and avoid smoking as much as possible.

Similarly, avoid heavy, rich, or spicy meals in the evening. Digesting a big meal before bed often leads to discomfort and restless sleep. Instead, opt for lighter options, such as a banana or small bowl of cereal, if you need a snack before turning in.

Managing stress for better sleep

Stress is a common culprit behind sleepless nights. When your mind is racing, it can be nearly impossible to drift off.

Techniques like journaling your thoughts or practising breathing exercises can help quieten your mental chatter.

Regular physical activity is also a natural stress reliever that promotes sleep. Just be mindful to avoid intense workouts late in the evening, as this may have the reverse effect, keeping you energised when you should be winding down.

When to seek professional help

If you’ve tried improving your sleep habits but still experience sleep disturbances, it might be time to seek advice. Chronic insomnia, snoring, or waking up frequently throughout the night could point to underlying issues that require medical attention.

Sleep disorders affect millions, and professional support can be life-changing. Whether it’s undergoing a sleep study or receiving personalised advice, reaching out to a health specialist can offer insight and solutions tailored to your needs.

Take the first step towards better sleep

Improving your sleep habits is a commitment to enhancing your health and quality of life—one night at a time.