DESIGN JOURNAL - FINAL PROJECT REPORT (SEM 06)

ADP-FINAL REPORT CITY LIVING-LOBBY

PREPARED BY

Rachel Lau Yi Xuen 0335079 Tutor : Ar. Emmanuel Canlas

DESIGNER’S PROFILE (CV)

Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

RACHEL LAU YI XUEN 0335079 PROFILE A strong believer in the ability of the architecture and research combined with design thinking for strengthening our societies and having a positive effect on the world.

Only together can we build a better future, therefore my communication and team-working skills.

PREVIOUS PROJECTS APR 2019

Mangrove Wildlife Lookout Structure - Kuala Selangor Malaysia JUL 2019

Valley of Hope Interpretive Centre - Sungai Buloh Malaysia FEB 2020

Dessert Food Kiosk - CBD of Orchid Road

EDUCATION BACKGROUND

Singapore

APR 2020 2018-2020 TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY, MALAYSIA

- Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture - Foundation in Natural and Built Environment 2015-2017 SMK TAMAN PELANGI INDAH

Neighbourhood Market & Foodcourt - Bangi Malaysia AUG 2020

Creative and Learning Centre - Selangor Malaysia

- Accountant student MAY 2021

Heartbeat of Klang Community Centre - Klang Malaysia

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.1 Project Introduction 1.2 Site Location

2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION & CONTEXTUAL STUDIES 2.1 Macro Site Analysis 2.1.1 Figure Ground Analysis 2.1.2 Site Data- District & User Groups 2.1.3 Urban Wall Studies 2.1.4 Site Conditions Studies

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION 3.1 Spirit of Place 3.2 Design Narrative 3.3 Massing Study Models 3.4 Spatial Programming & Organization 3.5 Massing Development Diagrams 3.6 Design Strategies & Considerations

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 Renderings

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHMOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.1 Passive Strategy Design Methods 6.2 Architectural Detailing 6.2.1 Space Frame 6.2.2 Timber Louver Façade 6.2.3 Green Wall Facade 6.2.4 Planter Box 6.3 Materials Compilation 6.4 Bomba (Fire Safety Plans)

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.1 Work in Progress 7.2 Final Presentation Board 7.3 Walkthrough Video Link 7.4 Reflection

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 Plans 4.2 Elevations 4.3 Sections 4.4 Axonometric – Exploded

8.0 REFERENCE

Project Background Site Introduction

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION PROJECT BRIEF

REFERENCES

Project Location : Chow Kit Project Title : Urban Room / City Room Project Function : City Living-lobby Project calls for an Urban Room in Kuala Lumpur Chow Kit. The project emphasizes on ‘Sensing the City’.

Designing an Urban Room , creating positive spaces for people in the city. The design should demonstrate architectural inventions, which are drawn from the needs of the people , place and is timely and relevant.

OBJECTIVES

-

-

A design which will create a positive impact on the immediate neighborhood, more engaging and inviting, hence, encourage people to look, pause, stay, engage and celebrate.

Specifically, relevant to the given sites where it is within proximity or accessible to the transportation hubs/ terminals and at the middle of urban walls.

A design that compliments and heightens the quality of the urban fabric through its architecture. The architecture may blend in or be a driver to enhance the image of the place.

The design should be a highly engaging design, which appeals to the target user from all social status and ethnicity. This urban place acting as a ‘neutral platform’ where activities are focused and likewise relevant to the city inhabitant’s needs, wants and desires.

A design that is people-centred and activity-driven, where spaces both external and internal encourages a unique journey and experience for the public.

A design that attempts to incorporate the situation of public or social spaces in the pandemic and post-pandemic situation.

The design should that complies with the pertinent guidelines and regulations. Compliance with buildability, safety and building requirements and standards.

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.2 SITE LOCATION SITE LOCATION Titiwangsa

Kampung Baru

Chow Kit

Chow Kit

Kuala Lumpur City Centre

Chow Kit, - Located within the Kuala Lumpur City Centre, it defined as a sub-district central of Kuala Lumpur, filled with rows and rows of longestablished retail outlets specializing in wholesale goods.

In recent years…

Chow Kit remains one of the few original neighbourhoods in Kuala Lumpur that have clung steadfastly to its roots amid chock-a-block development in the Malaysian capital.

1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.2 SITE LOCATION SITE LOCATION Titiwangsa

Low-rise Shophouses

Kampung Baru

Chow Kit

- The site is located in the middle of the high rise building and shop lots.

- Surrounding development such as religion, education, plazas and heath developed in clusters.

- Transportation such as monorail station and rout development follows the primary route Jalan Pahang.

Kuala Lumpur City Centre

High-rise Buildings

Site Investigation & Contextual Analysis Macro Site Analysis

2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION & CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS 2.1 MACRO SITE ANALYSIS Project 1a Site Analysis

2.1.1 FIGURE GROUND ANALYSIS

LATE 1800s

1950s

1990s – 2000s

PRESENT 2021

THE BEGINNING

LINEAR FORM RETAILS

NEW MASSING DEVELOPMENT

RETAIN ITS ORIGINS

Kuala Lumpur was founded in 1857, the early settlement started for tin prospectors at the confluence of Klang and Gombak rivers.

A series of long building blocks stared to build along the path. Chow Kit filled up with rows and rows of long linear form retail outlets mostly in wholesale goods and commercial purposes.

Due to the rapid growth of the surrounding context, the new development wrapped up around the Chow Kit gradually. High-rise buildings were built and the whole area were surrounded by landmarks.

Up until now, there have been efforts to modernize the area. Even so, Chow kit remains one of the few original neighborhoods in Kuala Lumpur that have clung steadfastly to its roots amid chock –a-block development.

2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION & CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS 2.1 MACRO SITE ANALYSIS Project 1a Site Analysis

2.1.2 SITE DATA – DISTRICTS & USER GROUP Institution District Government Facility District Major Trading District City Centre Trading District

City Centre Trading District

White Collar

Major Trading District

User group - Local Who usually come and stay to work in the hotel.

Government Facility District

Institution District

User group - Local, Local Outsider (University Students ,Lecturers) Students

Who are coming to study and work (*Before pandemic scenario )

User group - Local , Foreigner (Immigrant workers)

User group - Local, Foreigner

Business Owners, Workers

Local Business Owners and immigrant workers who come to stay and work as a daily routine.

Blue Collar Workers

Who are involved on construction and maintenance job.

2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION & CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS 2.1 MACRO SITE ANALYSIS Project 1a Site Analysis

2.1.3 URBAN WALL STUDIES

The juxtaposition of both urban walls surrounding our site shows the changes in development and the increment of development and volume over time. The increase of the size and plot ratio of developments also contribute towards the inhumane urban development.

Alley

Alley Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz

Lorong Haji Hussein 2 SITE

Alley Lorong Haji Hussein 1

Jalan Raja Bot

2.0 SITE INVESTIGATION & CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS 2.1 MACRO SITE ANALYSIS 2.1.4 SITE CONDITIONS STUDIES

Project 1a Site Analysis

Design Development Concept, Strategy & Exploration

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION 3.1 SPIRIT OF PLACE SPIRIT OF PLACE

"Sensing the city" Chow Kit Chow Kit, a pretty and special place in Kuala Lumpur with a melting pot of cultures, migrant Indonesian, Burmese and Nepali immigrant workers setting up stalls and engaged in various activities. Previously, it is also home to injecting drug users, sex workers and transgendered communities.

Thus, up until now, Chow Kit has always been burdened with the notoriety of negative reputation. However, did you really know about Chow Kit? Could you tell us your personal feelings or stories of how you experience Chow Kit? Whether it's still something belittle about Chow Kit. In recent years, Chow Kit has shown how beautifully diverse it is. The diversity is not limited to different cultures but different groups and professions as well. While some would rather stay away from Chow Kit, known for its vice activities, but some might ask to be looked at beyond the negative reputation. They want society to have a more non-judgmental view of who they are, what they do, why they do it, how they live and the everyday challenges that they face. Each have their own unique stories and qualities, proving that the once-infamous district is far from being a relic of the past.

Chow Kit

Diagram from project 1a site analysis

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION 3.1 SPIRIT OF PLACE SITE IMPRESSION, ISSUES & POTENTIAL

Different Aspects

Keywords

Building

Juxtaposition

People

Diversity

Business & Trading

Uniqueness

Traffic & Transportations

Cuisine Streets Art & Cultural Lifestyles

Fast-paced Unsafe Unorganized Discomfort Bleakness Dullness

Issues

Lack of Entertainment Not many activities can be found around the site which tend to lose the user’s interest.

Lack of Urge For Personal Growth Community is satisfied in their comfort zone and have no interest in improving themselves.

Community Segregation Weak bonds within the community which shows a lack of unity.

Lack of Public Green Space Surroundings are concrete buildings with very little greeneries.

Poor Site Management Dirty and unappealing visual to the users

Responses

“ Revamp ” The project design concept is conceived as a “Revamp”, conveying to redefine the visualization of Chow Kit and the manner in which the Chow Kit is transforming to meet the demands of its new use.

The new life breathed into the lifeless community, through various unique programs and activities to break out from its previous negative reputation, to form a dynamic Urban Space.

“ 3 Main Goals ” ✓ Breathing new life into the lifeless community by offering various activities towards the community and creating an active and vibrant urban fabric. ✓ Provide a chance for the community to participate themselves in the project. ✓ A new hangout space for all the communities and give a sense of belonging to the communities.

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION 3.2 DESIGN NARRATIVE URBAN TERRACE - CITY BALCONY OF CHOW KIT

A city is not just a centre for business and economy but likewise becomes a potential living space for the community. A new century city life and urban fabric should be able to recreate a work-life balance healthy lifestyle.

Break the sense of privacy and superiority like other existing buildings bring to the communities, breathing new life into the lifeless community, the urban terrace also serves as a holding space for users, makes the users feel more affinity, and even more local community could participate to the urban space.

With the creation of the rooftop barrier-free skypark, connecting the public realm and the roof of the building with a long ramp. Through the City Balcony brings the community together, no longer cold and sublime, but more humane and affinity, addressing a new spirit to the place.

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION

-INITIAL IDEA

STAGE 01

3.3 MASSING STUDY MODELS

STAGE 02

-FURTHER DEVELOP

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION 3.4 SPATIAL PROGRAMMING & ORGANIZATION TRADING AND LEARNING COMMUNITY HUB A city living –lobby serve as a community hub. Community hub act as a public space that brings several community and neighbourhood groups together. With the offering of a range of activities, programs and services to encourage social gatherings so that all the communities could participate themselves to this urban space.

PROGRAMME PROPOSED

- SPATIAL EXPERIENCE

Public Realm

Trading Spaces

Kid’s Daycare

Activities Area

Kiosk &Retail Shop

Learning Centre

Attracting more visitors come and do their own activities.

Allow vendors and hawkers to have their own business place to sell their products.

Parents could send their kids’ here to learn new skills while they are working.

TARGET USER GROUP

TARGET USER GROUP

TARGET USER GROUP

Mainly for all the users

-

User Involved Business Owner Hawker Workers Consumer

-

User Involved Vendors & Workers Kids Residents’ kids

Co-working Library Reading and Working More flexible spaces allow users to get out of their own bubble and bring the community together.

TARGET USER GROUP

-

User Involved Local Residents Teenagers Kids

Entertainment Room Reading and Working

Cafeteria & Bar Have a Rest

Various playscapes create . funnier activities space for the users.

A comfortable space for users to hang out and have a rest.

TARGET USER GROUP

TARGET USER GROUP

-

User Involved Teenagers Kids Local Residents

Mainly for all the users

Space Divergence

Visual Permeable

Architectural Elements Connect & Continuity

Passive & Greens

Multi-volume Spaces

Design Strategies & Consideration

Site Boundary

3.5 MASSING DEVELOPMENT

Solid & Void

Spatial Experience

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION

3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT & EXPLORATION 3.6 DESIGN CONSIDERATION DESIGN STRATEGIES & CONSIDERATION

Spatial Experience

More affinity and inclusive design to break the sense of privacy and superiority like other existing buildings bring to the communities so that people are encouraged to participate in the building without any interfere.

Passive & Greens

Further enhance the passive cooling strategies and the effect of structure and materiality enhance the user experiential qualities of a building besides its aesthetic and structural purposes

Multi-volume Spaces

Multi-volume spaces create visually permeable within the spaces. It helps to enhance human interaction and engagement as well as provide a better user spatial experience.

Final Design Outcome Orthographic Drawings

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS LOCATION PLAN

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS SITE PLAN

B

A

A’

5°

B’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS GROUND FLOOR PLAN

B

Public Realm

Refuse Chamber

Retail Shop

Staff Office Mimic Room

Fire Staircase UP

Kitchen

Storage

Café Counter

Seating Area

Lift Lobby

Toilets Retail Shop Lift

Retail Shop

Seating Area

Loading Bay

A

Retail Shop

Retail Shop

A’

Foyer UP Drop-off Kiosks

Seating Area

Public Realm

Main Entrance

Existing On-site Parking

B’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS FIRST FLOOR PLAN

B

Landing

Storage

Stuff Office

Lift Lobby

A

Hand Craft Workshop Fire Staircase UP

Reading Corner

Drawing Studio Eating Space

A’

Toilets Void

Lift Kids’ Playing Room M&E

B’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS SECOND FLOOR PLAN

B

Public Realm Below Public Gathering Space

Lift Lobby

Void

M&E

A

UP

Fire Staircase UP

Void

Self Working & Learning Area

A’

Toilets Discussion Room

Lift

Indoor Entertainment Room

Void

M&E

Public Realm Below

B’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS THIRD FLOOR PLAN

B

Public Gathering Space Below Lift Lobby DN

Balcony Open Seating Space

A

Staircase Fire Staircase UP

Toilets

A’

Water Feature

Void

Void Lift

Outdoor Open Dining Space

Counter

DN DN

Covered Dining Space

M&E

B’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS ROOF TOP PLAN

B

Toilets Small Balcony

Room I

Kitchen Lift Lobby Living Room

A

Staff Office

Toilets

Fire Staircase

Lift

To Services Area

Cafeteria & Bar Below

Observation Deck

Void

M&E

B’

A’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS ROOF TOP PLAN- WITH SERVICES ROOM

Staircase

Water Tank Room

Fly Over

Lift Motor Room

B

Toilets Small Balcony Fire Staircase Lift Motor Room

A

M&E Below

Room I

Kitchen Lift Lobby Living Room

Staff Office

Toilets

Fire Staircase

Lift

To Services Area

Cafeteria & Bar Below

Observation Deck

Void

M&E

B’

A’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.1 PLANS BASEMENT PLAN

B

AHU

A

A’ Sewer Room

B’

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.2 ELEVATIONS FRONT ELEVATION - SOUTH

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.2 ELEVATIONS REAR ELEVATION - NORTH

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.2 ELEVATIONS SIDE ELEVATION - EAST

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.2 ELEVATIONS SIDE ELEVATION - WEST

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.3 SECTIONS SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE A-A’ - SOUTH

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.3 SECTIONS SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE B-B’ - EAST

4.0 FINAL DESIGN OUTCOME 4.4 EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC AXONOMETRIC - EXPLODED

SPATIAL EXPERIENCE Renderings

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS BIRDS EYE VIEW – CITY BALCONY

With the creation of the rooftop barrier-free skypark, connecting the public realm and the roof of the building with a long ramp. Through the Urban Terrace (City Balcony) brings the community together, no longer cold and sublime, but more humane and affinity, addressing a new spirit to the place.

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS MAIN FOYER – DROP OFF AREA

A drop-off area in front of the entrance hall and the atrium creates a welcoming entrance to welcome and create a great first impression for the users. Glass lift in the middle of the building introduces natural daylighting illumination and creates visually permeable to show the interaction and engagement within the spaces.

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS TRADING SPACE

An open concept design for the ground floor trading spaces leads and attracts more and more people to come to visit. The rentable small kiosks allow the business owner to have an opportunity to sell their products to the communities..

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS CO-WORKING LIBRARY

Co-working library as a more flexible and comfortable workspace to allow users to have their own learning and working time. The co-working spaces bind coworking communities together in order to enhance human interaction and engagement within the spaces.

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS INDOOR ENTERTAINMENT ROOM

Indoor entertainment spaces with various playscapes encourage parents and children to gather together and play games to enhance interaction, create long-lasting memories and provide an uplifting experience for the communities.

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS OUTDOOR PUBLIC GATHERING SPACE

The public gathering spaces act as a resting point for the users who are using the ramp. This space allows users to sit down and have a rest before they continue their ramp journey to the rooftop cafeteria and observation deck.

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS CAFETERIA & BAR

The rooftop cafeteria and bar act as new hang-out spaces for the communities. The rooftop act as an observation deck as well to capture a beautiful city view. Users are able to enjoy the city view while they are eating and chit chats with each other.

5.0 SPATIAL EXPERIENCES 5.1 RENDERINGS EXTERIOR VIEW

The city balcony as a city living lobby, serves as a trading and learning space for users to bring a sense of belonging, making the users feel more affinity and addressing the new spirit for Chow Kit’s communities.

Environmental & Technology Strategies Building Performance

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.1 PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES PASSIVE DESIGN METHODS

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.2 ARCHITECTURAL DETAILING 6.2.1 SPACE FRAME DESIGN

SPACE FRAME ROOF CONNECTION

D 01

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.2 ARCHITECTURAL DETAILING 6.2.2 TIMBER LOUVER FAÇADE

TIMBER LOUVER FACADE FACADE TO WALL CONNECTION

D 02

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.2 ARCHITECTURAL DETAILING 6.2.3 GREEN WALL FAÇADE

GREEN WALL FACADE FAÇADE TO WALL CONNECTION

D 03

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.2 ARCHITECTURAL DETAILING 6.2.4 PLANTER BOX DESIGN

PLANTER BOX FLOOR CONNECTION

D 04

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.3 MATERIALS COMPILATION MATERIALITY

Steel Mesh Green Façade Natural Ventilation, Spaces Cooling, Noise Control

Vertical Timber Louver Façade Daylighting Control

Polycarbonate Canopy Roof Shading Devices

Glass Lift Visually Permeable

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.4 BOMBA FIRE SAFETY PLANS GROUND FLOOR PLAN - BOMBA

Main Exit Fire Staircase

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.4 BOMBA FIRE SAFETY PLANS FIRST FLOOR PLAN - BOMBA

DN

Major Path

Minor Path Fire Staircase

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.4 BOMBA FIRE SAFETY PLANS SECOND FLOOR PLAN - BOMBA

DN

Major Path

Minor Path Fire Staircase

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.4 BOMBA FIRE SAFETY PLANS THIRD FLOOR PLAN - BOMBA

DN

Major Path

Minor Path Fire Staircase

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNOLOGY STRATEGIES 6.4 BOMBA FIRE SAFETY PLANS ROOF TOP PLAN - BOMBA

DN

Major Path

Minor Path Fire Staircase

DESIGN JOURNAL WORK IN PROGRESS

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.1 WORK IN PROGRESS CONCEPT BRAINSTORM

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.1 WORK IN PROGRESS CONCEPTUAL DIGITAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.1 WORK IN PROGRESS CONCEPTUAL DIGITAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.2 FINAL PRESENTATION BOARD BOARD I

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.2 FINAL PRESENTATION BOARD BOARD II

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.3 WALKTHROUGH VIDEO LINK VIDEO

WALKTHROUGH VIDEO – SHORT CLIP

https://youtu.be/JexnsGNMFjI

7.0 DESIGN JOURNAL 7.4 REFLECTION REFLECTIVE JOURNAL

On the whole, it was a rewarding and one-of-a-kind learning experience from the beginning to the end of the degree. Despite the fact that it is really difficult, and I have considered giving up about a thousand times in my head. Fortunately, my perseverance and patience have kept me alive till today. I am grateful to all of my lecturers and tutors who have supported and led me during the semesters.

Due to this pandemic, we are all required to learn and work from home. I greatly appreciate the great effort made by our module coordinator and other tutors to overcome this issue, as they were able to provide us with sufficient site information and references from senior works for us to continue with the projects. However, there is something I found quite disappointed is about the final site visit as we are not allowed to visit the site all together due to the pandemic period. Also, I am upset because I wouldn't be able to meet with my tutor, Ar. Manny for this final semester.

In my perspective, this studio is not only enhancing my coursework knowledge but also boosting my communication skills as well via all of the group meetings, discussions and presentations. I think this is one of the biggest changes I have obtained. My architecture life is still long as I still have much to learn and a lot of shortcomings to improve. I hope and I strongly believe that I could be an excellent designer one day.

Thanks to everyone who has accompanied me through all these semesters together, especially my tutors, family and friends.

REFERENCES BOOKS & WEBSITES

8.0 REFERENCES

REFERENCES LIST

Books Allen, E. and Rand, P., Architectural Detailing: Function, Constructability-Aesthetics 3rd Edition, 2016, Wiley & Sons Bauer, M., Mosle, P. and Schwarz, M., Green Building: Guidebook for Sustainable Architecture; 2010, Springer Gehl.J & Koeh,J. (2011). Life Between Buildings: Using public space.

Websites Chayka, K., Taylor, A., & Adler, T. (2020, June 17). How the coronavirus will https://www.newyorker.com/culture/dept-of-design/how-the-coronavirus-will-reshape-architecture.

reshape

architecture.

The

New

Yorker.

Retrieved

from

Embracing disruption: Mohamed on autonomous vehicles. Sasaki. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sasaki.com/voices/mohamed-on-autonomous-vehicles/.

Malaysia Landscape Architecture Yearbook 2018. Issuu. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/carltks/docs/malaysia_landscape_architecture_awa.

Newsroom. (2021, November 8). How to design a garage access ramp. The Complete Technical and professional guidelines. BibLus. Retrieved from https://biblus.accasoftware.com/en/how-to-design-a-garage-access-ramp-the-complete-technical-and-professional-guidelines/.

Stathaki, E. (2021, June 10). Architecture seeks designs for a post-pandemic world. Wallpaper*. Retrieved from https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/global-postpandemic-architecture-responses.

What is the role of community spaces and services? Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/what-rolecommunity-spaces-and-services.

70 community service project ideas. DoSomething.org. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.dosomething.org/us/articles/community-service-project-ideas.

Precedent Studies Brain training for kids: Classes in Singapore nurturing learners for life. Little Day Out. Retrieved from https://www.littledayout.com/brain-training-forkids-classes-in-singapore-nurturing-learners-for-life/.

Canopy Park at Jewel Changi Airport: Where a world of play attractions awaits. Little Day Out. Retrieved from https://www.littledayout.com/canopypark-at-jewel-changi-airport-where-a-world-of-play-attractions-await-review/.

Stouhi, D. (2021, June 9). Henning Larsen designs active community hub as their first London project. ArchDaily. Retrieved https://www.archdaily.com/963093/henning-larsen-designs-active-community-hub-as-their-first-london-project?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all.

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