Lighting Design Proposal for Major Design Peoject Horton Chapel

Stage 1 - Preparation & Briefing

Histroy & Context Analysis 1.1

1.1.1 History of Horton

The Horton Chapel is a disused former chapel standing in a semi-rural location in Surrey, which was the last surviving chapel of Epsom’s unique cluster of five pioneering psychiatric hospitals.

• Built at 1901 as part of the Epson hospital cluster

• Used as a music therapy centre since 1961

• Almost out of used after early 1990s

• Refurbish undertaken and expected open at 2021

This building is evaluated as a Grade II building, that is a heritage architecture which need to be well conservated. The lighting design is to keep and strengthen the looks and characters of the chapel for both interior and exterior with minimal intervention.

1.1.2 Context and Features of Horton

• Location & Climate conditions:

Locate at Surrey, around 50 km away from London, Horton Chapel has close and convenient geographical connections with cities, which creates the attraction to tourists from urban area to visit this rural church with historical characteristics.

Located in the temperate maritime climate type area, Horton Chapel is with an equable weather condition of South East England that the average daytime air temperature is 11°C, with 5.5°C in January and 18°C in July with changeable but relatively good daylight conditions.

• Regional architectural features:

From the horton chapel and three buildings in Epsom cluster, the architectural style of this area is Queen Anne, which has the following four characteristics:

1. Yellow/Red bricks finishes 2.Various decorating moldings

3. Gray sloping roof 4. Arches as structure and decoration

• Historical spatial axis:

The Horton Chapel plays an important role at the central axis of its town. As can be seen in the following evolution diagram, Blue represents buildings built at the same time as the church, which has been gradually replaced by the newer buildings represented by Pink with the urbanization developing. The chapel always stands at the end of the spatial axis. In this design, it should be highlighted as a representative of the town’s development of spatial layout in people's mind.

Horton Chapel

Lighting Design Proposal for Major Design Peoject

Stage 1 - Preparation & Briefing

Main accesses of vehicles and people with possible views based on Google Earth 2020

1.2.2 Main Entrance and Perspectives

The main entrance of the building is offset from the axis, and the lighting design needs to highlight both at the same time.

On the main road in front of the chapel, the view might be blocked by trees most of the time. And through gaps of trees, the bell tower can be seen.

People can get a relatively complete understanding of chapel along continuous path.

On the town scale, Horton Chapel is surrounded by relatively dense roads and residential areas. Through the roadway and sidewalk, town residents on the commute have abundant opportunities to see the facade of this chapel while moving. The red and yellow facades and bell tower of the chapel itself are a good reminder of its own existence, which are deserved to be enhanced when design the lighting of exterior space.

Through research of google earth street view, it can be seen that the current chapel does not have its own special lighting, and the brightness of the street lamp is not enough to cover the range of the building, so the presence of chapel is low for visitors. Therefore, the context-based lighting design has the following three goals:

· Strengthen the spatial position of the chapel

· Enhance the attraction from chapel

· Encourage people to participate in chapel indoor activities with encouraging lighting

Horton Chapel

Lighting Design Proposal for Major Design Peoject

Stage 1 - Preparation & Briefing

1.3 Daylight and Sunlight Analysis

1.3.1 Daylight Analysis

To assess daylight availability of the chapel, the daylight

According to En 17037 p.13-15, the Median External Diffuse Illuminance (E, med) of one year which is used to calculate the median illuminance from daylight for this chapel is 14100 Lux referenced the data of London, which means to gain an illuminance by daylight at 100/300/500, the required DF is 0.71%, 2.13%, and 3.55%.

From the left Daylight Factor simulation results we can see, the assigned area has generally had daylight factor between 2.5%5.3%, which means the presence of natural light in the chapel is considered to fulfill the needs of daily tasks. So must of the area will be installed with daylight linking. However, in the diagram, we can see the deeper area such as where between the cafe and exhibition could not gain adequate daylight which means electric lighting needs to be on during the day in this area while a balance between daylight and artificial light needs to be kept when the weather changes dynamically.

Also in the theatre and teaching area, with only one-side windows, the uniformities need to be improved while the roof light imports the daylight in the room but also creates a reduction of uniformity.

Horton Chapel

Lighting Design Proposal for Major Design Peoject

Stage 1 - Preparation & Briefing

1.3 Daylight and Sunlight Analysis

1.3.2 Solar Analysis

Summer Solstice - June 21st

Winter Solstice - Dec. 21st Autumnal Equinox - Sept. 21st

Direct Sunlight Penetration (lux)

To evaluate how the direct sunlight works on the Horton Chapel, sunlight positions were illustrated during the opening, mid-day, and afternoon hour at summer solstice day, winter solstice day, and equinox day, and the direct sunlight penetration of these nine moments were calculated by Rhino Diva 4 with .epw data of London, From sun path diagrams, the daylight time of a day varies greatly in the four seasons with relatively low solar altitude which may cause glare during spring, autumn or winter. And with useful illuminance indicated in the above figures. With a thick roof, there are no significant thermal problems like overheating.

Direct sunlight penetration results show the possible place of unfavorable illuminance. In order to avoid the discomfort caused by sunlight entering from the southeast facade, partial shading devices can be used to avoid the strong brightness contrast in the room. Full shaded curtains need to be installed in the theater to ensure the performance experience. Diffusers can be set on the north side of the chapel to provide more uniform interior lighting. All three kinds of curtains should join the building control system.