Environmental Design Portfolio

ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN STUDIO Primary School Design Instructor : Ar. Shoumik Desai

Rachana Bhandarkar Semester 8 | Spring 2021 | NU17UAR020 Nitte Institute of Architecture

PRIMARY SCHOOL

A fresh start Amidst the chaos of the pandemic We were given the task of designing a school which is not only aesthetic, Packed with sustainable cooling techniques it had to be The project really did challenge me.

The thought of happy kids playing around kept me going And the design slowly started growing, After numerous breakdowns came some relief When I finally came up with something that met the design brief.

The thought of having such big towers in my design did seem absurd But my thoughts changed when it’s advantages I heard.

Slowly began the process of adding more techniques Like green roofs, landscape and checking all the leaks.

Right orientation, aspect ratio and insulation was the solution To a nearly perfect design that would make significant contributions Towards sustainability and energy efficiency.

That would create a building with self sufficiency Days passed, weeks passed All the discomfort we surpassed And successfully designed a school Which isn’t only aesthrtic but also ‘cool’.

07/06/2021

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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CONTENTS

PRIMARY SCHOOL

07/06/2021

01

Introduction to the site

02

Site and Climate Analysis

03

Design Conception

04

Detail Drawings

05

Water Cycle

06

References

Site analysis, area statements and basic analysis of the site.

Detail climate analysis, selection of passive startegies.

Zoning, Massing, Space functions and conceptual sketches of the spaces to be included.

Plans, sections and elevations of the building

Understanding the ways to save water based on the water consumption.

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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PRIMARY SCHOOL

PROJECT INFO :

Design of an unconventional open school for primary kids from standard 1 to standard 5.

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design.

Composite Temperature : 25 - 34 degree celsius Rainfall : 970mm

SIT E AREA

:

Built Up area : 2554 sq.m

BUILDING T Y PO LOGY

:

Institutional - Primary School

N O. O F ST U DEN T S

:

No. of boys : 400 No. of girls : 400 Total : 800

SITE ANALYSIS : DIMENSIONS The below map shows the dimensions of the site, and the area of the entire site is approximately 15000 sq.m.

ACCESIBILITY The site is well connected on all four sides, with the NH7 on the east and a service road connecting it to the main road.

SETBACKS According to the by laws, the minimum setback to be maintained are 5m on all sides.

.6

SE

78

Bettahalasur is town in Bangalore Urban district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Bettahalasur was known for stone quarrying but recently the quarrying activity has been stopped. The site is surrounded by residential area on three sides and The NH 7 on one side.

SITE

SITE

N AT

ION

AL

HIG

HW

RE SID EN TIA L

168

160

S I T E A R EA 15000sq.m

AY

7

40

13

SI TE

AD

:

RO

C L IMAT E

E

Bangalore, India

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

IC

:

CONTOURS The contours on the site are slightly sloping downwards towards the south.

RV

LOCATION

SITE DETAILS

42.7

B E T TA

H

CROS ALSUR

D S ROA

Tw o w a y a cc e ss ro a d O n e w a y a cc e ss ro a d

INFERENCE : Bettahalasur is town in Bangalore Urban district in the Indian state of Karnataka. Bettahalasur was known for stone quarrying but recently the quarrying activity has been stopped. The site is surrounded by residential area on three sides and The NH 7 on one side.

07/06/2021

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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PRIMARY SCHOOL

CLIMATE DETAILS :

The graphs below show the monthly weather averages over the year.

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

Temperature Range | Source - Climate Consultant Avg Daily (F)

Avg Daily Low (F)

CLIMATE ANALYSIS

DESIGN STRATEGIES FROM JANUARY TO DECEMBER : 100% comfortable hours using the following design strategies can be acheived.

Avg Daily High (F)

100

75

50

25

0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Oct

Nov

Dec

Radiation Range | Source - Climate Consultant Avg Daily High (Btu/sq.ft)

Avg Daily Low (Btu/sq.ft)

400

300

200

100

0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Total Surface Radiation

Source : Climate consultant

INFERENCES :

Adding of layers of insulation to provide thermal comfort within the building.

Incorporporating sunshades, and suitable projections enough shading 1 can be provided.

07/06/2021

From the Psychrometric chart we arrive with the following Design strategies which help in maintaining the comfort zone of both the building as well as humans.

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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PRIMARY SCHOOL

07/06/2021

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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PRIMARY SCHOOL

MASSING :

The massing has been done in such a way that there is maximum accessibility to all the spaces and the creation of thermally comfortable spaces id possible.

MASSING AND ZONING

MASSING :

The massing has been done in such a way that there is maximum accessibility to all the spaces and the creation of thermally comfortable spaces id possible.

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

B

PARKING

A

SERVICES

A’

SERVICES

CLASSROOMS AUDITORIUM

MASSING :

The massing has been done in such a way that there is maximum accessibility to all the spaces and the creation of thermally comfortable spaces id possible.

ADMIN

AY

7

WORKSHOP

ION

AL

HIG

HW

CANTEEN

N AT

Stairways and toilets oriented to the east and west inorder to minimize on the heat gain.

GREEN SPACE

Placement of blocks in such a way that classrooms recieve least amount of noise.

FFL +3.45 m

BET

TA H

AL

3

9

15m

Cl a s s rooms

L i b ra r y

Ad mi n

Op e n S p a c e

Works h op s

Corri d or

S t a ff rooms

Aud i t ori um

Internal courtyard that provides cool air through courtyard effect.

GFL +0.45 m A S RO

0

Internal green spaces to promote communication and acts as parking spots too.

PARKING

S CRO SUR

B’

D

S e c t i on AA’ EN

A TR

NC

E

S e c t i on B B’ 0

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Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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9

15m

7

PRIMARY SCHOOL

FORM :

The form of the design should be derived to result in the perimeter/area ration.

It is observed that,

Since the P/A ratio of circle is the least, it is the most optimum form preferred for the design.

ASPECT RATIO :

The aspect ratio of an image is the ratio of its width to its height.

PASSIVE STRATEGIES

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

NATURAL VENTILATION : Natural ventilation is the use of wind and thermal buoyancy to create air movement in and out of your home without the use of mechanical systems, with the goal of bringing fresh air into your home. During nighttime in the summer months natural ventilation can provide free cooling and reduce your home energy use.

PASSIVE COOLING STRATEGIES : Bangalore has a composie climate that is a mixture of hot and dry and warm and humid, so inorder to maintain thermal comfort all throughout the year, the following passive strategies can be implimented.

• PDEC Towers • Natural Ventilation • Roof Gardens PDEC TOWERS : Passive downdraught evaporative cooling (PDEC) is a representative term that is defined as a passive and low energy technique for cooling and ventilating spaces in hot, dry climates Louvers to catch Warm Air

1 2

The aspect ratio is preferred to be 1:2 that will reduce the overall heat gain.

WINDOW TO FLOOR RATIO (WFR)

WFR = Area of the Window/ Area of the floor.

According to the referrence it can be concluded that if the WFR is less than 10% , it is favourable for the spaces and if it is more than 25% it can cause over lighting of a space.

Earthen pots filled with water placed in the path of air flow are traditional thechniques of passive evaporative cooling.

Nozzles can be used to spray water or mist to cool incoming air sucked by PDEC tower.

ROOF GARDEN : A roof garden is a garden on the roof of a building. Besides the decorative benefit, roof plantings may provide food, temperature control, hydrological benefits, architectural enhancement.

ORIENTATION :

The building is oriented in such a way that the longer side is in the North - South direction that promoted the entrance of diffused sunlight and good amount of air within the building.

Also, provision for interclass mingling has been made.

INLET

4

07/06/2021

WORKING : Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building which then reduces energy consumption. Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration, do not rise more than 4–5 °C (7–9 °F) above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. Aside from rooftop gardens providing resistance to thermal radiation, rooftop gardens are also beneficial in reducing rain run off.

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

OUTLET

WORKING : The device consists of single or multiple towers equipped with a water/vapor supply placed on the top. During the constant injection of water, droplets descend through the tower and conditions close to saturation along its length. Cool air descends the tower and exits at its base where it is delivered to the adjacent spaces.

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MOODBOARD 07/06/2021

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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PRIMARY SCHOOL

MATERIAL MOOD BOARD

50mm XPS 15mm cement plaster 75mm CSEB Blocks

150 mm RCC

50 mm XPS 75 mm CSEB Blocks

20 mm XPS 25 mm Cement Plaster

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

100 mm RCC

Lintel Details

25 mm Cement Plaster

Double Glazed glasses Double Glazed Glass 100 mm RCC 25 mm Cement Plaster 15 mm Cement Plaster 75 mm CSEB blocks

Sill Details

Aluminium Frame

18 mm Kadappa stones 10 mm Cement Mortar 10 mm Polymer

10 mm Cement Plaster

90 mm Polyurethane 150 mm RCC Slab Source : CARBSE tool and ECBC 2017

25 mm Cement Plaster

Roof Details

Wall assembly

Roof Gardens

07/06/2021

Exposed concrete

Exposed Concrete

Pavements

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

Material Board

CSEB Blocks

15 mm Cement Plaster

Jaali Walls

PRIMARY SCHOOL

ROOF PLAN SCALE 1:500

PRIMARY SCHOOL

07/06/2021

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LEGEND

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

Green Roof Softscape Hardscape Service road NH 7 Primary Roads Main Entrance Service Entrance 0

20

45

100m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

GROUND FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:500

PRIMARY SCHOOL

LEGEND

07/06/2021

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

0

20

Classrooms Staff Rooms Washrooms

12

Auditorium Admin Principal’s Cabin Vice-Principal’s Cabin Canteen Library Activity room Workshop Playground Car Parking Multipurpose Play Area Central Courtyard Bus Parking Area

45

100m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

CLASSROOM BLOCK PLAN - Ground Floor SCALE 1:100

PRIMARY SCHOOL

Key Plan

07/06/2021

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Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

LEGEND 1 2 3 4

Classrooms

0

5

Staffrooms

5 6

Auditorium Central Courtyard

Washrooms

Inlet Tower

Multipurpose Play Area

Outlet Tower

10

20 m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

CLASSROOM BLOCK PLAN - First Floor SCALE 1:100

PRIMARY SCHOOL

Key Plan

LEGEND 07/06/2021

1 2 3

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

Classrooms 14 Staffrooms Washrooms Inlet Tower Outlet Tower

0

5

10

20 m

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

PRIMARY SCHOOL

BLOCK B PLAN SCALE 1:100

PRIMARY SCHOOL

LEGEND

07/06/2021

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

Admin Principal’s Cabin

Key Plan

Vice-Principal’s Cabin Library Canteen Kitchen

15

Activity Area Workshops Inlet Tower Outlet Tower

0

5

10

20 m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

SECTIONS SCALE 1:100

PRIMARY SCHOOL LVL +12.45

LVL +9.45 LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45 LVL +0.30

SECTION AA’

LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45 07/06/2021

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Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

LVL +0.45

SECTION BB’ 0

3

9

15m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

SECTIONS SCALE 1:100

PRIMARY SCHOOL LVL +12.45 LVL +9.45 LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45 LVL +0.45

SECTION CC’ B LVL +9.45

Glass Louvers Louvered Windows

Water Sprinkler

B

C’

D Outlet Tower

Charcoal tray for air purification

Inlet Tower

LVL +3.45

LVL +0.45 LVL +0.0

A

CSEB Blocks

LVL +6.45

LVL +1.45

C

07/06/2021

SECTION THROUGH CLASSROOM Scale 1:20

C

B’ A’

A

Perforated Opening Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar Jali Wall

17

Louvered windows Pit to collect water

0

3

9

15m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

ELEVATIONS - 01 SCALE 1:100

LVL +12.45

LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +3.45

LVL +0.45

ELEVATION AT A A The materials used in the design have been chosen to provide thermal comfort within. Also the additon of sitting walls, wider entrances and jali openings facilitate in broadening outdoor interactions.

B Wider Entrances

Sitting walls

Larger windows

Key Plan

LVL +12.45 LVL +9.45

LVL +3.45 LVL +1.2

ELEVATION AT B 0

3

9

15m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

ELEVATIONS - 02 SCALE 1:100

LVL +9.45

LVL +6.45 LVL +4.35 LVL +3.45 LVL +0.45

ELEVATION AT C The multiple possible arrangements of this katte enables the students to use these for different purposes like playing, exhibiting their work or as a platform for performing.

C

Arrangement 1

Arrangement 2

D

Arrangement 3

Key Plan

LVL +12.45 LVL +9.45 LVL +7.35 LVL +6.45 LVL +5.0 LVL +3.45 LVL +1.2 LVL +0.45

ELEVATION AT D 0

3

9

15m

PRIMARY SCHOOL

WATER CYCLE

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit, aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps down and restores the ground water.

WATER CYCLE

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

Single line diagram of the net zero water strategies in the school building to identify the sources of greywater, blackwater and ways to recycle it.

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

Approx water that can be collected = Rainfall (mm) x Roof area (Sq.m) = 970 x 3496 ~ 33,91,120 L

Pump

Sinks Rain

Filter Screen Roof Overhead Tank Tank dimensions = 5x4x2m C~38000L

Treated water storage

Cooking

Chlorination

Filter Screen

Filtration

Municipality supply

Grey water storage C~10000L

Storage Tank Tank dimensions = 5x4x2m C~38000L

Filtration LEGEND Reused Water Potable Water Grey Water Black Water

Overflow

Pump

07/06/2021

Toilet

Landscape

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

Black water storage C~10000L

Compost

20

STRATEGIES TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMPTION :

Water pressures and the dangers lack of adequate water of appropriate quality poses for people, industry, and ecosystems, have been time and again highlighted in several reports. However, the main aim behind highlighting the issues remain same – Water conservation is the need of the hour.

PRIMARY SCHOOL

WATER SAVING FIXTURES

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

Keeping this in mind the startegies adopted are • Installing low pressure valves • Efficient toilets • Submeter irrigation LOW PRESSURE VALVES :

VACUUM ASSIST TOILETS :

GREYWATER TREATMENT :

High water pressures waste a lot of water. Installing water pressure reducing valves turn out to be one great solution. In this way, it protects the downstream plumbing system components as well as reduces the water consumption.

Vacuum toilets are flush toilets that use suction for the removal of faeces and urine resulting in a minimal requirement of water (0.5 to 1.5 litres).

Most grey water is easier to treat and recycle than sewage because of lower levels of contaminants.

Working : • Aeration occurs in two basic steps: • Air is drawn into the water stream, breaking the stream into a flow of tiny droplets mixed with air.

• The mixture of air and water passes through a screen, further mixing the air and water and evenly spreading out the resulting stream.

• Installation of these fixtures reduces water consumption by one third the original.

Working : • The user pushes the push-button, the interface valve is opened and the wastewater is evacuated. Air, which also helps to transport the waste, is also sucked into the system. At the same time, the clean water valve is opened and rinsing water is sprayed into the bowl.

• The vacuum valve is closed but the water valve remains open. A small amount of fresh water is sprayed into the bowl.

• The water valve is closed, a small volume of clean water is retained in the bowl and the toilet is ready for use again.

• According to the EPA, installing water conservation toilets can reduce toilet water usage by 20 to 60 percent

Working : • Typically, aerobic and biological treatments are used as primary greywater treatment to remove dissolved and suspended biological matter, followed by ultra-filtration to prevent particles, bacteria and viruses of passing through.

• Ultimately, greywater can be disinfected with ultraviolet and/ or chlorination, to ensure residual disinfection at point-ofuse.

• The results from the study pointed on potential saving of 28.7–34.8% potable water for greywater reuse alone, and 39.2–42.7% when combined with rainwater harvesting

Result Because the aerator limits the water flow through the faucet, water usage is reduced compared to the same duration of flow without an aerator. In the case of hot water, because less water is used, less heat energy is used.

Result Due to the fact that the effluent has a high organic matter content, vacuum toilets are specifically adapted for the use in combination with separate greywater and blackwater treatment; or aerobic digestion treatment for biogas production.

Result Reducing demands on potable sources of freshwater. Eliminating the need for building larger wastewater treatment systems. wastewater discharged.

Aerator Assembly

Washer

07/06/2021

Screen Disc/ Screen Cover

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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PRIMARY SCHOOL

TOTAL ANNUAL WATER CONSUMPTION IN THE BUILDING :

WATER SAVING FIXTURES

The curiculum includes formal education and hands on experiential learning. To help facilitate this module of learning, formal classrooms as well as workshop spaces are incorporated in the design

To understand the net consumption of water in the building.

WATER CONSUMPTION CALCULATIONS SL. NO.

USERS

NO. OF PEOPLE

DOMESTIC

FLUSHING

TOTAL

TOTAL

(Litres/head/day)

(Litres/head/day)

(Litres/head/day)

(Litres/user/day)

1

Students

400

20

25

45

18,000

2

Teachers

27

20

25

45

1215

3

Admin and staff

6

20

25

45

270

4

Principal and Vice Principal

2

20

25

45

90

5

Canteen

400

70

28,000

Green Roof Softscape

47,575

TOTAL CONSUMPTION PER DAY

Hardscape 1,20,36,475

TOTAL CONSUMPTION ANUALLY EXCLUSING VACATIONS AND SUNDAYS

Service road NH 7 Primary Roads

RAIN WATER HARVESTING CALCULATIONS

0

20

45

Main Entrance

100m

Service Entrance SL.NO

TYPE OF CATCHMENT

TOTAL AREA

RUNOFF CO EFFICIENT

(sq. meters)

(%)

ANNUAL RAINFALL

TOTAL VOLUME

TOTAL VOLUME

(cu.m)

(Litres)

1

Terrace

770

0.7

0.97

523

52300

2

Green Roof

1790

0.3

0.97

521

52100

3

Hardscape

2200

0.7

0.97

1494

149400

Comparative study between the different consumption levels of water.

1400000 1200000 1000000 800000

4

Softscape

8750

0.3

0.97

2546

254600

600000

TOTAL AREA

13,510

TOTAL RAINWATER COLLECTED ANUALLY

5084

5,08,400 400000

Net Annual Water Consumption = Annual water consumption - Annual Rainwater Harvesting = 1,20,36,475 - 5,08,400

0

= 1,15,28,075 litres 07/06/2021

200000

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

Annual Water Consumption (L)

Net Water Consumption (L)

Annual Rain water harversting (L)

22

PRIMARY SCHOOL

bhandarkarrachana25@gmail.com 07/06/2021

Environmental Design Studio Portfolio | Spring 2021 | Rachana Bhandarkar

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