Y5 Project // Unit 14 : Nicholas Szczepaniak + Wen Ying Teh
Building Design
ARCT 1058/59 20 23 / 20 24
Research Institutes for Marine Meteorology
University of Greenwich
EXOSPHERE
THERMOSPHERE
STRATOSPHERE MESOSPHERE
TROPOSPHERE
OZONE LAYER
KARMAN LINE
EXOBASE
Uncovers | The Boundary Layer
An Initial visionary collage in response to the brief, addressing the interest in exploring the intricate interplay between air pressure and atmospheric conditions. Through a series of systematic experiments and analyses, I’ll be testing the phenomenal characteristics of the boundary layer associated with air pressure.
My journey seeks to unveil how air pressure responds to variations in temperature, humidity, and other atmospheric factors, ultimately contributing to a deeper understanding of these complex interactions within the Earth’s atmosphere. The insights gained from this investigation have the potential to impact various fields.
Images printed at postcard format that describe the characteristics and the impact of my chosen Atmospheric interest.
- Haruhiko Kawaguchi
Air Pressure A Visionary Collage
While gravity and temperature are the fundamental drivers of air pressure, the interplay of additional factors like Air density, Humidity and Altitude also contribute to variations in air pressure that occur in different locations and atmospheric conditions.
. Temperature
Uneven heating by the Sun creates pressure differences.
As air warms, pressure and density drop. Wind moves from high to low-pressure zones due to the Earth’s warmer equator compared to the poles.
. Altitude In the Earth’s atmosphere, pressure decreases with altitude.
Lower altitudes has higher pressure as the air above compresses, creating higher pressure at the surface and lower pressure at higher altitudes.
. Altitude & Elevation
Air pressure is lower at higher altitudes, higher at lower altitudes
Any Additional Factors? |
Answering questions . .
Various factors beyond gravity and temperature also play a role in the fluctuation of air pressure across diverse locations and atmospheric conditions.
. Coriolis Effect
The Coriolis effect, caused by the Earth’s rotation, influences the direction of winds. This can contribute to the formation of areas of high and low pressure. . Wind Pattern Wind can influence air pressure patterns
. Humidity Humid air has lower density and lower air pressure compared to dry air at the same temperature and altitude.
. Geographical Location
The distribution of land and water, and the presence of mountains and valleys, can impact air pressure patterns.
Coastal areas may experience different pressure patterns than inland regions.
An abstract Illustration on the key variables effecting air pressure.
Axis Tilt / Obliquity
When air flows over a surface, the interaction between the moving air and the surface creates a boundary layer (Dynamic fluid phenomena occur)
Within this layer, the velocity of the air changes from zero at the surface (due to the no-slip condition) to the free-stream velocity away from the surface. This change in velocity is gradual, and it’s accompanied by a gradient in pressure and temperature.
An abstract geometrical determination on air movement due to pressure gradient.
Illustrating the dynamic movement of air in response to atmospheric pressure gradients highlighting the intricate patterns and flows influenced by pressure differentials in the atmosphere.
The Earth Rotates Eastwards.
Importance?
BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE
Prototypes on Air Pressure |
Series
Prototypes on Air Pressure
Trampoline Landscape |
First Experimentation on Air Pressure
I conducted my first experiment to create a colossal version of bubble wrap using cling film. This experiment aims to provide insights into the fundamental principles of air pressure related to the iconic packaging material.
As part of this investigation, am particularly intrigued by how the air bubbles and individual air particles collaboratively function to absorb and distribute shock from various knocks and bumps. The exceptional quality of the best bubble wrap for moving lies in its ability to ensure that no single air bubble bears the full brunt of an impact. Instead, these bubbles work harmoniously to share the pressure, enhancing their collective shock-absorbing prowess.
Side Elevation
The folded edges along the perimeter were sealed effectively by running the iron over them for about 10-20 seconds.
Subsequently, affixed the resulting structure to a cellophane tape base and trimmed away
This procedure was repeated with various sizes of cookie cutters to explore the diverse dimensions of the colossal bubble wrap.
Exploring the corelation between air pressure and air temperature and unraveling the interplay of these elemental forces.
Aetherial Flamescape |
. envisioned on creating a table lamp (Aetherial Flamscape) powered by candles, merging it with an experiment akin to the principles of a hot air balloon, exploring the connection between air pressure and air temperature.
To begin, I’ll first undertake an experiment to construct and evaluate a miniature hot air balloon primarily aiming to assess its functionality and delve into the underlying principles of hot air balloon theory, particularly how air temperature influences air pressure.
. . Into The Atmosphere the balloon will leave the Troposphere and enter the Stratosphere. When the balloon finally reaches 100,000 feet and greater, it expands and pops, sending the balloon and experiment back down to the ground.
. At Launch
After launch, the clear plastic polyethylene skin of the balloon stretches vertically with a small helium bubble at the top.
As it ascends, buoyancy lift surpasses weight, achieving equilibrium with aerodynamic drag, known as free lift.
Principle of Aerostatics | Physics of Gas and Buoyancy
. .
Explore the theory of aerostatics delving into the fundamental physics of gases and buoyancy reminiscent of the enchanting flight principles employed in hot air balloons.
. At Altitude
The expanding helium, influenced by atmospheric pressure changes, fills out the balloon skin.
While the helium cools due to expansion, solar heating warms the plastic, indirectly warming the helium through internal convection.
. Upthrust from
In aerostatic equilibrium, the upthrust on a
polyethylene
Stratospheric Balloon
Aetherial Flamescape |
Table Lamp powered by candles
Proceeding from the experiment my upcominng proposed project revolves around the creation of a table lamp named “Aetherial Flamscape,” powered by candles will present a digital model overview of the “Aetherial Flamscape” table lamp, building upon the insights gained from the preceding experiment.
It’s Appearance |
Application of Materials
A brass rod gracefully wraps around the base and curves up to form a lever - like stand, which cradles the plastic envelope.
The thread holds and ties onto the envelope’s 4 corners, while a stainless steel magnetic ball clamps the thread to the base providing stability, and ensuring it remains in position as it gently rises.
The LDPE plastic envelope traps the heat from burning candles, causing the air inside to warm, reducing air pressure, and creating buoyancy, akin to hot air balloon ascent principles.
MDF wood base tailored to hold nine tea light candles, serving as both a source of light and a central element of the
How It Works? |
Composition
The approach of the Table lamp was influenced by the work of famous sculptor Alexander Calder this piece combines the delicacy of sculpture with the functionality of lighting. Each element is meticulously crafted, allowing the viewer to embark on a visual journey that transcends mere illumination. The overal composition credits the minimal nature of the Bauhaus era where form follows function and less is more. The style is characterized by a lack of ornament and a focus on clean lines that reduce forms to their essential elements.
| Table Lamp - Aetherial Flamscape
The art work “Aetherial Flamescape” is a Table Lamp powered by candles driven by the concept of hot air balloon. Exploring its potential applications in design and functionality.
‘‘ The sculpture then becomes in one sense a machine, and as such it will be necessary to design it as a machine, so that the moving parts shall have a reasonable ruggedness. The mechanical element must never control the aesthetic. Much better a poor machine and a good sculpture. ”
“ There is of course a close alliance between physics and aesthetics. ”
- Alexander Calder. Spider. 1939
In the making
3D Printing (Nylon) & Painting in Black
Hinge Improvement (Rhino)
(Rhino)
RACHAEL CHEONG
Deploy - Setting up the candle-based heating system.
Post Flight - Exhibiting the kale-like melted texture.
Clip on the envolope (Deploy)
Lift up the envolope Light up the candles
Cover the envolope over it
Charging the hot air (Launch) Securing the thread on 4 corners
Releasing the clips Shorten and lift the stand
Inflating at 100% hot air
of the candles
2 Storey Stone Keeper’s House, The East block was once a herritage visitor center Engine Room
Lizard Lighthouse
YHA Lizard Point (Holiday Cottage)
Proposing a Research Institute |
. Immediate
. Global Relevance
Accidification
Floods
Storms
Illustrating rising sea levels, more droughts, higher temperatures and more flooding as some of the effects of climate change in Lizard Point, Cornwall.
The Institute of Marine Sciences is dedicated to research in oceanology. This small campus welcomes researchers to study the preservation of the sea.
Two themes were at the heart of our reflection: hospitality and context; specifically the Mediterranean environment. Situated on the coast, the project houses a program of accommodation and workspaces.
The Salk Institute is dedicated to research in molecular biology and genetics, it is home to a highly collaborative cadre of scientists who delve into a broad range of research areas, from aging, cancer and immunology to diabetes, brain science and plant biology.
The institute is known for its functional laboratories and striking aesthetics. It features open, easily upgradable laboratory spaces with an innovative layout inspired by a monastery.
The facility fosters inter-institutional collaboration and serves as a national resource for coastal education.
The building’s design minimizes its impact on fragile wetlands, using a bent bar form aligned with the landscape. Elevated on a plinth to avoid flooding, it encourages interaction and features public spaces on lower levels, with private research spaces above.
The institute employs an on-site wastewater treatment system, collects rainwater for non-potable use, and utilizes a unique geothermal heat pump system using a public well water line for renewable energy, avoiding potential harm to local aquifers.
. Program
Data Buoys
Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory
Plymouth Marine Laboratory By Mitchell Architects
. Key Facilities 4200 m2 | Institue for Marine Science
PML is a registered charity and a partner of the UK Research & Innovation’s Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
Research activity at PML broadly investigates globalscale issues of climate change and sustainability. Their research is aimed at finding solutions to issues like climate change, ocean acidification, pollution, and overexploitation of marine resources.
- 170 Staff
- 30 Students
Lecture Theatre
• 200 seat capacity (250m2)
Molecular Matrix
Laboratory to study and culturing marine organisms (viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi and plankton)
Mesocosm
• Sixteen 1m3 tanks, Eight 750 Litre Tanks
• Temp. controlled environment (5-20°C)
• Gas control systems for CO2 and oxygen
High Performace Computing
• Powerhouse for scientific computing, enabling researchers to perform complex simulations, and analyze vast amounts of data in marine science.
Smart Sound Laboratory
• Serves as a one - stop shop for scientists and engineers to design, build, test, and calibrate the advanced equipment for marine research.
Research Vessels
• PML’s research vessel facility provides them with the flexibility to conduct research across various distances and environments at sea. The Plymouth Quest is suited for longer expeditions and broader data collection, while the PML Explorer is ideal for quick deployments and operations closer to shore.
Data Buoys
• PML’s data buoys collect ocean data in the English Channel, contributing to a long-term record for environmental monitoring.
Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory
• Study how the ocean and atmosphere interact, contributing to the Western Channel Observatory.
BeaconByte | Research Institute
Proposing a research institute dedicated for Marine Meteorology.
Meteorology is the science that studies the Earth’s atmosphere and its phenomena, with a particular focus on weather and weather forecasting.
Marine Meteorology is a subfield of Meteorology, that deals with weather and climate, honing specifically towards oceanographic conditions in the marine environments and the interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere.
They study the weather patterns over the ocean to better understand how they interact with water and how they impact the climate.
This is the foundation for understanding the exchange processes.
Data from buoys, ships, and satellites helps create comprehensive models of this interaction. Flux measurements are particularly important as they quantify the amount of heat exchange, moisture, and momentum between the ocean and atmosphere. This helps predict weather patterns and ocean currents.
Systems Here, the team acts as a weather detective for the ocean.
Studying how different weather systems like tropical and mid-latitude cyclones impact the ocean is crucial for safety at sea. By understanding their formation, movement, and intensity, forecasts can be issued to inform coastal communities on potential hazards and warn ships to choose safer routes and avoid rough seas. Climate Change
This is a critical area with long-term implications.
Monitoring long-term changes in sea surface temperature, salinity, and circulation patterns provides crucial data for understanding and predicting the impacts of climate change.
Ocean acidification is a serious threat to marine ecosystems. Research in this area helps us understand the potential consequences and develop strategies to mitigate the effects.
Sea level rise is a major concern for coastal communities. By monitoring changes in sea level, researchers can help develop adaptation plans to protect vulnerable areas.
Biogeochemistry This area connects the ocean’s chemistry and biology with the atmosphere.
This area explores the chemical interactions between the ocean and atmosphere, including the exchange of vital gases like CO2.
Understanding nutrient cycling and phytoplankton blooms is essential for maintaining healthy marine ecosystems, as they are the base of the marine food chain and play a role in capturing atmospheric CO2.
Programme Proposal |
Amphitheatre |
BeaconByte Research Institute
. .
This Amphitheatre draws upon my previous experimental prototype, the “Aetherial Flamscape,” a table lamp powered by candles and principles akin to hot air balloons.
I envision an amphitheater nestled within a structure. Above this amphitheater, a vast, translucent ETFE bubble envolope – similar to the material used in the prototype – This “bubble” encloses a designated space along its perimeter would house an educational exhibits related to marine meteorology, offering visitors an immersive learning experience.
The Silver Stream Span |
BeaconByte Research Institute
This bridge draws upon my previous experimental prototype, the “Breezescape Interchange,” an exploration on air pressure manipulation.
The bridge features a colossal (10m x 10m) inflatable pillow structures on both side. These “floating pillows” act as buoyant supports, balancing the weight of the 150-meter-long and 4-meter-wide elefant grating bridge structure.
