COTÉ NORD - North Side Stories: Projections

projections

côté

Nord

STUDIO FACULTY TEAM

STUDIO PARTICIPANTS

GUEST CRITICS

Viviana d’Auria

Marlies Aerts

Luce Beeckmans (UGent)

Racha Daher

Anshu Ahuja

Koen Berghmans

Bruno De Meulder

Maher Nimer Alabed

Marie-Anais Bluteau (Up 4 North)

Mahmoud Alsalti

Oana Bogdan (Bogdan & Van Broeck)

PUBLICATION EDITORS

Wossen Gebreyohannes Balcha

Benoit Burquel (Real Estate Architecture)

Racha Daher

Xavier Ordóñez Carpio

Marine Declève (Metrolab)

Viviana d’Auria

Wendy Elizabeth Chavez Paez

Loubna Ebrahmi (Maison des Citoyens)

Manola Colabianchi

Hala El Moussawi (VUB – Migration Expert)

MORE INFO ?

Nathan De Feyter

Luis Angel Flores Hernandez (OSA – KUL)

MAHS / MAUSP / EMU Master Programs

Aikaterini Sofia Eleftheriou

Sotiria Kornaropoulou (51N4E)

Department ASRO, KU Leuven Kasteelpark

Brenda Grace Njoki Kamande

Julie Marin (OSA – KUL)

Arenberg 1, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

Amina Kaskar

Stephanie Marques (Platforme des Citoyens)

Tel: + 32(0)16 321 391

Mathias Lamberts

Jeanne Mosseray (VUB / KUL)

Email: info@mahsmausp.be

Lucas Lerchs

Marianita Palumbo (ENSASE)

Yu-Hsin Liu

Petra Pferdmenges (Alive Architecture)

Shauni Marchand

Eliana Rosa de Queiroz Barbosa (OSA – KUL)

Clara Medina García

Elisabetta Cinzia Rosa (UCL)

Olivia Missiaen

Kelly Shannon (KUL)

Thi Thuy Nguyen

Nadia Somekh (Mackenzie University)

Nadia Nusrat

Jeroen Stevens (OSA – KUL)

Kofoworola Modupe Osunkoya

Min Tang (OSA – KUL)

Angelica Palumbo

Ward Verbakel (Plus Office)

Hongxia Pu

Els Vervloesem (AWB)

Fareeha Sheikh

Laura Vescina (BUUR)

© Copyright by KU Leuven Without written permission of the promotors and the authors it is forbidden to reproduce or adapt in any form or by any means any part of this publication. Requests for obtaining the right to reproduce or utilize parts of this publication should be addressed to KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering – Kasteelpark Arenberg 1, B-3001 Heverlee (België). Telefoon +32-16-32 13 50 & Fax. +32-16-32 19 88.

A written permission of the promotor is also required to use the methods, products, schematics and programs described in this work for industrial or commercial use, and for submitting this publication in scientific contests. All images in this booklet are, unless credits are given, made or drawn by the authors (North Side Stories, Concepts and Analysis, Fall 2017 Studio).

Maria Skordouli Yuying Sun

SPECIAL THANKS

Mara Tomulescu

Kristiaan Borret (Brussels Bouwmeester)

Georgina Nathalena Jeanetta ‘Jani’ Truter

The Living Lab at the WTC24

Marrije Van den Eynde

Tine Van Herck (KUL)

Sarah Van de Velde

Violette Baudet (KUL)

Maarten Van Hulle

Jeroen Stevens (OSA-KUL)

Yuxi Wu

Stéphane Arcens (Maison des Citoyens)

Mariia Zakharova

Loubna Ebrahmi (Maison des Citoyens) Hala El Moussawi (VUB – Migration Expert)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank: - The Brussels Bouwmeester Kristiaan Borret for attending, sharing his thoughts with us and engaging in discussion.

- The Living Lab at the World Trade Center for allowing us to be part of the experimental space WTC24, where we occupied a vacant floor and shared it with 7 other architecture studios. We would like to also thank all the coordinators of the space for the organization that went into it.

- Tine Van Herck and Violette Baudet from the Department of Architecture at St. Lucas for the fruitful workshops we had together, where our students and theirs had a chance to collaborate and exchange ideas.

- Jeroen Stevens for his support throughout the semester.

- All the guest critics and invited presenters who took time out of their schedules to share their knowledge with us.

- The participants for their hard work and progress throughout the semester.

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North Side Stories Brussels Viviana d’Auria, Racha Daher, and Bruno De Meulder Fall 2017 - Master of Human Settlements, Master of Urbanism and Strategic Planning, KU Leuven

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Introduction 3

The upstream Zenne floodplain has had, from inception, quite a turbulent development history. This might have to do with its inherent contradictory spatial characteristics. It was originally an unsuitable swampy soil that nonetheless accommodated the busy connection to the seaport of Antwerp. Ultimately, Brussels originated on the site where the navigability of the Zenne ends, where water and road transport alternate. It became a place of trans-shipping with all that this entails and generates in its slipstream: port, quays, trading houses, workers’ accommodation, and industries. For the hours when industry and trade ceases in the night, recreation begins, among which the red lights take over.

The historic city of Brussels that forms the shape of a pentagon, historically a walled city, is partially (its western half) located in this floodplain running North-South. This forms the larger landscape morphology, that makes up the valley where the watershed of the Zenne River lies. As the river became insufficient for economic purposes, and as transport modi modernized and changed based on the rhythm of technological innovation, the upstream floodplain was continuously reshuffled by infrastructural upgrades and shifts: river transport was transferred to a canal (by the late middle ages), the canal extended and then brought in competition with railways and its apparatus of yards, rankings, stations and the like.

The railway in turn was challenged by a widened sea channel and deep sea docks, quays, warehouses and customs installations.

Electrification of railways just preceded the generalized use of cars and trucks, while boulevards turned into urban motorways, that doubled with viaducts to increase economic efficiency, further expanding the city. Throughout this process of infrastructural sequencing, all sharing the North-South axis and competing in function, the river is further covered for insalubrious reasons, erasing a major morphological identity of the city. The North Quarter serves as a confluence where all these infrastructures, or their remnants, co-exist.

The historic city today also has what looks like a strange ‘appendix’ on its northern edge; this appendix is the North Quarter. Throughout the last century, the quarter has been marked by disease, disrepair, decay, and societal destitution. Today the area also falls within what is known in Brussels as the “Croissant Pauvre” or the Crescent of Poverty, as unemployment rates are among the highest in Brussels.

The area is also marked by incompleteness and visions that never came to fruition.

The most prominent vision, and perhaps the most detrimental, took place in the mid-20th century, when 53 Ha of urban fabric were razed to make way for Manhattan-style new economic and commercial development in the name of progress and prosperity (this project began after a failed project that expanded the port to make way for international ships that never ended up coming). Squeezed between the canal and the rail line, and marked by the World Trade Center, the ‘Manhattan Plan’ was a development intended to create a world-class economic hub and attract international business.

The tabula rasa project never reached the over-estimated potential it had planned for, was never completed, and instead created a quarter full of vast land and vacant buildings. It resulted in mass

expulsion of local residents, and an erasure of the layers that formed the identity of the place over time. The failed implementation of the Manhattan plan, a Modernist project that has been aborted since its start, is so prominent, it seemingly creates a false sense of what the area is about. This strong identity of incompleteness and vastness is also its pitfall, as it makes it seem simple to understand if one is unaware of the histories and complexities that have taken place here over time. It is an area where clichéd views and stereotypes are easily formed.

The North Station, a mediocre building that serves as a major transit hub is arguably one of the landmarks of the North Quarter, and also has a history of visions. The original 19th century building that sat at Place Rogier, had replaced the first rail station in Brussels.

It was then demolished to make way for the current building in a new location nearby. The current station was part of a vision to link the North and South of Brussels through a rail line cutting through the pentagon. The North Station serves as multi-modal transit connections in the form of local metro, rail and tram, as well as buses that link to other parts of Europe.

The quarter, is an area full of contradiction and discrepancy. To one side of the station, where the Manhattan plan was implemented, the area is mono-functional in its use for commercial activity, and lacks soul. The human factor is greatly missing, despite the tremendous number of people flowing through the station and into the quarter on a daily basis. It is a place of passage. To the other side of the North Station, where the original urban fabric still exists, the area is home to an ethnically diverse community of low-cost commercial activity that runs along the Rue Brabant, creating an active street scene. Parallel to this shopping street just across the station’s ‘backside’ is Rue d’Aerschot, home to Brussels’ Red Light District where legal prostitution is displayed on street level window panes.

Perpendicular to the station, the area is home to Maximilian Park, which in recent years has become synonymous with the refugee crisis in Brussels, as thousands of refugees camped there for months before the European Union could take action. The area was occupied by asylum seekers that found their way into Brussels, as they awaited registration and allocation. A recent wave of newly displaced people from Africa, now also occupy the park in a more dispersed and less organized fashion than that of a few years ago.

The nature of this group is rather different than the last wave of Syrian refugees. This group is in transit, and hopes to make it to the United Kingdom, to file for asylum there.

The area is also a very important location for demonstration and contestation, and acts as a host site for groups to voice their strikes.

The space in front of the station has served as a starting point for many organized protests in recent history and continues to do so.

The area is so over defined by difference and contradiction, it becomes an area so in-determined, creating an absolute vagueness about it. It is so contested, that no one is interested in it. Its lack of permanent occupation, thanks to speculation and to expulsion, causes the place to be occupied by those with weak legitimacy. It

is visible, and not visible, it has a double-narrative to it. It can be for all those who are close by but separated.

From a landscape point of view, it is the lowland.

In recent years, there has been a new wave of visions and speculation being undertaken by real estate developers looking to capitalize on the location of the area near the canal. There have been numerous newspaper articles suggesting a project to upgrade the bus stops at the North Station, to an international bus terminal, providing necessary spaces and facilities for passengers and staff alike.

The area is currently undergoing revitalization under two separate ‘Contrats des Rénovations Urbaines’ titled: “Citroen-Vergote” and “Botanique-Jonction-Nord”. Many developments are being invested in, in the area: the Canal, Bruxelles Docks, the Tour et Taxis, and the Pompidou Museum are some of the notable projects taking place.

As you can see, the site area is studded with layers and layers of urban, spatial, social, and economic issues, that this studio has been exploring throughout the semester.

Studio Methodology During this Fall 2017 urban design studio, the participants have explored Concepts and Analysis in Urban Design, using the North Quarter area as a site of interest and study. They began by delving into analyzing, understanding, interpreting and reinterpreting findings from and about the site area, and the complex issues that manifest themselves in it, to diagnose needs and create new sets of knowledge.

The studio analyzed watermarks and infrastructures, landscape and its elements, mobility and connectivity flows, ecologies of use and occupation, urban vacancies, density, and migration, housing, fabrics, tissues and typologies, needs and desires, imaginaries and discourses, as well as, economic activities and local stakeholders, among others. The acquired knowledge was used to design spatial strategies in the form of projects that respond to the issues and needs discovered.

Collaboration The studio collaborated with a parallel studio from the St. Lucas Campus in Ghent, in two main instances: the first was through a two-day workshop where they worked together to produce on-site installations that addressed specific needs uncovered; the second was through a one-day workshop where the participants played roles as stakeholders to put themselves in their positions, and negotiate incentives.

WTC 24 The studio was part of the Living Lab initiative, in which several studios from KU Leuven occupied and shared a vacant working space on the 24th floor of the World Trade Center building in the North Quarter.

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Projections

Projects: 1. Metropolitan Quarter of Arrival 2. Infrastructure of Inclusion 3. Mismatch - Mixmatch 4. Ground Zero

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Theme 1 Arrival and Reception 6

Brussels North is a place of ultra-mobility, and is one of the most distinguishable places of arrival in the city. The North Station plays an important role in this discourse of arrival and positions itself within the narrative of refugee and immigrant arrival. Newcomers entering the city encounter various degrees of arrival for different durations of stay, from first arriving at the station and trying to orientate oneself, to then gradually working toward more extensive arrival procedures and infrastructures which are distributed around the city and that assist with civil and social naturalization.

Many mismatches exist in the way in which people are received at the station. There is no metropolitan gesture of reception upon arrival. Our project proposes a new ‘Metropolitan Quarter of Arrival’ that integrates the dense mix of multiple mobility flows, with the social organization of various platforms and associations.

The new station quarter is a common ground for all the aspirations of all newcomers, and provides a welcoming ethos to all.

Metropolitan Quarter of Arrival

Facilitating mobility and social infrastructure within the Brussels North Station Amina Kaskar, Yu-Hsin Liu and Maarten Van Hulle

18.710 Assylum seekers

340.000 commuters/day

Brussels Arrival city

40.066 international immigrants

3.000.000 business & tourist arrivals

7.374

participatns in citizen integration programs

Figures for 2016, sources: BISA, VISIT.BRUSSELS, CGVS/CGRA, ACTIRIS

BRUSSELS NORTH STATION ARRIVAL SINCE 1952

Figures for 2016, sources: BISA, VISIT.BRUSSELS, CGVS/CGRA, ACTIRIS

Social spatial mismatches of arrival infrastructure in the Brussels North Quarter.

Vacant office floors are scattered around over the north quarter. This vacancy contrasts with the many expressions of unfacilitated arrival in the quarter.

Open social spaces are scarce in a neighbourhood with a lot of street life and commercial acitivities. On the contrary, open and green public spaces are abundant on ‘the other side’ of the railway tracks.

Transit also means waiting. The benches that are provided on the public squares are unable to facilitate the many people waiting for transit.

On-ground services are provided by voluntary associations in spaces that are claimed by those waiting for transit.

These organizations are there to provide aid for the arrival that is not facilitated for.

Associations are given vacant spaces in the rue Frontispice to organize a ‘reception and oriention centre for transit migrants’. However, this facility is rather detached from the sites where aid is needed and where necesarry interventions are taking place.

The access to information is not in proportion to the amount and diversity of arrival that is coming through the north district. Besides, reception and information desks are spatially detached from those sites where people actually need them.

The fundamental contrast between the station’s back & frontside is defining a completely different accessibility of transportion modes. Coming from the Brabant neighbourhood, one has to cross the station and the CCN building on the first floor level before arriving at the bus or tram platform.

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Mapping arrival infrastructures reveals the particular features of the Brussels arrival city. It shows how the arrival city is a city within a city. Arrival infrastructures are concentrating in neighborhoods where immigrants look for opportunities and social networks to start integrating in the city. Therefore the arrival city also is a network of immigrants or newcomers. The arrival city is not only self-built by generations of newcomers, but is also facilitated by governmental and non-governmental organizations. These institutions have established themselves close to arrival neighborhoods to provide administrative assistance, language courses and so forth.

Statements on “the arrival city is …” taken from the publication “Making Heimat: Germany, Arrival country” accompanying the exhibition in the German Pavilion at the 2015 Venice Architecture Biennale.

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1 BXL Refugee

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2 GAMS Belgique asbl

3 BON Onthaal burea

3 4

4 Intact

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5 Minderhedenforum vzw

6 Maximilian Park

6 7

7 Commissioner General 8

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8 VIA asbl 9 Islamic relief 10 VIA asbl

11 European network of migrant women 11

12 Humanitarian Hub 13 Atmospheres

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12 14

14 Startpunt 15 Islamic fed

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16

16 Fedasil Centre Brussels

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17 Rode Kruis Centre Brussels - Foyer Selah 18 Samenlevingsopbouw (Riso) 19 EYAD Asbl

19 21

20 V VLANDEREN 21 BON

20 22

22 Shower Douche

23 Sampa

24

23

24 Welcome home (women) 25 Arab women solidarity

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26 BAPA BXL

26 27

29 28 32

33

31

30

34

35

36

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

Rode Kruis Centre Brussels - De Foyer Maison de la Solidaite La Voix des femmes Arab Cultural Centre Music Acadmy Asbl Africalia Vzw European Council on Refugees and exiles Welcome home (women) Fedasil Headquarters - recieving refugees ASBL Cohesion

36 Welcome home

37 AMIRA

37

38 39

38 Red Cross

39 Huis van het neder 40 Welcome home

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41 Refugees go talent

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42 International organisation for migration

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43 Duo for a job

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44 No Peace without justice 44 45 Duo for a job 45 46

46 Siham

47 Duo for a job

47 48

48 Convergence

49 Belgian Refugee Council

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N 50

Train stations

50 Convival

Tourist

Railway

Organizations

Metro

Ethnic shops

Trams

Mosques and churches

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There is a disconnect between the overall arrival infrastructure within Brussels as a whole, and those within the North Quarter. It is evident that a large proportion of the arrival in the North Quarter is unfacilitated; it is either completely absent or inefficient to sustain the large flow of people entering through the North Station.

Ambition 1

Ambition 2

All mobility flows are positioned equally within the North Quarter

The North Quarter is a metropolitan node in the overall arrival network

Groningen

Enschede

Hamburg

Bremen Hannover

Amsterdam

Den Haag

London

Braunschweig

Munster

Berlin

Dortmund Bochum

Rotterdam

E ssen

Arnhem

Duisburg

Aachen

Dusseldorf Cologne

Maastricht Lille

Bonn

Frankfurt

luxembourg

Stuttgart

Metz

Prague

Ulm Paris

Augsburg

Strasbourg

Basel

Munich

Zurich

Vienna

Bratislava

Geneva Lyon Milan

Porto

Barcelona Lisbon

North-South section through CCN building showing how the mobility flows and arrival program are conneting through the ground floor.

transantiago

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transantiago

1.

the arrival city is connecting scales

the arrival city is visible & accessible

the arrival city is the city

Networks of arrival infrastructure are expanding over the entire city and exist on various scales; ethnic networks, municipal associations, federalized administrations, ... These various levels of networks and organizations can be connected to create a comfortable arrival experience for newcomers.

Sign-posting and digital applications makes arrival more visible and accessible for newcomers.

Services of information and assistance are positioned close to mobility hubs, which are the initial arrival places for newcomers. This will make it easier vulnerable groups to integrate in the city.

Designing for arrival is an important aspect of city-making and encourages design that integrates the aspirations of different groups.

Common spaces for shared arrival program

5. Activating edges that 2.

Decentralizing mobility systems & integrating them within the city grid 3. Enabling isotropic movements

compliment the scale of the urban fabric

4. Creating a continous

ground floor that crosses boundaries

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MARKET

REGISTRATION OFFICE TRAM STATION

EATERY PUBLIC BIKE SPOT

SOUTH STATION TERRACE WITH PROPOSED NEW LOCAL BUS STATION BELOW

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ROW OF SHOPS TOWARDS THE BACK OF THE STATION FACING RUE D’AERSCHOT

TRAM TO THE AIRPORT

BIKE PARKING

INTERNATIONAL BUS STATION

INFO DESK

TICKET OFFICE

TRAM STATION

BRIDGE OF THE OLD STATION HALL

MEDICAL SERVICES LANGUAGE COURSE

CAFE

LOCAL BUS STATION

LOCAL BUS STATION

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PROPOSED SCHEME FOR THE BRUSSELS NORTH STATION

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50

20 10

NN

30

N 0

5

20 10

50 30

Section through the railway showing the proposed open ground floor plaza with direct access to the railway platforms.

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Many common services are provided by different organizations for newcomers in the city such as language courses, administrative assistance, cultural activities, ...

Organizations are seeking space in the city to facilitate newcomers, shared spaces provide an efficient solution for these organizations to share common services. The north station facilitates the space for common and city-scale arrival infrastructure. Throughout the station language classes, information desks and event spaces are shared by different organizations. Because of this associations are brought closer to newcomers.

CONNECTION OF THE GROUND FLOOR PLAZA TO THE FOYER OF THE WTC TOWER

CONNECTION OF THE GROUND FLOOR PLAZA TO ADJACENT BUILDINGS

LEGAL & ADMINISTRATIVE ADVICE DESK

LANGUAGE CLASSROOM

BXLrefugees

CIRÉ

Startpunt Vluchtelingenwerk

BAPA BXL (Walloon Region) BON (Flemish Region) l’école Maximilien CIRÉ

Citoyens Solidaires

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creating a culture of welcome

FLUIDITY OF THE GROUND FLOOR TO FIRST FLOOR PUBLIC SOCIAL SERVICES

INTERNATIONAL BUS STATION ON THE GROUND FLOOR PLAZA

INFO DESK FOR CITIZEN INTEGRATION PROGRAMS

BAPA BXL (Walloon Region) BON (Flemish Region) VIA asbl

Visual representation of the proposed front and back of the new metropolitan North station

Section through the existing Simon Bolivar Boulevard showing the synthesis of mobility flows and the facilitation of social arrival infrastructures.

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The North Quarter is a space where the disadvantaged - homeless, prostitutes, refugees, undocumented, etc. - find their spot. In their presence, they show the reality of what the cosmopolitan looks like. We believe that this reality has not been catered for, in a way that includes them. The infrastructure and services they need are available, but are forced to the margins. Spatial qualities are lacking, and it becomes a matter of fighting over centimeters. A clash that seems unnecessary in an environment that has an abundance of open space and vacant buildings.

This design is a call for a new centralized organization to elevate this infrastructure to the scale that it needs and deserves. The proposed infrastructure of inclusion wants to establish the fragmented public space close to the station as one clear urban figure. A car-free zone that is defined by a bus station for arrival in the center of the urban figure, that communicates with a bigger humanitarian hub. The infrastructure serves a broad audience, but in its ambition to be truly inclusive, its conception starts from the weakest of claims.

Infrastructure of Inclusion

A new boulevard for Brussels North

Maher Al Alabed, Nathan De Feyter, Marrije Vanden Eynde

WASTED WEALTH Boudewijn building 42 726 m²

North Plaza 11 960 m²

WTC II 34 200 m² Zenith building 2 700 m²

Phoenix 19 516 m² Sheraton 52 140 m²

Victoria Regina 25 090 m²

SCATTERED SOCIAL SERVICES ABC Centre art school Children Network against poverty Flemish centre for drug use St Rochus church (sleep) Community centre OCMW Le Soleil de Nord (social) Police station Interface 3 (work) Latitude Nord Urban prevention ELAN (food) Foyer vzw (food) Women residence Refugee work Flanders Médimmigrant Social cohesion QN Bravvo (social) Poverello (food) Fedasil Street workers

CRAMPED CENTRALITY HUMANITARIAN HUB Ciré (juridical advice) Civilian platform Oxfam clothing service Doctors of the world Doctors without borders Red cross Refugee work Flanders

BUS STATION

Scale 1 : 5000

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Bus companies ABC car Busabout DB Bus Eurolines Flixbus Keolis Megabus Oui bus W bus ...

School busses Tour busses

THE BOULEVARD OFFERS A CAR- FREE PASSAGE FOR PEDESTRIAN, BIKE AND BUS

THE SPACE DETERMINED BY THE EDGES FORMS A CLEAR URBAN FIGURE A NEW BOULEVARD FOR BRUSSELS

UNTERRITORIALIZED, OVERDIMENSIONED SPACE OFFERS PLACE FOR CHANGE

A CONNECTION TO THE TWO MAIN DEVELOPING AXES IS MADE

Development along the canal Up site

Cultural development Citroen building

T&T

Centre creation Rogier square

T&T

Economic development Tour & Taxis

STRATEGIC INTERVENTIONS AMBITION A MONUMENTALITY FOR THE INVISIBLE SERVICES

Bus station

Humanitairian hub

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BUS STATION

KIOSK

A transport-related architectural object is brought into the urban environment to structure the service network. It offers information and ticketing but also acts as a reception infrastructure.

The kiosk provides sports equipment for all to serve the Gaucheret park and the new green space that runs all the way to the Maximilian Park.

PUBLIC TOILET Free public toilets are installed as part of the boulevards as small catalysts.

PLAZA New public spaces act as gateways to underused land that is expected to re-enter the marketspace. The design of the public space should steer the development and not vice versa.

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WATERSQUARE The inclusion of water drainage in the development of public spaces is made visible through this water square.

Three scales of inclusive infrastructure WIFI Since internet is almost a basic human right, wifi for all is becomes part of an inclusive space.

The small scale consists of little catalysts, the medium of pockets and plazas, and the large scale is a general system of hubs. All of them have the ambition to work on the three scales of the North Quarter: the neighborhood, the urban and the metropolitan scales.

ENTRANCE CANOPY The start of the boulevard is indicated by a structure that offers accomodation for a market. It goes in dialogue with the Rogier Square and the canopy at the station.

HUMANITARIAN HUB In the vacant North Plaza, the scattered working of the current social services is centralized to realize the ambition put up by the different NGOs in the current hub.

Investing in night shelter here, close to the source, is a counter-proposal to the move to Haren.

BIKE PARKING Existing sheltered bike parkings are part of a system of exclusion due to a membership fee. New accessible inclusive bike parkings are needed.

POCKETS A car-free zone allows the side streets to become more quiet pockets that form horizontal connections to the big metropolitan boulevard. They differ from character according to what they connect.

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Nature grid between the ‘mastodon’ structures A grid is set up with three different types of trees, each one with its own height. They create different spaces underneath their canopy and make routes through the grid.

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Winteroak max 40 m

Black alder max 30 m

Silver birch max 25 m

20m

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The gap identified in the center of the neighborhood is related to several mismatches in the performance and definition of the North Quarter in the city scale as well as the physical and the social realms. These circumstances leave an interstice of non-reclaimed public space that allows for new things to happen already. North-South connections and networks are working engaging long-term users, while temporary users inhabit the perpendicular flow independently.

The activity in this interstice spills over from the Station, spiced by the civic and cultural movements.

This proposal researches on public space as a reception infrastructure for transit users in the interstice that can host what cannot find a place elsewhere in the city. The aim is to articulate transverse connections enhancing networks going on from the temporal spatial perspective to mixmatch users and activity. The physical layer (topography and equipment) is redefined to enhance dualities, while the social layer is enhanced with the development of information and interaction tools to visualize and boost already existing social networks.

Mismatch - Mixmatch Reception Infrastructure in the NQ interstice Clara Medina García, Thuy Nguyen, Wossen G Yohannes

CITY SCALE ANALYSIS | The role of the NQ in Brussels

BUILDING PERIPHERIES SMALL RESIDENTIAL TISSUE

PREDOMINANTLY INDUSTRIAL AREA

MIXED BLOCKS

NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE | Planning and Flows PLANNING AGENDAS

Multi-property detached buildings Inner activity opens & occupies street  

  

HIGH DENSITY MIXED USE AREA

  

PREDOMINANTLY BUSSINES AND INTERNATIONAL

A. ROUNDABOUT EFFECT ANALYSIS

SOCIAL HOUSING TOWERS

PREDOMINANTLY INDUSTRIAL EXTENSION

THE GAP | ROUNDABOUT EFFECT

Significant accessways Main investment area Extension investment area Area of regional interest

  

   ANTWERP

Platform ignores peripheries Communal vegetable gardens

SYNTHESIS MISMATCH MAP Private green Public green Residential Business activity Public institutions HQ Corporate HQ Empty plots Major axis of movement Canal Canal plan plot

MANHATTAN PLAN TOWERS Opaque Services and shop platform Transparent towers on top

Canal plan project Spill over area

GHENT

LIÈGE

B. ROUNDABOUT EFFECT ENHANCEMENT

ANTWERP

terstice

NEW SPACE NORD TOWERS

o

Transparent yet unreachable towers Garden elements overflowing

GHENT

LIÈGE

NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE ANALYSIS LEYEND Proposed car access Proposed bus access to the station Cultural movements places

21

Discouraged car route Existing car access North Station spillover

USERS AND TIME permanent users

transit users

PERMANENT RESIDENTS

NGOS & CIVIC ASSOCIATIONS

OCASIONAL VISITORS & TOURISTS

TRANSIT TRAVELLERS

ASYLUM SEEKERS OUTSIDE BELGIUM

INFORMAL WORKERS/DWELLERS

REGULAR COMMUTERS

LOCAL BUSINESSPEOPLE

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

forest

tunnel shadow

express hide

light

+

mound

borders

+

screen

meet green

observe

+

discuss

join

play

show

light

provissions

van

play

+

toilets

+

line up

forest

gather

+

stand sit

play

luggage

share

shelter

outdoor

find

equipment

walk

+

shortcut

together

wifi

cover

corners

shelter

+ temporal structures

corners

sleep

border

niche

tree

picnic

private

+

+

shadow

rest

load

step

dark

+

green

doctor

coffee

+

+ +

step work

wait

+

sit

covered

+ +

+

mirror

step

soup

gather produce

column

wind pic nic

single wait

sleep

+

shelter

movable

share

meet

wait

take away post

niche

volunteer

work

temporal

climb

screen

regard

hide

share

group

sit

wifi

wall

+ +

discover

straight

read

stare

group wait

wildlife

shadow

flow

+

shade

grass

commute

fast

+

group

steps

overlook

+

shadow

green

hidden

+

rest

COMPANIES OWNING & RENTING TOWERS

+ + + +

+ +

+

+

+ +

+

+

+ +

+

+ 10m

50m

100m

22

23

24

covered meeting spaces [ DEVELOPING]

cascading terraces [ JOIN IN]

outdoor working spaces [ DEVELOPING]

wtc tower backdoor to viewpoint [ DISCOVER]

wtc tower backdoor to rental spaces [ DEVELOPING]

outdoor theatre [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

MEETING AREA [ GROUPING]

outdoor hallway [ STATION SPILLOVER]

tranquil MEETING AREA [ GROUPING]

path for service access [ SERVICE]

station shortcut [ STATION STRUCTURE]

covered waiting AREA [ STATION SPILLOVER]

exposed waiting area [ STATION SPILLOVER]

bus info office with business centre [ STATION SPILLOVER]

international bus terminal [ STATION STRUCTURING]

drivers rest area & service lane [ STATION STRUCTURE]

5.0

104.0

-3.0

8.5

19.5

37.0

7.0

18.0

11.5

+0.0

11.0

84.0

+0.0

67.0

[ JOIN IN]

reaching the park

waiting area

[ CHAT]

amphitheatre

[ FIND OUT]

+

vibrant outdoor waiting

2.0

+

+

[ STATION SPILLOVER]

station core [ STATION STRUCTURE]

lookout tribune

2.0

+ +

[ STATION STRUCTURE]

waiting for pickup

2.0

3.0

+ +

[ STATION STRUCTURE]

2.0

-0.0

+

+

+ +

+ +

+

+ + + +

+ + + + + +

+ + + +

events stage area [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

kiss & ride

[ STATION STRUCTURE]

open air amphitheatre [ STATION STRUCTURE]

covered playground [ STATION SPILLOVER]

25

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ +

+ +

+ + +

DE MEETING | CHAT ARRIVAL | FIND

+ +

+

canal viewpoint

[ DISCOVER]

canal stage [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

canal audience area [ JOIN IN]

+4 .00

[ TRANSCEND BORDERS]

canal bay

+

[ FEEL BETTER]

looking back from park platform

100m

50m

10m

covered trading platforms [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

park maintenance - garden workshop [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

round niches [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

+

+ +

+ +

+

+

fragmented activity park [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

exterior school playground [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

provision street [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

events arena [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

grass audience area [ FEEL BETTER]

outdoor playground [ JOIN IN]

lookout platform [ STATION SPILLOVER]

covered amphitheare [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

the forest [ FEEL BETTER]

park backstage services [ CULTURAL SPILLOVER]

10.0

+3.50

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+ +

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

TRADE | TRANSCEND BORDERS CELEBRATING | FEEL BETTER VELOPING | JOIN IN

+

+

26

In the past, the city sacrificed Brussels’ North Quarter inhabitants to serve a metropolitan project. Decade after decade, this strategic enclave has become a land divided between countless administrative entities. The North Quarter is nowadays an ambiguous place where governances overlap; a land of borders defining a no man’s land, and an incoherence making room for interpretation.

Inhabited by many vacant buildings and a sociospatially isolated population, the North Quarter is at a momentum for fundamental changes.

Ground Zero

Deforming Existence

Lucas Lerchs, Shauni Marchand, Mara Tomulescu

Socio-spatial analysis

27

Developing local strengths, playing with legal frameworks, and revealing spatial qualities of the area, Ground Zero is a project that redefines the quarter as a ‘special zone’ for experimentation, where administrative laws are lifted to allow special things to happen.

Acting through a deconstruction process, the project aims to unfold elements that today compose a barrier. The project is a radical approach that has the advantage of offering a new perspective to actors at all levels of power, and creating unexpected coalitions, to offer the North Quarter its retribution from the injustice it has endured.

local economy existing cultural centers temporary empty buildings empty buildings empty ground floor sterile public space sterile streets

Opportunities analysis

28

3.3.1

Art. 1

H2, Art. 15, §1

Stimulation to or- For empty and / use ness

premises,

AGION, D2.5

Every public real Anyone who [...] ‘Broadening’

ganizers to make or neglected busi- estate temporarily

PC - Art. 442/1

manag- in whatever way quires

OR.C.A

VCRO, Art. 2, §1

doned

multifunc- can only be em-

er and every so- invades, occupies tionality / flexibili- ployed

when

from cy have a public being the owner through the well- necessary

buildings, the calendar year management right or having a title thought-out

squares, ...) from following the third to

the

both economic, so- consecutive

properties:

reg-

istration in the In-

cio-cultural and

following or right, anothers’

clus-

quired if the main of a license, bans ing,

in function of a built-

of

1 ° dwellings that appartment, room, shared or

docu-

ments:

property

on the

use

changed in whole 1. singing, instru- er nature, the au-

competent author-

sisting of emergen-

and / or versions;

cy shelters, if:

2. the use of loud-

of - a valid work permit

performances

1°

have not been oc- of it or any oth- spaces. This allows

of asylum seekers, es that are sound

made with a tem-

cupied for more er

homeless

porary alternative

than twelve con- space or others’ be used more in-

or citizens whose

secutive months in movable

homes are unin- 3.

uninhabited existing spaces to

set up. The place

accordance

is then temporarily

their intended use not could serve as

with ty that whether or and after ‘normal’

as a dwelling.

managed by the

during

market

or

other

commercial

cumstances

punished [...]

space is in need of

ing to a certain procedure.

producing

or reproducing; parades

and

fairground music;

2° unforeseen cir- 4.

a residence, will be

organizer.

people waves

habitable;

hours.

the public space.

concerns speakers, amplifi-

it

periments can be

proper- tensively,

public

ity is required in a permit accord-

grouped reception ers or other devic-

destination

demonstra- peddling,

activity, of whatev-

takably vacant or a p p u r t e n a n c e s tifunctional use of

point of view. Ex-

Every activity of

or part [...] to a mental or musical thorization of the activity in public

permit

an spaces or the mul-

VIII. Art 129

tion, procession or market, fare, flea

public space:

is

differ- - a valid residence main function con-

unihabited house, ent functions, the

p a r t i c i p a t o r y ventory, being the have been unmis- residence tax year.

tering

IV. Art. 43

re- A foreign worker A permit is not re- With the exception For every gather-

of obsolete places an annual tax is cial rental agen- or stays, without ty. This is possible possesion of the up (wasteland, aban- introduced

III, Art. 33, §1

other

perfor-

give mances or activiFerme des Boues

rise to urgent re- ties of artistic, divception needs;

inatory or esoteric

3° reception is nec-

nature.

essary for humanitarian reasons;

AKSENT vzw Merchants Rue du Brabants

EVA vzw

4° reception is tem-

Immigration Office

porary for a maximum

Brussels Design Market Urban Mining Tour & Taxis

period

three years.

Renovas

of CPAS

Police Pole Nord

Vacant building owners

Politicans Maison de Quartier

3 Municipalities

City of Brussels Communa

FADA (Femme d’action, Diversité d’action)

Soleil du Nord

Canteen Vlaamse Overheid

Industries

ABC Art Center Samu Social

e

European Union

Prostitute syndicat New inhabitants (upper class)

ERU asbl Local universities

Platform Citoyenne

Inhabitants

Boatman community

JST (Jeunes Schaarbeekois au Travail)

Federal Government Local architects

b c

emphasis - 2. Layer of deformation - 3. Layer of actor coalitions

a

Environmental diversity & productive infrastructures

new implementation

Economical & personal development

29

suspension

Regularisation process

1. Layer of law

Qualitative environment

Destigmatizaiton & iconic culture

C O N C E P T

VCRO, H7, Art. 7.3

GRAU

TIOD

An environmental The challenge is to Temporary permit

filling Combined

T.VI, H2, Art. 4§1 PV 33, H1, Art. 9

opera-

carried out for the Making

essary for a tem- healthy change by

cuts

in parking

places

prohibited area; 3 ° on trees;

licity:

III. Art. 9

H2, Art. 2

preju- The price of the For every tempo-

people

tations

City;

metre per day. The space

or

play-

a not be inferior to by the College of

mit given by the permission of the

public tablishments

40 EUR. [...]

Mayor and Aldermen is required.

in- and Aldermen is no and Aldermen is

licensed

or

utably

licensed,

city. This redesign the different uses well as public fa-

for public interest, allowed to drive

if the temporary

is temporary, for 5 do not overlap. A cilities with regard

as well as those for or park in parks,

change of function

to a maximum of 10 combined parking to road, rail, wa- charitable or phil- green spaces and

does not exceed a

years. Afterwards, use allows the re-

ter, maritime or air

maximum duration

these locations will duction in number

traffic;

of four periods of

be evaluated and of parking spaces 5 ° on non-blind fences; built definitively. without losing ac7 ° on facades of cess. The efficiendwellings; cy of the space is 8 ° on uninhabited

year.

square of a park, green

telecommu- - advertising es- College of Mayor College of Mayor

mainly inhabitants’ expec- lic domain to lin- that the time win- nication,

days per calendar

parks,

with poles, carriers for subordinate to the session of a per- playgrounds,

tion of an existing fer adapted to the space on the pub- tifs. [...] provided for

thirty consecutive

to

per

occupation

housing ate a new car-free ing space is used 4 ° on electricity ies created by, or that are in pos- green spaces and contribution can- ground, a permit

reconstituting area or a car-free by

rep-

of the city of Brus- requirements that EUR

- the City or bod- sels or the ones apply

in the main func- a commercial of- zone. This creates different travel mo- overhead lines or

building,

H2, Art. 7.4

use Advertising is pro- Are exempt from With exception for Without

tions is not nec- elimination of un- certain streets cre- means that a park-

porary

H1, Art 4

town support the policy in public domain. or double use of hibited: 1 ° in the the taxes on pub- vehicles in service dice to the legal tax is fixed on 0,80 rary

for

planning

2.5.2

ger and enjoy the dow within which lighting poles, as tended exclusively motorized vehicle required to peddle

increased.

anthropic events

or sell anything.

playgrounds.

or unused buildings; 9 ° on artworks. h

d

Aksent vzw

f g Municpialities Soleil Du Nord

Inhabitants

Brussels Region

Brussels Design Market

Local Universities

City of Brussels Local politicians

Tour & Taxis Toestand

Renovas

New inhabitants Federal Government

Communa Police entities

Maison de Quartier

Remua ASBL

Boatman Community

Hip Hop School

European union FADA

Platform Citoyenne

Local Architects

Innovation & multiculturality: exchange

Destigmatization & integration

Metropolitan & local interactions

City image & project zone integration

City image & project zone reinventing

Prostitute syndicat

Immigration Office

30

a

b

c

d

A P P R O P R I A T I O N a. Border-entrance b. Civic canopy c. Urban souk (stage 2) d. Social park e. CitĂŠ garden f. Urban souk (stage 1) g. Urban souk (stage 3) h. Border-entrance

31

g

f

h

e

32

Projections

Projects: 1. City as a Carpet 2. Theater CotĂŠ Nord 3. From Monolith to Multiplicity

33

Theme 2 Exchange and Encounter 34

Brussels North gathers infrastructural lines, meandering through the valley. In between these metropolitan lines, underused open spaces and doublesided buildings lay squeezed. The district, with an abundance of weakly defined spaces, has always been perceived as a city of motion, both in terms of transit, as in terms of social mobility. Designing the ‘groundscape’ that reinvents the open space can serve as a new system where the existing tissue is re-incorporated, and new infrastructures and programs can be implemented.

Altering and enforcing the metropolitan lines and

adding stitches in between them provide the framework to ‘weave in’ social, cultural and commercial activities.

Although the framework withstands, the weaving can ever change, according to the needs and desires of stakeholders. So, the playful alteration between these ‘stitches’ unfolds a ‘festival-city’, stimulating the urban experience. Eventually, the city as a ‘carpet’ recycles what is available today, in order to become the vehicle for hosting the daily urban life of tomorrow.

City as a Carpet

Reinventing the open space to stimulate the urban experience Maria Skordouli, Mariia Zakharova, Matthias Lamberts Brussels Scale

Brussels North as a bottleneck of metropolitan infrastructure lines

Metropolitan lines cluster social and cultural programs and double-sided buildings

Creating possibilities by ‘stitching’ metropolitan lines

Double-sided buildings and oversized open spaces lay in between metropolitan and local lines

Double-sided buildings and oversized open spaces create the framework for ‘weaving’ the city

North District Scale

Barcode of metropolitan and local lines

35

Spatial Synergy Interpretation of the existing urban space unfolds spatial and social opportunities to re-invent a new system.

N 100 m

36

Weaving the city A playful overlap of different functions, users and activities

Metropolitan lines are re-destined to main purposed flows of transit, whether pedestrian, bike or public transport.

Stitches hold the framework for programmes and functions.

They situate at double sided buildings and oversized open spaces.

Programmes are weaved in the stitches and can be expanded or modified.

37

100 m

N

38

Scenarios of a Festival City Trajectories of continuous discoveries of urban experiences

NORTH

RUE DE BRABANT RUE D’AERSCHOT

LEUVEN BUS STATION Info point

SENNE

LOCAL MARKET Supporting Wednesday’s market

WTC

PARK

VELO Bike - rent repair social employment

VELO

VILVOORDE - ANTWERP

SOCIAL HOUSING

COMMUNITY CENTRE HOSTEL

URBAN AGRICULTURE

SPORTS FACILITIES Linked to the school, on condition of opening for the neighbourhood outside school hours

NEW RESIDENTIAL APPARTMENTS Private real estate development on condition of investing in refugee and cultural centre

39

H STATION

SHOPPING MALLS

M

BUS LINE SKILL-DEVELOPMENT CENTRE Validation and obtainment of (technical) diploma

DAY CARE CENTRE

VENUE Presentations/ lectures/ cultural events

NATIONAL THEATRE

CITY HALL

PEDESTRIAN BOULEVARD

CENTRAL MARKET Selling agricultural products, supporting local economies and ethnic commodities

ROYAL THEATRE

FAST BIKE LINE

PEDESTRIAN LINE URBAN AGRICULTURE Agricultural land cultivated by (social housing) residents and refugees.

SAINT-CATHERINE CHURCH

THEATRE eg. participation of refugees

PUBLIC CULTURAL CENTRE Exhibitions/ conferences/ seminars/ youth activities ...

MAIN CAR AVENUE

REFUGEES CENTRE Night shelter/ common spaces basic physical and mental health services

CANAL

40

The project finds its roots in an analysis of Brussels’ streetscapes and the choreographies taking place within them. Perceiving the city as a theatre brings to the foreground eight axes hanging longitudinally in the city. This formal sequence appears as a variety of urban sceneries, each developing its own story such as representation, commerce, and transit. A cross sectional reading of these continuities reveals more complex systems. The three mapped typologies enable to collect different identities of Brussels’ theatre by transecting the plays perpendicularly. In the Coté

Nord, the axes slide into a bottleneck, capturing a complex inter-play, which is currently overshadowed by the omni-presence of the car. The concept therefore imagines a caricatured differentiation of five plays. The project treats the stitches between them as a collector of these stories. The identity of each axis guides spatial choices, but also hides an underlying agenda: facilitating contradictory choreographies present in the district. People performing in the streetscape become the theater, and our design proposal sets up the scene for this.

Theater Coté Nord

A

B

Facilitating the inter-play of choreographies Manola Colabianchi, Nadia Nusrat, Sarah Van de Velde

C

LONGITUDINAL PLAYS HANGING IN THE CITY

AA’

BB’

CC’

waterfront leisure 41

formal canal flaneur

Analysis patchwork of in-between zones

A’

B’

linear connectivity

historical permeability

50m

250m

500m

THREE TYPOLOGIES OF CONNECTION

backyard

representation

transit

shopping

economy

power 42

SCENOGRAPHIES car axis with park pockets 43

forest of representation

transit route

shopping street

green stitch

Concept

Thursday 5 pm rushhour along the transit axis

Thursday 10 pm parkstrip filled with cars of the residents

Wednesday 2 pm parkstrip appropriated for leisure activity

Tuesday 11 am Weekly market at Rue de Brabant

Wednesday 2 am square filled with cars during the night

Wedsnesday 5 pm commuters perform in front of the station

Monday 11 am balcony as a stage for public speech

Wednesday 5 pm balcony as waiting platform for travellers

Tuesday 10 am park-space as neighbourhood garden

Sunday 11 am park-space flooded by parishoners’s cars

Friday 5 pm commuters rushing to the train and bus

Monday 11 am mass demonstration through the forest

Sunday 11 am solitude in the forest

Saturday 2 pm strolling through the botanical garden

Friday 10 pm kiss-and-ride zones along caroussel d’amour

Sunday 2 pm dead end street appropriated by residents

PERFORMERS the cardriver

the demonstrator

the traveller

the shopper

the wanderer 44

AA’

BB’

CC’

DD’

STITCHING SCENOGRAPHIES 1/750 sections 45

Design

A

D A’

D’

C

D

B

C’

B’

46

The North Quarter of Brussels has a contradictory identity as a large metropolitan site of centrality accessible by all modes of public transport, and yet it remains predominantly a car-oriented district in the periphery of the city. The area sits in the shadow of the failed Manhattan plan, marked by over-scaled public spaces and large monolithic ground floor plinths. By reading the ground floor as a Nolli map, the office plinths can be re-imagined as permeable sites of opportunity. The public space becomes a forest of columns and grids that can be appropriated by a

variety of scales and programs, transforming monoliths into multiplicities. The palimpsest of grids is rescaled according to a threefold strategy: a Neighborhood Mesh (S), Pentagon Patches (M) and Metropolitan Park (L). The urban strategy is underpinned by a management model, which outlines an integrated process for stakeholder engagement and the project implementation framework.

From Monolith to Multiplicity

Rereading and Rescaling the Forest of Columns

ANALYSIS

Wendy Chavez, Olivia Missiaen, Jani Truter

METROPOLITAN SCALE

Brussels North as a point of CENTRALITY

North Station counts

The commuter time from the province capitals is between

on a daily basis, however there are only

60 minutes and 90 minutes

40 000 Commuters Canal Industrial Spine

10 000 Inhabitants living in the North Quarter

Tour and Taxis Railway System

MONOFUNCTIONAL The North Quarter as a site of

pass-through Historic Armatures of

CONCEPTS

Koning Albert II Boulevard and Simon Bolivar Boulevard

ARRIVAL STRUCTURE

...as remnant of the Manhattan Plan

47

... concentrated in a metropolitan park

Trade

Manhattan Monetary Spine

Railway System

PUBL

... to the building perimeter

127,685 m vacancy 2

Manhattan Plan remnants

officespaces in the Noordwijk (measured 2011)

in

Belgian organization SLRB (Societé du logement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitales) held a conference on 13th of April 2016 to promote a public-private partnership (PPP) call to build

500 new affordable homes in Brussels.

Zone du croissant pauvre Weekloosheids graad bij jonderem (2012): Brussel Region: 38%, Brussel

Nord : 46%.

unemployment

among young people

46%.

41new school buildings 550 million euros

On the proposal of Flemish Minister of Education Hilde Crevits, the Flemish government has selected

through a public-private partnership. The investment value of the projects amount to

.

The new schools have a total area of 250,000 m². 50 million euro subsidies for 41 new school projects

for Flanders and Brussels Capital Region

LIC SPACE...

NOLLI MAP...

... re-read to building cores

... of the office plinths

... taking over the North Quarter

48

STRATEGY (XS),S,M,L,(XL)

S Neighbourhood Mesh The existing park structure is

connected with intersecting

pedestrian movements

The social housing site is

densified by introducing a

canopy of trees and intermediate scale buildings for social functions

L

Metropolitan Park

The metropolitan park

functions twofold: an arrival structure providing a big urban square as a shared surface for public transport and events.

The new trade and

exchange programs take over

the underutilized office plinths and charge the arrival structure.

Towards the canal the metropolitan park takes less urban character and is programmed with

recreational functions.

The boulevard is rescaled by new residential buildings of the metropolitan park.

M

Pentagon Patches

Museum CitroĂŤn

Along the line of Place Rogier and the future museum square in front of the Citroen building, the new square at the end of Albert II Avenue will operate as the entrypoint of the North Quarter. Their specific character will constitute the urban

gateways to the Brussels Pentagon.

49

Square Rogier XDGA

Commercial

Social

Residential

Sports & Recreation

Park

0

50

100m

50

USERS

The Management Model is a

frame of reference for the

THE LOCAL The resident

administration of a project.

values, stakeholders mechanisms for its implementation.

It is based on and the

includes the

THE FREQUENTER The commuter

Park/ Recreation THE NEWCOMER The tourist, migrant, asylum seeker

Average number of

indicators

stated in the

outcome

Childcare

specifications of 25 Public Private Partnership projects in Belgium

Sports/ Playground

(Hueskes, 2017)

community and participation

Shared Public Space

Community facilities

environment and natural resources health and comfort

livability Mixed Public Housing

social justice

Metropolitan

VALUES Trust and coopeation Sustainability Inclusive design PUBLIC SECTOR

Metropolitan Park

Sports/ Pla

Spill-over effect Adaptability

PRIVATE SECTOR

CIVIL SOCIETY

Commercial Functions

Design Feedback Park & Recreation

Implementation

Evaluation Monitor

Metropolitan Square

51

Creating an public environment for econ and social exhange.

INTERVENTIONS AND PUBLIC KEY ACTORS Shared Spaces and Public Infrastructure Visit Brussels - build and disseminate an attractive image of Brussels Artiris - Brussels’ public employment service.

Bruxxeles Formation - skills and job training services for the public

Housing

Brussels Capital Region Development Cooperation + City of Brussels

Sports/ Playground

Société du Logement de la Région de Bruxxeles-Capitale (SLRB)

Public Private Partnerships

Market

Brussels Urban Development - facilitate access to housing and promote social cohesion

(Implementation vehicle)

DBFM(O) - Development Building Finance

School

Social Services

Maintenance (Operation)

Bruxelles Bruxxeles Formation - skills and job training services for the public

Market Sports/ Recreation

OSMW - Public Centre for Social Welfare

Cafeteria/ Restaurants/ Bars

Brussels Urban Development - facilitate access to housing and promote social cohesion

Metropolitan Square

Restaurants/ Bars

Economic Cycle

Information Station

Impulse - support and guidance in the creation of entreprises Finance Brussels - assistance to young, innovative businesses Brussels Economy and Employment - develop sustainable economy and employment.

Public housing

n Park

Park Social services

ayground

Social services Private housing

Library Social housing

nomic

Community facilities

Spatial Proximity Social Interaction Aspects of Social Cohesion + Place attachment + Common norms

=

+ Social cohesion and increased safety - Anti-social behaviour

City collection of rent and municipal fees More investment opportunities Attracts more customers

Reinvest in the area area

Attracts more business opportunities and job creation 52

Projections

Projects: 1. Water Mark(et) 2. A System of Variations 3. Metropolitan Park 4. The Underwater City

53

Theme 3 Variations and Occupations 54

The River Zenne was one of the first watermarks of the city of Brussels. Yet, as the city grew, and insalubrious conditions increased, it became unappreciated and was eventually covered. Brussels lost its major watermark.

In the process of uncovering the traces and the layers of the river, we understood how it had a major effect on the social and economic aspects of life in the city, and came across a market network that clusters around it. By mapping the existing market system around the river’s watermark, we were able to identify the potential of water to host city markets.

Based on our analysis, this project proposes to uncover and recover River Zenne as a major element of the city’s identity. By recovering this watermark, a fluid market system has been introduced, which permeates the interrupted urban fabric of the North Quarter. The network will act as a mediator, meandering through the rigid grid of the North Quarter, to create a WaterMark(et) system.

WATERMARK(ET)

Restoration of an Identity

Fareeha Sheikh, Katerina Eleftheriou, Yuying Sun

RIVER 1645

RIVER 1818

CURRENT CONDITION

Shopping Streets Super Markets Outdoor Markets Organic Markets Evening Markets Special Event Market

Constellation of markets around the river & canal in the Center of Brussels, while the North Quarter remains a potential zone for a new network of markets.

Topographic analysis and indication of flood prone areas to identify viable river path

55

Timeline & overlaps in current market schedules

Effective means of mobility within 500m of each market

river river

cultural cultural

flea

flea

water management water management

literature

food food

bike lanes bike lane

organic

organic festival festival

EXISTING TREES stitches stitches

STRATEGY PLAN De-asphalting in order to cut down vehicular traffic, & softening the urban tissue, while uncovering the river.

Renewable sources of energy, water & solar power, are integrated in the design of markets

Meandering river that passes through vacant building sites, combining existing landscapes with leisurely bike lanes & pedestrian walkways

SHADOW ANALYSIS

STITCHES AS MEDIATORS

Interstitial stitch between the Manhattan Plan area & the old fabric

Interstitial stitch perpendicular to the North Station which accommodates the highest number of visitors

Interstitial stitch between the City Center (Pentagon) and the Manhattan Plan area

56

PROPOSAL

57

A neighbourhood market to create social cohesion Promotes local food & culture Monday to Sunday 19:00 – 22:00 B B

A

A

C C

SECTION A-A

SECTION B-B

SECTION C-C

PERSPECTIVE THROUGH WATER ISLANDS

58

Boulevard restructured to become a promenade with a striking canopy design Hosts events & a market for everyday products Friday to Sunday 16:00 to 19:00

A

A

SECTION A-A

THE CANOPY

SECTION WITH THE CANOPY

RETRACTABLE BENCH DETAILS RIVER WITH THE STEPS

WATER FILTERED AND REUSED

59

A market integrated in an existing building.

Promotes art & literature with its close proximity to the City Center (Pentagon) Monday to Friday 10:00- 16:00

C

B

B

C

A

A

SECTION A-A

BLOW-UP SECTION

SECTION C-C

SECTION B-B

A PLATFORM ADDED AS VIEWING DECK WITH THE RIVER

60

Understanding the main vocations that potentially link certain areas of Brussels’ North Quarter led us to formulate a vision in which two main figures, and their articulation, build our scenario. The first figure is the Urban Forest; the project expands the nature of the existing fragmented park into an urban forest.

This man-made environment crosses streets, physical boundaries and climbs the concrete walls of the city.

The second figure is Tree Canopy; the proposal of a huge tree canopy constituting a grid of green pillars, dominates the image of the boulevard. The glass

buildings become invisible and the common ground floor, a mineral horizontal carpet, becomes a stage for public life. These two variations regain and rebuild the oversized, neglected voids of the North Quarter, and mutually overlap in the horizontal connective tissue.

An emblematic inter-space is generated through this dialogue: a ‘spazio smisurato’, an immeasurable space, that accommodates a range of possible indeterminate uses. It stages the interplay of the Urban Forest and the Tree Canopy and makes possible to understand this figures as a system.

A System of Variations

Re-reading the images of Brussels North Mahmoud AlSalti, Xavier Ordonez, Angelica Palumbo

N

Systems of barriers & links variations | issues| opportunities 61

Urban Forest

interspace

Tree Canopy

System of variations two figures | interspace(s) 62

combininig uses

removing barriers

activating voids

participating

interpreting the grid

foresting

learning

green grids

open uses relinking

topographies indetermination

planting managing rain water

spreading activities canopy

connecting free circulation

connective tissue

creating topographies

using the grid

trees as canopies

activating ground floor

Vision strategies 63

10

connecting

foresting

managing rain water

participating

Urban Forest zoom 64

10

combining uses

canopy

Interspace zoom 65

overlapping grids

10

activating ground floors

tree canopy

mineral topographies

Tree Canopy zoom 66

The project is about using the non-functional fragmented green spaces around the North Quarter to form a Metropolitan park and give the city a new identity, which is actualized by creating a connection between the existing green spaces, Tour & Taxis, and the Botanical Garden.

We designed through materials by using different linear landscapes based on their original morphology, giving new identities and functions to the space of strips, such as the forest, biological wetland, urban

agriculture, flower gallery, farmer’s market and the likes. Also, natural and man-made landscape elements and materials are recognized. By interweaving them together and introducing a new green system, the sequence and structure of the whole park are reinforced.

To enjoy maximum use of the space, vehicles are restricted within the space, giving access to bicycles, and pedestrians, thus creating a well accommodating and relaxing atmosphere for all ages.

Metropolitan Park Interweaving Landscape Anshu Ahuja, Osunkoya Modupe Kofoworola , Yuxi Wu

Alluvial Plain Legend Alluvial plain Tour& Taxis NQ

The North Quarter lies in the alluvial plain, which provides fertile soil. The water perculation rate is high in this area, making it a apporpriate place to develop a metropolitan park.

Floodable Area Legend Weak spot Average gap High random

Legend Metropolitan parks City parks District parks Industrial areas Valley Site

A set of functional levels are defined based on a range of green space sizes, linked to the scale of the area. The connection between existing green spaces could be improved by interweaving fragmented landscapes.

Water flow

1: 30000

67

Built Density

Accessibility

Interweaving

Existing

Turning the white to become green, the North Quarter has the space needed to form the scale of a metropolitan park

There are seven north-south connections and several over-sized east-west connections primarily for vehicles

Present landscape is fragmented, but can be interweaved together to form a metropolitan park

Schools, administrative institutions, community organizations, and cultural facilities exist in the area.

Pavements

Trees

Making a Connection between the Tour&Taxis and the Botanical Garden

Structure biodiversity

view of the square before the station

1: 3500

Characteristics

Programmatic Node view along the canal

Projected Park Walk by outdoor artist exhibition

Listen to a concert at amphitheater

Take a picture of historical momument of the railway

VISIT RAILWAY MUSUEM RE FIL LW ATE R

Weekend Tourist

Visit Botanical Garden Q

Parking in new public parking lot

K C

UI

arrive: 10 am Visit Biodiversity Park

K AC

SN

Family with Young Children Farmer Market Local Resident

E FF

CO

Bike to the north

AK

Visit Flower Market

Visit urban agriculture

BRE

Morning Taichi

arrive: 2 pm

Cyclist Commuter

PARK BIK

Visit the farmers market

Watch cyclists on a bench OM TRO RES

VE HA

Flower Market

Canal Forest Wetland Agriculture Different characteristics are assigned to each bundle based on its original morphology

view of the central boulevard

E

arrive: 3 pm

Senior Citizen

Visit Tour& Taxis Parc

HAVE LUNCH

Morning Swimming in indoor pools

E

Exhibition

Jogging around the lake

Enjoy the sun in a great lawn

Picnic in great lawn

arrive: 8 am

68

a

d

b

c

1: 2500

69

Pathways and Trails

Rainwater Catchment Underneath

Detailed section of Rainwater Catchment

Existing section 1-1

a. neighborhood green space

Possibility of connection

Construction of underground tunnel

d. urban climbing wall

b. great lawn in front of station exit

c. flower garden

Existing section 2-2

Section after design

70

With climate change on the rise, the flooding of lowlying cities, especially those that lie in a floodplain like Brussels, is an inevitable reality. Focused on ecology as a stimulus for urban life, the project proposes to re-organize the existing infrastructure to restore the former floodplain in Brussels’ North Quarter using the railway network as an edge. Vital space is reclaimed, allowing water to find its way around the city: hence, the underwater city.

The project works with enhanced topography to

maintain the floodplain. Landscape strategies are applied for a natural hydrological system, that seeks to decentralize the management of water through the morphological change of created terraces, and to regulate peak water flow.

The railway system acts as an edge and physical connection, linking new programs created along and within its breadth, to the newly adapted, resilient center. The redesigned railway platform becomes a magnificent viewing deck into the city.

THE UNDERWATER CITY

Reclaiming the floodplain for a resilient future Marlies Aerts, Brenda Kamande, Hongxia Pu

71

72

CLIMATE CHANGE

T

+ 38%

RAINFALL

+ 60-200 CM SEA LEVEL RISE

WINTER 73

-52%

RAINFALL

DRINKING WATER

SUMMER

DESIGN APPROACH The location of the project is determined by the topography and infrastructure of the city.

The analysis unearthed a shift in layers between the valley and the railway system.

Sequentially, the railway system that is sometimes manifested as a wall, becomes a gap on the other side of the topographic layer.

Because of the importance of the valley in the city, the project is developed by looking from the outside to the inside, by creating a soft mobility network that is connected to the existing infrastructure but simultaneously crosses the landscape created within.

With the background that the North Quarter is built on the original floodplain, the project seeks to reclaim the floodplain by removing all unnecessary infrastructure and creating a watersensitive landscape: a resilient city that takes into account climate change is hence created.

CO2 FOREST AREAS

+10% OZONE

T

The project, gives the area a new identity while simultaneously rendering each neighbourhood its own individuality. The North Quarter will become a sculpture in the water while the railway gives new functions and characters to every district it passes through.

74

DEEP ROOT TREES

GINKGO BILBOBA: 8,6 - 20,2

GYMNOCLADUS DIOICUS: 10,3 - 18,6

ROOFTOP TREES

PYRUS COMMUNIS: 5,1 - 14,6

CORNUS MAC: 2 - 3,5

ZELKOVA SERRATA: 15 - 26

WATER PLANTS

BUTOMUS UMBELLATUS: 0,45 - 0,65

PONTEDERIA CORDATA: 0,42 - 0,45

TYPHA LATIFOLIA: 1,7 - 3,2 75

MASTER PLAN

MASTER SECTION 76

Raised deck over the artificial water system

Section through the railway system wedges between two towers

Bringing river Zenne back above ground

Water cascade collection pool

Viewing deck overlooking the city

77

SECTION CUT AREAS

Raised deck over railway giving a view in to the Tours and Taxis park

Through the old station railhouses and new water park with raised decks as walkways

Elevation through Aarschot Street showing the sequence of buildings that create the wall

Section through the small artificial water system, the flooded park and the large cutting.

78

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