Tourism The Business of Hospitality and Travel, 5th Edition Test Bank

Tourism The Business of Hospitality and Travel, 5th Edition By Roy A. Cook , Cathy H. C. Hsu, Joseph J. Marqua

Chapter 01 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

Which of the following statements describing tourism is incorrect?

Services and tourism go hand in hand.

Tourism rebounds quickly from environmental impacts.

Tourism is not sensitive to economic ups and downs.

Tourism fits into 16 types of travel­related and hospitality services.

2

The U.S. Travel Association does NOT include which of the following in its definition of travel? trips away from home to places 50 miles or more relocating to another country trips that include an overnight stay one way (day trips)

3

The three broad categories of reasons to travel include ________. vacation, visits to friends, and business vacation, education, and business relocation, business, and vacation business, visits to friend, and health tourism

4

Airlines have formed ________ with other airlines (carriers) to provide seamless travel across states, countries, and continents. strategic alliances developmental delivery platforms cooperatives consortiums

5

Travel as an industry probably began to develop during the ________.

Empire Era Middle Ages Renaissance Era Grand Tour Era

6

When was the euro currency introduced, signalling liberalization of travel among member nations of the European Union?

2000 2001 2002

2004 7

The increase in tourism industry activities with new roads, stagecoaches, passenger trains, and sailing ships marked which era?

Modern Era Mobility Era Grand Tour Era Renaissance Era

8

Which of the following is NOT among the three basic building blocks used to measure financial success? margin turnover leverage return on investment (ROI)

9

Grand Tour participants usually found themselves visiting ________.

France, Italy, and Germany Belgium, Switzerland, and England England, Switzerland, and Germany England, Germany, and Russia

10

Mass tourism can be traced to the introduction of paid vacations by ________.

Henry Ford Dennis Tito George Westinghouse Thomas Cook

11

Factors that have discouraged travel do NOT include ________. terrorism rising fuel prices health scares widespread Internet access

12

________ are symbols or icons often used on maps to indicate points of interest, services, and attractions.

Legends Scales Indexes Locators

13

Geography includes ________.

landforms, water, vegetation, climate, and also people landforms, water, vegetation, and climate landforms, vegetation, and climate landforms, water, and climate 14

The four Ps of the marketing mix include all of the following EXCEPT ________. product place productivity price

15

The study of management provides a unified approach to planning, organizing, directing, and ________ present and future actions for accomplishing organization goals. staffing visualizing capitalizing controlling

16

Which of the following questions will help you identify ethical and unethical behavior?

Will I get caught?

Has someone else gotten away with the same action?

Will someone be hurt in this situation?

Will my actions increase profits?

17

The Mobility Era began in the ________ century. seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth

18

An organization's ________ allows it to read its environment and move in the direction of profitable operations. financial information system operations marketing management

Chapter 01 TRUE FALSE 1

Tourism activities have historically demonstrated a general upward trend in numbers of participants and revenues.

True False

2

Tourism can be classified as a distinct industry.

True False

3

The focal point for all tourism activities should be tourists.

True False

4

Japan is now the Asian nation with the most outbound travelers.

True False

5

Tourism as an industry probably began to develop during the Empire Era. True False

6

Thomas Cook can be credited with organizing the first group tour.

True False

7

Robinson projection is a projection that resembles a flattened orange peel, and creates the most accurate view of the Earth, with the least amount of distortion.

True False

8

The imaginary line that runs north and south through Greenwich, England, and connects the two poles is called the prime meridian.

True False

9

Henry Ford's mass production of the Model T brought freedom to travel for millions of people.

True False

10

Many segments of the tourism industry are adding convenience charges on to their service offerings to improve profitability.

True False

11

Regional geography provides the means to identify and describe natural features over the entire Earth, including landforms, water, vegetation, and climate.

True False

12

Human and cultural geography describe the same features.

True False

13

A knowledge of human geography sensitizes travelers and prevents them from committing social blunders.

True False

14

Meeting visitor needs relies on a complex set of tools and techniques that are referred to as the marketing

mix.

True False 15

Profits are revenues in excess of expenses.

True False

16

It is possible to create a flat map of the Earth without distortion.

True False

17

Marketing is often called the "language of business."

True False

18

Leverage refers to using other people's money.

True False

19

Tourism will never lead to environmental degradation.

True False

20

The only way to decide how to act ethically in an organization is to follow a published code of ethics.

True False

Chapter 02 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

External sources of information may be grouped into which of the following two sources? allocentrics and venturers personal and nonpersonal heterogeneous and homogeneous business and professional

2

Which of the following is NOT an example of micro­level marketing information? choice of airline brochures on certain attractions choice of destination options on travel routes

3

All of the following are "push" factors in tourist motivations EXCEPT ________. desire for escape rest and relaxation health and fitness ease of access

4

An allocentric personality would prefer which of the following? unusual destinations low activity levels heavy tourist accommodations complete tour packages

5

Which of the following types of needs comprises the lowest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs? belongingness physiological self­actualization esteem

6

The task of meeting diverse needs and wants led to the idea of ________. optimal arousal theory elastic demand market segmentation incentive travel

7

Which of the following is an example of a tourism activity fulfilling a belongingness need?

group tours with people having similar interests and/or backgrounds learning the language and culture before traveling to another country easily accessible food outlets in theme parks reservation service provided at government­ approved agencies 8

According to Plog, travelers seeking the comfort of familiar surroundings in their tourism experiences would be classified as ________. psychocentrics venturers midcentrics near­venturer

9

Which of the following group of people can be classified as adapters? women facing economic and family concerns contented elderly people that still find newness fun and challenging young people on the go slightly older, affluent opinion­leaders

10

Which of the following is the most commonly used basis for market segmentation? geographic psychographic demographic product­related

11

Which of the following is NOT a product­related variable? the primary desire for comfort and relaxation the benefits people seek from the good or service the amount of good or service used the degree of company loyalty

12

Which of the following sequences represents the order of the five­step approach used by marketers in the segmentation decision process? choose a segmentation approach, profile each segment, develop forecasts, estimate value of market, decide which segment to target decide which segment to target, profile each segment, choose a segmentation approach, develop forecasts, estimate value of market profile each segment, decide which segment to

approach, choose a segmentation approach, estimate value of market, develop forecasts develop forecasts, estimate value of market, profile each segment, decide which segment to approach, choose a segmentation approach 13

Which group of travelers is considered to be the backbone or "bread and butter"of the tourism industry? incentive travelers special­interest travelers mature travelers business travelers

14

Which of the following statements concerning mature travelers is NOT true?

They are the fastest­growing segment of the travel market.

They are less price sensitive than vacation and leisure travelers.

They control over three­quarters of the disposable wealth in the United States.

They control over 50% of the disposable income in the United States.

15

Incentive travel programs are designed to ________. create competition control travel expenses delight demanding visitors combine business and pleasure

16

________ provides a good foundation for, as well as a brief glimpse into, the fundamentals of motivation.

The hierarchy of needs Travel career patterns The psychocentric­allocentric model Market segmentation

17

In the segmentation process, after selecting a segmentation process ________. one estimates likely market share of each segment one designs appropriate marketing mix one forecasts market potential of each segment one creates a detailed profile of segments

18

Which of the following segments does NOT belong to the SMERFs?

vacation clubs reunions shopping weddings

Chapter 02 TRUE FALSE 1

Consumer behavior is the study of consumer characteristics and the process involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, and use goods and services to satisfy wants and needs.

True False

2

Resort brochures and billboards are examples of nonpersonal sources of information.

True False

3

Consumer research has proven that we notice and respond to advertisements when we least expect them.

True False

4

Multidestination trips tend to be more rigidly planned and do not allow for spontaneity.

True False

5

Travel guides are viewed as neutral sources of information because the author is usually not being compensated by suppliers to make the recommendations included in the guide.

True False

6

Self­actualization could be attained by learning the language and culture before traveling to another country and then practicing on arrival.

True False

7

The Travel Career Patterns (TCP) developed by Pearce involves three categories: geographic, demographic, and psychographic.

True False

8

The venturer found at one extreme of Plog's continuum would be referred to by marketers as an "innovator."

True False

9

Geographic segmentation is the oldest and simplest basis for market segmentation.

True False

10

A homogeneous market is one composed of people having differing characteristics and needs.

True False

11

The introduction of teleconferencing has resulted in the decline of business and professional travel.

True False

12

Incentive travel programs cannot be purchased by retail travel agencies.

True False

13

SMERF stands for Social, Military, Education, Religion, and Fraternal.

True False

14

Social groups are the hardest SMERFs to identify and target.

True False

15

Special interest travelers often travel in small groups on very specific itineraries.

True False

16

The length of a trip will play a role in determining how much pretrip planning occurs.

True False

17

Quality accommodation is a pull factor for visitors.

True False

18

Tour packages that offer frequent rest stops address the physiological needs of travelers.

True False

Chapter 03 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

An example of a facilitating good would be ________. concierge services brochures information from a front office clerk service upgrades

2

All of the following can serve as definitions of quality EXCEPT ________. subjective perceptions of excellence objective measures of certain attributes or ingredients descriptions of services offered perceived value of services

3

When services are considered as theater, which of the following would be performed backstage? valet parking reception/host/hostess food servers food production

4

Which of the following options can NOT be classified under the "five service quality dimensions"? tangibles service expectations reliability empathy

5

Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to customers who are highly satisfied?

They tell more people about their experiences than dissatisfied customers.

They become more valuable customers.

They are likely to purchase again and spend more in the future.

They pay more attention to competitors' ads than dissatisfied customers.

6

A learning organization could be described by all of the following statements EXCEPT ________. employee participation is encouraged employee commitment is encouraged a core team is held accountable for organizational

success a workplace environment fostering motivation is encouraged 7

All of the following management methods are used to ensure high­quality service EXCEPT ________. regularly surveying customers frequently interacting with customers ignoring front­line employee opinion reducing the number of management levels

8

When you need help remembering the problem­solving steps, just LAUGH, which means ________.

Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Get, Handle Hostilities Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Give, Hit Home Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Go, Hold Temper Listen, Acknowledge, Understand, Greet, Host

9

Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of a service guarantee?

The guarantee should be unconditional.

The guarantee should be easy to understand.

The guarantee should be meaningful.

The guarantee should provide leeway for management to save money.

10

Which of the following options is NOT a part of the Service Quality Model? service expectations and factors that put in service quality marketing communications perceived service quality satisfaction

11

In the tourism industry, which of the following words is synonymous with quality? courtesy friendliness hospitality responsiveness

12

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of providing high­quality services? ability to charge higher prices ability to increase market share

ability to generate brand­loyal customers ability to reduce marketing expenditures 13

Services are ________. easy to define actions performed on behalf of a customer easy to inventory not perishable

14

The physical aspects of services that we can see and with which we interact are called ________. tangibles assurances responsiveness empathy

15

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the human resources department? implementing best practices through effective recruitment, selection, training, retention, and team­ building programs ensuring clear communication of an organization's vision and programs designed to generate and reward desired employee behaviors creating an environment where customer satisfaction can be measured and achieved remaining focused on price, market share, and cost savings strategies

16

Which of the following would NOT be considered one of the management methods that ensures high­quality service? the learning and understanding of customer wants the emphasizing of team goals the selecting and training of the right team taking on the role of a boss and not that of a coach

17

"Turning the guest's frown upside down" is called ________. service recovery "do it right the first time" spirit service encounter positive break

18

Which of the following is NOT a common negative break in service supported by research findings? failure in the core service

unwillingness to accommodate a customer's special needs inattention or rudeness suggestion for a place to dine by a front desk clerk

Chapter 03 TRUE FALSE 1

Facilitating goods are tangible items that support or accompany the service being provided.

True False

2

Quality is only subjective in nature.

True False

3

Tourism services perish or lose their value with the passage of time.

True False

4

Quality assurance in tourism services is independent of the services provided by each one of the multiple tourism suppliers.

True False

5

When customers perceive a company's product as superior in quality, they are willing to pay higher prices.

True False

6

Surveys have shown that customers will return if the food is mediocre but the service is great.

True False

7

Reliability is the physical aspect of the service that we can see and with which we interact.

True False

8

Empathy describes the faith we have in service personnel to perform their tasks as trained.

True False

9

Learning organizations are dedicated to continuous improvement and organizational effectiveness.

True False

10

Employees who are trained to follow policies strictly may find it difficult to develop creative solutions to meet customer needs.

True False

11

Allowing employees to make decisions relying on their best judgment can lower turnover and lead to intense customer loyalty.

True False

12

Research shows that positive breaks from service scripts lead to highly memorable and highly satisfying service encounters.

True False

13

The customer's level of satisfaction is influenced by the comparison of expected quality to actual perceived quality.

True False

14

It is easy to plan for and manage quality because it can

be specifically defined and measured.

True False

15

Interactions between service employees and customers are called service encounters.

True False

16

Assurance refers to employees' willingness to help customers and their promptness in providing service.

True False

17

One of the primary functions of human resource departments in today's service environment is to implement best practices through effective recruitment, selection, training, and team­building programs.

True False

18

Recognizing individual efforts that lead to team success promotes employee involvement and commitment.

True False

19

Service guarantees have proven to be of little value in attracting and satisfying customers.

True False

20

Training and empowering team members to make decisions and solve problems are important steps toward the emphasizing of team goals.

True False

Chapter 04 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

When Thomas Cook organized the first group tour, he was serving as a(n) ________. travel agent meeting planner intermediary conductor

2

Which of the following is NOT a value­added function provided by intermediaries? risk­shifting to service providers providing information making reservations marketing excess inventory

3

Which of the following segments of the tourism industry has continued to nurture a close working relationship with travel agents? airlines hotels cruise lines theme parks

4

The simplest form of distribution, providing direct access to tourism suppliers, would be classified as a ________. one­level distribution channel two­level distribution channel three­level distribution channel traditional distribution channel

5

The difference between the price for which travel agencies can obtain the service and the price they can charge when selling the service is called ________. commission markup discount value­added service

6

Travel agencies can be classified into all of the following categories EXCEPT ________. mega agencies cruise­only agencies Internet agencies no­frills agencies

7

The financial network and clearinghouse that allows travel agencies to sell airline tickets is ________.

CRS ARC OTA FIT

8

Traditionally, wholesalers provide what percentage of all room revenues in destinations such as Hawaii and the Caribbean?

30 to 40 40 to 50 50 to 60 60 to 70

9

The most structured type of tour and usually the most complete in its components is a ________. hosted tour escorted tour independent tour foreign tour

10

The typical markup on tour package components is ________.

10% about 20% or less more than 50% about 36%

11

Which of the following buys excess inventory of unsold airline tickets and then resells the tickets at discounted prices? intermediaries franchises consortiums consolidators

12

One of the most pressing responsibilities of meeting planners is to ________. provide Web­based services create service guarantees control costs provide on­site registration

13

Win­win situations for both tourism customers and suppliers are created through a process called ________. personal selling

dynamic packaging customer relationship management global distribution systems 14

Sales people who actively solicit business or engage in sales efforts that draw customers to a supplier's services are called ________. missionaries tour operators facilitators customer service representatives

15

Which of the following is the salesperson's first contact with a client? trip planning approaching the client building relationships qualifying the client

16

Which of the following is an agent's post­Internet role? overall travel experience management transactional focus transactions processing client follow­ups

17

The final step in the selling process is ________. collecting for the sale writing a contract delivering the service following up to ensure client satisfaction

18

All of the following correctly describe tourism information that is available through the Internet EXCEPT ________. speed reliability 24/7 availability inexpensive access

Chapter 04 TRUE FALSE 1

In a two­level channel, travel agents serve as intermediaries, bringing suppliers and consumers together.

True False

2

Intermediaries in tourism distribution channels perform a variety of value­adding functions.

True False

3

Technology has rendered travel agents useless in the distribution function.

True False

4

Travel agencies take title to the services they sell.

True False

5

The majority of cruises are booked through travel agents.

True False

6

Only a small portion of a travel agent's day is spent making reservations.

True False

7

The majority of all travel agency business is conducted through global distribution systems.

True False

8

Travel agent commission on airline bookings averages 10% of the ticket price.

True False

9

An independent tour is the least structured tour package.

True False

10

Even with all­inclusive tours, travelers still face many cost uncertainties for unanticipated services.

True False

11

Tour operators and wholesalers are heavily regulated at the national level, creating significant barriers to entry for new companies desiring to provide these services.

True False

12

A receptive service operator coordinates the local suppliers serving the needs of tour groups.

True False

13

Participants travelling to meetings represent $1 out of every $4 spent on travel.

True False

14

The number­one factor that associations consider when

selecting a meeting site is quality of service.

True False

15

The role of receptive service operators often encompasses cooperative marketing, inquiry fulfilment, public relations, and sales promotion.

True False

16

The best way for tourism professionals to gain information about a particular location is through a fam trip.

True False

17

Tourism Confluence International is the world's largest international travel marketplace.

True False

18

A successful sales person is constantly gathering additional knowledge that will be useful to existing and potential clients.

True False

19

The sales presentation entails asking questions to discover specific needs and budgetary considerations.

True False

20

Dynamic packaging creates opportunities for greater margins.

True False

Chapter 05 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

New knowledge and tools used to improve productivity and systems are referred to as ________. data resource systems enhancement learning systems technology

2

Decisions on information systems facing chief information officers and information technology professionals include all of the following EXCEPT ________. deciding which ones to use whether to develop them in­house or buy them whether they should be centralized or dispersed throughout the property whether to use them to respond to operational demands

3

Which industry pioneered the centralization of information management functions for operational efficiencies and profit improvement? restaurant hotel airline car rental

4

A technological advancement that does NOT need direct line of sight to be read and that provides for low­cost tracking and security enhancements by using radio waves is called ________.

MIS RFID POS system bar­coded tag

5

Intuitive touch screen systems in restaurant settings provide all of the following benefits EXCEPT ________. reduced training time reduced input errors and waste more healthful menus improved customer service

6

An enterprise resource planning system is ________. the evaluation of training needs

another name for a point­of­sale system a combination of all information sources, subsystems, and processes into one unified system a self­service option 7

Do­it­yourself services are provided through ________. kiosks bar codes ERPs POS systems

8

Data­mining information would NOT be used for ________. providing customized services evaluating training needs menu engineering maintaining employee payroll records

9

Which of the following statements does NOT describe tourism industry segments before the widespread adoption of the Internet?

Consumers bought airline tickets via the airlines' call centers and traditional travel agencies.

Airlines owned the proprietary systems, which listed available air inventories based on schedules with price being a secondary, hidden factor.

Basic schedule­based inventory practices continued even after airlines sold off the reservations systems.

Customers already had the benefits of information transparency and a broad range of product selection.

10

Global Distribution System (GDS) allows travel intermediaries to make reservations for hotels and resorts, but ________. the travel intermediaries also can sell a variety of product combinations in real time price comparison across products options is not possible integrated market services and information is not available information transparency is not available

11

The effects of technology on tourism have been advantageous except for the fact that ________. transaction time has increased labor cost for operators has increased language barriers are now more of a problem for international travelers

negative user­generated comments facilitated through social networking can be disseminated at lightning­fast speed 12

Which of the following is NOT true about central reservation systems (CRSs)?

Chain hotels use CRSs for room booking.

Modern CRSs provide customer profile, behavior, and preferences information for data mining.

Most independent hotels use proprietary CRSs for room booking.

Reservation functions on hotel websites are part of CRSs.

13

________ are NOT a form of biometric.

Body scans Fingerprint scans Facial scans Iris scans

14

Revenue management was developed by ________.

Holiday Inns Bell Laboratories Sterling International Utell International

15

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions under which revenue management is used?

Capacity is relatively fixed.

Demand can be separated into distinct market segments.

Inventory is perishable.

Demand is stable.

16

Which of the following is NOT true of the effects of the Internet on the tourism industry?

The Internet expanded travelers' access to information and choices for points of purchase, intensifying competition.

Online booking engines allow travelers to compare available inventories by both price and availability.

The Internet has allowed users to disseminate positive or negative information about services at lightning­fast speeds.

Since online users are not confident of the security

of the Internet, very few travelers rely on this medium for their travel needs.

17

Revenue management is also called what? capacity allocation customer management yield management dynamic packaging

18

Which of the following is NOT a statistic generated by airlines from the data that are gathered to maintain revenue management systems? available seat miles revenue passenger miles return on investment load factor

19

Which of the following are being incorporated into expanded airline revenue management programs? flight planning and crew management marketing plans and food service cargo sales and Internet services Internet services and biometrics

Chapter 05 TRUE FALSE 1

Increases in data storage capacities and processing speeds have been realized through increasing costs.

True False

2

Leaders in travel services stay on the cutting edge of technology by enhancing services through ONEsystem+, an Internet engine designed to provide rapid and flexible reporting for event management.

True False

3

Using RFIDs, multiple tags can be read at one time, and hence they can be used in ticketing, identification verification, and tour group coordination.

True False

4

In the face of rising wages, increasing input costs, and intensifying competition, tourism service suppliers have been forced to increase productivity.

True False

5

Most of the MIS functions for the airlines and other transportation service providers were centralized for operational efficiencies and improvement in profit.

True False

6

Point­of­sale systems in restaurant settings, with intuitive touch screens, have the major drawback of increasing training time.

True False

7

The do­it­yourself approach among tourism service suppliers was initiated by the airlines.

True False

8

An ERP system allows every department and function within a hotel or resort, even an entire chain in diverse geographic locations, to store and/or retrieve information on a real­time basis.

True False

9

The demand for best­price rather than schedule­based airline inventories was met even before the advent of the Internet.

True False

10

User­generated content was made possible through touch screen data ports.

True False

11

Handheld devices like wireless systems and pagers have not had any effect on customer service.

True False

12

Property management systems (PMSs) integrate a variety of activities at the property level, such as reservation, guest profile, and so on.

True False

13

The Global Distribution System (GDS) allows travel agents to make room reservations on the websites of intermediaries specialized in online lodging product distribution and to receive commissions.

True False

14

Reservation systems allow leisure travelers to save

money by making advance reservations with specific time restrictions.

True False 15

CRSs are internal systems shared by member hotels.

True False

16

Guidebooks in downloadable form and that can be carried on smart phones, tablet computers, or other mobile devices are yet to be made available for tech savvy travelers.

True False

17

Revenue management was initially used as a scheduling tool by the airline industry.

True False

18

Dynamic packaging and suggestive selling can create increased profit opportunities.

True False

19

The true yield on a flight would be based on the number of revenue­paying passengers who booked seats on the flight.

True False

Chapter 06 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

The components of the transportation system can be conveniently classified into which of the following pairs of broad categories? direct and round­trip FAA and IATA surface and air spoke and trunk

2

Passenger rail service had its origins in ________.

China Europe Japan the United States

3

Passenger rail service in the United States is provided through ________.

Amtrak CANRAILPASS VIA DOT

4

________ heralded the demise of point­to­point ocean crossings.

Passenger ferries Transcontinental service Cruise ships The jet engine

5

The largest car rental fleet is maintained by ________.

Avis Enterprise Hertz Alamo

6

Intercity bus travel ________. is growing in popularity has remained constant for several years continues to decline serves mainly long travel routes

7

The primary market segment served by buses in North

America are ________. charter groups lower income groups the elderly business travelers 8

The purpose of ________ is to facilitate the movement of passengers and freight across a combination of route structures and international boundaries.

VIA CANRAILPASS ARC IATA

9

Frequent­flier marketing programs were initiated by ________.

American Airlines Southwest Airlines Qantas Lufthansa

10

The process of coordinating flight schedules so that aircraft arrive and depart during similar time periods is called ________. federal aviation administration circle­trip flight banks of flights hub­and­spoke system

11

Regional/commuter airlines, which fly domestic passengers on spoke routes, typically operate on a ________ basis. trunk route code share open­jaw overbooking

12

The hub­and­spoke system is used primarily by ________. regional carriers code­share carriers legacy carriers start­up airlines

13

All of the following designations are used to classify airline trips EXCEPT ________. round­trip circle­trip

business one­way 14

Which of the following did NOT contribute to the decline in passenger rail service in the United States?

Automobile ownership increased.

Major highway construction increased.

Intercity bus routes were substantially expanded.

Railroads did not adequately maintain their tracks.

15

Long­distance cruise ship crossings are typically restricted to ________. repositioning cruises small carriers open­jaw trips intermodal transportation

16

Which of the following factors figures as the highest share of operating expense in the domestic and international U.S. airline industry? fuel salary and benefits aircraft ownership aircraft maintenance

17

Which of the following statements does NOT pertain to motorcoaches ?

Its primary market segment are people between 24 and 45 years of age.

It continues to consolidate and pare its schedules.

It focuses primarily on trips of less than 250 miles.

It still provides a vital link in domestic and international transportation systems.

18

The ________ has responsibility for the safety of air transportation carriers.

U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Air Transportation Association International Air Transport Association

Chapter 06 TRUE FALSE 1

Transportation has become so efficient that we often think of travel in terms of time rather than distance.

True False

2

Passenger ferry routes have been designed to tie in with rail and road systems to facilitate intermodal transportation.

True False

3

Trains have become so significant in Europe that they move more than 40 times more passengers every day than in the United States.

True False

4

The success of the Eurailpass is based on the fact that it is available to domestic travelers as well as international travelers.

True False

5

Bumping is the process of denying boarding to airline passengers with confirmed reservations due to overbooking the flight.

True False

6

More than 80% of overnight weekend travelers in the United States drive to their destinations.

True False

7

Long­distance rail travel was given a boost in the United States when George Pullman developed the Pullman coach, with sleeping facilities for overnight

travel.

True False 8

The first scheduled passenger flight occurred in the United States.

True False

9

Rolling hubs are replacing traditional hub­and­spoke operations as airlines seek economies of scale and scope by eliminating peak departure hours.

True False

10

An open­jaw trip is a round­trip that allows the passenger to utilize different points of origin or departure.

True False

11

All major carriers are able to turn their aircraft around, or push them, in 15 minutes or less.

True False

12

Code­sharing agreements have been established between airlines and rail lines.

True False

13

Rolling­hub operations have eliminated peak departure hours by more evenly spreading flights throughout the day.

True False

14

Passenger rail services are provided by private corporations in most countries.

True False

15

The demand for rental cars is largely determined by demand for scheduled airline services.

True False

16

Every city with scheduled passenger air service has its own two­letter airport code to identify the airport that is served.

True False

17

Prior to the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, airlines competed on price.

True False

18

A circle­trip allows passengers to utilize different points of origin or departure.

True False

Chapter 07 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

Which of the following statements about accommodations is NOT true with respect to tourism?

Development of lodging facilities happened irrespective of improvements in transportation.

Accommodations attract visitors and create opportunities for the guests to spend time and money in this area.

Attracting and retaining guests requires attention to their needs.

The hotel industry recognized and developed varying brands within hotel chains to meet the needs of specific market segments.

2

Low­demand weeks for timeshare operations are classified as ________. red white blue green

3

Employee­to­guest ratios of ________ allow conference center managers to focus on specific needs of the group and thus provide high­quality customer service.

1:0.5 to 1:2.5 1:3.0 to 1:4.5 1:6.5 to 1:8.5 1:10.0 to 1:15.0

4

An example of a lodging chain operating limited­service economy properties would be ________.

Four Seasons Marriott Super 8 Hilton

5

Lodging properties providing a 24­hour front desk, upgraded interior and exterior decors, limited food service, extra room amenities, and other services would fit into which of the following categories? limited­service budget motels limited­service economy motels full­service, mid­priced hotels and motels luxury hotels

6

All of the following statements regarding organizational

structures in lodging properties are true EXCEPT which?

The general manager is the focal point for employees, guests, and the community.

Basic operating functions include administration, guest contact services, and guest support services.

Larger and more complex properties require additional cost center functions like marketing and accounting.

Cashiering is grouped under guest support services.

7

Which of the following statements about the back­of­ the house guest service support group is INCORRECT? It serves as the point of exchange for most financial transactions.

It has the largest number of employees in a lodging property.

Housekeeping is the key of the back­of­the­house guest service support group.

It coordinates its activities very closely with the front office, as it maintains the cleanliness of the property.

8

The idea of using management contracts to operate lodging properties was developed by ________.

Sheraton Hotels Hyatt Hotels Hilton Hotels Westin

9

All of the following characteristics are true of franchisees EXCEPT which?

The property owner is not responsible for any operating issues.

There is no need of capital investment in physical facilities like CRS or training programs.

Standard operating procedures must be followed at the expense of operational flexibility.

The spirit of the corporate brand needs to be delivered.

10

Group of properties that are affiliated with one another and have common ownership and/or management control and oversight are called ________. franchise properties chain properties management contract properties timeshares

11

According to the accommodation terminology, a "double" is a ________. room with two twin beds room with one double bed room with two double beds room with more than one bedroom

12

The rooms side of lodging properties typically generates what percentage of total operating revenue and departmental operating margin, respectively?

50% and 50% 50% and 30% 60% and 70% 80% and 20%

13

Government employees may be offered significant discounts at lodging properties because they are frequently limited on how much they can spend based on a ________. per diem rate rack rate contract rate average rate

14

The idea of guaranteeing accommodations during a specific time period at a resort location was started by _______.

Fontainebleau Resort in Miami Beach, Florida Resort Condominiums International Disney Hotels a ski resort in the French Alps called SuperDevoluy

15

Which of the following statements is NOT true of a straight rental agreement?

All condominium owners share in rental income based on the square footage of their units.

Condo owners receive a portion of the rental revenues.

The owners typically pay for all taxes, utilities, and general maintenance expenses.

The owners receive a percentage of the rental income (usually 49%), and the management company retains the remainder (usually 51%).

16

A(n) ________ is a B & B concept that began in small towns and rural areas of Europe, where a family would open its home to travelers. condominium pension

motel inn 17

Which of the following statements about timeshares is NOT true?

Buying a timeshare means purchasing fixed weeks at a single­site location on a fee simple or right­to­use basis.

Purchasers could exchange their units and times with other owners at participating locations.

Timeshare companies now offer flexibility through multisite programs, global exchanges, point systems, and vacation clubs.

Occupancy is based on the idea of fixed and floating weeks, instead of accumulation of "points."

18

Hotel developers use the following rule of thumb: For every $1,000 in construction costs, ________ in room revenue per night must be achieved. $1 $5 $10 $20

Chapter 07 TRUE FALSE 1

Very small B & B homes are generally operated for supplemental income, tax benefits, and as a means of defraying utility costs rather than as an investment or sole source of income.

True False

2

The United States leads the world in the number of timeshare purchasers.

True False

3

According to hotel terminology, an American Plan indicates the inclusion of continental or full breakfast, lunch, and dinner in the room price.

True False

4

In response to the growing popularity of RVs, apart from campgrounds and RV parks, many lodging facilities too are providing parking spaces for these vehicles.

True False

5

Hotels have been especially viable financial investments, as is evidenced by the fact that less than 10% of all hotels went bankrupt during the Great Depression.

True False

6

An independent hotel that has unique architecture and décor and fewer than 150 rooms is referred to as a boutique hotel.

True False

7

RevPACs are used to manage all of a property's financial reporting and a variety of other tasks, such as pricing and travel agent commissions.

True False

8

Referral organizations serve the needs of property owners catering to specific market niches.

True False

9

Additional revenue centers that might be seen for some hotel operations include meeting room revenues, technology revenues, spa revenues, and rental and concession revenues.

True False

10

Everyone working in a lodging property is in some way involved in sales.

True False

11

It is common in many lodging properties to find the front office manager and the executive housekeeper reporting to the director of rooms.

True False

12

Construction and pricing decisions should be based on the ability to achieve break­even occupancy levels.

True False

13

The rack rate is the standard and most expensive quoted rate for one night's lodging and is the most profitable rate for a property.

True False

14

Providing amenities like Internet access is a "functional" strategy for developing loyal guests.

True False

15

Lodging reservations are binding contracts.

True False

16

The prime age for timeshare purchasers is 45 to 64.

True False

17

The financial performance of lodging properties has been historically cyclical.

True False

Chapter 08 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

________ are tourists seeking restaurants providing good food for money expended.

Healthy food seekers Service seekers Atmosphere seekers Value seekers

2

The commercial raising of shrimp, salmon, and oysters is called ________. alembic aquaculture perfuming commissary

3

Which of the following dishes was served at the first restaurant established by M. Boulanger in France? live lobster french fries trotters chateaubriand

4

The system developed by Escoffier in which each position in the kitchen had an assigned station or workplace and clear­cut responsibilities is called the ________. brigade system guild system tracking system automated system

5

The first step in planning to meet guest expectations with foods and beverages is ________. presentation of the menu designing the menu selecting service ware designing plate presentation

6

The most artistic step in preparing to meet guests' foodservice needs is ________. presentation of the menus selecting the service ware delivering the menu items designing the plate presentation

7

________ is the coordination of each required task and activity.

Timing Rhythm Flow Yield

8

Centrally located foodservice storage areas designed to supply multiple outlets are called ________. wineries inventories purveyors commissaries

9

Which of the following is a type of menu that provides little choice? table d'hôte La Cuisine Classique à la carte Le Vrai Cuisinier Francois

10

During which of the following periods did the spread of cooking knowledge and skills stop and even began to diminish? nineteenth­twentieth centuries sixteenth­seventeenth centuries fifth­fourteenth centuries fourteenth­sixteenth centuries

11

Common benchmarks used to measure performance in food service operations include all of the following EXCEPT ________. sales per seat sales per employee daily seat turnover employee turnover

12

Creating the foods we enjoy involves a combination of ________. color, texture, shape, aroma, and arrangement rhythm and timing, resulting in a smooth, efficient operation technology, science, and a great deal of culinary and service talent menu designing, place setting, plate presentation, and appropriate level of service

13

Whose appetite for pleasurable indulgences placed cooks in high demand and raised the status of cooking

to an art form? the Romans the Greeks the French the Chinese 14

Automated systems that strictly control the amount of alcohol poured and electronically transmit this information to a computerized cash register create the opportunity to ________. practice free pour keep munchies on the table maintain a perpetual inventory invent new drinks

15

Which of the following technologies does NOT allow foods to be stored longer and transported over greater distances without affecting quality? refrigeration freezing reduction irradiation

16

The laws defining the legal level of blood alcohol before driving impairment occurs typically put it in the range of ________. about 0.25% 0.08% to 0.10% less than 0.40% 0.02% to 0.04%

17

The document that is used to communicate catering needs within an organization is called a ________. prime vendor agreement purchase order banquet event order form contribution margin

18

A food and beverage function designed, priced, and produced for a client, usually for a single event or occasion, is called a ________. brigade commissary purveyor banquet

Chapter 08 TRUE FALSE 1

Travel allows us to visit new locations and sample new types of foods and beverages.

True False

2

Research has shown that culinary tourists are less educated and spend less than other tourists.

True False

3

The fifth and final step in planning to meet guest expectations is determining the plate presentation for all menu items.

True False

4

Food and beverage events can be critical components in attracting tourists to resorts, festivals, theme parks, casinos, and many other destinations.

True False

5

Escoffier was probably the most influential chef of modern times since he reorganized the work stations in kitchens, eliminating duplicate efforts.

True False

6

The guest experience is determined by a variety of interrelated factors, from menu design and place settings to plate presentation and style of service.

True False

7

Timing is the sequencing of each task and activity to produce desired results.

True False

8

The brigade system is a rigid structure of food service organizations that can only be used in fine dining establishments.

True False

9

Prime vendor agreements are contracts that specify the item(s) wanted, including a brief description of quality and grade, the number, and the price.

True False

10

Culinary tours have always been a significant component of the overall tourism industry.

True False

11

Labor is the largest controllable expense for food and beverage operations.

True False

12

The bacterial red zone is where most bacteria grow or multiply rapidly when products are held at temperatures below 41 degrees Fahrenheit.

True False

13

Suppliers to the foodservice industry are called purveyors.

True False

14

In partnership relationships, prime vendor agreements are negotiated where the majority of purchases are

directed towards one purveyor.

True False 15

A banquet is a food and beverage function designed, priced, and produced for a client, usually for a single event or occasion.

True False

16

Perfuming is the practice of heating and cooking off alcoholic beverages in dessert recipes.

True False

17

Pairings of nonalcoholic beverages and foods should also be taken into consideration when designing and pricing menus.

True False

18

Table d'hôte is a French term referring to a menu in which each item is priced and prepared separately.

True False

Chapter 09 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

All of the following can be considered broad categories of possible leisure­time choices for tourists EXCEPT________. heritage attractions educational seminars commercial attractions live entertainment

2

All of the following statements about tourists are true EXCEPT that they ________. tend to seek out a variety of attractions and entertainment participate in many leisure and recreational activities are mostly attracted to new culinary opportunities seek to see, do, and experience new things

3

Attractions differ from events in all of the following aspects EXCEPT ________. attractions may be either natural locations or constructed facilities most attractions are permanent attractions are not­for­profit visitor attendance and cash flow of attractions are typically influenced by seasonal changes

4

Heritage attractions include all of the following EXCEPT ________. museums fairs and festivals zoos and aquariums theme parks

5

Which of the following is NOT a solution to cash flow management problems for attraction operators? recruiting and training retirees and college students during the busy season negotiating a line of credit and extended payment terms with suppliers selling seasonal passes at the end of the season or before the season begins paying flat salaries to students who stay throughout the season

6

Which of the following statements is NOT true about

museums?

The diverse cultures of other people and the past that are displayed in museums attract tourists.

The number of available museums throughout the world is decreasing.

The types of museums from which visitors can choose include general, art, history, science and technology, military, and natural history.

Countries are taking steps to preserve historic treasures and attract visitors through active restoration and interpretive programs.

7

One of the newest and most spectacular aquariums in the world is located at Expo '98 in the city of ________.

London Lisbon Rio de Janeiro Tokyo

8

The first amusement parks were called ________. fairs festivals casinos pleasure gardens

9

All of the following help to distinguish theme parks from amusement parks EXCEPT that theme parks ________. are destinations in themselves can replicate almost any location in the world need to work out the logistics of people flow and control crowds eliminate the expense of distant travel and foreign documentation

10

To compete successfully, theme parks must do all of the following EXCEPT ________. standardize design irrespective of preference of target market provide visually pleasing and exciting park facilities become more aware of consumer perceptions and concerns work out the logistics of people flow and control crowds and reduce the perception of crowding through proper design

11

Which statement is NOT true with regard to shopping

as a tourist attraction?

Malls don't allow tourist buses in order to prevent overcrowding of stores.

Malls are transforming themselves into tourist destinations by adding amusement parks, cultural attractions, and entertainment activities.

Malls are also getting much bigger by adding more retail, office, and entertainment opportunities as well as additional hotel rooms.

Malls' marketing efforts provide incentives to tour operators and support from tourist bureaus to keep the shoppers coming back in large numbers.

12

________ tend to play games of skill more than slot machines, which are games of luck.

High rollers Day trippers Low stakes / new adopters Family vacationers

13

Which of the following is NOT a basic factor for the current and future success of the gaming industry? voters approving of gaming alternatives since they view gaming as a "voluntary tax" more people accepting gaming as a leisure pursuit fun, excitement, and fantasy retirees and "low rollers" participating in gaming activities

14

The modern­day Olympic Games began when the International Olympic Committee (IOC) staged the first competition in________.

London, England Athens, Greece Los Angeles, California Rome, Italy

15

Which of the following is an example of a contemporary performing art? ballet symphony opera rock concerts

16

People who volunteer their time or work for very little pay in museums are called ________. concierges

curators docents maitre d's 17

Which sport has taken over the title of fastest growing spectator sport of the last decade?

Professional Bull Riders National Basketball Association National Association for Stock Car Racing (NASCAR) College World Series

18

All of the following statements about performing arts are true EXCEPT ________. concert halls are developed for the express purpose of showcasing the art form live entertainment has always been a draw for travelers they serve as primary tourism revenue generators and they add to the attraction of a place, encouraging tourists to stay longer many of the performing art companies stage productions and perform for the public throughout the year

Chapter 09 TRUE FALSE 1

Casinos and theme parks are the most popular of entertainment activities enjoyed by the tourists of North America.

True False

2

While most entertainment alternatives are permanent, attractions are often temporary.

True False

3

Management and marketing decisions for attraction operators are simplified since attendance patterns demonstrate little fluctuation.

True False

4

Activities have been added to match the seasons, to generate shoulder season attendance.

True False

5

Large collections of animals, which are now referred to as zoological parks, were originally called menageries.

True False

6

Re­creating the natural setting found in the wild generates interest and traffic in zoological parks.

True False

7

Parks are dedicated to protecting nature for future generations, as well as providing visitors with open spaces for rest, relaxation, and recreation.

True False

8

As a not­for­profit government agency, the national park system in the United States depends primarily on appropriations for funding.

True False

9

Fairs and festivals are a bit of heritage attractions, commercial attractions, and live entertainment.

True False

10

Technology plays a very important role in the operation of sophisticated amusement parks.

True False

11

Europe doesn't have any large and successful theme parks.

True False

12

Amusement/theme park revenue sources do not include concessions, sponsorships, and special events.

True False

13

Unlike other segments of the tourism industry, there are specific classifications and uniform reporting systems for theme parks.

True False

14

Slot machines generate 70% of casino revenues in the United States.

True False

15

Casino gaming is one of the most regulated businesses around the world.

True False

16

Malls that do not rely on added attractions but rather provide just good, solid shopping opportunities do not draw in visitors.

True False

17

Casino operations exploded in Macao when the Chinese government eased visa requirements for visiting this destination.

True False

18

In a casino, a group of machines is programmed to set different yields, so a few machines may pay out higher or lower.

True False

Chapter 10 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of a resort location? easy accessibility for visitors attractive natural settings and recreational opportunities diverse manufacturing base seasonal tourism activities

2

Resort destinations can be conveniently grouped in all of the following categories EXCEPT ________. beach cruise casino metropolitan

3

The strategic grouping of resort destinations that can be labelled "Year­Round Playgrounds" includes ________. casino resorts mountain resorts seaside resorts winter ski resorts

4

A group of destinations that is significantly affected by changes in seasonal weather patterns and has little in the way of commercial development can be placed in which of the following strategic groups? bright lights and city sights far from the maddening crowd year­round playgrounds spotlight on sporting activities

5

Destinations that can be classified as "links to the past" are often impacted by ________. infrastructure requirements private developers religious holidays weather variations

6

Which of the following factors does NOT impact the survival and success of snow holiday resorts? labor­intensive service needs capital­intensive requirements for development proximity to convention halls demand fluctuations

7

Which of the following statements is NOT true of a golf resort?

A regulation­length 18­hole golf course requires 140 to 160 acres of land.

The usual layout of a golf course is such that the finishing hole is near the beginning one.

The greens fees generated by golf courses are an important resort revenue center.

Design and construction of a basic golf resort usually costs about $100 million.

8

Healthy food, exercise classes, baths, massages, herbal treatments, and educational training are typically found at ________. golf resorts spa resorts summer resorts snow holiday resorts

9

The primary cruise ship ports in Canada and the United States include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Mobile New York Port Everglades Vancouver

10

Mega­cruise ships are designed for maximum capacities of ________.

5,000 passengers 10,000 passengers 20,000 passengers 50,000 passengers

11

The fastest growing demographic segment of cruise ship passengers is ________. mature travelers 25­ to 40­year­olds aestheticians divorced men

12

All of the following services are priced separately on most cruises EXCEPT ________. spas beauty salons shows shore excursions

13

Which of the following categories of ships are used for niche markets, such as education­based, ultraluxury, or adventure cruises? small ships megaships multipurpose ships sailing ships

14

The services received at integrated resorts are often compared to those received ________. at hotels at winter ski resorts on cruise ships at retreats

15

Which of the following is NOT considered a key attribute of tourism destination sites? image setting architecture size

16

Which of the following cities could be classified in the "Bright Lights and City Sights" category?

Augusta, Maine Birmingham, Alabama Chicago, Illinois Davenport, Iowa

17

Which of the following seasons is also called "shoulder season"? secondary season primary season peak season winter season

18

A cruise ship's equivalent to a floor or story in a hotel is called a ________. deck galley stateroom purser

Chapter 10 TRUE FALSE 1

As tourist destinations grow in popularity, services are usually added to meet increased levels of demand.

True False

2

The first resorts were built by the Egyptians along the Nile River.

True False

3

The first resorts in America were built around spas and focused on health and relaxation.

True False

4

Most resort properties generate sufficient revenues to be open for only a few months each year.

True False

5

A measure of the interior size of a ship determined by volume of public space is called space ratio.

True False

6

Seaside and summer resorts are affected to some degree by seasonal weather patterns.

True False

7

A cruise director is a person who plans and operates passenger entertainment and activities onboard a cruise ship.

True False

8

Pursers are all individuals responsible for the safety and navigation of cruise ships.

True False

9

The first permanent golf club in North America was founded at the Royal Montreal Club in Canada.

True False

10

Cruise ship passengers are free to come and go in crew quarters.

True False

11

Resort destinations and destination resorts are the same thing.

True False

12

Seasonality refers to the simple weather conditions at destinations.

True False

13

Destinations can be categorized into groups that share similar characteristics using a concept called strategic grouping.

True False

14

Integrated resorts are often called four­season resorts.

True False

15

Resorts are health spas or locations with a single purpose, catering to a single target segment.

True False

16

Each snow holiday resort is unique and has different operational problems.

True False

17

Golf courses are being added to more and more resorts, as they are inexpensive to build and maintain.

True False

Chapter 11 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

All of the following statements regarding comparative advantage are true EXCEPT which?

Economic decisions must be based on comparative advantage.

Many island economies consider that tourism has a comparative advantage because of their currency exchange rate.

Tourism has a comparative advantage when a region has no alternative industry to develop other than tourism.

Tourism has a comparative advantage when a region is especially appealing to tourists.

2

The United States falls in top­of­mind awareness of international travelers in spite of ________. currency exchange rates lack of marketing dollars security issues unfriendly attitudes

3

Researchers typically estimate the level of tourism activity by ________. dividing the number of visitors by the annual tourism budget multiplying the number of tourists by the annual tourism budget multiplying the estimated number of arrivals to a destination by the average expenditure per visitor multiplying the average number of visitors by the daily expenditures level per visitor

4

From an economics perspective, scarce commodities for communities or countries would be ________. the amount and variety of natural resources money, available time, and the physical energy to travel the availability and quality of tourism services employees tax revenues

5

All of the following statements about multiplier effect are true EXCEPT which?

The multiplier effect occurs when some of the new money from the tourist is re­spent within the local

economy.

Island countries have very quick leakage and, therefore, very low output multipliers.

The multiplier effect is the sum of direct, indirect, and induced effects.

Economic variables for which economists derive multiplier values do not include taxes and imports.

6

A community seeing higher expenditures on health care because of the increased number of residents drawn to the area for employment in the tourism industry is an example of ________. leakage indirect effect direct effect induced effect

7

When tourism generates dollars that are not respent in the area, it is referred to as ________. the multiplier effect indirect effect leakage linkage

8

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the economic impact of tourism?

Dollar values are assigned to increased tax revenues and increased employment opportunities.

Increased needs for school and police systems are also assigned dollar values.

If the value of the positive impacts is greater than the value of the negative impacts, the total economic impact is positive.

Tourism revenues are largely unaffected by local crisis events.

9

In a tourism­related public­private organization, government partners are most likely to fund ________. infrastructure improvements superstructure additions hotel development additions to existing commercial attractions

10

Which of the following is NOT usually true of convention centers?

They are public/private organizations to attract the professional traveler.

They may also be completely financed and managed

as nonprofit private associations of tourism­related businesses.

They offset annual marketing and operating costs through tourism­related taxes and membership fees generated from services provided to attendees.

They are highly profitable enterprises.

11

National and state/provincial governments support tourism development by performing activities that include collection of tourism information, regulation of tourism­related businesses like airlines, promotion of tourism, funding infrastructure, and development of ________. superstructure facilities destination vision tourism policy destination image

12

Predicting future demand and competitive environment is part of the ________ of tourism planning and processes. definitional phase analytical phase operational phase implemental phase

13

The continuous process of research and development decisions that creates and sustains tourism in a region is called ________. cost/benefit analysis tourism planning policy privatization

14

A tourism planning organization needs to research market segments for trends and economic impacts, gain the cooperation of industry segments, change marketing priorities if required, and ________. build facilities regulate airlines preserve resources that attract visitors tax goods and services

15

All of the following are examples of direct tourism­ related taxes EXCEPT ________. hotel/lodging taxes restaurant taxes gasoline taxes lottery taxes

16

________ is the likelihood of the potential traveler to visit a destination in the near future.

Destination image Cognition Conation Affect

17

The reason why tourism development can lead to political tugs­of­war is that ________. priorities of the constituent group must be determined despite the wide differences among the constituents of the group tourism business owners and government officials are part of the constituent group all of the constituent groups share the same priorities concerning how resources should be spent all of the constituent groups agree that quality of life is important

18

Hidden taxes are often placed in which of the following tourism service suppliers? airlines rental cars restaurants theme parks

Chapter 11 TRUE FALSE 1

The methods of determining estimated levels of tourism activity may vary, but the results will be the same.

True False

2

The factors that have led to rapid growth rate of travel to international destinations include increased disposable income, leisure time, and destination attractiveness.

True False

3

Public/private organizations or partnerships are a common way for tourism promotion and development decisions to be made and funded.

True False

4

Destination positioning is relative, as it relates the image of one destination to those of its competitors.

True False

5

One of the most important factors influencing the level of international tourism to a country is the relative exchange rate of its currency for other currencies.

True False

6

Fluctuations in currency exchange rates have little impact on international tourism demands.

True False

7

Tourism is an export industry, and a multiplier effect is created as money that is brought into an area is respent on additional goods and services.

True False

8

The tourism policy should provide a "destination vision."

True False

9

The higher the output multiplier, the more economically self­sufficient the country.

True False

10

Large increases in the number of tourists to an area usually result in economies of scale, which will decrease costs of providing services to residents.

True False

11

The design of convention centers ranges from tiny facilities that are little more than a single large room to immense complexes that can hold tens of thousands of conventioneers.

True False

12

The decision­making process for promoting and developing tourism typically happens through a rational process in which the interests of all parties are carefully considered and balanced.

True False

13

The process by which the management of not­for­profit government­operated tourism enterprises is turned over to profit­making organizations is called privatization.

True False

14

Key determinants for the site decisions of a convention center are price, size, and quality of facilities, and a

wide variety of amenities or add­ons that will likely encourage prospective attendees of the convention to sign up.

True False 15

Convention centers are usually built with a combination of city and state funds.

True False

16

Marketing to attract convention and trade show business is similar to efforts used to entice leisure travelers.

True False

17

Analysis of current and future demand, competition, and promotion is a step in the analytical phase of the tourism policy and planning process.

True False

18

Tourism planning is usually undertaken by private consulting groups with little or no government involvement.

True False

Chapter 12 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

Where is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park?

New Zealand United States Australia South Africa

2

Which of the following is NOT an element in physical capacity? number of cars environmental impact number of people amount of water

3

Which of the following is defined as the limit on the actual number of users that can be accommodated in a region? physical capacity culture social carrying capacity demonstration effect

4

Which of the following statements is NOT true of carrying capacity?

There can and should be limits to tourism activities.

There is no exception for tourism.

There are no limits to where benefits can be gained.

There is a maximum level of users that an area can accommodate.

5

Which of the following defines environmental capacity? the limit on the number of users that an area can accommodate before visitors perceive a decline in the desirability of the area a form of tourism that focuses on environmental and cultural preservation the features of an environment that make it suitable for year­round tourism the number of outsiders to an area that can be accepted without having damaging psychological effects on the locals of the area.

6

The customary beliefs, social roles, and material objects that are passed down from generation to generation are called ________. society community culture institutions

7

A host community is composed of all of the following resources EXCEPT ________. local residents economic system natural resources number of visitors

8

Which of the following measures does NOT help in determining the carrying capacity? amount of use by the average visitor expressions of culture quality of resource management number of area residents

9

The number of people that a society and its land can bear without having damaging psychological effects on the locals is called ________. demonstration effect economic benefits external influences social carrying capacity

10

The display of material goods and affluence tourists often bring when visiting locations in undeveloped and lesser developed countries that can lead to envy is called ________. an internal problem the demonstration effect mass tourism host community

11

Air pollution can become a problem with ________. relocation of airports attainment of the critical mass of interest the increased level of vehicle traffic in an area daily life activities of culture

12

The number of travelers has exploded in recent years for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ________.

quicker, cheaper, and safer transportation stable currency exchange rates growing numbers of people with increased leisure time increased availability of information 13

Which of the following is a reason for the evolution of ecotourism? to expand the number of users that an area can accommodate before visitors cause a decline in the desirability of the area to improve the quality of resource management and facility development/design to attract tourists based on material goods, daily life activities, and social expressions of culture to try to preserve the environment and still gain the economic benefits of tourism

14

What are superstructures? basic framework of an organization vegetation, wildlife, and precious historical attractions facilities directly associated with serving visitors' needs roads, ports and airports, electricity, and water and sewage systems

15

Which of the following is NOT an underlying foundation or basic framework for a system or organization? retail establishments airports sewage systems electricity

16

Which of the following is NOT part of the social and cultural benefits of tourism? awareness of new tastes and ways of thinking effect of tourism on native language improved standards of living attainment of the critical mass of interest

17

A visit to Venice and its lagoon facilitates the experience of which of the following eras? the Middle Ages the Roman Empire era the Modern Age the Mobility Era

Chapter 12 TRUE FALSE 1

Education and appreciation are probably the two most important ways tourism can be used to preserve the environment.

True False

2

Tourism cannot be used to help finance the preservation of attractions and natural areas.

True False

3

With proper planning, there is no limit to how many tourists can visit any location.

True False

4

Tourism is considered to be an export industry.

True False

5

The management of a natural attraction demands careful environmental planning and creative carrying capacity design to balance visitor enjoyment and education with the well­being of the flora and fauna of the location.

True False

6

To provide services to visitors, a tourism area must first develop the necessary infrastructure to support these services.

True False

7

A culture represents the customary beliefs, social roles, and material objects that are passed down from

generation to generation.

True False 8

The community a tourist is visiting is often termed the host community.

True False

9

An attainment of the critical mass of interest is not necessary to maintain the viability of a society's culture with regard to tourism.

True False

10

The practices and objects of a culture can be grouped into three categories: physical, environmental, and ecological.

True False

11

The Middle East is the cradle of three of the world's most prominent religions: Christianity, Buddhism, and Hinduism.

True False

12

Tourism cannot have a detrimental effect on the young people or on the culture of an area.

True False

13

Special expressions of a culture are found in its unique history, architecture, and special traditions.

True False

14

Greece is a popular tourism destination because of the

vast array of leisure activities available.

True False

15

Sex tourism is especially prevalent in economically advanced and politically stable countries.

True False

16

An increase in the number of situational abusers is one of the reasons that sex tourism has grown dramatically in recent years.

True False

17

Crime can become a serious societal problem when tourism succeeds.

True False

18

The Sherpas play only a minor role in the trekking tourism of Nepal.

True False

19

An expatriate is a citizen of one nation who lives in a nation of which he or she is not a citizen.

True False

Chapter 13 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

Mass tourism can result in high environmental, social, and cultural costs leading to all of the following EXCEPT ________. architectural pollution of tourist strips local ownership and management of services disruption of traditional cultural events and occupations low priority to local needs with funds used to increase tourism amenities

2

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of ecotourism?

Large numbers of tourists should be attracted for the greatest economic benefit.

Tourists' experiences should focus on the host community's existing scenic and activity opportunities.

Tourism should blend with the environment and culture.

A high proportion of local materials should be used to fulfill tourists' needs.

3

All the following denote benefits of ecotourism for host communities EXCEPT ________. increased publicity brings in new and increasingly more affluent visitors understanding between locals and members of different cultures is promoted local populations are educated on matters of health, education, energy use, business, and environmental conservation a financial incentive to protect and conserve a globally significant natural/cultural resource is provided

4

Among the reasons cited for the recent explosion in tourism growth is ________. people are depressed about worldwide environmental degradation fewer people have the leisure, time, and money to travel internal political strife causes citizens to leave home quicker, cheaper, and safer global transportation

5

Which of the following is NOT a common term used to

describe ecotourism and related activities? green tourism adventure tourism voluntourism responsible tourism 6

Which of the following statements regarding sustainable tourism is NOT true?

Creating a sustainable tourism operation requires action and commitment.

Achieving sustainability requires a great deal of effort.

Sustainability is a well­developed concept that has universal standards of usage.

One can identify a tourism operator dedicated to conservation by asking certain pointed questions that include queries on protection of the local community's employment, culture, flora, and fauna.

7

According to the Wilderness Act, all of the following apply in wilderness areas EXCEPT ________. commercial enterprises are not allowed visits by tourists are not allowed motorized vehicles and landing of aircraft are not allowed permanent or temporary roads are not allowed

8

The growth rate being experienced by ecotourism has been described as ________. lackluster double­digit stable declining

9

In the first phase of tourism development, local residents feel ________. apathy annoyance apprehension euphoria

10

In the euphoria stage of tourism development, destination residents ________. begin to take tourism for granted welcome both tourism investors and travelers view tourism as just another industry seek to implement sustainability practices

11

All of the following statements denote characteristics of mass tourism EXCEPT ________. it tends to lead to increased development of infrastructure and superstructure it fits into the community and shares in its ways the presence and actions of more and more tourists increase the wear and tear of the environment individual tourists threaten the natural environment simply by blazing trails while walking through nature

12

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental feature of ecotourists?

They desire to mingle with local culture.

They are wealthier, college­educated, and are willing to spend large amounts on extended trips.

They have poor environmental commitment.

They tend to participate in active, yet nature­ focused sports such as climbing and canoeing.

13

All of the following are associated with hard ecotourism EXCEPT ________. small groups physically active multipurpose trip emphasis on personal experience

14

All of the following are associated with soft ecotourism EXCEPT ________. large groups physically passive physical comfort specialized trip

15

When trying to determine whether hotels and resorts are dedicated to conservation and preservation, travelers should consider all of the following questions EXCEPT which?

Is there a published environmental policy?

How are flora and fauna protected?

Are they associated with research and development on renewable energy sources?

Are locals hired to fill most positions?

16

Which of the following attributes would be used to describe a conventional lodging property? built on previously developed land natural materials used in construction standard designs utilized to minimize construction

costs local employees recruited, trained, and developed for all positions 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the four Rs of sustainable practices? reuse recoup recycle reduce

18

The idea of geotourism was developed by the ________.

U.S. Green Building Council National Geographic Traveler magazine Budget Travel magazine U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter 13 TRUE FALSE 1

As opposed to ecotourism, mass tourism primarily involves travel to sensitive natural and cultural environments.

True False

2

Mass tourism lays emphasis on learning as an outcome of tourism for the tourist.

True False

3

The manufacture and promotion of off­road vehicles may be a big threat to nature.

True False

4

Ecotechniques can be used to minimize the negative impacts that large numbers of visitors can have on host communities and the environment.

True False

5

In the apathy stage of tourism development, destination residents welcome tourism investors and travelers.

True False

6

Sustaining the natural and cultural elements of fragile environments is the key idea of mass tourism.

True False

7

Ecotechniques include use of solar panels, rainwater collection, and bioclimatic design.

True False

8

Conventional lodging operations build on previously developed land and design buildings to blend in with the natural setting while incorporating energy­efficient features.

True False

9

Low­impact tourism is another term used to denote mass tourism and its related activities.

True False

10

Ecotourism has a high affinity for sustainability as a core element of its definition.

True False

11

Hard ecotourism activities are enjoyed by a relatively small proportion of environmentally conscious ecotourists.

True False

12

Sustainable lodging operations utilize all available marketing channels to increase visitor traffic and occupancy rates for maximum profitability.

True False

13

Carbon footprints can be reduced by using locally grown agricultural products, composting, and the judicial and intelligent use of delivery trucks to and from the farms and the restaurants.

True False

14

Geotourism encourages visitors to spend money,

keeping preservation in mind.

True False

15

As tourism industry participants adopt practices designed to maintain or achieve sustainability, the number of visitors that can be accommodated decreases.

True False

16

In a farm­to­fork program, local restaurants showcase food items prepared from agricultural produce flown in from outside farms.

True False

17

To promote sustainability and manage the carrying capacity of specific sites, restrictive entry in the form of tickets, reservations, or higher entry fees is often used.

True False

18

Targeting geotourists, voluntourists, Nature Lovers, and Environmental Wanderers as marketing segments is a protective measure that would allow destinations to limit numbers.

True False

Chapter 14 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1

One of the biggest changes that will occur in the tourism market in the twenty­first century will be ________. the increased levels of leisure travel both domestically and internationally the decreased popularity of skiing in the traditional ski countries the increasing size of the mature traveler segment the decreased need for interaction among businesses

2

________ will be healthier, better educated, and wealthier.

Students Senior baby boomers Businesspeople Seniors of other generations

3

Which of the following is NOT a prediction about baby boomers' travel needs, once they achieve senior citizen status?

They will use computers as a source of travel information and booking.

They will place more importance on seeing attractions rather than doing.

They will be interested in vacations that include healthy food, exercise, and intellectual stimulation.

They will want to be offered different things to experience and learn.

4

A ________ is a person who lives alone and travels with or without a companion. weekend traveler business traveler single traveler mature traveler

5

Which of the following reasons could a decreased rate of growth in business and professional travel be attributed to? emerging trend of cooperative alliances segmentation of the market into mass customization development of slow tourism vacations as a niche segment technological improvements in virtual conferencing

6

Travelers who prefer trips that allow time and opportunities for immersion will choose which of the following tourism markets? extreme tourism space tourism vocation tourism slow tourism

7

Which of the following is NOT an example of extreme "hard adventure" tourism? rock climbing skydiving spelunking snorkeling

8

________ is an example of "soft adventure" tourism.

Sea kayaking Scuba diving Sailing Mountain climbing

9

Who was the first space tourist?

Dennis Tito Mark Shuttleworth Burt Rutan Paul Allen

10

Which of the following tourism segments is being marketed to meet the needs of travelers seeking to combine pleasure with accomplishment? space tourism adventure tourism vocation tourism medical tourism

11

Cooperative alliances were pioneered by which industry segment? airlines hotels hospitals resorts

12

Which of the following segments of adventure tourists are most likely to travel on an all­inclusive package and pay the greatest amount for a trip?

general enthusiasts upper­high naturalists active soloists soft moderates 13

In which of the following countries do some hospitals and hotels partner to offer packages that combine a hotel stay with a treatment package?

Taiwan Canada Thailand Singapore

14

Which of the following statements is NOT true of Maglev trains?

They generate their own energy from the friction created over their magnetic lines.

They can complete a transcontinental trip in approximately three hours.

They will soon replace traditional track­based trains.

They will draw more passengers from the airport to the ground.

15

The future of air travel presents all of the following EXCEPT ________. pilotless commercial aircrafts and lack of air traffic control centers tilt­rotor planes to take off and land with little or no runway double­decker superjumbo jets serving long­haul routes smaller planes that fly through multiple connecting routes

16

The "Open Skies" treaty between ________ set in motion the consolidation wave among previously competing airlines.

Europe and the United States Russia and the United Kingdom India and China Canada and Germany

17

________ refers to partnership agreements created among manufacturers, distributors, and foodservice operators to lower food costs and improve quality of service.

Microsegmentation Cooperative alliance

Subcontracting Efficient foodservice response 18

Which of the following types of tourism research involves aspects such as positive and negative impacts of tourism? simulative research predictive research descriptive research experimental research

19

Why is consumer research in tourism difficult?

Only private entities are entrusted with making informed decisions about spending tax monies.

Consumers experience a set of services away from their homes, and frequently on a short­term basis.

Information collected is often inaccurate because research takes place before tourists visit an area.

Service relationships are often long­term and hometown­based, which make the breadth of issues mind­boggling.

Chapter 14 TRUE FALSE 1

There will always be a need for talented professionals to tackle the management, marketing, and financial challenges in the tourism industry.

True False

2

Doing business in the future will involve more, not less, collaboration with others.

True False

3

Baby boomers are the most likely age cohort to travel.

True False

4

By 2020, it is projected that more than 50% of all households will be composed of single persons.

True False

5

Single travelers find it difficult to identify acceptable roommates so that they can avoid the single supplement premiums.

True False

6

The Society for Accessible Travel & Hospitality estimates that 70% of adults with disabilities travel at least once a year.

True False

7

Trends in communication technology seem to indicate that business travel will become less necessary.

True False

8

Family vacationers are middle­aged and married with the highest incomes of any type of adventure tourists.

True False

9

It is estimated that by 2040, over half the population in the developed world will be over the age of 50.

True False

10

Medical tourism, travel to other countries to receive treatments, will become a new growth opportunity in tourism.

True False

11

Slow tourism vacations are projected to decrease in popularity.

True False

12

Microsegments are market segments that represent a relatively small group of consumers.

True False

13

Camping is an example of a hard adventure activity.

True False

14

A company mass customizes when it produces a good

or service to fulfil the unique needs of an individual buyer.

True False 15

Connector trains will become the norm for mass transit in densely populated corridors.

True False

16

Turboprop aircraft will be used with less and less frequency.

True False

17

Increases in speed, and not size, of aircraft will be absolutely necessary to satisfy future demand for air travel.

True False

18

The fragmentation of the tourism industry has resulted in varying levels of service, quality, availability, and pricing.

True False

19

Cooperative alliance is a concept that was pioneered by airlines to gain greater brand recognition and operating synergies.

True False

20

Subcontracting of many functions, like cleaning, laundry, and food service, will decrease.

True False

21

It is predicted that worldwide air travel will triple by

2025.

True False

22

When universal guidelines are accepted across international boundaries, environmentally safe practices will become the norm in the tourism industry.

True False