Resource Management for Individuals and Families, 4E Elizabeth B. Goldsmith Instructor Manual with T

Online Instructor’s Manual With Test Bank to accompany

Resource Management for Individuals and Families 4th Edition Elizabeth B. Goldsmith, Ph.D. Professor College of Human Sciences Florida State University

Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1:

Management Today

Chapter 2:

Management History and Theories

Chapter 3:

Values, Attitudes, Goals, and Motivation

Chapter 4:

Resources

Chapter 5:

Decision Making and Problem Solving

Chapter 6:

Planning, Implementing, and Evaluation

Chapter 7:

Communication

Chapter 8:

Managing Human Resources

Chapter 9:

Managing Time

Chapter 10: Managing Work and Family Chapter 11: Managing Stress and Fatigue Chapter 12: Managing Environmental Resources Chapter 13: Managing Finances Chapter 14: Looking Ahead

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Chapter 1 MANAGEMENT TODAY Overview & Teaching Suggestions This chapter introduces the subject of management and the National Council on Family Relations (NCFR) description is given on page 1. The emphasis is on decision making and developing and allocating resources such as time, money, material assets, energy, friends, neighbors, and space. Goal fulfillment is sought.

Use these questions on page 2 to get an in-class discussion going: • • • •

Where does my time go?

What should I be doing with my life?

How can I succeed?

Where do I fit in?

Career counselors report that students are having a difficult time finding answers especially to finding a major and an occupation. A down economy makes finding jobs and internships (even unpaid ones) harder than ever. A graduate student in psychology reported calling 71 places for an unpaid internship in a city until number 72 said yes.

She wanted to go there because her family lived in the area. Self-awareness and preparation are keys as well as ambition, resilience, and most of all, resource management.

Choice, risk, and happiness are defined in the chapter as well as the management process. Happiness is introduced close to the beginning of this edition because one seeks happiness or contentment when making decisions. Happiness is individually defined, how do your students define happiness? Have them say answers out loud or write them on paper and pass to the front (unsigned) for you to read to the class. Put the answers in categories for the whole class to discuss.

Why manage? We all have to in order to survive. Who manages? We all do.

Needs vs. wants and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs are described. Put the Hierarchy on the board or screen, discuss the levels from low (physiological such as air, food, water to high self-actualization, page 11).

Changes in family and household composition are introduced on page 21 and continues to 22 and into the next chapter. Students can discuss their family size and plans for the future.

Critical Thinking boxes are located on pages 4, 7, 10, and 19. See page xi in the Preface for an explanation of the value of critical thinking.

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Instructors: For all tests, put at the top. Pick the best answer.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Most agree that ______________ is the degree to which the overall quality of one’s life is judged as favorable. The General Social Surveys (GSS) of the United States asks questions about this. a. Happiness b. Fortitude c. Effectiveness d. Decision making A, p. 3 2. ___________ is the act of selecting among alternatives. a. Choice b. Risk c. Opportunity d. Fatalism A, p. 2 3. Management is the process of: a. Controlling others’ lives b. Using resources to achieve goals c. Changing one’s perspective for the better d. Acting in a habitual or repetitive pattern B, p. 5 4. The World’s most populous country is: a. The United States b. Greece c. India d. China D, p. 4 5. In 2050 it is estimated that the world’s most populous country will be: a. Indonesia

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b. Japan c. India d. Brazil C, p. 4 6. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, physiological is the most basic. What is the need that comes next? a. Esteem b. Self-Actualization c. Belongingness and Love d. Safety D, p. 11 7. A basic principle in management is that where there is risk, there is ________. a. Opportunity b. Reliability c. Decision making d. Extenuating circumstances A, p. 2 8. When people in the United States answer government surveys about how they feel about things, most report they are: a. Very happy b. Pretty happy c. Not too happy d. Miserable B, p. 3 9. The worldwide trend is for populations to be increasingly: a. Mobile and urban b. Insular and stay at home c. Spread out rural to seaside d. Northern moving because of global warming A, p. 3 10. Needs and wants are different. Wants are things that are:

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a. Crucial, have to have b. Desired, but not necessary for survival c. Economic only d. Important for getting ahead B, p. 6 11. Information that returns to the system is known as: a. Genomes b. E-innovation c. Listening d. Feedback D, p. 7 12. ______ are end results that require action. a. Goals b. Attitudes c. Values d. Problems A, p. 6 13. Management ______ are measuring devices, techniques, or instruments that are used to arrive at decisions and plans of action. a. Plans b. Actuarial resources c. Quality circles d. Tools D, p. 8 14. In answer to the question, “Who manages?” the answer is: a. Everyone does b. Some people do sometimes c. Some individuals rarely manage anything d. It depends, some people manage, others don’t A, p. 10

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15. According to the book, individuals and families have unique management styles or characteristic ways of making decisions and acting, which of the following is not one of the main factors influencing management styles: a. History b. Biology c. Culture d. Politics D, pages 11 16. According to the book, four disciplines are particularly applicable to management.

Which of the following was not listed as a main influence? a. Humanities b. Psychology c. Sociology d. Economics A, pages 12-15 17. In 1900, the average life expectancy in the U.S. was: a. 32 b. 47 c. 60 d. 68 B, p. 17 18. According to psychologist __________, physiological needs must be met before higher-order needs are undertaken. a. Abraham Maslow b. Peter Drucker c. A. J. Boothe d. Sal Schilling A, p. 11 19. In 1879. President Rutherford B. Hayes had the first telephone installed in the White House, but it was rarely used because: a. he didn’t know what it was b. it kept breaking and no one could fix it

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c. hardly anyone else in Washington had a telephone, so there was no one to call or to call in d. hand written letters were considered a more correct form of correspondence C, p. 12 20. A demographic trend is that: a. Individuals increasingly put off marriage and childbirth to later years b. The number of families is decreasing c. Families are the same as they were two decades ago d. Grandparents matter less than they used to A, pages 18-19.

Essays 1. What are the steps involved in the management process? How does it start?

How does it end according to the diagram in the book? Explain what holds it together.

Answer: Page 6. What holds it together? Feedback in the inner exchange and on the outside management takes place in a total environment.

2. Students are aware of management problems (stress, time) in the early years of adulthood, but what happens at midlife? What problems do people have in the second half of their lives, middle to older years?

Answers: Page 16-17. Issues include career and workplace situations, unemployment or retirement, family matters, and health.

CHAPTER 2 MANAGEMENT HISTORY AND THEORIES Overview and Teaching Suggestions This chapter provides historical background and an explanation of theories including their function. Legislation, policy, research, and changes in types of shelter are also in this chapter. Where and how people live and work keeps changing.

To help describe changes in the profession, four eras are given on pages 38-39.

Tables 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 on pages 33-34 can be used to encourage discussion. How has household production and consumption changed since 1900. Have students lived in or

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visited historic homes from around 1900? What are their reactions? Have they ever camped without running water or electricity?

Systems and economic theories are introduced in this chapter. Discuss “Murphy’s Law” which is “if something can go wrong, it will.” Tiny flaws can damage the most carefully thought out plans. Focus on terminology such as homeostasis and equifinality found on page 47 and human ecology on page 51. For economic theory see the discussion on risk on page 55. How do students feel about taking risks? Which ones have they taken?

Any skydivers in the class?

Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 29, 40, and 49.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Earliest records of management (who does what) are found on the walls of cave dwellings in: a. Siberia b. Rome c. Western Europe, most notably France d. Nigeria C, p. 28 2. In the ______ century in the U.S., standards of hygiene were undergoing an enormous transformation. a. 16th b. 17th c. 18th d. 20th C, p. 29 3. Who popularized the expression “Time is money.” a. Benjamin Franklin b. George Washington c. Herbert J. Jones d. Amanda Cunningham A, p. 30 4. ________ saw the home as a workplace which could be made more efficient.

Her husband Frank (an efficiency expert in factories) wrote a book about their

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marriage and twelve children, Cheaper by the Dozen, which has been made into movies. a. Eleanor Shively b. Evelyn Draper c. Ellen R. Richards d. Lillian Gilbreth D, p. 31 5. Management as it relates to home and family life was talked about for centuries but it became a formal study in the U.S. (and since worldwide) in the ____ century: a. 17th b. 18th c. 19th d. 20th C, p. 31 6. At the _________ Conferences held from1899-1908, management as a discipline known as home economics was founded. a. Lake Placid b. Packard c. Smith-Lever d. San Francisco A, p. 31 7. Two of the earliest colleges with residence courses were Stout Institute in Wisconsin and the University of: a. Illinois b. Georgia c. Alabama d. Mississippi A, p. 31 8. ________ known is the father of management and famous for his time and motion studies especially in factory production. a. Robert Griffth b. Frederick Taylor

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c. Anthony Eppes d. John Charles Shelley B, p. 32 9. The concept of improving work methods in the home is known as: a. Satisficing b. Optimization c. Work Simplification d. Re-inventing C, p. 32 10. Although Thomas Edison invented the lightbulb in 1879, by 1907 only ___ percent of U.S. homes had electricity. a. 8 b. 20 c. 38 d. 50 A, p. 32 11. In the early 1900s, people were ________ more than decorators. a. Collectors b. Travelers c. Readers d. Media driven A, p. 34

12. Around 1910, the ______________ changed everything, including what was inside the home to where the homes were located. a. Airplane b. Radio c. Automobile d. Television C, p. 34 13. The place or point where independent systems or diverse groups interact is called the:

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a. Interface b. Seam c. Subsystem d. Boundary A, p. 43 14. A _____ is an integrated set of parts that function together for some end purpose or result. a. Controlling factor b. System c. Crisis d. Kibbutz B, p. 43 15. A tendency towards disorder or randomness is called: a. Homeostasis b. Cybernetics c. Entropy d. Multifinality C, p. 46

Essays 1. What changes took place in U. S. homes in 1900 and 1950 (mid-century) and, in evidence now?

Household production and consumption patterns should be addressed. How did the houses change as well as lifestyles? What was delivered to the home, what wasn’t? What was made in the home earlier and how did this change over time?

Answers: Charts on pages 33 & 34 and descriptions on pages 32-38.

2. Kurt Lewin says that “There is nothing so practical as a good theory.” Explain why theory is useful. Also describe the basics of economic theory and systems theory as described in the book.

Answers: 41-56. Many answers acceptable here, theory is useful to describe patterns of behavior and to predict future actions.

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Chapter 3 VALUES, ATTITUDES, GOALS, AND MOTIVATION Overview & Teaching Suggestions This chapter is loaded with information that fits whole class or group discussion.

The subjects of happiness and self-defining success introduce the chapter. A beginning study cited says that people who report being happy when they are in their 20s are still happy in their 70s and the opposite is true, those less contented in their 20s will be so in their 70s. Get a discussion going about why this may be the case, why does happiness have an enduring quality? Also there is information on 3 types of happiness: • • •

Lots of richly positive emotions Being totally absorbed and immersed in activity Knowing you are using your highest strengths in service to others, something larger

As stated in Chapter 1, management is the process of using resources to achieve goals. People seek goals which are affected by values (such as valuing happiness) and attitudes (having a generally cheerful outlook, liking lots of things). Goals are closely linked to motivation. The example of Charles Lindbergh crossing the Atlantic in the first nonstop flight is given and the eloquent F. Scott Fitzgerald interpretation.

On page 72, I highly suggest having students pick their top 3 values in each list in Table 3.1 and then discuss in small groups their choices. Have a representative from each group come to the board and list the top 3 in their group. Then, as the instructor you would lead an all class discussion on the top 3 and similarities or dissimilarities between groups. There are no wrong answers.

Usually honesty scores high on the Instrumental Values list. The Rokeach research has been conducted around the world. Australian and U.S. adults tend to have similar value stances. In aspiring nations, the value of “ambitious” tends to score near the top of rankings.

Cultural values on pages 73-74 also would be useful for discussion. As a beginner on the board (or dot.cam, whatever technology you have) have the students suggest cultural values on their campus. What are the school colors, mascot, songs, cheers, distinctive buildings, statues, or green areas, and traditions? What distinguishes their school from others?

The Indian family on page 73 deserves a special comment. The mother was the project manager on this book edition and that is her family. I asked if she had a photo and she supplied this one to illustrate socialization, value transmission.

Management is worldwide and we share more in common as families than most

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would imagine. On page 77 the photo illustrates the importance of shared meal time, another subject for class discussion.

See page 80-81, as a classroom activity or as a take home assignment have students list their goals by: • • •

Time: short-term, intermediate, or long-term Role: personal, professional, societal or familial Type: primary or secondary

Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 65, 66, 84, 87, and 88. Also see Suggested Activities in the margins.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. In the 20th century, one of the icons of achievement was ___________ who flew the first plane over the Atlantic Ocean, nonstop, from the U.S. to Europe. a. James Fichon b. F. Scott Fitzgerald c. Charles Lindbergh d. Eleanor B. Earhart C, p. 66 2. A person’s judgments are based on the value meanings derived from feelings, this is known as: a. Affective domain b. Cognitive domain c. Construct domain d. Clarification construct A, p. 67 3. _______ are concepts that express values, serve as a means of evaluation, or demonstrate feelings in regard to ideas, people, events, situations, or relationships. They are expressions of likes and dislikes. a. Attitudes b. Resources c. Goal orientations d. Preferences A, p. 77

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4. _____________ are the glue that holds any business together, refers to a series of events or activities that take place in a specific time and space, also applies to families with shared commitment over time. a. Metro neighbors b. Value chains c. Traditional tasks d. Triad aims B, p. 76 5. Values can be classified in several ways according to the book, which one of these was not listed. a. Absolute and relative b. Intrinsic and extrinsic c. Traditional and prophetic d. Instrumental and terminal C, p. 69-70 6. ___________ are repetitive, often unconscious, patterns of behavior. a. Goals b. Values c. Habits d. Attitudes C, p. 79 7. Goals have many attributes, which of the following is not a main characteristic or attribute? a. Intensity b. Complexity c. Priority d. Procrastination D, p. 79 8. ___________ is a tendency or a disposition to expect the best outcome or to think hopefully about a situation. a. Negativism b. Capitalism c. Optimism

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d. Accommodation

C, p. 82.

9. David McClelland, a Harvard psychologist, stressed that individuals vary in their need for ________________. a. Achievement, which he called the “n Ach.” b. Acceptance c. Success and happiness d. Positive outcomes A, p. 85 10. ______ play a fundamental role in forming children’s values. a. Societies b. Families, especially parents c. Schools d. Communities B, p. 83 11. In a study of college yearbook photos, researchers found that: a. An inauthentic smile by males meant they would be unhappy in life b. Women with the Pan Am (fake) smile were just as happy in life as women with the Duchene (genuine) smile c. Smiling type makes no difference d. A genuinely smiling woman (with the Duchene smile) is more likely to be married, stay married, and to experience more personal well-being than a woman with the fake smile.

D, p. 85-86 12. Students can change the direction of the greater society through volunteering and other forms of involvement. They are also subject to the greater economy and environment. In the 1990s, college students, for the most part: a. Enjoyed a strong economy with multiple job choices, a technology explosion. b. Flooded into social work and helping others professions c. Questioned authority and dealt with years of unrest and change d. Conformed and were very conservative, held traditional values A, p. 87

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13. ___________ is a process rather than an end-state, beginning with an unsatisfied need that creates tension or direction. a. Expertise b. Motivation c. Resilience d. Challenge B, p. 89 14. Motivation can be divided into two types: A. Intrinsic and extrinsic B. Planned and non-planned C. Mysterious and obvious e. Achievement-oriented and open-ended A, p. 89 15. __________ is the set of characteristics, skills and knowledge that distinguishes certain people from novices and less experienced people. a. Expertise b. Imagineering c. Performance d. A value chain A, p. 88.

ESSAYS 1. Differential values from attitudes, define each and give three examples of each.

Answer: pages 66-68 2. What are the differences between goals and habits? Define and give examples of each. Why are goals important? Discuss.

Answer: page 78-80 As a suggestion: One way to go with this is that habits are repetitive and often unconscious whereas goals are consciously set and determined, steps are taken to achieve end results. Goals can be long-term, habits tend to be immediate.

Chapter 4

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RESOURCES Overview & Teaching Suggestions Given the book’s title Resource Management for Individuals and Families, 4 th edition, obviously this is a keystone chapter. Resource recognition, creation, and exchange are covered along with resource models. The supply and demand curve is given on page 104 to add economic theory into the chapter. The Foa & Foa Model on page 107 could serve as a discussion point of resource exchange in class.

Resource Advantage Theory introduces the concept of competition and leveraging assets.

Utility (usefulness) is in the eyes of the beholder, page 110. Discuss this in terms of EBay, garage sales, and flea markets.

Strategies are plans of action, ways of conducting and following through on operations.

What strategies do students use to be more successful on tests?

List on the board or screen intangible and tangible resources, have students suggest as many as they can. See page 99 for suggestions to get things rolling along with a discussion of human resources. Friends are a resource. This book edition includes more information on friendships than previous editions, broadening out from the basic emphasis on managing home, work, and family life. Because people are marrying later, friends play a significant role for those in their 20s and at other stages.

See Suggested Activities on pages 100 (10-7-5 exercise) and page 112 (consumer behavior, choices).

Multiple Choice Questions 1. A __________ is what is available to be used, produces valued results. a. Resource b. Goal c. Value d. Attitude A, p. 97 2. The worth of __________ tends to be undervalued in our society. a. Internal exchanges b. Abundance c. Scarcity d. Tangible goods A, p. 97

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3. ___________ is the ability to recognize and use resources effectively. a. Efficiency b. Intuition c. Helpfulness d. Resourcefulness D, p. 98 4. __________ cannot be touched; examples include integrity, confidence, and literacy. a. Tangible resources b. Intangible resources c. Societal resources d. Familial resources B, p. 99 5. Skills, talents, and abilities that people possess can be categorized best as: a. Human resources b. Tangible resources c. Capital resources d. Financial resources A, p. 99 6. According to the book, the most likely time for women’s friendships to fall off is between the ages of: a. 15-20 b. 25-40 c. 45-50 d. 51-60 B, p. 99 7. The artist Pablo Picasso sketched a woman tourist and charged her a lot for just a few minutes work. By his response, this is an example of: a. Overcharging b. Getting paid for one’s life experience, expertise c. Agreement on the woman’s part about “fair value” d. Material resources B, p. 100 8. In economics, ________ means a shortage or insufficient amount of supply.

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a. Scarcity b. Supply considerations c. Leveraging d. Risk A, p. 101 9. The most likely meal to be eaten out is: a. Breakfast b. Brunch c. Lunch d. Dinner D, p. 101 10. ___________ is the highest valued alternative that must be sacrificed to be satisfy a want or attain something. a. Intangible resource b. Choice c. Opportunity cost d. Availability C, p. 102.

11. According to the book, the characteristic way an individual or family manages resources is shaped by 5 forces, which of the following is not one of them. a. Psychological/personality b. Economic c. Technological d. Cognitive D, p. 106 12. The ______________ Resource Model illustrated in the book shows the interdependence of resources, how they exchange. a. Foa & Foa b. Elbing c. Hertford & Myers d. Eccles & Ward A, p. 107 13. _________ is the value, worth, applicability, productiveness or usefulness of a resource. a. Utility b. Marketability

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c. Credit d. Cache A, p. 112.

14. Resource-Advantage Theory developed by Shelby Hunt includes the ideas of family competence or household competence and that __________ is part of family resource management. a. Competition b. Cooperation c. Companionship d. Cognition A, p. 108-109 15. __________ is starting to challenge the United States regarding the reputation of being a throwaway society or of being a heavy consumer society. a. Brazil b. Columbia c. Thailand d. China D, p. 114 Essays 1. Friendships are resources. In what way are they resources? How do men and women differ in retaining friendships over the lifecycle?

Answers: Pages 99-100. Friends are human resources, changing over time.

2. The Pablo Picasso sketch story illustrates the concept of human capital and of resource exchange and different expectations between the seller and the buyer.

Describe where each is coming from in terms of resource management and expertise. Define and explain human capital.

Answer: Page 100. Human capital is the sum total of human resources, all the capabilities and traits that people use to achieve goals and other resources. Investing in human capital is a lifelong personal and professional goal.

Chapter 5 DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING Overview & Teaching Suggestions

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One of the most fundamental life decisions is whether to have children or not and then secondly, when. The chapter begins with a discussion and cases.

Decision making is a process of choosing between two or more choices and proceeding. We are programmed to be active, to accomplish things, and to find out what is going on. People are naturally curious and striving.

Go over each part of the DECIDE acronym, have students put in a major example (can be done on the board or screen).

• • • • • •

Define the decision (distill and define the issue): could be whether to go to grad school or not, or where to move to after graduation Estimate resources (time, energy, $) Consider alternatives (different locations) Imagine (visualize) the consequences Develop an action plan and implement it (apply, check apt. rents, moving costs) Evaluate the decision

Postpurchase dissonance occurs during the last step, is the decision positively or negatively reinforced and by whom? What would be expected? What is the role of selfdoubt in slowing or preventing decision making?

Work through a decision using the Elbing model on page 136. The answer is in the center. Also put on the board or screen models on pages 128 and 129 such as the decision tree with the roots formed by values.

Critical Thinking boxes can be found on pages 124 and 141. Suggested Activities are on pages 128 and 145. The last one asks students to describe success. This could easily be done in groups or as a class includes naming three successful people and describe their qualities.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. __________ are conclusions or judgments about some issue or matter. a. Criteria b. Decisions c. Influences d. Problems B, p. 122 2. ____________ is the process of making a choice between two or more alternatives. a. Bargaining b. Trading c. Decision making

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d. Goal setting C, p. 122 3. Good decisions meet many criteria, which of the following is not a main one. a. Quality b. Acceptance c. Flexibility d. Risk D, p. 123 4. Decision making is a process, what is the first step? a. Define the decision b. Estimate resources c. Consider alternatives d. Imagine consequences A, p. 125 5. Putting a decision into action is called? a. Visualization b. Implementation c. Satisficing d. Reactivity B, p. 126 6. After a decision is completed (particularly a consumer decision) and is being evaluated, _______ may happen. a. Postpurchase dissonance b. Alternative sorting c. Recriminations d. Retaining the status quo A, p. 126 7. In the ___________ model of decision making, each decision builds on the previous one, forming a sequence of decisions, such as the steps involved in preparing a meal. a. Central-satellite b. Foa & Foa c. Elbing d. Chain D, p. 128

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8. _________ can cloud the ability to make decisions or to accept decisions once they are made. a. Procrastination b. Integrity c. Self-doubt d. Boredom C, p. 127 9. The ________ refers to the situation when people are promoted beyond their level of competence. a. Peter Principle b. Abernathy Principle c. Delaney Principle d. Suskind Principle A, p. 131 10. In the diagram of the decision tree, what lies at the bottom, the roots? a. The basic decision b. The alternatives c. Resources d. Values D, p. 129 11. Decisions have history. The _________ Model shows the importance of reference groups. a. Re-invent b. Elbing c. Chain d. Central-satellite B, p. 136 12. _________ is a term referring to local area nesting, finding places outside home and work to spend time. a. Sustainability b. Hatching c. Re-starting d. Retreat B, p. 139 13. The ______ Model provides a visualization of the problem-solving process.

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a. Eldridge b. Chain c. Central-satellite d. GO D. Pages 146-147 14. A person weighing uncertainty and risk is judging the ______ or likelihood of a good or bad outcome, a. Probability b. Perception c. Psychological extent d. Unwillingness A, p. 144 15. The fear of making decisions, a form of helplessness, is termed: a. Agoraphobia b. Decidophobia c. Ultraphobia d. Claustrophobia B, p. 132 Essays 1. Diagram the Central Satellite and Chain Models and put decision examples in each part.

Answers: Pages 128-130 2. How does the Peter Principle apply to employment situations? Define, describe, and give solutions.

Answer: Page 131 3. Run an example through the GO Model. Discuss each part and what is happening.

Answer: Pages 146-147 Chapter 6 PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING, AND EVALUATING Overview & Teaching Suggestions

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What corner of your life would benefit from some planning, some tidying up? Eighty-nine percent of Americans say they could use help here. For class discussions: Plans, what works, what doesn’t? How to better the odds of success?

A Critical Thinking (called here “Creative Thinking”) box is found on page 153.

Personality is emphasized in this chapter. Go over introverts and extroverts and how being more one than the other affects decision making style. An example is how information is gathered. New to this edition is material on expertise on pages 159-160 – who is expert and why? How do they develop expertise? Discuss student as experts – subjects, skills. and the 10 or more years of practice.

On page 162, multitasking is critical to present and discuss. Have students give examples such as texting and walking. Practice reactive and proactive language, give more examples of phrases such as those found on page 167. In groups, create storyboards as shown on pages 171 – draw decision steps.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Lists are useful in organizing. About ________ percent of Americans consider themselves to be extremely organized. a. 5 b. 10 c. 50 d. 87 B, p. 151 2. ________ is the first step in the planning process according to a Model (diagram) in the book.

A. Implementing B. Gathering and analyzing information C. Awareness D. Evaluation C, p. 155 3. _________ is a thinking and information-gathering process involving a series of decisions. a. Planning b. Acting c. Sequencing

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d. Brainstorming A, p. 155 4. When short-term concerns (deadlines) create priorities and longer range management needs are driven out, this part of: a. McGregor’s Law b. Gresham’s Law of Planning c. Dorsey’s Principle d. Lucien’s Law B, p. 156 5. The paradox of planning is that it can: a. Create and relieve stress b. Produce anxiety c. Provide economic supply and demand d. Be only a short-term fix A, p. 157 6. _________ tend to think about others and are less interested in self. a. Introverts b. Extroverts c. Experts d. None of the above is correct B, p. 159 7. __________ occurs when two or more activities take place at the same time. a. Independent activities b. Multitasking or dovetailing c. Compression d. Co-acting B, p. 162 8. ________ occurs when a person acquires more detailed knowledge and develops more memory and experience, has contacts with others in the same field of endeavor. a. Expertise

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b. Novice ability c. Intermediate effort d. Prodigy A, p. 159 9. _________ occurs when people are so busy doing things they cannot plan or lead effectively.

A. Task duration B. Task limitation C. Task saturation D. Task surrender

C, p. 158 10. In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, what is the level that is least likely to be achieved? a. Physiological b. Safety and security c. Belongingness d. Self-actualization D, p. 160 11. _________ are defined as quantitative and/or qualitative criteria that reconcile resources with demands and serve as measures of values and goals.

a. Attitudes b. Mid-level processes c. Standards d. 5-S principles C, p. 161-162 12. __________ are backup or secondary plans to be used in case the first plan does not work out. a. Unilateral b. Directional c. Multilateral d. Contingency

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D, p. 165 13. Which is not an example of proactive language? a. I can b. I control my feelings c. They make me so mad d. I choose C, p. 167 14. Stephen R. Covey’s book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People has as the final 7th Habit the following: a. Sharpen the saw b. Be proactive c. Synergize d. Think win-win A, p. 266 15. __________ people are often overly affected by outside forces, such as changes in weather or the bad attitudes of coworkers. a. Synergistic b. Reactive c. Positive d. Pro-active B, p. 166.

Essays 1. Storyboarding is a technique of visualizing the steps in the decision process.

Come up with a decision to illustrate using at least 6 cells or samples of drawing starting from beginning to end. Who or what is the main player in the decision?

Why is drawing sometimes preferable to discussing a decision?

Answer: Pages 170-171 Drawing the steps simplifies the process in some ways, allowing everyone to see what is going to happen and the expected outcome.

2. Personality types affect decision making and implementation. Describe the difference between introversion and extroversion and how it might affect decision making and implementation. Give an example for each.

Answer: Pages 158-159

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Chapter Seven COMMUNICATION Overview & Teaching Suggestions New to this edition is the Ostrich Effect, burying one’s head in the sand rather than face bad news, see pages 184-185. Put the ostrich on the screen and have students describe when they have felt (or potentially will feel) the Ostrich Effect, perhaps opening their acceptance letters to college. Avoidance can take place in person as well, such as avoiding a particular acquaintance or work colleague.

Communication is a fundamental part of management because much of what is managed has to be communicated to others, plans being made, schedules being set and so forth. Agreement has to be reached. A husband might say to his wife, “This afternoon we have to stop at the bank.” And, she nods or says yes in return. Of course, larger decisions such as moving to another state or taking on a different job will involve much more communication. Effective communication is based on goals sought and is: • • • • • • •

Clear Concise Consistent Creative Sensitive to audience Persuasive Open to differing opinions

Go through the steps with students, a news article or online report could be used. Is it clear, concise…?

On page 187 there is a boxed list of ten aspects of nonverbal communication.

Demonstrate as many as you want. Have the students look around the classroom for artifacts, the way each of them arranges their books and notebooks. Left hand students can be immediately identified by the way they arrange their artifacts. Discuss space in movies and airplanes, who owns the armrest?

Bring a measuring tape to class to illustrate the four distance zones on page 196.

The role of the home and the individual including the term cocooning (desire to be home as a place of coziness, control, peace…) could be a basis of discussion, see page 201.

When do people (adults and children) want to cocoon?

Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 178, 182, 188,194, and 201. See if anyone remembers the Amelia Bedelia books with confused communication on page 188.

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Multiple Choice Questions 1. The average person spends _________ of waking hours in some form of communication. a. 10 b. 20 c. 70 d. 90 C, p. 179 2. The __________ is used in the book to illustrate avoiding potentially bad news or communication. a. Bear b. Ostrich c. Chicken d. Alligator B, p. 185-186 3. Effective communicators have a number of characteristics, which of these is not one of them? a. Clear b. Concise c. Creative d. Insensitive to audience D, p. 179 3. The ______ is the method by which communication travels from source to sender to receiver. a. Channel b. Interference c. Destination d. N Ach factor A, p. 180 4. ___________ occurs in the sender’s and receiver’s minds. a. External noise b. Internal noise

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c. Distortion d. Blurring B, p. 181 5. ________ is the process of putting ideas or thoughts into symbolic form. a. Sourcing b. Encoding c. Decoding d. Sending B, p. 183 6. The receiver of a message is the __________ or audience. a. Communicator b. Sender c. Destination d. Channel C, p. 183 7. Listening to a political ad or an ad for a new product usually requires: a. Critical listening b. Intellect c. Emotions d. An extroverted personality A, p. 184 8. _________ is the ability to recognize and identify another’s feelings by putting oneself in that person’s place. a. Empathy b. Critical listening c. Reflective listening d. Pleasurable listening A, p. 184 9. ___________ are things that suggest something else through association, such as a tattoo or engagement ring. a. Fine tuning

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b. Symbols c. Kinesics d. Gifts B, p. 185 10. _____________ is the distance between speakers. a. Artifacts b. Cybernetics c. Proxemics d. Calibrations C, p. 186 11. _________ are statements that ascribe blame or judge others. They can lead to arguments. a. I-messages b. You-messages c. They messages d. Expert messages B, p. 186-187 12. According to researcher DeVito in the book, several factors will influence your choice of conflict strategies, but this is not one of them. a. Goals b. Emotional State c. Cognitive assessment of the situation d. Intimacy level D, p. 190 13. _________ are a specific type of interpersonal conflict involving direct verbal attacks on another individual. a. Destructive conflicts b. Constructive conflicts c. Aggressive channel conflicts d. None of the above is correct A, p. 191 14. According to Deborah Tannen, Americans are known for being ________ in their conversations.

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a. Indirect b. Direct c. Shy and circular d. Devious B, p. 194 15. Anthropologist E. T. Hall in his book The Silent Language said that: a. What people do is more important than what they say b. Silence is meaningful c. Conflict is everything d. Beware of underlying messages A, p. 193 Essays 1. Why do we study communication as part of management? What does it contribute to resource use? How is time involved? Give examples of time and communication.

Answers: Throughout the chapter. Remember that effective managers are effective communicators. What needs to be done (plans) should be communicated and this process takes time and the building of consensus.

2. Men and women communicate differently. In what ways? Define and explain Social Exchange Theory.

Answers: See page 193 (about Deborah Tannen’s work) and page 177. Social Exchange Theory is on page 194.

Chapter 8 MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES Overview & Teaching Suggestions This chapter had a major overhaul for the 4th edition because demographics had changed so much since the 3rd edition. Students should know the top 5 most populous countries in order, see chart page 208. China at the top.

For current population trends such as fertility (average lifetime births per woman) go to the Population Reference Bureau website. Data released Sept. 14, 2009 showed an

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uptrend towards a bit more fertility. Russia gives mothers with one child $9,000 to have another. Japan is providing improved child care and subsidies as well. Other low-birth nations showing a slight climb include Spain and Britain. In the U.S., the fertility rate is 2.1 which is high enough to keep the population at its current pace even if immigration falls off. Discuss in class, incentives such as the $9,000 in Russia. A possible reason for increased fertility is incentives such as these but more likely an underlying belief in a better future, a stronger economy, growing confidence.

Put on the screen or board the 3 ways human resources can be divided: • • •

Cognitive Affective Psychomotor

Have students give examples of each, see page 209. Parenting requires all three.

One of the most important takeaways from this chapter is that the number of people per household in the U.S. is going down, but the number of households is increasing.

Discuss implications of this for housing, transportation, time management, and food.

There are so many groups in this chapter to discuss from individuals with disabilities and their special resource needs to homeless families. Depending where you live some of these may seem more relevant than others. Nearly all students should have some experience with caregiving for children or the elderly. This chapter asks them to expand beyond their own experience into considering the needs of others.

Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 208 and 219. Suggested Activities are on pages 214, 220, and 232. The last one suggests group discussion of service activities that students have engaged in – what was it, feelings, outcomes?

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following countries currently has the largest population? a. India b. Indonesia c. Brazil d. China D, p. 208 2. The largest concentration of people in the world (the most people) now is in what region? a. Africa b. South America

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c. Asia d. Europe C, p. 208 3. The first U.S. census was taken in: a. 1790 when George Washington was president b. 1850 when Millard Fillmore was president c. 1890 when Benjamin Harrison was president d. 1934 when F.D. Roosevelt was president A, p. 210 4. Trend-wise, the worldwide population is going as follows: a. More rural b. More urban c. Larger family size d. Rapidly decreasing in places like Sao Paolo, Brazil B, p. 210-211 5. In the United States, the death rate has been decreasing for a number of reasons. According to the book which is not a reason. a. Decrease in infant mortality b. Increase in life expectancy c. Out migration d. Declining rates of heart disease C, p. 211 6. The _________ is the yearly number of births per 1,000 women of childbearing age. a. Fertility rate b. Marriage rate affecting birth rates c. Baby rate d. Mortality rate A, p. 211 7. Which of the following is true? a. Families are getting bigger, across most populations

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b. The U.S. is growing older, median age is rising c. Minority groups are slowing down, getting smaller d. There are 59 federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States B, p. 212 8. The fastest growing minority group in the United States is ____________. a. African American b. Asian American c. Hispanic/Latino d. Native American C, p. 213 9. The technical term for changing residences is _____________. a. Mobility b. Fertility c. Immigration d. Adaptation A, p. 214 10. When adult children return to their parents’ home to live, it is called: a. Boomeranging b. Cocooning c. Burnout d. Adaptation A, p. 221 11. Very low income families may feel despair or pessimism about their future and feel they have little control over their lives. This perspective is called: a. Spiraling b. Fatalism c. Random disorder d. Depression B, p. 232 12. _________ is the study of the characteristics of human populations. a. Demography

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b. Geography c. Paleontology d. Gerontology A, 210 13. In the course of a lifetime, on average U.S. women are employed ________ fewer than the number of years men are employed. a. 5 b. 12 c. 20 d. 24 B, p. 216 14. Caregivers for the disabled elderly are most likely to be: a. Daughters or other female relatives and friends b. Sons or other male relatives and friends c. Spouses d. Assisted living attendants A, p. 221 15. The average age of retirement in the U.S. is: a. 55 b. 60 c. 63 d. 70 C, p. 223 Essays 1. Pick one of the following family groups and list and discuss five aspects of their managerial problems, decision situations, and/or resource use. Choose from: Two-earner families, Child care givers, Elder care givers, Homeless, Individuals with disabilities, Single-parent and blended families, and Poverty and lowincome.

Answer: Pages 216-232. Answers may include financial, time, and energy management, perspectives, problems, pressures, special needs, numbers of, in some cases government programs or involvement. The emphasis should be on family units.

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2. What are the human movement/resource trends discussed in Chapter 8 on Managing Human Resources? Where are the shifts occurring and why?

Answer: Pages 210-216. Answers would include an aging population, more urban, more aging in place, more awareness, smaller families, more households, and differences by groups.

Chapter 9 MANAGING TIME Overview & Teaching Suggestions Some faculty and students call Resource Management for Individuals and Families “The Time Book” for short. Time is a resource we all have. When Americans are asked their number one problem usually the answer is not enough time. The chapter starts with examples of other countries also noting the lack of time. Students can respond to these questions: ✓ Do you hate waiting in line? ✓ Do you multitask every chance you get? ✓ Is the Internet connection just too darned slow? ✓ Do you want everything to happen now?

Add more fundamental life management questions to this list.

One of the best in class activities is the ABC Method of Time Control and Goals on pages 247-249. Have students write down individually all their activities, everything they have to do before they go to sleep tonight. Then, have them rate the activities A (crucial), B (medium value), and C (can wait until tomorrow, less important). Discuss as a class, then ask them to try and do the A activities and mark them off when done. In the next class, ask them how it went.

A Critical Thinking box is on page 239. Suggested Activities are on pages 246 (two week log of time use suggested, log works best with a form so consistent), 249, 260 and 261. Several of these activities would make good homework assignments or projects.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. _______________ is defined as the values and systems that guide the conscious decisions made about activities and time use. a. Time management b. Attitudinal change c. Family life management d. Corporal management

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A, p. 237 2. In the U.S., time use data is collected on a national level by the: a. Consumer Product Safety Commission b. Federal Reserve Board c. Dept. of Health and Human Services d. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) D, p. 238 3. When cross-sections of Americans are asked what the main problem they are dealing with is, the majority will say they don’t have: a. Nearly enough time b. A big enough house c. Enough money d. Meaningful relationships A, p. 239 4. Only about ____ of families eat together daily, meaning one meal or more a day. a. 10% b. 25% c. 43% d. 76% C, p. 239 5. A central management concept is _______________ which is concerned with how time spent in one activity takes away from time spent in another activity. a. time displacement b. time exploitation c. time strategy d. time aspiration A, p. 240 6. Time is primarily a __________ that can be measured in units. a. Value b. Goal c. Resource d. Decision device

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C, p. 241 7. Whose last words were “All my possessions for a moment of time?”

A. Stanley Whitehall B. Queen Elizabeth I C. Peter Senge D. Queen Margaret B, p. 240 8. According to employment studies, what is the most productive day of the week? a. Monday b. Tuesday c. Wednesday d. Thursday B, p. 245 9. David Elkind, author and child expert, says that: a. Children do not have enough to do b. Children have too much free time c. Children are overcommitted and growing up too fast and too soon d. Children spend too much time in unorganized activities C, p. 243 10. ______________ is the time that an individual cannot control totally by himself or herself. a. Discretionary time b. Real time c. Psychic time d. Nondiscretionary time D, p. 242 10. In Alan Lakein’s book How to Get Control of Your Time and Your Life, he states that daily time use should be directly related to: a. Resources b. Goals c. Values

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d. Attitudes B, p. 247 11. In Alan Lakein’s book How to Get Control of Your Time and Your Life, he divides time use into different levels called ABC, the C level stands for: a. The most important activities b. Medium value activities c. Low-value activities d. None of the above are correct C, p. 247 12. According to The Silent Language written by E. T. Hall, there are three anthropological models of time. Which of the following is not one of them? a. Procedural-traditional b. Linear-separable c. Circular-traditional d. Spatial-sequential D, pages 251-252 13. The most accurate quantitative time measure is: a. Self-report or diary method b. Recall method c. Observation method d. A combination of all of the above methods to allow for cross checks.

D, p. 255-256 14. _____________ time use investigates the meaning or significance of time use and how individuals feel about time use. a. Episodic b. Quantitative c. Qualitative d. Derisive C, p. 256 15. _____________ rhythms are the daily rhythmic activity cycles, based on 24-hour intervals, that humans experience.

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a. Circadian b. Cybernetic c. Dynamic d. Calibrated A, p. 255 Essays 1. Three models of time perception by culture were given: linear-separable, circular traditional, and procedural-traditional. Explain how each is unique and give an example of a cultural group for each and how they might perceive time.

Answer: Pages 251- 252.

2. Some people use their time more effectively than others. Describe Alan Lakein’s ABC method of time control. Also discuss people’s peak energy time and circadian rhythms. Do you fit the typical patterns described in the book? Why or why not?

Answer: For ABC see pages 247-249, peak energy is 10 or 11 a.m. for most people, page 252, circadian is on page255 refers to biological response to time.

Chapter 10 MANAGING WORK AND FAMILY Overview & Teaching Suggestions We seek success, but defining success especially in the workplace is getting harder to do. Discuss work and family conflicts and social support. Have students give examples in class of: • • •

Procrastination (putting off work, postponing decisions) Parkinson’s Law (job or task expands to fill time available) Pareto’s Principle (80-20 rule)

Discuss the role of deadlines, due dates for projects, exam days – how does procrastination figure in on these? E-procrastination is a new version, not keeping up with electronic messages. Is this a problem?

Utah is experimenting with a 4-day workweek, apparently with great success. What does your class think of a 4-day workweek as a national standard? Pros and cons (a con would be longer work days M-Th). How will it affect the tourist and entertainment industries? What do they think of college football games on Thursday nights becoming the norm? What does this say about Friday classes?

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Feeling overworked is a psychological state. See page 277 for potential discussion.

Chapter also covers work ethic, commitment, and workaholism (the inability to stop thinking about work and doing work…), all ripe for in-class discussion. See workforce trends section beginning on page 281, sustainability (going green) is a significant trend in most work places.

The interaction of public policy and resource management comes together on page 276 with the discussion of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993. Discuss features of this Act. Do they know anyone who has accessed it or would they themselves (and under what circumstances)? Discuss government jobs related to work and family, domestic and foreign including U.S.Dept. of Labor and U.S. Dept. of State, if from other countries please substitute appropriate departments or agencies.

Critical Thinking boxes on pages 267, 269, and 286. Is it possible to have too much leisure, to be bored? Is leisure a place or state of mind (page 287)?

Multiple Choice Questions 1. In the old days we would have taken home work in a briefcase, now take home work is changing with 24-7 access. Work and family life has become more complicated as it is harder to turn off work, a study showed that: a. Smaller organizations may be more nurturing than larger ones. b. Executives are more time stressed than people in low-demand, low pay jobs c. The affluent have the most work-family conflicts d. Caregivers don’t have much conflict because they stay at home A, p. 267 2. ____________ occurs when a person is so heavily involved in one domain (work or family) and may not be psychologically or physically available for the other. a. Involvement balance b. Spillover c. Dominance d. Assimilation A, p. 268 3. A total benefits package can increase a person’s total compensation by ________ or more. a. 10 percent b. 20 percent

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c. 30 percent d. 55 percent C, p. 270 4. In _________ each person makes concessions giving in a little in order to gain a valued settlement or outcome such as harmony. a. Assimilation b. Compromise c. Valuation d. Socialization B, p. 271 5. In economics theory, an unemployment rate of _________ considered desirable. a. 5 percent or less b. 9 to 10 percent c. Under 12 percent d. 18 percent A, p. 271 6. Authors Ulrich and Dunne found that many of the ways that people react to work, employers, and coworkers are based on: a. early childhood experiences b. school experiences with teachers c. language development d. first paid work experiences A, p. 273 7. __________ is at the core of work-family interchange. a. Social support b. Passion c. Clarity d. Socialization A, p. 273 8. In the United States, in 1993 President ________________ signed the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) which allows workers at companies with more than 50 employees to take up to 12 workweeks of unpaid leave to care for

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newborns and newly adopted children or to care for ill family members or themselves. a. Ronald Reagan b. George Bush c. Bill Clinton d. George W. Bush C, p. 275 9. ___________ refers to the inability to stop thinking about work or doing work.

Also that work is the most pleasurable part of life. a. Reactivism b. Workaholism c. Procrastination d. Obsessing B, p. 279 10. The phenomenon that states that a job expands to fill the time available to accomplish a task is called: a. Pareto’s principle b. Parkinson’s Law c. The Peter Principle d. Northcote’s Law B, p. 280 11. Trends in the workplace include this leading one: a. Sustainability, also known as going green b. Longer lunch hours c. Kinder, more empathetic bosses d. More work space, larger cubicles A, p. 281 12. About ________________ of all Americans volunteer each year in the non-profit sector. a. one-tenth b. one-quarter c. one-half d. 90%

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C, p. 284 13. Pareto’s Principle states that: a. 20 percent of the time expended produces 80 percent of the results b. 90 percent of the time spent produces 10 percent of the results c. 75 percent of time is wasted d. A task or job fills the time available A, p. 281 14. Which of the following is true? a. The U.S. has a mandated vacation policy, everyone gets 2 weeks b. There is a trend towards downshifting, opting for a simpler life or at least considering it c. Europeans generally have shorter vacations that North Americans d. The workforce in the U.S. is getting younger B, p. 282 15. There are stereotypes (myths) about home-based businesses. Which of the following statements is a stereotype? a. Most home-based businesses are run by women such as child care centers b. Most home-based businesses are run by men on computers c. It is hard to have a home-based business, too many conflicts d. Most home-based businesses are financially stable, rewarding A, p. 283 16. In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Fair Labor Standards Act which established a __________workweek. a. 35 hour b. 38 hour c. 44 hour d. 48 hour C, p. 277 Essays 1. The home can serve as a “pit stop” a place to rest, eat, sleep, and change clothes to and from work with work being the most important part of life. Describe

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this way of handling personal and home life. Also define workaholism and how this might be connected to the home as “pit stop” phenomenon.

Answer: Throughout chapter, specifically on page 269 and 279.

2. How is the physical workspace changing? Who is working at home and why?

Describe your ideal workspace, the hours, the physical conditions, the work itself.

Answer: See page 281 for workplace trends and 282-283 for home-based work and telecommuting.

Chapter 11 Managing Stress and Fatigue Overview & Teaching Suggestions For many, this is the favorite chapter. We are all dealing with stress and fatigue. Staying focused on goals while undergoing stress is one of the most difficult things we have to do. What stresses students? Examples could be deadlines, tests, projects, friends and relationships. Have them make a list, discuss in small groups. Prioritize. What stresses them the most?

In class, discuss the following and typical characteristics: • •

Type A personalities Type B personalities

How might these personality types affect decision making and the handling of stress and fatigue?

On page 295, have students check off all of the following that happened to them in last 5 years.

• • • • •

Addition of a Family Member Loss of a Family Member Engagement or wedding Sudden unexpected change Moving

Also take stressor events checklist on page 297 and have students check off stressors here and add up the points, see who in the class “wins” with the highest points.

Page 320, draw sleep cycle on the board or for the screen, go over NREM and REM sleep. Go over caffeine effects on page 321.

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Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 294, 295, 310 (about setting new goals, once one is accomplished), 314 (ever been to a nonevent?), and 317. A Suggested Activity is on page 321, put a sleep pattern for 3 days on a graph (homework assignment, put form or graph on line, when do they go to bed, when do they wake?), include daytime naps.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. Sources of stress include all but which of the following: a. Hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and other such natural events b. Angry family members and friends c. Clutter, mental and physical d. All of the above are potential sources of stress D, Pages 294-295 2. _________ refers to the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it. a. Stress b. Stimulus c. Hardship d. Overload A, p. 295 3. ______________ are events that cause stress, often requiring changes in normal patterns of behavior. a. Disappointments b. Crises c. Sports activities d. Office meetings B, 296 4. Holmes and Rahe created a Social Readjustment Rating Scale illustrated in the book. They say stresses can mount up leading to: a. suicide b. illness c. alcoholism d. smoking addiction B, p. 297

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5. In the Holmes and Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale in the book, the number one stressor event is: a. Divorce b. Jail term c. Death of a spouse d. Marriage C, P. 297 6. David Dollahite’s ABCD-XYZ Resource Management Model shows that __________ cannot be studied in isolation, adaptive coping is important. a. Stress and stressors b. Love c. Work d. Career seeking activity A, p. 298 7. Internal stress originates in: a. The outside coming in, intruding b. One’s own mind and body c. Acute stress d. On-going role playing, not being genuine B, p. 301 8. Hans Selye called beneficial stress: a. Distress b. Eustress c. Prostress d. Type B stress B, p. 302.

9. A _______ is a combination of habit and everyday expectations mixed with an appropriate amount of novelty and adventure. a. Domino effect b. Dopler zone c. Comfort zone d. Circadian rhythm

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C, p. 300 10. ________ describes hardy people who bounce back, have a sense of control over their lives and do not fear change. a. Cognition b. Emotive ability c. Psychological hardiness d. Reactivity C, p. 303 11. In 1932, Walter Cannon of the Harvard Medical School coined the phrase ________________ to refer to the alerted condition of the body as it prepares for physical battle or escape. a. Terror or fright b. Push or pull c. Punch or race d. Flight or fight syndrome D, p. 304 12. When someone is stressed the first phase is physiological, second is resistance and the last stage is: a. Evaluation b. Exhaustion c. Clarity d. Symbolic reaction B, p. 305 13. Which of the following is false? a. Type B persons are more relaxed, easy going, and cooperative b. Type A persons are excessively striving, impatient, competitive c. Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) may provide stress management programs d. The most enthusiastic travelers for work are between the ages of 45-54.

D, p. 310 14. ___________ has been shown to be a significant stress reliever; a. Vitamin A

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b. Greek food c. Exercise d. Chicory C, p. 305 15. The workplace may not always be full of stress, disappointment, and problems. It may be: a. A haven from less than happy home and family life b. An escape from social/friend situations c. A haven from community responsibilities d. An escape from the neighborhood and yard work A, p. 311 Essays 1. Describe how burnout and chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) are different from everyday fatigue. Gives examples of burnout, cfs, and fatigue.

Answer: Page 311-312, 323.

2. In the book there is the sentence “Sleep absolutely affects health.” How does sleep affect health? What age group sleeps more hours a day than elderly individuals? Draw the typical sleep cycle, label the parts.

Answers: Page 319-320.

Chapter 12 MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES Overview & Teaching Suggestions This chapter moves away from current personal life management (time, stress, fatigue) to content on the future specifically on environmental management – choices made to support sustainability. College campuses, homes, and workplaces are increasingly going green. Efforts on your campus could be a basis for in-class discussion. Is paper recycled in your department or school? Guest speakers from the green movement could come to class. On most campuses there are green clubs or offices devoted to recycling efforts.

New to this edition is more discussion of ecological footprint and carbon footprint. On page 337 green building is defined.

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Once past the overview and introduction, the chapter moves to the environmental and solutions section with these topics: • • • • •

Water Energy Noise Waste and Recycling Air quality

Students could make a list of everything they throw out in one day or in one week including paper products. The form could be online similar to the time charts suggested in Chapter 9. In fact, this could be an end of quarter or semester project to hand in both a time and waste chart with a self-evaluation at the end.

An EnergyGuide for a refrigerator is given on page 345. Put this on the screen to go over the various parts and discuss the ENERGY STAR label.

Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 331 and 332. A Suggested Activity is on page 335.

Put the Continuum of Environmental Activism on the board or screen, where do most of your students place themselves on the continuum? No right or wrong answers or pressure to conform, let students say what they want and why.

Multiple Choice Questions 1. In the language of economics, the environment is considered a ___________, a good we have to protect. a. Personal good b. Community good c. Natural good d. Aggregate good C, p. 331 2. The impact on the land, air, and sea from consumption of goods and resources is known as the _______________. a. Ecological footprint b. Natural capital c. Species preservation d. None of the above is correct A, p. 330 3. The ultimate goal is ____________ which is a form of growth wherein societal needs, present and future, are met.

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a. Sustainable development b. Carbon footprint c. Ecological footprint d. Planned land use development A, p. 330 3. In the United States, the recycling rate has _________during the last 15 years according to the book. a. risen 10% b. doubled c. risen 90% d. tripled B, p. 331 4. The five countries with the highest carbon dioxide emissions include all of the following except: a. Qatar b. Australia c. Canada d. Kenya D, p. 330 4. The place where an organism lives is best described as its ________. a. Far environment b. Habitat c. Radius d. Shelter B, p. 333 5. A(n) _______________ is the subsystem of ecology that emphasizes the relationship between organisms and their environment. a. Ecosystem b. Carbon footprint c. Biology d. Socio-psychology A, p. 333

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6. _____________ refers to the thoughts and actions given to protecting and sustaining the environment. a. Ecoconsciousness b. Atrophy c. Eco-recognition d. Sustainability A, p. 334 7. ____________ is the act or process of preserving and protecting natural environments from loss or depletion. a. Conservation b. Multifinality c. Contamination d. Problem recovery A, p. 334 8. A _____________ is essentially unlimited. a. Renewable resource b. Tree c. Gold strike d. Waste stream A, p. 336 9. __________ is about the relationship of a house and its occupants with the environment, encouraging eco-friendly design. a. Green building b. A xeroscape c. A green audit d. A Large is Beautiful residence A, p. 337 10. The depletion of species or extinction is mainly caused by: a. Drought b. Loss of habitat c. Heat d. Failure to reproduce

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B, 336 11. _________ are systems of morals, principles, values, or good conduct. a. Ethics b. Channels c. Social exchanges d. Cultures A, p. 336 12. ____________ are the remains of dead vegetation, such as coal, oil, and natural gas which can be burned to release energy. a. Flora and fauna b. Effluent c. Fossil fuels d. Charcoal and ash C, p. 340 13. Which of the following is false? a. A breakdown of U.S. household garbage reveals the largest amount percentagewise is paper and paperboard. b. In U.S. households most of the water usage is in the bathroom. c. The founder of the modern environmental movement and author of Silent Spring is Rachel Carson d. Deciduous trees such as most pines do not lose their leaves/foliage in winter.

D, p. 345 14. ________ is an odorless and colorless gas, a product of the combustion of fossil fuels and burning wood. It is a leading cause of accidental poisoning in the U.S. a. Radon b. Carbon monoxide (CO) c. Nitrogen dioxide d. Sulfur dioxide B, p. 350 15. The intensity or loudness of sound is measured by: a. Amps

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b. Bytes c. Decibels d. Watts C, p. 346 Essays 1. The chapter ends with a discussion of positive ecology. Define and discuss the term and give ten examples of reducing, reusing, and/or recycling.

Answer: Page 352 for definition and description of positive ecology. Ideas are given throughout the chapter for the ten examples from water saving to noise reduction all leading to healthier homes and lives.

2. Environmental awareness begins in the home. How can children help reduce the ecological footprint? How can college students help?

Answer: See photo and discussion on page 331 and description on page 330 of ecological footprint.

Chapter 13 MANAGING FINANCES Overview & Teaching Suggestions This chapter gets us back to personal management with the subject of personal finance although it is presented in terms of the general economy and thus the greater environment. Decision-making and practical choices are given throughout the chapter including the first picture on page 357. The caption should read “hike” instead of like.

Ask students what are they saving for or will save for once graduated and working fulltime.

On the board or screen, put up the goal-time categories below and have students suggest examples: • • •

Short term goals (0-3 years) Medium term goals (3-7 years) Long term goals (7-10 years)

Which of these goals costs money? The answer will be they nearly all do. See if they can estimate costs.

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FICO scores covered on page 371 is a subject of avid student interest and misconception. Stress the range 300-850 and that the number one determinant is “bills paid on time.” The main point is that credit and money use has a history that follows them and will affect future purchases.

Critical Thinking boxes are located on pages 356, 369, and 377. Suggested Activities are on pages 358 and 382 (about Social Security and the sliding scale).

Multiple Choice Questions 1. It is easy to sign contracts for gym membership, but if one rarely goes to the gym a gap exists between _______ and behavior. a. Resources b. Values (hope) c. Attitudes d. Ethics B, p. 357 2. Self-control issues exist for several areas for most people. Which of the following is not on the usual list? a. Using credit or debit cards b. Mail order clubs or buying online c. Malls, shopping centers or other types of in-person shopping d. Antiques D, p. 357 3. One attitude shift in the United States is that people are beginning ___________ at an earlier age. a. Travel planning b. Career planning c. Retirement planning d. Estate planning C, p. 358 3. __________ is the science or practice of managing money or other assets. a. Actuarial management b. Budgeting c. Accounting d. Financial management

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D, p. 358 4. A(n) _____ or a spending plan or guide can be helpful by providing a visible means of controlling money. a. Annuity b. Budget c. Net worth statement d. Money calendar B, p. 359 5. In the United States, the Great Depression peaked in: a. 1900 b. 1933 c. 1945 d. 1981 B, p. 360 6. The Business Cycle has three main parts, which of these is not one of them? a. Expansion b. Recession c. Inflation d. Recovery C, p. 361 7. An area that is rising significantly in cost is: a. Health care b. Home appliances and electronics c. College tuition d. both a and c are correct D, p. 361 8. The main measure of inflation is the ________________ computed and reported each month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. a. Consumer Price Index b. Product Producer Index c. Consumer Confidence Survey

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d. New Homes Sales Matrix A, p. 362 9. The _____________ is a measure of the goods and services affordable and available to consumers. a. standard of living b. level of living c. consumption standard d. online consumer survey B, p. 362 10. There are different kinds of income discussed in the book. Which one of the following does not belong. a. Discretionary b. Disposable c. Gross d. Aspirational D, p. 362 11. Rent and car payments are examples of: a. Variable expenses b. Fixed expenses c. Net worth expenses d. Assets B, p. 365 12. One way to approach saving is to have a goal of building a(n) ______________ of three to six month’s income. a. Emergency fund b. Umbrella reserve c. Quantity fund d. Production/consumption reserve A, p. 367 13. ____________ also known as cash cards are computerized banking transactions, they remove money directly from your account.

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a. Credit cards b. Debit cards c. Smart cards d. Access cards B, p. 369 14. Which of the following is not one of the three major credit bureaus in the U.S.? a. Equifax b. Experian c. American Express d. Trans Union C, p. 371 15. A(n)_______ is a numeric value assigned to credit habits, bill paying, and history. a. FICO Score b. Annual percentage score c. Financial Score d. FDIC Score A, p. 371 16. ___________ is the speed and ease of retrieving cash or turning another type of investment into cash. a. Morbidity b. Liquidity c. Asset building d. Lifetime earning credit B, p. 372 Essays 1.Medicare (government-sponsored health insurance) starts at age 65, yet full Social Security (based on date of birth) might not start until 66 or 67. Discuss government policy and also personal financial decisions given this piece of information. Include in your discussion family issues such as the “sandwich generation.” How do people choose when is the best time to retire from a financial perspective?

Answer: Page 379 – 380.

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3. Wealth is the state of being rich and having a high net worth. List 5 activities someone could do to build wealth (legal ways only). Explain how you arrived at these 5 activities and how they would lead to wealth accumulation.

Answer: Throughout the chapter, specifically on wealth pages 384-385.

Chapter 14 LOOKING AHEAD Overview & Teaching Suggestions This final chapter builds on the previous ones and offers a view into the future. What can we expect? Greater technology and mobility, no doubt, and better health and on the flip side a more crowded planet with the decision making issues and resource allocation that come as a result.

New to this edition is the 5S Management Concept borrowed from business management and manufacturing about how to organize – applies to tangibles such as work and living spaces and to intangibles such as information. It can be seen as a progression, an update, of work simplification introduced in Chapter 2 on “Management History and Theories.” Less clutter enhances productivity and that aesthetics matter, new research adds credence to these principles – do students agree or disagree?

On the surface, the 5S Management Concept can seem simplistic but try it on a space or on a program policy/idea/curriculum and you will see there is more to it than meets the eye, especially if many people are involved in the performance and the outcome.

Look at the end step, this is another chance to reinforce the word “sustain” as in sustainability discussed in Chapter 12 on “Managing Environmental Resources.”

• • • • •

Sort: Order items and activities Straighten: Arrange Shine: After task is done, clean and restore areas Standardize: Consistent methods save time Sustain: Maintain, reduce waste, evaluate

Feeling creative? In discussing the future and life on self-sustaining moon bases or on Mars, on the board or screen draw or show Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (from page 11) and go through the steps beginning with physiological needs and the concerns therein. What do students need to know about air supply first of all? NASA websites are a resource.

Critical Thinking boxes are on pages 393 (family changes), 396 (home innovations), 399 (5S concept), and 401 (time and privacy).

Multiple Choice Questions

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1. Which of the following is not one of the steps in the 5S Management Concept? a. Sort b. Straighten c. Socialize d. Sustain C, p. 398 2. The 5S Management Concept is derived from five ___________ words which when loosely translated into English become five words beginning with the letter “S.” a. Danish b. Japanese c. Russian d. German B, p. 398 3. _______________ refers to openness in revealing information about the operations of companies, organizations, institutions, and governments. a. Transparency b. Viscosity c. Liquidity d. Apprenticing A, p. 392 4. Management needs more _________ who participate in community action programs and families, contribute to scientific, social or economic advances and improve human lives. a. Followers b. Leaders c. Social workers d. Muckrakers B, p. 393 5. In the U.S. the number of households is: a. Growing b. Staying the same

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c. Decreasing slowly d. Decreasing at a fast rate A, p. 395 6. ________________ is defined as the application of the scientific method and materials to achieve objectives. Another definition is knowledge systematically applied to useful purposes. a. History b. The 4C Concept c. Technology d. Engineering C, p. 394 7. _____________ consists of the social and managerial processes through which solutions are first translated into social use in a given culture. a. Innovation b. Invention c. Diffusion d. Intellect A, p. 394 8. According to the writer William Gibson, “The future is already here – it’s just unevenly distributed.” By this he means that: a. Internet access, for example, is available to some but not to all b. Innovation access is readily available to all c. The low-income countries are catching up to the rich countries d. New technologies spread at an even pace A, p. 397 9. About ___________ of the U.S. population moves each year. a. 5% b. 10% c. 15% d. 35% C, p. 400

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10. The _________ measures overall progress in 174 countries, based on life expectancy, adult literacy rate, education level and GDP per capita. a. United Nations Well-Being Ratio b. Human Development Index (HDI) c. De Facto Index d. International Impact Survey B, p. 402 11. _________ means the expression by cultural and ethnic groups of their heritage. a. Multiculturalism b. Socialization c. The slow food movement d. Apartheid A, p. 403 12. The shift from wanting to own all to owning only what is needed is an example of a _________________. a. Paradigm shift b. Goal re-evaluation c. Reformation d. Retro-change A, p. 404 13. Because _____ has two official languages (French and English), it is one of the world’s leaders in multiculturalism and government policy. a. Belgium b. Canada c. France d. Ghana B, p. 403 14. _____________ identifies and organizes the genes of plants and animals, impacting on a number of disciplines including agriculture. a. Hydroponics b. Genome mapping c. Cloning d. Hydroponics

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B, p. 405 15. _________________ means that each unit of saved time is more valuable than the last unit. a. Acceleration effect b. Assimilation c. Separation d. Acculturation A, p. 401 Essays 1. What would be the resource management problems and situations involved in having people from Earth live on a self-sustaining moon base or on the planet Mars? Assuming that people are in each place for several weeks, list at least 10 decisions/choices keeping Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in mind.

Answer: Page 405 (air, food, water, shelter), Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is on page 11.

2. Define the parts of the 5S Management Solution and explain how they can be used to organize: • •

an existing home, and a workplace with many employees

Answer: Pages 398–399 and in the earlier discussion under “Overview & Teaching Suggestions.”

- End of Instructor’s Manual -

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