Cultural Landscape, The An Introduction to Human Geography, 13th edition James M Rubenstein Test Ban

Cultural Landscape, The An Introduction to Human Geography, 13th edition BY James M. Rubenstein

Email: richard@qwconsultancy.com

The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 1 This Is Geography 1) Human geography can best be defined as A) a tool to study factors such as site, place, location, region, and communication.

B) humans in medieval times creating maps to travel between villages.

C) the identification of the when and why of important human events.

D) the study of where things are on earth and why they are found there.

E) a social science concerned with Earth's physical features.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Why is Geography a Science?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.1: Summarize geography's basic concepts Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 2) The relationship among people and objects across space is defined as A) scale.

B) connection.

C) diffusion.

D) density.

E) location.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Why is Geography a Science?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.1: Summarize geography's basic concepts Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 3) According to the surviving evidence, the first person to write the word geography was A) Aristotle.

B) Eratosthenes.

C) Strabo.

D) Thales of Miletus.

E) Thucydides.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Why is Geography a Science?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.1: Summarize geography's basic concepts Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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4) According to Immanuel Kant, the most important distinction between the disciplines of geography and history is A) the type and source of material being studied.

B) the reasons why certain historical events occur.

C) location. The choice of how best to research human behavior and activities.

D) time. Both Geographers and Historians ask "why" but Geographers want to know "where?" and Historians want to know "when?".

E) whether relationships are strong or weak between historic and geographic events.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Why is Geography a Science?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.1: Summarize geography's basic concepts Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 5) Geographers are interested in the relationships between locations on Earth, which include A) regions, places, and connections.

B) scale, regions, and space.

C) maps, space, and scale.

D) scale, space, and connection.

E) local, global, and regional.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Why is Geography a Science?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.1: Summarize geography's basic concepts Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 6) Which of the following concepts is true in human geography?

A) Location is the relationship between a portion of the Earth being studied and the whole Earth.

B) Connection refers to the physical gap between two objects.

C) Place is a specific point on Earth distinguished by specific qualities.

D) Commonly used words such as space and place are the same thing.

E) A region may be represented by a city block, a neighborhood, a city boundary or an entire metropolitan area.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Why is Geography a Science?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.1: Summarize geography's basic concepts Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society

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7) Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the origins of geography?

A) Geography was invented as a science in the late eighteenth century.

B) Physical geography has been studied since ancient times, but human geography was first studied in the twentieth century.

C) Geography owes its existence to the Renaissance period in Western Europe.

D) Humans have practiced geography at least since the time of ancient Greek civilization.

E) Human geography was not practiced until powerful computers capable of mapping detailed information were invented.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Mapping Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.2: Explain the development of the science of cartography Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 8) The art and science of making maps is A) demography.

B) cartography.

C) topography.

D) geomorphology.

E) geography.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Mapping Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.2: Explain the development of the science of cartography Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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9) Which of the following statements about maps is correct?

A) Fairly accurate navigational maps could only be produced after the start of the Industrial Revolution.

B) The first "true" maps appeared because of modern printing presses in the twentieth century.

C) Sailors during the European Renaissance had paper maps that were far more useful to them than were the "stick charts" possessed by Polynesian sailors and fishers.

D) Maps have appeared in many forms in different societies and times, including modern paper maps, GPS in cars, and the urban maps of ancient Turkey.

E) Maps that distort the sizes of Greenland and Antarctica are generally the best, although they make Africa and South America appear too small while simultaneously expanding the size of Europe.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Mapping Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.2: Explain the development of the science of cartography Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 10) The creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed as a service by individuals is known as A) Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI).

B) remote sensing.

C) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) programming.

D) Global Positioning System (GPS) ground truthing.

E) citizen geography.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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11) Driving around doing fieldwork to gather and verify information for street navigation devices is called A) ground truthing.

B) remote sensing.

C) GIS programming.

D) GPS grounding.

E) GPS. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 12) The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite, spacecraft, or specially equipped high-altitude balloon is A) GIS. B) GPS. C) remote sensing.

D) aerial photography.

E) photogrammetry.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 13) A description of GIS would be A) a computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

B) a system of interconnected computers sharing geographic data.

C) a computer that generates remote data and stores it in the form of maps.

D) an operating system installed on your phone that supplies navigational data.

E) a computer that overlays geographic data from various sources in layers.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5 ..

14) Global Positioning Systems are most commonly used for A) relative association.

B) situational photogrammetry.

C) navigational purposes.

D) toponymic ground truthing.

E) military surveillance activities.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 15) A mental map A) requires that a person be in a particular location to draw the map.

B) is a map created using a GIS. C) is a personal representation of a location.

D) is limited by citizen science.

E) is the same thing as participatory GIS. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 16) Which of these mapping processes has led to concerns about privacy?

A) participatory GIS B) citizen science C) mashup production D) geotagging E) virtual 3D mapping Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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17) If NASA sends a space probe into orbit around Mars, and that probe transmits images of the Martian surface back to Earth, we could say that A) the space probe is gathering surface data, but it cannot be described as engaging in remote sensing because this is an operation that, by definition, can only be accomplished from Earth orbit.

B) the space probe is generating data for GPS. C) the space probe is engaging in remote sensing, although it is gathering data from a planet other than Earth.

D) the probe is engaging in aerial sensing, although it is taking its "pictures" from outer space.

E) the USGS has programmed the space probe to mimic the work of Earth satellites.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 18) If a geographer uses some of the components and applications of a computer system to organize and display maps, but she doesn't use it for other functions, A) she is still using a GIS, although she may not be using all of its potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data.

B) she is still utilizing a GPS, although she may not be using all of its potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data.

C) she is using only the components of a remote sensing system, because she is not storing, organizing, retrieving, or analyzing data.

D) she is not using a GIS, because she is not using all of the system's potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data.

E) she is using only the topographic analysis functions, because she is not using all of its potential to store, organize, retrieve, and analyze data.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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19) A geographer might use a GPS to A) log the locations where photographs were taken, but not to geocache.

B) make a map but not to drive a car.

C) find the best route to a store or log the locations where photographs were taken.

D) record toponyms and adjust errors of spatial associations.

E) make a map or find a route to a favorite store.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 20) Map scale is best defined as A) the system used by geographers to transfer locations from a globe to a map.

B) the spread of a phenomenon over a given area compared to its size.

C) the difference in elevation between two points in an area.

D) the relationship between the length of an object on a map and that feature on the landscape.

E) the ratio of the largest to smallest areas on a map.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Making Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 21) 1:24,000 is an example of what kind of scale?

A) a bar line scale B) a metric scale C) a graphic scale D) a written scale E) a ratio representation scale Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Making Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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22) A process for transferring locations from a globe to a flat map is known as A) distribution.

B) interruption.

C) rendition.

D) scale.

E) projection.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Making Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 23) Which of the following is the best reason why a map projection would stretch and distort the shape of a continent?

A) in order to preserve shapes of other continents B) distort the distances and relative sizes of countries and continents C) to create a map that accurately represents a globe in every detail D) to accurately represent the physical area of a country or continent E) to more accurately show the shape of that same continent Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Making Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 24) If the scale of a map is 1:100,000 ratio, then 1 centimeter represents which of the following on Earth's surface?

A) 100,000 centimeters B) 10 kilometers C) 10,000 kilometers D) 100,000 kilometers E) 1,000 centimeters Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Making Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 9 ..

25) Which area represented on a map would have the largest numeric scale?

A) world B) continent C) state D) city E) country Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Making Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 26) You are given the coordinates 45 N latitude 128 E longitude. This is an example of a(n) A) precise location.

B) absolute location.

C) relative location.

D) mathematical grid interchange.

E) site-situation location.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 27) John Harrison's clock made a significant contribution to navigation because A) it accurately measured time and distance with use of a pendulum.

B) it proved that geography was also a physical science.

C) for the first time in history, longitude could be calculated because the clock kept accurate time on a ship.

D) for the first time in history, latitudes were proven to exist.

E) it was calibrated to equate distance to the movement of the stars.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 10 ..

28) Which statement about the geographic grid on a globe is more accurate?

A) The grid is used to locate a meridian.

B) Every meridian is the same length and begins and ends at the same place.

C) Each parallel begins and ends at the poles.

D) Every parallel is the same length.

E) Every meridian is distorted.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 29) From which location is Greenwich Mean Time measured?

A) 0 degrees latitude B) 0 degrees longitude C) 90 degrees latitude D) 180 degrees longitude E) 90 degrees longitude Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Telling Time Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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30) The International Date Line is located nearest to A) 0 degrees latitude.

B) 0 degrees longitude.

C) 90 degrees latitude.

D) 180 degrees longitude.

E) 90 degrees longitude.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Telling Time Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 31) Based on your mental map, you would deduce that the coordinates 12 S latitude, 171 E longitude, are likely located A) just east of the International Date Line and just north of the equator.

B) just south of the equator and just east of the prime meridian.

C) just west of the International Date Line and just south of the equator.

D) just west of the prime meridian and just south of the equator.

E) just south of the International Date Line and just east of the equator.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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32) In this type of map, an area represented as darker represents a higher concentration of a variable A) isoline map.

B) choropleth map.

C) graduated symbol map.

D) punctuated distribution map.

E) dot distribution map.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 33) A cartogram style map would differ in appearance to other maps because A) the geographic grid would be emphasized in relation to the variable.

B) cartograms are the oldest type of map and are therefore less accurate.

C) the symbols displayed would vary in size based on quantity.

D) the dots are predetermined, representing the size of the variable.

E) it depicts a country or state as proportional to the value of the variable, not its actual area.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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34) You see the coordinates 10 N latitude, 5 E longitude, and can deduce that this location is A) near both the equator and the prime meridian.

B) near the equator but quite far from the prime meridian.

C) near the International Date Line as well as the North Pole.

D) near the International Date Line and the prime meridian.

E) near both the equator and the International Date Line.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 35) The coordinates 89 N latitude, 150 E longitude, are located A) near both the International Date Line and the North Pole.

B) near the equator but quite far from the prime meridian.

C) near the International Date Line and the equator.

D) near the North Pole and the prime meridian.

E) near both the Tropic of Cancer and the International Date Line.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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36) Without looking at a map, we might deduce that a geographer would describe the location of the coordinates 11 S latitude, 170 W longitude, as A) just west of the International Date Line and just north of the equator.

B) just south of the equator and just east of the prime meridian.

C) just east of the International Date Line and just south of the equator.

D) just east of the prime meridian and just south of the equator.

E) just south of the International Date Line and just east of the equator.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.1.5: Explain how the geographic grid locates points on Earth's surface and helps to tell time Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 37) The name of a location on Earth's surface is known as A) place.

B) site.

C) situation.

D) toponym.

E) geonym.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 38) Which best describes how situation is used to identify location?

A) location relative to other objects or places B) mathematical location on Earth's surface C) nominal location D) unique, internal physical and cultural characteristics E) land area Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 15 ..

39) How is site used to identify the location of a place?

A) by location relative to other objects and places B) through mathematical location on Earth's surface C) by its nominal location D) with unique physical characteristics E) by land area Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 40) When describing the location of New York City as 100 miles northeast of Philadelphia and 100 miles southwest of Boston, a geographer is using A) location.

B) site.

C) situation.

D) toponym.

E) jurisdiction.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 41) Which term would a geographer use when describing one or more unique characteristics of a place?

A) biome B) landscape C) region D) formal E) ecosystem Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 16 ..

42) A geographer's analysis of spatial association would entail A) examining relationships and patterns across the physical distance between two objects.

B) confining the analysis to political boundaries.

C) examining government control of territory.

D) examining only physical characteristics of the globe.

E) observing conditions only from a planetary and universal scale.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 43) Oxford, Ohio, is located five miles east of the Indiana state line and thirty-five miles northwest of Cincinnati. This is an example of which of the possible ways of indicating location?

A) site B) region C) situation D) township and range E) place Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 44) Given your understanding of regions, the territories set aside for the Alaskan Indigenous people are an example of A) governmental regions.

B) functional regions.

C) nodal regions.

D) formal regions.

E) vernacular regions.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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45) Which is the best reason why the state of Texas is considered a formal region?

A) only one language is spoken in most of the cities of the region B) state laws apply in a uniform way throughout region C) religion is the same throughout the region D) transportation networks converge in the major highways of the region E) it is a part of the United States Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 46) Which of the following would likely be included as a characteristic of the South as a vernacular region?

A) short summers B) incomes above the national average C) prevalence of Methodist churches D) relatively dry winters E) slang which may include "ya'll" Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity; 6: How culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 47) Which of the following is most likely a functional region?

A) an area where new ideas seem to be circulating the fastest B) the area where a certain church or sect predominates C) the area that a person regards as a hometown D) the service area of a television station E) an area united by fans of of a particular professional football team Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 18 ..

48) Which of the following is the best example of a vernacular region?

A) a sports "conference" or area within which sports teams compete with one another B) the service area of a television station C) the market area of a supermarket D) the area unified by a certain worldview or philosophy E) the area served by a pizza delivery person Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 49) In addition to English, Spanish is increasingly spoken in areas near the southwestern border of the United States. What type of region does this gradual change of language reflect?

A) formal B) functional C) vernacular D) geo-linguistic E) bilingual Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 50) Which of the following best captures the concept of a cultural landscape?

A) a landscape that has been completely modified, like a city center B) a landscape set aside for historical preservation, like a Civil War battlefield C) land that has been developed with museums, concert halls, and schools D) a landscape where the values of the society have been imprinted on the natural environment in some way E) a landscape untouched by human activity, featuring mountains, rivers, and plants Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 19 ..

51) Which conclusion is best supported by using the prevalence of Baptist churches to define the South?

A) climate factors are more important than cultural factors B) only one religion is practiced in the South C) state legislators make decisions based on religious convictions D) cultural factors are often used to define regions E) the physical environment has little influence on human actions Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity; 6: How culture and experience influence people's perceptions of places and regions Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 52) Which of the following are fundamental elements of culture?

A) customary beliefs, volcanic mountain ranges, and river settlements B) material beliefs, customary forms,, and social traits C) material traits, customary beliefs, and physical environments D) customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms E) physical environments, social norms, and material traits Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 53) The number of prescriptions written for chronic pain and the incidence of opioid overdoses in the United States is an example of A) vernacular regions.

B) spatial association.

C) expansion diffusion.

D) situational factors.

E) functional association.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20 ..

54) The concept that the distribution of one phenomenon is related to the location of other phenomena is known as A) geographic analysis.

B) spatial analysis.

C) spatial association.

D) spatial distribution.

E) regional association.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 55) Culture is best defined as A) caring about and nurturing something.

B) nurturing the growth of a plant but not ideas, customs, or beliefs.

C) developing new variations.

D) discarding effective practices.

E) teaching art, music, and literature.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 56) Geographers characterize the spread of McDonald's around the world as an example of A) economic proliferation.

B) unique regional tastes in nearly every location.

C) relocation diffusion of restaurants.

D) economic globalization but not cultural diffusion.

E) economic and cultural globalization.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Scale: Global to Local Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.1a: Relate the geographic concept of scale to economic change; 1.3.1b: Relate the geographic concept of scale to culture change Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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57) Which statement describes the globalization of culture?

A) more uniform consumption preferences, enhanced communications, increased unequal access to resources B) enhanced communications for the wealthy, heterogeneity, and equal access to resources C) more uniform consumption preferences, slower communications, unequal access to resources, greater access to entertainment, and a mixture of uniformity and variety in cultural forms D) sharing local traditions with the next generation E) the maintenance of local traditions along with uniformity of cultural beliefs and forms Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Scale: Global to Local Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.1b: Relate the geographic concept of scale to culture change Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 58) Which is the best example of how culture at the local scale persists despite the forces of globalization?

A) enhanced communications via the Internet B) prevalence of global clothing option such as blue jeans C) increasing use of English for communication needs D) access to a wide array of entertainment television programming E) persistence of distinctive cultural beliefs Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Scale: Global to Local Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.1b: Relate the geographic concept of scale to culture change Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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59) The identifying practices of these organizations include conducting research to determine the distinctive assets of a place, and moving factories from high wage regions to low wage regions.

A) transnational corporations B) nonessential employees C) democratic governments D) nationalized corporations E) locally owned corporations Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Scale: Economic Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.1a: Relate the geographic concept of scale to economic change Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 60) The U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the country into a system of A) townships, towns, and major urban centers.

B) ranges, distances, and map symbols.

C) scales, ranges, and town-county boundaries.

D) quarter sections, range sections, and county sections.

E) townships, ranges, and sections.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Distribution of Features Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.2: Compare three properties of distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 61) In geography, a pattern can be classified as A) regular, irregular, geometric.

B) a section.

C) irregular spatial regions.

D) dense or sparse populations.

E) concentrated geometric grid sections.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Distribution of Features Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.2: Compare three properties of distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society

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62) The arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth's surface is known as A) dispersal.

B) spatial analysis.

C) spatial association.

D) distribution.

E) diffusion.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Distribution of Features Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.2: Compare three properties of distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 63) The frequency of something within a given unit of area is known as its A) concentration.

B) density.

C) distribution.

D) pattern.

E) dispersion.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Distribution of Features Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.2: Compare three properties of distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 64) The spread of something over a given study area is called A) concentration.

B) density.

C) distribution.

D) pattern.

E) diffusion.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Distribution of Features Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.2: Compare three properties of distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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65) Which descriptor about the township and range system is TRUE? A) It established a grid pattern for much of present-day land use in the United States.

B) It is in use nearly everywhere in the world. It diffused widely around the world.

C) It was used for navigation by early North American pioneers, traders, and explorers.

D) It was widespread in Europe before diffusing to the United States.

E) It was based on population concentration during colonial times.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Space: Distribution of Features Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.2: Compare three properties of distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 66) Post-structural geographers might do research to understand A) the extent of and damages resulting from the Flint Michigan water crisis.

B) how formal regions can be re-structured into functional regions.

C) women's education levels as compared to men's.

D) why the Castro District in San Francisco is friendly to LGBTQ people.

E) municipal decisions regarding infrastructure.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.3: Summarize geographic thought, with application to the geography of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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67) Globalization of the economy has A) leveled economic differences between places in three core regions.

B) heightened economic differences between regions of the core and periphery.

C) decreased investment in less developed peripheral countries.

D) drained resources from "command centers" in more developed countries.

E) decreased regional specialization of production.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.3: Summarize geographic thought, with application to the geography of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68) The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions is described as A) balance of power.

B) trade theory.

C) uneven development.

D) capitalism.

E) resource exploitation.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.3: Summarize geographic thought, with application to the geography of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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69) The branch of human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meaning is A) Poststructuralist Geography.

B) Humanistic Geography.

C) Behavioral Geography.

D) Feminist Geography.

E) Historical Geography.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.3: Summarize geographic thought, with application to the geography of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 70) Global culture is often described as centered on three core areas, which are A) South Asia, Western Europe, and the United States.

B) France, Germany, and Japan.

C) North America, Europe, and East Asia.

D) Europe, Japan, and South Asia.

E) the United Kingdom, East Asia, and Eastern Europe.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Space: Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.3: Summarize geographic thought, with application to the geography of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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71)

Use the map in Figure 1-1. Which observation is correct?

A) In North America, Australia, and most of South America, men and women are equally paid.

B) North Africa and the Middle East have the most income equity.

C) In every country of the world, the average income earned by women is less than that of men.

D) In China, there is more income equality than those of neighboring Mongolia.

E) Scandinavian countries demonstrate less equality in income than Southeast Asia.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Space: Gender Identity Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.4: Analyze geographic approaches to important elements of cultural identity Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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72)

Based on the information presented in Figure 1-2, which of the following conclusions is correct?

A) Hispanics have been segregated in peripheral areas.

B) Dodge Island and Virginia Key are likely to have similar incomes and ethnic make up.

C) Little Haiti is a mix of blacks and Hispanics.

D) Non-Hispanic whites are clustered near the coastline.

E) African American populations are generally concentrated in downtown Miami.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Space: Cultural Identity Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.5a: Discuss geographic approaches to ethnicity as important elements of cultural identity Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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73) Spatial organization by ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation are examples of cultural A) nodes.

B) identity.

C) toponyms.

D) geotagging.

E) meridians.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Space: Cultural Identity Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.5a: Discuss geographic approaches to ethnicity as important elements of cultural identity; 1.3.5b: Discuss geographic approaches to sexuality as important elements of cultural identity Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 74) A hearth is defined as A) a region from which a phenomenon originates.

B) the process by which a feature or trend spreads.

C) an area defined by one or more distinctive features or trends.

D) the modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more powerful one.

E) the perimeter or boundary marked by a regional feature.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Connections: Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.6: Describe the various ways that features can spread through diffusion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 75) Which of the following are forms of expansion diffusion?

A) contagious and informal eponymous B) hierarchical and formal C) economic and relocation D) contagious and hierarchical E) relocation and stimulus Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Connections: Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.6: Describe the various ways that features can spread through diffusion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 30 ..

76) The historic diffusion of HIV/AIDS in the United States is an example of which type of diffusion?

A) contagious B) hierarchical C) relocation D) stimulus E) geospatial Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Connections: Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.6: Describe the various ways that features can spread through diffusion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 77) The diffusion of HIV/AIDS prevention methods and treatments in the United States is an example of which type of diffusion?

A) contagious B) hierarchical C) relocation D) stimulus E) geospatial Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Connections: Diffusion Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.6: Describe the various ways that features can spread through diffusion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 78) Which geographic concept best accounts for the difference in the time it took for Columbus to cross the Atlantic and John Glenn to cross the Atlantic is an example of A) more accurate time measurement.

B) increased geographic knowledge.

C) space-time compression.

D) including longitude as part of the grid.

E) establishing a prime meridian.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.3: Connections: Spatial Interaction Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.3.7: Explain how places are connected through networks Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31 ..

79) Immigrants who learn language, play sports, and adopt clothing styles of their new country, while still retaining their native language and religion, are an example of A) assimilation.

B) acculturation.

C) syncretism.

D) stimulus diffusion.

E) hierarchical diffusion.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Connections: Spatial Interaction Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.7: Explain how places are connected through networks Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 80) Which geographic concept would best explain the popularity of electric scooters in recent years?

A) hierarchical diffusion B) contagious diffusion C) only expansion diffusion D) stimulus diffusion E) relocation diffusion Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Connections: Spatial Interaction Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.7: Explain how places are connected through networks Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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81) Mormonism is most concentrated in the counties surrounding Salt Lake City, Utah. As distance from Salt Lake City increases, the percentage of Mormons declines. This is an example of A) assimilation.

B) acculturation.

C) syncretism.

D) distance decay.

E) time space compression.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.3: Connections: Spatial Interaction Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.7: Explain how places are connected through networks Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 82) Which of the following pairs of resources and their renewability is correct?

A) Coal—renewable B) Solar—nonrenewable C) Petroleum—nonrenewable D) Hydroelectric—nonrenewable E) Natural Gas—nonrenewable Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 83) Which statement best describes the Florida Everglades ecosystem?

A) The northern part of Lake Okeechobee was drained to provide farmland for cotton.

B) The wetlands have been self-regenerating and self-restoring in spite of human actions.

C) The Everglades were once a shallow, 50-mile wide river.

D) Canals and levees constructed in the 1950s that allowed for urban expansion of Miami and Fort Lauderdale also protected the wildlife in the Everglades National Park.

E) The waterways have been protected from contamination by fertilizer runoff.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 33 ..

84) A development plan that uses Earth's resources prudently to ensure availability in the future is a(n) A) equitable plan.

B) sustainable plan.

C) capitalist plan.

D) socialist plan.

E) preservation plan.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 85) Which of the following pairs is correct?

A) Water rationing—preservation B) Restrictions on oil drilling in the arctic—conservation C) Yosemite National Park—conservation D) Fuel efficiency mandates—preservation E) Recycling—conservation Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 86) Which of the following actions would an individual who believes in preservation support?

A) limited logging in forests with legislation that requires all cut trees to be re-planted B) setting land aside that will remain undeveloped by humans into the future C) planning for development that retains resources for future use by humans D) building dams to generate electricity as an alternative to fossil fuels E) modifying the Endangered Species Act once an animal population has recovered Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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87) Which of the following would further the goal of sustainability?

A) eliminates the use of nonrenewable resources B) curtails the use of nonrenewable resources and controls the use of renewable resources to ensure availability in the future C) demands the elimination of fossil fuel use D) curtails the use of renewable resources and controls the use of nonrenewable resources to ensure availability in the future E) encourages wholesale dependence on wood products Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 88) Which statement best supports a geographer's view that the use of resources is a reflection of culture?

A) Society's values are the basis for choosing which resources to use.

B) Everyone in society agrees on how to use Earth's resources.

C) The goal of cultures throughout the world is to deplete nonrenewable resources.

D) How to use resources cannot be taught to the next generation in school or church.

E) Consumer choices can do little to move towards sustainability.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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89)

Based on the information in Figure 1-3, which of the following is correct?

A) The only place in which arid and semiarid lands are found is located in Africa.

B) Throughout much of the world, semiarid lands largely border arid lands.

C) The world's only tropical rainy climate region is located in Brazil.

D) Marine west coast climates are only found located on the west coast of countries.

E) The subarctic climate encompasses the entire Russian Federation.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Earth Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.4.2: Explain Earth's three abiotic physical systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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90) With which of Earth's systems are the mantle and crust most closely associated?

A) the atmosphere B) the hydrosphere C) the lithosphere D) the biosphere E) the geosphere Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Earth Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.4.2: Explain Earth's three abiotic physical systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 91) Weather conditions such as monsoons are the result of variations in which of the following?

A) topography B) wind direction C) population D) land use E) dew points Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Earth Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.4.2: Explain Earth's three abiotic physical systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 92) Which of the following statements about Earth's physical systems is correct?

A) The hydrosphere includes water in solid, and liquid forms only.

B) The lithosphere includes the mantle, core, and crust.

C) Oxygen is the major element of the atmosphere.

D) All living organisms are part of the hydro sphere.

E) The atmosphere is the only biotic sphere.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Earth Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.4.2: Explain Earth's three abiotic physical systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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93) U.S. Geological Survey's topographic maps contain l detail about A) an area's physical landscape.

B) an area's cultural landscape.

C) an area's elevation variation.

D) both physical features and cultural landmarks of an area.

E) an area's water resources.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Earth Systems Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.4.2: Explain Earth's three abiotic physical systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 94) The study of how humans and the environment interact is called A) environmental determinism.

B) cultural ecology.

C) cultural diffusion.

D) cultural possibilism.

E) natural science.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Geography & Ecology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.3: Explain how the biosphere interacts with abiotic systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 15: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 95) Which concept is based on the belief that even though the physical environment may limit human actions, people have the ability to choose if and how to modify the environment?

A) climate B) environmental determinism C) possibilism D) spatial association E) cultural relativism Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Geography & Ecology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.3: Explain how the biosphere interacts with abiotic systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 15: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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96) Which statement best describes environmental determinism?

A) The physical environment causes different types of social and cultural development.

B) The physical environment sets loose limits on cultural and social actions.

C) People cannot adjust to different physical environments because of cultural traditions.

D) People can choose a course of action from many alternatives offered by the physical environment, and they can also engage in cultural behaviors that seem contradictory to the environment.

E) People determine their physical environment.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Geography & Ecology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.3: Explain how the biosphere interacts with abiotic systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment; 15: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 97) Which of the following statements about the physical environment is true?

A) The physical environment is not always the pivotal concern in human decisions.

B) Due to technology, humans can repair all environmental damage.

C) A stable lithosphere provides humans with air to breathe.

D) The physical environment is the key factor in social development.

E) Soil can be easily maintained with modern farming practices.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Geography & Ecology Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.4.3: Explain how the biosphere interacts with abiotic systems Nat'l Geo. Std.: 15: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 98) Polders are most closely associated with which country?

A) Belgium B) Luxembourg C) Germany D) the Netherlands E) the United Kingdom Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainable & Unsustainable Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.4: Compare ecosystems in the Netherlands and South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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99) Which type of landscape do polders represent?

A) natural B) artificial C) xerophytic D) elevated E) terraced Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainable & Unsustainable Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.4: Compare ecosystems in the Netherlands and South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 100) The Dutch have responded to the challenge of global warming by A) protecting the coastline by investing in constructing dams further inland.

B) building extensive seawalls.

C) investing in alternative renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power.

D) adopting geothermal energy technologies.

E) converting to food imports only.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainable & Unsustainable Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.4: Compare ecosystems in the Netherlands and South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 101) Which concept is illustrated by requiring Cape Town, South Africa's residents to reduce their water consumption by 50 percent?

A) conservation B) preservation C) environmental determinism D) possibilism E) distance decay Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 1.4: Sustainable & Unsustainable Ecosystems Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.4: Compare ecosystems in the Netherlands and South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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102) The City of Cape Town nearly ran out of water in 2018 because of A) mismanagement by local government.

B) the doubling of the city's population at the end of apartheid beginning in 1990.

C) three years of drought connected to climate change.

D) failure of the city's desalination plant.

E) leaky pipes and swimming pools owned by the wealthy.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 1.4: Geography & Ecology Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.4.4: Compare ecosystems in the Netherlands and South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 103) If, on a piece of scrap paper, you drew a quick map of your hometown, state, or native country, what kinds of mental connections or "invisible" information would this map reveal about you? What does your sketch map reveal about your biases, your knowledge of the larger world, and your attention to some types of details rather than others (for example, place names versus landmarks). Do you tend to organize your thoughts and memories in terms of maps, illustrations, words, songs, or in some other manner?

Answer: Answers may vary. Answers should include discussion of scale, memory, detail, why a particular place was chosen as the subject, how long someone has lived in a place, and whether the map includes directions or is simply a picture. Organization of thoughts will touch on culture: did you learn how to survive in the woods? Do you often travel by car, bike or foot? What do you value in the subject? Names or relative sizes? How often you have been somewhere?

Diff: 3 Section: 1.1: Contemporary Geographic Tools Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.1.3: Identify geography's principal contemporary mapping tools Nat'l Geo. Std.: 2: How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and environments in a spatial context; 6: How culture and experience influence peoples' perceptions of places and regions Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 104) What are three ways in which scale may be represented on a map?

Answer: Graphic scale, fraction/ratio, and written.

Diff: 1 Section: 1.1: Interpreting Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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105) If a cartographer approached you claiming that she had produced the world's most accurate and useful world map, with none of the shortcomings of previous maps, why would you need to doubt her claims?

Answer: Answers may vary but should discuss distortion associated with projections, size, shape, distance, and direction.

• Maps have specific purposes for which they are designed, therefore no "perfect" map • The challenge of transferring a globe to a flat surface always produces errors (distortion associated with projection) • Map designers have biases that will be reproduced in the map • The term "useful" depends on the person, etc.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.1: Making Maps Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.1.4: Explain the role of map scale and projection in reading maps Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to communicate information Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 106) Explain the difference between site and situation.

Answer: Site is the physical character of a place and situation describes a place relative to another place.

Diff: 2 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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107) It has been said that "all maps lie" and that most maps include political biases. What other ways How could the choice of place names, symbols, boundaries etc. introduce or reduce bias to the map?

Answer: Answers may vary.

Correct response regarding political biases include: • Names of mountains or rivers that are a reflection of those who hold power currently or historically • Boundaries that favor one country over another • Boundaries and labels that make one country appear to cover more territory than they really do • Placement of North America, Europe, or any other source of the map in the center of the map, causing other regions to appear smaller and marginalized by their global distance from the "center"—this can be true of a Southern Hemisphere map specifically drawn to emphasize the common placement of the Northern and Western Hemispheres at the "top" or "center."

• Language used in the map • Choice to label churches but not mosques or synagogues • Imaginary future placement of countries to express wish for independence • Politically correct name changes Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 108) Syracuse, New York, was once known as "The Salt City" because of the salt brines from a lake nearby; it intersected with Erie Canal and later the railroads and even later key highway transit lines. Its latitude is about 43 degrees N and longitude is about 76 degrees west. It is named for a Sicilian city, Siracusa, also known for its salt production.

Drawing on these facts, write a short paragraph that describes the absolute location, toponym, site, connection, and situation of Syracuse, New York.

Answer: Answers may vary.

The absolute location of the city of Syracuse, New York is located at 43°N and 76°W. The toponym for this place is Syracuse. The city's site is the intersection of the Erie Canal and the railroad. Syracuse is connected to other parts of the state, country via its railroads and key highways. Situation includes its importance as a center for salt production.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Place: A Unique Location Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.1: Identify the distinctive features of a place Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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109) Describe and provide examples of each of the three kinds of regions that geographers identify?

Answer: 1) Formal (or uniform or homogeneous) such as a state or country where the laws and rights apply to everyone within the region equally; 2) functional which is a region organized around a focal point for example a TV or radio station listening area; and 3) a vernacular region which people believe exists due to cultural characteristics of a particular place, such as New England or Northern California.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 110) North and South Korea are neighboring countries in East Asia. The people in these countries live in similar physical environments. Consider the similarities and differences in the cultural landscapes of these two countries.

• Define cultural landscape.

• List and explain two ways the cultural landscape of North and South Korea are similar.

• List and explain two ways the cultural landscape of North and South Korea differ.

• Suggest one reason that could account for the similarities and differences.

Answer: Answers may vary.

Cultural landscape is the examination of relationships between social values and physical environments, which in this case encourages the contrasts within this region. While both regions may speak a similar language, share traditions such as diet and clothing, differences in economic development have resulted in unique cultural landscapes. North Korea has invested less in roads, schools, industry and other forms of infrastructure and as a result it has remained more rural and agricultural while South Korea has created high-tech industries, modern cities and ports, and efficient transportation systems. They are also contrasted by, variations in religious practices.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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111)

Based on Figure 1-4 of Iowa's Designated Market Areas, identify and describe the regions shown in the map.

Answer: Should speak to (Formal region) formality of the State and City boundaries, (Functional region) TV broadcast boundaries, and (Vernacular) rising reputation of a particular affiliate might give rise to a vernacular region.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Region: A Unique Area Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.2: Identify the three types of regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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112) Consider the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests at the Standing Rock Reservation, which lasted for 10 months beginning in April 2016. How do geographic concepts help you to better understand the issues surrounding this conflict, within its specific regional setting?

In April, 2016 the Dakota Access Pipeline Protests at the Standing Rock Reservation lasted 10 months.

• Describe the characteristics of the region in which the conflict occurred.

• Explain how the regional setting influenced protests.

• Identify and explain at least two geographic concepts that would help you to analyze the issues surrounding this conflict.

Answer: Answers may vary. The Dakota Access Pipeline is an oil pipeline proposed to deliver oil from Canada into the US beginning at a point in Northwest North Dakota and terminating in Illinois to be refined. The pipeline was planned to pass near Native American sovereign lands and any leak of oil has the potential to contaminate the water supply for the reservation, as well as the Missouri River. The Cultural Identity of the inhabitants and protestors speaks to beliefs about the environment, in that humans can adversely impact the health of the biotic systems though oil drilling and transport. Because of the social history of the region, local people feel their concerns are not taken seriously, and that the environment is being compromised for the sake of profit. Sustainability of the use of non-renewable resources that damage the environment is questioned.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 113) Geographers view culture in two ways: "What people care about" and "What people take care of." Using the Arctic Wildlife Refuge in Alaska as your basis, explain these concepts of culture and analyze the point of contention between Inuit populations and oil companies that wish to drill for oil.

Answer: Answers may vary. Culture is the basis of values, as illustrated by what people care about and what people take care of. The culture that wants to drill for oil wants to protect its way of life that requires consuming oil for heat and industry and cars and electricity. The members of this culture also value economic growth and profits for businesses. The Inuit people also value their way of life, which is derived from obtaining what they need to live from the environment directly. Pollution of water and air, and destruction of trees and wildlife threatens their ability to practice their culture or obtain food from the landscape.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 46 ..

114) Chinatown is often described in terms of a cultural landscape; what components of culture might be visible on the streets of San Francisco's Chinatown?

Answer: Answers may vary. Language (signs and voices); clothes (being worn and for sale); architecture (religious buildings and apartments above shops); food (being sold for cooking in markets and for consumption in restaurants).

Diff: 3 Section: 1.2: Regions: Geography & Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.2.3: Explain two geographic elements in defining culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 115) Define globalization in the context of "scale" and describe the forces that contribute to globalization; what force or trend is in opposition to the force of globalization?

Answer: Answers may vary. Globalization is sometimes defined as increasingly rapid spread of ideas and practices through technology and inter-connected communication systems.

Increasingly, Western ideas and values are associated with globalization of the economy, which is often concerned with maximizing profits. At the global scale, transnational corporations send low-skilled jobs to countries where labor costs are low and workers are discouraged from unionizing for better conditions. This impacts the people and economies in these countries as some people start earning more money than before and enter the middle class. In countries such as the US, a loss of jobs is experienced as manufacturing or customer service tasks are moved to other countries and local companies go out of business who can't compete with the lower costs of production provided by globalization. As the global has become more accessible through improved communications, many local cultures work to preserve traditional lifestyles.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.3: Scale: Global to Local Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.3.1a: Relate the geographic concept of scale to economic change Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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116)

Using the diagram in Figure 1-5, distinguish between pattern, density, and concentration for each of the drawings, a, b, and c. Explain the concept.

Answer: Should speak to variation in density and clustered distributions versus more sparsely distributed objects.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.3: Space: Distribution of Features Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.3.2: Compare three properties of distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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117) Geographers have found that inequality by gender can sometimes be mapped to show the ways different cultural groups use space. Give an example of how space and mobility differ between men and women. Apply geographic concepts of inequality to discuss choices made by men and women.

Answer: Students may give an example such as • more men using bicycles than women • the fact that mom does all the errands and shopping • unsafe for women to walk alone at night and then speculate how safety dictates transportation choices, cultural norms dictate that women care for children and the household, even if she also works full-time, and assumptions that men are safe walking alone and women should know better.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.3: Space: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 1.3.4: Analyze geographic approaches to important elements of cultural identity Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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118)

Using the map in Figure 1-6, describe (a) the observable patterns and spatial associations of relative economic activity, and (b) what social and historical conditions might give rise to this distribution.

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to unequal access and uneven development opportunities; the clustering of capital and economic activity in large cities; the decline in rural and small town businesses under globalization of the economy.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.3: Space: Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.3.3: Summarize geographic thought, with application to the geography of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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119)

Use the information presented in Figure 1-3 to discuss how you would approach your participation in a volunteer tourism or service-learning trip to one of the B climate regions in terms of the Three Pillars of Sustainability. Your response should include whether you think volunteering can meet the three criteria for improved sustainability.

Answer: Answers may vary. If I were to travel on a volunteer service trip to an area with an arid or semi-arid climate, our group would look to find solutions to water shortages or irrigation for the local people. By digging wells the community could have improved health conditions (social), and businesses or tourism (economic) may be improved. Water could be conserved through use of compost toilets and animals and plants introduced that are suitable to thrive in that region (environment). Volunteers can provide ideas and resources to communities in arid climates but local people often know what works best in their area.

Diff: 3 Section: 1.4: Sustainability & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 1.4.1: Describe the three pillars of sustainability Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 2 Population & Health 1) Which of the following is one of the reasons why the study of population geography is especially important?

A) About the same number of people are alive at this time than have ever been in history.

B) Geographers want to know why the world's population has increased more slowly during the second half of the twentieth century.

C) Overpopulation is a threat in every country on the planet.

D) Virtually all global population growth is concentrated in developing countries.

E) Geographers know that the relationship between population and Earth's resources is sustainable.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Population & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.1: Describe the distribution of the world's population Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 2) Demographers contribute to knowledge about population A) because they can predict accurately how many people will be alive in the future.

B) through detailed research related to gender, fertility, health, occupation, and age of people.

C) by conducting the census.

D) by assessing the carrying capacity for a particular species.

E) by submitting personal data about a person's immigration status to the Department of Homeland Security.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.1: Describe the distribution of the world's population Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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3)

Analyze Figure 2-1 World's Population Portion Map. Which of these countries has the highest population?

A) India B) China C) Japan D) Russia E) Thailand Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.1: Describe the distribution of the world's population Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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4)

Use the information presented in Figure 2-2 and your knowledge of geography to confirm that the smaller relative sizes of a country's land area represents A) higher levels of wealth.

B) lower levels of wealth.

C) lower populations.

D) higher populations.

E) smaller land areas.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.1: Describe the distribution of the world's population Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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5) Carrying capacity is impacted by which of the following?

A) the tools and technology available to carry water from its source to the community B) the amount of people working in a particular unit of area C) human action to modify the environment D) human action to limit the distribution of resources E) how long a particular resource is available for use Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.1: Describe the distribution of the world's population Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 6) The term used to describe the area of Earth's surface characterized by human settlement is called the A) hot zone.

B) fertile crescent.

C) population concentration.

D) ecumene.

E) subpolar region.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.2: Contrast regions of high and low population concentrations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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7)

Based on the map in Figure 2-3, the largest population concentration is located in A) China and Japan.

B) the west coast of Australia.

C) the east coast of North America.

D) South Asia.

E) the Middle East.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.2: Contrast regions of high and low population concentrations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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8)

By analyzing the map in Figure 2-3, which best describes areas with the highest population density?

A) areas bordering the equator B) areas bordering the Tropic of Capricorn C) areas bordering the Tropic of Cancer D) along the Prime Meridian E) in the Southern Hemisphere Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.2: Contrast regions of high and low population concentrations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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9)

By examining the map in Figure 2-3, which of the following is NOT true about the world's population concentrations?

A) The highest European population concentrations exist around major rivers and major urban centers.

B) China's population is evenly distributed across its land area.

C) South Asia's population is heavily concentrated around key rivers such as the Indus and Ganges.

D) Australia's concentrations are largely coastal.

E) Sparse population concentrations may be found north of 60 degrees latitude.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.2: Contrast regions of high and low population concentrations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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10) Some of the least populated areas of Earth are located A) in areas of low elevation B) near sea-level C) at high elevations D) along coastlines E) near the equator Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.2: Contrast regions of high and low population concentrations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 11) Which combination of environmental factors is likely to be densely populated?

A) reliable precipitation, mild climates, and fertile river valleys B) high altitudes, mountain meadows, and recreation opportunities C) abundant wildlife, permafrost, and lakes D) coastlines for fishing, high latitudes, and dry winters E) petroleum reserves, deserts, and river deltas Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.2: Contrast regions of high and low population concentrations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 12) The best definition of arithmetic density is A) the total amount of land in a country.

B) the amount of land available for farming.

C) the amount of land available for people to build houses on.

D) the total number of people in a country.

E) the total number of people divided by a given unit of area.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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13) Physiological density is measured as the number of A) acres of farmland per the total area of a country.

B) farmers per area of farmland.

C) people per area of flat land.

D) people per area of arable lands.

E) farm animals per area of arable land.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14) Which term best describes land suited for agriculture?

A) ecumene land B) biome land C) physiological land D) arid land E) arable land Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 15) In which situation can you predict a country's arithmetic density will decrease?

A) increasing the amount of agricultural land B) limiting the number of farmers C) increasing the areas of its urban centers D) limiting the size of its population E) increasing the size of its population Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography

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16) Which measure of population density is linked to its primary purpose?

A) Arithmetic density is the best ratio to use when describing the "why" of population density.

B) Physiologic density is the best ratio to use to describe human health.

C) Agricultural density ratios are the best representation of productive agriculture yields.

D) A comparison of physiologic densities and arithmetic densities helps geographers understand economic differences between countries.

E) Arithmetic density is used to highlight relationships between resources and population centers in a particular region.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 17) Canada has 2 percent of its workforce engaged in agriculture, compared to 25 percent of Egypt's workforce engaged in agriculture. Based on the information provided, which conclusion is correct?

A) Canada has a difficult time enticing people to take up farming.

B) Egypt produces much more food on the same amount of arable land.

C) Egypt's farmers have smaller farms than Canadian farmers.

D) Farmers grow less and make less money in Canada relative to Egypt.

E) Arable land is increasing in Egypt due to rainfall caused by climate change.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography

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18) Agricultural density is defined as the number of A) farm animals per area suitable for agriculture.

B) farmers per area of arable land.

C) farms per total area of land in a country.

D) people per area of arable land.

E) acres of farmland per the total area of a country.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 19) Two countries have approximately the same arithmetic density but their landscapes and sizes are quite different, we can therefore conclude that the two countries have roughly the same A) level of output per farmer.

B) number of people per area of land.

C) pressure placed by people on the land to produce food.

D) number of farmers per area of land.

E) number of people per area of arable land.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 20) Which would be a likely result of an increase in a country's physiological density?

A) an increase in the amount of agricultural land B) a limit to the number of farmers C) an increase in the amount of irrigated land D) an increase in population E) a limit to the number of farm animals Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 11 ..

21) Which is a likely outcome of an increase in a country's agricultural density?

A) decrease in the amount of arable land B) decrease in the number of farmers C) increase in the areas of its urban centers D) increase in the size of its population E) decrease in the number of farm animals Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 22) Which phrase best describes density in a country with a high percentage of arable land and a small number of farmers?

A) high physiological density B) low physiological density C) high agricultural density D) low agricultural density E) low arithmetic density Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography

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23) If the physiological density in a given country is very high and its arithmetic density is very low, then a country has A) inefficient farming methods or unemployed farmers.

B) a large number of farmers, and a high urban population.

C) a small percentage of land suitable for agriculture, even if there seems to be plenty of space available for people to live in.

D) possibly exceeded its carrying capacity.

E) too few farmers for the large area of land suitable for agriculture.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 24) The term by which a population grows from year to year is called the A) doubling time.

B) crude birth rate.

C) natural increase rate.

D) total fertility rate.

E) life expectancy.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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25) When the world's population reached 6 billion in 1995, it was forecast that at a steady rate of growth the population would reach 12 billion in approximately 45 years. Demographers term the period of 45 years as A) doubling time.

B) life expectancy.

C) double increase rate.

D) overpopulation.

E) demographic transition.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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26)

By examining the Figure 2-4, World Population Growth 8000 B.C.E-2017 C.E., when did the rapid population increase begin?

A) beginning in the seventeenth century B) beginning in the eighteenth century C) beginning in the nineteenth century D) between 6000 and 3000 BCE, when the population doubled quickly E) around year 0 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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27)

Use Figure 2-5: World Population Growth 1750-2017 and your knowledge of chapter 2 to answer the question. Which outcome is supported by data in the chart?

A) the NIR will never again go above 2 B) world population will increase more rapidly in the future C) the doubling time between 1920 and 2020 will be repeated in 2120 D) the larger base of people alive will result in continued population growth E) the number of people having babies will continue to drop Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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28) Which measure do demographers use to identify the rate at which the world's population is growing?

A) natural increase rate (NIR) B) death rate C) crude birth rate (CBR) D) female life expectancy rate E) maternal mortality rate (MMR) Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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29)

Use Figure 2-6: Life Expectancy at Birth 2018 and analyze the distribution patterns of life expectancy. to answer the question. In which region of the world is life expectancy the lowest?

A) Africa B) East Asia C) North America D) Europe E) Southeast Asia Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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30)

Use Figure 2-6: Life Expectancy at Birth, 2018 and your knowledge of place names to answer the question. Which East Asian country has the highest life expectancy?

A) China B) Mongolia C) South Korea D) North Korea E) Japan Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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31)

Examine the map in Figure 2-7: Natural Increase Rate, 2018. Which of the following statements about regional variations in the natural increase rate is TRUE? A) More than 95 percent of the natural increase is clustered in more developed countries.

B) Regional differences in NIRs indicate that most of the world's additional people live in countries that have high percentages of arable land and are producing plenty of food to support them.

C) The population of Europe is increasing because of high NIRs. D) The NIR exceeds 2.0 percent in most countries of sub-Saharan Africa.

E) Europe (including Russia) has had an increasing population since 1980.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.1: Natural Increase Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.1: Summarize historical and current rates of population increase Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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32) The total number of live births per year per 1,000 people in a society is known as the A) crude birth rate.

B) life data rate.

C) natural increase rate.

D) total fertility rate.

E) maternal birth rate.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 33) Which statement defines the meaning of a CBR of 20?

A) that 20 is the maximum number of children a woman could bear in her lifetime B) for every 20 women, 1 baby is born each year C) for every 100 people in a country, 20 babies are born each year D) for every 1000 people in a country, 20 babies are born each year E) the country has succeeded in population control measures Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 34) The average number of children women bear in their lifetimes is A) total birth rate.

B) crude birth rate.

C) total fertility rate.

D) natural increase rate.

E) adolescent fertility rate.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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35) Approximately 500 babies were born in Country D in 2019, but 35 of them died before reaching their first birthday. These data are used to calculate Country D's A) crude death rate.

B) infant mortality rate.

C) initial life expectancy.

D) infanticide rate.

E) maternal mortality rate.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 36) Assuming all things being equal, a decline in a country's crude birth rate (CBR) would result in an increase in that country's A) total fertility rate.

B) life expectancy.

C) crude death rate.

D) doubling time.

E) natural increase rate.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 37) Which of the following is TRUE about the Total Fertility Rate?

A) Demographers have an easy time predicting future TFR. B) It only measures births during a woman's teen fertility years.

C) It tends to be higher in developing countries.

D) It measures the number of births per woman in a given year.

E) The highest TFRs are found in Europe and North America.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 22 ..

38) Which three demographic measures most closely parallel each other in terms of global distribution?

A) life expectancy, crude birth rate, crude death rate B) crude death rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate C) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, total fertility rate D) natural increase rate, crude birth rate, crude death rate E) life expectancy, crude death rate, total fertility rate Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 39) The fact that the crude death rate is generally higher in developed countries than it is in developing countries can be explained by A) access to medical care.

B) relative ages of their populations.

C) a lower infant mortality rate.

D) higher life expectancy.

E) the elderly support ratio.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40) We can hypothesize with some confidence that a developing country has a lower crude death rate than the United States because it likely A) has a higher sex ratio.

B) has more hospitals beds per person.

C) has a larger population of elderly people.

D) has a higher infant mortality rate.

E) has a lower percentage of elderly people.

Answer: E Diff: 3 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 23 ..

41) Country A has a crude birth rate of 60 and a crude death rate of 15, while Country B has a CBR of 27 and a CDR of 9. Which country has a higher natural increase rate?

A) Country A B) Country B C) The NIR is the same in both countries.

D) The rate depends on total population, so it can't be computed from this information.

E) The CDR has no direct correlation to the CBR, so it cannot help determine the NIR. Answer: A Diff: 3 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.2.2: Compare global patterns in births and deaths Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 42) In which stage of the demographic transition are the highest natural increase rates found?

A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 43) The lowest crude birth rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) none of these stages Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 24 ..

44) The highest crude death rates are found in countries in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 45) Zero population growth is best represented by a A) TFR of 2.1 percent.

B) doubling rate of 2.1 percent.

C) CBR greater than the CDR. D) negative NIR. E) CDR greater than CBR. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 46) Rapidly declining crude death rates are found in which stage of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 25 ..

47) A crude birth rate that is rapidly declining is typical of a country in which part of the demographic transition?

A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stages 2 and 3 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 48) Europe and North America entered stage 2 of the demographic transition as a result of the A) agricultural revolution.

B) computer revolution.

C) scientific revolution.

D) industrial revolution.

E) medical revolution.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 49) Africa, Asia, and Latin America entered stage 2 of the demographic transition as a result of the A) industrial revolution.

B) medical revolution.

C) scientific revolution.

D) agricultural revolution.

E) computer revolution.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 26 ..

50) Based on recent demographic trends, the principal reason for declining natural increase rates in less developed countries is probably due to A) increasing crude birth rates.

B) declining crude birth rates.

C) increasing crude death rates.

D) declining crude death rates.

E) balanced natural increase rates.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 51) Stages 1 and 4 of the demographic transition are similar because they both have A) low growth rates.

B) high dependency ratios.

C) low dependency ratios.

D) low life expectancies.

E) low death rates.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

27 ..

52)

Compare the maps shown in Figures 2-8 and 2-9. Which conclusion is supported by the maps?

A) Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa are in Stage 2 of the demographic transition.

B) People live longer in North Africa and the Middle East.

C) The United States and Australia spend the same on healthcare.

D) The Industrial Revolution immediately caused an increase in the CDR. E) Throughout the world, countries with high crude death rates have high infant mortality rates.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Section: 2.2: Births & Deaths Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography

28 ..

53) Which of the following is true about global medical services?

A) On average, expenditures on health care exceed 50 percent of government expenditures in Europe and North America.

B) Governments in developing countries have greater health care expenditures than developed countries. Residents of Scandinavian countries require less medical treatment than other populations.

C) Sub-Saharan African and Southwest Asian countries have more hospital beds per 10,000 than countries in Europe.

D) Sub-Saharan African and Southeast Asian nations have the world's lowest rates of physicians per 10,000.

E) The costs for health-care services throughout the world will continue to decline, The United States public assistance is responsible for keeping costs low.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Medical Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.1: Describe differences in healthcare services among countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 54) One of the possible explanations offered for the phenomenon of "missing" girls from a country's population record is A) random natural processes that increase the likelihood of babies being born male.

B) diets consumed by mothers that increase the chances of having a boy.

C) female infants being given up for adoption.

D) ultrasounds mistakenly identify the sex of unborn babies.

E) undercounting of baby girls because they are being raised in remote areas.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

29 ..

55) Which actions can be taken to reduce maternal mortality?

A) building more hospitals and training more doctors B) monitoring pregnant women and treating conditions during and after childbirth C) assuring childbirth takes place in the northern American states D) providing private health insurance and applying new technology E) using drugs to lower blood pressure during and after pregnancy Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 56) The number of males per 100 females in the population is called A) dependency ratio.

B) maternal mortality rate.

C) sex ratio.

D) male fertility rate.

E) gender-based sex selection.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 57) Which statement is true regarding the standard biological sex ratio?

A) scientists have long known that it is influenced by the age and race of the parents B) throughout the world cultural preferences have little influence on the sex ratio C) some regions have a such a low number of female births that it cannot be considered random D) higher female life expectancy accounts for the difference in the sex ratio E) the United Nations is not concerned by reports of unbalanced sex ratios Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

30 ..

58) The annual number of female deaths related to pregnancy per 100,000 live births is called A) obstetrical hemorrhage.

B) hypertension.

C) malnourishment.

D) complications due to malaria.

E) malpractice.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) Which of the following contributes to the high number of maternal deaths in developing countries?

A) obstetrical hemorrhage B) hypertension C) malnourishment D) complications due to malaria E) malpractice Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 60) Which developed country has an increase in the maternal mortality rate?

A) Denmark B) Germany C) Japan D) Canada E) the United States Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

31 ..

61) Which of the following countries has a pronounced gender imbalance?

A) Denmark B) India C) Singapore D) Japan E) the United States Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Gender Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.2: Explain reasons for risks to baby girls and mothers Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 62) The number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to the number of people in the work force is called the A) social dependence rate.

B) productive capacity ratio.

C) elderly support ratio.

D) infant mortality rate.

E) dependency ratio.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Aging Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.3: Relate the demographic transition to the distribution of age groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 63) Calculating the number of people over 65 divided by the number of people in the labor force produces a measure known as the A) dependency ratio.

B) elderly support ratio.

C) K-12 support ratio.

D) national retirement ratio.

E) demographic transition.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Health & Aging Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.3: Relate the demographic transition to the distribution of age groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 32 ..

64) The shape of a country's population pyramid can be used to infer A) maternal mortality rates.

B) infant mortality rates.

C) the country's dependency rate.

D) the country's sex ratio.

E) its crude birth rate and its crude growth rate.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Health & Aging Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.3: Relate the demographic transition to the distribution of age groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 65) The shape of a population pyramid for a city in southern Florida, Arizona, or even northern Japan with a high percentage of older residents could best be described as A) the dependency ratio is about 50 percent.

B) males have a higher life expectancy than females.

C) the population under age 14 is growing rapidly.

D) the death rate is higher than the birth rate.

E) the dependency ratio is about 33 percent.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Health & Aging Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.3: Relate the demographic transition to the distribution of age groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography

33 ..

66)

Use the information in Figure 2-10 to answer the question. Which conclusion is best supported by the data in the graphic?

A) the dependency ratio is about 50 percent B) males have a higher life expectancy than females C) the population under age 14 is growing rapidly D) the death rate is higher than the birth rate E) the dependency ratio is about 33 percent Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Health & Aging Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.3: Relate the demographic transition to the distribution of age groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography 67) Which is the most likely result of a low infant mortality rate?

A) better pre- and post-natal care B) a lower CBR C) an elderly population D) a government policy restricting family size E) an increase in death rates Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Health & Aging Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.3: Relate the demographic transition to the distribution of age groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography

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68) Which branch of medical science is concerned with incidence, distribution and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population over time?

A) entomology B) etymology C) dermatology D) endocrinology E) epidemiology Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Epidemiologic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.3.4: Explain four stages in the epidemiological transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 69) Which stage of the epidemiological transition describes a reduced mortality associated with infectious diseases and an increase in chronic disorders associated with aging?

A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) Stage 4 E) Stage 5 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Epidemiologic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 70) Dr. John Snow found that cholera cases in London were A) spatially associated with certain public wells.

B) being punished for their sins.

C) being transmitted almost exclusively by French and Irish immigrants.

D) transmitted through the air in contagious diffusion.

E) spread through the main sea trading routes by infected rats.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Epidemiologic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 35 ..

71) The stages of the epidemiologic transition are based on A) causes of death at varying stages of the demographic transition.

B) the means through which disease is transmitted spatially.

C) non-contagious diseases such as heart disease, obesity, or diabetes.

D) new food sources which produced population explosions.

E) pandemics like the bubonic plague, influenza, or AIDS. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.3: Epidemiologic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 72) Which of the following epidemics has been the most lethal?

A) avian flu B) HIV/AIDS C) malaria D) cholera E) Zika virus Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Epidemiologic Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 73) Which is a major cause of lifestyle diseases affecting some countries in Stage 4 of the epidemiological transition?

A) there are no more hosts of the disease B) the implementation of improved sanitation and nutrition programs C) more medical practitioners per 10,000 D) the nation is in stage 4 of the demographic transition model E) that increased global urbanization has reduced the deleterious effects of diseases Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 2.3: Epidemiologic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.4: Explain four stages in the epidemiological transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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74) Which factor is viewed as responsible for Stage 2 of the epidemiological transition?

A) there are no more hosts of the disease B) the implementation of improved sanitation and nutrition programs C) more medical practitioners per 10,000 D) the nation is in stage 4 of the demographic transition model E) that increased global urbanization has reduced the deleterious effects of diseases Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Epidemiologic Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.3.4: Explain four stages in the epidemiological transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 75) Russia's increasing CDR may be most closely associated with A) inadequate pollution controls and inaccurate reporting by the government.

B) civil war and conflict since the breakup of the Soviet Union.

C) the spread of HIV/AIDS. D) global climate change that has impacted agricultural productivity.

E) a lack of arable land.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 76) The two most populous countries in the world are A) China and India.

B) India and Bangladesh.

C) Russia and the United States.

D) Indonesia and China.

E) the United States and China.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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77) Japan's population decline is directly attributed to A) the legacy of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States.

B) the 201l earthquake, tsunami and subsequent nuclear explosion.

C) a demographic shift to smaller families and more women in the workforce.

D) a legacy of inadequate pollution controls.

E) impoverished urban populations suffering from lack of sanitation and health care facilities.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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78)

Use the information in Figure 2-11 to answer the question. A population pyramid like Japan's predicted 2050 pyramid represents A) the results of medical technology transfer seen in developing nations.

B) government policies to attract elderly immigrants.

C) an aging population and contraction in the work force.

D) a younger population decimated by the AIDS pandemic.

E) the economic recovery and population boom after the 2011 earthquake.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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79) Although China has the largest population in the world, which factor best explains the country's declining NIR? A) AIDS pandemic B) 2 decades of famine due to drought C) a 30-year population control policy D) high numbers of emigrants leaving China E) government provided contraceptives Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 80) Which country once included controversial sterilization camps as part of its national familyplanning program?

A) Bangladesh B) the United States C) Zimbabwe D) Singapore E) India Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 81) Which data, if available, would best inform UN estimates of future population growth?

A) current and past global demographic trends B) the global balance between CBR and CDR C) the number of babies women will have in their lifetimes D) the stage of the demographic transition of each country E) the carrying capacity of each country Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40 ..

82) Which long-term benefit is emphasized in leading approaches to reducing birth rates?

A) encouraging people to become more active consumers B) implementing school programs that ignore contraceptive techniques and teach "abstinence only" C) improving men's educational attainment in conjunction with loans to businesses owned by men in small communities D) improving local economic conditions in conjunction with improving women's educational attainment E) disseminating information about sexually transmitted diseases Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Family Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.2: Describe two reasons for declining birth rates Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 83) Efforts to lower CBR through education and health care have shown statistically to result in all but which of the following?

A) With the survival of more infants secure, women would be more likely to use contraceptives to limit pregnancies.

B) With improved education, women would be more aware of reproductive rights and make more informed reproductive decisions.

C) With greater education comes a higher skill set, thus women would have an improved opportunity to earn an income to support large families.

D) Improvement in health care would result in reduced infant mortality rates due to poor prenatal care.

E) Men would more likely take on the burden of contraception.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Family Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.2: Describe two reasons for declining birth rates Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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84) Which best describes a possible stage 5 of the epidemiological transition?

A) pestilence and famine B) receding pandemics, including possible zombie pandemics C) degenerative and human-created diseases D) delayed degenerative diseases E) reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Epidemiologic Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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85)

Use Figures 2-12 and 2-13 to answer the question. Which conclusion is best supported by the data provided in the maps?

A) People living in higher latitudes are more likely to die of infectious disease.

B) People die of similar causes in Stage 5 of both the demographic and epidemiologic transition.

C) Poverty in places like sub-Saharan Africa contribute to high death rates of curable diseases.

D) Stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition is caused by tropical climates.

E) Malaria is caused by the same parasite as TB. 43 ..

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Epidemiologic Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 86) Which statement accurately describes Malthus' theory?

A) Actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted.

B) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred.

C) Actual population growth has been much higher than Malthus predicted.

D) Malthus's theory predicted much higher population growth than has actually occurred.

E) Population increased arithmetically while food production increased exponentially.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Population & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.4: Explain arguments for and against Malthus' theory Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 87) The principal difference between Malthus's theory and actual world food production and population growth during the past half century is that A) actual food production has been much higher than Malthus predicted.

B) Malthus's theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred.

C) actual population growth has been much higher than Malthus predicted.

D) Malthus's theory predicted much higher population growth than has actually occurred.

E) population increased arithmetically while food production increased exponentially.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 2.4: Population & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.4: Explain arguments for and against Malthus' theory Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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88) In the speculation concerning future population and global resources, which is the most accurate description of how both sides may be correct?

A) social injustice and uneven distribution of resources is more important than population size B) the production index is increasing in most countries so more people can always work to produce more food C) in some world regions food supply and population will be sustainable for some time, while in other regions population has already outstripped food production capacity D) by the year 2100 improved technology will be used to both lower birth rates and increase food production E) Malthus was wrong in the 18th century and 21st century but NeoMalthusians were correct in the 20th Century Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Population & Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Understanding Learning Outcome: 2.4.4: Explain arguments for and against Malthus' theory Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 89) Country

Total Population

Egypt

87,000.000

Population Density 90 per k2

Bangladesh

161,000,000

1,078 per k2

Physiological Density 2,696 per k2 1,964 per k2

Define the measures of population density shown in Figure 2-14: Density Measures. Explain why the measures of population density for Egypt and Bangladesh differ.

Answer: Overall territory size and amount of arable land is key in explaining the significant difference in density values in Egypt and less significant difference in Bangladesh. Even though Bangladesh is densely populated when ranked according to arable land, it has significantly more than Egypt.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.1: Population Density Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.1.3: Compare different approaches to measuring density Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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90)

A country illustrated in Figure 2-15 has a crude birth rate of 40 and a crude death rate of 15.

Identify which stage of the demographic transition this country is in. Identify two factors that play a role in a country entering this stage.

Answer: Country is in Stage 2. To move from Stage 1 to Stage 2, a country experiences a declining death rate brought about through medical innovations, improved nutrition, or the industrialization of the economy which increases wealth and the standard of living. CBR remain high along with the Natural Increase Rate.

Diff: 2 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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91) Define Zero Population Growth. Explain its causes and effects on a country. In which stage of the demographic transition does ZPG usually occur?

Answer: A country is said to have achieved ZPG when its CBR has declined to be roughly equal to the CDR, which brings the NIR near to zero. This usually is associated with countries in Stage 4 of the demographic transition where even though CBR and CDR may fluctuate based on technology and other factors, the population size remains roughly the same over time.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.2: The Demographic Transition Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.2.3: Explain the stages of the demographic transition model Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 92) According to the World Bank, the dependency ratios of the United States and Uzbekistan were both around 50 in 2018. How would you expect government policies for dependent populations to differ for these two countries?

Answer: The United States is a demographically aging population while Uzbekistan has a much younger population. Policies directed toward aging populations such as health care for the elderly and programs for the retired would be more likely than in Uzbekistan which would consider schools and economic growth programs to employ the young population when they reach working age.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.3: Health & Aging Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.3.3: Relate the demographic transition to the distribution of age groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 93) China recently relaxed its OneChild Policy to encourage population growth. Why do you think this was done?

Answer: China is concerned with its aging population. Without young people to work in the economy, they will experience a shortage of workers. China's economy may not continue to grow at the same pace it has over the past 10-15 years. The imbalanced sex ratio that resulted from the 1-Child Policy has created a shortage of women of child-bearing age, which will further impact population growth for several generations.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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94) Why is TB more prevalent in lesser developed nations?

Answer: TB is more prevalent in lesser developed nations because incomes are lower and people with the disease may not be able to afford the costs of treatment. Because of the high costs, many people stop treatment before they are cured and continue to spread the disease to others.

Diff: 2 Section: 2.4: Epidemiologic Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 95) Why is the AIDS pandemic globally far reaching? What distinct characteristics of the HIV/AIDS pandemic enabled its global spread?

Answer: It is indiscriminate, meaning that it can infect the rich or poor, the rural or the urban, men or women, adults and children. Those with funds or who live in countries with adequate medical services can afford the medication which contributes to a decline in AIDS related deaths only in certain geographical areas where medication and facilities to support people living with HIV are limited, AIDS- related deaths are higher.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.4: Epidemiologic Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 96) List and explain at least three reasons why poverty is an exacerbating influence on the spread of infectious diseases.

Answer: Often in impoverished areas unsanitary conditions exist. The poor cannot afford medications nor can they afford remediation efforts to improve the sanitation and access to clean water. Lack of funds make fighting disease particularly difficult, while lack of education may also contribute to unintended disease transmission.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.4: Epidemiologic Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.4.3: List reasons for possible stage 5 of the epidemiologic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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97) Worldwide, the CBR has declined between 1990 and 2015; (a) List and explain two population policies that have contributed to this result. (b) Even though CBR has declined at the global scale, what factors could contribute to high birth rates in some areas?

Answer: Answers many vary but (a) should speak to Education and Health Care strategies and availability and affordability of contraception; and (b) should speak to cultural influences and economic influences such as long-term elderly care, contribute to household work, desire for a son, the one child policy, religious influences, planning in the event of the death of a child, and lack of contraception or religious taboos associated with its use.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.4: Family Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.4.2: Describe two reasons for declining birth rates Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 98) The world's two most populous countries, China and India, have adopted controversial policies to limit population growth. Discuss each approach and assess whether they were successful in both economic and social terms.

Answer: In response to rapid population growth, China instituted a One Child Policy that was in place for 30 years. The policy was a success in that population growth declined, but it has had social repercussions because of a preference for boys, too many boys born vs girls. Now there are not enough women for all of the adult men to marry. This will also cause long-term declines in population growth. Economically, leaders fear a population shortage in the future which will impact economic capacity.

In India, the government chose to encourage sterilization of women to reduce population growth.

There was a lot of misinformation, mistrust, and likely abuses of women who were sterilized against their will. Overall, the strategy resulted in reduced use of all family planning methods and the population continued to grow because many women received the surgery only after already bearing several children. India is expected to have the largest population in the world by 2022.

Diff: 3 Section: 2.4: Population Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 2.4.1: Assess a possible stage 5 of the demographical transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 3 Migration 1) The ability to move either temporarily or permanently is best described by the term A) migration.

B) mobility.

C) circulation.

D) voluntary migration.

E) nomadism.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) The term that best describes a permanent move to a new location is A) migration.

B) mobility.

C) net migration.

D) net in-migration.

E) net out-migration.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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3) Which of the following provides the best reason why geographers examine migration patterns?

A) to develop policies to better control migration flows B) to estimate when a society will enter stage 5 of the demographic transition C) to explain changes in population, cultural values, and economic practices in various places D) to explain the influence of tectonic activity on population growth and distribution E) to understand why human migration has only occurred since the beginning of the twenty-first century Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 4) During the same time every year, agricultural workers travel within Brazil to engage in the labor-intensive harvest of sugar cane. This migration pattern is best described as A) seasonal mobility.

B) agricultural transience.

C) emigration.

D) agricultural mobility.

E) immigration.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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5) Which one of the following is the best example of circulation?

A) visiting a university in a distant state in order to determine whether it best suits your needs as a prospective college student B) taking your car to the mechanic because its transmission stopped functioning after six years of use C) going to the grocery store once every two or three weeks to stock up on food and supplies D) going to a grocery store to buy supplies for your friend's twenty-first birthday party E) working at a ski resort every year over winter break Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 6) Wilbur Zelinsky's migration transition model predicted A) women are more likely to migrate than men.

B) international migration is more common than internal migration.

C) migration characteristics vary with the demographic transition.

D) intraregional migration occurs more frequently than interregional migration.

E) migrants move most frequently for economic reasons.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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7) Which of the following are the most common factors influencing the decision to migrate?

A) business opportunities and health care B) cultural freedom, environmental protection, and lower food costs C) reuniting with family and friends D) cultural freedom, environmental comfort, and economic opportunity E) affordable housing, healthier food, and citizenship Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 8) The migration transition model predicts that international migration reaches a peak during which stage of the demographic transition?

A) stage 1 B) stage 2 C) stage 3 D) stage 4 E) stage 5 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: International Net Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.1: Describe the relationship between the migration transition and the demographic transition Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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9) Which factor most often causes voluntary migration?

A) economic B) environmental C) international D) political E) a regional conflict Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: International & Internal Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.2: Recognize the principal streams of international and internal migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 10) Which of the following current migration flows is the LEAST significant in terms of total numbers of people?

A) from Asia to Europe B) from Africa to Europe C) from Asia to North America D) between and among Asian countries E) from Latin America to North America Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: International & Internal Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.2: Recognize the principal streams of international and internal migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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11) Which of the following people would you predict to be LEAST likely to engage in voluntary migration in the near future?

A) a teenaged girl whose family's home has just been destroyed by a volcanic eruption, which has also rendered the entire valley uninhabitable B) a youth whose village has been targeted by anti-rebel groups in a civil war C) the dictator of a nation-state whose corruption was instrumental in winning another election D) a youth whose parents have just been murdered because they helped form a labor union in a traditionally exploited province of a developing country E) a teenaged girl in China whose rural family would like to send her younger sibling to college in the future Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: International & Internal Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.1.2: Recognize the principal streams of international and internal migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 12) A Syrian family migrated through Turkey to Greece without immigration documents.

Although Greece does not grant the family refugee status and they face the risk of deportation, their case is an example of A) both international and forced migration.

B) human rights abuse and pull factor migration.

C) voluntary and internal migration.

D) economic and intraregional migration.

E) forced and voluntary migration.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: International & Internal Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.2: Recognize the principal streams of international and internal migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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13) A country experiences net in-migration if the number of immigrants A) equals the number of emigrants.

B) exceeds the number of emigrants.

C) reflects phase 4 of the population transition.

D) is lower than the net migration number.

E) reflects stage 3 of the epidemiological transition.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: International & Internal Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.3: Explain the difference between emigration and immigration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14) Several million Irish and Germans migrated in the 1840s primarily because of A) the Black Plague.

B) disastrous economic conditions in the home country.

C) poor environmental conditions including massive flooding.

D) religious freedom.

E) Russian imperial advances that threatened their livelihoods.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 15) Which country has the greatest total number of foreign-born resident?

A) China B) Australia C) Germany D) the United Kingdom E) the United States Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Immigration & Emigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.3: Explain the difference between emigration and immigration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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16) Most migrants to the United States during the peak of the late nineteenth century came from which parts of Europe?

A) Southern and Eastern Europe B) Scandinavia C) United Kingdom D) Italy and Greece E) Russia and the Soviet Union Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 17) Most migrants to the United States during the early twentieth century came from which part of Europe?

A) central B) north and west C) south and east D) south and west E) north and east Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 18) The largest number of immigrants to the United States come from what country?

A) Cuba B) Mexico C) the Philippines D) South Korea E) Dominican Republic Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration & Emigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.3: Explain the difference between emigration and immigration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8 ..

19) Which of the following correctly pairs a time period with a phase of United States' immigration?

A) voluntary migration from Sub-Saharan Africa in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries B) voluntary migration from Latin America due to religious persecution in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries C) Ellis Island became a major immigration processing center in the colonial era D) Early twentieth century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe coincided with the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution through continental Europe E) the leading sources of twenty-first century Asian immigration are the result of climate change in places such as Bangladesh, Oceania, or the Maldives Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20) If your ancestors migrated to the United States during the 1840s and 1850s, they most likely emigrated from A) Norway or England.

B) Ireland or Germany.

C) Italy or Poland.

D) Spain or Portugal.

E) Russia or Bulgaria.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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21) Which statement most accurately describes the motivations of the historic European and current Latin American immigrants to the United States?

A) Both were and are motivated primarily by economic factors.

B) Migrants from Europe were fleeing religious persecution while migrants from Latin America are motivated by economic factors.

C) Both were and are motivated by a desire to join family members already in the United States.

D) Migrants from Europe mostly spoke English while migrants from Latin American mostly speak Spanish.

E) Both were and are motivated by famine in their home countries.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 22) The largest numbers of Europeans migrated to the United States primarily because of A) the Industrial Revolution which displaced rural workers and precipitated population growth.

B) decreased political stability as European countries were wracked by revolutions.

C) political and religious freedom.

D) the promise of free land.

E) government policies that favored European immigrants.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 23) Norwegians were most likely to migrate to the United States A) prior to 1840.

B) during the 1840s and 1850s.

C) during the 1880s and 1890s.

D) during the U.S. Civil War. E) between 1900 and 1915.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 10 ..

24) Which of the following is FALSE? A) The 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act issued visas to those who entered the United States without legal documents.

B) Rapid population growth in origin countries is a key push factor as it correlates with limited economic advancement.

C) The admission of New Mexico and Arizona into the United States represented a metaphorical closure of the border and was followed by a decline in Europe's emigration.

D) The interwar years represented a significant decline in immigration.

E) Both Latin American migrants and European migrants left when their countries entered Stage 2 of the demographic transition model.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 25) According to the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act, undocumented immigrants were A) issued visas to permit them to remain in the United States.

B) automatically transformed into U.S. citizens in a blanket "amnesty."

C) encouraged to remain in Mexico because of shortages of workers.

D) no longer eligible for public services in the United States.

E) established as guest workers following the German model.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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26) The U.S. center of population has moved steadily to the A) east.

B) north.

C) south.

D) west.

E) center.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration: United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.1: Describe migration patterns among U.S. regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 27) The U.S. population center of gravity has shifted A) north to south.

B) south to north.

C) east to west.

D) west to east.

E) It is static.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration: United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.1: Describe migration patterns among U.S. regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 28) A principal factor in the population shift westward in the 1850s-1880s was A) a gold rush.

B) a war with Mexico.

C) new uses for the American desert.

D) agricultural expansion in the Great Plains.

E) the Erie Canal.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration: United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.1: Describe migration patterns among U.S. regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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29) The opening of the U.S. interior in the early 1800s was facilitated by A) the completion of the transcontinental railway.

B) the pull factor of gold.

C) the pull factor of hydroelectric projects and controlled irrigation programs.

D) the Erie Canal.

E) the invention of barbed wire.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration: United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.1: Describe migration patterns among U.S. regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 30) Between 1900-1940 A) the Great Plains became a destination for immigrants.

B) coastal Atlantic cities, especially southern cities, began to grow rapidly.

C) oil towns of Houston and Los Angeles grew exponentially.

D) immigrants bypassed the plains going directly to the West Coast.

E) high numbers of Asian immigrants arrived on the West Coast.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration: United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.1: Describe migration patterns among U.S. regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31) From the discussions of demographic changes within the United States we can deduce that the largest level of interregional migration in the United States was caused by the A) arrival of Europeans and their wars with Native Americans beginning in the 1600s.

B) unauthorized immigration from Latin America, especially in the 1900s.

C) immigration of Asians beginning in the early twentieth century, despite the Chinese Exclusion Acts.

D) opening up of the western territories to settlement.

E) industrial development in the northeast, particularly at the outset of the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration: United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.1: Describe migration patterns among U.S. regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 13 ..

32) The Brazilian government encouraged interregional migration by A) making Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo more attractive.

B) dictating optimal locations for factories.

C) clearing the rain forest for agricultural activities in the interior.

D) moving the capital to Brasilia.

E) increasing industrial development on the Atlantic coast.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.2: Compare interregional migration in several large countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 33) Which of the following accurately describes an interregional migration pattern?

A) Canadian interregional movement shifted east to west based on its oil industry.

B) Soviet Unions' interregional migration was based on government policies to develop economic centers near European markets to the west.

C) Brazilian interior development was spurred by the planned city development of Rio de Janeiro.

D) China's urban to rural movement, up until recently, had been restricted through government policies.

E) Russia's current interregional migration patterns reflect increased government mandated relocation and economic policies.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.2: Compare interregional migration in several large countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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34) Which of the following is FALSE? A) Migration to a suburban area because of schools and housing prices is known as counterurbanization.

B) The three major kinds of push factors are political, economic, and environmental.

C) The most common environmental threat to people comes from too much or too little water.

D) Most migration occurs because of a combination of push and pull factors.

E) Countries with slow population growth but strong economies commonly experience outmigration.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration in Other Large Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.2: Compare interregional migration in several large countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 35) In contrast to the trend in many countries, the largest percentage of Americans move from A) suburbs to cities.

B) suburbs to nonmetropolitan areas.

C) cities to suburbs.

D) nonmetropolitan areas to cities.

E) cities to nonmetropolitan areas.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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36) Which factor best accounts for intraregional migration?

A) lifestyle B) political C) housing D) economic E) environmental Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 37) Which is a current intraregional migration trend in the United States?

A) rural to urban B) urban to suburban C) metropolitan to nonmetropolitan D) net emigration from the northeast E) seasonal migration in winter months Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 38) The most prominent type of intraregional migration in the world is A) north to south.

B) region to region.

C) urban to rural.

D) city to city.

E) rural to urban.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 16 ..

39) Suburbanization within more developed countries is due to A) expanding urban territory.

B) increasing employment opportunities.

C) desire to change lifestyle.

D) regional development.

E) global investment.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40) Rural to urban migration beginning in the 1800s in the United States was an outgrowth of A) immigration law.

B) the establishment of the university system.

C) a demographic shift in family size.

D) the Industrial Revolution.

E) food imports.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 41) Counterurbanization is A) moving from an urban core to suburban areas.

B) due to expanding suburbs.

C) migration to rural areas and small towns from central cities or suburbs.

D) the trend of the elderly retiring to communities in southern states such as Arizona or Florida.

E) the decline of the inner-city infrastructure.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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42) Which of the following statements about intraregional migration is NOT true?

A) it is much more common than interregional or international migration B) it helps to describe the global trend of urbanization C) types vary between developed and developing countries D) it can describe rural to urban, urban to rural, and urban to suburban movement E) counterurbanization is the latest trend in rural to urban migration Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 43) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the move from rural to urban areas?

A) The percentage living in urban areas throughout the world has decreased.

B) The percent of the population shift from rural to urban is greatest in Latin America.

C) It is a trend most commonly observed in developed countries.

D) Few people in sub-Saharan Africa want to move to metropolitan areas.

E) Urbanization trends in the developing world began in the 1990s.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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44) Which of the following is FALSE? A) Refugees have engaged in forced migration.

B) Forced migration can be caused by "cultural" factors such as ethnic cleansing, warfare, or persecution.

C) Migration from rural to urban areas is called counterurbanization.

D) Historically, the center of population in the United States has moved a long distance to the west but not a long distance to the south.

E) In recent decades, the most important type of internal migration within the United States is from urban to suburban areas.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 45) Suburbanization A) has reduced urban area but increased rural area.

B) has expanded urban territory but reduced population density.

C) has increased population density in city centers.

D) has resulted in the wholesale abandonment of urban environments.

E) has only occurred in North America.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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46)

Use Figure 3-1, Population Change by County 2016-2017 to answer the question. Which conclusion about U.S. Migration is supported by the map data?

A) Both Florida and Texas had net out-migration as a result of hurricanes.

B) People migrating from Appalachia are likely moving to New England.

C) Net in-migration in the Dakotas is associated with clean water supplies.

D) Rural counties in Colorado have higher in-migration than rural counties in Northern Arizona.

E) Seattle and Portland represent high urban decline and a comparable rise in rural populations.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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47) Which of the following events would be considered a migration pull factor?

A) revolutionary takeover of a government B) failed harvest C) flooding of a river D) opening of a new factory E) civil war Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 48) Refugees migrate most often because of which type of push factor?

A) economic B) environmental C) cultural D) circulation E) political Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 49) The "Trail of Tears" for America's indigenous population was a process of A) legally mandated forced migration.

B) voluntary relocation fraught with high death tolls.

C) forced relocation of male family members.

D) voluntary relocation of male family members.

E) legally mandated forced relocation of children to new schools in the west.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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50) An environmental or political feature that hinders migration is/are A) an intraregional migration policy.

B) an interregional migration policy.

C) an intervening obstacle.

D) a permeable international border.

E) counter mobility.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Environmental Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 51) The UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees) identified 3 groups forced to migrate for political reasons. Who are they?

A) refugees, IDPs, asylum seekers B) refugees, political prisoners, those displaced by earthquakes and tsunamis C) asylum seekers, guest workers, IDPs D) IDPs, refugees, indigenous persons E) refugees, political exiles, indigenous persons Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 52) In 2017, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) documented the largest number of refugees were forced to migrate from which areas as a result of extensive armed conflict?

A) Vietnam and Indonesia B) Afghanistan and Syria C) Sudan, South Africa, and Colombia D) Mexico and Colombia E) Ethiopia, Nicaragua, and Somalia Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 6: Evaluate the credibility of scientific information from various sources 22 ..

53) A physical feature, such as a body of water, might actually aid transportation and migration because ocean travel may be easier than overland travel. However, if that physical feature hinders migration, it is an example of A) an environmental push factor.

B) a forced migration.

C) an intervening obstacle.

D) a cultural pull factor.

E) an environmental incentive.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 54) Which of the following represents voluntary migration?

A) Myanmar's persecution of its Rohingya Muslim population B) Syrian flight from civil war C) Sudanese refugee camps in Chad protecting Darfurian refugees D) relocation of a Vietnamese immigrants from Bismarck, North Dakota to Westminster, California E) human trafficking in Bangkok, Thailand Answer: D Diff: 3 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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55) Which of the following is an historical example of a cultural push factor?

A) The U.S. government's policy of relocating the North America's indigenous population to reservations in the West.

B) The British government allowed most of the population of Montserrat to migrate elsewhere in the 1990s after volcanic eruptions devastated large parts of the island.

C) Many European farmers in the late 1800s chose to migrate to North America, as well as to Latin American countries where they felt that political and economic conditions would favor them.

D) Changing climates likely encouraged the early migrations of hunter-gatherers.

E) The United States actively sought Mexican agricultural laborers during and after World War II. Answer: A Diff: 3 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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56)

Use Figure 3-2, Refugees and IDPs 2017 to answer the question. The analysis of the map of refugee movement suggests that A) most of the world's refugees end up in the United States or the United Kingdom.

B) neighboring countries tend to absorb most refugees from war-torn areas.

C) there are seldom more than 100,000 refugees at any one time.

D) neighboring countries almost never accept refugees from war-torn areas.

E) the United States generally accepts fewer refugees than any other country.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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57) The most common environmental push factor in the United States in recent years is A) flooding caused by rain, rising seas, or hurricanes.

B) forest fires.

C) earthquakes.

D) price of water.

E) mosquito borne diseases.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Environmental Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.2: Explain environmental reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 58) "Snow bird" (individuals who reside in the north during the summer and travel south in the winter) movement from north to south represents A) the United States' elderly population distribution.

B) an environmental pull factor.

C) counterurbanization.

D) a cultural pull factor.

E) internally displaced retirees.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Environmental Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.2: Explain environmental reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) The transfer of money by migrants to family or community members in their country of origin is A) a visa tax.

B) a form of global aid.

C) reimbursement for travel.

D) a remittance.

E) required to return home.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Economic Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 26 ..

60) The most important pull factor for migrants to North America today is A) economic.

B) environmental.

C) forced.

D) political.

E) geomagnetic.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Economic Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 61) The world's remittance economy is A) insignificant in total dollar amounts transferred.

B) restricted only to U.S. remittances.

C) is reduced by heavy taxation of immigrants.

D) often impossible because banks are expressly prohibited from transferring these electronic funds.

E) a more than half-trillion dollar industry.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Economic Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 62) Under U.S. immigration policies A) refugees sometimes receive special priority over economic migrants.

B) economic migrants are expedited across borders to ensure their skills contribute quickly to the economy.

C) refugees and economic migrants are treated the same.

D) economic migrants are allowed only if they don't send remittances.

E) economic migrants are allowed only if they can prove there were no jobs available in their country of origin.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Economic Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 27 ..

63)

Based on the information in Figure 3-3, Migration to and from India, 2017, which of the following is true?

A) Most immigrants to India originate in the United Kingdom.

B) We can conclude that India is in Stage 1 of the demographic transition.

C) People migrating from India are moving to oil rich countries most likely for economic reasons.

D) People migrating from India are moving only to countries in stage 4 of the demographic transition.

E) Bangladesh is facing a severe shortage of workers.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Economic Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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64) Immigrants to the United States A) are typically under the age of 15.

B) are typically over the age to 65.

C) are males between the ages of 16 and 20.

D) are females between the ages of 16 and 20.

E) are typically between the ages of 20 and 39.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Gender & Age of Migrants Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 65) Since the 1970s, the largest group of immigrants from Mexico are A) females.

B) males.

C) children.

D) retirees.

E) two-parent families.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Gender & Age of Migrants Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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66) Which group has been crossing the southern border of the United States in increasing numbers?

A) females B) male head-of-households C) multi-generational families D) unaccompanied males between 12 and 17 years E) unaccompanied female minors between 13 and 19 years Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.3: Gender & Age of Migrants Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 67) Which part of Ravenstein's migration theory is no longer true?

A) most migrants are young adults seeking work B) most are single people C) the ages of migrants from every part of the world is about the same D) reasons for migration are a combination of push and pull factors E) long-distance migrants are mostly likely male Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Gender & Age of Migrants Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States; 3.11: Describe the demographic characteristics of international migrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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68) Which of the following is a factor that contributes to higher numbers of female migrants?

A) Higher numbers of women in the destination workforce attract women.

B) The only opportunities available are in domestic care which discourages male migrants.

C) It is perceived by the sending country to be a brain drain if men migrate, therefore only women are allowed to leave.

D) Women are willing to pay smugglers more to cross borders illegally.

E) The pattern reflects the changing role of women in developed countries.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Gender & Age of Migrants Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 69) Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Unaccompanied minors arriving from Central America to the United States are pushed because of gang-related activity.

B) Movement between developing countries includes higher numbers of elderly migrants than between developed countries.

C) Female immigrants include the group reuniting with husbands.

D) Increased Mexican female migration reflects the changing role of women in Mexico.

E) Most of the immigrants to the United States are females between the ages of 40 to 65.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Gender & Age of Migrants Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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70) Which of the following is considered a neutral term in the United States for people entering the country without legal documents?

A) step migrants B) undocumented immigrants C) illegal aliens D) unauthorized immigrants E) temporary residents Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 3.4: Government Immigration Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.1: Explain how governments control who can immigrate into a country Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 71) Mexico provides the United States with its largest numbers of A) voluntary immigrants and political refugees.

B) both legal and unauthorized immigrants.

C) laborers.

D) refugees from natural disasters.

E) European and Asian migrants, excepting those who have entered from Guatemala.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Government Immigration Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.1: Explain how governments control who can immigrate into a country Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 72) Which of the following is TRUE? A) California and Florida have the largest number of unauthorized immigrants.

B) The number of unauthorized immigrants is less than the number leaving.

C) The United States no longer legally recognized birth on American soil as legal citizenship.

D) Given the improvements in Mexico's standard of living, less than 25 percent of those entering the United States come from Mexico.

E) Unauthorized immigrants are more likely to be employed in white collar jobs.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Government Immigration Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.1: Explain how governments control who can immigrate into a country Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 32 ..

73)

Use Figure 3-4 Immigration Policies to answer the question. Based on the map, what inference can you make about a country's immigration policies?

A) The countries encouraging more immigration do so for the same reasons.

B) Policies to reduce immigration are related to population growth in that country.

C) Australia and North America need to change policies to reduce immigration.

D) Many countries seeking to reduce immigration are near to conflict zones producing refugees.

E) Nations with no policy are clearly open democracies with growing economies.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Government Immigration Policies Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.4.1: Explain how governments control who can immigrate into a country Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 74) "Brain drain" is A) the large-scale emigration of talented people.

B) the process by which people are given reference for migration.

C) people forced to migrate for political reasons.

D) a cultural feature that hinders migration.

E) a net decline in literacy.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 33 ..

75) Ellis Island of interest to geographers because it A) was the subject of a territorial dispute between New York and Connecticut.

B) was where 12 million immigrants to the United States were originally processed.

C) is still the main immigration gateway to the United States.

D) is the actual location of the Statue of Liberty.

E) was a museum prior to becoming an immigration processing center.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 76) Which of the following is TRUE? A) Because of civil war and ethnic cleansing most of the quota numbers are filled by refugees.

B) In recent years, the immigration quota has been sufficient to accommodate all people who wish to migrate to the United States.

C) If an acclaimed and talented professional artist emigrates she could be judged as part of her home country's brain drain.

D) The main reason for unauthorized immigration to the United States is to escape political persecution.

E) During the 1980s, Vietnam provided the largest number of authorized immigrants to the United States.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 77) Migration to the United States declined during the 1920s primarily because of A) economic depression in the United States.

B) forced migration after World War I. C) imposition of quota laws.

D) declining demand for industrial workers.

E) declining demand for domestic workers.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 34 ..

78) U.S. quota laws from the 1920s until the 1960s had the effect of A) virtually ending immigration.

B) indirectly causing two world wars.

C) dramatically increasing immigration from around the world.

D) ensuring the majority of migrants continued to be from Europe.

E) increasing the possibility of migration from regions previously prohibited.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 79) The U.S. Quota Act of 1921 and the National Origins Act in 1924 A) established maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate to the United States during a one-year period.

B) limited immigrants to those arriving from Great Britain.

C) discouraged families from entering the United States.

D) required renunciation of closely held cultural values, such as religion.

E) levied a tax on immigrants.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 80) U.S. quotas laws prioritize immigrant applications based on A) family reunification, skill set, and diversity.

B) family reunification, immigrants from countries where the United States has had military action, and those seeking medical attention.

C) skills in mathematics and sciences.

D) skills in medical practice, agriculture, and entrepreneurs.

E) family reunification, refugees, and skills.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 35 ..

81) Most Asian migration to the United States is through the process of A) expansion diffusion.

B) brain drain.

C) family-based migration.

D) unauthorized immigration.

E) global circulation.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 82) The migration of doctors and engineers to the United States after they have received years of government-financed schooling and training in Cuba is an example of A) brain drain.

B) forced migration.

C) family-based migration.

D) net migration.

E) cohort migration.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Quotas Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.2: Explain the role of quotas in U.S. immigration policies Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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83) Which of the following statements is true about the U.S.—Mexico border?

A) A joint U.S.—Mexican International Boundary and Water Commission is responsible for keeping official maps, and marking the location of the border, based on a series of nineteenthcentury treaties.

B) The U.S. Department of Homeland Security makes sure the border is easily identified in all places by border fences and flags.

C) The border stretches nearly 1,000 miles through remote and uninhabited areas.

D) Most border crossings taking place on foot are illegal.

E) Urban areas are more likely to restrict traffic across the border.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: US-Mexico Border Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.3: Explain the diversity of conditions along the U.S.—Mexico border Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 84) In recent years, Europe has experienced a major influx of migrants fleeing civil tumult from which country?

A) Mexico B) Syria C) Saudi Arabia D) South Africa E) China Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 3.4: Europe Immigration Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.4: Describe patterns of immigration in Europe and issues resulting from the patterns Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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85) The temporary movement of migrant workers between home and host countries and back again to seek employment is known as A) circular migration.

B) brain drain.

C) chain migration.

D) step migration.

E) unauthorized mobility.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 3.4: Europe Immigration Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.4: Describe patterns of immigration in Europe and issues resulting from the patterns Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 86) Unlike in the United States A) hostility to immigrants is politicized in Europe.

B) migrants take on low status and low skill jobs in Europe.

C) Europe's foreign-born population is less than 10 percent.

D) population growth is fueled by immigration.

E) migrants are blamed for higher welfare costs and crime rates.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 3.4: Europe Immigration Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.4: Describe patterns of immigration in Europe and issues resulting from the patterns Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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87) Which is TRUE about the large number of Syrian migrants arriving in Europe?

A) This movement is evidence of political pull factor.

B) This movement is evidence of an economic push factor.

C) This movement is evidence of a circular mobility.

D) This movement is evidence of family-based migration.

E) This movement is challenged by the European hostility to migrants.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Europe Immigration Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.4: Describe patterns of immigration in Europe and issues resulting from the patterns Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 88) A program that fills a temporary need for workers, such as to build a large dam or railroad, but stipulates that laborers should return home upon completion of the project is called a(n) A) guest worker program.

B) unauthorized worker program.

C) unauthorized hiring program.

D) forced migration program.

E) chain migration program.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Europe Immigration Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.4: Describe patterns of immigration in Europe and issues resulting from the patterns Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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89) Which of the following statements about Europeans temporary workers is FALSE? A) they were forced to go home after a few months B) the countries were in Stage 4 or 5 of the demographic transition C) there was a need in large cities for workers to fill jobs in sanitation, bus driving, and construction D) they were seen as useful additions to the society and economy E) these guest worker programs no longer exist Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Europe Immigration Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.4.4: Describe patterns of immigration in Europe and issues resulting from the patterns Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 90) Individual retirees who travel south for the winter and return north during the summer are evidence of two types of migration patterns. What are they? Give an example for this type of migration.

Answer: Environment pull/push factors, Seasonal or circular migration. Environmental push factors include cold weather, ice and snow as well as heating costs. Pull factors are warm weather, outdoor recreational opportunities and fresh food. It is seasonal or circular based on individual patterns of leaving the north once or twice a year and returning home in the spring. An example would be leaving Illinois or Massachusetts to spend the winter in Florida or Texas, returning in March or April.

Diff: 2 Section: 3.1: Migration & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.2: Recognize the principal streams of international and internal migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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91)

Use Figure 3-5 International and Internal Migration, to answer the question. Identify and describe the migration routes shown on the map. Identify possible economic, social, and political push and pull factors to account for the patterns you observed.

Answer: Response will include identifying the purple arrows as international, the red as internal interregional and the black as internal intraregional. Descriptions will identify push factors from Central America as gangs, violence, and lack of economic opportunity that in turn pull people to the safety and jobs in Mexico and the United States, resulting in net out-migration. Internal interregional includes net migration from the south drawn to jobs and opportunities in the north border towns. Internal intraregional reasons are the opportunities in the capital for a higher standard of living (older cities to newer suburbs), or seasonal migration for agricultural jobs.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.1: International & Internal Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.1.2: Recognize the principal streams of international and internal migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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92) Since WWII, which two regions are the origins for 75 percent of the U.S. immigrants? What global conditions led to this shift?

Answer: Should identify Latin America and Asia and should mention China, the Philippines, India and Vietnam as primary countries. Job / Economic pull factors for all, fleeing civil strife and changes in government play into Asia migration.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.1: Changing U.S. Immigration Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.1.4: Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 93) Describe the physical geography of U.S. settlement between 1790 and 2010 and identify pull factors or other conditions that stimulated this change in population center.

Answer: Coastal settlement, crossing Appalachians and introduction of Erie Canal, Gold rush to west, Great Plains and the southern movement.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.2: Interregional Migration: United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.2.1: Describe migration patterns among U.S. regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 94) Counterurbanization produces a distinct urban landscape. Describe the conditions that lead to counterurbanization and its characteristics. Where is counterurbanization occurring more frequently? What population groups are most likely involved in this movement?

Answer: Boundary between urban and rural more blurred due to rapid expansion of suburban areas. Some areas represent a movement from urban to rural particularly in Utah, Colorado, Idaho and Wyoming. People moving to rural areas are not necessarily doing so to earn a living in agriculture; they may be able to work from home due to recent technological advancements and may also be attracted to a more relaxed pace of life away from the city.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.2: Intraregional Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.2.3: Describe three types of intraregional migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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95) Geographer E.G. Ravenstein observed migration in the nineteenth century and proposed his principles of migration. Identify Ravenstein's principles of migration. Explain how one law has changed in light of today's political and social climate.

Answer: Most migrants relocate a short distance and remain within the same country. Long distance migrants to other countries head for major centers of economic activity. Most people migrate for economic reasons. Most long distance migrants were male. Most long distance migrants were adult individuals rather than families with children.

In today's environment one finds a higher number of female migrants and in many cases higher numbers of families, particularly associated with the Syrian refugees.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.3: Gender & Age of Migrants Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating; 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration; 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 96) The regional pattern of migration from Mexico to the United States reflects numerous push and pull factors. Describe three of each.

Answer: The answers will vary but should touch upon Economic Factors and Political Factors.

Examples include: Pull Factors are jobs, higher wages, and seasonal employment, U.S. citizenship to unborn child, family members already in the United States.

Push Factors are gang-related activity, drug cartels and associated violence, shortage of jobs.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.3: Political Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating; 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration; 3.3.4: Describe the demographic characteristics of immigrants to the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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97) Two groups in the United States were subjected to legal forced migration. Compare and contrast the experiences of Native Americans and African Americans in terms of reasons for the migration, areas affected, and short- and long-term effects.

Answer: Native Americans were forced to leave their ancestral homelands in the United States due to political and cultural reasons. As European colonialists expanded westward from the coast, they wanted the land occupied by Native Americans for agriculture and settlement. The "Trail of Tears" moved large groups of native peoples westward to Oklahoma. Most AfricanAmericans in the U.S. descended from people brought to this country through forced migration from Africa to fill the need for labor on large agricultural plantations. Africans were captured and brought here against their will and sold as property.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.3: Forced Migration of Native Americans; 3.1 Internal Migration Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.3.1: Explain cultural reasons for migrating; 3.1.4 Describe the changing places of origin of U.S. immigrants Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 98) The country of Kiribati is one of many island nations where both the land and the population are threatened by climate change. In your essay, identify the environmental push factor associated with island nations such as Kiribati and assess the meaning of the term "migration with dignity" versus alternative economic strategies.

Answer: A complete response would include naming rising sea levels as the environmental push factor and then to apply higher thinking skills to argue for abandoning the land to save lives and culture versus attempting to attract tourists and use the money to build sea walls.

Diff: 2 Section: 3.3: Environmental Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 3.3.2: Explain environmental reasons for migrating Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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99)

Use Figure 3-6, Flow of Remittances to answer the question. In your answer (a) define remittances; (b) identify where the most remittances (as % of GDP) are sent; (c) explain the importance and potential use of remittances in the receiving country; and (d) identify and explain the possible downsides of dependence on remittances for the receiving economies.

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Answer: (a) The transfer or money by workers to people in the country from which they emigrated; (b) India was the largest recipient and China second; (c) remittances provide a basic minimum income for millions of families around the world who can use the money for food, housing, school fees, or to start small businesses; and (d) reliance on remittances may discourage creating economies at home and if there is an international economic contraction there may be reduced revenue.

Diff: 3 Section: 3.3: Economic Reasons for Migrating Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 3.3.3: Identify economic reasons for international migration Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 100) American public opinion is deeply divided on the effects of authorized or unauthorized migration. Discuss opinions on both sides of an issue dealing with border security, immigrants in the workplace, or enforcement of immigration laws. In your explanation include opinions on both sides of the issue.

Answer: Students should identify one of the key issues: border security: construction of a fence or wall or increase in border patrols. Immigrants in the workplace: raids on workplaces or employers. Enforcement: federal or local responsibility for apprehending unauthorized immigrants? Student responses should provide arguments for both sides of the issue.

Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: US-Mexico Border Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.3: Explain the diversity of conditions along the U.S.—Mexico border Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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101)

Use Figure 3-7 and your knowledge of immigration policies to answer the question. Discuss the cultural and political impacts that have resulted from recent flows of immigrants in Europe.

Answer: Answers may vary but should include the spatial relations between Europe and regions plagued by civil war and violence, the cultures of the countries accepting the most immigrants; the backlash that has occurred politically in response to terrorist attacks; the shifting demographics resulting from large numbers of new immigrants.

Diff: 2 Section: 3.4: Europe Immigration Issues Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 3.4.4: Describe patterns of immigration in Europe and issues resulting from the patterns Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

47 ..

The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 4 Culture & Social Media 1) The body of customary beliefs, social forms and material traits that constitute a group's distinct traditions would best describe a specific population's A) folklore.

B) political agenda.

C) culture.

D) education system.

E) religious organization.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) Which of the following is TRUE? A) Folk culture is more likely to vary from place to place at a given time, while popular culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given place.

B) Popular culture is more likely to vary from place to place at a given time, while folk culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given place.

C) Folk culture rarely varies from place to place at a given time and popular culture variations are limited primarily to large urban centers.

D) The dominance of popular culture encourages diversity of folk culture.

E) Folk culture limits variation of popular culture.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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3) The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people, is a A) custom.

B) popular culture.

C) habit.

D) taboo.

E) character trait.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 4) A repetitive act performed by an individual is a A) custom.

B) popular culture.

C) habit.

D) taboo.

E) character trait.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) Jeans provide a good example of material culture that is adopted by many different societies.

They are also an example of A) punk culture.

B) popular culture.

C) folk culture.

D) white-collar culture.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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6) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is more likely to vary A) from place to place at a given time.

B) from time to time at a given place.

C) both from place to place and from time to time, in equal measure.

D) neither from place to place nor from time to time.

E) in both time and place only in developed countries.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 7) In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and A) homogeneous groups.

B) heterogeneous groups.

C) isolated rural groups.

D) economically disadvantaged groups.

E) specialized groups.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8) Which aspect of the local environment is the LEAST important for wine production?

A) climate B) soil types C) topography D) proximity to lakes or a river E) proximity to cities Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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9) Little wine is produced in Southwest Asia & North Africa primarily because A) grapes do not grow in these regions.

B) wines can be imported more cheaply.

C) religious taboos discourage consumption.

D) the people do not have a tradition of wine making.

E) soil contaminants produce poor quality grapes.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 10) Material culture includes which three essential items?

A) food, shelter, car B) food, education, car C) food, shelter, clothing D) clothing, education, cellphone E) shelter, car, education Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 11) The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the A) diffusion of popular culture.

B) adoption of unique folk culture.

C) impact of high income on clothing habits.

D) opposition to globalization.

E) increasing use of synthetic textiles to replace natural fibers.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture; 4.2.3: Compare reasons for distribution of clothing styles in folk and popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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12) Which of the following is TRUE? A) Culture can be defined as a repetitive act that a group performs until it becomes a characteristic of a group.

B) A collection of social customs produces a group's material culture.

C) Culture refers to a habit that is widely adopted by a group of people.

D) In contrast to popular culture, folk culture is more likely to vary from time to time at a given place.

E) Although folk cultures have the same process of origin as popular culture, they have a more limited process of diffusion.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture; 4.1.2a: Compare the processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture; 4.1.2b: Compare the processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 13) Cultural diversity is created and maintained by A) the relative isolation of a group from others.

B) increasing globalization.

C) the rapid movement of goods and services across borders.

D) expansion diffusion.

E) the connections between homogeneous groups.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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14) Which of the following characteristics is more typical of popular culture than folk culture?

A) It has an anonymous origin.

B) It diffuses slowly from its point of origin.

C) It results in a more uniform cultural landscape.

D) It is likely to be derived from physical conditions.

E) Communication is limited by the physical landscape.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture; 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 15) Which of the following is TRUE about folk culture?

A) Folk culture would not exist without small scale and local migration.

B) Folk culture does not diffuse through relocation diffusion.

C) Several elements of folk culture may have multiple, unknown origins.

D) Folk culture can only be transmitted orally across time and location.

E) Several elements of folk culture tend to replace elements of popular culture.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 16) Typically, popular culture A) originates in a number of locations at the same time.

B) reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical environment.

C) experiences frequent changes through time and space.

D) is practiced by small homogeneous groups.

E) seldom diffuses far from its hearth.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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17) Folk culture is spread primarily by A) contagious diffusion.

B) hierarchical diffusion.

C) relocation diffusion.

D) stimulus diffusion.

E) expansion diffusion.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 18) What type of music, reflective of local neighborhood conditions, originated in the late 1970s in the South Bronx?

A) R & B B) Country & Western C) New Age D) Hip Hop E) Vaudeville Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 19) In recent decades, popular customs have most frequently originated in A) more developed countries.

B) less developed countries.

C) Southwest Asia & North Africa.

D) countries with large rural populations.

E) Latin America and Africa.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 7 ..

20) The distribution of the subjects of art in the Himalayas shows how folk cultures A) always include paintings of religious subjects.

B) are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and religion.

C) avoid painting animate objects.

D) typically paint scenes of nature but not people.

E) abandon customary forms as they engage in migration.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 21) Groups living in proximity to one another yet practicing uniquely different social customs suggests A) refusal to teach other customs in schools.

B) refusal to share other customs in religious ceremonies.

C) inability to set up telephone service.

D) limited connections due to topographic, linguistic or ethnic barriers.

E) military confrontation.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture; 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 22) We can conclude from the examples of popular music, fashionable clothing, and electronic applications around us that the rapid diffusion of popular culture A) discourages people in different places to adopt different customs.

B) depends on modern communication systems.

C) occurs through relocation diffusion.

D) conserves natural resources.

E) always occurs at the expense of folk culture.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture; 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8 ..

23) The diffusion of popular culture is linked to the diffusion of electronic media A) only in developed countries.

B) because of acculturation.

C) because it speeds the access times that allows people to share popular culture ideas.

D) as globalization can only take place where there is consistent access to electricity.

E) but has spread more slowly than the diffusion of television in the twentieth century.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Diffusion of Electronic Communications Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture; 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 24) Hip hop music demonstrates an interplay between globalization and local diversity because A) it is a form of folk culture responsible for the globalization of modern music.

B) musical traditions had rarely been shared prior to the 1990s.

C) artists may be widely popular yet still make local references in their song lyrics.

D) some lyrics can't be transmitted over the radio and television.

E) hip hop music is played in many Islamic countries.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture; 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 25) Cell phone diffusion is linked to which of the following cultural changes?

A) rapid diffusion and adoption of folk culture B) access to electricity C) diffusion of popular leisure activities D) cyber espionage and social media E) decline in electronic media Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Diffusion of Electronic Communications Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.3: Trace the origin and diffusion of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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26) Which of the following is TRUE regarding smartphone ownership?

A) it has rapidly diffused from developing to developed countries B) 90 percent of Americans aged 18-29 own a smartphone C) the rate of ownership worldwide is nearly 900 of every 1000 people D) unequal access to smartphones is increasing around the world E) without reliable electricity, developing countries have no use for them Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Diffusion of Electronic Communications Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.3: Trace the origin and diffusion of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 27) Distribution of popular culture around the world is not completely uniform. Which highly populated country does not use the most common social media platform?

A) Egypt B) Nigeria C) Indonesia D) China E) India Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 4.1: Diffusion of Electronic Communications Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.1.3: Trace the origin and diffusion of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 28) Folk songs are more likely than popular songs to A) tell a story about life-cycle events, work, or natural disasters.

B) be considered examples of culture.

C) feature instruments and styles of performance associated with dance clubs.

D) be transmitted in written form.

E) be written by specialists for commercial distribution.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Music Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.1: Compare differences in geographic dimensions of folk and popular music Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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29) An example of a folk custom used to diffuse information about agriculture is A) Armed Forces Radio.

B) Association Football.

C) Himalayan hip hop.

D) Vietnamese songs.

E) TED Talks on agriculture.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Music Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.1: Compare differences in geographic dimensions of folk and popular music Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 30) Which location is NOT correctly associated with its popular music cluster?

A) Tin Pan Alley—music halls and vaudeville B) Detroit—Motown C) Nashville—country and gospel D) New Orleans—jazz E) Miami—hip hop Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Music Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.1: Compare differences in geographic dimensions of folk and popular music Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 31) A cultural tradition such as folk music can be best associated with geographic location A) because of migration.

B) through diffusion of folk culture.

C) because it often reflects conditions in the local environment.

D) because only some cultures developed music as a practice.

E) by tracing it to its hearth.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Music Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.1: Compare differences in geographic dimensions of folk and popular music Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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32) What is NOT a pull factor for musicians to cluster in a particular music center?

A) proximity to agencies that book live performances B) proximity to cultural activities outside the realm of the music industry C) proximity to employment opportunities D) proximity to creative enclaves in which musical ideas may be developed E) proximity to highly competitive environment for a small number of jobs Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Music Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.1: Compare differences in geographic dimensions of folk and popular music Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 33) The spatial distribution of soccer during the twentieth century is an example of A) folk culture.

B) habit.

C) popular culture.

D) taboo.

E) relocation diffusion.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Sports Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 34) The widespread distribution of soccer globally may be attributed in large part to A) individual and isolated parallel developments of the sport.

B) the introduction of the Internet.

C) the colonial reach of the British Empire.

D) nomadic relocation.

E) the introduction of Facebook.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Sports Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 12 ..

35) Baseball's expansion from the Western hemisphere to Asia is the result of A) relocation diffusion.

B) brain drain.

C) hierarchical diffusion.

D) contagious diffusion.

E) syncretism.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Sports Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 36) The process that best explains the criterion that Summer Olympic sports be practiced in at least 75 countries is A) colonial expansion.

B) international students picking up new sports and returning home.

C) traced to relocation diffusion and the World Cup. D) the world wide consistency on the sport rules every country.

E) hierarchical diffusion of popular culture.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Sports Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 37) Distinctive forms of football (from association football or soccer) developed in the United States, Canada and Australia as a result of A) the inability to speak a language other than English.

B) lack of television coverage.

C) political influence.

D) the desire to include a hands-on passing element to the game.

E) the lack of interaction among sporting nations during the nineteenth century.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Sports Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 13 ..

38) Which of the following does NOT correctly link a sport with its cultural hearth?

A) The United Kingdom and cricket B) The Caribbean and baseball C) North America and baseball D) North America and lacrosse E) China and wushu Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Sports Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 39) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Popular culture is more likely to be found in less developed countries.

B) The physical environment rarely plays an important role in the development of unique folk customs.

C) The adoption of a folk custom often depends on a person's amount of disposable income.

D) The origin of popular music is a good example of how folk culture originates.

E) A major factor in the diffusion of British football was the relocation of British citizens to other countries.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Sports Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40) Clothing worn in folk cultures is usually selected based on A) the choice of clothing in neighboring communities.

B) the mandates of the local government.

C) the edicts of the local religious organization.

D) agriculture practices and climatic conditions.

E) availability of cloth and season.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Distribution of Folk & Popular Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.3: Compare reasons for distribution of clothing styles in folk and popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14 ..

41) A particular preference for a new clothing style is more likely than a folk custom to A) evolve rapidly owing to the isolation of different groups.

B) rapidly diffuse through modern communication and transportation.

C) reflect the unique characteristics of the physical landscape.

D) have an unknown source of origin.

E) resist the influences of multinational corporations and globalization.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Distribution of Folk & Popular Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.3: Compare reasons for distribution of clothing styles in folk and popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 42) The choice of clothing in popular culture is strongly influenced by A) occupation but not level of income.

B) level of income but not occupation.

C) knowledge of fashion, geographic location, and the level of folk culture.

D) occupation and income, but not geographic location.

E) interest in fashion only.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Distribution of Folk & Popular Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.3: Compare reasons for distribution of clothing styles in folk and popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 43) Terroir refers to A) a group's sense of a healthy diet.

B) a group's food taboos.

C) the relationship between the physical environment and culture.

D) an act of violence that may have been, in part, a reaction against globalization.

E) the sum of the effects of the local environment on the way a food product tastes.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Food Customs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.4: Identify reasons for folk and popular food preferences Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment; 15: How physical systems affect human systems Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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44) A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a A) folk culture.

B) habit.

C) popular culture.

D) taboo.

E) tariff.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Food Customs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.4: Identify reasons for folk and popular food preferences Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 45) A taboo against pork is a characteristic of A) Judaism and Islam.

B) Judaism and Buddhism.

C) Christianity and Buddhism.

D) Christianity and Hinduism.

E) Islam and Hinduism.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Food Customs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.4: Identify reasons for folk and popular food preferences Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 46) What one eats is revealing of one's A) economic standing.

B) social, religious, and ethnic memberships.

C) occupation.

D) social, educational level, and religious memberships.

E) socioeconomic status and age group.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Food Customs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.4: Identify reasons for folk and popular food preferences Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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47) Widespread husbandry of pigs would be an ecological disaster in Islam's hearth because A) no one would buy them because of the religious taboos.

B) they can only be raised in the wet winter months.

C) pigs would compete with humans for food and water without offering compensating benefits.

D) they would be outcompeted by oil production.

E) pigs represent a sacred animal and freely roam throughout the countryside.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Food Customs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.4: Identify reasons for folk and popular food preferences Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 48) The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as A) the weakest available example of a folk custom.

B) the folk custom least closely tied to a particular climate.

C) more subject to modification than weapons.

D) less subject to modification than clothing and weapons.

E) a limited resource that would not keep up with population growth.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Food Customs Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.4: Identify reasons for folk and popular food preferences Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 49) Coca Cola may be preferred over Pepsi in a certain geographic region because A) Coca Cola tastes better to people of various folk cultures.

B) Pepsi may be associated with an unpopular political era.

C) only Coca Cola builds sports stadiums which increases its visibility.

D) Pepsi has not allowed workers at their factories to strike for higher wages.

E) ethnic identity may be threatened by choice of soft drinks.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Food Customs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.4: Identify reasons for folk and popular food preferences Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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50) An important source area for U.S. folk house types is the A) Middle Atlantic.

B) Southern Atlantic.

C) Northeast.

D) Upper New York highlands.

E) Southwest.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Folk & Popular Housing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.5: Analyze factors that influence patterns of folk housing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 51) From which of the folk housing hearths did the Tidewater house emerge?

A) New England B) Southern Atlantic C) Middle Atlantic D) Lower Chesapeake E) Southwest Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Folk & Popular Housing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.5: Analyze factors that influence patterns of folk housing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 52) Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the American West often built houses of sod, while early settlers of the eastern forest built wooden structures like log cabins. This suggests that building materials A) are strongly influenced by availability of local resources as well as environmental conditions.

B) are commonly imported over long distances because of local folk culture preferences.

C) are chosen because of the diffusion of popular culture.

D) are a uniform feature of folk culture.

E) are elements of popular culture.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Folk & Popular Housing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.5: Analyze factors that influence patterns of folk housing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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53) Which of the following is NOT an example of the cultural influences that shape the distinctive form of folk houses?

A) Malagasy houses (Madagascar) are built with the main door facing west.

B) Fiji eastern walls are considered sacred.

C) In south-central Java house front doors face south.

D) Laotians arrange their sleeping positions to ensure head positions are not opposite feet.

E) Estonian houses have pitched roofs.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Folk & Popular Housing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.5: Analyze factors that influence patterns of folk housing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 54) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding housing styles in the United States?

A) Preferences have become more unique to a particular environment since the end of WWII. B) Pioneers moving westward built homes that reflected popular preferences in the region from where they migrated.

C) Recently, the trend has been to design and build your own home to match personal choice.

D) The Middle Atlantic "I" house is popular as far west as Wisconsin.

E) Tudor styles are popular in low-income neighborhoods in Chicago and New York City.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.2: Folk & Popular Housing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.2.5: Analyze factors that influence patterns of folk housing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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55) Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) In general, folk culture is more likely to cause greater uniformity on the landscape than popular culture.

B) Organized spectator sports represent folk cultures since they commonly originate from anonymous hearths.

C) Distinctive cultural and environmental features influence the provision of housing in folk cultures.

D) Both soccer and golf have retained their original form since their inception.

E) Adoption of Western popular culture seldom results in the elimination of traditional folk culture.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Folk & Popular Housing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.1: Outline concepts of folk and popular culture; 4.2.2: Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture; 4.2.5: Analyze factors that influence patterns of folk housing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 56) Diffusion of Internet service is following the earlier pattern of television, except that A) the United States' share of world Internet users is expanding.

B) diffusion is much faster.

C) diffusion is much slower.

D) the expansion of service is faster in Africa than Asia.

E) the initial use was in less developed countries.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Electronic Diffusion of Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.1: Compare the diffusion of TV and the Internet Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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57) Which mechanism best accounts for the rapid diffusion of popular culture throughout the world?

A) increased migration B) radio technology C) word of mouth D) print media E) television Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 4.3: Electronic Diffusion of Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.3.1: Compare the diffusion of TV and the Internet Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 58) Which statement best explains why geographers are interested in electronic media?

A) Because smart phones provide equal access to popular culture, potentially making geography and location less important.

B) Because folk culture has disappeared as a result of television in the twentieth century.

C) Popular culture is distributed and diffused rapidly through electronic media.

D) The diffusion of electronic media is difficult to map.

E) Electronic media may cause a decreased awareness of both folk and popular culture.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Electronic Diffusion of Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.1: Compare the diffusion of TV and the Internet Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) Social media can pose a threat to social cohesion and respectful political dialogue because A) only people with access to smartphones can participate.

B) no one watches television news anymore.

C) the spread of alternative facts and fake news makes it more difficult to trust information viewed online.

D) users can only trust posts and news sent from their friends.

E) press coverage of elected officials is usually fake news.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Spatial Dimensions of Cyber Attacks Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.4: Describe geographic features of cyberattacks and other misuse of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 21 ..

60) You may suspect someone is trolling when A) they post information online seeking a romantic relationship.

B) their Twitter posts sound like they are written by someone else.

C) they send you multiple friend requests.

D) they post off-topic or inflammatory comments that start arguments online.

E) they encourage you to check the source of online information before sharing it.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 4.3: Spatial Dimensions of Cyber Attacks Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.4: Describe geographic features of cyberattacks and other misuse of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 61) Which of the following reasons describes the motivation to launch a cyberattack?

A) To increase one's notoriety and celebrity status online B) To make money, influence decision-making, or alter the outcome of elections C) To spread fake news and alt facts D) To sell online apps and games to an international audience E) To test the readiness of encryption security Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.3: Spatial Dimensions of Cyber Attacks Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.4: Describe geographic features of cyberattacks and other misuse of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 62) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding cyber-attacks?

A) Malware can be purchased and used to protect your computer from online attacks.

B) Victims of cyber espionage are clustered mostly in Asia.

C) Decryption of files and ransomware are used to steal personal data.

D) The United States leads in the number of victims and also source of web application attacks.

E) Cyberespionage mostly originates in India and Russia.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Spatial Dimensions of Cyber Attacks Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.4: Describe geographic features of cyberattacks and other misuse of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 22 ..

63) The diffusion of social media has threatened A) popular culture and folk culture relatively equally.

B) the folk customs of only a few isolated communities.

C) the spread of the international banking system.

D) folk culture more than popular culture.

E) folk culture, but only in the largest cities on each continent.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Electronic Diffusion of Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.1: Compare the diffusion of TV and the Internet Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 64) Which of the following do Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter have in common?

A) Most of the photos posted features places in the United States.

B) They have spread rapidly in a pattern of contagious diffusion.

C) They are the leading social media platforms in the world's wealthiest countries.

D) The United States initially dominated with the world's highest percentage of users.

E) Celebrities with many followers on Instagram and Facebook, but have had a decline of followers on Twitter.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 4.3: Electronic Diffusion of Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.3.2: Compare the distribution of social media platforms Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 65) The organization "Freedom House" measures the A) level of Internet and digital freedom across 65 countries.

B) purchasing power of 16- to 25-year olds in the United States.

C) ability of political prisoners to gain access to social media.

D) ability of U.S. military personnel to use social media while on duty.

E) use of technology in classrooms.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.3: Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.3.3: Evaluate threats to freedom in the use of electronic media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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66)

In Figure 4-1, Venezuela's represented as "not free" suggesting A) a collapse of the socialist economic system which will be replaced by democracy and eventually free or partially free access.

B) an effort to block online content through legal means as well as to arrest any anti-government sympathizers.

C) that in a socialist society, people prefer to be protected from offensive or dangerous external content.

D) a collapse of their satellite technology due to climate change and thus reducing accessibility to Internet service.

E) a cooperative relationship with Cuba to ban both content and the technology.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.3: Evaluate threats to freedom in the use of electronic media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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67) If you were living in or visiting a country with a Freedom on the Net score of 50, you would expect to A) view some but not all familiar websites and TV stations, a possible blocking of your web access when attending a political event, and to be careful of posting anything critical of local government.

B) be unable to purchase a cellphone or television because these are banned.

C) be permitted to visit all websites and enjoy freedom from violation of your user rights.

D) be restricted from viewing your favorite sites or watching U.S. TV shows due to censorship of offensive content.

E) be harassed for your personal views and blocked from Instagram and Facebook.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.3: Evaluate threats to freedom in the use of electronic media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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68)

According to Figure 4-1, over 20 countries are represented as "not free" suggesting A) government crackdowns on users of the technology including prison.

B) lack of the necessary infrastructure to provide Internet access to educational institutions.

C) lack of distribution to women who wish to use Internet.

D) government policies to ensure all users of Internet are heavily taxed.

E) access limited to only software engineers.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 4.3: Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.3.3: Evaluate threats to freedom in the use of electronic media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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69) The three countries that are most aggressive in their punishments for using Internet to oppose the government and its policies are A) Myanmar, Indonesia, and South Sudan.

B) Russia, Venezuela, and Vietnam.

C) Iran, Syria, and China.

D) Iraq, Japan, and Syria.

E) Cuba, Russia, and China.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.3: Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.3.3: Evaluate threats to freedom in the use of electronic media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 70) The OpenNet Initiative has identified several types of American-produced media for censorship in other countries. Which of the following would NOT be included?

A) opposition to current government B) material related to human rights, freedom of expression, minority rights and religious movements C) content describing environmental pollution and degradation D) social content related to sexuality, gambling, and topics deemed socially sensitive E) security content related to border disputes, separatist movements, and militant groups Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.3: Challenges in Accessing Electronic Media Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.3.3: Evaluate threats to freedom in the use of electronic media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 71) The global diffusion of popular culture may threaten folk culture by A) being less responsive to the diversity and health of local environments.

B) threatening local environments through the diffusion of information by technology.

C) serving as a catalyst for the advancement of folk culture.

D) being more responsive to the diversity of local environments.

E) increasing the amount of land available that groups like the Amish need for farming.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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72) One of the primary effects of modern communications on social customs has been to A) preserve folk cultures, by increasing awareness of their uniqueness.

B) stimulate the diffusion of folk cultures around the world.

C) increase the similarity of social customs in different locations.

D) have little effect on the diffusion of social customs.

E) slow the rate of change.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 73) The current distribution of the Amish in North America is a result of A) historic migration from Switzerland and Germany.

B) discrimination that has resulted in cultural isolation.

C) the natural tendency for religions to cluster in groups in rural areas.

D) the rising price of farmland near traditional Amish settlements.

E) folk customs that require sons to move away from their parents.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 74) The use of a horse and buggy by the Amish in the United States is an example of one element of A) folk culture.

B) habit.

C) popular culture.

D) taboo.

E) technological innovation.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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75) Marriage dowries in India reflect A) a resurgence of folk customs in response to threats from ideas spread by popular culture.

B) a legally enforced tradition that strengthens the marriage bond.

C) a popular fad encouraged by popular culture excesses.

D) the value of women as mothers and wives.

E) belief that female children bring more value to the family.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 76) People maintain their folk culture despite exposure to popular culture primarily because of A) limited accessibility due to the high cost of popular custom.

B) a concern for protecting the physical environment.

C) a strong desire to preserve the values and traditions of their unique customs.

D) a lack of familiarity with technology and the media.

E) a fear of foreign influence.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 77) An outcome of the expansion of popular culture that is unique to women's lives is that they A) are harassed online for their views.

B) are able to grow more food to feed larger families.

C) may become empowered to further their education as seen in popular culture examples.

D) express folk traditions by wearing conservative dress.

E) benefit from large dowries.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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78) Some features of U.S. popular culture such as gas stations, fast-food franchises, and motels A) promote a uniform landscape.

B) reflect the preservation of folk culture.

C) provide diversity on the U.S. landscape.

D) promote diffusion of folk culture.

E) show high regional variation.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Cultural Convergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.2: Summarize two principal ways that popular culture can adversely affect the landscape Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 79) One significant impact of popular culture is to A) create a more varied and less uniform landscape.

B) promote the diffusion of folk culture.

C) modify the physical environment.

D) spread through relocation diffusion.

E) diffuse at the expense of globalization.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Cultural Convergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.2: Summarize two principal ways that popular culture can adversely affect the landscape Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 80) A good example of cultural homogenization would be A) deforestation to fill demand for agriculture and consumer goods.

B) the dominance on the landscape of fast-food restaurants and retail stores promoting consumerism.

C) golf courses in Scotland.

D) skiing in Switzerland.

E) the rapid diffusion of cellphones in the United States.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Cultural Convergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.2: Summarize two principal ways that popular culture can adversely affect the landscape Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society

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81) Diffusion of popular customs can adversely impact environmental quality in two ways by A) reducing demand for foreign products and promoting local crafts.

B) increased diversity and decreased demand.

C) depletion of scarce resources and pollution.

D) diversity of products and changes in leisure activities.

E) using renewable materials and recycled designs.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Cultural Convergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.2: Summarize two principal ways that popular culture can adversely affect the landscape Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 82) Which of the following statements reflects the environmental impact of uniform cultural experiences?

A) Folk culture never causes environmental impacts because it lacks a uniform spatial distribution.

B) Solid waste is the least visible of wastes generated from the spread of franchises.

C) Popular culture may cause a rapid increase in demand for certain natural resources.

D) Environments are not affected by the expansion of leisure activities.

E) Popular culture causes no environmental damage because it is often difficult to tell the difference between "natural" and "modified" landscapes.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 4.4: Cultural Convergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.4.2: Summarize two principal ways that popular culture can adversely affect the landscape Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 83) Popular culture preferences interest geographers because they illustrate A) how rural and urban areas show limited variation choice of television programs.

B) the diffusion of leisure activities across various scales including region, class, and gender.

C) that crime shows remain controversial in both rural and urban areas.

D) the extent of time use survey participation.

E) that social media is not useful in gathering data on leisure time habits.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Cultural Divergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.3: Describe how popular culture can vary by region Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 31 ..

84) What is the difference between a custom and a habit?

Answer: Custom is performed by group of people; habit by an individual.

Diff: 2 Section: 4.1: Introducing Folk & Popular Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 85) Compare and contrast the major differences in the origin and diffusion of popular culture versus folk culture.

Answer: Popular culture trends are invented and can be traced to a known source, usually in a developed country. Popular culture is diffused rapidly through modern communications such as social media and television. Folk traditions typically have an anonymous source and began at an unknown date, in response to local environmental conditions. Folk traditions diffuse slowly if at all, mostly as a result of the migration of those people who practice them.

Diff: 2 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture; 4.1.2b: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 86) How do the mountains of East and South Asia account for the diversity of cultures in these regions?

Answer: Distinctive distributions of folk culture are evident across this mountain region, owing to topographic isolation and intervening obstacles of those trying to gain entry to the mountain range interior. Communities remained in relative isolation and thus cultures emerged that were distinctive from proximate areas. Further this area represents an intersection of 3 key religions, Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism which adds to the diversity of cultures in the region.

Diff: 3 Section: 4.1: Elements of Cultural Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 4.1.2a: Compare processes of origin, diffusion, and distribution of folk culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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87) Identify a vernacular region in the United States and describe the factors that would determine the preferences for popular culture consumption and give 2 examples of likely leisure time choices.

Answer: If student chooses the South or Midwest, the response would include description of the region as largely rural, historically agricultural, predominantly Baptist and conservative. The resulting choices would be for reality TV, crime dramas that uphold the law, and for churchrelated social media.

If student chooses New England, the description would be of an urban region with higher education and incomes, resulting in preferences for sitcoms that push cultural boundaries and late night satire, with social media reflecting more liberal leisure activities.

Diff: 2 Section: 4.4: Cultural Divergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 4.4.3: Describe how popular culture can vary by region Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 88) Discuss how Tin Pan Alley was a cultural center for popular music.

Answer: Vaudeville variety shows were the key entertainment venue in the early twentieth century. As a result, a music industry was developed in the district known as Tin Pan Alley, in New York City. This area's pull factors were opportunities for musicians and a cultural draw for those looking for entry into the industry. Tin Pan Alley became associated with popular music early on although after WWII there emerged new centers of musical talent.

Diff: 3 Section: 4.2: Origin & Diffusion of Folk & Popular Music Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 4.2.1: Compare differences in geographic dimensions of folk and popular music Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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89)

Use Figure 4-2 and describe how the distribution of wine production is influenced by both the physical environment and social customs.

Answer: Most grapes used for wine are grown near the Mediterranean Sea or in areas of similar climate. Income preferences and other social customs also influence the distribution of wine consumption. For example, France and Italy's long history of wine production is reflected in higher production values, and religious taboos in SW Asia and South Asia reveal lower production in these regions. Topography, soil and climate have allowed for non-traditional wine markets in the Americas and Oceania to succeed.

Diff: 3 Section: 4.1: Culture, Social Media & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 4.1.1a: Outline concepts of folk culture; 4.1.1b: Outline concepts of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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90) Despite opportunities to adopt popular clothing styles, folk clothing traditions have persisted in Muslim, Jewish, and Amish communities. Provide one cultural or religious reason for the persistence of folk clothing for each of the three groups. Do you think these styles are likely to diffuse? Explain why or why not.

Answer: Muslim women wear the burqa to show modesty and adherence to religion. Jewish men wear simple black clothing and hats to assert their distinctive religious beliefs in spite of persecution. Members of Amish communities retain folk clothing styles from the time of the founding of their belief system, rejecting modern technology and personal vanity. These styles are not likely to diffuse as they are specific to cultural and religious traditions that do not represent the choices of community outsiders. If they do diffuse, it is only through migration or conversion to the religion.

Diff: 2 Section: 4.2: Distribution of Folk & Popular Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.2.3: Compare reasons for distribution of clothing styles in folk and popular culture; 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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91)

Use the information in Tables 4-1 and 4-2, to explain the diffusion of and decline in global percentage of the U.S. share of both Internet and social media.

Answer: In 1995, most countries did not have Internet service and therefore the expectation would be that the United States would have more of the global share. However, as the technology diffused and was adopted by more and more people across the world, the increase in global users necessarily produces a reduced percentage share of U.S. users. Because Facebook and Twitter technology was launched from the United States, it follows that early adopters of the technology would be from the United States. However, given the greater access to the software and hardware technology, the diffusion of social media was accelerated compared to Internet.

Social media adoption and trajectory is less geographically predictable compared to Internet and TV as the variable of technology infrastructure is less significant.

Diff: 3 Section: 4.3: Electronic Diffusion of Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 4.3.1: Compare the diffusion of TV and the Internet Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 4: Demonstrate the quantitative skills needed to succeed in Geography

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92) Even though electronic media creates positive opportunities to share photos and updates family and friends, it has also allowed criminals to interfere with personal data and launch attacks. List and discuss the positive and negative aspects of the diffusion of social media in the twenty-first century.

Answer: Social media has allowed people to get in touch with friends around the world, share their lives and photographs, and is also useful for accessing popular culture and news. At the same time, ransomware, malware and fake news have negatively impacted social discourse, election outcomes, and violated people's privacy online.

Diff: 3 Section: 4.3: Electronic Diffusion of Culture; 4.3: Spatial Dimensions of Cyber Attacks Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.1.3: Trace the origin and diffusion of social media; 4.3.4: Describe geographic features of cyberattacks and other misuse of social media Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 93) What pull factor explains the relocation of Amish settlements from Lancaster, Pennsylvania west to Iowa and Missouri and now south to Kentucky?

Answer: Inexpensive land to apportion farms to sons.

Diff: 2 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 94) Why do promoters of popular culture, such as fast-food restaurants, seek to create a uniform landscape?

Answer: Recognition is assumed to generate higher consumption, especially for people who are traveling in an unfamiliar place and want to eat familiar food.

Diff: 1 Section: 4.4: Cultural Convergence Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 4.4.2: Summarize two principal ways that popular culture can adversely affect the landscape Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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95) Describe to whom globalization might represent a threat in your community or elsewhere in the world and explain why. What alternatives or kinds of resistance to globalization might be shown by this group?

Answer: Student may identify a folk musical group, religious minority, locally-owned restaurant, or nature preserve and will describe the threat through lack of funds to compete with franchises or the marketing of a popular music group, or the threat of development of a golf course or sports stadium on the nature preserve. Elsewhere in the world, student may identify the Amish, folk societies in developing countries, traditional agricultural practices, etc. The group would assert their identity through clothing, word of mouth, sharing in traditions, or protecting the landscape through conservation laws.

Diff: 3 Section: 4.4: Maintaining Unique Folk Culture Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 4.4.1: Summarize challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 5 Languages 1) The geographic study of the distribution of languages provides a good example of A) the interplay between interaction and isolation.

B) the diffusion of folk culture in different areas of the world.

C) the role and spread of religion across much of the world.

D) the diffusion of trade routes across much of the world.

E) political conflicts that arise due to ethnic tensions.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 2) The contemporary distribution of languages around the globe is largely a result of A) social media.

B) the Internet.

C) Rosetta Stone sales.

D) migration.

E) high school requirements to learn a second language.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 3) When it comes to languages, an example of a centripetal force would be A) historical migration patterns.

B) groups of people who speak different languages.

C) a group of people who share the same language.

D) language requirements in school.

E) movements, sounds, and symbols.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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4) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the spatial study of languages?

A) People in two locations use different languages because of regular interaction among them.

B) If two groups have few connections with each other after migrating, the languages used by the two groups will begin to diverge.

C) People in two locations use different languages because of migration from one location to the other.

D) Language is like luggage; it can be lost when you migrate or travel.

E) People living in Madagascar and the Philippines are too far apart to speak languages from the same language family.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) The main difference between languages in the same family, branch, or group is how A) recently in time the languages were once the same.

B) closely the speakers of each language live to one other.

C) they correspond to the diffusion of free markets throughout the world.

D) similar the cultures of the speakers of each language are.

E) they all emerged at the same point in history, according to the Bible.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 6) A collection of languages that share a common origin in the recent past but have since evolved into individual languages is a A) dialect.

B) language branch.

C) language family.

D) language group.

E) language root.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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7) A group of languages that share a common ancestor before recorded history is a A) dialect.

B) language branch.

C) language family.

D) language group.

E) language root.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8) A literary tradition is A) a form of a language intended to be printed in official government documents.

B) specific only to Shakespearian English.

C) a collection of languages related to one other.

D) the written form of a language.

E) the variety of dialects in a language used in obscure examples of poetry.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 9) Which statement is TRUE regarding geographers' study of language?

A) Language is important because of its relationship to nationality.

B) Geographers examine the similarities among languages to understand the diffusion and interaction of people around the world.

C) It is easier to study and document the distribution of languages in Africa than in Europe.

D) Geographers are only interested in identifying and studying spoken languages.

E) Earth's homogenous collection of languages illustrates cultural diversity.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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10) The current estimate of the number of languages spoken across the planet is approximately A) less than 100.

B) between 250 and 1,000 languages.

C) between 1,500 and 3,000 languages.

D) between 3,500 and 6,500 languages.

E) over 7,000.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 11) The term institutional language is used to describe A) Latin words and spellings as the basis for a language's vocabulary.

B) a language of the dominant spiritual groups, military, and government.

C) a language used in education, work, and mass media.

D) a language of the medical profession.

E) a language used in meetings at the United Nations.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 12) A developing language A) has a literary tradition but is not spoken daily.

B) is a collection of languages with common ancestry.

C) has a literary tradition and is spoken daily.

D) is spoken daily but lacks a literary tradition.

E) is a social media language recognized by the government.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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13) Differences among cultural elements that may act as centrifugal forces are A) migration, education, and ethnicity.

B) distance, interaction, and time.

C) shared language, religion, and nationality.

D) movement, speech, and symbols.

E) language, religion, and ethnicity.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14) The best example of a literary tradition would be A) a script used in television and radio broadcasts.

B) the religious rituals and traditions of ancient civilizations.

C) the classification system used by Ethnologue.

D) a language that is written as well as spoken.

E) the variety of dialects in a language used in poetry.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 15) According to biologist Quentin Atkinson, the world's languages originated in A) North America.

B) South America.

C) Europe.

D) Asia.

E) Africa.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.2: Locate on a map the distribution of principal language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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16)

Use the map in Figure 5-1 to answer the question. By referring to Figure 5-1, the two most widely spoken languages in South America are A) Dutch and English.

B) English and Spanish.

C) French and Spanish.

D) Portuguese and Spanish.

E) Creole and Portuguese.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.2: Locate on a map the distribution of principal language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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17)

The language family encompassing the languages of the People's Republic of China shown in Figure 5-1 is A) Indo-European.

B) Indo-Iranian.

C) Mandarin.

D) Sino-Tibetan.

E) Austro-Asiatic.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.2: Locate on a map the distribution of principal language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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18)

Figure 5-1 shows that the four most frequently spoken branches of Indo-European does NOT include A) Balto-Slavic.

B) Celtic.

C) Indo-Iranian.

D) Romance.

E) Germanic.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.2: Locate on a map the distribution of principal language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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19)

Use Figure 5-1, the second most widely spoken language FAMILY in Europe is A) Balto-Slavic.

B) Indo-European.

C) Romance.

D) Uralic.

E) Celtic.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.2: Locate on a map the distribution of principal language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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20)

Use the map in Figure 5-1 to answer the question. In which countries are Uralic speakers located?

A) Italy and Spain B) China and Mongolia C) Malaysia and Madagascar D) Finland and Estonia E) Sweden and Norway Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.2: Locate on a map the distribution of principal language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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21) Which two language families together are spoken by over 66% of the world's population?

A) Niger-Congo and Austronesian B) Sino-Tibetan and Afro-Asiatic C) Indo-European and Niger-Congo D) Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European E) Austronesian and Indo-European Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.3: Identify the world's most used languages and language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 22) The roots of the trees below the surface in a diagram of language family trees represent A) dialects.

B) language groups.

C) language sects.

D) language families.

E) possible prehistoric superfamilies.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.3: Identify the world's most used languages and language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 23) In a diagram in which languages are depicted as leaves on trees, the trunks of the trees represent A) dialects.

B) language groups.

C) language families.

D) possible prehistoric superfamilies.

E) language sects.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.3: Identify the world's most used languages and language families Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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24) Scandinavian languages such as Norwegian and Swedish derive from which Indo-European language branch?

A) Indo-Iranian B) Balto-Slavic C) Romance D) Germanic E) Armenian Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Branches Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 25) Which language is NOT a Romance language?

A) Romanian B) Italian C) French D) Greek E) Spanish Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Branches Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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26)

Use the map in Figure 5-2, to answer the question. In which of the following countries does an Indo-European language predominate?

A) Bulgaria B) Finland C) Hungary D) Estonia E) China Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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27)

Use the map in Figure 5-2 to answer the question. A geographer observed that most European countries are dominated by Indo-European speakers EXCEPT A) Spain, Italy, and Portugal.

B) Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia.

C) Germany, Austria, and Switzerland.

D) Denmark, Sweden, and Norway.

E) Finland, Hungary, and Estonia.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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28) To which branch of the IndoEuropean language families does Dutch belong?

A) North Germanic.

B) West Germanic.

C) Romance.

D) Balto-Slavic.

E) Indo-Iranian.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Branches Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 29) India's 22 so-called scheduled languages are representative of India's A) monthly recognition of individual languages to celebrate diversity.

B) government's obligation to encourage the use of these languages.

C) system of social stratification.

D) democratic system of government.

E) widening gap between the rich and the poor.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Branches Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 30) The Russian language is part of the A) Balto-Slavic branch.

B) Germanic branch.

C) Uralic family.

D) Romance branch.

E) Turkic family.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Branches Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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31) Which is the most used West Slavic language?

A) Czech B) Russian C) Polish D) Croatian E) Slovak Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.4: Identify the distribution of Indo-European languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 32) The most-used language in the world today is A) French.

B) English.

C) Spanish.

D) Mandarin.

E) Japanese.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 33) The large number of individual languages documented in Africa has resulted primarily from A) thousands of years of isolation between cultural groups.

B) repeated invasions by outsiders.

C) introduction of many different languages by the colonial powers.

D) frequent migration by the different tribal groups.

E) colonial administration of native lands.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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34) Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding the Swahili language?

A) it belongs to the Niger-Congo language family B) it is an official language of the East African countries of Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda C) it is a lingua franca developed over centuries of interaction between African language speakers and Arab traders D) like most African languages, it has no literary tradition E) at least 50 million people use it as a second language Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 35) Which of the following is TRUE regarding African languages?

A) Each has its own unique alphabet developed because of centuries of isolation from other groups.

B) The exact number of languages was documented by missionaries in the nineteenth century.

C) In villages, people tend to speak to each other in their own language but may rely on a lingua franca such as Swahili to speak to outsiders.

D) Most countries in Africa have just one Official language.

E) Yoruba, spoken in Nigeria, is one of the major languages of the Afro-Asiatic family.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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36) The three largest language families in Southeast Asia are A) Dravidian, Altaic, and Tai-Kadai.

B) Austronesian, Austro-Asiatic, and Tai-Kadai.

C) Austronesian, Afro-Asiatic, and Uralic.

D) Korean, Japanese, and Austronesian.

E) Indo-Iranian, Celtic, and Turkic.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 37) Which of the following is TRUE about Korean?

A) Written Korean has a letter for each sound.

B) Korean is essentially Chinese spoken on the Korean peninsula.

C) Korean uses two systems of phonetic symbols.

D) The origin of Korean is unknown.

E) To simplify trade Korean is written with the familiar Roman alphabet.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 38) Which of the following is NOT true regarding language families?

A) Turkish is the most widely spoken Altaic language.

B) Migrants from Russia's Ural Mountains carried the Uralic language to Europe.

C) Arabic and Farsi are considered the same language.

D) More than 95 percent of the population of sub-Saharan Africa use languages of the NigerCongo family.

E) Sino-Tibetan is the world's second-most widely used language family.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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39) English is part of which language branch?

A) West Germanic B) Romance C) South Slavic D) Indo-Iranian E) North Germanic Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40) English is part of which language family?

A) Afro-Asiatic B) Austronesian C) Uralic D) Indo-European E) Turkic Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 41) Which of the following is NOT a Romance language?

A) Bulgarian B) Italian C) Portuguese D) Romanian E) French Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Indo-European Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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42) Romance branch languages have achieved worldwide importance because A) colonial and imperial activity distributed these languages to far reaching territories.

B) they are more frequently taught in middle schools today.

C) they closely approximate English in grammar and vocabulary.

D) they are the languages of governments.

E) they alternate being the global lingua franca.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 43) The language spoken by soldiers stationed throughout the Roman Empire was known as A) Official Latin.

B) Romance language.

C) Standard language.

D) Vulgar Latin.

E) Catalan Latin.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 44) Tracing the origin and diffusion of languages is complex in part because A) languages and branches developed before recorded history.

B) speculation by some experts has been proven wrong.

C) the Treaty of Tordesillas banned research into language origins for hundreds of years.

D) the origin of language families predates recorded history so can only be speculated about.

E) the collapse of the Roman Empire caused communication to decline.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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45) According to Colin Renfrew's research, Indo-European languages diffused across Europe A) entirely by sea.

B) by way of the Kurgan homeland.

C) with the conquests of warriors on horseback.

D) with the diffusion of agriculture.

E) following the traders on the silk road.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 46) Colin Renfrew's research is most closely associated with the A) Nomadic Herder Hypothesis.

B) Kurgan Farmer Hypothesis.

C) Nomadic Warrior Theory.

D) Sedentary Farmer Theory.

E) Silk Road Trader Theory.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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47) The Kurgans, identified as the first Proto-Indo-European speakers by archaeologist Marija Gimbutas A) conquered much of East Asia several thousand years ago.

B) were a Germanic tribe that invaded England.

C) were herders from the steppes of today's Russia and Kazakhstan.

D) preserved Basque in present-day Spain.

E) were the earliest speakers of Sino-Caucasian, which they diffused through conquest.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 48) The Nomadic Warrior Theory and the Sedentary Farmer Theory have been developed to explain the common ancestry of A) the non-Romance branches of Indo-European languages.

B) Romance Languages.

C) Sino-Tibetan languages.

D) Afro-Asiatic languages.

E) Austronesian languages.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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49) Unlike the Slavic languages which split into three branches, Romance languages form one branch because A) there was limited migration in this part of Europe.

B) there was no literary tradition of the language.

C) Romance languages derive from a single root language, Latin.

D) Romance languages derive from a single root language, Arabic.

E) migration efforts were slowed by intervening obstacles.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 50) The first speakers of the language that evolved into English were tribes that lived in presentday A) France.

B) Denmark.

C) United States.

D) Italy.

E) Switzerland.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of English Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.2: Analyze processes underlying the current distribution of English Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 51) Both the Angles and the Normans contributed to the development of the English language, because they A) spoke ancient English languages.

B) invaded England.

C) spoke languages derived from Latin.

D) diffused English around the world.

E) lived in isolation from other groups.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of English Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.2: Analyze processes underlying the current distribution of English Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 23 ..

52) The Statute of Pleading was enacted by the British Parliament in 1362 in order to adopt English as the official language of court proceedings instead of which language?

A) Celtic B) Danish C) Flemish D) French E) Spanish Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of English Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.2: Analyze processes underlying the current distribution of English Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 53) While other influences continue today, English has its primary roots in A) German and Danish influences.

B) French and Spanish influences.

C) Germanic and Spanish.

D) Danish and French influences.

E) Scandinavian and Greek.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of English Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.2: Analyze processes underlying the current distribution of English Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 54) English is the most important language in North America primarily because of A) a legacy of colonization by the English.

B) the Norman conquest.

C) the global dominance of the United States.

D) official government policy.

E) prohibitions against foreign languages.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of English Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.2: Analyze processes underlying the current distribution of English Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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55) Which sequence best describes the spread of English?

A) English words went from Great Britain to Denmark, and from there spread south to Brittany.

B) English language speakers traveled to India and Australia in the seventeenth century.

C) After first using French in England, English was adopted as the official language.

D) Beginning in the seventeenth century, English diffused west to North America, and then to India, the Pacific and Africa in the eighteenth century, followed by the Philippines in the nineteenth century.

E) English explorers colonized North and South America in the seventeenth century, and American explorers spread English to the Caribbean.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of English Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.2: Analyze processes underlying the current distribution of English Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 56) A lingua franca is A) an English word that has entered the French language.

B) a language understood by people who have different native languages.

C) an extinct language that has been revived.

D) an official language in a region of the world different from where the language originated.

E) a language used by French colonial administrations.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Sharing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.3: Explain the concept of lingua franca Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 57) The dominance of English as an international language has facilitated A) the decline of other national languages and cultural identities.

B) the increase in American students learning another language.

C) diffusion of popular culture, science, and international trade.

D) the rise in the use of Chinese logograms.

E) the stagnation of the English language in terms of new words added.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Sharing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.3: Explain the concept of lingua franca Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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58) English has achieved unprecedented acceptance globally due to A) the refusal to use English in colonial and imperial expansion.

B) the diffusion of command economies across much of the world.

C) its role as the common language of a global economy and culture.

D) the rise of folk culture and the decline of popular culture.

E) the diffusion of religion to industrialized nations.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Sharing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.3: Explain the concept of lingua franca Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) Which statement is NOT TRUE when it comes to dominance of the English language on the Internet?

A) It has made the knowledge of the English language more important to users around the world.

B) The percentage of websites written in English continues to increase.

C) The U.S.-based Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has been responsible for assigning domain names and for the suffixes following the dot, such as "com" and "edu" while other countries must use country suffixes.

D) It is a reflection of the fact that the U.S. was the initial leader in making the Internet available to its citizens.

E) The abbreviation "www" is derived from English words.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Sharing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.3: Explain the concept of lingua franca Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 60) Chinese is traditionally written in the form of A) a literary tradition.

B) a Latin alphabet.

C) logograms.

D) Cantonese.

E) phonemes.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.2: Sharing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.2.3: Explain the concept of lingua franca Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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61) The Chinese language has a distinct advantage in social media because A) its characters add to the emoticons in use today.

B) Chinese is today's lingua franca.

C) Chinese logograms represent an information-rich yet space-saving form of communication on Twitter.

D) its logograms are easily translated to English using half the space.

E) China embraces the use of social media.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Section: 5.2: Sharing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 5.2.3: Explain the concept of lingua franca Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 62) Which of the following is NOT true?

A) Some countries have more than one official language.

B) English is the official language of the United States.

C) English is the official language of more than 50 countries across the globe.

D) English is not the official language of the United Kingdom or Australia.

E) The continent of Europe has more official languages than any other continent in the world.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.1a: Explain the concept of official languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 63) Official languages A) are used by the government to conduct public and legislative business.

B) ensure that everyone in the country speaks that language.

C) require that all books and publications be produced in that language only.

D) require all media to broadcast in that language.

E) are spoken only in international and diplomatic negotiations.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.1a: Explain the concept of official languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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64) Official languages of the United Nations include all but which of the following?

A) Chinese B) Arabic C) Russian D) Portuguese E) French Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.1a: Explain the concept of official languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 65) Franglais is A) the lingua franca of France.

B) a dialect of French.

C) the standard language of French.

D) the use of English in the French language.

E) a language used by French colonial administrations.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.1b: Explain the concept of informal languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 66) Franglais, Denglish, and Spanglish represent A) the corruption of grammar in European languages.

B) lingua francas intended to compete with official languages.

C) languages based on Vulgar Latin and updated with modern words.

D) scheduled languages.

E) the infusion of English into French, German and Spanish and subsequent development of new words.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.1b: Explain the concept of informal languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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67) A pidgin language A) has no native speakers.

B) is spread by folk culture.

C) stems from invasion.

D) cannot exist for more than a generation.

E) cannot exist without globalization.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.1b: Explain the concept of informal languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68) The English language is a "second" or "third" language in many regions where it is used as a(n) A) colonial dialect.

B) expansion diffusion.

C) Indo-European import.

D) global lingua.

E) lingua franca.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.1a: Explain the concept of official languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 69) A regional variation of a language including a distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation of words is called a(n) A) vigorous language.

B) isogloss.

C) developing language.

D) dialect.

E) official language.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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70) Which statement does NOT explain why American and British English differ?

A) North American English was isolated in its evolution from British English.

B) North American English borrowed terminology from the indigenous population.

C) Noah Webster's agenda was to develop a uniquely American dialect of English as part of the American identity.

D) Noah Webster's agenda was to develop a language that held less cultural dependence on the British.

E) Noah Webster's agenda sought to preserve the pronunciation of "proper" English.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 71) Which of the following is NOT a way British and American English differ?

A) alphabet B) pronunciation C) spelling D) vocabulary E) prevalent dialects Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 72) Which statement best explains why geographers are interested in dialects?

A) Because maps based on isolines can predict future migration patterns.

B) Because spatial interaction plays such a small role in the development of dialects.

C) Because words in the various dialects of a language reflect distinctive environments.

D) Proper English was neglected in schools in the United States after independence from Great Britain.

E) Immigrants change the language of the country that they migrate into.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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73) Dialects developed within the United Kingdom primarily because A) the Angles, Jutes, and Saxons settled in different regions.

B) the Normans invaded from the south.

C) the Viking invaders did not remain long in England.

D) British Received Pronunciation became the standard dialect.

E) commerce developed more slowly in England than on the European continent.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 74) When people who speak a given language migrate to a different location and become isolated from other members of their group A) their language usually shows very little change even over a long period of time, despite the appearance of a small number of changes typical of different dialects.

B) they immediately develop a literary tradition.

C) isolation usually results in the differentiation of one language into dialects, followed eventually by two distinct languages.

D) they lose their linguistic abilities.

E) groups form multiple dialects.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 75) The standard for the English language in the United Kingdom is known as A) the King's English.

B) Higgins and Pickering Pronunciation.

C) Received Pronunciation (RP).

D) Midlands English (MP).

E) Doolittle Pronunciation (DP).

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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76) An isogloss is A) a form of a language spoken in a local area.

B) a collection of unique words.

C) a boundary between language regions.

D) a blending of two language families.

E) a line that separates literary traditions.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 77) The line which demarcates the an area in which dropping of the "r" from words occurs is called an A) isopleth.

B) isobar.

C) isohyet.

D) isoline.

E) isogloss.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 78) To determine the location of an isogloss a researcher would A) document the region's history and map the area in which the language is spoken.

B) collect data by asking people to complete a sentence or name an object in a picture.

C) identify the area in which the words are pronounced correctly.

D) eliminate boundary lines from existing maps.

E) analyze only the vocabulary used in rural areas.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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79) Which statement about American Sign Language (ASL) is TRUE? A) Because ASL does not involve verbal communication, it is technically not a language.

B) Developed in the United States it diffused first to Europe and then to the rest of the world.

C) Approximately five million Americans use ASL to communicate.

D) Adapted from methods observed I France, it was developed by the American School for the Deaf around 1817.

E) No country in the world recognizes it as an official language.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 80) Gumbo and jazz are terms that originated in the English dialects of A) New Englanders.

B) African Americans.

C) Jewish immigrants to the United States.

D) Irish Americans.

E) French Americans.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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81)

Use the information in Figure 5-3, U.S. soft drink dialects, to answer the question. In which region is the word "Coke" more common?

A) Northeast B) Midwest C) West coast D) South E) Pacific Northwest Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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82) A creolized language is A) extinct.

B) a mix of indigenous and colonial languages.

C) an isolated language family.

D) a possible prehistoric superfamily.

E) a revived formerly extinct language.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 83) AAVE represents an English dialect heavily influenced by African American A) forced migration heritage.

B) literature.

C) art.

D) music.

E) politics.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 84) Haitian Creole represents a creolized language of A) Spanish and Indigenous languages.

B) English and Indigenous languages.

C) Dutch and Indigenous languages.

D) French and Dutch.

E) French and Indigenous languages.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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85) Mutual intelligibility implies A) that two distinct languages share enough similarities to be understood by speakers of the other language.

B) that two languages share a common dialect.

C) that speakers of a language migrated at some point and maintained their language.

D) the use of a lingua franca.

E) that all dialect families are essentially the same.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 86) One of the ways that languages vary by gender is A) the online use of slang and argumentative language.

B) addressing letters to a male or female person.

C) efforts to make language gender neutral.

D) that many languages use distinctive endings of verbs and nouns that specify gender.

E) cultural change that makes language use more equal.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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87) Through the use of language, a person's gender can often be predicted because A) Facebook privacy laws allow for evaluation of postings.

B) men and women speak and use language differently.

C) people are socialized to express their gender on social media.

D) names end in male or female suffixes.

E) the English language is always gender neutral.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 88) When it comes to languages, global-local tensions are partially illustrated through A) the dominance of local languages over English.

B) the creation of a new lingua franca to ease trade relations.

C) the re-emergence of languages that were once considered dialects as people choose to emphasize unique cultures.

D) the mutual intelligibility of Romance languages.

E) migration patterns which have weakened the few standard languages.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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89) Catalán-Valencian-Balear represents a language and various dialects spoken in A) Italy and the islands of Sicily and Corsica.

B) Spain, Andorra, and the islands of Majorca and Ibiza.

C) Greece and the islands of Ithaki and Lesbos.

D) Morocco and Gibraltar.

E) Switzerland and the Alsace region.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: Language or Dialect?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 90) Catalán is most closely associated with which Spanish city?

A) Madrid B) Cordoba C) Valencia D) Barcelona E) Seville Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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91) The Galician Association of the Language and the Academy of the Galician Language disagree as to whether Galician should be considered a A) pidgin or a creole.

B) language family or a language branch.

C) dialect or a language.

D) standard language or a scheduled language.

E) vigorous language or a developing language.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 92) Several efforts globally are being carried out to standardize languages. Which of the following is NOT taking place?

A) Members of the Spanish Royal Academy produce and update an official dictionary of Spanish words.

B) Brazil, Portugal, and several Portuguese speaking nations in Africa agreed to standardize Portuguese written form.

C) French was standardized according to that spoken in Paris.

D) The British and Americans meet regularly to standardize pronunciation and spelling.

E) Portugal disagrees with Brazil over some standardization because it favors Western Hemisphere Portuguese.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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93) The Canadian Parti Québécois promotes A) French-language cultural values and advocates sovereignty.

B) French as a vigorous language.

C) French as a standard language.

D) French-language cultural values and unification with France.

E) a stronger literary tradition of French.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Multilingual Places Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.5: Give examples of countries that embrace more than one language Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 94) Which is NOT an official language of Switzerland?

A) Italian B) Flemish C) Romansh D) French E) German Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Multilingual Places Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.5: Give examples of countries that embrace more than one language Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 95) The Flemings and Walloons live in A) Belgium.

B) France.

C) South Africa.

D) Switzerland.

E) Liechtenstein.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Multilingual Places Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.5: Give examples of countries that embrace more than one language Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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96) The Flemings and Walloons speak languages belonging to different A) language dialects.

B) language branches.

C) language families.

D) language groups.

E) language sects.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Multilingual Places Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.5: Give examples of countries that embrace more than one language Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 97) Bilingual signs in Brussels, Belgium contain which two languages?

A) Dutch and French B) French and Flemish C) Flemish and German D) French and German E) Flemish and English Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Multilingual Places Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.5: Give examples of countries that embrace more than one language Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 98) Which statement does NOT accurately describe multilingual places?

A) Centrifugal forces that pull a society apart are a distinctive characteristic of all multilingual countries.

B) In many places, speakers of different languages are tolerant of one another and inter-marry.

C) Distinct groups may occupy different regions of the country and manage their own affairs.

D) Recognizing the status of languages can encourage diversity and the learning of multiple languages.

E) Speakers of minority languages can feel marginalized in society and seek more autonomy.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: Multilingual Places Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.5: Give examples of countries that embrace more than one language Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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99) Although Nigeria is linguistically diverse, its predominant language family is A) Khoisan.

B) Nilo-Saharan.

C) Niger-Congo.

D) Dravidian.

E) Austronesian.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: Multilingual Places Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.5: Give examples of countries that embrace more than one language Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 100) Australia and New Zealand's language policies differ today because Australia A) emphasizes the English language while New Zealand gives a lot of support to linguistic diversity.

B) was settled by English colonists but the original colonial language of New Zealand was French.

C) recognizes Maori as an official Aboriginal language whereas New Zealand does not.

D) has virtually no indigenous language speakers remaining.

E) requires immigrants to take a dictation test whereas the New Zealand test is written.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Endangered Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.1b: Relate the concept of endangered languages to language policies in Australia and New Zealand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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101) The language policies in Australia and New Zealand demonstrate A) that government policies have little influence on whether languages flourish or die out.

B) that when two countries have the same colonial language heritage r, they will have similar policies towards indigenous languages.

C) Australia required English language only instruction in schools while New Zealand encouraged the use of indigenous languages.

D) Australia's support for immigrant languages has resulted in the decline of the number of English speakers.

E) that more teachers are needed to maintain the dominance of English in Australia and New Zealand.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Endangered Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.1b: Relate the concept of endangered languages to language policies in Australia and New Zealand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 102) When a language has been classified as "endangered," what can be assumed to be TRUE? A) The people who invented the language no longer exist.

B) It is spoken by a small group of people who are no longer teaching it to their children.

C) The United Nations has determined it should no longer be used as an official language.

D) It is too late for a community to revive the language.

E) The language is seldom used due to the isolation of the cultural group that speaks it.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 5.4: Endangered Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.4.1a: Define endangered languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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103) A language that is unrelated to any other is a(n) A) developing language.

B) scheduled language.

C) vulgar language.

D) isolated language.

E) endangered language.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Isolated & Extinct Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.2: Analyze geographic factors resulting in isolated and extinct languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 104) Basque is a good example of a A) vibrant language family.

B) vibrant and globalizing language.

C) vibrant language group.

D) vibrant lingua franca.

E) vibrant and isolated language.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Isolated & Extinct Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.2: Analyze geographic factors resulting in isolated and extinct languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 105) Basque is spoken primarily in A) Brittany.

B) the Swiss Alps.

C) the Pyrenees Mountains.

D) Barcelona, Spain.

E) Liechtenstein.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Isolated & Extinct Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.2: Analyze geographic factors resulting in isolated and extinct languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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106) The Icelandic language has changed less than any other Germanic language because of A) Iceland's close contact with speakers of other languages.

B) migration by German tribes.

C) Iceland's relative isolation from other places.

D) the extinction of the East Germanic group.

E) continuous exchange with Norway and Sweden.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Isolated & Extinct Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.2: Analyze geographic factors resulting in isolated and extinct languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 107) Which process is most likely to result in the extinction of a language?

A) Following its discovery, people lose interest in it in favor of a more useful language.

B) Only older people know it fluently, young people no longer learn it, and the last speaker dies of old age.

C) After creating a literary tradition, the books are banned and no one can read in the language any more.

D) Older people understand the language but younger people apply different meanings to the words.

E) When the speakers of a language are isolated by mountains and there are no shops or offices that use it.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Isolated & Extinct Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.2: Analyze geographic factors resulting in isolated and extinct languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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108)

Use the maps in Figures 5-4 and 5-5 to answer the question. In which region are speakers of Quechua and Mapundugan located?

A) western Africa B) eastern South America C) western South America D) eastern Africa E) northern Eurasia

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Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 5.4: Isolated & Extinct Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.4.2: Analyze geographic factors resulting in isolated and extinct languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 109) A language that was nearly extinct in British-controlled areas but is now being revived is A) Spanish.

B) Celtic.

C) Iranian.

D) English.

E) Scottish.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: Preserving Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.3: Describe how some lesser-used languages are being protected Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 110) Which is NOT true about Celtic languages?

A) They were threatened by extinction in England.

B) They are still spoken by people in France and Spain.

C) They have been revived in some parts of the British Isles.

D) They have an extensive body of literature.

E) They share common language structure with Finnish and Hungarian.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 5.4: Preserving Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.3: Describe how some lesser-used languages are being protected Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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111) Carmel O'Shannessy, a linguist from the University of Michigan, recorded this new language in Australia's Northern Territory.

A) Kora Aka B) Myaamia C) Clallam D) Liv E) Warlpiri rampaku Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: New & Growing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.4: Summarize processes of growing and reviving languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 112) Warlpiri rampaku is a(n) A) institutionalized language.

B) creolized language.

C) scheduled language.

D) part of the Received Pronunciation standards.

E) extinct language.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: New & Growing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.4: Summarize processes of growing and reviving languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 113) Hebrew is an example of A) an isolated language.

B) an extinct language.

C) a revived language.

D) a language family.

E) a vibrant isolated language.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 5.4: New & Growing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.4: Summarize processes of growing and reviving languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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114) Which statement is TRUE regarding the case of Myaamia?

A) It will be difficult to revive the Myaamia language because there are no longer Miami peoples.

B) The Miami People of Oklahoma abandoned the language following their migration.

C) It has a strong literary tradition and is spoken by old and young people in Ohio.

D) It has been classified as Reawakening due to young people learning it as their first language.

E) Like most languages, it can only be learned from native speakers as it has no dictionary.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 5.4: New & Growing Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.4.4: Summarize processes of growing and reviving languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 115) Define the term "writing system." List three examples of writing systems and identify the countries in which they are found.

Answer: Answers will vary. A writing system can be defined as the alphabet used to write a language. The examples are Latin, which would be found in Western Europe and the U.S., Hebrew, found in Israel; Arabic, found in North Africa and Saudi Arabia and other possible examples such as Cyrillic in Russia, Greek in Greece, etc.

Diff: 1 Section: 5.1: Languages & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.1.1: Explain how geographers classify languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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116)

Using Figure 5-6, to recall the main languages of Africa. What physical and/or cultural factors may have accounted for the patterns of diffusion indicated there?

Describe the distribution of the major languages of Africa. Identify and explain physical and cultural factors that could account for the distribution patterns you observed.

Answer: Answers will vary, but may note the spatial relationships between climatic zones, deserts, mountains, etc., as well as historical processes, such as colonial expansion accounting for the presence of French, Portuguese, and English, plus Afrikaans in addition to Islamic expansion in the north. Answer should also make note of the presence of Austronesian in Madagascar and provide an explanation for this outlier.

Diff: 3 Section: 5.1: Distribution of Other Language Families Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 5.1.5: Describe the distribution of language families other than IndoEuropean Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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117) Explain how the physical environment is a factor used by researchers in determining the common origin of languages.

Answer: Answers may vary. Response will include the naming of animals, plants, and features of the physical environment common to all languages. Tracing the language to an environment shows how many words are shared between languages, such as living in a place with bears and snow versus a similar language that does not have these words. If there is a different word for the same animal, it indicates that the languages split around the time of migration.

Diff: 2 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 118) Describe the main differences between the two leading hypotheses concerning the origins of the Indo-European language family. Name each and discuss its main characteristics.

Answer: Answers will vary but may note the following: The Nomadic Warrior hypothesis espoused by Marija Gimbutas identifies the Kurgan people as the first Indo-European speakers.

Their homeland was in the Central Asian steppes around 4300 B.C. They were nomadic herders of horses and cattle. Between 3500 and 2500 B.C., Kurgan warriors, using their domesticated horses as weapons, conquered much of Europe and South Asia.

The Sedentary Farmer hypothesis espoused by Colin Renfrew argues that the first speakers of Proto-Indo-European lived 2,000 years before the Kurgans, in eastern Anatolia. Biologist Russell D. Gray supports the Renfrew position but dates the first speakers even earlier, at around 6700 B.C. Renfrew believes they diffused from Anatolia westward to Greece (the origin of the Greek language branch) and from Greece westward toward Italy, Sicily, Corsica, the Mediterranean coast of France, Spain, and Portugal (the origin of the Romance language branch).

From the Mediterranean coast, the speakers migrated northward toward central and northern France and on to the British Isles (perhaps the origin of the Celtic language branch). IndoEuropean is also said to have diffused northward from Greece toward the Danube River (Romania) and westward to central Europe, according to Renfrew. From there the language diffused northward toward the Baltic Sea. Diff: 3 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of Indo-European Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 5.2.1: Identify processes of origin and diffusion of a language branch and a family Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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119)

Use the map in Figure 5-7 to answer the question. Identify and describe the tribes that invaded Great Britain, their languages, and region of origin. Explain the subsequent influence of these groups on the development of the English language.

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Answer: Answers may vary in detail, but should include the Germanic tribes known as the Angles, Jutes, and Saxons which formed the basis for modern English. The name England comes from Angles' land.

Other peoples subsequently invaded England and added words from their languages to basic English.

Vikings from present-day Norway landed on the northeastern coast and enriched the language with new words, including bag, cake, and egg. May also include additions from French we can trace today (celestial, equestrian, masculine, and feminine) vs. sky, horse, man, and woman from German.

Diff: 2 Section: 5.2: Origin & Diffusion of English Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.2.2: Analyze processes underlying the current distribution of English Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 120) Language is an example of the dynamic nature of culture. Define and describe the existence of informal languages, the role they play in societies, and places where you would expect to find them spoken.

Answer: Answers may vary but the response should include that when people come into contact with speakers of other languages, they will find a way to communicate. The easiest thing to do is to combine the known languages into words that can share meaning, or adopt words from another language that may not exist in yours. This eases communication and assimilation.

Examples are Spanglish, which you would find in places like New York or Los Angeles or Texas where English and Spanish—speakers live and work together, or Franglais in France or Canada where there are many English speakers influencing the language.

Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Official Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.1b: Explain the concept of informal languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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121) Identify and describe three ways the English spoken and used in the United States differs from the English spoken and used in the United Kingdom.

Answer: Vocabulary—different names for animals and inventions; spelling—standardized American spellings with Webster's dictionary, dropped u in honour and substituted s for c such as defense; pronunciation—fewer syllables pronounced in British English, e.g., secretary.

Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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122)

Use Figure 5-8 to answer the question. Identify and describe the geographic processes that influence the distribution of dialects within the United Kingdom. Identify and explain factors that could be used predict the distribution of the dialects in the future.

Answer: The presence of various dialects in the UK can be traced to the original groups who invaded and settled in different regions of the country. The dialects can be mapped in the traditional way of testing use of words and nouns. Migration patterns in which more people move north out of London is the basis for the prediction that the southern dialect will expand north.

Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: English Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.2: Analyze the ways that dialects vary Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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123) How does the American Speech, Language and Hearing Association classify African American Vernacular English and why is it considered controversial within the African American community? What advantages or disadvantages do dialectic people have?

Answer: AAVE is a distinct dialect, with recognized vocabulary, grammar and word meaning.

Some regard it as substandard, a measure of a poor education and an obstacle to success in the United States. Others see AAVE as a means for preserving a distinctive element of African American culture and useful for educators to use if it can act as a bridge for students. People who speak in more than one dialect may be able to switch back and forth depending on the community they are with. For example, African Americans may use AAVE at home, but switch to more standard English at work or school.

Diff: 2 Section: 5.3: U.S. Dialects Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.3.3: Describe the distribution of principle U.S. dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 124) Identify and describe the two principal ways in which languages vary by gender.

Answer: The grammar of the language may distinguish between masculine and feminine, and men and women use different words and converse differently.

Diff: 1 Section: 5.3: Dialect or Language?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 5.3.4: Summarize challenges in distinguishing between some languages and dialects Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 125) If the use of English reflects the dominance of the United States in economic and cultural spheres, what explains the relatively large number of endangered and dying languages within its borders?

Answer: Answers may vary. Response will describe the colonial history from England to North America and the displacement of speakers of indigenous languages during expansion of Europeans in the 18th and 19th Centuries. English has expanded around the world in part because of the United States' leading edge in television and Internet technology, as well as movies. Within its borders, the original inhabitants of North America have been marginalized within the larger society and encouraged to learn only English, causing the ultimate extinction of hundreds of languages especially on the West coast.

Diff: 2 Section: 5.4: Isolated & Extinct Languages Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 5.4.1a: Define endangered languages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 6 Religions 1) The spatial distribution of religions is important to geographers because it helps to determine A) how many people follow a certain religion at multiple locations.

B) whether or not people adhere to their religion after they migrate.

C) how certain religions are dispersed over wide areas while others are clustered.

D) how often people practice their religion.

E) how long it will take for folk religions to diffuse from their original location.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) The universalizing religion with the most adherents worldwide is A) Buddhism.

B) Christianity.

C) Hinduism.

D) Islam.

E) Shintoism.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 3) Which of the following would NOT bet included among the world's four largest religions in terms of the number of adherents?

A) Christianity B) Buddhism C) Hinduism D) Judaism E) Islam Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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4) Chinese traditional and African traditional represent which type of religion?

A) unaffiliated B) universalizing C) ethnic D) folk E) syncretic Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) Which of the following belief systems states that the existence of God cannot be proven empirically?

A) Agnosticism B) Atheism C) Unaffiliation D) Assimilation E) Amalgamation Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 6) The ethnic religion which has the most adherents worldwide is A) Confucianism.

B) Taoism.

C) Hinduism.

D) Shintoism.

E) Islam.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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7) A classification of a religion that is spatially widespread and philosophically inclusive of all potential adherents is described as A) universalizing.

B) folk.

C) ethnic.

D) tribal.

E) animistic.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8) Which of the following is an ethnic religion?

A) Buddhism B) Baháʹí C) Islam D) Judaism E) Christianity Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 9) Which is a common characteristic of an ethnic religion?

A) based on only one language B) appealing mostly to one group of people in one place C) based on belief in one particular spiritual leader D) younger than a universalizing religion E) more peaceful than a universalizing religion Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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10)

Use Figure 6-1 to answer the question. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding religious adherents among the world's population?

A) more than half of the people are nonreligious B) less than one-fifth of the people are non-religious C) more than half of the people are Christian D) about half of the people are Muslim E) about two-thirds of the people are Christian Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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11)

Use Figure 6-1 to answer the question. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding religious adherents among the world's population?

A) About half of the people are nonreligious.

B) There are more Muslims than Hindus.

C) There are more Catholics than Muslims.

D) There are more Muslims than Christians.

E) There are more Buddhists than Hindus.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Religions & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.1: Identify the world's major religions and classify them by type Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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12)

Use Figure 6-2: Most Numerous Faiths by County to answer the question. A person from Minnesota is more likely to be an adherent of A) the Lutheran church.

B) the Roman Catholic church.

C) a Baptist church.

D) an Eastern Orthodox church.

E) a Methodist church.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Global Distribution of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.2: Summarize the distribution of major religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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13)

Use Figure 6-3 to answer the question. Many regions of the world are home to a diverse composition of religions. Which of the following regions is an exception to this trend?

A) East Asia B) North America C) South Asia D) Southeast Asia E) Sub-Saharan Africa Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Global Distribution of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.2: Summarize the distribution of major religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 7 ..

14)

Use Figure 6-3 to answer the question. In which part of the world would one find over 50 percent of the population described as unaffiliated with the remainder of the population either Buddhist or affiliated with a folk religion?

A) South Asia B) Southeast Asia C) Central Asia D) Southwest Asia E) East Asia Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Global Distribution of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.2: Summarize the distribution of major religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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15)

Use Figure 6-3: Most Numerous Religions by Region to answer the question. Which statement about religion in Latin America is TRUE? A) nearly all of the people are Christian B) the great majority of the people are non-religious C) nearly all of the people practice folk religions D) the population is almost equally divided between Christians and Muslims E) about one- fourth of the people are Christian, one- fourth non-religious, and the remainder practice folk religions Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Global Distribution of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.2: Summarize the distribution of major religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 9 ..

16)

Use Figure 6-3 to answer the question. Which statement accurately describes the distribution of religions throughout the world?

A) Europe has a higher percentage of Christians than Latin America.

B) There is a higher percentage of Hindus in South Asia than the percentage of Christians in subSaharan Africa.

C) East Asia has a highest percentage of Buddhists in the world.

D) The percentage of Muslims in Southeast Asia is higher than the percentage of Muslims in sub-Saharan Africa.

E) Unaffiliated comprises over half of the religions in Europe.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Global Distribution of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.2: Summarize the distribution of major religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 1: How to use maps and other geographic representations, geospatial technologies, and spatial thinking to understand and communicate information; 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 10 ..

17)

Use Figure 6-3 to answer the question. Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to A) Christianity.

B) Roman Catholicism.

C) Protestantism.

D) Eastern Orthodoxy.

E) Fundamentalist and nondenominational Christian churches.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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18) A number of local congregations united in a single legal and administrative body is a A) branch.

B) denomination.

C) sect.

D) dialect.

E) family.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 19) A fundamental division within a religion it is known as a A) branch.

B) denomination.

C) sect.

D) dialect.

E) family.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20) Which of the following is considered a branch of Christianity?

A) Druze B) Eastern Orthodox C) Shi'ite D) Theravadist E) Judaism Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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21) Within the Christian faith, Lutheranism is an example of a A) branch.

B) denomination.

C) religion.

D) sect.

E) family.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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22)

Use Figure 6-4 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding the distribution of religions and branches in Europe?

A) most of the people in Ireland are Protestant B) most of the people in the eastern part of Europe are Catholic C) about half of the people in Europe are Catholic and half are Protestant D) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant E) northwestern Europe is mostly Protestant Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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23)

Use Figure 6-4 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding the distribution of religions in Germany?

A) Catholics are the majority in the north, while Protestants are the majority in the west and southeast.

B) Catholics are the majority in the west and southeast, while Protestants are the majority in the north.

C) the majority are nonreligious in the center and north, while Catholics are the majority in the south.

D) Protestants account for the majority in every region of the country.

E) Catholics are the majority throughout the country.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 15 ..

24) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding historically black churches in the United States?

A) they were founded by escaped slaves B) they were integrated into existing white churches in the south after 1800 C) they developed unique forms of worship distinct from other churches D) they evolved into a new religion that is not considered Christian E) they chose to have different churches that used African languages Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 25) Which statement best reflects the distribution of Christians in North America?

A) The Methodist Church is a minority branch within the Mainline Protestant Church.

B) Evangelical Protestants are most numerous in the Southeast.

C) Roman Catholics make up 21 percent of the population in the Southwest.

D) Members of the Church Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints are clustered in the South.

E) The Southern Baptist Convention is the most numerous Catholic Church.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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26) Which of the following Asian religions would be classified as universalizing?

A) Buddhism B) Confucianism C) Shintoism D) Daoism E) Hinduism Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Muslims & Buddhists Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4b: Describe the distribution of the major branches of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 27) Which spiritual leader is known as the founder of Buddhism?

A) Siddhartha Gautama B) Dalai Lama C) Lao-Zi D) Confucius E) Guru Nanak Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4b: Describe the distribution of the major branches of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 28) Most Buddhist religious functions are performed by A) members of the general public.

B) monks.

C) government officials.

D) government designated teachers.

E) parents.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4b: Describe the distribution of the major branches of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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29) Compared to other universalizing religions, which unique characteristic of Buddhism makes its adherents more difficult to count?

A) most rituals are performed in secret B) Buddhism was illegal for centuries and adherents feared retribution C) Buddhists attend services in remote mountainous villages D) governments of Buddhist majority countries do not provide religious data to outsiders E) Buddhists may be practicing Buddhism along with another religion Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4b: Describe the distribution of the major branches of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 30) Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism A) remains primarily concentrated in one region of the world.

B) was not begun by an individual founder and then diffused elsewhere.

C) was founded in China.

D) worships more than one god.

E) diffused primarily by colonization.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4b: Describe the distribution of the major branches of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 31) The dominant branch of Islam is A) Druze.

B) Eastern Orthodoxy.

C) Sikh.

D) Sunni.

E) Shi'ite.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4a: Describe the distribution of major branches of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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32) Forty percent of the world's Muslims live in four countries. Which of the following countries would not be among the four countries with the highest number of Muslims?

A) Indonesia B) Pakistan C) Saudi Arabia D) India E) Bangladesh Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4a: Describe the distribution of major branches of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 33) The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is A) Maliki.

B) Ismali.

C) Zaidi.

D) Sunni.

E) Shi'ite.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4a: Describe the distribution of major branches of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 34) The largest percentage of Muslims living in the United States are from which region?

A) China and other East Asian countries B) North Africa and Central Asia C) Arab countries of Southwest Asia D) Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries E) Pakistan and other South Asian countries Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.4a: Describe the distribution of major branches of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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35)

Use Figure 6-5 to answer the question. In which of the following regions are Sunni Muslims clustered?

A) Southwestern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of South Asia.

B) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, South America, and parts of North America.

C) Eastern Europe, North America, South Asia, and parts of Russia, China, and Japan.

D) East Asia, South Asia, and North Africa.

E) Western Asia, North Africa, parts of South Asia, and East Africa.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.4a: Describe the distribution of major branches of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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36) France's growing Muslim population is largely a result of A) French policy to encourage diversification.

B) French policy to attract guest workers.

C) emigration from former French colonies.

D) emigration from Southwest Asian countries.

E) French policy to encourage equal representation of religions.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.4a: Describe the distribution of major branches of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 37) Which statement is TRUE regarding the distribution of ethnic religions?

A) Ethnic religions are typically more wide-spread than universalizing religions.

B) Ethnic religions diffuse from one culture to another.

C) Adherents to an ethnic religion typically have a shared history, culture, and language.

D) Adherents to an ethnic religion tend to migrate away from where the religion was founded.

E) Ethnic religions may be clustered because they are surrounded by universalizing religions.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 38) Which of the following is true of both universalizing and ethnic religions?

A) They appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place.

B) They can diffuse to different populations around the world.

C) They attempt to be global and appeal to all people.

D) Examples can be expressed as Christianity and Islam.

E) They both arose from changes in the physical environment.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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39) Which of the following ethnic religions has the most adherents?

A) Judaism B) Zoroastrianism C) Hinduism D) Jainism E) Sikhism Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40) Which term describes a religion that combines beliefs from several religious traditions?

A) spiritist B) syncretic C) synchronized D) animistic E) shamanistic Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 41) A philosophy founded on a series of ethical principles for daily life based on li, meaning propriety, is attributed to which religious leader?

A) Siddhartha Gautama B) Dalai Lama C) Laozi D) Confucius E) Guru Nanak Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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42) This government administrator was the founder of Taoism, a Chinese ethnic religion. He also authored writings which emphasized the mystical and magical aspects of life.

A) Siddhartha Gautama B) Dalai Lama C) Laozi D) Confucius E) Guru Nanak Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 43) Followers of primal indigenous ethnic religions do NOT A) believe everything is spiritual.

B) believe in narratives that are specific to a physical landscape.

C) believe in multiple gods.

D) invoke shamanistic spirits to affect the lives of the living.

E) generally live in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 44) Animism can be defined as A) the desire to change the world based on reverence towards all mammals.

B) a combined reverence for mammals and birds.

C) the belief that cows are animated and sacred.

D) the belief that inanimate objects and natural events have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

E) another term for vegetarianism.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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45) Which of the following statements describes the changes to religious affiliation in Africa?

A) Since 1900, Islam has continued to expand territory and gain adherents in Sub-Saharan Africa.

B) Traditional folk religions are experiencing a resurgence in response to universalizing religions.

C) The number of folk religionists still follows an even distribution pattern across the continent.

D) Universalizing religions have replaced traditional folk religions in much of the continent.

E) Beginning in 1980, more people practice both animism and Christianity.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 46) Most of the religions with at least one million adherents originated on which continent?

A) North America B) South America C) Africa D) Europe E) Asia Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

24 ..

47) Most religions with less than 23 million adherents are clustered on a few continents. The exception to this distribution pattern is A) Judaism.

B) Bahá'í.

C) Shintoism.

D) Sikhism.

E) Spiritism.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 48) Juche, a young religion which is sometimes regarded as a government philosophy, is confined to A) Vietnam.

B) Laos.

C) North Korea.

D) South Korea.

E) Taiwan.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

25 ..

49) After Cao Dai was granted legal status in 1997, in which country did its adherents increase?

A) Vietnam B) Laos C) North Korea D) South Korea E) Taiwan Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 50) Founded in the nineteenth century, this universalizing religion advocates the abolition of racial, class, and religious prejudice.

A) Cao Dai B) Christianity C) Islam D) Zoroastrianism E) Baháʹí Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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51) Jainism is concentrated in which South Asian country?

A) Sri Lanka B) the Maldives C) Bangladesh D) India E) Nepal Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 52) This ethnic religion is also regarded as a cultural feature in Japan.

A) Spiritism B) Juche C) Tenrikyo D) Shinto E) Cao Dai Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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53) Both the Baháʹí faith and Zoroastrianism have their roots in which Southwest Asian nation?

A) Yemen B) Oman C) Iraq D) Saudi Arabia E) Iran Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 54) Which of the following is the youngest religion?

A) Jainism B) Shinto C) Zoroastrianism D) Cao Dai E) Sikhism Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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55) Introduced first within Judaism, the belief in the existence of only one god is called A) animism.

B) cosmogony.

C) monotheism.

D) polytheism.

E) pagan.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Other Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.1.6: Identify the distribution of religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 56) The split between the Roman Catholic branch and the Orthodox branch of Christianity was due to A) the unmanageable development of divergent belief systems in the furthest territories of the Roman Empire.

B) the migration of the Orthodox Christians to the east.

C) a rivalry between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople.

D) the choice by the Pope to adopt the seven sacraments.

E) the widespread diffusion and adoption of Islam in southern Europe.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.1a: Recount the origins of Christianity Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 57) The Protestant branch of Christianity is believed to have originated with A) the rivalry between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople.

B) the principles of Reformation and the theses of Martin Luther.

C) Ferdinand and Isabella funding of Columbus's voyages.

D) European emigration after the Potato Famine.

E) a surge in religion after the Black Plague.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.1a: Recount the origins of Christianity Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 29 ..

58) The core of Islamic beliefs involves the performance of rituals known as the A) Four Noble Truths.

B) Eightfold Path.

C) seven sacraments.

D) Five Pillars.

E) four gospels.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.1b: Recount the origins of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 59) The core of Islamic faith rests on two principles that are geographic including prayer in the direction of Mecca (salat). What is the other pillar of geographic significance?

A) Shahadah B) Zakat C) Sawm of Ramadan D) Hajj E) Hegira Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.1b: Recount the origins of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 60) The various branches of Shi'ite Islam developed based on A) ethnicity.

B) socioeconomic status.

C) profession.

D) religious calendars.

E) disputes over religious leadership.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.1b: Recount the origins of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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61) From a common hearth in Southwest Asia, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share the belief A) of undergoing a pilgrimage to achieve salvation.

B) that their founders were persecuted and sacrificed.

C) that polygamy is contrary to God's word.

D) that Adam was the first man and Abraham his descendent.

E) in taking holy communion.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.1a: Recount the origins of Christianity; 6.2.1b: Recount the origins of Islam Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 62) The three main branches of Christianity diverge in which key way?

A) Catholics believe in the resurrection, but other branches do not.

B) Protestants believe that salvation can be achieved with direct communication to God, not through a hierarchy of priests.

C) The Orthodox branch of Catholicism is the only branch that adheres to the original sacraments of Christianity.

D) Catholicism has diffused more rapidly by offering adherents salvation.

E) The Protestant branch is the only one with a known origin story.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Origin of Christianity & Islam in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.1a: Recount the origins of Christianity Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 63) Buddhism is founded on the Four Noble Truths, which include all but A) all living things must endure suffering.

B) suffering leads to rebirth.

C) Nirvana is the goal.

D) Nirvana is attained through an eightfold path.

E) Nirvana is attained as a community of believers, it is not an individual pursuit.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Buddhism & Hinduism in South Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.2a: Discuss the origin of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31 ..

64) Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize Buddha's A) life of self-help.

B) compassion.

C) renouncing of worldly goods.

D) wisdom.

E) practice of meditation.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Buddhism & Hinduism in South Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.2a: Discuss the origin of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 65) Although the Ganges is the most holy river for Hindus, the religion may have its roots in which river valley?

A) Brahamputra B) Indus C) Narmada D) Krishna E) Godavari Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Buddhism & Hinduism in South Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.2b: Discuss the reason the origin of Hinduism is unknown Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 66) Hindu traditions are recognized today as a result of the migration of Aryan tribes from Central Asia mingling their cultural practices with those of the local people who are known as A) Sikhs.

B) Indo-Europeans C) Dravidians.

D) Buddhists.

E) the Ganges People.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Origin of Buddhism & Hinduism in South Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.2b: Discuss the reason the origin of Hinduism is unknown Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 32 ..

67) Which of the following statements is NOT true about the differences between the branches of Buddhism?

A) Theravadists emphasize Buddha's life of self-help and years of solitary introspection.

B) Theravadists regard themselves as the "greater vehicle" while Mahayanas are the "lesser vehicle."

C) Mahayanas emphasize Buddha's later years of teaching and helping others.

D) Theravadists cite Buddha's wisdom.

E) Mahayanas cite Buddha's compassion.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Origin of Buddhism & Hinduism in South Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.2a: Discuss the origin of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 68) Christianity first diffused from its hearth in Judea through A) contagious diffusion.

B) hierarchical diffusion.

C) relocation diffusion.

D) expansion diffusion.

E) military conquest.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Historical Diffusion of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.3: Analyze the process of diffusion of universalizing religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 69) The diffusion of Buddhism eastward to China began only A) after the texts were translated into Chinese.

B) when Asoka mandated Buddhism as the official religion.

C) when the Magadhan Empire collapsed.

D) when trade routes were actively traveled.

E) when it lost its support in India.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Historical Diffusion of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.3: Analyze the process of diffusion of universalizing religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 33 ..

70) Which of the following has remained the most important religion in the homeland of its founder?

A) Buddhism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Shintoism Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Historical Diffusion of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.3: Analyze the process of diffusion of universalizing religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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71)

Use Figure 6-6, Diffusion of Universalizing Religions, to answer the question. Which sequence describes the diffusion pattern of Buddhism over time?

A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia B) South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia C) Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe D) Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia E) Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Historical Diffusion of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.3: Analyze the process of diffusion of universalizing religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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72)

Use the map in Figure 6-7 to answer the question. In just over 200 years, Islam spread westward following which diffusion sequence?

A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia B) Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Southwestern Europe C) West Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe D) North Africa, Central Europe, and Southeast Asia E) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Historical Diffusion of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.3: Analyze the process of diffusion of universalizing religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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73) The dominance of Christianity was assured beginning in the fourth century Roman Empire largely due to A) stimulus diffusion.

B) conquest diffusion.

C) a combination of contagious and hierarchal diffusion.

D) a combination of hierarchal and expansion diffusion.

E) missionaries.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Historical Diffusion of Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.3: Analyze the process of diffusion of universalizing religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 74) Which religious affiliation has the highest percentage of international migrants?

A) Jewish B) Christian C) Hindu D) Muslim E) Buddhist Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.4: Describe the distinctive migration patterns of Christian groups in modern times Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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75)

Use Figure 6-8: Most Numerous Christian Branches in Canada, to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding distributions of religions in Canada?

A) Nunavut is almost entirely Protestant.

B) Yukon is almost entirely Catholic.

C) Newfoundland and Labrador is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants.

D) British Columbia is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants.

E) British Columbia is almost equally divided between Catholics and people who are not affiliated with a religion.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.4: Describe the distinctive migration patterns of Christian groups in modern times Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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76) Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of A) Roman Catholics from Mexico and Latin America.

B) Roman Catholics from Canada and the northeastern United States.

C) Roman Catholics from Ireland.

D) Roman Catholics from Québec.

E) Roman Catholics from France.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.4: Describe the distinctive migration patterns of Christian groups in modern times Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 77) Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding recent migration patterns of religious groups?

A) Religion is a key push factor for international migration.

B) Christians account for half of all international migrants.

C) The largest migration flow of Christians is in and out of Latin America.

D) Muslims are more likely to migrate than Christians.

E) The percentage of Christians migrating to sub-Saharan Africa is greater than the percentage migrating out.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.4: Describe the distinctive migration patterns of Christian groups in modern times Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 78) In contrast to Europe, the percentage of Muslims who migrate to North America is approximately A) 1%.

B) 10%.

C) 15%.

D) 25%.

E) 50%.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Muslims & Jews Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.5a: Trace the distinctive migration patterns of Muslims Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 39 ..

79) For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been A) highly clustered in present-day Israel.

B) dispersed around the world.

C) concentrated in the United States.

D) forced to live in ghettos.

E) nomads herding sheep.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Muslims & Jews Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.5b: Trace the distinctive migration patterns of Jews Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 80) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding recent migration patterns for Muslims?

A) Because South Asia is home to a high percentage of Muslims, the majority of adherents prefer to migrate there.

B) Saudi Arabia attracts the largest number of Muslim migrants, especially from Egypt.

C) Southwest Asia and North Africa attract about one-third of all Muslim migrants.

D) Muslim migrants from Morocco often move to France or Spain.

E) A very small percent of Islamic migrants move to North America.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Muslims & Jews Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.2.5a: Trace the distinctive migration patterns of Muslims Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 81) Which event has significantly shaped the pattern of Jewish migration since WWII? A) the internationalization of Jerusalem in 1946 B) the reunification of Jerusalem in 1967 C) the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 D) the resurgence of Zionism E) the beginning of the Cold War Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Muslims & Jews Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.5b: Trace the distinctive migration patterns of Jews Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40 ..

82) A ghetto is a geographically defined space characterized by neighborhoods A) similar to gated communities.

B) inhabited by the lowest-income people.

C) where Jews were forced by law to live.

D) where blacks are forced by law to live.

E) provided as dormitories for factory workers.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Recent Migration of Muslims & Jews Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.2.5b: Trace the distinctive migration patterns of Jews Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 83) Which of the following would NOT be associated with a Christian place of worship?

A) a stucco and stone sanctuary in Mexico B) the Golden Temple topped by a flag C) an ornate Orthodox church topped by a dome D) a simple wood-frame building in a New England town E) a one-story brick meeting house in the American south Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Places of Worship Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.1: Describe places of worship in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 84) Indicate which of the following pairs of religions and places of worship or meditation is INCORRECT. A) Islam - mosque B) Sikh - gurdwara C) Buddhism - pagoda D) Baháʹí - temple E) Judaism - synagogue Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Places of Worship Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.1: Describe places of worship in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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85) A muezzin is used to summon believers to prayer in which religion?

A) Hinduism B) Bahaism C) Islam D) Judaism E) Sikhism Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Places of Worship Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.1: Describe places of worship in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 86) Some religions build places of worship to gather people together while others provide locations designed for individual meditation and reflection. Which of the following is NOT designed to be used by a congregation praying in unity?

A) Islamic mosque B) Jewish synagogue C) Sikh temple D) Christian church E) Hindu temple Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 6.2: Places of Worship Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.3.1: Describe places of worship in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 87) Religions that incorporate pilgrimages into their rituals emphasize travel to what sort of shrine?

A) the site of destroyed temples B) the site of future communities of faith C) locations important in the life of the religions' founder D) rivers important in the history of the religion E) a site where donations are accepted to support the work of the church Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Pilgrimages to Religious Shrines Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.2a: Describe places to which Buddhists make pilgrimages; 6.3.2b: Describe places to which Muslims make pilgrimages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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88) Which city is Islam's second-most holy city and the place where Muhammad's tomb located?

A) Mecca (Makkah) B) Medina (Madinah) C) Riyadh D) Jerusalem E) Jeddah Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Pilgrimages to Religious Shrines Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.2b: Describe places to which Muslims make pilgrimages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 89) Able-bodied Muslims are expected to make the Hajj to Mecca where they can see A) the tomb of Muhammad and the well of Xanadu.

B) a shrine to the Angel Gabriel.

C) mosques that are rarely visited or open to the public.

D) where Buddha was born and reached Enlightenment.

E) where Muhammad was born and the al-Ka'ba.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Pilgrimages to Religious Shrines Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.2b: Describe places to which Muslims make pilgrimages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 90) The four most sacred shrines in Buddhism are located in A) China.

B) Bhutan.

C) Nepal and India.

D) India and Kashmir.

E) Afghanistan.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Pilgrimages to Religious Shrines Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.2a: Describe places to which Buddhists make pilgrimages Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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91) Oneida, New York, and New Harmony, Indiana, were founded as A) sustainable agriculture centers.

B) utopian settlements.

C) Quaker settlements.

D) centers for the suffrage movement.

E) Baháʹí houses of worship Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Settlements & Toponyms Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.3a: Give examples of religious settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 92) Although most settlements in North America were not planned for religious purposes, A) most saw the emergence of religion over profit.

B) most colonists were widely dispersed to ensure conversion of indigenous populations.

C) most were built with a church at the center of the settlement.

D) most located the church on the margins of the community.

E) most saw religion as the main focus after Christianity became the state religion.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Settlements & Toponyms Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.3a: Give examples of religious settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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93)

Use Figure 6-9 to answer the question. Which of the following describes the main characteristic that distinguishes the landscape of Québec from the landscape of neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States?

A) Québec has toponyms derived from non Indo-European languages.

B) The province is not predominantly Christian.

C) Québec has numerous religious toponyms.

D) The toponyms in Québec indicate it may align with France.

E) The United States displays numerous examples of religious tolerance.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 6.3: Religious Settlements & Toponyms Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.3.3b: Give examples of religious toponyms Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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94) Which is NOT a characteristic of a hierarchical religion?

A) a well-defined hierarchical structure B) encouragement for each congregation to be self-sufficient C) organization of territory into local administrative units D) interaction among different congregations E) location of regional administration in large cities Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Administration of Religious Space Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.4: Compare the administrative organization of hierarchical and locally autonomous religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 95) Which of the following religions has hierarchical structure?

A) Hinduism B) Sikhism C) Jainism D) Catholicism E) Judaism Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Administration of Religious Space Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.4: Compare the administrative organization of hierarchical and locally autonomous religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 96) Of the following religions, which provides the most local autonomy?

A) Baháʹí B) Christianity C) Islam D) Buddhism E) Judaism Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Administration of Religious Space Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.4: Compare the administrative organization of hierarchical and locally autonomous religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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97) Of the following Protestant denominations of Christianity, which follows a more intermediate degree of autonomy?

A) Lutheran B) Methodist C) Baptist D) Presbyterian E) Church of Christ Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.3: Administration of Religious Space Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.4: Compare the administrative organization of hierarchical and locally autonomous religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 98) An ethnic religion typically has a less-widespread distribution because A) their adherents attitudes towards the environment have not yet diffused globally.

B) urban growth has destroyed many of their holy places.

C) their sacred places are tied to the physical geography of a particular landscape.

D) globalization has led to the abandonment of their hearth.

E) adherents no longer undertake pilgrimages to sacred sites.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: The Landscape in Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.5: Discuss the importance of the physical geography in ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 99) The beliefs associated with the origin of the universe are known as A) rituals.

B) cosmogony.

C) monotheistic practice.

D) utopia.

E) primal-indigenous religion.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: The Landscape in Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.5: Discuss the importance of the physical geography in ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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100) Which of the following faiths more commonly utilizes cremation to dispose of the dead?

A) Buddhism B) Christianity C) Hinduism D) Islam E) Judaism Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: The Landscape in Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.5: Discuss the importance of the physical geography in ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 101) Which of the following environmental or cultural factors may NOT influence practices to dispose of the dead?

A) freedom to openly practice religion B) availability of open land for burial and permanent graveyards C) beliefs about life after death D) availability of firewood for cremation E) permanent settlements Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 6.3: The Landscape in Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.3.5: Discuss the importance of the physical geography in ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 102) The principal purpose of holidays in universalizing religions is to A) recognize seasonal change.

B) pray for good fortune with the harvest.

C) commemorate events in the founder's life.

D) commemorate the construction of the primary religious site.

E) recognize new converts on a specific date.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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103) The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religion?

A) animist B) ethnic C) traditional D) universalizing E) monotheistic Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 104) The births and deaths of the ten gurus form the basis of holidays in which religion?

A) Judaism B) Islam C) Christianity D) Hinduism E) Sikhism Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 105) The Baháʹí calendar contains 19 months, and New Year begins on A) the first day of summer.

B) the first day of autumn.

C) the first day of winter.

D) the first day of spring.

E) the first day of January.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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106) The two most holy and solemn days of the Jewish calendar are A) Yom Kippur and Passover.

B) Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur.

C) Passover and the Feast of Weeks.

D) Sukkot and Yom Kippur.

E) Sukkot and Rosh Hashanah.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 107) This holiday that marks a time when the sun seems to "stand still," and creates the longest hours of darkness and fewest hours of light of the year, is celebrated by pagans.

A) the summer solstice B) the winter solstice C) the vernal equinox D) the autumnal equinox E) a solar eclipse Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 108) Which statement best describes the role that holidays play in a religious calendar?

A) Holidays must be aligned with the seasons, such as Christmas in the winter.

B) Holidays remain the same over the course of centuries, because the calendar is unchanging.

C) Holidays have theological themes no matter which type of calendar a religion uses.

D) Holidays reinforce shared history, language, and destiny in universalizing religions.

E) Holidays such as Ramadan and Easter are set by the solar calendar.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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109) The literal interpretation and strict adherence to the basic principles of a religion is known as A) the caste system.

B) subordination.

C) subjugation.

D) fundamentalism.

E) alienation.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Religions & Social Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.1: State reasons for geographic conflicts between religious and secular cultural groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 110) Religion is an element of cultural diversity that has led to conflict in some regions because A) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate to a new area.

B) religion always represents the most traditional worldviews of a population.

C) many people follow more than one religion or have non-religious ideas.

D) all religions compete for control of territory and attempt to convert as many people as possible.

E) adherents of one religion may try to organize space or society in a way that differs from other groups.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Religions & Social Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.1: State reasons for geographic conflicts between religious and secular cultural groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 111) Hinduism's caste system impacts the social structure of India because it A) assigns everyone to a distinct class based on hereditary.

B) decrees where and when pilgrimages should be taken.

C) mandates different adherence to Hinduism based on education.

D) is adopted from the moral ideas of the British colonizers.

E) is a holdover from original indigenous ideas.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Religions & Social Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.1: State reasons for geographic conflicts between religious and secular cultural groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 51 ..

112) Which of the following statements best describes the status of religion in Tibet?

A) The majority observe Confucianism and only a few practice Buddhism.

B) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control over the policies of their province.

C) The population has become almost entirely atheist since the Chinese invasion.

D) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.

E) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Religions & Social Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.1: State reasons for geographic conflicts between religious and secular cultural groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 113) The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the A) Dalai Buddha.

B) Kublai Khan.

C) Panchen Buddha.

D) Dalai Lama.

E) Buddha.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Religions & Social Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.1: State reasons for geographic conflicts between religious and secular cultural groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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114) The former Soviet Union exemplified conflict between secular and religious social forces because A) following the Bolshevik Revolution, the government required everyone to attend church.

B) the government philosophy of Marxism viewed religion as a threat and thereby restricted participation.

C) Large numbers of Soviet young people openly practiced religion and attended church services every Sunday.

D) when Communism ended, the government confiscated church property.

E) when Communism ended, people were free to ignore the teachings of the church.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.4: Religions & Social Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.1: State reasons for geographic conflicts between religious and secular cultural groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 115) Which statement best describes the geographic conflict between religions in the Eastern Mediterranean?

A) Ownership of the land is disputed between Egypt and Lebanon.

B) The region is home to sites sacred to Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

C) The Crusades began a struggle for territory that continues to this day.

D) Lack of water is the main source of conflict in the region.

E) The British occupy the territory and deny access to religious pilgrims.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Challenges for Religions in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.4.2: Understand geographic elements of conflicts among religious groups in Southwest Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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116) The Crusades were an ultimately unsuccessful series of European Christian military campaigns against Islamic forces to regain control of A) the Arabian Peninsula.

B) the Mediterranean trade.

C) the Holy Land.

D) Europe.

E) the Nile.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Challenges for Religions in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.2: Understand geographic elements of conflicts among religious groups in Southwest Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 117) Claims of ownership of the Holy Land date back 3,000 years. Which political entity and which religion controlled it for 400 years between 1517 and 1919?

A) the British Empire and Christianity B) the Palestinian Authority and Islam C) the United Nations and no specific denomination D) the Ottoman Empire and Islam E) the United Kingdom and Christianity Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Challenges for Religions in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.4.2: Understand geographic elements of conflicts among religious groups in Southwest Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 118) When the United Nations voted to partition Palestine into two states, Jerusalem was designated as an international city under the control of A) a British Mandate.

B) the Palestinian administration.

C) an Israeli administration.

D) a joint administration.

E) the United Nations administration.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Challenges for Religions in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.4.2: Understand geographic elements of conflicts among religious groups in Southwest Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 54 ..

119) During the 1967 Six Day War, Israel captured a significant amount of territory including all EXCEPT A) the Old City of Jerusalem.

B) the Golan Heights.

C) the Gaza Strip.

D) the Becca Valley.

E) the Sinai Peninsula.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.4: Challenges for Religions in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.4.2: Understand geographic elements of conflicts among religious groups in Southwest Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 120) Which of the following statements about religious conflict in the Middle East is NOT true?

A) Palestinians live in the 1967 captured territories of the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem.

B) Palestinians are divided politically into two recognized political parties, Fatah and Hamas.

C) Some Palestinians are Israeli citizens of Arab descent.

D) The Palestinian Authority is a neutral body engaged in arbitrating differences over the settlements in the West Bank.

E) The United States, Europe, and Israel regard Hamas as a terrorist group.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Challenges for Religions in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.3: Explain Israeli and Palestinian perspectives on Israel Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 121) People who identity as Palestinians include all of the following groups EXCEPT? A) residents of refugee camps B) residents of territories occupied by Israel C) citizens of other states calling themselves Palestinians D) Jewish citizens of Israel E) Muslim citizens of Israel Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Challenges for Religions in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.4.3: Explain Israeli and Palestinian perspectives on Israel Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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122) Which statement accurately describes attitudes towards the barrier between Israel and the West Bank?

A) It is controversial because it places about 9 percent of Palestinian land in Israeli territory.

B) It is welcomed by both the Palestinian and Israeli governments, regardless of their political affiliations.

C) It was built by artists to represent a natural landscape feature of the Jordan River as described in early religious texts.

D) It is popular in Jordan because it follows the previous border between Israel and Jordan.

E) It is internationally recognized as having helped establish peace in the Middle East.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Geographic Perspectives in Southwest Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.3: Explain Israeli and Palestinian perspectives on Israel Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 123) Which of the following elements of the local landscape have significant influence on Israeli attitudes towards its neighbors?

A) Israel's beaches and port cities of the West Bank B) Israel's narrow strips of territory and small overall size C) the separation barrier and lack of affordable housing D) the highlands and their proximity to Egypt E) the location of Israel's capital city and control of the Jordan River Valley Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 6.4: Jerusalem's Challenging Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.3: Explain Israeli and Palestinian perspectives on Israel Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 124) How has the geography of Jerusalem impacted the resolution of its religious conflict?

A) Sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built on top of one another.

B) The majority Christian population of Jerusalem is bordered by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side.

C) The Israeli government built a massive concrete wall to separate the most sacred sites.

D) Israel added territory by capturing the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.

E) The city gates prevent all but a few Muslims and Jews from entering the city.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 6.4: Jerusalem's Challenging Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.4: Explain the importance of Jerusalem to Jews and Muslims Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 56 ..

125) Which statement most accurately describes the basis of conflict between Muslims and Jews in Jerusalem?

A) Both resent intervention by the United Nations, but for different reasons.

B) The current geography of Jerusalem limits Jews' access to the First Temple.

C) The destruction of the Western Wall has led to centuries of resentment.

D) The most sacred sites for Islam were built on top of the most sacred site for Judaism.

E) Islam's Temple Mount is under Jewish control while Judaism's Second Temple is under Muslim control.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.4: Jerusalem's Challenging Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 6.4.4: Explain the importance of Jerusalem to Jews and Muslims Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 126) Israel gained control of Jerusalem following the A) partition of Palestine by the United Nations in 1947.

B) withdrawal of British rule in 1948.

C) Arab-Israeli armistice of 1949.

D) Six-Day War in 1967.

E) Egyptian and Israeli peace treaty of 1979.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 6.4: Jerusalem's Challenging Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.4.4: Explain the importance of Jerusalem to Jews and Muslims Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 127) Name at least four religions dominant in East Asia. Explain how religious adherence may differ in East Asia from the United States. What reasons could account for the difference?

Answer: Buddhism; Taoism; Shintoism; Confucianism but may also accept answers such as Primal-Indigenous, Juche and Jainism; It is common and acceptable for people to follow more than one religion In contrast to universalizing religions such as Christianity and Islam, these traditions rarely require adherence to only one faith, and many examples are syncretic, meaning they combine beliefs from different religions.

Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.4b: Describe the distribution of the major branches of Buddhism; 6.1.5: Describe the distribution of Hinduism and other ethnic religions; 6.1.6: Identify religions other than the most numerous ones Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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128)

Use Figure 6-10: Religious Segregation in Belfast, Northern Ireland to answer the question. The image depicts a city in Europe that reflects a distribution of Christians typical in this region.

Address the following in your answer. a) Identify the two branches of Christianity depicted. b) Describe the distribution patterns observed. c) Explain how historical circumstances in Ireland have contributed to the persistence of these patterns.

Answer: a) Roman Catholic and Protestant; b) A sharp dividing boundary between groups; and c) after Ireland achieved independence from England, Northern Ireland and the City of Belfast voted to remain part of the United Kingdom. Discrimination against Roman Catholics by Protestants led to protests and violence that lasted for decades. In spite of a peace agreement, the religions continue the pattern of segregation, with most Catholics living on the west side of the city.

Diff: 2 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Christians Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.3: Analyze regional variations in the distribution of Christian branches Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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129) Which major universalizing religion originated in present-day India? Describe its diffusion pattern and current distribution.

Answer: Buddhism, one of the world's major universalizing religions, is clustered primarily in East Asia and Southeast Asia. The development over time of several branches helps to explain the current distribution in these countries. Mahayanists are mostly in China, Japan and Korea, while Theravadists are clustered in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

Vajrayanists are found in Tibet and Mongolia.

Diff: 3 Section: 6.1: Distribution of Buddhists & Muslims Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 6.1.4: Describe the distribution of major branches of Buddhism Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 130) Religions may incorporate natural features located near their hearth and other forces of nature into their cosmogony. In your answer a) Define cosmogony. b) Discuss how the cosmogony of a religion may influence attitudes towards the physical landscape. c) Give two contrasting examples of cosmogony and briefly state the resulting impacts.

Answer: Answers may vary. a) Cosmogony is defined as a set of religious beliefs related to the origins of the universe; b) If you ascribe to a religion that believes the Creator is best served by modifying the environment, then you follow this belief, but if you ascribe to a religion that believes that the Earth is in balance and should be respected, you modify the landscape less; and c) Islam and Christianity cosmogony encourages utilizing earth's resources while Chinese traditional religions espouse the forces yin/yang and believe that many natural events are unavoidable.

Diff: 3 Section: 6.3: The Landscape in Ethnic Religions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 6.3.5: Discuss the importance of the physical geography in ethnic religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 131) Describe the main difference in the most important holidays between a universalizing and an ethnic religion.

Answer: Universalizing: Holidays revolve around events in founder's life; Ethnic: Holidays revolve around agricultural calendar.

Diff: 3 Section: 6.3: Religious Calendars & the Environment Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 6.3.6: Understand the roles of holidays and calendars in various religions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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132) China's control over a remote western territory has forced the traditional spiritual leader of this region to live in exile for nearly 70 years. Address the following in your answer. a) Name the territory (as known outside of China), the leader, and the religion. b) Describe the history between China and this region. c) Explain how tensions between political doctrine and the authority of religious leaders reflects the contrasting views of landscape by sacred and secular forces.

Answer: a) Tibet, the Dalai Lama, & Buddhism; b) China had claimed this territory as part of their country for centuries prior to Tibet's independence in 1911. China re-occupied Tibet and renamed the region in 1950, which sent the Dalai Lama into exile; and c) China's communist government discourages strong religious beliefs as a challenge to the social order and authority of the political leaders, yet Tibet is an independent country that considers the landscape sacred to their faith, as it is also where sacred sites and homes of leaders are located.

Diff: 3 Section: 6.4: Religions & Social Change Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Synthesizing Learning Outcome: 6.4.1: State reasons for geographic conflicts between religious and secular cultural groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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133)

Use Figure 6-11: Old City of Jerusalem, to answer the questions. This image shows the sites sacred to multiple religions within Jerusalem. Address the following in your answer. a) Name the three religions and the sites sacred to them within Jerusalem. b) Identify a sacred site that is not wholly shown on this map and explain why it is not shown. c) Briefly discuss the proximity of these sacred sites to one another in light of the map's scale. d) What resolution would you propose to address these geographical challenges?

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Answer: a) Christianity, Islam, and Judaism; b) The second Temple, sacred to Jews, is not visible as it was destroyed and the Dome of the Rock built directly over the site; and c) This entire map reveals that the sites within Old Jerusalem are all within about 2 miles of space, so that adherents of the different religions are in contact with one another regularly as they visit sacred sites. Responses to the proposal will be varied but should reflect knowledge of the complexity of the history, such as the intervention of the UN, the formation of Israel, and the need for free access to the sites.

Diff: 3 Section: 6.4: Jerusalem's Challenging Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 6.4.4: Explain the importance of Jerusalem to Jews and Muslims Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 7 Ethnicities 1) One key difference between race and ethnicity is that ethnicity A) changes each generation.

B) cannot be passed to the next generation.

C) is place-based.

D) is often confused with nationality.

E) changes following migration.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 2) Geographers recognize that this personal feature is often connected to the ways that people in society make decisions regarding where to live, attend school, shop, or spend leisure time.

A) nationality B) ethnic group C) education level D) skin color E) marriage status Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 3) Race is often described as A) being characterized by Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic/Latino.

B) identification with a group that is perceived to share a physiologic trait such as skin color.

C) determinable from physical characteristics such as the exact shape of a person's face or head.

D) evenly distributed around the world, independent of ethnicity.

E) defined by statute in most U.S. states.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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4) A person who may be considered a racist believes in A) the equality of women and men regardless of ethnic or racial identity.

B) the superiority of some groups because of cultural identity.

C) the inferiority of some groups because of economic factors and the superiority of other groups because of political affiliations.

D) the biological classification of people and undertakes actions that reflect beliefs in the superiority of some groups over others.

E) the biological classification of people along with an understanding that all human beings are one species and therefore one extended family without any inherent differences.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) Geographers consider ethnicity important because it A) provides the only stable basis of political states in the modern world.

B) opposes nationalism and globalization.

C) promotes peace and well-being in the face of the globalization of culture.

D) reinforces diversity in the face of the globalization of culture.

E) defines citizenship and sovereignty in the political arena.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 6) Meghan Markle, the Duchess of Sussex, is a good example of the A) complexity of ethnic identity in the United States.

B) confusion over ethnicity and race in Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

C) natural and biological basis for classifying humans.

D) complexity of Asian American identity in the United States.

E) principle of the distribution of persons of color.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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7) Which of the following is NOT a reason why ethnicity remains a source of controversy in the United States?

A) Disagreement regarding the extent of discrimination minority ethnicities such as African Americans and Hispanics still endure.

B) Disagreement on the extent that minorities should receive preferences in hiring and university admissions to correct past patterns of discrimination.

C) Controversial debates over whether people should identify their ethnicity on the census.

D) Different understandings of the extent to which the distinct cultural identity of ethnicities should be encouraged or protected.

E) Disagreement over whether or not ethnicity is really different from race.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 8) Which of the following does the United States Census Bureau NOT consider a race?

A) Japanese B) Black C) Hispanic/Latino D) White E) Samoan Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Classifying Race & Ethnicity in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Summarize changes in the classification of race and ethnicity in the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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9) Examples of changes made to the census regarding race and ethnicity in the United States include all of the following EXCEPT A) since 1997, the Office of Management and Budget has permitted the self-reporting of more than one race.

B) Hispanics are classified as an ethnicity and can therefore report any race they wish.

C) African-Americans are not classified as Black if they come from the Caribbean instead of Africa.

D) according to the census, African-American and Black only applies to people tracing their ethnicity to Africa.

E) Hispanics can identify as African-American.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Classifying Race & Ethnicity in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Summarize changes in the classification of race and ethnicity in the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 10) Changes to the U.S. Census reflect changes in the definition of race in the United States.

Which of the following is TRUE about the census?

A) The first three censuses conducted did not categorize people by race.

B) The term 'mulatto' was added in 1820, which means, "unknown race."

C) Because they are indigenous, American Indians were always included as a race in the census.

D) People were permitted to choose their own race beginning in 1960.

E) African-Americans, Asians, and Hispanics were added beginning in the 1950s.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Classifying Race & Ethnicity in the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.2: Summarize changes in the classification of race and ethnicity in the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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11) The two largest Hispanic groups in the United States trace their ancestry to which two places?

A) Dominican Republic and Mexico B) Cuba and Mexico C) Mexico and Puerto Rico D) Puerto Rico and Cuba E) Dominican Republic and Cuba Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 12) In which region of the United States are the majority of Asian Americans clustered?

A) Southwest B) West C) Plains states D) Northeast E) Southeast Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 13)

Use Figure 7-1: Distribution of Asian Americans in the United States to answer the question.

Which statement best describes the concentration of Asian Americans?

A) They are evenly distributed across the western U.S. B) The highest percentages are in southern California.

C) As a percentage of population, Hawaii has the densest concentration.

D) As a percentage of population, California has the densest concentration.

E) The highest percentages of Asian Americans are found in cities.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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14) Most African-Americans can trace their ancestry to regions of Africa EXCEPT for presentday A) Senegal, The Gambia, and Sierra Leone.

B) Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania.

C) western Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola.

D) Ghana, Togo, and Benin.

E) Nigeria and southeastern Côte d'Ivoire.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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15)

Use Figure 7-2: Distribution of African Americans in the United States to answer the question.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the distribution of the African American population?

A) In Illinois, the higher numbers are found in the southern part of the state.

B) The distribution in South Carolina is dispersed evenly throughout the state.

C) In California, there is higher concentration in the northern part of the state.

D) African Americans are clustered in the southeastern states.

E) African Americans are evenly distributed in the Great Lakes region of Chicago and Detroit.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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16) Which statement is most true regarding the ethnicity and distribution of indigenous peoples?

A) Nearly all identify with an ethnic group in the southwest from which they are descended.

B) The census classifies them according to over 10 different ethnicities.

C) The most numerous ethnic groups are Native Hawaiians, Cherokee, Navajo, Chippewa, Sioux, and Choctaw.

D) The most numerous ethnic groups are First Nations and Native Hawaiians.

E) Concentration in the southwest and Midwest is a result of recent migration.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 17) An examination of the distribution of ethnicities in the United States reveals A) ethnicities tend not to cluster in urban areas.

B) different ethnicities are distributed evenly throughout various U.S. regions.

C) ethnic neighborhoods contain a heterogeneous mix of ethnicities, even in cities that were once known for their patterns of segregation.

D) segregation laws of the past have had no impact on the current distribution of ethnicities.

E) ethnic groups tend to cluster in urban areas but in different U.S. regions.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Distribution of U.S. Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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18) Brazil was largely settled by immigrants from Portugal and which other region?

A) North Africa B) West Africa C) East Africa D) Central Africa E) South Africa Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnically Complex Brazil Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.4: Compare race and ethnicity in Brazil Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 19) Brazil's census classifies its population according to A) country of origin.

B) economic class.

C) skin color.

D) religion.

E) political affiliation.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnically Complex Brazil Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.4: Compare race and ethnicity in Brazil Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 20) Moreno (brunette/olive) and moreno claro (light brown) represent A) census options.

B) enclaves in Rio de Janeiro.

C) Brazilian self-identification.

D) the same thing as pardo (brown) on the census.

E) cultural distinctions.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnically Complex Brazil Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.4: Compare race and ethnicity in Brazil Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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21) An example of how complicated it is to classify Brazil's racial and ethnic composition is A) the number of people who have majority European ancestry.

B) that brancos and pardos are races that together make up more than 90% of the population.

C) the different words that both mean "black" in English.

D) that people have changed their minds about what to call themselves.

E) that large numbers identify with terms for "brown" that do not even appear on the census.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnically Complex Brazil Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.4: Compare race and ethnicity in Brazil Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 22) The current distribution of ethnicity in Brazil can, in part, be traced to the colonization of this region by Europeans.

A) Northeast B) West C) East D) West-central E) South Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnically Complex Brazil Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.4: Compare race and ethnicity in Brazil Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 23) Brazil's Amazonian North has the highest percentage of A) Europeans.

B) West Africans.

C) North Americans.

D) Indigenous groups.

E) South American migrants.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnically Complex Brazil Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.4: Compare race and ethnicity in Brazil Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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24) Which term identifies a place with a high concentration of an ethnic group distinct from those living the surrounding area?

A) enclave B) neighborhood C) census block D) county E) urban area Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnic Enclaves Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.5: Describe the distribution of ethnicities in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 25) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the development of ethnic enclaves?

A) Groups bound by language and customs cluster in neighborhoods where they can practice shared cultural traditions.

B) Cities set aside neighborhoods for particular ethnic groups to promote tourism to those areas.

C) Ethnic enclaves may ease the transition to a new country for immigrants.

D) Newcomers to the area are attracted by the possibility of assistance in finding housing and jobs through networks of people with a shared ethnicity and language.

E) The physical appearance of the enclave reflects the culture and religious practices of the immigrants' home environment.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnic Enclaves Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.5: Describe the distribution of ethnicities in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 26) Approximately what portion of London, England's residents are born outside of the United Kingdom.

A) one-tenth B) one-quarter C) one-third D) one-half E) two-thirds Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnic Enclaves Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.5: Describe the distribution of ethnicities in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 12 ..

27) In large urban areas of both North America and Europe, ethnic enclaves can be distinguished by A) the clustering of certain architectural styles.

B) measurable clusters of ethnicities whether or not they are recent immigrants.

C) attendance at churches, mosques, or synagogues.

D) low-income housing and unemployment.

E) patterns created by immigrants from former colonies.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnic Enclaves Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.1.5: Describe the distribution of ethnicities in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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28)

Use Figure 7-3 to answer the question. Which of the following is the most ACCURATE statement describing the changing patterns of ethnic distribution in Chicago?

A) Fewer Europeans lived in the inner city area in 1990 after being forced to move to ethnoburbs by more recent migrants.

B) The 1990 distribution reflected the lack of jobs in the auto industry the inner city.

C) In 1910, most migrants from Europe sought manufacturing jobs, but by 1990 their descendants had moved out of the inner city.

D) Between 1910 and 1990, quota laws limited the number of Europeans moving to Chicago in favor of migrants from Asia and Latin America.

E) In 1990 it was rare to find an ethnic enclave in Chicago that would still include restaurants and other reflections of a particular culture.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Ethnic Enclaves Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.5: Describe the distribution of ethnicities in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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29) Which set of words pairs the type of migration associated with eighteenth and nineteenth century African slaves with the type of migration associated with Latin Americans and Asians in the twentieth century?

A) chain; hierarchical B) forced; voluntary C) voluntary; forced D) chain; voluntary E) forced; forced Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Forced Migration of Slaves from Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe forced migration from Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 30) Which of the following statements does NOT describe a difference between forced migration of African slaves and other migrants?

A) Slaves are captured from their homelands while most migrants have a choice of whether to move.

B) Slaves lose their freedom for the rest of their lives while most migrants adapt and become successful in the new environment.

C) Slavery separated families by selling spouses and children to different owners whereas other migrants experienced a temporary separation of family members.

D) Capturing slaves in Africa left their home societies with a shortage of the strongest, youngest workers while it is common for other migrants to leave home due to a lack of jobs in that country.

E) Slaves were sent mostly to Brazil and integrated into the society while other migrants to North America are subject to racism.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Forced Migration of Slaves from Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe forced migration from Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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31) As part of the triangular slave trade system, ships bound for Europe carried A) cloth and trinkets.

B) rum and molasses.

C) slaves and rum.

D) gold and silver.

E) slaves and molasses.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Forced Migration of Slaves from Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.1: Describe forced migration from Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 32) Which migration pattern best accounts for the geographic distribution of African Americans in the United States?

A) migration from a rural to urban area within the state B) relocation to a rural sharecropping area C) relocation to northern cities D) movement out of inner-cities E) relocation to coastal cities Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 33) African Americans migrated out of the U.S. South partly as a consequence of A) the removal of travel visa requirements for people of color.

B) increased farm mechanization leading to a decreased demand for farm labor.

C) the development of better airports, allowing for rapid and efficient travel.

D) increasing opportunities to work in northern coal mines and the California gold rush.

E) the growth of agriculture in the U.S. Northeast.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 16 ..

34) Which type of migration does NOT reflect the historical movement and current distribution of African Americans?

A) forced B) intraregional C) interregional D) extraregional E) voluntary Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 35) From 1910 to 1950, the population density of African-Americans neighborhoods in urban areas A) increased.

B) remained the same.

C) decreased.

D) briefly increased before decreasing.

E) fluctuated.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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36) An example of "white flight" is the A) movement of whites from northern cities like Chicago and New York to southern cities.

B) movement of whites from southern cities like New Orleans to western cities like Los Angeles.

C) establishment of integrated suburbs around Baltimore.

D) decrease in the percent of whites remaining in the Southeast because of black migration.

E) emigration of whites from central Detroit as blacks moved in.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 9: The characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 37) Neighborhood changes in ethnicity are sometimes caused by the illegal practice of A) segregation.

B) separate but equal.

C) blockbusting.

D) housing shortages E) white flight.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 38) Which pull factor is responsible for the migration of African Americans from the south to north in the early to mid-twentieth century?

A) inexpensive housing B) equality under the law C) education opportunities D) factory jobs with higher wages E) inexpensive agricultural land Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 18 ..

39) Which describes population density in the inner city?

A) comparable to suburban densities B) equal to that found in rural areas C) comparable to population density of the United States as a whole D) significantly higher E) impossible to measure because no census statistics were collected for inner cities Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 40) Which migration pattern describes the distinctive intraregional migration of African Americans in the latter half of the twentieth century?

A) urban to rural B) urban to urban C) inner city to outer city and inner suburban neighborhoods D) forced migration E) rural to inner city segregated neighborhoods Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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41) The Brown v. Board of Education court decision ruled that A) separate schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional.

B) "white flight" was morally wrong and should be curtailed.

C) discriminatory lending practices and restrictive covenants were unconstitutional.

D) separate facilities for blacks and whites were acceptable so long as they were of the same quality.

E) separate schools for blacks and whites were constitutional, but separate drinking fountains were unconstitutional.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.3a: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 42) The "separate but equal" doctrine was accompanied by A) the abolition of discriminatory lending practices and restrictive housing covenants.

B) white flight and the construction of new inner city schools.

C) requirements for the integration of schools.

D) laws to end legal discrimination in the American South.

E) enactment of "Jim Crow" laws across the American South.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.3a: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 43) The "separate but equal" doctrine in the United States was legally established by A) individual southern states.

B) Plessy v. Ferguson.

C) Brown v. Board of Education.

D) business owners and school principals.

E) the Fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.3a: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 20 ..

44) Apartheid laws in South Africa legally separated the races by designating homelands in which blacks were expected to live until A) 1948.

B) 1974.

C) 1988.

D) 1991.

E) 2004.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.3b: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 45) Which of the following would be the best explanation of apartheid?

A) It is the dialect of Dutch spoken in South Africa by descendants of the first colonizers.

B) It is South Africa's governmental system that separates the executive, judicial, and legislative branches.

C) It was developed to overcome obstacles associated with having so many landlocked states in southern Africa.

D) It was put into place to enforce the geographic separation of races and their development in South Africa.

E) It is a series of laws that defines the kinship system of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.3b: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 46) Which of the following DOES NOT illustrate a geographical dimension of apartheid?

A) racial classification at birth which determined where the person could live and go to school B) forcing non-whites to work on farms owned by white South Africans C) out-lawing land ownership for blacks D) creation of all-black "homelands" where blacks were forced to become citizens E) creation of neighborhoods for each of the 4 different races to live separately Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.3b: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 21 ..

47) Which of the following DOES NOT illustrate a geographical dimension of apartheid?

A) racial classification at birth which determined where the person could live and go to school B) forcing non-whites to work on farms owned by white South Africans C) out-lawing land ownership for blacks D) creation of all-black "homelands" where blacks were forced to become citizens E) creation of neighborhoods for each of the 4 different races to live separately Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.3b: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 48) Which describes the current status of South Africa today?

A) still controlled by the apartheid regime B) rule of an African country by the white majority C) a democracy since 1999 D) still working to overcome the impacts of apartheid E) attainment of racial, political, and economic equality Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.3b: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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49)

Use Figure 7-4 to answer the question. Four of the 10 homelands shown were declared independent countries by the white South African government. Which statement best reflects the government's intent for establishing independent ethnically-based areas?

A) To ensure that citizens within South Africa could freely express their cultural identity.

B) To provide opportunities for separate development.

C) To eventually have the homelands break away and become rival states.

D) To split the arable land equally amongst the population of Whites, Asians, Blacks and Coloreds.

E) To set aside the best land for whites and keep the remaining ethnicities divided.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.3b: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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50) Ethnicities in the same country come into conflict partly because A) they may have conflicting traditions of self-rule.

B) they share a language.

C) minority ethnicities are officially recognized.

D) their national identity is shared.

E) the national wealth is evenly distributed.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 51) Large-scale migration into newly-created states in South Asia after 1947 occurred primarily because of the A) availability of jobs in the northern areas.

B) division of people into conflicting territories following the communist victory.

C) lack of food caused by late arrival of monsoon rains.

D) lack of correspondence between the boundaries of the new countries with the boundaries of ethnic territories.

E) new mobility provided by railway construction.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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52) In 1947 a Muslim family living in central India likely felt pressure to migrate A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.

B) to northern India and then to China.

C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.

D) to the northwestern territory of Kashmir and then to West Pakistan.

E) to a large city such as New Delhi.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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53)

Use Figure 7-5 to answer the question. In 1947 a Hindu family living in Pakistan or northwestern India likely felt pressure to migrate A) to southern India and then to Sri Lanka.

B) to the south, southeast, or east toward Muslim-controlled areas.

C) to the northeastern border and then to Sri Lanka.

D) to the south, southeast, or east away from Muslim-controlled areas.

E) to a large city such as New Delhi.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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54)

Use Figure 7-6 to answer the question. Which statement best describes the distribution of the Kurds?

A) in a newly independent country created for them between Iraq, Iran, and Turkey B) throughout the Balkans C) clustered completely in Iraq because of ISIS D) divided among Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran E) divided among Iraq, Iran, and Syria Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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55) Why are the Kurds described as a "stateless" nation without a homeland?

A) They have been promised one by the U.N. effective in 2050.

B) They do not have claim to any territory due to their relatively recent migration to the region.

C) They have no wish to become a nationality, only to remain an ethnicity.

D) The large population is divided among many countries.

E) The Turkish military seized the set aside territory before the treaty went into effect.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 56) Turkish nationalism has often involved A) assimilation of the Kurdish population.

B) equal participation of Kurdish people in government.

C) repression of the Kurdish language and culture.

D) conscription of the Kurds into the Turkish Army.

E) elevated taxation of Kurds.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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57) The "line of control" represents a dividing line in Kashmir between A) India and Pakistan.

B) India and Afghanistan.

C) India and Britain.

D) India and Russia.

E) India and Kazakhstan.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 58) In which of the following regions of India, have Sikhs long sought autonomy?

A) Rajasthan B) Punjab C) Kerala D) Kashmir E) Sikkim Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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59) The definition of nationality is A) a group of people tied to a place through legal status and tradition.

B) a country.

C) an ethnic identity.

D) any cohesive group of people.

E) any group with shared religion, language, and origin of birth.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 60) The key difference between nationality and ethnicity is A) ethnicity is easily identifiable while nationality is not.

B) people can have more than one nationality, but not more than one ethnicity.

C) nationality is derived from citizenship while ethnicity is derived from ancestry.

D) ethnicity can be chosen based on citizenship in a new country or marriage to someone of a different ethnicity.

E) ethnicities have traditions while nationalities do not.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 61) Which nationality would NOT be considered part of the United Kingdom?

A) Welsh B) English C) Scots D) Irish E) Saxon Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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62) Which is NOT a key element of nationalism?

A) common culture B) shared attitudes C) shared songs D) political structure E) symbols such as flags Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 63) Loyalty and devotion to a state that represents a particular group's culture is A) nationalism.

B) nation-state.

C) nation.

D) state.

E) multiculturalism.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 64) Which of the following is NOT a strong centripetal force in the United States?

A) the Pledge of Allegiance B) the U.S. flag C) ethnic diversity D) "The Star Spangled Banner" E) baseball Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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65) When a U.S. politician attempts to appeal to the widest number of voters, she or he may choose to invoke emotions related to a shared A) nationality.

B) identity.

C) ethnicity.

D) history.

E) language.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 66) Which of the following concepts is illustrated by Scotland's 2014 public referendum to decide whether or not to remain a part of the United Kingdom?

A) centrifugal force B) ethnic homogeneity C) push factor D) policy of assimilation E) globalizing influence Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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67) Much of the ethnic conflict in Western Asia is based on A) the lack of correspondence between ethnic territories and national borders.

B) the military dominance of Christians.

C) lack of military support or intervention of outside forces.

D) the lack of correspondence between religions and ethnicities.

E) support for the Islamic State.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in Western Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in Western Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 68) The most numerous ethnicities in Western Asia include all of the following groups EXCEPT the A) Turks.

B) Syrian Arabs.

C) Iraqi Arabs.

D) Christian Lebanese.

E) Kurds.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in Western Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in Western Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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69) Which is an ethnic minority group in Syria that has exerted political control over the majority?

A) Alawi B) Arab Shi'ite C) Druze D) Greek Catholic E) Greek Orthodox Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in Western Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in Western Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 70) Which statement is TRUE regarding ethnic conflict in Iraq?

A) Ethnicity plays a role in internal struggles, but religion does not.

B) Saddam Hussein, the former president, was elected because he was from the majority ethnicity and religion.

C) The majority Shite Muslims claim discrimination by the minority Sunni Muslims.

D) Movements for greater independence within Iraq are supported for Kurds and Sunni Muslims.

E) After removing Saddam Hussein from office, the United States helped to bring about ethnic harmony in Iraq.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in Western Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in Western Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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71) Which of the following factors does NOT support the characterization of Lebanon's ethnic relations as complex?

A) Even though the ethnicities of Lebanon occupy different regions of the country, each shares representation in the Chamber of Deputies.

B) The country's history includes a civil war in which ethnic groups armed themselves and controlled their territories.

C) In addition to Christians and Muslims, the population includes the Druze who do not fall into the traditional classification of Muslims.

D) In spite of sharing a nationality, the Christians trace their ancestry to the ancient Phoenicians while the Muslims identify with Arab roots.

E) The Druze and Muslim ethnicities are both considered Muslim yet practice contrasting traditions within Islam.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in Western Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.3.2: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in Western Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 72) The Durand Line in West-Central Asia is a source of tension because A) it was drawn by the British when Pakistan and Afghanistan gained their independence.

B) it is named for an Iraqi general who committed war crimes against the Pashtun.

C) neither of the countries it transects knows quite where the line is.

D) it cuts off the Punjabi peoples from their traditional source of water in Pakistan.

E) it divides the Pashtun and Baluchi ethnic groups between the countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in West-Central Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in West-Central Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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73) Which statement is TRUE regarding members of the Persian ethnicity?

A) They are descendants of Turkic peoples from China.

B) They speak an Indo-Persian dialect.

C) They are mostly Sunni Muslims.

D) They comprise well over half of the population of Iran.

E) They comprise nearly half the population of Iraq.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in West-Central Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in West-Central Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 74) The Taliban are a faction of which ethnicity?

A) Hazara B) Pashtun C) Tajik D) Kurd E) Azeri Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in West-Central Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in West-Central Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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75) All of the following are ethnicities in the Caucasus EXCEPT A) Armenian.

B) Azerbaijani.

C) Kyrgyz.

D) Georgian.

E) Ossetian.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in West-Central Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in West-Central Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 76) Which statement best describes current ethnic tensions in West-Central Asia?

A) Conflict is mostly recent and in response to United States' interventions.

B) Multiple ethnicities with ancient roots in the region are struggling to retain identity and gain political power.

C) Religious leaders seek to control governments and spread their doctrine.

D) Long-standing disputes over language and religion are re-shaping political boundaries.

E) The break-up of the Soviet Union is the root of most of the current tensions.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 7.3: Ethnic Diversity in West-Central Asia Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.3.3: Identify the principal ethnic conflicts in West-Central Asia Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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77) A purposeful policy by which one group forcibly removes another group from a particular geographical area is called A) collateral damage.

B) genocide.

C) racism.

D) ethnic cleansing.

E) white flight.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide Past & Present Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Analyze current and past examples of ethnic cleansing and genocide Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 78) Genocide is defined as A) the mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence.

B) a policy to remove a group from their homeland by violence and force.

C) the fear of people of other ethnicities, religions, and races.

D) the removal of people from a country's gene pool.

E) a policy to change the distribution of people within a geographic territory.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide Past & Present Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Analyze current and past examples of ethnic cleansing and genocide Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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79) Immediately after World War II, new political boundaries in Europe resulted in A) ethnic cleansing in the Balkans.

B) policies of acculturation and multiculturalism.

C) increased tolerance of differences in ethnicity and religion.

D) the forced migration of millions of Europeans to new territories on the continent.

E) economic opportunities that were more evenly distributed between urban and rural areas.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide Past & Present Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Analyze current and past examples of ethnic cleansing and genocide Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 80) Which of the following does NOT describe a forced migration following World War II? A) poles leaving territory occupied by the Soviet Union B) Russians returning to the Soviet Union from Western Europe C) Germans leaving territory taken over by Poland and the Soviet Union D) Russians leaving Italy following the end of the war E) poles moving into former German areas following national boundary changes Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide Past & Present Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Analyze current and past examples of ethnic cleansing and genocide Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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81) All of the following factors express a motive for the ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya ethnicity in Myanmar EXCEPT A) disputes over the rights of Rohingya to own property in Myanmar.

B) conflicts over the practice of a different faith from that of the country's majority.

C) claims that the Rohingya have incited violence in their communities.

D) discrimination against Rohingya in schools and employment opportunities due to their disputed status.

E) closing the border to reduce the number of Rohingya immigrants into Myanmar.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide Past & Present Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.1: Analyze current and past examples of ethnic cleansing and genocide Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 82) The breakup of Yugoslavia during the 1990s was caused mainly by A) ethnophobia and ethnic cleansing.

B) the assassination the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary in Sarajevo.

C) rivalries among ethnicities.

D) Kosovo's declaration of independence.

E) espionage by Russian agents.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.1: Ethnic Cleansing in Southeast Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Describe the breakup of Yugoslavia and its consequences for Balkan ethnic groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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83) Aerial photography of ethnic cleansing in the Balkans was used to A) provide critical evidence to prosecute Serbian leaders for war crimes.

B) provide historic information in order to renumerate victims for lost property.

C) provide essential evidence to calculate war debts.

D) establish the locations of vulnerable heritage sites.

E) monitor vital migration patterns.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Southeast Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Describe the breakup of Yugoslavia and its consequences for Balkan ethnic groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 84) Kosovo was autonomous region within A) Croatia.

B) Armenia.

C) Macedonia.

D) Serbia.

E) Slovenia.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Southeast Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Describe the breakup of Yugoslavia and its consequences for Balkan ethnic groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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85) Serbian ethnic cleansing in Kosovo led to A) an arms sale blockade invoked by the European Union.

B) the intervention of coalition forces from Russia and China.

C) the NATO bombing of Serbian military positions.

D) the European Union brokered peace agreement.

E) absence of involvement on the part of the United States.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Southeast Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Describe the breakup of Yugoslavia and its consequences for Balkan ethnic groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 86) The Yugoslav nationality A) was socially constructed through authoritarian leadership.

B) evolved naturally within the post-World War I political boundaries.

C) accepted the dominance of Serbian culture and ethnicity.

D) emerged only as a result of substantial economic growth.

E) was a precursor to the effect of globalization on the region.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Southeast Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.4.2: Describe the breakup of Yugoslavia and its consequences for Balkan ethnic groups Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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87) The United Nations labeled the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina as a crime against humanity. Which of the following would NOT be included in a list of war crimes committed there?

A) murder B) arbitrary arrest and detention C) rape and sexual assaults D) forcible removal and deportation E) trials of the accused leaders Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 88) The term Balkanization is used to refer to the fragmentation of political space caused by conflicts between A) religions.

B) classes.

C) economic forces.

D) ethnicities.

E) races.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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89) Serbia's attempts to consolidate areas inhabited by Serbians within Bosnia & Herzegovina ultimately led to A) reduced Serbian territory but ensured 100 percent Serbian purity.

B) a homogenized Serbian population by eliminating Bosnian enclaves.

C) the creation of several discontinuous areas within the redrawn borders.

D) placement of the entire Balkan Peninsula under Serb domination.

E) expansion of Serbian territory into Croatia and Montenegro.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 90) Which statement is the most accurate outcome of the conviction of Croat and Serb leaders for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia?

A) Yugoslavia was restored to its former borders, creating an ethnically diverse nation.

B) The United Nations stepped in to bring peace to the region.

C) The leaders were jailed in Dayton, Ohio under the Peace Agreement.

D) The world learned that ethnic cleansing processes can never achieve their objectives.

E) In spite of the immorality of the process of ethnic cleansing, the Serbs were successful in their objective.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.4.3: Explain the concept of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia & Herzegovina Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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91) Which factor is the underlying use of cause at the root of the conflicts in the Sudan?

A) religion B) migration patterns C) oil D) water resources E) ethnic diversity Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide in Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.4: Identify the principal recent episodes of genocide in Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 92) As Sudan's religion-based civil war was winding down, an ethnic war erupted in the region of A) Eritrea.

B) Tigre.

C) Darfur.

D) Amhara.

E) Oromo.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide in Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.4: Identify the principal recent episodes of genocide in Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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93) Most of the conflict in Africa is widespread because of A) colonial boundaries clearly demarcating the various ethnic and national populations.

B) numerous ethnic groups that prefer not to speak another language.

C) rapid economic development for the poor at the expense of the rich.

D) gradual economic development favoring the majority poor over the minority rich.

E) national boundaries not corresponding to distribution of ethnic groups.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 7.4: Ethnic Cleansing & Genocide in Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.4.4: Identify the principal recent episodes of genocide in Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 94) In which African country did the conflict between the Hutu and Tutsi result in genocide?

A) Sudan B) Botswana C) Rwanda D) Gabon E) Central African Republic Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 7.4: Conflict in Central Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.5: Identify the principal recent episodes of genocide in Central Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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95) Ethnicity plays a major role in the on-going conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo in part because A) every newly elected president represents a different ethnicity.

B) the country's leaders have manipulated ethnicities against one another.

C) the majority ethnic group controls the country's vast mineral wealth.

D) the ethnic groups in neighboring countries refuse to become involved in the war.

E) the peace accords guaranteed power to just one or two ethnic groups.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 7.4: Conflict in Central Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 7.4.5: Identify the principal recent episodes of genocide in Central Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 96) Explain why ethnicity will continue to contribute to local diversity even as other cultural elements become globalized.

Answer: Varies but the answer should touch on the fact that ethnicity is place dependent and does not change with relocation. Cultural factors like dress or cuisine may change with relocation but ethnicity does not. Although some may self-identify differently in a new location.

Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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97) Geographers are interested in ethnicity as an important part of cultural identity. For many Americans, ethnicity can be a factor in many aspects of their daily lives. a) Define ethnicity and explain what distinguishes it from nationality or race, including why ethnicity is easier to classify. b) Give an example of an ethnic group in the United States and describe two ways that a person's ethnicity may influence their daily lives.

Answer: Answers may vary. a) Ethnicity is defined as a group of people caring cultural traditions tied to a homeland (it is place-based), which nationality is the country in which an individual holds citizenship, which is sometimes more than one country, and race is defined as a perceived physical trait such as skin color. Ethnicity is easier to classify because people do not change or modify their ethnicity, and it is not subjective like race; and b) Asian Americans, although examples can be any described in the chapter. Possible influences may include: more likely to live in the western U.S., may identify with a minority religion such as Buddhism, may be subject to discrimination, may determine language and education options etc.

Diff: 2 Section: 7.1: Ethnicities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.1.1: Distinguish between ethnicity and race; 7.1.3: Compare the distribution of U.S. ethnicities; 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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98)

Use Figures 7.7 and 7.8 to answer the question. Describe the challenges that Brazil's government faces when classifying its population.

Answer: Answers may vary but should touch on the very personal component of selfidentification and how census classifications obfuscate the diversity of a population.

Diff: 3 Section: 7.1: Ethnically Complex Brazil Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 7.1.4: Compare race and ethnicity in Brazil Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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99)

Use Figure 7-9 to answer the question. Describe the spatial distribution of African Americans in Baltimore and the processes that led to the 2010 distribution.

Answer: Answers may vary but should touch on the South North migration pulled by manufacturing jobs, the suburbanization of cities, white flight, blockbusting and unscrupulous behavior by real estate and banking agents.

Diff: 3 Section: 7.2: Internal Migration of African Americans Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 7.2.2: Describe the patterns of migration of African Americans within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 50 ..

100) Even though Black South Africans comprised 80 percent of the population, describe how the policies of apartheid treated the Black South Africans as foreigners in their own land. Why do you think these geographic patterns of separation persist more than 25 years after the end of apartheid?

Answer: South Africa's apartheid legislation assigned Blacks to puppet homelands within the country, and required passes for travel into and within South Africa. Freedom of movement was severely restricted without these papers. Even though Apartheid officially ended and there is now a democratically-elected Black government, people may find it difficult financially to move to other areas of the country, so they remain where members of their ethnicity are the majority (not in text; requires creative applied thinking).

Diff: 3 Section: 7.2: Ethnic & Racial Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 7.2.3b: Explain the laws once used to segregate races in South Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 101) Identify and explain the factors that resulted in the forced migration of 17 million people in South Asia during the late 1940s?

Answer: Answers may vary but should mention the partition of the territory into India and Pakistan on the basis of religion; people feared living under the rule of the dominant group; others reacted to signs of mob violence.

Diff: 3 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 102) Kurdistan is a nation without a state. Describe how the geography and spatial distribution of the Kurds in Asia challenges nationalism and discuss on the persistence of persecution they encounter across geographic boundaries.

Answer: Answers may vary but should touch on the distribution of the Kurdish population in Southwest Asia across 6 nation-states and the persecution by Turkey and Iraq.

Diff: 3 Section: 7.2: Dividing Ethnicities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 7.2.4: Describe how ethnicities can be divided among more than one nationality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 51 ..

103) The United Kingdom was formed through the union of independent nations. Identify the four prominent national groups included in the United Kingdom. Why you think these groups are permitted to compete in international sports tournaments as rival teams? What reasons might any one of these groups have for routing against England in these matches?

Answer: Northern Irish, Scottish, Welsh, and English; Given the history of British conquest of these groups, many of them have retained very strong ethnic identities despite being members of the United Kingdom. These individual nations within the UK make up their own world-class sports teams, in rugby for example, and feel stronger bonds to their own ethnic group than to that of England when they may be competing against a foreign rival.

Diff: 3 Section: 7.3: Ethnicities & Nationalities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 7.3.1: Explain the difference between ethnicities and nationalities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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104)

Use Figure 7-10 to answer the questions. Ethnicity is the source of conflict in many parts of Africa, including the genocide and ethnic cleansing that took place in the 1990s. Based on your knowledge of the history and geography of Rwanda and Burundi, a) explain the source of tension that can be traced to the end of the colonial era; b) describe the events that led to the ethnic cleansing and genocide in 1994; and c) discuss how the patterns of refugee migration out of Rwanda might be contributing to violence in nearby Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

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Answer: a) When Rwanda achieved independence from Belgium, the colonial administrators left the power in the hands of the Tutsi minority; b) Once democracy was installed, the Hutus gained power and ethnically cleansed the country of the Tutsi minority. This conflict resulted in retaliation by the Tutsi, and was supported by the Tutsi of neighboring Burundi. In spite of a power-sharing peace agreement, planes carrying the presidents of both countries (who were Hutus) were shot down, inciting the genocide that began in 1994; and c) refugees from the ethnic cleansing have settled in DRC to the northwest, where the former president Kabila manipulated the Tutsis and encouraged them to persecute the Hutus. Civil war in the DRC is thought to have claimed 5 million lives.

Diff: 3 Section: 7.4: Conflict in Central Africa Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 7.4.5: Identify the principal recent episodes of genocide in Central Africa Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 8 Political Geography 1) An area organized into an independent political unit is a A) colony.

B) nationality.

C) nation.

D) state.

E) territory.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Politics & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.1: Understand the difference between a state of the world and a state within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) Which statement is TRUE regarding countries of the world?

A) they are natural features B) there has been an average of 200 for the last century C) they are cultural features D) the UN decides who can become a country E) there is a minimum size in order to be considered a country Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Politics & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.1: Understand the difference between a state of the world and a state within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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3) The world's largest state is A) China.

B) Canada.

C) Russia.

D) Alaska.

E) India.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Politics & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.1: Understand the difference between a state of the world and a state within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 4) Extremely small states in the world are called A) island nations.

B) macrostates.

C) microstates.

D) small nation-states.

E) island-colonies.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Politics & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.1: Understand the difference between a state of the world and a state within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) The world's smallest state is A) Monaco.

B) Bahrain.

C) Andorra.

D) Vatican City.

E) Tuvalu.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Politics & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.1: Understand the difference between a state of the world and a state within the United States Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2 ..

6) Which term describes a state with control over its internal affairs, independent of outside influence?

A) centripetal B) nationality C) centrifugal D) sovereignty E) ethnicity Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 7) Sovereignty can sometimes be difficult to determine because A) borders change regularly in some parts of the world.

B) of ongoing disputes between some states as to the status of territory.

C) islands that are former colonies want to remain part of the colonizing country.

D) islands that are near several countries launch missiles to defend themselves.

E) states in the desert cannot determine national boundaries.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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8) Which country has built a sand wall around the disputed Sahrawi Republic?

A) Mauritania B) Mali C) Malawi D) Mozambique E) Morocco Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 9) Which three places claim sovereignty over The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands?

A) the Philippines, Indonesia, Australia B) Japan, Russia, The People's Republic of China C) the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Japan D) the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Australia E) the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Russia Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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10) Which pair of countries seeks to reunify, but disagree about the dominant political and economic ideology?

A) North and South Vietnam B) Moldova and Romania C) Lesotho and the Republic of South Africa D) Morocco and Sahrawi Republic E) North and South Korea Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 11) North and South Korea provide a good example of A) defeated states.

B) nation-states existing in a unified condition.

C) ethnicities divided between more than one state.

D) colonies divided between more than one ethnicity.

E) nuclear states.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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12) Disagreement over the sovereignty of Taiwan can be traced to A) an election won by the Nationalist government of China.

B) a declaration of independence made by the leaders of Taiwan.

C) the United States support of Taiwan instead of mainland China during WW II. D) an election won by the Communist government in China.

E) the United Nations recognition of Taiwan as the legitimate government of China.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 13) Which term describes a sovereign state comprised of an urban area and the surrounding countryside?

A) rural-state B) nation-state C) city-state D) primate-state E) homogeneous state Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Evolution of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.1: Summarize how states developed historically Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14) The Fertile Crescent played an important role in the evolution of states because A) it was developed near the Nile and Euphrates rivers.

B) it was instrumental in the rise of the Roman Empire.

C) it was the location of the first city-states in the Southwest Asia and the first large-scale agricultural project of sub-Saharan Africa.

D) it was the first known example of an empire run by nobles.

E) its geographical location and use of arable land made it home to the first city-states in the Southwest Asia.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Evolution of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.1: Summarize how states developed historically Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 6 ..

15) The first states in ancient Mesopotamia were A) city-states, that incorporated cities as well as their countryside.

B) colonies, which incorporated cities as well as their countryside.

C) empires, which incorporated dozens of unified colonies.

D) nation-states, which incorporated city-states, colonies, and empires.

E) patron-states ruled by sheiks.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Evolution of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.1: Summarize how states developed historically Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 16) The foremost example of political unity in the ancient Mediterranean world occurred in A) the Fertile Crescent.

B) Egypt.

C) the Roman Empire.

D) Western Europe.

E) the Alexandrian Empire.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Evolution of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.1: Summarize how states developed historically Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 17) The collapse of the Roman Empire resulted in which of the following outcomes?

A) outlawing control by emperors and the rise of democracy in Europe B) rapid rejection of kings and the establishment of a single European state C) republics formed by the consolidation of Roman territory with that of the Ottoman Empire D) territorial organization into smaller states that eventually evolved into empires E) dukes and other nobles retreating to the area now known as the United Kingdom Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Evolution of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.1: Summarize how states developed historically Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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18) The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves within a nation-state is known as A) independence.

B) nationalism.

C) universal suffrage.

D) self-determination.

E) sovereignty.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.2: Describe the modern development of nation states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 19) The first widespread use of the nation-state concept occurred in A) Mesopotamia.

B) the Roman Empire.

C) Western Europe.

D) the United States.

E) Southeast Asia.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.2: Describe the modern development of nation states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20) A nation-state differs from other states because A) nation-states result from migration.

B) nation-states have sovereignty.

C) a nation-state includes territory in the surrounding countryside.

D) a nation-state has national symbols while other types of states do not.

E) a nation-state has boundaries that correspond to a particular nation.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.2: Describe the modern development of nation states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8 ..

21) After World War II which European country was divided into a Democratic Republic and a Federal Republic?

A) the United Kingdom B) Czechoslovakia C) Yugoslavia D) Germany E) Poland Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.2: Describe the modern development of nation states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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22)

Use Figure 8-1 to answer the question. If nation-states are those with the least diversity, which of the following are the best examples?

A) Russia, the United States, and Argentina B) Brazil, Canada, and the United Kingdom C) China, Australia, and Japan D) India, Indonesia, and most of Sub-Saharan Africa E) European countries and Russia Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.2: Describe the modern development of nation states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 23) Which statement is TRUE regarding nation-state development in Europe?

A) Shared language was not taken into account in drawing nation-state boundaries.

B) The creation of nation-states was a goal of the Allies after WWII. C) The nation-states created at the Versailles Peace Conference still exist today.

D) The establishment of nation-states in Europe has ensured lasting peace.

E) Language was the primary factor in the designation of nation-states in this region.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 8.2: Nation-States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.2: Describe the modern development of nation states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 10 ..

24) The republics of the former Soviet Union were established based on A) economic contributions.

B) natural resources.

C) ethnicity.

D) religious values.

E) language.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Multinational States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.3: Describe challenges in creating nation-states in the former Soviet Union Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 25) After becoming an independent country Moldova sought ethnic reunification with A) Bulgaria.

B) Hungary.

C) Austria.

D) Romania.

E) Slovenia.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.3: Describe challenges in creating nation-states in the former Soviet Union Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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26) Which of the following is NOT true about the Baltic states?

A) Lithuanians are largely Roman Catholic.

B) Latvians are largely Lutheran with a significant Roman Catholic minority.

C) Most Estonians are Protestant.

D) In all three states, Russian has remained the official language.

E) Balto-Slavic and Uralic languages are the official languages in these states.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.3: Describe challenges in creating nation-states in the former Soviet Union Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 27) Which area experienced a Turkish-initiated genocide in the early twentieth century?

A) Azerbaijan B) Armenia C) Georgia D) Nagorno-Karabakh E) South Ossetia Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 8.2: Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.3: Describe challenges in creating nation-states in the former Soviet Union Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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28) Which set of countries correctly links the predominant ethnicity of the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave with the country in which it is currently located?

A) Georgia; Russia B) Moldova; Romania C) Armenia; Azerbaijan D) Azerbaijan; Georgia E) Armenia; Georgia Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.2: Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.3: Describe challenges in creating nation-states in the former Soviet Union Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 29) Which states that emerged from the Soviet Union after its dissolution in 1991 had NOT been part of the Soviet Union?

A) Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) B) eastern European states (Belarus, Moldova, and Ukraine) C) western European states (Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Romania) D) Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan) E) Caucasus states (Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia) Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.3: Describe challenges in creating nation-states in the former Soviet Union Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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30) Which of the following is NOT true about Russia's multinational state?

A) Nineteen percent of its non-Russian population is made up of 185 different ethnicities.

B) A mix of many ethnic groups are located along the borders with Mongolia and the Caucasus states.

C) Uralic-speaking and Turkic-speaking ethnicities are concentrated in the region between the Ural Mountains and the Volga River.

D) Russia's constitution grants autonomy in local governance to some of its major ethnic populations.

E) In order to maintain the primacy of the Russian language, Russia prohibits the designation of ethnic languages as official languages.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 8.2: Nation-States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.2.3: Describe challenges in creating nation-states in the former Soviet Union Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 31) This type of state contains more than one ethnicity with traditions of self-determination and self-government.

A) multi-linguistic state B) multinational state C) anocratic D) city-state E) fragile state Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Multinational States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.4: Explain Russia's status as a multinational state Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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32) Which states are among the world's largest multinational states?

A) Russia and the United States B) Australia and New Zealand C) Japan and Denmark D) Mexico and Russia E) Mexico and Japan Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Multinational States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.4: Explain Russia's status as a multinational state Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 33) Which country of the former Soviet Union has faced the greatest challenges to its territorial integrity due to its ethnic diversity?

A) Armenia B) Georgia C) Azerbaijan D) Moldova E) Belarus Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Multinational States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.4: Explain Russia's status as a multinational state Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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34) During the twenty-first century which of the following former Soviet countries is accused of using ethnic cleansing against minority groups within its borders?

A) Kazakhstan B) Uzbekistan C) Tajikistan D) Kyrgyzstan E) Turkmenistan Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Multinational States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.4: Explain Russia's status as a multinational state Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 35) Russia justified its annexation of Crimea by asserting A) Russia's rights to Ukraine's coal deposits.

B) Russia's interest in Ukraine's Black Sea tourist industry.

C) Ukraine's lack of response to the Chernobyl disaster in the 1980s.

D) the endangerment of the Russian minority in Ukraine.

E) Russia's interest in Crimea's oil deposits.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.2: Multinational States in the Former Soviet Union Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.2.4: Explain Russia's status as a multinational state Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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36) A territory legally tied to sovereign state rather than being completely independent is a A) nation.

B) state.

C) nation-state.

D) colony.

E) patron-state.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past; 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 37) The attempt by one country to impose political, economic, and cultural control over another territory is A) colonialism.

B) constitutionality.

C) self-determination.

D) sovereignty.

E) suffrage.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past; 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 38) All of the following identify a motive of European states in establishing colonies EXCEPT A) promote Christianity.

B) achieve personal or national glory.

C) right past wrongs committed against weaker nations.

D) search for riches such as gold and to obtain other natural resources.

E) expanding the power of their nation and ruler.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 17 ..

39) A list of uninhabited or autonomous island territories without full independence would NOT include A) Cuba.

B) Greenland.

C) Puerto Rico.

D) Hong Kong.

E) Midway Islands.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past; 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 40) This 1884 meeting resulted in Africa being carved into colonies controlled by European powers.

A) Versailles Peace Conference B) Berlin Conference C) France-Belgium Summit D) United Nations San Francisco Conference E) Africa-Europe Peace Summit Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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41)

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the question. Which of the following is a small British colony in the Pacific Ocean?

A) Hong Kong B) Pitcairn C) Puerto Rico D) San Marino E) St. Lucia Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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42)

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the question. Identify the British colony east of Argentina.

A) Gibraltar B) Saint Helena C) the British Virgin Islands D) the Falkland Islands E) Anguilla Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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43)

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the question. Identify the U.S. colony located east of the Philippines.

A) Palmyra B) Guam C) Jarvis Island D) Puerto Rico E) the U.S. Virgin Islands Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 44) Which of the following countries did NOT have overseas colonial possessions?

A) Belgium B) The United Kingdom C) Germany D) Finland E) Japan Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 21 ..

45) Which statement best describes the world's superpowers between the 1940s and 1980s?

A) The United States and the Soviet Union were superpowers for the first time.

B) The two superpowers were never involved in wars.

C) The number of superpowers became bipolar.

D) The superpowers had satellites.

E) The superpowers used religion to settle conflicts.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 46) Which of the following is NOT a permanent member of the UN Security Council?

A) China B) France C) Germany D) Russia E) United Kingdom Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 47) The cooperative efforts of the United Nations are PRIMARILY dedicated to A) international peacekeeping.

B) military operations.

C) economic treaties.

D) cultural exchange.

E) environmental management.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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48) Over the past 60 years, the number of sovereign states admitted to the United Nations has A) remained approximately the same.

B) increased by 30 countries.

C) decreased by 30 countries.

D) increased by more than 50 countries.

E) increased by more than 100 countries.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 49) Which global peace-keeping organization did the United Nations replace?

A) the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) B) the Warsaw Pact C) the Alliance for Peace D) the Organization of American States (OAS) E) the League of Nations Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 50) In the geopolitical sphere, a balance of power is A) a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing sides.

B) always bipolar but reinforced by satellite states.

C) a condition of unequal strength between opposing sides.

D) exemplified by a League of Nations or, in the post-World War II era, the United Nations.

E) the type of power shared by the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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51) Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement about the Cold War? A) The United States and the USSR were the only two remaining superpowers after WWII. B) The United States reinforced its political alliances and ideology through military intervention in Panama and Grenada.

C) Both the United States and the USSR established military bases and stationed troops in allied countries.

D) The Cuban Missile Crisis was negotiated and settled peacefully by the United Nations.

E) Countries in the Soviet bloc were described as satellites.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 52) Which of the following statements about the United Nations is NOT true?

A) The United Nations provides a forum for all member states to discuss conflicts rather than engage in warfare to solve problems.

B) The United Nations deploys international teams of peacekeepers to missions throughout the world.

C) The United Nations plays a role in addressing global economic problems.

D) The United Nations provides humanitarian aid and assistance.

E) The five permanent members of U.N. Security Council continue to vote as a bloc when major international decisions are made.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Global Cooperation & Competition Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.1: Describe the functions of the United Nations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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53) What are three essential ways democracies and autocracies differ?

A) longevity of regime, citizen participation, and adoption of free market economies B) selection of leaders, citizen participation, and checks and balances C) longevity of regime, checks and balances, and selection of leaders D) selection of leaders, adoption of free market economies, checks and balances E) longevity of regime, checks and balances, membership in the United Nations Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 54) Which term describes a country that is NOT fully autocratic or democratic?

A) bureaucracy B) totalitarian state C) kleptocracy D) plutocracy E) anocracy Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 55) Which of the following democracies represents a unitary state in which power is concentrated in the hands of the central government?

A) India B) France C) South Africa D) Russia E) the United States Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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56) Which type of state places the most power in the hands of a central government?

A) federal B) anocratic.

C) fragmented D) unitary E) compact Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 57) Which factor would NOT be used to explain the classification of many sub-Saharan African countries as fragile states?

A) high population growth and poor health B) poverty and unemployment C) alignment with the Soviet Union during the Cold War D) ethnic tensions and ethnic cleansing E) problematic shapes and colonial boundaries Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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58)

Use Figure 8-3, Regime Type, to answer the question. Which of the following regions has the most extensive area of democracy or full democracy?

A) The Pacific B) Russia and Central Asia C) Sub-Saharan Africa D) North and South America E) Europe Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

27 ..

59) Which of the following countries is a federal state in which power is allocated to local governments?

A) Rwanda B) France C) Kenya D) China E) Brazil Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 60) An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to A) grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation.

B) encourage the breakup of international military and economic alliances.

C) govern compact states more effectively.

D) deploy scarce resources efficiently.

E) accommodate right wing political parties and their demands for increased representation in national elections.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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61) Devices or technologies that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures, natural structures, or the biosphere are known as A) nuclear disasters.

B) chemical warfare.

C) commercial airliners used as weapons.

D) weapons of mass destruction.

E) weapons of biological warfare.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Weapons of Mass Destruction Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.3: Describe the distribution of nuclear weapons Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 62) Which would NOT appear on a list of countries that has developed, stockpiled, and tested nuclear weapons?

A) Russia B) France C) Libya D) The United States E) Pakistan Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Weapons of Mass Destruction Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.3: Describe the distribution of nuclear weapons Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

29 ..

63) Of the five nations who are not bound by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which is the only one to have tested nuclear weapons in the twenty-first century?

A) South Korea B) North Korea C) South Africa D) India E) Israel Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Weapons of Mass Destruction Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.3: Describe the distribution of nuclear weapons Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 64) The suspicion of development or ability to develop weapons of mass destruction has led to conflicts between the United States and A) Iran and Iraq.

B) Israel and Cuba.

C) Libya and South Africa.

D) Syria and South Sudan.

E) North Korea and China.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Weapons of Mass Destruction Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.3: Describe the distribution of nuclear weapons Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 65) The euro is a common currency used by A) all European states.

B) all members of the European Union.

C) the euro is used by 19 EU member states and 6 non-member states.

D) only member states are permitted to use the euro.

E) has been retired due to economic challenges in Spain and Greece.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Europe's Fragile Cooperation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.4: Describe the principal alliances in Europe Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 30 ..

66) Which of the following eurozone countries was the LEAST affected by the global recession of 2008?

A) Greece B) Ireland C) Italy D) France E) Spain Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Europe's Fragile Cooperation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.4: Describe the principal alliances in Europe Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 67) NATO membership expanded immediately after the dissolution of the USSR to include A) former Warsaw Pact countries.

B) the remaining colonies under British and U.S. control.

C) Cuba to avoid another missile crisis.

D) Switzerland, Austria, and Serbia.

E) Ireland, Sweden, and Finland.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Europe's Fragile Cooperation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.4: Describe the principal alliances in Europe Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 68) The European Union is important in global politics because A) its main objective is to promote development within member states through economic and political cooperation.

B) it has the power to consolidate all economic planning.

C) it relocates large urban populations to undeveloped rural areas in order to distribute development and wealth.

D) it negotiates restrictive immigration policies and reduces mobility within member states.

E) it established English as the national language of all member states.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Europe's Fragile Cooperation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.4: Describe the principal alliances in Europe Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 31 ..

69) The fragility of the European Union is best illustrated by a 2016 referendum that A) divided the United Kingdom into smaller provinces.

B) withdrew Brittany, a province of France, from the EU. C) set stringent standards for countries seeking to join the EU. D) supported the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU. E) planned to move the capital of the EU to London.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Europe's Fragile Cooperation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.4: Describe the principal alliances in Europe Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 70) Which of the following does NOT illustrate economic and political cooperation within the European Union?

A) subsidies to economically depressed areas B) simplified transfer of finished products among countries C) permitted, with a few exceptions citizens living in one country to work in another without political difficulty D) mandated that every member country adopt the euro its currency E) established a European Parliament with representatives elected by member states Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Europe's Fragile Cooperation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.4: Describe the principal alliances in Europe Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 71) Terrorism differs from assassinations and other acts of political violence because the attacks A) are never well coordinated.

B) are aimed at military targets or political leaders.

C) are aimed at ordinary people.

D) use only personal and improvised weapons.

E) are typically made without regard for political goals.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Attacks Against the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.5: Explain the concept of terrorism and cite U.S. examples Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 32 ..

72) An example of terrorism would NOT include A) a systematic use of violence by a group to create fear or coerce a government into actions it would not have taken.

B) a government imposing economic sanctions followed by a bombing strategy to coerce another government into behaving differently.

C) an attempt to reach objectives of the group through bombing, kidnapping, hijacking, or assassinations.

D) viewing violence as means to publicizing grievances.

E) attacks largely aimed at ordinary people rather than military targets.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Attacks Against the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.5: Explain the concept of terrorism and cite U.S. examples Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 73) Which of the following is a characteristic of terrorist acts within the United States?

A) They are restricted to foreigners inciting violence in another country.

B) They are only associated with al-Qaeda.

C) They are based on the belief that every citizen is responsible for the actions they oppose and are therefore legitimate targets.

D) There has been almost no terrorist attacks since the death of Osama bin Laden.

E) The frequency and accuracy of drone attacks has prevented new terrorist attacks.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Attacks Against the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.5: Explain the concept of terrorism and cite U.S. examples Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

33 ..

74) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States?

A) they resulted in nearly 3,000 civilian deaths B) they are attributed to the al-Qaeda network C) the victims were all inside the Twin Towers or the airplanes that crashed D) there were victims in multiple locations on the same day E) they were the deadliest attacks on U.S. soil Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Attacks Against the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.3.5: Explain the concept of terrorism and cite U.S. examples Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 75) Boko Haram seeks to turn which African country into an Islamic State?

A) Mali B) Nigeria C) Algeria D) Somalia E) Mauritania Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Organizations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.6: Identify the major terrorist organizations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 76) Which pairing of a term and with its definition is INCORRECT? A) Fatwa - religious decree B) Jihad - suicide C) Boko Haram - Western education is forbidden D) al-Qaeda - The Foundation E) Taliban - religious students Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Organizations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.6: Identify the major terrorist organizations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

34 ..

77)

Use Figure 8-4 to answer the question. Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the distribution of terror attacks?

A) The Islamic State is most active in Africa and al-Qaeda is active in the United States.

B) The region with the highest number of attacks is Europe.

C) Many of the largest attacks have been carried out by groups local to the target site.

D) Both al-Qaeda and the Islamic State are active throughout the world.

E) Westerners in Europe and North America are at the greatest risk of attack.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Organizations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.6: Identify the major terrorist organizations Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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78) This country eventually accepted responsibility for the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland and paid reparations to victims' families.

A) Iran B) Iraq C) Libya D) the Sudan E) North Korea Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Attacks Against the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.3.5: Explain the concept of terrorism and cite U.S. examples Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 79) In contrast to a boundary, a frontier is A) where a state exercises complete control.

B) a geographic area rather than a line.

C) the most common way separate states.

D) a region of ethnic conflict.

E) always the westernmost part of a state.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Cultural Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.1: Describe the types of cultural boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 80) Which of the following would NOT be considered a cultural boundary?

A) ethnic B) geometric C) religious D) linguistic E) geomorphic Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Cultural Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.1: Describe the types of cultural boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

36 ..

81) Which is a distinction between a frontier and a boundary?

A) A frontier is a tangible geographic area where a boundary is an infinitely thin line.

B) A frontier is uninhabited, and a boundary is densely populated.

C) A frontier is controlled by a coalition of states while a boundary is controlled by one state.

D) A frontier marks the ends of a territory while a boundary is dynamic in its representation of territory.

E) Most boundaries have been replaced by frontier zones.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Cultural Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.1: Describe the types of cultural boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 82) Which type of boundary coincides with significant features of the landscape?

A) geometric B) cultural C) physical D) relic E) linguistic Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Cultural Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.1: Describe the types of cultural boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 83) This island's capital is the only capital city in the world divided by an international ethnic boundary.

A) Crete B) Sardinia C) Sicily D) Cyprus E) Ireland Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Cultural Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.1: Describe the types of cultural boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 37 ..

84) Which example of a cultural boundary is NOT correct?

A) religious boundary between Ireland and Northern Ireland B) language used to draw boundaries for France, Spain, and Portugal C) religious boundary between Pakistan and India D) ethnic boundary between the Greek and Turkish areas of Cyprus E) ethnic boundary between the United States and Mexico Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Cultural Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.1: Describe the types of cultural boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 85) Which is NOT a feature of the physical environment used to separate states?

A) deserts B) forests C) mountains D) lakes E) rivers Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 86) Physical features are often used as boundaries between states because they A) are easily agreed upon between governments.

B) can be identified from space.

C) are permanent and never change location.

D) are easily recognized on maps and on the ground.

E) are the most reliable way to separate people.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 38 ..

87) The boundary between Argentina and Chile is an example of a A) frontier boundary.

B) geometric boundary.

C) mountain boundary.

D) water boundary.

E) desert boundary.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 88) The eastern part of the border between the United States and Mexico is demarcated by A) the Rio Grande River.

B) the Gulf of Mexico.

C) the Mojave desert.

D) the Mississippi River.

E) the Rocky Mountains.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

39 ..

89) The role of the International Boundary and Water Commission administered by the U.S. and Mexican governments is to A) restore the original border agreement intent by physically altering the flow of the Rio Grande.

B) replace physical boundaries with geometric boundaries to simplify immigration processes.

C) build and monitor a wall between the two countries.

D) ensure pollution controls and water sustainability.

E) renegotiate borders after changes in the course of the Rio Grande.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 90) Which is NOT true about the Law of the Sea? A) It identifies territorial waters up to 12 nautical miles as under a state's control.

B) It identifies international waters not subject to a single state's control.

C) It ensures free trade by classifying internal shoreline waters as international.

D) It identifies a state's sole right to resources within its exclusive economic zone.

E) It identifies a contiguous zone in which a state may enforce pollution controls and levy taxes for its use.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

40 ..

91)

Use Figure 8-5 to answer the question. Which statement best illustrates Australia's territorial zones?

A) Australia's access to exclusive fishing rights is limited by the proximity of other nations.

B) Australia's coastal waters include the continent, but none of its islands.

C) Australia's exclusive economic zone is extensive allowing for resource exploitation of both coastal and deep-water regions.

D) Australia's Territorial Sea Baseline has been eroded in some regions, causing loss of income.

E) Because Australia is the most populous country in the Pacific it has greater access to a larger variety of ocean resources.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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92) The U.S.-Canadian border was established A) in its entirety by the Oregon Treaty of 1846.

B) in its entirety along the 49th parallel.

C) as an isogloss demarcating speech variations between Canada and the United States.

D) without longitudinal geometric borders.

E) through a series of treaties between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Geometric Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing; Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.3: Describe the types of geometric boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 93) The type of boundary between the United States and Canada is best described as A) geometric and latitudinal.

B) linguistic and religious.

C) water and linguistic.

D) mountain and water.

E) water and geometric.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Geometric Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.3: Describe the types of geometric boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments. on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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94)

Use Figure 8-6 to answer the question. The shape and size of the Aouzou Strip make it an example of which type of boundary?

A) mountain boundary B) physical boundary C) geometric boundary D) mathematical frontier E) perforated boundary Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Geometric Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.3: Describe the types of geometric boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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95) The only large land mass NOT part of a sovereign state is A) Antarctica.

B) Australia.

C) Greenland.

D) Siberia.

E) Alaska Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Geometric Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.3: Describe the types of geometric boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 96) Which of the following is NOT a major contrast between claims to the Arctic and claims to the Antarctic?

A) Even though there are over-lapping claims to portions of the Arctic, some parts of Antarctica are unclaimed by any nation.

B) Claims in the Arctic are based on proximity whereas in Antarctica they are based on geometric lines.

C) The deadline for making claims to the Arctic was 2009 whereas claims to the Antarctic are negotiated through the Antarctic Treaty.

D) Claims in the Arctic are not contested whereas claims in Antarctica are recognized by the United States and Russia.

E) The main purpose of claims in Antarctica is for research purposes whereas conflict in the Arctic will most likely be over economic potential.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Geometric Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.3: Describe the types of geometric boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

44 ..

97) The Germans established the Caprivi Strip in present-day Namibia to access resources in central Africa, including the Zambezi River. Based on this border adjustment, what is the shape of Namibia?

A) compact B) elongated C) fragmented D) perforated E) prorupted Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 98) Which is NOT a disadvantage of a landlocked state?

A) dependence on other states to transport goods B) higher cost of goods due to lack of direct access to the sea for shipping and trade C) expense of building railroads and highways to send and receive goods D) vulnerability of having supplies cut off by another country E) less money spent on defense of seaports Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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99) Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a small state?

A) compact B) elongated C) fragmented D) prorupted E) perforated Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

46 ..

100)

Use Figure 8-7 to answer the question. Which country has an elongated shape?

A) Libya B) Central African Republic C) Algeria D) Malawi E) Sudan

47 ..

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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101)

Use Figure 8-7 to answer the question. Which country has a prorupted shape?

A) Algeria B) Lesotho C) Democratic Republic of Congo D) the Gambia E) São Tome and Principe

49 ..

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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102)

Use Figure 8-7 to answer the question. Which state is perforated by Lesotho?

A) Madagascar B) Mozambique C) South Sudan D) South Africa E) Zimbabwe

51 ..

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

52 ..

103)

Use Figure 8-7 to answer the question. Which country is the best example of a fragmented state?

A) Namibia B) Tanzania C) Somalia D) Madagascar E) Gabon

53 ..

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 104) Elongated states may suffer from poor internal communication and difficulty defending borders. Which of the following is NOT an elongated state?

A) Malawi B) Gambia C) Botswana D) Chile E) Italy Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Shapes of States Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.4: Describe the five shapes of states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 105) Which statement about the practice of gerrymandering is correct?

A) It is only done by Democrats to ensure control of the House.

B) It is only done by Republicans to ensure Congress is ineffective.

C) It is a Republican process to ensure control by the wealthy elite.

D) It is the redrawing of legislative boundaries to the advantage of one party over the other.

E) It is the redrawing of legislative boundaries to ensure federal funds are distributed to those who need them the most.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

54 ..

106) The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power is called A) gerrymandering.

B) stacking votes.

C) hanging chads.

D) redlining.

E) blockbusting.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 107) The form of gerrymandering that results in like-minded voters spread across many districts, making them a minority, is known as A) cracking.

B) rightwing districting.

C) the stacked vote.

D) packing.

E) excess vote wasting.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 108) This gerrymandering strategy concentrates opposition voters into a small number of districts, allowing the party in power to gain control of numerous other districts such as A) packing.

B) disenfranchising.

C) stacked vote.

D) wasted vote.

E) excess vote cracking.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 55 ..

109)

Use Figure 8-8 to answer the question. Identify the form of gerrymandering presented here.

A) wasted vote B) packing C) excess vote D) cracking E) contested vote Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 110) This form of gerrymandering has been particularly attractive for creating voting areas inclined to elect ethnic minorities.

A) packing districts B) contested districts C) cracking districts D) dividing districts E) suburban districts Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 56 ..

111) Which of the following U.S. states was judged by the Washington Post to be the most gerrymandered?

A) North Dakota B) South Dakota C) Wyoming D) North Carolina E) Kentucky Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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112)

Use Figure 8-9 to answer the question. Which of the following is NOT a reason for gerrymandered districts in Texas?

A) liberal-leaning service workers split among Dallas suburbs B) conservative-leaning oil workers packed into 2 rural western districts C) Democratic-voting Hispanics packed into one elongated district D) liberal-leaning university employees and Hispanics cracked near Houston E) city dwellers of color cracked among conservative suburban districts

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Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 113) Several states recognize gerrymandering as a serious problem. Which of the following would NOT be a possible solution?

A) Entrust the drawing of legislative districts to the state legislature.

B) Send the issue to the State Supreme Court for a decision.

C) Apply GIS to create more balanced geographical districts.

D) Hold a referendum in the state that allows voters to select a process.

E) Amend the state constitution to enact legal guidelines for district formation.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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114)

The People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and Japan contest the sovereignty of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands. a) Identify the location of the contested islands. b) Identify and explain the source of the dispute and describe its current status. c) Explain how the mandates of the Law of Sea are challenged with this type of international conflict.

Answer: Answers may vary. a) The islands are located in the East China Sea; b) the controversy dates to Japan's seizure of the islands in 1895, which they claim was undisputed by China. Currently both China and Japan have air defense established on the islands; and c) The Law of the Sea is an attempt to pre-empt conflict between nations, so this overlapping territory contradicts the mandates. Disputes should be taken to a tribunal for the Law of the Sea or to the International Court of Justice for resolution before violence breaks out.

Diff: 3 Section: 8.1: Challenges in Defining States; 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.1.2: Explain why it is difficult to determine whether some of Earth's land areas are sovereign states; 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 60 ..

115) The colonial era lasted for hundreds of years and resulted in geographical boundaries visible today in Africa. Discuss the motivations for the development of colonies and the impact of imposed boundaries on former colonial possessions, Identify and explain any lasting issues associated with the shapes of these states.

Answer: Examples include the search for glory, economic benefits through exploitation of human and natural resources, and the spread of Christianity. The boundaries were imposed just 200 years ago at the Berlin Conference, with territories divided up between European nations with little regard to the language or ethnic distribution of people within those territories, and also resulted in many awkward shapes of states such as Gambia (elongated), DRC (prorupted) and many landlocked countries such as Botswana, Rwanda and Uganda. These multiethnic states still have many conflicts within their borders that have resulted in violence in some places, and many struggle to develop due to uneven distribution of power and resources, sometimes in relation to the former colonial power.

Diff: 3 Section: 8.2: Colonies Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.2.5: Explain the concept of colonies and describe their current distribution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 116) Geographers have noted an international trend away from unitary towards federal forms of government. a) Define federal government and contrast it with a unitary form. b) Identify what size of country in which each system might work best. c) Discuss why you think this is a growing trend in the twenty-first century.

Answer: a) A federal system decentralizes control in favor of strong powers permitted in local units. Unitary systems emphasize central control in the hands of a national government; b) federal systems are more practical in large countries while unitary systems are a better match for small states; and c) trends reflect the rise in ethnic identity under globalization and the need to protect the rights of nationalities by placing more power at governmental levels closest to the people. (May also reference examples of multiethnic states.)

Diff: 3 Section: 8.3: Governing States Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.3.2: Explain differences among three regime types Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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117) In addition to the events of September 11, 2001, identify two foreign terrorist attacks on U.S. soil and two domestic terrorist attacks by American citizens on U.S. soil.

Answer: Two foreign attacks: World Trade Center 1993 & Kenya/Tanzania Embassies in 1998 Two domestic attacks by U.S. citizens: multiple examples from Las Vegas to Orlando to Charleston to Oklahoma City etc.

Diff: 3 Section: 8.3: Terrorist Attacks Against the United States Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.3.5: Explain the concept of terrorism and cite U.S. examples Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 118) Cyprus is an island divided between two ethnicities. Imagine that you are chosen to lead a UN effort to bring lasting peace to the island. What would your first priorities be? How would you begin to implement changes? Be sure to identify the 2 ethnicities.

Answer: Turkish; Greek. Answers will include a description of the UN buffer zone and how, while it initially brought peace, it has led to an island with two separate nationalities with less and less contact. Bringing lasting peace will begin with further destruction of the wall, which allows for greater interaction, economic and cultural exchange, and understanding. The fact that the entire country is a member of the EU means they have the ability and common goal of working together.

Diff: 3 Section: 8.4: Cultural Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.4.1: Describe the types of cultural boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 119) Why are rivers and deserts used as physical boundaries? How can these either reduce or increase the likelihood of potential conflicts between states?

Answer: Answers may vary but should note that they are dynamic boundaries and shift course or grow and thus would require some sort of political negotiation.

Diff: 3 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 62 ..

120) Scientists are observing a rapid decrease in polar ice due to global warming. How might a warming climate affect national claims to land and resources in Antarctic and Arctic areas? How might the states of the world best address those changing claims?

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to existing claims on the Antarctic and oil exploration in Arctic. Answers should also speak to the "Law of the Sea" mandates.

Diff: 3 Section: 8.4: Physical Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.4.2: Describe types of physical boundaries between states Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 121) In the United States, only one-tenth of the congressional seats are considered competitive and the current incumbents are frequently re-elected. Identify the practice that has created this situation, explain how it operates, and identify what can be done to remedy it.

Answer: Gerrymandering, a process by which legislative districts, drawn by the political party in power at the state level, "pack" or "crack" opposition party voters into fewer districts, ensuring re-election of their party's candidate. Some states have taken steps to reduce this impact of unfair representation by holding referendums, setting up bi-partisan commissions, challenging decisions in the Supreme Court, or amending state constitutions.

Diff: 3 Section: 8.4: Electoral Geography; 8.4: Redrawing Boundaries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 8.4.5: Explain the practice of gerrymandering and ways in which it is done; 8.4.6: Describe approaches to reducing gerrymandering Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 13: How the forces of cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 9 Food & Agriculture 1) Which of the following factors provides a dramatic contrast in food consumption between developed and developing countries?

A) mechanization of agriculture B) cultural preference C) efficiency of shipping D) climate suitable to grow food E) money to purchase food Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) Which factors best account for the variation in farming practices and production around the world?

A) cultural and environmental B) cultural and economic C) farmers' personal preference and environmental change D) weather and climate E) technology and climate change Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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3) Dietary energy consumption is best defined as A) the number of calories in a meal.

B) the amount of energy absorbed per calorie.

C) the number of calories in relation to diet.

D) the amount of food that an individual consumes.

E) the average food consumption worldwide per day.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 4) Which statement is TRUE regarding global food supply and demand?

A) Most people on average consume less than the recommended calories per day.

B) Food production has increased in sub-Saharan Africa, eliminating hunger.

C) Hunger is more prevalent than obesity in the United States.

D) The U.N. measures consumption of more calories as proof of a healthy diet.

E) The threat of starvation persists in sub-Saharan Africa despite increased crop production.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 5) Which of the following foods is likely to make the "Dirty Dozen" list of crops with high levels of pesticides?

A) almonds B) asparagus C) spinach D) oranges E) carrots Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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6) The term "clean 15" refers to A) a U.S. river clean-up program.

B) a list of the world's least polluted lakes.

C) produce that requires serious cleaning because of pesticides.

D) produce that contains the least amount of pesticides.

E) the top 15 organic farms in the United States.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 7)

Use the map in Figure 9-1 to answer the question. Based on the map's caloric consumption data in 2013 people in which countries are likely to experience undernourishment in 2020?

A) Kenya, Iraq, and India B) Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and Brazil C) Ethiopia, Madagascar, and South Africa D) Ghana, Mexico, and Brazil E) Bolivia, Guatemala, and Ecuador Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 3 ..

8) The term used to describe a situation in which a person is able to access healthy and affordable food on a regular basis is A) affluence.

B) food security.

C) social security.

D) food desert.

E) nourishment.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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9)

Use Figure 9-2 to answer the question. In which region has there been a recent decrease in the number of undernourished?

A) Southeast Asia B) South Asia C) East Asia D) Sub-Saharan Africa E) Southwest Asia & North Africa Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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10) Farmers in developed and developing countries share which of the following problems?

A) access to fertilizers B) limited profitability C) lack of equipment D) surplus production E) the declining importance of world markets Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment; 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 11) According to the U.N., which is NOT considered as a factor contributing to high food prices?

A) use of crops as biofuels instead of for food B) higher demand for food in places such as China and India C) poor weather in major crop-growing regions D) demand in wealthy countries for exotic and unique food choices E) declining growth in productivity overall Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 12) The greatest challenge to world food supply has been A) drought.

B) global warming.

C) military conflict.

D) food prices.

E) limited labor.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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13) Dietary energy consumption that is continuously below that needed for a healthy life and the ability to carry out light physical activity is known as A) starvation.

B) obesity.

C) undernourishment.

D) dieting.

E) fast food consumption.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14) In which region of the world does the threat of famine persist today?

A) Southeast Asia B) South Asia C) Horn of Africa and the Sahel D) Congo River Basin E) Central America Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 15) Given that people in countries such as Sweden, Finland, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Germany spend less than 20% of their income on food, which of the following is also likely to be TRUE? A) People in these countries experience undernourishment.

B) People in these countries generally have food security.

C) An increase in food prices would have a significant impact on food security in these countries.

D) People in these countries have lower incomes.

E) These countries lack mechanized food industries.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 7 ..

16)

Use Figure 9-3 to answer the question. In which countries do people spend more than 40 percent of average income on food?

A) Algeria, Syria, Madagascar, and Laos B) Syria, Iraq, Laos, Mexico, and Canada C) Syria, Malawi, Kenya, Australia, and Madagascar D) Madagascar, Mexico, Brazil, Guatemala, Syria, and Laos E) Laos, Cuba, Brazil, and Madagascar Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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17)

Refer to Figure 9-3 to answer the question. Which statement best describes why a choropleth map presenting data at the country level might be misleading?

A) Even in developed countries where the average person spends less than 20 percent of their income on food, inequalities of income may be great enough for many people to remain undernourished.

B) In developed countries where the average person spends less than 20 percent of their income on food, the average upper-class person may spend more than 40 percent of their income on food.

C) Even in developed countries where the average person spends less than 20 percent of their income on food, less food is available than in developing countries.

D) Even in developing countries where the average person spends more than 40 percent of their income on food, wealthy people must also spend more than 40 percent of their income on food.

E) In developed countries where the average person spends more than 40 percent of their income on food, other prices are so low that undernourishment is hardly ever a problem.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Section: 9.1: Global Agriculture & Undernourishment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.2: Describe the distribution of undernourishment Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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18) More than 40% of all dietary energy consumption worldwide is based on grains, which are defined as A) kernels of corn and grains of rice.

B) seeds from grasses such as wheat, corn, and rice.

C) roots of domesticated plants such as potatoes and carrots.

D) seeds from flowers and harvested nuts.

E) beans and other cereals.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Source of Nutrients Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.3: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in source of nutrients Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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19)

Use Figure 9-4 to answer the question. In which set of countries is maize the leading source of energy?

A) Ethiopia, Mexico, and Botswana B) Ethiopia, Iran, and India C) Ethiopia, Sudan, and South Africa D) Mexico, Peru, and Brazil E) Mexico, Canada, and the United States Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Source of Nutrients Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.3: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in source of nutrients Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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20) The fact that meat accounts for one-third of all protein intake in developed countries but only one-tenth in developing ones suggests A) developing nations are vegetarians by choice.

B) there is a cultural taboo against meat in developing nations.

C) developed nations can afford more meat per capita.

D) developing nations do not have sufficient grazing land.

E) developed nations do not produce sufficient grains to replace meat consumption.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.1: Source of Nutrients Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.3: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in source of nutrients Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 21)

Use Figure 9-5 to answer the question. Countries in which at least 40% of protein comes from meat would include A) Brazil, Canada, Russia.

B) Ethiopia, Iran, and India.

C) Argentina, Australia, and South Africa.

D) Brazil, Australia, and India.

E) Brazil, Canada, and India.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Source of Nutrients Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.3: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in source of nutrients Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 12 ..

22)

Use Figure 9-6 to answer the question. As demonstrated in this map of worldwide protein sources, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Nations in the northern hemisphere get most of their protein from cereals.

B) Sweden and Japan have a shortage of protein in the diet.

C) Developing countries have a high demand for meat products.

D) Cereals make up the largest protein source for most developing countries.

E) Europeans eat too much meat.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Source of Nutrients Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.1.3: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in source of nutrients Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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23) Which statement is TRUE regarding societies that practice hunting and gathering?

A) They make up about 15 percent of the world's people.

B) They are mostly on the peripheral of world settlement.

C) They tend to establish large settlements of about 500 people.

D) They occur nearly everywhere but are especially common in Europe.

E) They are responsible for most of the environmental degradation of the planet.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 24) The direction and frequency of hunter-gatherer migration is largely determined by A) the movement of game and the seasonal growth of plants.

B) the shifting of climate patterns.

C) the arrival of imperial armies and other invading forces.

D) each group's size and the ability to run over long distances.

E) availability of fresh water.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 25) Pigs were first domesticated in the agricultural hearth located in A) Southeast Asia.

B) Latin America.

C) Sub-Saharan Africa.

D) East Asia.

E) Southwest Asia.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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26) Which statement correctly describes hunting and gathering?

A) After the invention of agriculture, all humans continued to obtain food this way.

B) After the fall of the Soviet Union, this form of nomadism disappeared in the late 1900s.

C) Because of industrialization and the modernization of agriculture, this form of subsistence disappeared in the mid-1900s.

D) Because of the need for a division of labor, hunter gatherers cannot survive when living in groups of less than 100 people.

E) Despite the modernization of agriculture in some areas, this form of subsistence is still practiced.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 27) Which is the best possible explanation for the development of agriculture?

A) Population growth provided a surplus of labor specializing in the planting of crops.

B) The end of the ice age resulted in more land available for farming.

C) A combination of changing gender roles and social classes provided suitable conditions to domesticate plants.

D) A combination of environmental and cultural factors supported plant cultivation.

E) Extinction of animals that had been hunted required new food sources.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 28) Potatoes were domesticated in the agricultural hearth located in A) Southeast Asia.

B) Southwest Asia.

C) Sub-Saharan Africa.

D) East Asia.

E) Latin America.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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29) Lima beans were domesticated in the agricultural hearth of A) Southeast Asia.

B) Southwest Asia.

C) Sub-Sahara Africa.

D) Central Asia.

E) Latin America.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 30) The earliest known domesticated wheat, barley, and rice crops are thought to have originated in Asia about A) 10,000 years ago.

B) 100,000 years ago.

C) 1.1 million years ago.

D) 1,000 years ago.

E) 10 million years ago.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31) The diffusion of plants and animals following the discovery of the Americas is known as A) New World diffusion.

B) the global exchange.

C) triangular trade.

D) the Columbian Exchange.

E) the agricultural revolution.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

16 ..

32) Which of the following was NOT an agricultural hearth?

A) Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia B) Yangtze River Valley in East Asia C) Andean Mountains in Latin America D) Latin America's Mexico's highlands E) South Africa Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

17 ..

33)

Use Figure 9-7 to answer the question. Which link between domesticated plants and their hearths is CORRECT? A) yams, sorghum, coffee, and cowpeas -Sub-Saharan Africa B) maize, potatoes, squash, and taro - Latin America C) potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, and sorghum - East Asia D) coconuts, pigeon peas, cowpeas, and coffee - Southeast Asia E) soybeans, rice, squash, coconuts, and sorghum - Central Asia Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

18 ..

34)

Use Figure 9-7 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE? A) Llamas, alpacas, and turkeys were domesticated in the Americas.

B) Emmer wheat, goats, and olives were domesticated in western Europe.

C) Pigs, goats, and sheep were domesticated in the Americas.

D) Chickens were domesticated in the Americas.

E) Horses were domesticated in the Americas.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

19 ..

35)

Use Figure 9-7 to answer the question. The development of agriculture took place over many centuries. Which statement is TRUE? A) Llamas, alpacas, and turkeys were domesticated in North America more than 7,000 years ago.

B) Cattle and goats were domesticated in Southwest Asia less than 9,000 years ago.

C) Pigs, goats, and sheep were domesticated in Southwest Asia more than 9,000 years ago.

D) Chickens were domesticated in Sub-Saharan Africa less than 7,000 years ago.

E) Horses were domesticated in Central Asia more than 3,000 years ago.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Invention of Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.2.1: Summarize the origin of agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

20 ..

36)

Use Figure 9-8 to answer the question. In which set of countries will you find more than 50% of the labor force engaged in agriculture?

A) Kenya, Tanzania, and Botswana B) Afghanistan, Iran, and Iraq C) Kenya, Namibia, and South Africa D) Madagascar, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe E) Chad, Libya, and Egypt Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 37) The food industry accounts for 21 million jobs in the United States, but the percentage of the population who are farmers is only A) .5%.

B) 1%.

C) 2.8%.

D) 4%.

E) 5%.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 21 ..

38) Subsistence agriculture is characterized by A) a small number of farmers in comparison to farmland.

B) even distribution across developed countries.

C) small farm size producing just enough to feed a family.

D) labor-saving technology.

E) large plantations focused on cash crops.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 39) The decline in the number of farmers in developed countries such as the United States and Canada can best be explained as a consequence of A) push/pull economic factors, including the lack of opportunity in rural areas and higher-paying jobs in urban areas.

B) urban sprawl, including the development of rings of suburbs and exurbs around major metropolitan areas, which required larger amounts of farm production.

C) push/pull economic factors, including greater opportunities in rural areas and lower-paying jobs in urban areas.

D) the increase of populations in urban areas and the reduced population in rural areas.

E) the spread of disease and starvation in rural areas, which quickly reduced the population of farmers.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

22 ..

40) In 1940 the number of farms in the United States was 6 million which declined by 1980 to A) 2 million.

B) 5.5 million.

C) 10 million.

D) 1 million.

E) 20,000.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 41) Which of the following have aided commercial farmers in developed countries?

A) transportation improvements and sea-level rise B) scientific advances and a reduced need for electronics C) ancient irrigation projects retrofitted for modern farming D) transportation improvements, scientific advances, and electronics E) climate change, scientific advances, and transportation improvements Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

23 ..

42)

Use Figure 9-8 to answer the question. Which of conclusion about the distribution of types of agriculture and development is supported by the information in the map?

A) Countries with high employment in agriculture are also highly developed.

B) More commercial farming takes place in the tropics.

C) Countries with lower percentages employed in agriculture tend to be more developed.

D) Countries with large populations also have fewer farmers.

E) Subsistence farmers are cut off from world markets.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 43) Which of the following would NOT be a successful strategy for a commercial farmer in a developed country?

A) reducing farm size by selling land to pay debts on machinery B) investing in combines and other machinery C) converting additional land to irrigated crops D) renting more land from nearby farmers E) using GPS-enabled equipment for precise planting and harvesting Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 24 ..

44) Which of the following forms the basis of geographer Derwent Whittlesey's division of the world into eleven agricultural regions?

A) amount of precipitation during wet and dry seasons B) distribution of temperatures based on longitude C) specific crops associated with each of the climate zones D) types of agriculture practiced in developed and developing countries E) degree of use of agricultural machinery and technology Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Agricultural Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.1: Describe agricultural regions and their relationships to climate regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 5: That people create regions to interpret Earth's complexity Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

25 ..

45)

Use Figure 9-9 to answer the question. The type of agriculture practiced by the largest proportion of farmers in Asia is A) hunting and gathering.

B) intensive subsistence.

C) pastoral nomadism.

D) shifting cultivation.

E) plantation agriculture.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Agricultural Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.1: Describe agricultural regions and their relationships to climate regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

26 ..

46)

Use Figure 9-9 to answer the question. Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of central Africa?

A) mixed crop and livestock B) shifting cultivation C) pastoral nomadism D) intensive subsistence E) plantation Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Agricultural Regions & Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.1: Describe agricultural regions and their relationships to climate regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

27 ..

47)

Use Figure 9-9 to answer the question. Which type of agriculture occupies the largest percentage of southeastern China?

A) mixed crop and livestock B) intensive subsistence C) shifting cultivation D) pastoral nomadism E) plantation Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Agricultural Regions & Climate Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.1: Describe agricultural regions and their relationships to climate regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

28 ..

48)

Use Figure 9-9 to answer the question. Which type of agricultural practice is NOT found in or near tropical regions?

A) mixed crop and livestock B) intensive subsistence C) shifting cultivation D) grain E) plantation Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Agricultural Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.1: Describe agricultural regions and their relationships to climate regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 49) Which type of agriculture is practiced by the largest percentage of the world's people?

A) hunting and gathering B) shifting cultivation C) pastoral nomadism D) intensive subsistence E) plantation Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 29 ..

50) The terms sawah and paddy are most closely associated with A) crop rotation.

B) wet rice cultivation.

C) wheat winnowing.

D) cattle grazing.

E) double cropping.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 51) Which of the following is a way intensive subsistence agriculture differs from shifting cultivation?

A) smaller farms B) lower population densities C) greater use of animal power D) more diversified cropping E) greater use of land in rainforests Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions; 9.3.3 Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity tropical regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 52) Which of the following is generally NOT a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?

A) preparing and terracing fields with a plow drawn by oxen B) flooding the plowed field with water C) growing seedlings in a nursery D) transplanting seedlings into the flooded field E) machine harvesting and winnowing Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 30 ..

53) The most important reason why most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice is A) cultural preference.

B) tradition.

C) climate and low levels of precipitation in the summer.

D) soil.

E) harvesting wet rice requires expensive machinery.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 54) To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice A) double cropping.

B) transhumance.

C) threshing.

D) pastoral nomadism.

E) shifting cultivation.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 55) What is the purpose of crop rotation?

A) maintaining fresh products for market B) maintaining price supports C) maintaining the fertility of fields D) responding to shifting consumer preference E) reducing transportation costs Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31 ..

56)

Use Figure 9-10 to answer the question. Between 10 and 99 million metric tons of rice are produced annually in A) Brazil, Japan, and the United States.

B) China and India.

C) Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

D) Brazil, Thailand, and China.

E) the United States, China, and India.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 57) Which type of agriculture is found primarily in less developed countries?

A) Mediterranean B) shifting cultivation C) truck farming D) commercial gardening E) mechanized Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Shifting Cultivation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.3: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity tropical regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

32 ..

58) In which climate region is shifting cultivation is most commonly found?

A) tropical B) dry C) warm mid-latitude D) cold mid-latitude E) highlands Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Shifting Cultivation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.3: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity tropical regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) Which is a characteristic of shifting cultivation?

A) Land is cleared by tractors or large work crews.

B) Debris is mulched to provide the soil with nutrients.

C) A new site is designated every 50 years.

D) Swidden areas not under cultivation are used for logging operations.

E) A new site is established every few years.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Shifting Cultivation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.3: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity tropical regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 60) Shifting cultivation modifies the land differently than other intensive agricultural practices, in all the following ways EXCEPT A) shifting cultivation uses the same swidden year after year, depleting soil nutrients.

B) shifting cultivation may mix a variety of plants in a small area.

C) shifting cultivation may incorporate existing trees or be arranged in a circular pattern.

D) shifting cultivation may involve setting the forest on fire.

E) shifting cultivation protects the soil because large machines are not used.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Shifting Cultivation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.3: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity tropical regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

33 ..

61) In spite of the number of people engaged in shifting agriculture, and the many years it has been practiced, which of the following factors threatens its future?

A) people abandoning agriculture in the tropics to move to the city B) restrictions placed on slash and burn practices C) the way of life is being replaced by growing cash crops or logging D) it was never sustainable as it damages the land because it is primitive E) the application of fertilizers makes it obsolete Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Shifting Cultivation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.3: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity tropical regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 62) In which climate region is pastoral nomadism is most commonly found?

A) the tropics B) dry regions C) warm mid-latitude D) cold mid-latitude E) polar regions Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Pastoral Nomadism & Plantations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.4: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity dry regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 63) The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures is A) pastoral nomadism.

B) transmigration.

C) transhumance.

D) practiced primarily in the tropics.

E) livestock ranching.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Pastoral Nomadism & Plantations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.4: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity dry regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

34 ..

64) Unlike other forms of commercial agriculture, plantations are A) part of agribusiness.

B) owned by day laborers in less developed countries.

C) found primarily in less developed countries.

D) situated in densely populated locations.

E) found primarily in more developed countries.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Pastoral Nomadism & Plantations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.4: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity dry regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 65) Unlike the most common form of agriculture in the tropics, plantations A) are family-owned and run.

B) are highly mechanized.

C) produce food for subsistence farmers.

D) typically produce just one crop on a large scale.

E) have a diversified work force.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Pastoral Nomadism & Plantations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.4: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity dry regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 66) In the warm mid-latitude climate of southeastern China, which form of agriculture is dominant?

A) shifting cultivation B) intensive subsistence with wet rice dominant C) pastoral nomadism D) intensive subsistence with wet rice not dominant E) plantation agriculture Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Pastoral Nomadism & Plantations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.4: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity dry regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

35 ..

67) Despite its adaption to dry climates, nomadism is declining due to A) a shortage of animals.

B) the preference for and availability of cheap imported foods.

C) a reduced need to transport goods and information across long distances.

D) government pressure to increase migration distances.

E) desert-based terrorist groups.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Pastoral Nomadism & Plantations Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.4: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity dry regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68) Which statement is TRUE regarding fish as a food source?

A) Fishing and aquaculture date back to pre-historic times.

B) Fishing has historically been a major source of food for humans.

C) Human population growth exceeds the increase in fish consumption.

D) Ocean fishing supplies catches sufficient to match the global increase in fish consumption.

E) Fish and seafood account for only 1% of calories consumed by humans worldwide.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Fishing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.5: Describe the contribution of fishing to the world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 69) Which outcome is NOT a likely result of fish production and consumption by humans?

A) An increase in global consumption to above 141 million metric tons of seafood and fish.

B) Expanded fishing and consumption levels by developed countries.

C) A doubling of per capita consumption in the last 50 years.

D) Overfishing and depletion of ocean fish species.

E) Harvests from the oceans used as fertilizer and food for hogs.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Fishing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.5: Describe the contribution of fishing to the world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

36 ..

70)

Use Figure 9-11 to answer the question. Between 10 and 20 million tons of aquatic catch are taken annually from the A) northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean.

B) northwestern part of the Atlantic Ocean.

C) southeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean.

D) Antarctic section of the Atlantic Ocean.

E) eastern central part of the Pacific Ocean.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Fishing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.5: Describe the contribution of fishing to the world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

37 ..

71)

Use Figure 9-11 to answer the question. Fishing done in the northwestern Pacific Ocean annually contributes A) more than 20 million tons of aquatic catch.

B) 10 to 20 million tons of aquatic catch.

C) 5 to 10 million tons of aquatic catch.

D) 1 to 5 million tons of aquatic catch.

E) less than 1 million tons of aquatic catch.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Fishing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.5: Describe the contribution of fishing to the world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

38 ..

72)

Use Figure 9-12 to answer the question. Based on the data in the graph, which best describes the rates of fish consumption in developing countries?

A) It has grown from less than 20 million metric tons in 1960 to 40 million metric tons in 1980.

B) It has grown from 35 million metric tons in 1980 to 80 million metric tons in 2000.

C) While it was 50 million metric tons in 1990 it has dropped to 25 million metric tons in 2016.

D) From 20 million metric tons in 1970 it has grown to approximately 110 million metric tons in 2016.

E) From approximately 60 million metric tons in 1990 it peaked at 141 million metric tons in 2016.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Fishing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.5: Describe the contribution of fishing to the world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

39 ..

73) In the United States the integration of many farms into a large food production industry is known as A) agribusiness.

B) commercial farming.

C) food processing.

D) mechanized farming.

E) mixed crop and livestock farming.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 74) Which is NOT a characteristic of grain farming?

A) crops such as millet, wheat, corn, oats, and rice B) monocropping C) production as food for farm animals D) heavy mechanization E) employing 2% of the U.S. labor force Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 75) In the winter wheat belt of the United States, the crop is planted in A) autumn and harvested in early summer.

B) winter and harvested in spring.

C) winter and harvested in autumn.

D) spring and harvested in summer.

E) spring and harvested in autumn.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

40 ..

76) All of the following are reasons why wheat is an important crop EXCEPT A) it has multiple uses as a human food.

B) it can be sold for a higher price than most other grains.

C) growth in world-wide production of wheat is linked to the expansion of subsistence agriculture.

D) ability to produce a surplus contributes to the prestige of the nations who export it.

E) commercial farming of wheat employs millions of people in developed and developing countries.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 77) The different areas of the world where Mediterranean agriculture predominates have similar A) physical environments.

B) cultural beliefs.

C) broad expanses of flat land along sea coasts.

D) social customs.

E) levels of livestock production with the mixed crop and livestock regions.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 78) Which of the following is LEAST likely to be produced in Mediterranean agriculture?

A) butter B) fruits C) grapes D) olives E) tree nuts Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 41 ..

79) The predominant form of agriculture in the U.S. Southeast is A) mixed crop and livestock.

B) dairy farming.

C) Mediterranean agriculture.

D) commercial gardening.

E) plantation farming.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 80) The type of agriculture practiced near large cities, which includes producing fruits and vegetables, is called A) double cropping.

B) transhumance.

C) subsistence agriculture.

D) truck farming.

E) grain farming.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 81) Truck farming is a term that derives from the Middle-English word truck, meaning A) "cart" or "to carry."

B) "mobility" or "movement."

C) "subsiding" as in "subsistence agriculture."

D) "bartering" or "exchange of commodities."

E) "horse" or "horse-drawn."

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Crop-based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.6: Describe the basic principles of several forms of crop-based commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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82) Ranching is practiced in a climate region similar to that of which other type of agriculture?

A) dairying B) grain C) pastoral nomadism D) shifting cultivation E) Mediterranean agriculture Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Animal-Based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.7: Describe dairy and ranching commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 83) Which statement describes the link between animal-based agriculture and location?

A) Ranches are never near cities because of the smell of animals.

B) Dairy and livestock ranching need to be near large cities because products spoil quickly.

C) The further a dairy farm is from a city, the more milk it can produce and sell.

D) Developing countries can access international meat markets if they have ports located close to the ranchlands.

E) Railroads and highways take up land that was formerly used for cattle fattening facilities.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Animal-Based Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.7: Describe dairy and ranching commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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84)

Use Figure 9-13 to answer the question. In which countries are more than 50 million metric tons of milk produced annually?

A) the United States and India B) India and Iraq C) China and Iran D) Brazil and Bolivia E) the United States and Mexico Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Animal-Based Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.7: Describe dairy and ranching commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 85) Which of the following characteristics of dairy agriculture creates a challenge for farmers?

A) the cost of building and maintaining a large milkshed B) the requirement to live on remote farms where there is ample pasture for the cows C) the declining market for cheese due to health concerns D) mechanization reducing the need for dairy farmers E) cost of purchasing feed for cows year-round, especially in cold climates Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Animal-Based Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.7: Describe dairy and ranching commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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86)

Use Figure 9-13 to answer the question. Which statement best describes the distribution of milk production shown on the map?

A) Developed countries are the top producers and consumers of milk.

B) Milk is produced mainly in countries with suitable ranchlands.

C) Populations in Africa and Australia cannot afford to buy milk.

D) Parts of Europe, along with many developing countries, have a large share of milk production.

E) India exports milk to China and Pakistan.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Animal-Based Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.3.7: Describe dairy and ranching commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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87) Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to A) divide the work between crops and livestock so that farmers hardly need to work during the summer season.

B) generate 90 percent of their income from the sale of livestock.

C) use double cropping to increase their incomes from the sale of crops.

D) create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for fertilizer.

E) circumvent market forces that determine the prices of livestock and crops.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 88) After maize, the most important crop in the U.S. mixed crop and livestock region is A) wheat.

B) soybeans.

C) barley.

D) fruits and vegetables.

E) sugar beets.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 89) Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in continental Europe between France and Russia?

A) mixed crop and livestock farming B) dairy farming C) grain farming D) livestock ranching E) Mediterranean agriculture Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 46 ..

90) The spatial model used by geographers to describe how proximity to market determines the choice of crops on a commercial farm is known as the A) von Thünen Model.

B) Whittlesey Model.

C) Harris Model.

D) Hoyt Model.

E) Burgess Model.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 91) The primary factor in von Thünen's model for choosing commercial farm products is A) land price.

B) market location.

C) climate.

D) soil character.

E) labor cost.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 92) Von Thünen's model can best be used to explain the location of which of the following types of agriculture?

A) dairying in the northeast United States B) ranching in the dry lands of North Africa C) shifting cultivation in the tropics of South America D) intensive subsistence in South China E) Mediterranean agriculture in central Chile Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 47 ..

93)

Use Figure 9-14 to answer the question. According to von Thünen's model which pairing of rings, products, and reasons for the location is INCORRECT? A) First ring - market gardens and milk - require close proximity to city B) Second ring - wood lots and timber - require close proximity to market due to weight C) Third Ring - pasture land and crops - location less market-driven D) Fourth Ring - land kept in natural state for wildlife - furthest from city E) Fourth Ring - pasture for livestock - requires open space Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 94) Which country does NOT export more food than it imports?

A) Brazil B) India C) Canada D) Mexico E) Australia Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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95) Which developed nation is the leading food importer today?

A) Canada B) Australia C) Japan D) the United Kingdom E) the United States Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 96) Subsistence farmers are able to expand production through A) participating more regularly in periodic markets.

B) producing cash crops for revenue to purchase food.

C) switching to high-yield seeds, using fertilizers, and increasing mechanization.

D) slash and burn agriculture.

E) switching to livestock grazing and monoculture.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 97) Afghanistan is important to the world drug trade primarily because A) it produces about 90 percent of the world's opium.

B) U.S. troops consume most of the opium grown there.

C) of its location at the center of major marijuana distribution routes.

D) of the proximity of the Russian market for illicit drugs.

E) of the desire of local farmers to fund terrorist organizations.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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98) Title 1 of US Public Law 480, passed in 1954, provides for A) most preferred nation status to all food importers.

B) low interest rate grain sales.

C) foods sales dependent on structural adjustment by importing nations.

D) provisions to use U.S. land for agriculture.

E) subsidized ethanol production.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 99) What role are export crops designed to play in the economies of developing countries?

A) generate money for increased military spending B) reduce unemployment C) lower the price of food in developing countries D) generate foreign currency that may be used to purchase agricultural supplies E) replace cash crops with edible subsistence with cash crops Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 100) Which of the following outcomes is likely to result from the shift from subsistence agriculture to growing export crops in developing countries?

A) improved quality of life for people who have earned money to purchase food B) less land available for subsistence farmers, resulting in local food shortages C) less damage to the environment because new technologies make farming more efficient D) gender equality in places such as Kenya where women can earn as much as men E) countries become more developed through the increased food imports Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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101) Farmers in developing countries choose to grow drug crops for export primarily because of A) the market value in developed countries.

B) their proximity to local markets.

C) the high prices for food crop exports.

D) their resentment of the freedoms enjoyed by developed countries.

E) their desire to fund terrorist organizations.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 102)

Use Figure 9-15 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE? A) Australia, India, and Indonesia are net exporters.

B) Russia is a net exporter.

C) Less than $10 billion is earned by Saudi Arabian exports.

D) Ethiopia and Kenya are the leaders in export revenues.

E) Venezuela and Colombia surpass Brazil in exports.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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103)

Use Figure 9-16 to answer the question. Which statement about the international drug trade is TRUE? A) Southern Africa exports the most cocaine.

B) The United States is the largest consumer of cocaine.

C) Afghanistan is the leading exporter of cocaine.

D) Colombia is the leading exporter of heroin.

E) Western Europe is the leading consumer of heroin.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 104) Prior to the Industrial Revolution, the pressure to increase food production was solved through A) lowering the population.

B) using double cropping.

C) bringing new territory under cultivation.

D) irrigating of drylands.

E) using mixed crop and livestock farming.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Losing Agricultural Land Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.2: Explain reasons for loss of farmland Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 52 ..

105) Prime agricultural land in the United States is being replaced with A) military bases.

B) urban land uses.

C) nature preserves.

D) oil drilling.

E) grazing lands.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Losing Agricultural Land Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.2: Explain reasons for loss of farmland Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 106) Which types of layers did Maryland soil preservationists combine to make a composite GIS map used to identify areas for protection?

A) soil quality, environmental, and economic B) soil quality and market proximity C) climate change and water quality D) habitats for endangered species E) soil quality, environmental, and political Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Losing Agricultural Land Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.2: Explain reasons for loss of farmland Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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107)

Use Figure 9-17 to answer the question. Which statement best summarizes the data presented in the chart?

A) By 2020, population growth will level off in response to a decrease in food production.

B) As food production has steadily increased since 1960, population growth has continued to increase, and the amount of agricultural land has declined slightly.

C) In 2000, both the amount of agricultural land and food production increased at a greater rate than population growth.

D) In 2010, the increase in food production can be explained by a significant increase in agricultural land and decline in world population.

E) In 1970, food production and the amount of agricultural land were equal causing population growth to decline in subsequent decades.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Losing Agricultural Land Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.4.2: Explain reasons for loss of farmland Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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108)

Use Figure 9-18 to answer the question. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) The Sahara is a static and stable boundary.

B) The highest hazard rating is found only in the Middle East.

C) Desertification is restricted to inland locations.

D) The highest hazard regions tend to border existing arid regions.

E) Areas with a low hazard rating today will never be vulnerable to desertification.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Losing Agricultural Land Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.4.2: Explain reasons for loss of farmland Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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109) Which factor drives subsistence farmers to consider new farming approaches to generate higher yields?

A) local governments B) population growth C) emigration D) civil strife E) hydroelectric power projects Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Improving Agricultural Productivity Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.3: Describe how farmers and scientists have achieved productivity increases Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 110) Which is the LEAST likely strategy subsistence farmers would use in order to increase productivity?

A) purchasing hybrid seeds and pesticides B) using plows instead of hoes C) increasing the terracing of land D) decreasing or eliminating fallow times E) increasing irrigation Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Improving Agricultural Productivity Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.3: Describe how farmers and scientists have achieved productivity increases Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 111) The green revolution is best described as A) organic urban farming.

B) recycling programs introduced in the 1990s.

C) the increase in farmers markets.

D) the diffusion of more productive agriculture techniques in the 1970s and 1980s.

E) the elimination of locally used techniques in favor of automation.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Improving Agricultural Productivity Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.3: Describe how farmers and scientists have achieved productivity increases Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 56 ..

112) The green revolution is first associated with which "miracle" seed?

A) wheat B) rice C) corn D) soy E) barley Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Improving Agricultural Productivity Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.3: Describe how farmers and scientists have achieved productivity increases Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 113) The green revolution is recognized for achieving all but which of the following?

A) The rapid diffusion of sustainable agricultural practices.

B) The expanded use of fertilizers.

C) An increase in agricultural productivity in India and other Asian countries.

D) The development and diffusion of high-yield seeds.

E) Preventing a food crisis in the 1970s.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Improving Agricultural Productivity Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.3: Describe how farmers and scientists have achieved productivity increases Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 114) This individual won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for work contributing to the green revolution.

A) Ester Boserup B) Henry Ford II C) John D. Rockefeller D) Normal Borlaug E) Andrew Carnegie Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Improving Agricultural Productivity Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.3: Describe how farmers and scientists have achieved productivity increases Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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115) Which of the following concerns have resulted from the widespread distribution of green revolution technologies?

A) Too much food will be produced in developing countries and it will go to waste.

B) Application of bones, ash, and manure changes the chemistry of soil.

C) Sustaining the equipment, fertilizers, and seeds is expensive for farmers in developing countries.

D) Fertilizer ingredients like nitrogen are only found in Europe and China, and are too expensive to transport.

E) Miracle wheat and other hybrid crops do not taste like traditional grains.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 9.4: Improving Agricultural Productivity Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.3: Describe how farmers and scientists have achieved productivity increases Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 116) Which is the best description of a GMO (genetically modified organism)?

A) mixes and alters genetic material from species that would not otherwise mix in nature B) mixes pollinator species to ensure plant diversity C) controls soil components to ensure plant hardiness D) controls irrigation and sunlight to train the plant toward hardiness E) extracts genetic material from a plant organism to remove recessive genes Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.4: Discuss the debate over the planting of GMO seeds Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 117) Which American corporation is most closely associated with GMOs? A) Nestlé B) Monsanto C) General Electric D) Dow E) Du Pont Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.4: Discuss the debate over the planting of GMO seeds Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society

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118) Which of the following is NOT true about GMOs? A) Approximately 12 percent of all farmland, worldwide, is devoted to GMO crops.

B) Over 75 percent of all foodstuffs Americans consume has at least one GMO ingredient.

C) North America produces around 50 percent of all GMO foods.

D) The United States has embraced the idea of labeling GMO foods.

E) Africa is reluctant to adopt GMOs because it negatively influences their export opportunities to Europe.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.4: Discuss the debate over the planting of GMO seeds Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 119) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organic farming?

A) reliance on newly discovered techniques that minimize pesticides B) cultivation of plant species that are resistant to chemicals C) capitalizes on the benefits of integrating crops and animals D) use of antibiotics in animals as a preventative measure E) increased government support of the practice for at least a century Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.5a: Identify principles of organic farming; 9.4.5b: Identify principles of sustainable land management Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 120) The most significant amount of farmland committed to organic agriculture are found in A) the United States.

B) Canada.

C) Argentina.

D) Brazil.

E) Australia.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.5a: Identify principles of organic farming Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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121) Which of the following activities would NOT contribute to sustainable farming?

A) allowing animals to graze and deposit manure in the same field B) tilling farmland to prepare for next season's planting C) planting non-GMO seeds D) cultivating a diverse set of plants E) allowing insects to feed on crops Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.5b: Identify principles of sustainable land management Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 122) Which farming practice reduces soil erosion and runoff?

A) swidden farming B) multi-cropping C) short fallow D) conservation tillage E) truck farming Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.5b: Identify principles of sustainable land management Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 123) In the Midwest states, farm fields are more likely to be damaged by A) unseasonal heavy snow.

B) indiscriminate use of fertilizers and chemicals.

C) overproduction of cash crops like tobacco.

D) drought conditions.

E) too much rain.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.5b: Identify principles of sustainable land management Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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124) A major practice of sustainable agriculture is A) exclusive use of GMO seeds.

B) an increased "green revolution" use of chemicals.

C) the lack of integration of crops and livestock.

D) use of pesticide resistant seed.

E) limited use of chemicals.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.5a: Identify principles of organic farming; 9.4.5b: Identify principles of sustainable land management Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 125) Which of the following is NOT true in California's drought crisis?

A) Water resource locations do not match water demand locations.

B) Eighty percent of the water distributed in California goes to cities.

C) California produces one-third of U.S. vegetables and two-thirds of fruits and nuts.

D) The average American consumes 40 gallons of water per day.

E) California's water sources are both surface and groundwater.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Conserving Agricultural Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.6: Analyze the importance of water in agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 126) The largest consumer of California water is A) cities and swimming pools.

B) lawn watering and golf courses.

C) agriculture.

D) industry.

E) water parks.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Conserving Agricultural Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.6: Analyze the importance of water in agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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127) Which of the following is NOT a government policy that directly improves the financial position of U.S. farmers?

A) sale of grain to other countries at low interest rates (U.S. Public Law 480) B) encouragement to avoid production of crops in excess supply C) government financing when commodity prices are low D) government purchase of surplus production E) encouragement of planting cover crops Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 9.4: Conserving Agricultural Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.4.6: Analyze the importance of water in agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 128) Identify differences in food consumption in developed and developing countries. Explain why sources and quantities of food vary by region.

Answer: Developed countries generally have overall food security and a variety of foods to choose from year-round due to shipping and trade. Developing countries often suffer from food insecurity and undernourishment due to rapid population growth and production methods that result in lower yields. Sources of food are worldwide in developed countries, but tend to be more locally produced and seasonal in developing countries. Climate influences the types of crops that can be grown and the availability of grains and meat protein, while cultural preferences also determine which foods are consumed.

Diff: 2 Section: 9.1: Food, Agriculture & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 9.1.1: Explain differences between developed and developing countries in food consumption Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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129) Identify and describe the main features that distinguish commercial agriculture from subsistence agriculture. Explain how each type of agriculture responds to the need to increase productivity.

Answer: Answer will identify differences in the percentage of farmers to size of the farm, the role of machinery (highly mechanized in commercial agriculture, relying on basic tools and human or animal labor in subsistence), science and technology (commercial uses hybrid seeds, pesticides and fertilizers as well as GPS while subsistence relies on integration of animals to produce manure (natural fertilizer) and limited upgrades. Commercial also feeds huge numbers of people while subsistence feeds families or small villages with inputs from trade.

To cope with pressures to increase output caused by population growth, commercial farming has invested in mechanization, technology, and GMO seeds, whereas subsistence farmers choose between upgrading tools, bringing more land into cultivation through irrigation or terracing, and possibly switching to cash crops to generate more income.

Diff: 2 Section: 9.2: Subsistence & Commercial Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 9.2.2: Describe the principal differences between subsistence and commercial agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 130) What is the distinctive type of agriculture practiced in the population concentrations of East and South Asia. How does this type of agriculture contribute to concerns over the world's growing population and environmental problems?

Answer: Answers may vary, beyond noting that intensive subsistence is the main type. Many fear that intensive subsistence does not produce enough food to meet the need of growing populations and that additional land must continually be found to support it. Modification of the landscape through terracing, deforestation and irrigation raise environmental concerns without the corresponding benefit of feeding larger populations.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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131) What is the most important crop grown in East Asia? Why is this crop grown extensively in the southern part of the region but not in the northern part? Identify and explain ways that global climate change may affect future yields in different regions of the world.

Answer: Most important crop is wet rice grown in the southern part of the region. In the northern parts of East Asia, the growing season is shorter and the climate drier which accounts for the cultivation of upland rice and other grain crops. Varies, but may involve discussions of changing rainfall and temperature in various regions. Some regions may see diminished rice production while other areas may see increases.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.3: Subsistence Agriculture in Population Concentrations Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.3.2: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in higherdensity developing regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 132) The cultural foundations of pastoral nomadism conflict with capitalism and the idea of private property. a) How might changing climate, demographics, and market conditions affect this way of life? b) What proposals might you offer to preserve this culture?

Answer: a) Should speak to the spatial extent of nomadism and how it would be confined with limitations on grazing areas; improved communications and trade have reduced the need for nomadic caravans. Fencing and borders clash with the ability to take herds where water and forage are available. Intensive land use would introduce higher levels of desertification as larger populations would be competing for the same area. More modern forms of agriculture now monopolize the land once used for grazing; nomads are encouraged to settle down and take jobs in mines or for petroleum companies; which allows for taxation; and b) Answers may vary but should address need for governments in the affected regions to recognize the cultural and environmental importance of this way of life. Groups could be allotted special visas to cross national borders and provided with subsidies to sell their meat or crafts. Parks or other "greenways" could be set aside for the migration of the animals and people as they have moved historically.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.3: Pastoral Nomadism & Plantations Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.3.4: Explain the principal forms of subsistence agriculture in lowerdensity dry regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 4: The physical and human characteristics of places; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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133) What is the value to farmers in mixing crops and livestock?

Answer: Multiple examples to include maximizing available land by using it in a seasonal cycle; use of livestock to supply manure to improve soil fertility; pigs may be bred and fed directly from crops on the farm. to grow more crops. A mix of crops and livestock also reduces seasonal variations in income; most income from crops comes during the harvest season, but livestock products can be sold throughout the year.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 134)

Use Figure 9-14 to answer the questions. a) Describe the von Thünen model and its purpose. b) Describe the 5 zones and the logic behind them. c) Describe the modified model labeled (b) and how it reflects the landscape shown.

Answer: a) von Thünen developed the model to explain why certain crops are grown in distances relative to the market (nearest city); b) Perishable products are grown in an inner ring, followed by heavier materials like timber, with pasture-land furthest away from the market etc.

This allows for shorter travels times for items like milk and meat, and creates the largest zone as pasture for animals; and c) the modified model is in zones further away from the river where the city is located, in a linear rather than circular zone pattern.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.3: Commercial Agriculture: Mixed Crop & Livestock Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.3.8: Describe the basic principles of several forms of mixed crop and livestock agriculture Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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135) How and why are so many farmers pressured into growing illicit drug crops? What role does location play in determining which farmers are pressured into this market?

Answer: Answers may vary but should address the lucrative nature of the trade and often the coercive use of the land by those controlling the commodity chain.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.4: Global Food Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.4.1: Explain the contribution of expanding exports to world food supply Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 136) People living in the Sahel region in countries such as the Sudan, Chad, and neighboring Ethiopia suffer from undernourishment, desertification, and food security issues. Define these terms and describe how these factors intersect in the landscape of the Sahel.

Answer: Undernourishment defined as dietary energy consumption consistently below levels needed to maintain a healthy lifestyle; desertification is the degradation of land, especially in semi-arid areas often caused by human use; food security or (in) security is the lack of resources to purchase and availability/access to healthy food on a regular basis. In this region, desertification has been exacerbated by increasing populations being pushed into smaller areas by a drying landscape. This magnifies the problem as now more people and livestock are trying to survive on fewer resources, including water. This leads to undernourishment and food insecurity, even while rainfall may increase.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.4: Losing Agricultural Land Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.4.2: Explain reasons for loss of farmland Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 137) Opposition to the use of GMOs is strong in the countries of Africa. What are the key factors that contribute to this resistance?

Answer: Should speak to health problems (Africans are suspicious of claims that GMOs are not harmful to humans, and do not want to use chemicals and drugs in livestock), export problems (major export market to Europe, where labeling is required, could cause products to be rejected in Europe) and continued dependence on the United States (caused by the need to purchase products from American corporations year after year, from seeds to fertilizers to pesticides and machinery).

Diff: 3 Section: 9.4: Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.4.4: Discuss the debate over the planting of GMO seeds Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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138) Some claim that major agribusiness corporations are the main beneficiaries of U.S. government money paid to farmers as subsidies. Identify and explain a point of view that could support the claim. Discuss the relationship between food prices and subsidies. How do you think agricultural subsidies affect taxes?

Answer: Answers may vary. a) As agribusiness corporations have profited from the expanded use of GMOs in the U.S., many of the subsidies to farmers for growing certain crops translate into subsidies to corporations selling the seeds. Answer can include how the U.S. government pays the difference to farmers to guarantee their profits while encouraging creating a shortage of certain crops; should discuss the irony of developed countries paying farmers to produce less food to keep prices up while developing countries struggle to increase production; U.S. govt buys excess crops and donates them to struggling countries, using it as a political tool; and b) this is student opinion, agricultural subsidies increase taxes while keeping food prices low.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.4: Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture; 9.4: Conserving Agricultural Resources Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.4.4: Discuss the debate over the planting of GMO seeds Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 139) Summarize the costs and benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and organic farming in terms of price for the average consumer and short- and long-term environmental impacts. Which method is more sustainable? Why? Answer: GMO costs are prices themselves, forcing farmers to purchase seeds year after year instead of saving them, as well as associated costs of fertilizers and pesticides. Benefits are high yields that feed large populations in developed and developing countries. Costs of organic farming are loss of produce to insects, lower yields generally, investment in soil upkeep and organic certification. Benefits are environmental health through lack of pesticides, soil health through use of integrated methods, and sales to consumers who will choose only organic products.

Environmental impacts of GMOs are destruction of insects, biodiversity, and natural pollination and food chain systems caused by pesticides and herbicides. Death of the soil due to fertilizers.

These are both short- and long-term as loss of insects translates into loss of birds, fish, etc up the food chain. Long term environmental impacts of organic farming are positive: revitalized soil and animal systems, healthy eco-systems and populations. Organic is more sustainable for the planet but may involve a radical change in distribution of food and population.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.4: Applying Biotechnology to Agriculture; 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.4.4: Discuss the debate over the planting of GMO seeds; 9.4.5a: Identify principles of organic farming; 9.4.5b: Identify principles of sustainable land management Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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140) If you were the leader of an impoverished country, would you opt for more sustainable farming practices or for the use of chemicals and genetic modifications to increase production?

Why? Answer: Answers may vary. Relies on student opinion but should draw upon the long-term environmental impacts of GMOs and chemicals, as well as reduced markets for sale of these products. It would be desirable for a leader to consider the health and environmental resilience of the population, as well as the agricultural independence that could result from producing food sustainably and locally.

Diff: 3 Section: 9.4: Sustainable Farming Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 9.4.5a: Identify principles of organic farming; 9.4.5b: Identify principles of sustainable land management Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 10 Development 1) Development is best defined as the improving the conditions of people by A) diffusing the American way of life.

B) becoming a federal state.

C) increasing diffusion of knowledge and technology.

D) shifting the economic ideology from an entirely capitalist mode to a blended economy.

E) improving diplomatic ties.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Development & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.1a: Explain the concept of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) Which of the following is the LEAST developed region?

A) North America B) Europe C) North Africa & Southwest Asia D) Central Asia E) East Asia Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Development & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.1a: Explain the concept of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 3) A country that has been classified as low developing would have an HDI score of approximately A) above 0.80.

B) between 0.70 and 0.80.

C) over 0.90.

D) between 0.55 and 0.60.

E) below 0.55.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Development & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.1b: Explain the concept of developed and developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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4) A country with the lowest HDI in the world is likely to be located in A) Europe.

B) Central Asia.

C) sub-Saharan Africa.

D) Latin America.

E) Central America.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Development & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.1b: Explain the concept of developed and developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) Which statement is TRUE about the nine development regions?

A) Most of the world's countries cluster in the lowest development category.

B) The highest levels of development are found in Europe.

C) The classification of Russia is consistent from year to year.

D) Japan and Korea are included in calculated HDI for the East Asia region.

E) The world is divided into two developed and seven developing regions.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: Development & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.1b: Explain the concept of developed and developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 6) The Human Development Index (HDI) is based on indicators of A) standard of living, education, and health.

B) standard of living, environmental health, and democracy.

C) education, health, and democracy.

D) fair trade, sustainability, and education.

E) low debt, education, and health.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Development & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.1c: Understand the concept of the Human Development Index Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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7) Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total value of A) the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

B) exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

C) outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.

D) human capital development in a country during a year.

E) investments made in domestic and foreign sources of revenue during a year.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8) An example of a primary sector activity is A) education.

B) manufacturing.

C) banking.

D) retailing.

E) mining.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 9) Processing of computer information is an example of which part of the economy?

A) manufacturing B) primary and secondary C) primary D) tertiary E) resource extraction Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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10) Which is a secondary sector economic activity?

A) data processing B) mining C) government D) construction E) banking Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 11) The primary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

A) data processing B) beverage bottling C) government D) sheep herding E) banking Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 12) Which of the following is an example of a secondary sector activity?

A) banking B) farming C) manufacturing D) secondary education E) professional football Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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13)

Use Figure 10-1 to answer the question. Productivity is the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. One measure of productivity is the GDP per person employed. Which of the following would also be TRUE of a country with a GDP per person employed below $25,000?

A) a high percentage of people employed in banking and government B) a low percentage of people employed in mining C) a high percentage of people supported by government subsidies D) a high percentage of people employed in agriculture E) a low percentage of people employed in forestry Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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14) Per capita GNI is a poor indicator of which of the following?

A) the approximate level of material well-being in a country B) the number of countries below the poverty level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the spatial distribution of global wealth E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 15) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?

A) the approximate level of spiritual well-being in a country B) the number of countries below sea level C) the distribution of wealth within a country D) the political dimensions of a population E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 16) The productivity of workers is higher in more developed countries because they A) work harder.

B) have access to more technology.

C) have a low amount of value added per person.

D) are consistently better educated.

E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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17) Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT? A) The higher the GNI of a country, the more equal its income distribution.

B) The primary sector accounts for a larger share of GNI for developing countries than developed countries.

C) Workers in developed countries are more productive than those in developing countries.

D) The HDI is a function of economics, social, and demographic indicators.

E) PPP accounts for differences in cost among countries for the same basket of goods.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 18) An adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods is A) a tax exemption.

B) a subsidy.

C) purchasing power parity.

D) a per capita index.

E) a global pricing indicator.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 19) Which of the following indicators would NOT be used to measure a decent standard of living?

A) per capita income B) gross domestic product (GDP) C) level of GNI per capita D) cost of basic goods in relation to income E) purchasing power parity (PPP) Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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20) Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of A) literacy.

B) childhood mortality.

C) infectious disease.

D) illiteracy.

E) environmental pollution.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Access to Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.3: Explain the HDI education factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 21) HDI evaluates access to knowledge by combining which two measures?

A) number of school age children and the number of schools B) years of schooling for adults and the expected years of school for youth C) number of schools and the number of teachers D) years of schooling for adults and the per capita funding for education E) expected years of schooling for youths and the per capita funding for school age children Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Access to Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.3: Explain the HDI education factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 22) In which regions are literacy rates the lowest?

A) Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern Europe B) Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia C) South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa D) Eastern Europe and Latin America E) Central Asia and South Asia Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Access to Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.3: Explain the HDI education factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society

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23) Which indicators of educational access best describe conditions in a developing country?

A) Globally esteemed universities and investment in education.

B) Limited investment per student in education and use of textbooks in a non-local language.

C) Large numbers of publishers creating books for distribution to schools and libraries.

D) Small class sizes and public or free secondary education.

E) High percentage of the population who are able to read and write.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: Access to Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.1.3: Explain the HDI education factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 24) Compared to developing countries, developed countries have a lower A) percentage of GNI spent on education.

B) literacy rates.

C) number of teachers per pupil.

D) number of years attending school.

E) amount of spending per student.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: Access to Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.1.3: Explain the HDI education factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 25) Development levels are reflected by education indicators because A) young people cannot fully develop without 12 years of school.

B) literacy and education help measure ability to earn a living.

C) pupil-teacher ratios are responsible for limiting a country's development.

D) the percentage invested in education per pupil is higher based on a country's GNI. E) free public school creates equal access to development opportunities.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: Access to Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.3: Explain the HDI education factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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26) Differences in life expectancy between developed and developing countries is due to all of the following EXCEPT A) possible medical mistakes due to lack of education in developing countries.

B) infant mortality rates that are higher in developing countries.

C) resources spent on health care in developed countries.

D) access to nutritious food in developed countries.

E) welfare services for the poor or disabled in developing countries.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Health and Welfare Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.4: Identify HDI health factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 27) In developing countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are A) shared by a large number of people.

B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people.

C) essential to rural life.

D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few.

E) available only through local manufacturers.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.1: Health and Welfare Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.4: Identify HDI health factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 28) Which of the following is an example of the relationship between goods such as cellphones, cars, or the Internet and development?

A) Low income countries limit development opportunities by restricting access to phones and cars to the elite.

B) Consumer goods increase an individual's ability to access services, information, and employment.

C) Transportation and infrastructure investments serve to increase a country's rural-urban divide.

D) The U.N. can monitor development through the Internet and assess a country's needs.

E) Employment opportunities are accessed through the Internet only in developed countries.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.1: Health and Welfare Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.1.4: Identify HDI health factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 10 ..

29) Which statement about the need for an IHDI is INCORRECT? A) The U.N. developed it as a measure of the extent of inequality between countries.

B) Because inequality persists at many levels and scales, a more specific measure is useful.

C) Countries may report high levels of income, education, and health care but they may not be accessible to many people.

D) Countries may have excellent education and health care, but those benefits do not extend to women.

E) Most countries are working to improve their HDI to match their IHDI. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 30) If the IHDI is less than the HDI, this indicates A) there are lower levels of inequality in that country than elsewhere in the world.

B) the levels of inequality are equal to the global average.

C) there are higher levels of inequality in that country than elsewhere in the world.

D) there is no comparison between the two indices as they measure different things.

E) the HDI is really a function of the IHDI so this condition is impossible.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 31) According to world systems theory, which would NOT be considered a semi-peripheral nation?

A) China B) Australia C) Brazil D) India E) Iran Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 11 ..

32)

Use Figure 10-2 to answer the question. The inequality-adjusted human development index (IDHI) of China is A) lower than that of Canada and most Western European countries.

B) greater than any other country in Asia.

C) lower than that of Russia but higher than that of most South Asian countries.

D) greater because the Chinese economy is growing and creating jobs.

E) lower than that of Western European countries but far greater than that of India.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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33)

Use Figure 10-2 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE about the IHDI of South Asian countries?

A) They rank lower than Canada and most Western European countries.

B) They rank higher than the United States but lower than Canada.

C) They rank lower than Canada but higher than most Western European countries.

D) They rank higher than Canada and are twice as high as the United States.

E) They rank lower than Western European countries and much higher than Canada.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

13 ..

34)

Use Figure 10-3 to answer the question. Which country is the only semi-peripheral state in Africa?

A) Libya B) Angola C) Gabon D) South Africa E) Kenya Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

14 ..

35)

Use Figures 10-4 and 10-5 to answer the question. Which semi-peripheral country is categorized as very high developed?

A) Japan B) Spain C) Australia D) Argentina E) New Zealand 15 ..

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography 36) Which statement CORRECTLY describes inequality within the countries of Turkey and Brazil?

A) Both countries have similar HDI and IHDI scores.

B) Data shown at the provincial level reveals little about regional variations in inequality.

C) Brazil's lower IHDI reveals a greater level of inequality than within Turkey.

D) Regional variations in GDP reveal the cause of some inequality within both countries.

E) Equality in both countries exists at multiple scales, such as between city neighborhoods.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Inequality Within Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.2: Describe patterns of regional inequality within developing and developed countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 37) Which region in the United States has experienced the most dramatic change in per capita income?

A) Northeast B) Mid-Atlantic C) Mid-West D) Southwest E) Southeast Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Inequality Within Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.2: Describe patterns of regional inequality within developing and developed countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 16 ..

38) In the twenty-first century, the United States has witnessed A) the wealthiest one percent of the population control less of the wealth since the 1980s.

B) the wealthiest one percent of the population control more of the wealth since the 1980s.

C) little change in how much wealth the wealthiest control.

D) the transfer of wealth by the top one percent to Asia.

E) higher tax rates on the wealthiest Americans to ensure equality.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Inequality Within Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.2: Describe patterns of regional inequality within developing and developed countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 39) Which is the best description of the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?

A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country C) composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

17 ..

40) Since 1990, most developed and developing countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of A) gender inequality.

B) gender equality.

C) economic inequality.

D) gender dynamics.

E) income inequality.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 41) Severe gender inequality poses a challenge to development because it A) leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for rent and utilities.

B) is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates.

C) excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset.

D) severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.

E) does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

18 ..

42)

Use Figure 10-6 to answer the question. In terms of the Gender Inequality Index, most African countries have A) rates below the United States and Western Europe.

B) rates that exceed the United States and Western Europe because of African investment in higher learning.

C) rates that are greater than most of Latin America but lower than Europe.

D) rates higher than those in India.

E) consistently low rates throughout the entire continent.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

19 ..

43) Which of the following is NOT an indicator of global gender inequality?

A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in developed countries.

B) Women have much lower incomes than men in developing countries.

C) Female life expectancy is less than that of males in every country of the world.

D) Female literacy is much lower than that of males in sub-Saharan Africa.

E) Women hold fewer than one-fourth of managerial jobs in developing countries.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 44) Which statement best summarizes the U.N.'s view of gender inequality?

A) A country with a high gender development index can have gender equality.

B) Gender inequality is only present in the secondary sectors of economic activity.

C) Gender inequality is a major factor preventing a country from achieving a higher level of development.

D) Gender inequality is less important than literacy rates.

E) Gender inequality only applies to teen mothers in developed countries.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

20 ..

45) Which factor contributes to the United States' relatively low GII score?

A) higher per capita incomes that compromise the results B) a commitment to lowering teen birth rates throughout the South C) a higher maternal mortality rate than other developed countries D) the increased percentage of women running for political office E) women have political equality but not equal pay for equal work Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 46) The Gender Inequality Index (GII) combines which three measures to derive a composite score?

A) employment, school years completed, and voting history B) empowerment, employment, and reproductive health C) empowerment, reproductive health, and school years completed D) employment, reproductive health, and literacy rate E) literacy rate, empowerment, and reproductive health Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Empowerment and Employment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 47) Development analysts expect that a more developed country is likely to have a A) low GII and a low HDI. B) low GII and a high HDI. C) high GII and low HDI. D) high GII and a high HDI. E) low HDI and low GDP per capita.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: HDI and Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 21 ..

48) In which three countries do women hold the majority of seats in their national legislatures?

A) Australia, Sweden, and Germany B) Denmark, United Kingdom, and Brazil C) South Africa, Uganda, and Israel D) Rwanda, Cuba, and Bolivia E) India, Thailand, and Canada Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.2: Gender Empowerment and Employment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.4: Describe empowerment-related components of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 49) Which region has the highest female labor force participation rate?

A) Oceania B) Central Asia C) Southwest Asia & North Africa D) sub-Saharan Africa E) Northern Eurasia (Russia) Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.2: Gender Empowerment and Employment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.2.4: Describe empowerment-related components of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 50) Women's empowerment refers to A) the ability to achieve economic and political power.

B) a constitutional guarantee that women have the right to vote.

C) permission to serve in the military.

D) a constitutional guarantee of equal pay for equal work.

E) economic and social support for single mothers.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Empowerment and Employment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.4: Describe empowerment-related components of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

22 ..

51) Which of the following statements about gender empowerment is TRUE? A) The United States has equal representation of women in the House but not in the Senate.

B) No developed country has elected a woman as President or Prime Minister.

C) The United States constitutionally restricts women from holding the office of President.

D) In the United States, boys are more likely to complete high school than girls.

E) Representation of women in elected positions is higher in Canada than the United States.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Gender Empowerment and Employment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.4: Describe empowerment-related components of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 52) Which development factor accounts for adolescent fertility rates in the United States being higher than those of other developed countries?

A) the lack of access to public education for low-income women B) limited economic opportunities for minority young women C) lack of affordable health care in most states D) regional variation of income inequality E) fewer women elected to congress than in other developed countries Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.2: Reproductive Health Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.5: Describe reproductive health elements of the GII Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

23 ..

53)

Use Figure 10-7 to answer the question. Other than sub-Saharan Africa, which regions have made the greatest progress in reducing the maternal mortality rate between 1990 and 2015?

A) Latin America and North America B) Russia and Europe C) Australia and the South Pacific D) South Asia and Southeast Asia E) Central Asia and North Africa Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Reproductive Health Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.5: Describe reproductive health elements of the GII Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

24 ..

54)

Use Figure 10-8 to answer the question. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Adolescent fertility rates of India and the United States are in the same range.

B) China and Canada are two countries with some of the world's lowest adolescent fertility rates.

C) Western Europe and Libya are among the places with the lowest adolescent fertility rates.

D) All of sub-Saharan Africa is in the 60 percent range.

E) Venezuela and Colombia are among the places with the highest adolescent fertility rates.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.2: Reproductive Health Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.5: Describe reproductive health elements of the GII Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 55) Which of the following would NOT be considered an asset of a country following the international trade approach to development?

A) abundant agricultural products B) high quality manufactured goods C) limits on import D) international consumer preferences E) abundant mineral resources Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 25 ..

56) The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade approach is A) increased demand for many goods.

B) increased price of petroleum.

C) regional cooperation.

D) unequal distribution of resources.

E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing growth.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 57) The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is the promotion of A) balanced growth of all economic sectors.

B) global competitiveness for local industries.

C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.

D) unequal distribution of resources.

E) international trade.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 58) According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.

B) an elite group supports investments in technology and infrastructure.

C) take-off industries achieve technical advances.

D) workers become more skilled and specialized.

E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

26 ..

59) Traditional barriers to international trade have included A) low taxes on imports.

B) making domestic goods more expensive.

C) eliminating quotas on imports.

D) requiring licenses for importers.

E) strong domestic and international demand.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 60) One approach the World Trade Organization does NOT take to reduce barriers to trade is A) reduction or elimination of quotas on imports.

B) support for subsidies on exports.

C) discouragement of subsidies on exports.

D) protection of intellectual property rights.

E) fewer restrictions on movement of money.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 61) In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.

B) tends to result in uneven resource development.

C) suffers from market stagnation.

D) attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.

E) attempts to increase imports.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

27 ..

62) Which factors have contributed to the success of the "four dragons?"

A) colonialism, location, and investment B) natural resources, access to markets, and subsidies C) abundant farmland, developed ports, and low tariffs D) manufacturing, abundant labor, low export prices E) mechanized farming, self-sufficiency, large cities Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 63) Which country converted to an international trade model in the early 1990s?

A) Brazil B) India C) Taiwan D) Laos E) Vietnam Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: World Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.2: Analyze reasons for the triumph of the international trade approach to development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 64) Which of the following is NOT a likely result of a country's concentration on international trade?

A) benefits from exposure to demand in other countries B) benefits from sale of natural resources at a fair market price C) projection that competition will introduce higher quality products D) promotion of domestic development E) support for political and economic equity Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: World Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.2: Analyze reasons for the triumph of the international trade approach to development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 28 ..

65) In contrast to the colonial period, the international trade model allows developing countries to A) make and sell their own automobiles.

B) profit from sale of natural resources.

C) limit and control food imports.

D) require increased permits to conduct trade.

E) loan money to developed countries.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: World Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.2: Analyze reasons for the triumph of the international trade approach to development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 66) Which of the following in NOT a reason why many countries rejected the self-sufficiency approach?

A) inefficiency due to lack of competition B) lack of innovation C) sale of goods on the black market D) lower prices due to competition from other counties E) corruption within licensing agencies Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: World Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.2: Analyze reasons for the triumph of the international trade approach to development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

29 ..

67) Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as the investment in the economy of another country by A) a foreign government.

B) a foreign company.

C) a non-government organization.

D) the World Bank.

E) the International Monetary Fund.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 68) Major sources of foreign direct investment in terms of frequency and dollar amount are A) startup organizations.

B) venture capitalists.

C) transnational corporations.

D) microfinance.

E) fair trade programs.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

30 ..

69) In contrast to the World Bank's funding of projects, the IMF A) gives small loans directly to small business start-ups.

B) stimulates trade in countries once they prove they are out of debt.

C) seeks to stabilize currencies and help re-pay loans.

D) gives loans to countries based on population size.

E) provides loans primarily to non-governmental organizations.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 70) When were the World Bank and the IMF established?

A) at the same time as the League of Nations B) after the Vietnam War C) at the same time as NATO D) just before the end of WWI E) just before the end of WWII Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 71) Which country receives the largest proportion of World Bank assistance?

A) Brazil B) Thailand C) China D) Turkey E) India Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 31 ..

72) Which financial institution has been a leader in microfinance?

A) the World Bank B) the International Monetary Fund C) Bank of America D) Grameen Bank E) the Central Bank of the EU Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 73) Which of the following statements about the Grameen Bank is NOT TRUE? A) Its founder was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

B) Loans made to women are so small they do not need to be paid back.

C) Beneficiaries are often the sole wage earner in their families.

D) Microfinance is designed to help those who cannot qualify for traditional bank loans.

E) Women make up three-fourths of the borrowers.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

32 ..

74) Which of the following projects would NOT likely receive funding from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)?

A) technical training for the Libyan army B) reform of the Vietnamese banking industry C) municipal management training in China D) mental health services in Mexico E) transportation infrastructure in Brazil Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 75) When a developing country borrows money, it is part of a long-term strategy to A) increase debt as a percentage of gross national income.

B) eliminate debt before investing in new projects.

C) expand the economy through investment in infrastructure.

D) limit foreign investment through development of local businesses.

E) increase dependency on developed countries.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Structural Adjustment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.4: Explain alternate strategies for coping with the costs of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

33 ..

76) The biggest problem faced by developing countries in financing development is A) trade negotiations with more developed countries.

B) identifying unique economic assets.

C) inability to repay loans.

D) promoting dependency.

E) currency inflation.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Structural Adjustment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.4: Explain alternate strategies for coping with the costs of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 77) A stimulus strategy is introduced by governments to A) counter negative conditions of economic downturns.

B) ensure stock prices do not collapse.

C) provide education funds in developed countries.

D) provide health benefits to all citizens.

E) promote research and development.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Structural Adjustment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.4: Explain alternate strategies for coping with the costs of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 78) The major purpose of austerity programs is to A) support cuts in private industry payroll.

B) introduce furlough days in private firms.

C) place new taxes on water and electricity.

D) cut government spending on welfare benefits.

E) eliminate labor unions.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.3: Structural Adjustment Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.3.4: Explain alternate strategies for coping with the costs of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 34 ..

79) Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to developing countries are often criticized for resulting in A) a more efficient civil service.

B) diversion of investment from weapons and training for the military to social needs such as health and education.

C) investment that benefits the poor, not just the elite.

D) increased dissemination of information to the public.

E) loss of jobs in state enterprises and support for dependent citizens being cut.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 10.3: Structural Adjustment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.3.4: Explain alternate strategies for coping with the costs of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 80) Which of the following is NOT characteristic of structural adjustment?

A) diverting investment from military spending to social services B) reforming government to increase transparency and accountability C) investing scarce resources where they will have the most impact D) limiting external influence on internal government affairs E) encouraging a more productive and efficient private sector Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.3: Structural Adjustment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.3.4: Explain alternate strategies for coping with the costs of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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81) One argument in favor of rejecting the international trade model and returning to selfsufficiency would be that A) developed countries will always be at a disadvantage to developing countries until they can focus on their own economies.

B) consumer prices would remain low.

C) any economic growth benefits the most people in the long run.

D) businesses in developing countries would be protected from unfair competition.

E) international trade ensures environmental protection in industry.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 10.3: Structural Adjustment Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.3.4: Explain alternate strategies for coping with the costs of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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82)

Use Figure 10-9 to answer the question. Which developing region has experienced the greatest increase in HDI? A) Southeast Asia B) Southwest Asia & North Africa C) Central Asia D) East Asia E) South Asia Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Measuring Progress Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.1a: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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83)

Use Figure 10-9 to answer the question. Which developed region has had the greatest increase in HDI? A) North America B) South America C) Russia D) South Pacific E) Japan and South Korea Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Measuring Progress Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.1a: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills; 7: Demonstrate the ability to make connections between concepts across Geography

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84) For which indicator has the gap between developed and developing widened since 1980?

A) human development index (HDI) B) life expectancy C) mean years of education D) per capita gross national income (GNI) E) food security Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Measuring Progress Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.1b: Describe ways in which differences in development have increased Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 85) Which global effort was replaced by the Sustainable Development Goals?

A) structural adjustment programs B) stimulus programs C) UN Millennium Goals D) Fair Trade movements E) World Bank lending practices Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Measuring Progress Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.1a: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed; 10.4.1b: Describe ways in which differences in development have increased Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 86) Which is NOT one of the Sustainable Development Goals?

A) achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls B) ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns C) promote economic growth and industrialization through urban development D) conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources E) end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Measuring Progress Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.1a: Describe ways in which differences in development have narrowed; 10.4.1b: Describe ways in which differences in development have increased Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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87) On average, producers receive only 1 percent of the price of the good. In contrast, fair trade returns which portion of the price?

A) one-tenth B) one-quarter C) one-third D) two-thirds E) three-quarters Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Fair Trade Standards Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.2: Explain principles of fair trade Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 88) Which would NOT be a goal of fair trade producer standards?

A) raise incomes of small-scale farmers B) distribute profit and risk more equitably across the production chain C) increase entrepreneurial skills D) increase the role of individual governments in management of the businesses E) promote safe and sustainable agriculture and working conditions Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Fair Trade Standards Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.2: Explain principles of fair trade Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 89) Which is a characteristic of cooperatives?

A) democratically governed organizations that improve the community B) short-lived stepping stones to traditional sales organizations C) have limited appeal in communities because there is no opportunity for participation D) typically owned by corporations E) largely financed by commercial lenders Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.2: Explain principles of fair trade Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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90) Which is NOT a characteristic of the fair trade movement?

A) Developing countries institute standards to protect workers.

B) Fair Trade business practices increase entrepreneurial and managerial skills of producers.

C) Cooperatives benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners.

D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards.

E) Protection of workers' rights by multinational corporations.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 10.4: Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 10.4.2: Explain principles of fair trade Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 91) How do the percentages of primary, secondary, and tertiary sector workers differ in developing and developed countries?

Answer: A developing country has a higher percentage of primary sector workers who make their living in activities such as mining and logging; a developed country has higher percentages of secondary and tertiary sector workers who make their living providing services or converting raw materials in the manufacturing process.

Diff: 3 Section: 10.1: A Decent Standard of Living Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 10.1.2: Explain the HDI standard of living factor Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 92) The U.N. considers education to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge necessary for development. Identify and define the two critical education metrics used in HDI. Answer: Years of Schooling for today's adults measures the number of years the average person aged 25 or older has spent in school, a low number represents limited access to education.

Expected years of schooling for today's youth measures the number of years an average 5-year old will spend in school. Years of school is a good measure to use because the ability of an individual to earn a living and contribute to the economy, and well-being of their family, is directly linked to educational levels obtained.

Diff: 3 Section: 10.1: Access to Knowledge Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 10.1.3: Explain the HDI education factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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93) In terms of development, the world has been viewed as having a core and a periphery. a) What is the World-systems Theory and how does it describe the world spatially? b) List 2 countries in the core and 2 countries in the periphery and describe their locations. c) Indicate how the potential for a periphery nation to develop is tied to the core nations. d) Explain how these traditional concepts are being challenged.

Answer: a) Developed by Emmanuel Wallerstein, World-Systems Theory identified a core and a periphery on the globe, where by the more developed nations are typically found in the global north (forming a core) and the developing nations found in the global south (periphery); b) Germany and the United States (but also any 2 developed nations) and India and Argentina (many other examples); developed found in Europe, North America or East Asia for example, while developing are in the southern hemisphere; c) The development of India and Argentina (for example) are tied to loans, trade agreements, and decisions made by transnational corporations in the core countries. Health of all economies tied to each other; and d) The rise of China, India, the Four Dragons, etc. are challenging this model so that the future will likely show a more dispersed global core and less pronounced geographical (southern) periphery.

Diff: 4 Section: 10.2: Unequal & Uneven Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.2.1: Describe the U.N.'s measures of inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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94)

Use Figure 10-10 to answer the question. a) Describe the distribution of income inequality within the United Kingdom. b) Identify what factors contribute to the distribution shown.

Answer: a) Per capita gross national income is much higher in the southern counties of the country while the north and east are characterized by rural, less developed regions; and b) Explanation of higher GNI in the south is be attributed to the capital, port, and proximity to Europe, and with higher wages associated with manufacturing and service jobs. The economy of the east and north more likely be based on primary sector work that pays less.

Diff: 3 Section: 10.2: Inequality Within Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 10.2.2: Describe patterns of regional inequality within developing and developed countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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95) The gender inequality index in the United States is .189 whereas it is .092 in Canada. a) Define GII. b) Explain the difference in the scores on the GII for these two countries and identify and explain factors that could account for Canada's better score.

Answer: a) The GII is an indicator constructed by the U.N. to measure the extent of each country's gender inequality in terms of reproductive health, empowerment, and the labor market; and b) The United States tends to rank lower in this category due to issues of reproductive health of women, associated with lack of universal health care and social indicators such as lack of economic opportunity for low-income and minority women. This contributes to a high maternal mortality rate as well as a high adolescent fertility rate. The United States also has a lower percentage of women elected to national office as compared to Canada, a factor related to empowerment. Canada has universal health care systems and a higher percentage of women elected to parliament.

Diff: 3 Section: 10.2: Gender Inequality Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 10.2.3: Describe the U.N.'s measures of gender inequality Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 96) Who are the Four Asian Dragons and how did their adoption of an "international trade" policy change their economic conditions?

Answer: Answers may very but should identify South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong and focus on manufacturing / secondary economic activity. They capitalized on the resources that they were able to identify within their countries: abundance of low-cost labor, and their ability to export goods cheaply.

Diff: 3 Section: 10.3: Two Paths to Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 10.3.1: Summarize the two paths of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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97) Compare and contrast the roles of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in financing development.

Answer: Answers may very but should speak to the differences in the intentions of the funding organization Compare: Both agencies focus on providing loans to countries to enhance economic and social development. Contrast: IMF policies typically focus on balance of payments (debt-repayment) issues and conditions that would threaten international trade, while the World Bank provides loans by selling bonds for local development, such as infrastructure projects or reform public institutions.

Diff: 3 Section: 10.3: Financing Development Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 10.3.3: Identify the main sources of financing development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 98) India is a country that provides an example of the two approaches to development. a) Compare and contrast the conditions of development in India under the self-sufficiency and the international trade models. b) Explain which path has led to India's development and why.

Answer: a) The self-sufficiency model after independence worked to shelter India's manufacturing industry from external competition, while the requirement for licenses, a limit on imports, and taxes on imported goods limited trade. This allowed for industry to have guaranteed internal markets. After switching to the international trade approach, India allowed international companies to set up businesses in the country, allowed competition which sparked innovation, and tariffs and taxes on imports were reduced or eliminated; and b) Under the international trade model, India has experienced rapid growth in GDP; there has also been a reduction in corruption and the black market.

Diff: 2 Section: 10.3: World Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 10.3.2: Analyze reasons for the triumph of the international trade approach to development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 99) What social and economic conditions favored the emergence of the Fair Trade standards?

Answer: Answers may very but should speak to concerns of justice, profit distribution, valuing work and the desire to contribute to improved international equity.

Diff: 3 Section: 10.4: Fair Trade Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 10.4.2: Explain principles of fair trade Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 11 Industry & Energy 1) Which is the distinctive feature of the cottage industry system?

A) hand-made luxury goods B) home-based manufacturing C) use of machinery in production D) factories located near worker residences E) mass production Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) Which best describes the Industrial Revolution?

A) the rapid concurrent introduction of industrial technology across Europe and North America B) rapid introduction of technology in Britain's colonies C) a gradual diffusion of new ideas in industry accompanied by social, economic and political inventions D) a significant population decline, moving Europe into Stage 2 of the demographic transition E) it was based on the building of railroads in North America before Europe Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 3) The Industrial Revolution began in A) the United Kingdom.

B) Japan.

C) Russia.

D) the United States.

E) the Fertile Crescent.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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4) The beginnings of the Industrial Revolution can be traced back to A) the late 1500s.

B) the late 1600s.

C) the late 1700s.

D) the late 1800s.

E) the late 1900s.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) Which pattern describes the geographic distribution of industry prior to the Industrial Revolution?

A) clustered B) concentrated C) dispersed D) random E) nonexistent Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 6) Which technology facilitated the transition from cottage industries to factory production?

A) the sterilized bottle industry for food canning B) a dispersion of railroads across the United Kingdom to transport products C) spinning frames for cotton and textile production D) the steam engine E) heated ovens in the iron tool industry Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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7) The growth of which industry was LEAST affected by the diffusion of technology?

A) textiles B) food processing C) iron smelting D) coal mining E) chemicals Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8) Which list identifies the sequence of improvements in transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

A) horse and buggy to barges B) canals to railroads C) oxen to trucks D) canals to airplanes E) steamboats to canals Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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9)

Use Figure 11-1 to answer the question. The diffusion of the Industrial Revolution was delayed in part because European railways were A) not built in Russia until 1836.

B) not built in France until 1826.

C) not built in Russia until after 1876.

D) built in Russia, France, and Serbia by 1856.

E) not built in Greece until after 1876.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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10)

Use Figure 11-1 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding railways during the Industrial Revolution?

A) Nearly all of Eastern Europe was connected by rail in 1848.

B) Rail lines connected Paris to France's southern coast by 1848.

C) France had a more comprehensive rail network than the United Kingdom in 1848.

D) Poland had no rail lines in 1848.

E) Rail lines connected London to many parts of the island of Great Britain by 1848.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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11) Which country is NOT among the four countries that produce 50 percent of the world's industrial output?

A) Japan B) the United States C) the United Kingdom D) China E) Germany Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy; 11.2: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution; 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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12)

Use Figure 11-2 to answer the question. Which two large industrial producing countries are located outside of the three world regions where industry is concentrated?

A) India and Pakistan B) Brazil and Colombia C) Ukraine and Brazil D) China and India E) Argentina and India Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Introducing Industry & Energy; 11.2: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.1: Summarize the causes of the Industrial Revolution; 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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13)

Use Figure 11-3 to answer the question. Italy's Po River Basin developed as an industrial area A) and now represents one-fourth of the country's industry.

B) because it has cheaper labor compared to southern Italy and the island of Sicily.

C) by taking advantage of expensive hydroelectricity from the Alps but inexpensive nuclear energy from France.

D) in the twenty-first century to become Southern Europe's newest industrial area.

E) by taking advantage of inexpensive hydroelectricity from the Alps.

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Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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14)

Use Figure 11-3 to answer the question. Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all of the following EXCEPT A) the United Kingdom.

B) the Rhine-Ruhr valley.

C) the Mid-Rhine.

D) Northern Italy.

E) Portugal and western Spain.

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Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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15)

Use Figure 11-4 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding the industrial areas of North America?

A) Industry is dispersed evenly throughout the United States and Canada.

B) The industrial regions of California are more extensive than those of the Midwest and the Northeast combined.

C) Industry is clustered in and around the Great Lakes in both Canada and the United States.

D) Canada's industrial areas near Toronto are nearly as extensive as those of the northeastern United States near Boston.

E) Canada's far west and the U.S. South have become the continent's principal industrial zones.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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16)

Use Figure 11-4 to answer the question. Which of the following is Canada's most important industrial area?

A) Vancouver, British Columbia B) the St. Lawrence Valley in southeast Ontario C) the northern shore of Lake Superior D) the seaports of Nova Scotia E) the entire southern border shared with the United States Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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17) East Asia's industrial areas developed because of A) export-oriented manufacturing of electronics.

B) oil production.

C) agricultural economies.

D) World War II financing.

E) even distribution throughout the Koreas.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 18)

Use Figure 11-5 to answer the question. East Asia represents the most recent and fastest growing of the world's industrial areas. Which of the following is NOT a factor in their success?

A) Organized labor unions that bargain for higher wages.

B) The ability to produce large quantities of consumer products.

C) The ability to purchase large quantities of consumer products.

D) Large ports on coastal cities.

E) An emphasis on a variety of high-quality products for export.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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19)

Use Figure 11-5 to answer the question. In East Asia's industrial areas, the chief concentrations of manufacturing in the region include A) the area due east of the Gulf of Bai Hai. B) the river valley east of Wuhan.

C) the river valley east of Shanghai.

D) the western coast of Japan and eastern coast of Korea.

E) central China.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Section: 11.1: Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.2: Describe the locations of the three principal industrial regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 20) An industry in which employee costs are a high percentage of expenses is called a A) sweatshop.

B) high-wage industry.

C) labor-intensive industry.

D) white collar career.

E) union shop.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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21) Which is NOT associated with post-Fordist production?

A) teams B) consensus C) leveling D) increased productivity E) complex organizational charts Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 22) Which type of production model is associated with post-Fordist work places?

A) high-tech assembly lines B) flexible problem-solving work teams C) mass production auto assembly D) computer-run factories E) white collar factories Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 23) In contrast to Fordist production, post-Fordist production is more likely to A) introduce more flexible work rules.

B) place greater importance on site factors.

C) assign each worker only one task.

D) include repetitive and simple tasks.

E) require larger inventories of parts.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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24) The relationship between wages in Europe or North America contrasts sharply with wages in a country like China. Which of the following is the correct comparison of dollars per hour factory wages between these regions?

A) 35; 2 B) 75; 15 C) 35; 10 D) 100; 20 E) 45; 2 Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 25) The spatial clustering of high-tech industry in Silicon Valley, California resulted from A) skilled labor and venture capital.

B) tax holidays and climate amenities.

C) skilled labor and climate amenities.

D) venture capital and tax holidays.

E) the Pacific Rim economy and quantity of banks.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 26) Which factor of production is geographically static and immobile?

A) labor B) capital C) land D) talent E) communications Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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27) Which of the following is NOT true about contemporary factories?

A) They tend to cluster in industrial parks.

B) They tend to be located proximate to suburban highway junctions.

C) They are function best in a single-story building.

D) They require proximity to rail lines.

E) They tend to locate on rural or suburban land because of lower taxes.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 28) Location factors related to the transportation of materials to and from a factory are called A) market forces.

B) situation factors.

C) site factors.

D) labor supply.

E) single-market factors.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 29) The only step of the copper production process that is NOT significantly bulk-reducing is A) refining.

B) concentration.

C) mining.

D) smelting.

E) ore extraction.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

18 ..

30) The step of the copper production process that involves the crushing and grinding of particles is A) concentration.

B) refining.

C) mining.

D) smelting.

E) transportation.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31) A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper mine because it is a A) bulk-reducing industry.

B) perishable industry.

C) bulk-gaining industry.

D) specialized manufacturer.

E) single-market manufacturer.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 32) Which of the following is non-metallic mineral?

A) nickel B) tin C) lead D) phosphorus E) gold Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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33)

Use Figure 11-6 to answer the question. Which country is NOT a source of copper?

A) Chile B) Mexico C) Peru D) Brazil E) Canada Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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34)

Use Figure 11-7 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding the U.S. copper industry?

A) New Mexico has more refineries than Texas.

B) More copper is mined in Utah than in New Mexico.

C) Most smelters are located in Utah and Arizona.

D) The most smelters are in California and Texas.

E) Most of the refineries are located and Michigan.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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35) Metal fabrication plants are classified as bulk-gaining industries because A) they are located near the mines.

B) separate parts are combined to make more complex products.

C) refineries import most material from other countries.

D) parts suppliers package shipments in bulk containers for processing in the plants.

E) parts suppliers supply components with just-in-time management.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 36) Situation costs are a consideration for a firm that wishes to A) avoid skilled laborers.

B) minimize production costs inside the plant.

C) minimize transport costs.

D) identify unique characteristics of a particular industry.

E) utilize a new technology.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 37) Producers of automobiles select assembly plant locations primarily based on their proximity to A) government subsidies.

B) labor markets.

C) markets for finished automobiles.

D) raw materials.

E) water transportation.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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38) Which of the following would NOT be considered a single-market manufacturer?

A) cheese and dairy manufacturers B) pin manufacturers C) zipper manufacturers D) car part manufacturers E) button manufacturers Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 39) Cola bottling is an example of a A) perishable-product industry.

B) single-market industry.

C) bulk-gaining industry.

D) bulk-reducing industry.

E) labor intensive industry.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 40) Fabricated metal production is an example of a A) perishable-product industry.

B) single-market industry.

C) bulk-gaining industry.

D) bulk-reducing industry.

E) labor intensive industry.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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41) Even though proximity to markets is important for automobile manufacturers, which of the following is NOT TRUE of the industry?

A) As a fabricated metal product built on wheels, cars and trucks are easy to ship.

B) The plant is likely to be local, but the manufacturer's nationality is usually not.

C) North America, followed by Europe, account for the majority of sales.

D) Americans prefer to buy vehicles manufactured in Japan and Europe.

E) In North America, Auto Alley identifies a manufacturing region that runs from Texas to Wisconsin.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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42)

Use Figure 11-8 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE about the changing distribution of automobile assembly plants in North America?

A) Most of the recent closures have been in the southeastern United States.

B) Plants that have remained open are clustered in the northeastern United States.

C) Most of the new plants opened have been west of the Mississippi.

D) New plants are clustered in the southern United States and Mexico.

E) The distribution of assembly plants along the Great Lakes has not changed since the 1990s.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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43) Eastern North America became the continent's manufacturing center in part because it had access to the continent's A) largest markets.

B) most extensive sources of essential raw materials.

C) newest highway systems.

D) most advantageous climate.

E) oceangoing transportation links to Asia.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 44) Because the motor vehicle assembly industry is a bulk-gaining industry and uses s a just-intime system, the most important factor when selecting a location for a new Toyota or Honda assembly plant in the United States might be A) minimizing the cost of shipping finished vehicles to its customers.

B) minimizing the cost of shipping inputs and outputs in relation to customers.

C) maximizing delivery time to customers.

D) the location of railroads.

E) the location of waterways.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets; 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets; 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 45) A company will choose to locate near break-of-bulk points when they use more than one A) mode of transport.

B) consumer market.

C) raw material.

D) type of labor.

E) energy supply.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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46) Which problem did Japan overcome in order to become a global industrial power?

A) high labor costs B) abundant energy sources C) distance from consumers D) weak consumer demand E) proximity to China Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 47) Although transportation costs increase because of intermittent break-of-bulk points, the lowest-cost transportation mode for very long distances is A) truck.

B) train.

C) ship.

D) airplane.

E) rocket.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 48) Even though containers can be transferred to trucks or trains, containerization was developed to facilitate long-distance shipping by A) truck.

B) train.

C) ship.

D) airplane.

E) drone.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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49) The owner of a business selling fresh oysters from Louisiana would likely be located near A) a train station.

B) an international port.

C) a long-distance truck depot.

D) a UPS store.

E) an airport.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 50) The shipment of manufacturing inputs in a manner that allows for production flexibility is known as A) break of bulk shipment.

B) intensive industry situation factor.

C) right to work legislation.

D) just-in-time production.

E) containerization of goods.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 51) Which list identifies disruptions that can affect just-in-time delivery manufacturing?

A) labor unrest, elections, and highway construction B) natural hazards, traffic, and labor unrest C) warehouse sales, quality control, and natural hazards D) highway construction, labor unrest, and invoice management programs E) outsourcing, traffic, and elections Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

28 ..

52) Which of the following could be a disadvantage of the just-in-time delivery model?

A) The inability to conduct long-term planning for staffing and sales.

B) Rapid turn-around of sale and delivery.

C) Making products only in response to orders.

D) Reduced need for warehouses and storage of inventory.

E) Proximity to markets eliminates impacts of bad weather.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 53) Which best describes the location of petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia & North Africa?

A) clustered primarily on the Arabian Peninsula B) dispersed throughout the region C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea D) primarily in Syria and Iraq E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.1: Identify the principal sources of energy supply and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 54) Which fuel source has declined the most since the 1900s?

A) coal B) hydropower C) wood D) geothermal E) natural gas Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.1: Identify the principal sources of energy supply and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

29 ..

55) The highest per capita consumption of energy is in North America, but by 2040, developing countries will consume which percentage of the world's fossil fuels?

A) 40 B) 50 C) 60 D) 70 E) 80 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.1: Identify the principal sources of energy supply and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 56) Which of the following is NOT an activity in the United States that consumes a large amount of energy?

A) industry B) recreation C) transportation D) homes E) commercial activity Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.1: Identify the principal sources of energy supply and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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57) Which statement about energy demand is CORRECT? A) The United States consumes more energy that China.

B) With only one-twentieth of the world' population North America consumes about a quarter of the world's energy supply.

C) The consumption of fossil fuels has been increasing at a more rapid rate in developed countries.

D) Most of the world's energy resources are found in developed countries.

E) The primary fuel used in U.S. industries is coal.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.1: Identify the principal sources of energy supply and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 58) Which statement about fossil fuels is correct?

A) Fossils fuels are examples of renewable energy sources.

B) Developed countries consume far more fossil fuels than developing countries.

C) Fossil fuel reserves are evenly distributed between developed and developing countries.

D) The United States is leading the way in minimizing reliance on fossil fuels.

E) Prior to the invention of the automobile, petroleum was not in high demand as a fuel.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Energy Supply & Demand Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.2.1: Identify the principal sources of energy supply and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) Which of the following is NOT true about the world's energy supply?

A) Thirty-three percent of the world's natural gas is produced in Southwest Asia and Russia.

B) Approximately 50 percent of the world's coal reserves are found in China.

C) Russia and Saudi Arabia provide at least 25 percent of the world's petroleum.

D) The United States produces 50 percent of the world's petroleum output.

E) Thirty-three percent of the world's natural gas comes from the United States and other developed countries.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.2: Describe the distribution of fossil fuel production and reserves Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31 ..

60)

Use Figure 11-9 to answer the question. Coal production in the United States is A) less than that of South Africa.

B) greater than Russia but less than Venezuela.

C) less than that of India.

D) greater than Australia or Canada.

E) less than any other large country.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.2.2: Describe the distribution of fossil fuel production and reserves Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 61) The supply of energy remaining in discovered deposits is known as A) a potential reserve.

B) reserve profitability.

C) a proven reserve.

D) exhausted reserve potential.

E) mostly in tropical locations.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.2: Describe the distribution of fossil fuel production and reserves Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 32 ..

62) Which South American country has significant proven petroleum reserves?

A) Colombia B) Venezuela C) Chile D) Argentina E) Uruguay Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.2: Describe the distribution of fossil fuel production and reserves Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 63) At the current rate of demand, how long are the world's proven reserves of coal expected to last?

A) 30 years B) 75 years C) 90 years D) 110 years E) 145 years Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.2: Describe the distribution of fossil fuel production and reserves Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

33 ..

64)

Use Figure 11-10 to answer the question. Which statement best describes the current status of current fossil fuel reserves?

A) Coal will continue to be used at a high rate as the reserves are located in developed countries.

B) The distribution of petroleum reserves matches the regions of demand and consumption.

C) Natural gas reserves are concentrated in developed countries.

D) Developing countries have the major share of the world's coal reserves.

E) Natural gas and petroleum resources are concentrated in developing countries.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.2: Describe the distribution of fossil fuel production and reserves Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 65) Which is the main reason why OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, was established?

A) to support foreign-owned transnational oil companies in Southwest Asian countries in 1972 B) to control oil prices after 9/11/2001 C) to gain control of oil production, profits, and pricing in 1960 D) to thank the United States after Reagan's attack on Libya in 1986 E) to raise prices in response to Desert Storm in 1991 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Petroleum Challenges Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.3: Analyze changing patterns of oil trade and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

34 ..

66) Which country is the largest supplier of petroleum to the United States?

A) Saudi Arabia B) Canada C) Venezuela D) Kuwait E) Nigeria Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Petroleum Challenges Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.3: Analyze changing patterns of oil trade and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 67) Which of the following is NOT a problems associated with exploiting potential reserves of petroleum?

A) the increased cost of exploration and technology B) the falling value of petroleum on the world market C) risks associated with deep sea drilling D) pipeline construction that may be controversial for environmental reasons E) the remote location of remaining reserves Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Petroleum Challenges Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.3: Analyze changing patterns of oil trade and demand Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68) Factories have reduced demand for petroleum by A) consuming more coal.

B) consuming more nuclear energy.

C) switching to solar power.

D) switching to natural gas.

E) purchasing less to save money.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.4: Evaluate possible future options for fossil fuels Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

35 ..

69) Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking is most closely associated with extracting A) coal.

B) copper.

C) diamonds.

D) petroleum.

E) natural gas.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.4: Evaluate possible future options for fossil fuels Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 70) Throughout history, oil prices have experienced dramatic price changes. Which is NOT an event that led to a sharp fluctuation in the price per barrel?

A) OPEC's refusal to sell oil to allies of Israel in 1973 resulting in higher prices B) the end of the Iran-Iraq war in 1988 resulting in lower prices C) control of the supply in Southwest Asia by oil companies in the early 70s keeping prices low D) removal of all U.S. government subsidies in 1980 to major oil companies like Exxon-Mobil causing increased prices E) the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and Iran-Iraq war triggering oil shortages and higher prices Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.2.4: Evaluate possible future options for fossil fuels Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface; 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

36 ..

71)

Use Figure 11-11 to answer the question. Natural gas fields in the United States are located in A) Texas but not Oregon.

B) the Gulf of Mexico but not the Midwest.

C) the East but not the West.

D) throughout the Southeast.

E) the North but not the South.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.2.4: Evaluate possible future options for fossil fuels Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

37 ..

72)

Use Figure 11-11 to answer the question. Which describes potential sites for hydraulic fracking of natural gas?

A) not plentiful in Texas and Ohio B) located in Illinois and Wisconsin C) There is a greater concentration of natural gas fields in the north.

D) There is a high concentration of natural gas fields in the Gulf of Mexico.

E) The lowest number of natural gas fields are in Oklahoma and Texas.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.2.4: Evaluate possible future options for fossil fuels Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

38 ..

73) The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved A) a nuclear explosion high in the atmosphere.

B) a nuclear missile that misfired and exploded.

C) a runaway reaction at a nuclear power facility.

D) a massive leak and fire at an oil exploration platform.

E) an explosion and fire at a natural gas field.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 74) Where did the Chernobyl incident occur?

A) the United States B) Cuba C) the Soviet Union D) India E) China Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 75) Following a massive earthquake in 2011, which country experienced a nuclear meltdown?

A) Russia B) North Korea C) Japan D) Vietnam E) the Philippines Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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76) Which of the following is NOT true about nuclear energy?

A) Nuclear power plants can experience a runaway reaction–meltdown rather than an explosion.

B) Uranium is a nonrenewable resource.

C) Nuclear fusion has been developed to its full capacity.

D) Radioactive waste storage causes concern over leakage and contamination of groundwater.

E) The cost of nuclear power plants is very high due to elaborate safety protocols.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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77)

Use Figure 11-12 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE regarding nuclear power generation in the United States?

A) Nuclear plants are only located near rivers and ports for easy international export.

B) Nuclear plants generate at least 25 percent of energy in oil-rich states such as Oklahoma and Texas.

C) Nuclear facilities are located mostly in remote areas to provide easy access to radioactive waste disposal.

D) Nuclear energy is only generated in states that have industrial-based economies.

E) Arizona is the only state west of the Mississippi that generates more than 25 percent of electricity from nuclear power.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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78) Which is NOT a challenge to relying on nuclear power as an alternative to fossil fuels?

A) The large amount of energy released through fission.

B) Radioactive waste resulting from the process of fission.

C) Uneven distribution of uranium deposits and reserves.

D) Risks of meltdown and release of harmful materials.

E) High construction and safety costs associated with nuclear plants.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 79) International tensions are associated with nuclear energy because A) the countries that use nuclear energy also have nuclear weapons to threaten their neighbors.

B) fission reactions and meltdown by-products can be used as chemical warfare.

C) the location of uranium mines and its transportation across hostile states.

D) chemical components of uranium that can be used to manufacture plutonium and bombs.

E) of potential terrorist control of nuclear mining technology.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 80) Which country has used geothermal energy to heat homes and businesses in its capital city?

A) Greenland B) Canada's Newfoundland C) Indonesia D) Iceland E) New Zealand Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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81) Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source?

A) wind B) methane gas C) hydroelectric D) biomass E) geothermal Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 82) The potential for increasing the use of biomass for fuel is limited because A) it already serves an essential purpose other than energy, including providing food and shelter.

B) subsidies are not offered to grow biofuels.

C) technology cannot accommodate biomass GMO crops.

D) the automobile producers have embraced fuel efficient, small vehicles so the need has declined.

E) foreign-manufactured cars are not equipped to handle ethanol fuels.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 83) The most optimal location for wind power development in the United States is A) the Great Lakes region.

B) the Plains states.

C) the southeast coastal states.

D) Texas and "tornado alley."

E) the Pacific Northwest and northern California.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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84) A significant drawback to wind power is A) turbines obstructing the landscape.

B) the novelty of windmill technology raises the risk.

C) the cost of the turbines requires significant capital investment.

D) oil companies oppose it.

E) few areas in the world would benefit.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 85) Hydroelectric power is the second most popular fuel used to generate electricity after A) nuclear power.

B) wind turbines.

C) biomass.

D) solar.

E) coal.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 86) The most populous country dependent on hydroelectric power is A) Russia.

B) the United States.

C) Brazil.

D) Norway.

E) Austria.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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87) A greenhouse is an example of a(n) A) active solar energy system.

B) biomass generator.

C) nonrenewable energy source.

D) passive solar energy system.

E) fusion system.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Solar Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.7: Compare passive and active solar energy Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 88) Photovoltaic cells are a component part of A) nuclear power plants.

B) geothermal energy generation.

C) active solar energy systems.

D) wind turbines.

E) biomass collection.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Solar Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.7: Compare passive and active solar energy Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 89) Both direct and indirect electric conversion of solar radiation is associated with A) active solar energy systems.

B) passive solar energy systems.

C) calibrated solar energy systems.

D) graduated solar energy systems.

E) coordinated solar energy systems.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Solar Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.7: Compare passive and active solar energy Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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90) Which of the following is NOT true about solar energy?

A) One can find solar panels for sale in the bazaars of Morocco.

B) Solar energy is often a first choice in remote locations.

C) Solar power is used to provide hot water in places like Israel and Japan.

D) Solar power is widely used in the United States, providing over 20 percent of its electricity.

E) Passive solar energy systems increased in the nineteenth century with the use of glass windows.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Solar Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.7: Compare passive and active solar energy Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 91) Which of the following would NOT explain the delays in a more widely distributed use of solar energy?

A) The inexpensive supply of petroleum following WWII. B) Extensive energy company investment in other energy sources such as nuclear.

C) The habit of relying on cheap coal to generate electricity.

D) The high cost of producing and purchasing photovoltaic cells.

E) Lack of knowledge or available technology to harness the energy of the Sun. Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.2: Solar Energy Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.2.7: Compare passive and active solar energy Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 92) Which statement is TRUE about air pollution?

A) It is mostly a problem in East and South Asian cities.

B) It is only a problem in urban areas.

C) Most is generated from power plants and factories.

D) It is only associated with hydrocarbons.

E) It is less pervasive than acid rain.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 46 ..

93) Which of the following activities is NOT a major source of pollution?

A) The burning of coal to produce electricity.

B) Emissions from factories.

C) Contaminants released into water at a greater concentration than can be dispersed.

D) The burning of petroleum in motor vehicles.

E) The production of electricity using hydroelectric power.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 94) Which of the following is NOT true about acid precipitation?

A) It kills the flora and fauna in lakes.

B) It injures plants by depriving them of nutrients on land.

C) It corrodes marble and limestone buildings.

D) It converts CFCs to acid.

E) It has had the highest concentrations in the eastern states of the United States.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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95) The increase in Earth's temperature, caused by carbon dioxide trapping some of the radiation emitted from the Earth's surface, is called A) the photochemical smog effect.

B) an inversion layer.

C) the greenhouse effect.

D) the solar declination effect.

E) the stratospheric effect.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 96) Which outcome is a potential result of damage to the ozone layer?

A) Ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere would be completely absorbed.

B) Humans and plants would grow too large in size under UV light.

C) A shortage of chlorofluorocarbons needed for refrigeration.

D) Disruption of food chains and other sources of life on Earth.

E) Leaks of freon emissions from the Sun that cause skin cancer on Earth.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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97) As a country's per capita income increases, its per capita carbon dioxide emissions may A) decrease.

B) also increase.

C) begin to decrease, at first slowly and then rapidly.

D) remain about the same.

E) increase for a few years, then remain stable, and then begin to decrease.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 98) Which factors contribute to the problem of air pollution at the local scale?

A) acid rain from industry contaminants combined with auto emissions B) residuals released in open areas such as fields and oceans C) slight winds, temperature inversions, and trapped particulates D) heavy rain, concentrated geothermal buildings, and industrial particulates E) photochemical smog, cool air, and sulfur dioxides Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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99)

Use Figure 11-13 to answer the question. Which answer correctly describes the trend in emissions, beginning with the year when carbon dioxide emissions were approximately 300 PPM? A) in the year 1900 and 400 PPM in the year 2000 B) in the year 1900 and 375 PPM in the year 2000 C) in the year 1980 and 375 PPM in the year 2000 D) in the year 1900 and 350 PPM in the year 2000 E) in the year 1950 and 400 PPM in the year 1980 Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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100) Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of A) low-cost labor.

B) low-cost coal-fired power plants.

C) low-cost hydroelectricity.

D) aluminum oxide.

E) transportation infrastructure.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 101) Which economic activity is largely associated with consumptive water use?

A) car wash services B) laundromats C) tubing recreation D) agriculture E) coal mining Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 102) Which is NOT likely to contribute to the large per capita consumption of water in North America?

A) inefficient municipal pipes B) meat consumption C) crop irrigation D) industrial use E) evaporation in agricultural use or from reservoirs Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 51 ..

103) Which region has the highest per capita consumption of water in the world?

A) East Asia B) South Asia C) Europe D) South America E) North America Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 104) The presence of "pond scum" of algae indicates A) a decaying water body due to increased salinity.

B) excessive aquatic plant production due to farm fertilizer run off.

C) effluents from the factories killing plant life.

D) excessive evaporation.

E) reduced water supply.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 105) Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing?

A) factory discharge of warm water into a lake – point-source-pollution B) municipal treatment plant – point-source pollution C) fertilizer runoff – nonpoint-source pollution D) dumping chemicals (such as motor oil and antifreeze) into storm drains – point-source pollution E) precipitation that collect airborne contaminants – nonpoint-source pollution Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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106) The term that describes the amount of oxygen required by aquatic bacteria to decompose a given amount of organic waste is A) biochemical oxygen demand.

B) carbon dioxide levels.

C) chlorofluorocarbon quantity.

D) air quality index.

E) hydrofluorocarbon measure.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 107) Which statement about point-source pollution is NOT TRUE? A) Point-source pollution is easier to detect and repair.

B) Point source pollutants are typically smaller than non-point sources.

C) Common examples include fertilizers and chemicals from agriculture.

D) Common examples include steel, chemical, food, and paper manufacturers.

E) Wastewater treatment plants are point-source polluters.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 11.3: Water Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.2: Compare and contrast point and nonpoint sources of water pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 108) What accounts for the largest share of solid waste in the United States?

A) tin cans B) frozen food trays C) paper products D) beer bottles E) electronics Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.3: Describe principal strategies for reducing solid waste pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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109) The principal method used to reduce the amount of solid waste pollution is A) educational programming aimed at minimizing consumption.

B) concentrating waste in sanitary landfills.

C) switching to lighter-weight packaging.

D) shipping waste by truck or barge to developing countries.

E) the opening of smaller community dumps to minimize land use.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.3: Describe principal strategies for reducing solid waste pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 110) Breathing or consuming toxic waste A) can cause cancer, chronic ailments or mutations.

B) is rare because toxic wastes are properly disposed of.

C) is only a problem in areas in the former manufacturing belt.

D) is only a concern in China's industrial sites.

E) is associated with the plastics in the Great Lakes.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.3: Describe principal strategies for reducing solid waste pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 111) Which states are the biggest exporters of solid waste?

A) California, Nevada, and Arizona B) New York, New Jersey, and Illinois C) Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico D) Washington, Oregon, and Idaho E) Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Maryland Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Solid Waste Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.3: Describe principal strategies for reducing solid waste pollution Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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112) Which of the following is NOT true concerning recycling?

A) Aluminum scrap is readily accepted for recycling.

B) Glass can be reused without loss of quality.

C) Plastics use a numbering system to indicate the types that can be recycled.

D) Newspaper recycling has declined as paper pulp prices have declined.

E) Mixed color glass is not profitable for recycling.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.4a: Explain the concept of recycling Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 113) The reuse of unwanted material is called A) refurbishing.

B) recycling.

C) rebranding.

D) redesigning.

E) reselling.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.4a: Explain the concept of recycling Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 114) All of the following are options for recycling items no longer needed EXCEPT A) turning it into art.

B) dropping it off at a municipal container.

C) taking advantage of curbside pick-up.

D) returning it to a retailer and receiving the deposit back.

E) selling it to a buy-back center.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.4a: Explain the concept of recycling Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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115) Which material is 100 percent recyclable?

A) paper B) metal C) tin D) plastic E) glass Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.4a: Explain the concept of recycling; 11.3.4b: Explain the concept of remanufacturing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 116) Restoration of a 1967 classic car is an example of A) vertical integration.

B) recycling.

C) remanufacturing.

D) lean production.

E) a cottage industry.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.3: Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.3.4b: Explain the concept of remanufacturing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 117) Maintaining control over all phases of a highly complex production process, as opposed to outsourcing, is known as A) vertical integration.

B) the new international division of labor.

C) convergence.

D) right-to-work.

E) horizontal integration.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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118) The new international division of labor reflects the growing importance of A) outsourcing.

B) vertical integration.

C) access to raw materials.

D) new infrastructure.

E) just-in-time inventory management.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 119) Industry is increasingly concentrated in developing rather than developed regions because of A) vertical integration that frees developed countries from performing unskilled labor.

B) a review of production costs to ensure fair wages to all sectors of the manufacturing process.

C) the higher costs of fossil fuel energy resources in developed countries.

D) the ability to outsource production to independent suppliers anywhere in the world.

E) the reduced competition in global markets for goods manufactured in developed countries.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 120) Which best completes the sentence: Production facilities in Mexico, known as maquiladora plants A) must operate far from the U.S.-Mexico border.

B) employ more than five million laborers.

C) have an advantage of proximity to Latin American markets.

D) have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets.

E) have grown in number as factories have been closed in China.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 57 ..

121) Which best completes the statement: Corporations that outsource to Mexico for manufacturing of car parts, may A) rely on situation factors such as rivers and inexpensive land in central Mexico.

B) ensure profits through high tariffs that suppress U.S. sales.

C) use obsolete production processes compared with most U.S. assembly plants.

D) take advantage of lax environmental enforcement.

E) be unable to find enough laborers to work for low wages.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 122) Which of the following factors explains Mexico's emergence as an industrial area?

A) unenforced immigration laws under NAFTA that created labor shortages B) abundant low-wage and low-skilled laborers with market proximity to the United States C) a slowing of China's economy due to energy shortages, eliminating competition for jobs D) the growing affluence across Latin America increasing the demand for consumer goods E) cheap land, proximity to markets, and improved environmental protections Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 123) The BRICS designation includes which five countries?

A) Bangladesh, Russia, Indonesia, China, and Spain B) Botswana, Rwanda, Ivory Coast, Cameroon, and Senegal C) Belgium, Romania, Iceland, Croatia, and Singapore D) Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa E) Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, China, and Saudi Arabia Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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124) BRICS countries represent A) a political alliance to reduce dependency on the European Union.

B) a potential dominant industrial bloc if they work together.

C) the world's nuclear powers.

D) countries committed to green, sustainable economic development.

E) the world's most significant technical labor source.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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125)

Use Figure 11-14 to answer the question. As a percentage of GNI, the trend indicated is that the share of manufacturing in developed countries A) began to be surpassed by manufacturing in developing countries in the mid-1990s.

B) was less than manufacturing in developing countries in the mid-1970s.

C) was greater than manufacturing in developing countries in the late 1980s.

D) was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1990s.

E) was roughly equal to manufacturing in developing countries in the early 1980s.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 126) Which regions are responsible for the majority of clothing sold in the United States?

A) Latin America and the Caribbean B) Central Asia and Russia C) East, Southeast, and South Asia D) Russia and Central Europe E) North Africa and Southwest Asia Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.2: Explain the distribution of clothing production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 60 ..

127) The textile industry is distributed across a multiple regions because of A) site factors such as tax incentives.

B) labor-intensive steps completed in different low-wage countries.

C) mechanized weaving eliminating jobs in North America.

D) the high cost of clothing in developing countries.

E) weaving and assembly requiring different skills and equipment.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.2: Explain the distribution of clothing production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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128)

Use Figure 11-15 to answer the question. Over 1 billion square meters of fabric are produced annually in both A) the United States and Canada.

B) the United States and Mexico.

C) Russia and Australia.

D) China and India.

E) the United States and Egypt.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.2: Explain the distribution of clothing production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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129)

Use Figure 11-16 to answer the question. Which is a way that shirt production illustrates the new international division of labor?

A) T-shirt fabric and other clothing textiles are bulk-gaining industries that pass along shipping costs to the consumer.

B) Spinning, weaving, and assembly of clothing are clustered in high-skilled labor countries, lowering the costs to the retailer.

C) Labor costs are kept at a small percentage of overall production costs, making clothing manufacturing a capital-intensive industry.

D) In spite of being labor-intensive, labor costs are a tiny fraction of clothing consumer prices.

E) While spinning and weaving are low-skilled manufacturing, assembly of items must be completed by skilled labor in developed countries.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Changing Site Factors: Clothing Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.2: Explain the distribution of clothing production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 63 ..

130) Which factors best account for the increasing share of steel production in developing countries?

A) Low-cost labor and access to ports for shipping products.

B) Access to manufacturing inputs and proximity to growing markets for steel.

C) The decline in developing country manufacturing capacity and supply of inputs.

D) An increase in manufacturing of automobiles in Europe and North America.

E) Environmental laws in developed countries that limit coal and iron mining.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 131) Which accurately describes China's steel industry?

A) a decline in recent years owing to a surge in production in Japan B) growth due to proximity to primary inputs such as iron ore and coal C) decline due to demand for foreign cars D) increase as a result of a U.S. trade agreement E) well behind production in India and South Korea Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 132) In addition to integrated mills, about one-fourth of U.S. steel production is now attributed to A) minimills which utilize scrap metal in many U.S. locations.

B) traditional mills in the South and Southeast.

C) minimills that have revitalized the old steel producing center of Pittsburgh.

D) nuclear-pellet generating plants in the Northeast.

E) scrap metal from materials transported to the United States from China.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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133) The U.S. steel industry moved westward in the nineteenth century primarily because of better access to A) coal.

B) iron ore.

C) labor.

D) transport.

E) markets.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 134) Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations based on access to A) government subsidies.

B) unskilled labor.

C) markets.

D) raw materials.

E) fluid capital.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 135) Which best describes the sequence of shifts in the location of steel production in the United States from the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth centuries?

A) the Pittsburgh area to the Midwest ending on the East and West coasts, as well as the Great Lakes region B) the Pittsburgh area to the East and West coasts, to the South and Southeast C) the East and West coasts to the Midwest ending in the Pittsburgh area D) the East and West coasts to Pittsburgh ending in the Midwest E) the Midwest to Pittsburgh ending on the East and West coasts Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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136)

Use Figure 11-17 to answer the question. Which describes the twenty-first century distribution of Nucor minimills in the United States?

A) primarily situated close to Northeastern markets B) concentrated in Mississippi, California, Illinois, Kentucky, and Maine C) concentrated in Mississippi, Alabama, North Carolina, and Florida D) distributed evenly in nearly every U.S. state E) operational in at least 20 different states Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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137)

Use Figures 11-18 and 11-19 to answer the question. Which describes the changes in U.S. steel production between 1980 to 2017?

A) decreased from 30 percent in 1980 to 15 percent in 2017 B) decreased from 21 percent in 1980 to percent in 2017 C) increased from 14 percent in 1980 to 19 percent in 2017 D) decreased from 16 percent in 1980 to 7 percent in 2017 E) decreased from 14 percent in 1980 to 5 percent in 2017 Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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138)

Use Figures 11-18 and 11-19 to answer the question. Between 1980 and 2017 the share of global steel production from developing countries A) increased from 5 percent to 50 percent.

B) increased from 14 percent to 64 percent of the total.

C) increased from 1 percent to 6 percent.

D) decreased from 12 percent to 8 percent.

E) increased from 19 percent to 64 percent of the total.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Changing Situation Factors: Steel Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.3: Summarize changes in the distribution of steel production Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 139) Which two location factors influence more industries to expand to central Europe?

A) global communications and fluid capital B) cheap labor and high consumer demand C) availability of raw materials and low-cost energy D) fluid capital and advantageous tariffs E) low-wage skilled labor and proximity to markets Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 11.4: Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 11.4.4: Explain industrial location changes within developed regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68 ..

140) Twenty-eight U.S. states have so-called "right-to-work" laws that A) are located primarily in the industrial centers of the northern states.

B) send a powerful signal to employers that workers have the right to join a labor union.

C) make it much more difficult for employers to stop unions from forming.

D) curtail powers of factory management to break unions and prevent future union formation.

E) create obstacles for labor unions attempting to organize workers and bargain with employers.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.4: Explain industrial location changes within developed regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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141)

Use Figure 11-20 to answer the question. Changes in the distribution of U.S. manufacturing between 1950 to 2017 indicate that A) the percentage of manufacturing jobs remained largely unchanged.

B) the number of manufacturing jobs increased in nearly all "right-to-work" states.

C) the number of manufacturing jobs in Indiana increased when it became a "right-to-work" state.

D) the number of manufacturing jobs increased in most "right-to-work" states and decreased in most other states.

E) the number of manufacturing jobs increased in California and Colorado, which are not "rightto-work" states.

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Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.4: Explain industrial location changes within developed regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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142)

Use Figure 11-20 to answer the question. Which statement about changes in U.S. manufacturing from 1950 to 2017 is TRUE? A) The percentage of manufacturing jobs increased in North Carolina.

B) The percentage of manufacturing jobs decreased only in the Midwest and Northeast.

C) The number of manufacturing jobs increased only in "right-to-work" states.

D) Right-to-work states are only located in the southern portion of the United States E) The number of manufacturing jobs decreased in Ohio, Michigan, New York, and Pennsylvania.

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Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 11.4: Industrial Change in Developed Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.4.4: Explain industrial location changes within developed regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 143) Imagine that a multinational corporation is considering closing a shoe factory in Malaysia in order to begin manufacturing in your city. What arguments could you make in favor of this change, considering factors of site, situation, labor, and environmental issues? Attempt to incorporate your knowledge of your city in your answer.

Answer: Argument would be that there would be more jobs in the local area, increasing the income level of potential consumers for the shoes. The site of my city (Cincinnati) would provide skilled labor although this will raise costs (Ohio is NOT a right to work state). City and region provide access to markets (shipping on the Ohio River). The city is somewhat close to inputs of leather and is able to accommodate the by-product of the manufacturing process through solid waste disposal or water dispersal.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.1: Site Factors in Industry Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.1.3: Analyze the three types of site factors Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 144) Compare and contrast the major site and situation factors which affect industrial location for bulk reducing industries and bulk gaining industries.

Answer: Answers may vary but should include differences in proximity to markets and resources and transportation considerations: Bulk-reducing industries locate near their main inputs, which are heavy and expensive to transport initially, such as copper ore. Once the product has been manufactured, it is lighter and easier to ship to market. Bulk-gaining industries locate closer to the markets where they will be sold, reducing transport costs after manufacturing. An example is beverage bottling.

Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Inputs; 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.4: Explain why some industries locate near their inputs; 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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145) If transportation costs were almost nonexistent—that is, if industries did not have to pay money to transport inputs and finished goods over long distances—what are the major changes that could occur in the automobile manufacturing industry?

Answer: Businesses would look for the cheapest source of labor to produce a quality product.

With transport costs eliminated, labor would become one of the key decision factors within the control of management, as input costs remain fairly fixed. There would be no need to locate near where sales would occur (currently China, North America, and Europe) and could take place where labor costs are the lowest, such as South and Southeast Asia. Auto Alley in North America would disappear.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.1: Situation Factors: Proximity to Markets Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.1.5: Explain why some industries locate near markets Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 146) Identify and explain factors that could disrupt just-in-time delivery.

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to natural hazards, traffic, and labor unrest.

Diff: 2 Section: 11.1: Truck, Train, Ship, or Plane?

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.1.6: Explain why industries use different modes of transportation Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 147) Explain (a) the difference between potential and proven reserves and (b) why the cost of extracting potential reserves of fossil fuels is often economically prohibitive.

Answer: Answers may vary. a) Potential reserve is supply in deposits that are undiscovered but thought to exist while a proven reserve is the supply of energy remaining in deposits that have been discovered; and b) Should speak to the cost of technology to safely extract the resource. The resource is likely to be exploited only when current supplies are no longer plentiful.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.2: Energy Production Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.2.2: Describe the distribution of fossil fuel production and reserves Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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148) Evaluate the pros and cons of fracking over nuclear energy.

Answer: Answers may vary. Pros of fracking are availability of fossil fuels within the United States, keeping costs low and providing energy independence. However, it is still a fossil fuel and non-renewable. Fracking uses and contaminates millions of gallons of water, which is in short supply, and damages the environment, possibly causing earthquakes in regions that have been fracked. Nuclear energy is limitless, but plants are very expensive to build and the risks of contamination to the environment and death of many forms of life are too high should an accident occur.

Response should speak to environmental consequences of each and social and economic costs of each.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.2: Nuclear Energy; 11.2: Fossil Fuel Futures Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.2.4: Evaluate possible future options for fossil fuels; 11.2.5: Describe the distribution of nuclear energy and challenges in using it Nat'l Geo. Std.: 16: The changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 149) Considering the site and situation of the city or region in which you live, what future energy alternatives are best suited to your location?

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to hydroelectric, biomass, wind, solar or geothermal energy sources based on geographical region, access to rivers, forests, wind, sunshine, etc.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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150)

Use Figure 11-21 to answer the question. Brazil has been able to make considerable progress towards sustainable development by obtaining electricity from hydroelectric sources. What other region of the world could consider this approach and what would the advantages and disadvantages be?

Answer: Identify sub-Saharan Africa as a region that is developing and also increasing their use of hydroelectric power. This points to exploitation of available rivers for power, which also has environmental consequences. Developing an economy based on alternative energy supply can also ensure the health of populations, decrease reliance on foreign countries providing energy, and deliver reliable electricity to millions.

Diff: 2 Section: 11.2: Energy Alternatives Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 11.2.6: Identify alternative sources of energy and challenges to using them Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 151) Why is this statement true: "As a country's per capita income increases, its per capita carbon dioxide emissions also increase"?

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to rising affluence and purchasing power which has been facilitated by industrial growth. With industrialization comes factories and increased automobile purchasing and ownership.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.3: Air Pollution Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.3.1: Describe causes and effects of air pollution at local, regional, and global scales Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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152) Recycling and remanufacturing are counter to the disposable "throw away" nature of a consumer society. a) Define each term. b) Explain how you might persuade someone to reuse or recycle rather than replace.

Answer: a) Recycling is the separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of the unwanted material. Remanufacturing is the rebuilding of a product to specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused, repaired, and new parts; and b) Reuse of objects makes sense on a limited planet; landfills are enormous and we are running out of places to "throw away" unwanted items. Plastics in the environment never break down, so they can at least be re-used. Our society needs to improve sustainability through re-use of objects.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.3: Recycling & Remanufacturing Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.3.4a: Explain the concept of recycling; 11.3.4b: Explain the concept of remanufacturing Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 153) Why is China one of the world's most important industrial producers?

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to country's development policies, supply of cheap labor, wealth of natural resources, and economic system.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.4: Emerging Industrial Regions Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.4.1: Explain reasons for the emergence of new concentrations of industries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 154) Henry Ford was famous for paying his workers higher wages than other manufacturers of his time so they could buy the products they were making at higher prices. Compare Ford's strategy to the wage-lowering strategies of car manufacturers in the U.S. today. Which approach would you favor, and why?

Answer: Students should make the connection between markets and purchasing power. If wages are suppressed in developed countries as well as in developing countries, there will be no one with enough money to purchase the manufactured items, whether it is cars, shoes, clothing, etc.

Diff: 3 Section: 11.4: Industrial Change in Developed Regions Blwoom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 11.4.4: Explain industrial location changes within developed regions Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 12 Services & Settlements 1) The three types of services are A) business, tertiary, and consumer.

B) public, primary, and support.

C) public, business, and customer.

D) business, consumer, and public.

E) tertiary, secondary, and secret.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) Which is NOT a business service?

A) transportation B) information C) financial D) professional E) clerical Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 3) Consumer services account for which percent of jobs in the United States?

A) 5 B) 10 C) 50 D) 75 E) 25 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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4) The four main types of consumer services include A) education, retail, health, and leisure.

B) education, retail, professional, and financial.

C) transportation, education, wholesale, and financial.

D) health. social, professional, and public.

E) wholesale, social, leisure, and information service.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) Educational services account for about which percent of jobs in the United States?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 9 D) 12 E) 25 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 6) Which of the following is NOT primarily a consumer service?

A) transportation B) retail and wholesale C) education D) health E) hospitality Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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7)

Use Figure 12-1 to answer the question. In which countries do services account for between 50 and 69 percent of GDP? A) Russia, Australia, and Germany B) South Africa, Namibia, and Australia C) Mexico, Canada, and Russia D) Brazil, Mexico, and Yemen E) Canada, the United States, and Brazil Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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8)

Use Figure 12-2 to answer the question. The graph represents both social and economic change in the United States between 1975 and 2015. Which sector and sub-sectors have grown the most significantly?

A) The secondary sector with a revival of manufacturing jobs, mostly in the Midwest.

B) The primary sector with increases in agricultural and mining technology.

C) The tertiary sector due to increased importance of financial management jobs.

D) The tertiary sector with increases in leisure, health, and retail services.

E) The tertiary sector with expanded investment in transportation infrastructure.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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9) The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the A) hinterland.

B) range.

C) threshold.

D) median.

E) meridian.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.1: Explain the concepts of market area, range, and threshold Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 10) The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas are A) circles.

B) hexagons.

C) squares.

D) pentagons.

E) octagons.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.1: Explain the concepts of market area, range, and threshold Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 11) A central place is defined as a A) hinterland surrounding a service.

B) market center for exchange of goods and services.

C) nodal range of a market.

D) rank and size distribution of cities.

E) hexagonal settlement pattern.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.1: Explain the concepts of market area, range, and threshold Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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12) The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is the A) hinterland.

B) range.

C) threshold.

D) median.

E) meridian.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.1b: Explain the concepts of market range Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 13) The minimum number of people needed to support a service is called the A) hinterland.

B) range.

C) threshold.

D) median.

E) meridian.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.1c: Explain the concepts of market threshold Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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14)

Use Figure 12-3 to answer the question. Based on the information in the map, which statement about megaregions in the United States is TRUE? A) Urban systems are inaccessible in rural areas of western states.

B) Daily urban systems tend to cover much larger areas in western states.

C) Daily urban systems tend to cover much smaller areas in western states.

D) Daily urban systems in western states are about the same size as those in eastern states.

E) Western states tend not to have daily urban systems.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.2.1: Explain the concepts of market area, range, and threshold Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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15) Which of the following would planners NOT consider when determining the extent of the market area for a new chicken wings restaurant?

A) The number of people living within an approximately 10-mile radius.

B) The number of people between the ages of 15 and 35.

C) The potential range of people who enjoy chicken wings within a 10-minute drive.

D) The availability of parking within the threshold of the restaurant.

E) The income levels of people living within the threshold.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.1c: Explain the concepts of market threshold Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 16) If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, which distribution does the country follow?

A) central place B) economic base C) primate city D) rank-size E) equidistant Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 17) The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the A) primate city.

B) economic base.

C) gravity model.

D) rank-size rule.

E) nesting of settlements.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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18) A primate city is defined as A) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions.

B) at least twice as large as the next smaller city.

C) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese.

D) a rapidly growing city.

E) the center of gravity for a hinterland.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 19) If a country follows the rank-size rule, how many people live in the fifth largest city if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants?

A) 50,000 B) 100,000 C) 200,000 D) 500,000 E) 5,000,000 Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20) Central place theory predicts larger settlements will be A) more numerous and closer together.

B) more numerous and farther apart.

C) less numerous and farther apart.

D) less numerous and closer together.

E) more numerous.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Central Place Theory; 12.3: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.1: Explain the concepts of market area, range, and threshold; 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different-sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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21)

Analyze the distribution of places in North Dakota shown in Figure 12-4. According to central place theory, the map confirms that the populations of A) Rugby and Granville are smaller than Towner, which has a smaller market range.

B) Granville and Towner are smaller than Rugby and contain services with smaller thresholds.

C) New Town and Stanley are larger than Minot, which likely contains the only WalMart.

D) Bottineau is smaller than Lansford, which serves a larger threshold.

E) Lansford is larger than Minot, and is home to services with large service areas.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.2: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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22)

Use Figure 12-4 to answer the question. Which statement about central place theory is NOT supported in this area of North Dakota?

A) A regular pattern of settlements has been established that reflects businesses in central places who compete against each other to serve as markets for particular goods and services.

B) Smaller settlements supply all of the services needed to the inhabitants of isolated areas.

C) Larger settlements likely contain services that have larger thresholds.

D) Large stores are not likely to be located in Benedict.

E) The largest city, Minot, is surrounded by a collection of smaller towns, villages, and hamlets that display a predictable distribution and size ranking.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.2: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface; 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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23) In which situation are geographers LEAST likely to apply central place theory?

A) identifying a city where a factory should be built B) determining the range and threshold for a new Family Dollar store C) accurately counting the number of potential customers within a certain range D) recommending ways to improve the income levels and driving distances for people within a market threshold E) applying market area analysis to choose which store location to close during a recession Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.3: Explain how to use threshold and range to find the optimal location for a service Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 24) Which factors would geographers use to determine the marketability of a location?

A) market area, range, threshold, and predicted share of market B) market range, threshold, traffic, and side of the street C) health of the economy, threshold, primate city location, and range D) income levels, market area, age of residents, and location E) market area, threshold, local sales taxes, and use of the analog method Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.3: Explain how to use threshold and range to find the optimal location for a service Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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25) The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is A) directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it.

B) directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland.

C) directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

D) directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it.

E) directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.3: Explain how to use threshold and range to find the optimal location for a service Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 26) The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the A) gravity model.

B) population model.

C) distance decay.

D) intervening obstacles.

E) threshold model.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.3: Explain how to use threshold and range to find the optimal location for a service Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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27) A food desert is usually associated with A) a lack of centrally-located grocery stores in the Rust Belt.

B) fresh produce generated by hydroponic cultivation in arid environments further than 1 mile away from rural inhabitants.

C) regions usually found in low-income areas where fresh fruit, vegetables, and other healthful foods are unavailable.

D) periodic markets that are only available to local people once a week in the Southwest United States.

E) sweets like cakes, candies, or pies which make people feel full but do not provide nutrition.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.3: Explain how to use threshold and range to find the optimal location for a service Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 28) The percent of Americans who live in a food desert is estimated to be A) 9.8.

B) 16.

C) 23.5.

D) 31.4.

E) 36.3.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.3: Explain how to use threshold and range to find the optimal location for a service Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 29) Periodic markets are likely to feature A) vendors who move from town to town.

B) stock prices that change on a daily basis.

C) large sales after the holiday season.

D) a daily offering of business services throughout the year.

E) consumer goods that change periodically in the central business district.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.4: Give examples of consumer services that do not have a fixed location Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14 ..

30) Choose the phrase that best completes the sentence. Periodic markets A) are only found in developing countries where income levels are too low to support full-time retail services.

B) directly compete with service providers in developing countries.

C) are located in both developing and developed nations in both rural and urban areas.

D) are widely distributed across developed countries during holiday shopping seasons.

E) are unreliable and therefore contribute to the existence of food deserts for urban dwellers.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.4: Give examples of consumer services that do not have a fixed location Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 31) Which type of service challenges the traditional classifications of services as either a business or consumer service?

A) periodic services B) taxi rides C) consumer sharing services D) sharing services E) business sharing Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.2: Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.4: Give examples of consumer services that do not have a fixed location Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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32)

Use Figure 12-5 to answer the question. Which statement about the periodic markets illustrated in the map is ACCURATE? A) Most communities are able to shop at a periodic market within a ten-mile drive more than one day a week.

B) Most customers are able to access a periodic market within a twenty-mile drive every day of the week.

C) Customers must plan well in advance to purchase fresh product as periodic markets are distant and unpredictable.

D) The scheduled days of the week change annually based on the lunar cycle.

E) Farmers travel long distances to sell their produce and work seven days a week.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.2: Periodic & Sharing Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.2.4: Give examples of consumer services that do not have a fixed location Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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33) Global cities are defined by A) the number and type of business services found there.

B) their total population.

C) their location relative to other cities.

D) the number of museums, monuments, and universities they offer.

E) their total population in relation to major capital cities.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.1: Explain the clustering of business services in global cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 34) Which business services are the most likely to be concentrated in global cities?

A) businesses designed to serve the public, such as national capitals B) luxury products and high-end retail shopping services C) headquarters of foreign governments, trade associations, and embassies D) specialized retailers with small ranges serving high-income clients E) integrated financial institutions, insurance companies, and professional legal consultants Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.1: Explain the clustering of business services in global cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 35) Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of A) economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors.

B) economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors.

C) central place theory and gravity models.

D) hinterland and gravity models.

E) political and infrastructure factors.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.1: Explain the clustering of business services in global cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 10: The characteristics, distribution, and complexity of Earth's cultural mosaics Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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36)

Use Figure 12-6 to answer the question. Based on the information presented in the map, which statement regarding city rank is TRUE? A) Paris is an alpha-ranked world city.

B) New York City is an alpha-+ world city.

C) Tokyo is a beta-ranked world city.

D) London is an alpha-ranked world city.

E) Singapore is an alpha-ranked world city.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.3: Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.3.1: Explain the clustering of business services in global cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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37)

Based on the map in Figure 12-6, which statement about global cities is TRUE? A) Chicago has the same rank as Mexico City and Johannesburg.

B) New York City is ranked below London.

C) São Paulo is ranked above Beijing.

D) Los Angeles is ranked above Shanghai.

E) Tokyo, Dubai, and Los Angeles all have the same rank.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Section: 12.3: Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.3.1: Explain the clustering of business services in global cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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38)

Based on the information presented in Figure 12-7, which statement about North American global cities is TRUE? A) Tampa is gamma-ranked and Denver is beta-ranked.

B) Dallas is beta-ranked and Denver is alpha-ranked.

C) Calgary is gamma-ranked and Denver is alpha-ranked.

D) San Diego is gamma-ranked and Denver is alpha-ranked.

E) Cleveland is gamma-ranked and Toronto is beta-ranked.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.3: Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.3.1: Explain the clustering of business services in global cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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39) The attraction of the "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by A) bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.

B) low wages, bank secrecy laws, and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries.

C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students in the Cayman Islands.

D) the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries and the hiding of prostitution and capital crimes.

E) corporate greed and the hiding of unethical and illegal behaviors, including prostitution.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 40) In which two types of global business services do developing countries specialize?

A) management consulting and staff training B) regional command and control centers C) biotechnology and medical research D) entertainment and recreation E) offshore financial and back-office operations Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 41) In terms of global financial services, which two major benefits do developing countries offer?

A) tax breaks and privacy B) command and control centers and low wages C) dependent centers and tax breaks D) command and control centers and dependent centers E) privacy and low wages Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

21 ..

42) Which two factors influence the location of back-office services in developing countries?

A) political stability and language diversity B) market threshold and service range C) economics training and proximity to global markets D) low-wage rates and workers who can speak English E) tax advantages and bank secrecy laws Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 43) Back-office functions are also called A) business-process offshore banking (BPOD).

B) market threshold outsourcing (MTO).

C) command and control centering (CCC).

D) business-process outsourcing (BPO).

E) tax advantage outsourcing (TAO).

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 44) Which factors best explain why many "call centers" are outsourced to India?

A) low wages and the widespread use of English B) low wages and geographic situational factors C) the wide use of English and a large number of working students D) willingness of students to work night shifts and geographic situational factors E) low wages and desperate economic conditions Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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45) Which development has reduced the need for spatial proximity and encouraged the relocation of back-office functions to developing countries?

A) telecommunications B) ease of obtaining licenses C) international trade model of development D) financial market reforms E) lower costs of leasing office space Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 46)

Use Figure 12-8 to answer the question. Which statement about offshore financial service centers is TRUE? A) most are concentrated in South America B) most are concentrated in India C) many centers are concentrated in the eastern Caribbean D) the number of centers in U.K. dependencies and independent countries are equal E) there are more offshore banking centers in Europe than in the Caribbean Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 23 ..

47)

Use Figure 12-8 to answer the question. Based on the mapped data, which statement is TRUE? A) Gibraltar is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.

B) New Zealand is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.

C) Vanuatu is an independent microstate that is also an offshore banking center.

D) Vanuatu is a dependency that is also an offshore banking center.

E) Bermuda is independent island country that is also an offshore banking center.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 48) Which does NOT describe an economic base?

A) The unique cluster of businesses in a place.

B) A community's collection of basic businesses.

C) Made up of basic and non-basic businesses.

D) Distinctive economic activities that bring money into a local community.

E) A business sector cluster.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 24 ..

49) Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity?

A) dental office B) grocery store C) gas station D) steel mill E) travel agency Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 50) A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a A) basic industry.

B) global industry.

C) nonbasic industry.

D) primate city.

E) consumer service.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 51) One of the most important basic activities in the Boston area is A) manufacturing of durable goods.

B) manufacturing of textiles.

C) entertainment and recreation services.

D) government and education.

E) biotechnology services.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

25 ..

52) Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it A) changes the community's functional classification.

B) stimulates new nonbasic businesses.

C) disrupts the central place hierarchy.

D) changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements.

E) replaces obsolete industry.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 53) The clustering of tech jobs and talent in the United States is attributed to A) talented people igniting economic advancement in communities, which attracts more talented people.

B) cultural factors such as amount of time off permitted by basic businesses.

C) investment capital distributed evenly throughout the country.

D) recent college graduates investing in the economic development of "cool" cities.

E) financial incentives to individuals, and tax breaks for businesses that move to cities with declining populations.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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54)

Use Figure 12-9 to answer the question. Based on the information presented in the map, which statement about distinctive economic bases found in U.S. communities is TRUE? A) Agricultural and farm-based businesses are located close to south and eastern ports.

B) Logging and office and household furniture industries support a cluster of communities in the Pacific Northwest.

C) Aircraft, boat and ship-building are found in Western communities.

D) The Northeast supports mainly luxury goods production, hosiery, and entertainment services.

E) Clocks, carpets, and computers form the economic base of Florida towns.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

27 ..

55) Which of the following statements about clustered rural settlements is NOT TRUE? A) They may follow either a circular or linear pattern.

B) Fields typically surround the buildings in a clustered rural settlement.

C) Family farms are near one another in order to share tools and tractors.

D) There is likely to be a small set of business and consumer services in addition to the agricultural structures.

E) Linear clustered settlements can be aligned to a river, road, or a dike.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.1: Compare clustered and dispersed rural settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 56) Which type of settlement is characterized by farm buildings, homes, and churches located close together?

A) urban agricultural B) linear rural C) dispersed rural D) clustered rural E) circular rural clustered Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.1: Compare clustered and dispersed rural settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 57) The long-lot system, brought to North America by the French, was developed primarily because of A) collective land ownership.

B) common grazing land.

C) inheritance laws.

D) desire for access to a river or road.

E) long distance communication between farms.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.1: Compare clustered and dispersed rural settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

28 ..

58) Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?

A) Middle Atlantic B) New England C) Southeast D) plantations of the South E) Midwest Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.1: Compare clustered and dispersed rural settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) The most significant impact of the United Kingdom's enclosure movement on the rural landscape was A) a dispersed rural settlement pattern.

B) a reinforced traditional clustered rural settlement pattern.

C) decreased urbanization through land redistribution.

D) increased rural population.

E) increased settlement because of improved transportation.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.1: Compare clustered and dispersed rural settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 60) The primary rationale for government support of the enclosure movement in the United Kingdom was to A) destroy traditional village life.

B) promote agricultural efficiency.

C) replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads.

D) discourage urbanization.

E) create an aristocracy to control larger tracts of land.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.1: Compare clustered and dispersed rural settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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61) Which of the following is considered to have been a hearth of urban settlement?

A) Rome B) Athens C) Madagascar D) Scotland E) Mesopotamia Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 62) Which of the following is a possible explanation for the development of consumer services in early settlements?

A) to meet the needs of farmers to purchase seed B) as a way to furnish the military with supplies before battle C) services for nomads who travel through the region D) the agricultural hearth led directly to the need for services E) to meet the needs of people to bury the dead Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 63) Nomads were attracted to early settlements based on the services they offered. Which of the following does NOT pair a service of early settlements with its type?

A) burial of the dead, consumer service B) structures for religious ceremonies, business service C) storage of surplus food, business service D) defensive forces to protect the settlement, public service E) place for the exchange of goods, business service Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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64) Which academic discipline provides much of our current knowledge about hearths of innovation and ancient urban settlements?

A) urban demography B) geography C) cultural anthropology D) history E) archaeology Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 65) Which is NOT a way the Roman Empire facilitated settlements in the territory it controlled?

A) They established settlements throughout the region to administer the empire.

B) They reduced reliance on agricultural lifestyles by encouraging urban settlement.

C) The construction of roads allowed for ease of transportation and trade between settlements.

D) They were likely amongst the first settlements to offer consumer, business, and public services.

E) With Rome as the largest city of the era, culture and commerce spread from a central location.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 66) The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century C.E. brought about what change in urban settlements?

A) development of city-states B) rapid urbanization C) reduction in urban population D) revival of urban life E) increased trade Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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67) Typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the A) dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town.

B) placement of buildings around a central market square.

C) demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town.

D) provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches.

E) broad avenues in residential districts.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68)

Use Figure 12-10 to answer the question. Which statement is TRUE based on the map of urban settlements in this era?

A) Urban centers are clustered around the hearth of the Fertile Crescent.

B) Urban centers continue to focus on trading routes established by the Romans.

C) Urban centers in East Asia significantly outnumber those of Europe.

D) European urban centers outnumber those of Asia.

E) Large urban settlements are too far apart to have known about or traded with one another.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement; 17: How to apply geography to interpret the past Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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69) The process of urbanization can be analyzed by looking at which two dimensions of growth of a city?

A) The number and percentage of people.

B) The number and homogeneity of people.

C) The percentage and density of people.

D) The density and heterogeneity of people.

E) The size and density of people.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.3: Describe two dimensions of urbanization Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 70) Heterogeneity is more commonly a characteristic of A) suburban and rural communities.

B) ancient urban centers than modern urban centers.

C) manufacturing centers and rural populations.

D) rural and urban centers.

E) urban centers than rural communities.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.3: Describe two dimensions of urbanization Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 71) According to social scientist Louis Wirth which of the following is NOT a characteristic of city life?

A) high population B) dense traffic C) large size D) heterogeneous groups E) tolerance of difference Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.3: Describe two dimensions of urbanization Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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72) Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that A) the people you know socially are probably the same ones you see at work.

B) the people are more alike than in rural settlements.

C) people compete for limited space.

D) there are many different kinds of people in cities.

E) people play a specialized role in the urban economy.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.3: Describe two dimensions of urbanization Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 73) In which type of settlement do most people in the world live?

A) clustered rural B) dispersed rural C) urban D) agricultural E) primordial Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.3: Describe two dimensions of urbanization Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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74)

Use Figure 12-11 to answer the question. Based on the information in the chart, which statement is TRUE? A) Urbanization in developing countries is increasing but there remains a gap between developed and developing countries.

B) Beginning in 1980, urbanization rates stagnated in developing countries.

C) Urbanization in developed countries is nearly 100 percent, but remains at less than 45 percent in developing countries.

D) The world rate of urbanization reached 45 percent as of 2010.

E) The graph shows a trend towards counterurbanization in both developed and developing countries.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Urbanization Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.4.3: Describe two dimensions of urbanization Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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75) Which best describes the distribution of megacities?

A) follows the distribution of the most developed countries B) reflects population growth in developing countries C) is an indicator of urban renewal in developed countries D) was once clustered in the Fertile Crescent but has spread east to China E) has caused air pollution in South America Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 76) In contrast to megacities, metacities A) are primarily located in developed countries.

B) are also classified as global cities.

C) were founded in ancient times and have been continuously inhabited.

D) are very large urban settlements and have at least 25 million people.

E) are fewer in number.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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77)

Use Figure 12-12 to answer the question. According the map, where are the majority of cities with more than five million residents located?

A) in North America and Europe B) in Asia situated on or near the coasts C) in South America situated on or near the coasts D) in west Africa E) in South Asia and Australia Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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78)

Use Figure 12-12 to answer the question. According to the map, the vast majority of megacities are located in A) North America.

B) Asia.

C) South America D) Africa.

E) Europe.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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79) Which of the following is NOT true about the world's fastest-growing cities?

A) Rural to urban migration accounts for a significant increase in urban population in developing countries.

B) The high urban growth in the developing world suggests considerable industrialization and economic development.

C) High natural increase rates contribute to substantial urban growth.

D) Las Vegas, Nevada, Austin, Texas, and Atlanta, Georgia, are among the fastest growing cities in the developed world.

E) Tokyo, Seoul, and New York City are the only three cities in the developed world in the top 10 of the world's largest cities.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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80)

Use Figure 12-13 to answer the question. According to the map, which of the following lists of countries contain cities that are growing by at least 4 percent each year?

A) South Africa, Kenya, Tanzania, Namibia, and Libya B) Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, China, India, and Australia C) Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, India, and Mexico D) India, China, Russia, Australia, and Spain E) France, Germany, Romania, Russia, and Bulgaria Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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81)

Use Figure 12-13 to answer the question. According to the map, which developed country contains one or more of the world's fastest growing cities?

A) Australia B) United Kingdom C) United States D) Italy E) France Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 3: How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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82)

Use Figure 12-14 to answer the question. a) Describe the distinction between the three service components of the U.S. economy; b) Describe how these might overlap; and 42 ..

c) Based on your analysis of the trends in economic activity, where do you predict new job growth is likely to occur in the future?

Answer: Answers may vary. a) The service sector includes activities designed to meet a human need, and is made up of Business, Public, and Consumer Services. b) The services overlap because individuals use one or more services regularly, such as both business and consumer, while also relying on public services. The distinction is useful for classification. c) Of the three, consumer services are the largest and make up 50 percent of U.S. jobs. It is also the sector that is growing the fastest, so that new employment opportunities are likely to be in retail, health, education, and leisure services, along with business services and professional services. Overall, the growth in employment in the United States has been in services, whereas employment in primary and secondary sector activities has declined.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.1: Types of Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.1.1: Describe the three types of services Nat'l Geo. Std.: 11: The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 83) Outline the major principles of central place theory, and discuss the degree to which they relate to your local community.

Answer: Answers may vary; a central place is a market area for the exchange of goods and services; it is centrally located to people who need the service for maximum accessibility.

Central Place Theory helps to explain the distribution of central places based on competition between places for customers. The regular pattern of settlements reflects a distribution based on how far people will travel to access a service. Apply to community: large or small, what type of services available and distance-pattern-relation to other central places.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.1: Central Place Theory Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.2.1: Explain the concepts of market area, range, and threshold Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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84) In a developing country, what are the economic advantages and disadvantages of an uneven hierarchy of cities?

What are the challenges to people in a country who have one dominant primate city?

Answer: Answers may vary. The main advantage is simply the existence of a large urban settlement at all, in which a variety of goods, services, government agencies and business services exist for the population of a developing country. The main disadvantage is to those people who do not live close to the primate city; they have to travel long distances to gain access to these services. Economically, the existence of one primate city that does not follow a general pattern of rank-size rule indicates that the country has unequal development and not enough wealth outside of the primate city to justify provision of services in these areas.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.2: Hierarchy of Consumer Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.2.2: Describe the distribution of different sized settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 85) What factors should a retailer consider when selecting the optimal location for his or her store?

Answer: Answers may vary but should discuss estimated range and threshold as well as modifications that might be made.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.2: Market Area Analysis Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.2.3: Explain how to use threshold and range to find the optimal location for a service Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 86) Describe the 6 factors that are used to identify and rank global cities? How do cities like London and New York City retain their global importance in these rankings?

Answer: Answers may vary but answers should identify economic, political, cultural, infrastructure, communications and transportation factors. The cities are tightly integrated into the global economy due to headquarters of financial institutions controlling the flow of information and capital; they also house headquarters like the U.N. in New York City and culturally important services such as museums, sports teams, embassies (if they are the national capital) and the lawyers and business services that surround these sectors.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.3: Hierarchy of Business Services Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.3.1: Explain the clustering of business services in global cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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87) Back-office processing may be found in smaller cities and towns in the United States. a) What functions of an organization are specific to back-office processing? b) Why might businesses choose to locate in Omaha, Nebraska, or Buffalo, New York, rather than Atlanta, Georgia, or Houston, Texas?

Answer: a) Routine clerical functions, insurance claims processing, payroll, billing inquiries, etc. b) Answers may vary but should speak to lower taxes, cheaper and non-unionized labor, and efforts on the part of these cities to attract these jobs. All the same reasons companies move offshore.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.3: Business Services in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.3.2: Describe two types of business services in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 88) Distinguish between basic and nonbasic businesses. Using your community as an example, discuss the apparent economic base(s) of your local community and its significance to your life at the present moment.

Answer: Answers may vary but should discuss some type or collection of industries that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement. This affects the types of jobs available to the population as well as the strength and stability of the economy in the settlement.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.3: Economic Specialization of Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.3.3: Explain the concept of economic base Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 89) Under what conditions was the British enclosure movement introduced? As a strategy of economic development, what were the disadvantages and problems that accompanied this movement?

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to displacement of population from land and ultimate movement into urban areas to work in factories. While it coincided with the Industrial Revolution, not all benefited equally.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.4: Services in Rural Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.4.1: Compare clustered and dispersed rural settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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90) Discuss the possible reasons for the origin of settlements.

Answer: Answers may vary but should address key examples from Mesopotamia, Mediterranean settlements, and early medieval settlements.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.4: Services in Early Urban Settlements Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.4.2: Identify important prehistoric and ancient urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 91) The recent increases in urbanization globally has resulted in the emergence of megacities and metacities. a) Define each term; b) Describe two reasons for the growth of these large cities; and c) Discuss the distribution of the metacities and explain reasons for their location.

Answer: a) A megacity is an urban center with a population of at least 10 million while a metacity has a population that exceeds 20 million. b) The cities are growing at these rates as people leave rural areas in search of jobs in cities, and rapid population growth in certain parts of the world exponentially contribute to city population size. c) during the last 150 years urbanization was associated with development and all of the world's largest cities were in developed countries. Currently the majority of mega and metacitites are in developing regions where there is the most population growth.

Diff: 3 Section: 12.4: Megacities Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 12.4.4: Identify the location of the largest and fastest-growing urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 13e (Rubenstein) Chapter 13 Urban Patterns 1) The city plus its surrounding built-up suburbs is the A) central city.

B) urbanized area.

C) metropolitan statistical area.

D) consolidated metropolitan statistical area.

E) regional government federation.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 2) Which of the following does NOT accurately define or describe a city?

A) A legally-incorporated urban settlement.

B) A local government system with fixed boundaries.

C) A settlement with elected officials and the ability to raise taxes.

D) A vernacular region controlled by a local government.

E) A geographic area with legal boundaries and services.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 3) In the United States, which of the following definitions of an urban settlement covers the largest functional area?

A) central business district B) central city C) urbanized area D) metropolitan statistical area E) micropolitan statistical area Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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4) A census area based on commuting patterns is called a A) Metropolitan Statistical Area.

B) Micropolitan Statistical Area.

C) Core-based Statistical Area.

D) Combined Statistical Area.

E) Primary Statistical Area.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 5) Which overlapping metropolitan area is NOT a megalopolis?

A) Boston to New York to Washington, D.C. B) Beijing to Nanking to Shanghai C) Los Angeles to San Diego to Tijuana D) Rotterdam to Amsterdam to The Hague E) Dortmund to Düsseldorf to Essen Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 6) Megalopolis refers to A) adjacent, overlapping metropolitan statistical areas.

B) a global city with more than 10 million inhabitants.

C) consolidated metropolitan statistical areas and their CBDs. D) central cities plus urbanized areas.

E) regional government federation.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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7) The "Boswash" corridor that stretches from Boston to Washington, D.C., was named "Megalopolis" A) by geographer Jean Gottmann.

B) because it covered more than one-fourth of the total U.S. land area.

C) because it was planned to house more than half of the U.S. population.

D) because it conformers to the urban model of Homer Hoyt.

E) by economist, philanthropist, and geographer Harm DeBlij.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 8)

Use Figure 13-1 to answer the question. Which statement is illustrated in the map?

A) The urbanized area (UZA) extends across three counties.

B) The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) extends across three counties.

C) The micropolitan statistical area (µSA) includes a small urbanized area in County A. D) The urbanized area (UZA) may also be an urban cluster.

E) Municipality D is governed by laws set in Municipality A. Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.1: Cities & Geography Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.1.1: Compare various definitions of urban settlements Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 3 ..

9) In a simplified model of a city, the zone where retail and office activities are clustered is known as the A) central business district.

B) central commerce zone.

C) urbanized downtown area.

D) metropolitan statistical area.

E) urbanized hub.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.2: Describe distinctive features of the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 10) Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD would include those which have A) a low threshold.

B) no range.

C) services for office workers.

D) a need for rapid transportation.

E) a need for large amounts of horizontal space.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.2: Describe distinctive features of the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 11) City governments tend to locate convention centers and sports complexes in the CBD because A) they hope to lower real estate prices and tax revenues in their downtown areas.

B) of their low ranges and thresholds.

C) they hope to stimulate more business for downtown restaurants, bars, and hotels.

D) they have a need for the kind of rapid transportation that is only available in the CBD. E) the CBD offers large amounts of horizontal space.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.2: Describe distinctive features of the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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12) Even with the diffusion of modern telecommunications, many lawyers, financial analysts, and public officials prefer to work in CBDs in order to exchange information with colleagues primarily through A) face-to-face contact.

B) formal letters.

C) cellphones and text messaging.

D) the Internet.

E) television and radio broadcasts.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.2: Describe distinctive features of the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 13) Before the advent of the shopping mall, which of the following activities was the LEAST likely to be found in a CBD? A) city hall B) legal services C) medical services D) high-end jewelry store E) office supply store Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.1: The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.1.2: Describe distinctive features of the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 14) Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of A) competition for limited space.

B) high threshold and range.

C) less intensive land use.

D) the lack of skyscrapers.

E) the lack of residential space.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3a: Describe the use of vertical space in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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15) As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by A) less intensive land use.

B) the construction of skyscrapers.

C) suburban sprawl.

D) a high threshold and range.

E) the reuse and repurposing of existing buildings.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3a: Describe the use of vertical space in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 16) The underground CBD is characterized by A) communication networks, subway trains, and pedestrian passages.

B) high threshold retail and business services.

C) public services such as municipal offices.

D) high-end boutique shops serving downtown workers.

E) chain restaurants and experimental theater.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3a: Describe the use of vertical space in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 17) In a typical North American CBD, which type of activity is likely to be located on the streetlevel floor of a skyscraper?

A) government B) industrial C) office D) retail E) education Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3a: Describe the use of vertical space in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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18) Factories have moved to suburban locations partly because of A) access to main highways.

B) adequate space to build vertical structures.

C) availability of large tracts of high-priced land.

D) good rail connections.

E) access to cheap labor.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3a: Describe the use of vertical space in the CBD; 13.1.3b: Describe the exclusion of some land uses in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 19) A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is A) public administration.

B) manufacturing.

C) office.

D) retail.

E) legal.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3b: Describe the exclusion of some land uses in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 20) Which of the following buildings would you likely find in the CBD? A) single family dwellings B) major car dealerships C) warehouses D) factories E) residential lofts Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3b: Describe the exclusion of some land uses in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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21) Which is the LEAST likely to be located at a port in a modern CBD? A) convention centers and shops B) warehouses and piers for cargo ships C) recreation and parks D) lofts and renovated apartments E) aquariums and museums Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.1.3b: Describe the exclusion of some land uses in the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 22) According to the concentric zone model, a city develops in a series of A) corridors.

B) nodes.

C) rings.

D) sectors.

E) quadrants.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 23) According to the sector model, the best housing is located in A) a corridor from downtown to the edge of the city.

B) an outer ring surrounding the city.

C) nodes near universities and parks.

D) renovated inner-city neighborhoods.

E) gated communities.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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24) According to the sector model, what might influence the growth of a new corridor?

A) The opening of a convention center.

B) Subsidies for housing that revitalize older neighborhoods.

C) The removal of manufacturing from the CBD. D) A university campus developed near an edge city.

E) The extension of transportation routes.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 25) According to Homer Hoyt's sector model, once a district with high-class housing is established, the most expensive new housing is built A) on the outer edge of that district, farther out from the center.

B) on the inner edge of that district, closer to the center.

C) in the skyscrapers of the CBD. D) in old industrial buildings and retail shops.

E) on the outer edge of the suburban area, farther out from the center.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 26) According to the multiple nuclei model, an airport is likely to attract nearby A) hotels and warehouses.

B) residences and highways.

C) retail and wholesale shops.

D) universities and colleges.

E) hospitals and clinics.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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27) With which urban model are edge cities most closely associated?

A) sector B) suburban C) multiple nuclei D) galactic E) concentric zone Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 28) The peripheral model is most closely associated with A) the concentric circle model.

B) the sector model.

C) the multiple nuclei model.

D) megalopolis development.

E) smart growth.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 29) The multiple nuclei model describes cities that include A) four linked CBDs. B) nodes such as a port, a university, airport, and a park.

C) a nucleus in the CBD which is connected to a nucleus in the suburbs.

D) links between a seaport, an airport, and a railway station.

E) concentric rings around a CBD. Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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30) Edge cities emerged as a consequence of A) highway construction.

B) suburbanization.

C) gentrification.

D) remanufacturing.

E) census classification.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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31)

Use Figure 13-2 to answer the question. All of the statements describing the model are true EXCEPT A) medium-class residential is located in Sector 4.

B) heavy manufacturing is located near an industrial suburb.

C) low-class residential is distributed in discontinuous nodes near the CBD. D) wholesale and light manufacturing has moved from the CBD to the suburbs.

E) an outlying business district serves the high-class residential area.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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32) Population in census tracts rarely exceeds A) 500.

B) 1,000.

C) 2,500.

D) 5,000.

E) 50,000.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.2: Analyze how the three models help to explain where people live Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 33) Social area analysis attempts to explain A) the changing location of retail and office activities in North American cities.

B) the development of squatter settlements in developing countries.

C) the distribution of different types of people in an urban area.

D) which of the three models of urban structure is the most accurate in the United States.

E) regions ideal for social services.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.2: Analyze how the three models help to explain where people live Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 34) Social area analysis at the local level helps to predict what urban pattern?

A) The location of churches and restaurants by ethnic group.

B) The best sector location for a new business based on income levels of surrounding neighborhoods.

C) The likely location of older houses in an inner ring.

D) Newer homes planned to "fill in" open areas close to the CBD. E) The incomes of people clustered in suburban nodes.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.2: Analyze how the three models help to explain where people live Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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35) Family X has an income of $100,000, Family Y has an income of $40,000, and Family Z has an income of $115,000. According to the sector model which families are likely to live in the same sector of the city?

A) families Y and Z B) families X and Z C) families X and Y D) families X, Y, and Z E) none of these families are likely to live in the same sector of the city Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.2: Analyze how the three models help to explain where people live Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 36) European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain A) retail and office activities.

B) extensive residential areas.

C) large numbers of skyscrapers.

D) structures and monuments inherited from medieval times.

E) ancient Roman structures.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.3: Relate the models of urban structure to European urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 37) Compared to urban settlements in North America, CBDs in Europe A) follow the concentric ring model.

B) contain only government services and mostly historic sites.

C) have higher numbers of residents and more day-to-day consumer services.

D) have a limited variety of land uses.

E) only house educational facilities and government offices.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.3: Relate the models of urban structure to European urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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38) Compared to the United States, poor families in European cities are more likely to be A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods.

B) dispersed throughout the city.

C) clustered in suburbs.

D) distributed uniformly in the city.

E) living along major boulevards.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.3: Relate the models of urban structure to European urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 39) Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to the high cost of rents in European CBDs? A) The renovation of warehouses into modern lofts and office space.

B) High demand for consumer and residential space in CBDs. C) Many low-rise structures because of the medieval origins of many CBDs. D) The high costs of renovating historic buildings for modern use.

E) The attraction of multiple cultural and social activities in the CBD. Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.3: Relate the models of urban structure to European urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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40)

Use Figure 13-3 to answer the question. Which of the following conclusions about housing construction in Paris is supported by the data presented in the map?

A) New housing construction follows the path of the Seine River.

B) More than 10 percent of new housing has been built in the CBD and to the east of downtown.

C) Concentric rings of new housing are visible radiating from the CBD. D) Paris does not follow the multiple nuclei model.

E) Between five and nine percent of new housing is located southeast of the CBD near the river.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Europe Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.3: Relate the models of urban structure to European urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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41) Premodern cities in developing countries may not fit patterns of settlements today because A) they were only built to house a few hundred people.

B) a succession of invaders may have influenced their development over centuries.

C) no trace of the original peoples can be found in the original settlement design.

D) a lack of transportation systems eliminated the need for design patterns.

E) the need for walls around the city produced a circular shape.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Premodern Cities in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.4a: Describe patterns in precolonial cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 42) Which of the following was NOT included in Beijing under the Yuan Dynasty?

A) Drum Tower B) outer and inner walls C) residential areas D) palaces E) informal settlements Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Premodern Cities in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.4a: Describe patterns in precolonial cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 43) Which laws enacted in 1573 specifically outlined how colonial Spanish cities were to be constructed?

A) Bills of the Americas B) Laws of the Indies C) American Indian Laws D) Colonial Center Laws E) Laws of the Real Corona Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Premodern Cities in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.4b: Describe patterns in colonial cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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44) After 1573, most Spanish colonial cities were designed to have A) neighborhoods built around central, smaller plazas with parish churches and older quarters with narrow, winding streets and cramped residences.

B) gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and wider streets than are in the centers of most European cities.

C) winding street plans centered on a church and plaza, garden lawns around houses, and wider streets than the centers of most European cities.

D) gridiron street plans centered on a church and plaza, walls around houses, and narrower, more winding streets than are in the centers of most European cities.

E) a gridiron street plan, a cathedral, and at least 20 parish churches for each city.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Premodern Cities in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.4b: Describe patterns in colonial cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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45)

Use Figure 13-4 to answer the question. Which statement best matches the map and the likely related uses of the different parts of the city of Fez? A) There is little difference between the patterns of the French colonial new town and the historic sections of Fez, indicating similar design and use.

B) The French colonial new town follows a grid pattern, reflecting official government use while the historic streets of Fez are used for markets, housing and worship in a more organic pattern.

C) The New Town to the west reveals it was built for recreational activity while the old city is set aside for Islamic worship.

D) Both nodes of the city are walled off to ensure separation of religious and government functions.

E) The contrast in the city street patterns reveals the modernization of city planning over time.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Premodern Cities in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.4b: Describe patterns in colonial cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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46) Settlements on the periphery of cities in less developed countries that often house the poor or new urban arrivals are known as A) informal settlements.

B) council estates.

C) public housing.

D) the zone in transition.

E) the outer ring.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.5: Understand how the three models of urban structure describe patterns in cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 47) The application of the concentric zone model to developed and developing countries differs in that A) developed cities are designed around major transportation hubs in a spoked pattern.

B) concentric rings are larger and the infrastructure development more rapid in developing countries.

C) cities in developing countries have multiple nuclei due to their colonial pasts.

D) the wealthy tend to live closer to the inner rings in developing countries.

E) poor people are clustered in the inner city in developing countries.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.5: Understand how the three models of urban structure describe patterns in cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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48) Multiple nuclei models are closely associated with contemporary cities in which geographic region?

A) Southwest Asia B) Southeast Asia C) Central Asia D) Latin America E) North Africa Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.5: Understand how the three models of urban structure describe patterns in cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 49) In which region's cities are the spine and disamenity zones of the sector model evident?

A) Apartheid-era city B) Southeast Asian city C) French Colonial city D) Latin American city E) Muslim city Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.2.5: Understand how the three models of urban structure describe patterns in cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 50) Which feature is NOT associated with unique patterns evident in the city of Tenochtitlán in Mexico?

A) built on an island in a lake B) organized around a temple C) used canals and causeways for transportation D) used an aqueduct to supply fresh water E) organized in a grid pattern around a central Zócalo or square Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Changing Urban Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.6a: Describe stages of development Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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51) Which document guided the development of Mexico City during colonial rule?

A) Laws of Cortez B) Laws of the Indies C) Treaty of Tordesillas D) Colonial Center Laws E) Laws of Corona Real Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Changing Urban Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.6a: Describe stages of development; 13.2.6b: Apply urban models to Mexico City Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 52) The Griffin-Ford model would classify the Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico City as A) the market.

B) a suburban settlement.

C) a zone of maturity.

D) a spine.

E) a zone of in situ accretion.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.2: Changing Urban Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.6b: Apply urban models to Mexico City Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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53)

Use Figure 13-5 to answer the question. Which statement best describes the stages of development of Mexico City since 1910?

A) It has followed three stages of development; increasing in size, but maintaining the same CBD since its founding.

B) Territorial growth of the urban boundaries is visible following the Spanish colonial period, which restricted development.

C) Fueled by rapid population increases, the modern city has drained and built over the former site of the lake.

D) The Aztecs drained the lake centuries ago, making way for the expansion of the modern city.

E) The growth visible from 1960 represents the movement of the wealthy away from the downtown due to drainage issues.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Changing Urban Structure of Mexico City Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.6b: Apply urban models to Mexico City Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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54) People in the United States are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by A) more parking garages and heavy traffic.

B) reduced opportunity for home ownership.

C) private land surrounding the house.

D) row houses and apartments.

E) closer proximity to cultural institutions.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 55) A significant driver of suburban growth in the United States has been A) population decline after WWII. B) the annexation of rural areas.

C) rising incomes of the middle class.

D) the Industrial Revolution.

E) commuter railways.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 56) Over 50 percent of the U.S. population today lives in A) central cities.

B) suburbs.

C) nonmetropolitan areas.

D) rural settlements.

E) the second and third rings of the concentric zone.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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57) The process of legally adding land area to a city in the United States is known as A) annexation.

B) accreditation.

C) an application of eminent domain.

D) defined by urbanized area.

E) zoning.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 58) Most U.S. metropolitan areas have a council of governments which means A) an organization who provides legal counsel on annexation.

B) a tax collection agency.

C) it coordinates planning for the overall area.

D) it replaces the school districts.

E) it works to resist any annexation attempts.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 59) Consolidation of a city and county government with a county is done to A) introduce more efficient metropolitan governments.

B) avoid gerrymandering.

C) maintain a monopoly of utilities.

D) obtain more federal monies.

E) ensure more local representation for rural citizens.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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60) Which problem results from the fragmentation of local governments?

A) addressing regional problems B) conducting too many elections C) changing boundaries due to gerrymandering D) frequent redrawing of school boundaries E) distributing federal monies to competing groups Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 61) Sprawl is best defined as the A) change in density within an urban area from the periphery to the center.

B) development of new housing sites not contiguous to the existing built-up area.

C) land maintained as open space surrounding an urban area.

D) period in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.

E) increasing population density in rings two and three of the concentric zone model.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 62) Which describes a recent change in the typical U.S. density gradient?

A) the elimination of the gap traditionally found in the center B) an increase in the extremes between the inner and outer areas C) an increase in the number of people living in the center D) a reduction in the differences in densities found within an urban area E) an increase in the differences in densities found within an urban area Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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63) An urban growth boundary is associated with A) smart growth programs.

B) utility networks.

C) urban density reduction programs.

D) emergency medical services.

E) captive growth programs.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 64) Which would NOT be an anticipated outcome of urban land use policies in the United Kingdom?

A) The creation of greenbelts or open space.

B) New growth concentrated in existing towns.

C) Higher housing prices in urban areas.

D) The extension of new areas adjacent to settlements.

E) The construction of more discontinuous suburbs.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 65) British cities are surrounded by open space known as A) greenbelts.

B) public housing.

C) sprawl.

D) squatter settlements.

E) suburbs.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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66)

Use Figure 13-6 to answer the question. Based on the changes of the density gradient shown in the maps, which statement is TRUE? A) The population density gradient in Cleveland has increased along with the expanded city boundary.

B) Population density has declined but sprawl has increased as people moved to surrounding suburbs.

C) Changes between 1930 and 1990 illustrate less sprawl as people moved closer to Lake Erie.

D) Changes between the density gradient in 1960 and 1990 reveal a hole at the center.

E) In 2010, urban regeneration resulted in increased population density in the inner rings.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data

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67) One of the ways that suburban residential segregation is reinforced is through A) loans to people with low incomes.

B) zoning ordinances.

C) cost of housing in the CBD. D) homogeneity of urban schools.

E) the high value of industrial land.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.3: Explain ways in which suburbs are segregated Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 68) Marketers use geographic analysis of the suburbs because it A) allows potential customers to try out a store closest to their house.

B) reveals the clusters of high-income people who are likely potential customers.

C) reinforces segregation because only high-income people live in single-family homes.

D) maps the service providers in a metropolitan area.

E) supplies a partitioning of zip codes by income.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.3: Explain ways in which suburbs are segregated Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 69) All of the following identify an attractive feature of shopping malls EXCEPT A) both department stores and specialty shops.

B) large parking lots.

C) place to meet friends.

D) sheltered environments.

E) walking distance from homes.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.3: Explain ways in which suburbs are segregated Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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70) Large numbers of employees of suburban businesses may suffer hardships because they do NOT A) commute to the CBD on privately funded transportation systems.

B) experience sprawl.

C) own automobiles, although in this new urban landscape public transportation is widely available.

D) own automobiles in an urban landscape where public transportation is limited.

E) have new school districts in an urban landscape where public schools are almost nonexistent.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.3: Explain ways in which suburbs are segregated Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 71) Which is NOT a reason why consumer services are increasingly located in suburbs?

A) Availability and cost of land.

B) The large pool of potential employees in the vicinity.

C) Provision of free parking in large lots owned by the developer.

D) Advantage of being adjacent to other consumer services and highways.

E) Closer proximity to potential customers.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Suburban Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.3: Explain ways in which suburbs are segregated Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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72) Which statement describes a historical reason why suburbs in the United States are often segregated?

A) those with low incomes or minorities are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the housing, and the unfriendliness (or discrimination) of established residents B) widespread belief in the myth that property values would decline if minorities were allowed to buy property there C) legal devices, such as requiring several small houses to sit on a large lot of land amid several different apartments, kept housing prices too high D) minorities or those with low incomes are unable to live in some areas because of the high cost of the private schools E) the welcoming attitude and friendliness of established residents extended to people with low incomes and minorities Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 13.3: Suburban Segregation Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.3.3: Explain ways in which suburbs are segregated Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 73) The largest number of daily automobile trips are made primarily for A) church or school.

B) shopping.

C) personal errands.

D) work.

E) social and recreational endeavors.

Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Reliance on Motor Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.4: Describe the strategies to reduce the impact of motor vehicles in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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74) Which of the following is NOT one of the transportation epochs identified by John Borchert?

A) Satellite-Electronic-Jet Propulsion Epoch B) Steel Rail Epoch C) Sail-Wagon Epoch D) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch E) Iron Horse Canal Epoch Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Reliance on Motor Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.4: Describe the strategies to reduce the impact of motor vehicles in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 75) The current era of transportation development is characterized by A) the invention of the internal combustion engine.

B) association with solar powered cars.

C) electronic control of transportation systems.

D) government funding and subsidies for public transportation.

E) 60 miles per gallon vehicles.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Reliance on Motor Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.4: Describe the strategies to reduce the impact of motor vehicles in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 76) The U.S. government has encouraged the use of cars in part by A) building interstate highways.

B) charging high gasoline taxes.

C) constructing new subways.

D) protecting prime agricultural land.

E) giving tax credits to automobile owners.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Reliance on Motor Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.4: Describe the strategies to reduce the impact of motor vehicles in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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77) Which is NOT a reason that reliance on private motor vehicles has remained high in the United States?

A) lack of availability to public transport options in many areas B) the convenience of driving from point A to point B C) the comfort and privacy of motor vehicles D) the perceived low cost of insurance, maintenance, and gas E) electric and hybrid vehicle availability Answer: E Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Reliance on Motor Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.4: Describe the strategies to reduce the impact of motor vehicles in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 78) Compared to the private automobile, public transportation offers more A) energy efficiency.

B) flexibility.

C) pollution.

D) privacy.

E) range.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 79) Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of A) blockbusting.

B) commuting.

C) threshold.

D) skyscrapers.

E) restrictive zoning.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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80) Which is NOT an example of a public transit system?

A) light rail B) trucks C) buses D) subways E) streetcars Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 81) Which describes the financial status of public transportation systems in the United States?

A) profitable B) breaking even C) operating at a loss D) free for urban residents E) totally funded by tax dollars Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 82) Which example does NOT illustrate how urban areas benefit from public transit systems?

A) Reduced congestion and faster travel times at rush hour.

B) Underground transit systems do not interfere with street traffic.

C) Thousands of people living in suburbs must commute daily into the CBD. D) Light rail increases congestion and noise.

E) A bus can carry up to thirty times the number traveling in a single car.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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83) Which feature would NOT be found in urban areas in the United States prior to the widespread use of automobiles for commuting?

A) Overcrowding in downtown areas because people needed to live in walking distance to their place of employment.

B) Widespread development of suburbs outside the inner rings of the CBD for wealthy business owners.

C) Clusters of "streetcar suburbs" along the route of the railway lines.

D) Horse-drawn carriages and buggies moving slowly through crowded city streets.

E) Elevated train lines operated by steam or horse-power.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 84) What percent of commuting trips in the United States are taken on public transit?

A) 3.5 B) 5 C) 12 D) 19.5 E) 32 Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 85) Recent trends in public transportation systems in the United States has been to A) continue improving highways, bridges, and airports.

B) shift public money for education to investment in railroads.

C) encourage carpools and the creation of carpool lanes on highways.

D) invest in and expand subways and light rail systems in the largest cities.

E) place less restriction on Uber and Lyft operators.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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86)

Use Figure 13-7 to answer the question. Total transit trips in the United States indicate that A) subway systems are used by millions of people near cities in the Boswash corridor.

B) all major cities in Texas have established rail systems used by at least 100,000 riders.

C) passengers rely on public rail systems in all major cities in Michigan.

D) Atlanta is the only city in the south to provide a rail system to commuters.

E) the number of transit trips in Minneapolis is comparable to that of Miami.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 87) Which explains why some residents of inner-city neighborhoods face challenges in achieving economic prosperity?

A) distance from jobs and low technical skills B) high employment rates and illiteracy C) childcare services and police protection D) public transportation and education E) social mobility and government services Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Challenged Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.1: Summarize social challenges faced by many cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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88) Which best describes the location of the underclass within the United States?

A) clustered in inner-city neighborhoods B) dispersed throughout the city C) clustered in suburbs D) distributed evenly between the suburbs and the city E) distributed across the commuter zone Answer: A Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Challenged Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.1: Summarize social challenges faced by many cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 89) Which is NOT a factor in the health and safety of people in inner cities?

A) elevated crime rates linked to drug trafficking B) lack of accessible childcare services C) limited government investment in housing upkeep D) population growth encouraged by redevelopment strategies E) underfunded police and fire departments Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Challenged Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.1: Summarize social challenges faced by many cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 90) According to U.S. government estimates, what percentage of the homeless population is comprised of children?

A) 5 B) 10 C) 15 D) 25 E) 40 Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Challenged Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.1: Summarize social challenges faced by many cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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91) The process of gentrification occurs when A) people in the lower class move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing.

B) families with limited incomes remain in their homes through public subsidies.

C) people in the upper class move into deteriorated middle-income neighborhoods and subdivide the housing so that lower-income people can move in.

D) people in the middle class move into deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods and renovate the housing.

E) the value of homes in run-down neighborhoods suddenly decline, becoming more affordable.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Renewed Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.2: Describe the process of gentrification Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 92) A process of converting a neighborhood from low-income to middle-class or upper-class residences is A) blockbusting.

B) filtering.

C) gentrification.

D) redlining.

E) zoning.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Renewed Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.2: Describe the process of gentrification Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 93) Which of the following reasons does NOT favor gentrification?

A) Renovation of existing housing may be better than a new home.

B) Housing costs are generally lower.

C) The process tends to increase social diversity.

D) Inner city living reduces commute times.

E) Houses may possess attractive architectural detail not found in new construction.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Renewed Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.2: Describe the process of gentrification Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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94) Which is NOT a strategy several U.S. cities have used to revitalize their downtown areas?

A) Renovation of historic warehouses, train stations or markets.

B) Removal of highways and parking garages in favor of parks and greenspace.

C) Restoration of auto dealerships and warehouses to the CBD. D) Rehabilitation of harbors and access to unique views.

E) Returning consumer services such as fresh grocers and bookstores to the CBD. Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Renewed Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.2: Describe the process of gentrification Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 95) Public housing is defined as A) low-income housing that is converted to middle-class housing.

B) illegally established low-income housing.

C) housing that has changed from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment.

D) housing that is owned by the government is provided at reduced rate to people with low incomes.

E) buildings rented at reduced rates to house public services, such as government agencies.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: The City Renewed Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.2: Describe the process of gentrification Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 96) The supply of public housing in the United States A) has kept pace with demand.

B) has been reduced as incomes have steadily increased.

C) was eliminated in both Chicago and St. Louis.

D) is often inadequate to meet demand.

E) is only found on an urban periphery.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: The City Renewed Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.2: Describe the process of gentrification Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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97) Which is a method used to reduce traffic demand on congested roads?

A) reduced car sales and increased parking options B) prohibition of SUVs in congested areas C) congestion charges and tolls during peak travel times D) higher taxes for multi-car families E) forced distancing parking for cars with low mileage efficiency Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: Controlling Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.3: Consider alternative methods for addressing traffic congestion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 98) Unlocking and driving a provided vehicle using your smartphone is known as A) carpooling.

B) sharing vehicle services.

C) earning extra money by driving a private car for uber.

D) public transport services.

E) lyft.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: Controlling Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.3: Consider alternative methods for addressing traffic congestion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 99) Which is NOT a way technology is employed to mitigate traffic congestion?

A) GPS systems that find and map the quickest route.

B) Apps that notify drivers of accidents and delays.

C) Charging of tolls directly to drivers through electronic systems.

D) Radio stations report traffic problems reported in by cameras or motorists.

E) GPS technology assists drivers in reducing road capacity.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: Controlling Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.3: Consider alternative methods for addressing traffic congestion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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100) Which is NOT a potential advantage of using autonomous vehicles to improve congestion and traffic issues in cities?

A) More vehicles can fit on the road because they can brake more quickly.

B) Improved access to transportation for those currently unable to drive for physical reasons.

C) Fewer accidents caused by human distraction or error would occur.

D) Improved technology will make autonomous vehicles affordable for more people.

E) Driverless buses and taxis can work around the clock.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: Controlling Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.3: Consider alternative methods for addressing traffic congestion Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 101) The decision to develop alternative fuel vehicles is based on the need to A) satisfy the preference for personal vehicles and reduce the demand for fossil fuels.

B) fund pollution control programs.

C) remove trolley lines and tracks in inner cities.

D) exceed pollution standards set by developing countries.

E) reduce profits for automakers.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: Impacts of Near-Future Changes in Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.4: Describe changes in vehicles and the impact of the changes on cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 102) According to the United Nations, the reduction of pollution and the dependency on fossil fuels will require A) wholesale conversion to solar energy.

B) revitalization of decommissioned high dams.

C) use of carbon capture and storage mechanisms.

D) fracking.

E) safe disposal of lithium batteries.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: Impacts of Near-Future Changes in Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.4: Describe changes in vehicles and the impact of the changes on cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry

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103) Which statement about the impact of energy on the environment is NOT true?

A) Electric-powered vehicles may reduce consumption of petroleum if they are charged on nonfossil fuel power grids.

B) Carbon capture and storage systems involve reducing CO2 in the atmosphere by capturing and storing it underground.

C) The "greenest" source of alternative energy varies by location.

D) One percent of the world's 90 million vehicles produced and sold in 2018 were powered by electricity.

E) The electric grids across the United States have been standardized to ensure efficiency and reliable delivery of service.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: Impacts of Near-Future Changes in Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.4: Describe changes in vehicles and the impact of the changes on cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 1: Demonstrate an understanding of the principles of scientific inquiry 104) The energy efficiency of a hybrid car is tied to A) the use of hybrid gasolines.

B) the generation of electricity from rooftop solar panels and wind turbines affixed to the sides and undercarriage of the car.

C) the use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, whereas at low speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.

D) the use of a gasoline engine at low speeds, whereas at high speeds an electric motor takes over; moreover, energy that would have otherwise escaped as heat is captured and stored while the car is coasting and braking.

E) the use of a gasoline engine at high speeds, and at low speeds, when the gas engine is most efficient, an electric motor takes over, energy that would otherwise be gained while coasting and braking is lost.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: Impacts of Near-Future Changes in Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.4: Describe changes in vehicles and the impact of the changes on cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society

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105)

Use Figure 13-8 to answer the question. Which of the following conclusions is NOT supported by the data in the graph?

A) The standards set for 2020 will be nearly double of the levels seen in the 1970s.

B) Improving fuel economy was not a concern of the U.S. from 1990 to 2010.

C) The efficiency of cars improved more significantly than that of trucks in the mid-1980s.

D) U.S. cars achieved standards of 35 miles to the gallon in approximately 2012.

E) Trucks have improved fuel efficiency since 2010 due to conversion to electric vehicles.

Answer: E Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: Impacts of Near-Future Changes in Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.4: Describe changes in vehicles and the impact of the changes on cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data 106) Using the city of Shanghai as an example, which does NOT accurately describe a key geographic trend in urbanization?

A) the rapid urbanization of the world's most populous country B) a city connected to the world through international finance and communication C) a change in scale as it transformed from a small port city to settlement of 24 million D) lack of public transportation systems that could encourage the development of the city E) spaces within the city shared by both rich and poor Answer: D Diff: 1 Section: 13.4: Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Learning Outcome: 13.4.5: Apply geography's five basic concepts to cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society

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107) Which example best illustrates a geographic concept associated with China's efforts to create more sustainable cities?

A) Rapid urbanization of the rural population producing changes in region and density.

B) Innovative high-speed train systems facilitating connections between city neighborhoods and other urban centers.

C) High rise financial districts in cities such as Shanghai modifying the scale of urban settlements.

D) The decline in density of rural communities representing more efficient farming methods across space.

E) The oldest urban place in China, the Potala Palace in the Autonomous Region of Tibet, being powered by renewable energy.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Section: 13.4: Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.4.5: Apply geography's five basic concepts to cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society 108) The owners of a major downtown department store have decided to relocate the store to the suburbs. a) In the short term, which types of changes would you expect to see in the CBD after the departure of its major employer? b) Describe the possible long-term changes that may occur if another retail establishment does not occupy the site.

Answer: a) The CBD would experience a general decline as income levels fall and fewer businesses that had been supported by the main employers can survive. The empty department store may lead to fewer customers and tourists in nearby stores, as well as restaurants, museums, and hotels; and b) Long-term, another business may convert the space once occupied into another store, attraction, or multi-use retail in an attempt to attract new businesses. The space vacated by the employer could be converted to "loft" housing, attracting younger people to live in the CBD. If the city is a capital, more business services may emerge to replace the retail stores.

Diff: 2 Section: 13.1: The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.1.2: Describe distinctive features of the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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109) What types of retail activities have you seen in your city's CBD, and how do these compare with the types predicted by our urban models?

Answer: Answers may vary but may discuss shops with a high range; shops appealing to office workers; could include whether city has more vertical or horizontal space, and/or underground retail. May mention nodes of a large city or other distinctive patterns of development and land use.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.1: The Central Business District Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.1.2: Describe distinctive features of the CBD Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 110) Sustainability experts have recommended gardening and the raising of chickens within urban areas as ways to improve health and living standards and to counter the effects of food deserts. a) Summarize the types of economic, social, and governmental barriers that these efforts might encounter in different zones or neighborhoods. b) In which urban districts might these efforts meet with resistance or be welcomed? Explain your answer.

Answer: Answers may vary. a) Economic barriers include the high value of land in the CBD, wealthy residents not wanting gardens or small-scale farming and animals adjacent to their neighborhoods, and laws may prohibit animals or compost in the city; and b) If the city has been losing population, then open space may be improved by conversion to green space and gardens, attracting families and volunteers downtown on weekends and evenings, and could be supported by government grants to improve nutrition.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.1: Competing for Space in CBDs Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.1.3: Describe the use of vertical space in the CBD and the exclusion of some land uses Nat'l Geo. Std.: 14: How human actions modify the physical environment Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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111) Describe similarities and differences in the central business districts of cities in the United States and Europe.

Answer: Answers may vary. In North America the CBD tends to empty out in the evening as it is where mostly business services are located. People commute home to suburbs after work where they do their shopping in malls. In Europe, the wealthier individuals live in inner rings near the CBD and are attracted by the cultural and recreational opportunities of the downtown.

They enjoy more consumer services for day-to-day needs within the CBD. Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure; 13.2: Applying the models to North America; 13.2: Structure of European Cities Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas; 13.2.2: Analyze how the three models help to explain where people live; 13.2.3: Relate the models of urban structure to European urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 112) What model of urban development does your present city or town most closely resemble?

In what ways do some specific parts of it also resemble the other urban models?

Answer: Answers may vary. Must identify one of the models, give examples, and apply knowledge of the ways that no city fits a model completely.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.2: Models of Urban Structure Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.2.1: Describe three models of internal structure of urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills 113) How does social area analysis help explain the overall picture of where people live? What are the limitations of the three urban models?

Answer: Answers may vary. In the United States, census tract data is used as the basis of social area analysis which describes how people who have similar income and ethnicity are likely to live near one another, creating predictable clusters within U.S. cities. Although useful, the model is too simple to fully explain human behavior or choice and the models are outdated when applied to modern urban spaces.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in North America Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.2.2: Analyze how the three models help to explain where people live Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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114) To what extent do the three models explain the internal structure of cities in developing countries?

Answer: Answers may vary. The concentric zone model is most commonly applied as cities grow rapidly out from a central core where most services and amenities are located. Expansion creates rings that tend to follow the pattern of high-income people in the inner core near downtown and outer rings characterized by informal settlements. Sector and multiple-nuclei models are applied when there are a diverse mix of ethnic groups that live in distinct sectors or greater disparities in income reinforced since colonial times.

Diff: 2 Section: 13.2: Applying the Models in Developing Countries Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.2.5: Understand how the three models of urban structure describe patterns in cities in developing countries Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 2: Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills

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115)

Use Figure 13-9 to answer the questions. a) Describe the challenges posed by the fragmentation of local governments across the United States. b) Identify and describe two possible solutions for St. Louis County that would assist in distribution of revenue more equitably across the urbanized area.

Answer: Answers may vary. a) Local governments have become fragmented due to many small communities spread over large areas that may not want to be annexed to a larger city. People like to maintain autonomy in local villages and towns, and other areas remain unincorporated. This is an issue as it limits the ability of the cities and counties to do planning on a regional scale when building infrastructure such as highways, schools, water pipes, etc.; and b) Possible solutions are to create a federation of municipalities to work together or to consolidate city and county governments. Funds could be pooled and redistributed across low-income areas to support education, small-businesses or improved housing.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.3: Origin & Growth of Suburbs Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.3.1: Explain the process of suburban growth Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 48 ..

116)

Use Figure 13-10 to answer the questions. Portland, Oregon has enacted legislation that designates an urban growth boundary around the city. a) Describe this planning strategy and what it hopes to achieve. b) List and explain one argument for and one argument against this restriction.

Answer: a) This strategy is called smart growth and it is designed to curtail urban sprawl by limiting new suburban growth to within the urban growth boundary, land that is adjacent to already built-up areas. By "filling in" already urbanized areas, density is maintained, and no discontinuous suburbs emerge; and b) Advantages are that natural areas, wildlife and farmland around the city are protected and people living within the boundary can use public transportation rather than commuting long distances from suburbs. Potential disadvantages may be a shortage of housing within the city boundary which leads to high costs and less home ownership. The city may be limiting its long-term ability to grow economically.

Diff: 2 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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117) Over the past 100 years, explain how the automobile has contributed to urban sprawl.

Answer: Answers may vary but should touch on Federal dollars for roads, inexpensive gasoline, social desire to own land, and limited public transportation.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.3: Suburban Sprawl; 13.3: Reliance on Motor Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.3.2: Describe suburban sprawl; 13.3.4: Describe the strategies to reduce the impact of motor vehicles in urban areas Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 118) Describe the benefits and costs of reliance on motor vehicles and compare them with the benefits and costs of public transportation. Provide examples of each at an individual level and at an urban scale.

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to personal choice, perceived cost, consumption of land and congestion, lack of service, large capital outlays, operating at a loss.

Diff: 2 Section: 13.3: Reliance on Motor Vehicles; 13.3: Legacy of Public Transport Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Learning Outcome: 13.3.4: Describe the strategies to reduce the impact of motor vehicles in urban areas; 13.3.5: Describe the benefits and drawbacks of public transport Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing 119) Describe the processes and social outcomes of gentrification in inner-city neighborhoods.

Answer: Answers may vary but will likely discuss: converting poor inner-city neighborhood to middle-class housing that brings with it restaurants, bars, and increased housing prices and demand This largely drives out the current or traditional residents who can no longer afford to live there. Social justice would imply that displaced people be given alternative housing with equal access to existing services and transportation.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.4: The City Renewed Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.4.2: Describe the process of gentrification Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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120)

Use Figure 13-11 to answer the question. As more consumers choose to switch to vehicles powered by electricity, methods of electricity generation are increasingly important. a) Identify two states where driving an electric vehicle would contribute most to reduced emissions overall. b) Explain why electric vehicle emissions vary by region of the country and indicate how to improve air quality overall.

Answer: a) There are four possible answers: Oregon, Washington, South Dakota, and Vermont.

Because these states generate at least 40% of their electricity from hydroelectric sources, driving an electric vehicle will not deplete more fossil fuels or require more air pollution; and b) If the electricity used to power an electric car is generated through burning of coal, natural gas, or petroleum, the overall positive effect on the environment is reduced. Therefore, driving an electric car in Ohio or Texas may not do as much to lower emissions and improve air quality as it would be to charge and drive the car in Vermont. Only by driving more hybrid and electric vehicles as well as generating electricity through renewable sources will air quality be improved.

Answers may vary but should consider the reduction of coal and implementation of solar energy sources.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.4: Impacts of Near-Future Changes in Vehicles Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.4.4: Describe changes in vehicles and the impact of the changes on cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 3: Read and interpret graphs and data; 5: Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of science on society; 8: Communicate effectively in writing 51 ..

121) Describe a plan of your own for using existing automobile technologies most effectively in ways that positively impact human lives, city planning, and other societal concerns. Explain how your plan t might solve or ameliorate some of the problems faced by American cities.

Answer: Answers may vary but should speak to various alternative fuel vehicles and controlling vehicles in an urban environment. Ideas can include incentives to use public transport such as reduced fares during off-peak times Students should include an explanation of how recommendations from their plan addresses a problem faced by American cities, such as reduced smog and pollution, improved quality of life by decreased commuting time, conversion of highways into parks by moving to underground transit systems, increased access to the city, which can lead to more diverse and lively city centers.

Diff: 3 Section: 13.4: Controlling Vehicles; 13.4: Impacts of Near-future Changes in Vehicles; 13.4: Revisiting Geography's Key Concepts Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating Learning Outcome: 13.4.3: Consider alternative methods for addressing traffic congestion; 13.4.4: Describe changes in vehicles and the impact of the changes on cities; 13.4.5: Apply geography's five basic concepts to cities Nat'l Geo. Std.: 12: The processes, patterns, and functions of human settlement Global Sci. Std.: 8: Communicate effectively in writing

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