Arts and Culture An Introduction to the Humanities, Combined Volume, 4E Janetta Rebold Benton Test B

Test Item File for ARTS AND CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMANITIES Volume 1 by Janetta Rebold Benton and Robert DiYanni

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Chapter 1: Prehistoric, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian Civilizations Multiple Choice 1. It is thought that the __________ was used for Old Kingdom tombs because, as one of the most stable geometric forms, it symbolized permanence to ancient Egyptians.

A. circle B. cube C. sphere D. pyramid E. cone Answer: D Page ref: 22 2. During the New Kingdom, burial in __________ replaced burial in pyramids.

A. the temple B. rock-cut tombs C. a courtyard in the palace D. the city square E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 26 3. The Human-Headed Winged Lion (fig. 1.9) with the body of a lion, wings of a bird, and head of a human probably functioned as a(n) __________.

A. worshipper in the temples B. figure celebrating military victories C. guardian figure D. illustration of favorite stories E. king Answer: C Page ref: 13 4. Which of the following is not true regarding Paleolithic sculpture?

A. The most frequently depicted subjects are memory images of animals B. There are few figures of wood or other perishable materials that remain today C. The most famous example of a sculpture from the era is the Woman (or Venus) of Willendorf (fig. 1.2) D. In France, a clay sculpture of two bison was found E. No humans are represented Answer: E Page ref: 5 5. The basic plan of the rock-cut tombs of the Middle Kingdom resemble __________.

A. an Egyptian home of the time B. the pharaoh’s palace C. a typical Egyptian shop D. the simplest type of temple E. both B and D Answer: A Page ref: 26 6. Egyptian relief sculptures and paintings show human figures both in profile and frontal positions simultaneously __________.

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A. t0 display each part of the body from its most characteristic point of view B. because artists were unskilled in drawing the human body C. because such a design was dictated by Egyptian religious beliefs D. none of the above E. both A and C Answer: A Page ref: 29 7. The only significant break in the continuity of Egyptian life were the political, religious, and artistic changes during the reign of which pharaoh?

A. Zoser B. Chefren C. Tutankhamen D. Akhenaten E. Mycerinus Answer: D Page ref: 31 8. The ruler __________ is associated with an ancient code of laws and decrees.

A. Naram-Sin B. Gilgamesh C. Hammurabi D. Nebuchadnezzar E. Ashurnasirpal II Answer: C Page ref: 12 9. Some scholars believe that cave paintings were created to __________.

A. ensure a successful hunt B. express the power of the ruler C. commemorate the death of a member of the group D. celebrate an abundant harvest E. represent gods Answer: A Page ref: 6 10. King Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt __________ which became the greatest city in the Near East.

A. Babylon B. Cairo C. Lagash D. Ur E. Persepolis Answer: A Page ref: 14 11. The earliest burial places of the Old Kingdom Egyptian nobility were called __________, flat-topped one-story rectangular buildings with slanted walls.

A. pyramids B. serdabs C. mortuary temples D. mastabas E. huts Answer: D Page ref: 21 12. Scholars were able to decipher Egyptian writing by comparing the three languages included on the __________.

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A. Palette of Narmer B. Rosetta Stone C. Stepped Pyramid of Zoser D. Book of the Dead E. wall relief of Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt Answer: B Page ref: 18 13. The term ka is roughly equivalent to the concept of __________.

A. sin B. good versus evil C. heaven D. judgment E. a soul Answer: E Page ref: 20 14. What is known of Paleolithic life derives largely from __________.

A. cromlechs B. cuneiform writing C. relief sculptures D. paintings found in caves E. all of the above Answer: D Page ref: 5 15. The Great Sphinx (fig. 1.17) __________.

A. was placed in a Valley Temple B. is made of gold and semiprecious stones C. indicates the power of the pharaoh D. reappears in Classical Greek mythology E. none of the above Answer: C Page ref: 22 16. In painting of the Neolithic era __________.

A. paintings are located in rock shelters and beneath cliff overhangs B. the human figure is given prominence C. paintings feature more storytelling than in the Paleolithic era D. all of the above E. none of the above Answer: D Page ref: 6 17. The oldest known major literary work in the world is called __________.

A. The Iliad B. The Tale of Genji C. The Poem of the Supersage D. The Law Code of Hammurabi E. The Epic of Gilgamesh Answer: E Page ref: 10 18. Egyptian relief work, such as Ti Watching a Hippopotamus Hunt (fig. 1.21), was meant to be seen __________.

A. by visitors to the nobleman’s tomb B. by no one

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C. only by the ka of the deceased D. by priests who came often to the tomb to perform rituals E. by those who discovered the tomb thousands of years later Answer: C Page ref: 25 19. __________ is (are) the most common subjects for European cave paintings.

A. Scenes of battle B. Animals C. Humans participating in religious rituals D. Women representing fertility goddesses E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 5 20. __________ is not one of the standard poses for Egyptian sculptures of the human figure.

A. Sitting on a block B. Standing with one foot forward C. Sitting cross-legged on the floor D. Kneeling on both knees E. Reclining Answer: E Page ref: 22 21. Which of the following statements is true of New Kingdom temples?

A. One of the largest is at Luxor B. The temples were considered the home of the gods C. They were constructed using the post and lintel system D. The entire temple complex was essentially symmetrical and organized around a longitudinal axis E. all of the above Answer: E Page ref: 26 22. __________ is (are) not included in the Victory Stele of Naram-Sin (fig. 1.7).

A. A mountain B. The ruler Naram-Sin C. An army victoriously marching up the mountain D. A representation of the temple E. A set of stars representing Naram Sin’s protecting gods Answer: D Page ref: 11

True/False 23. A ziggurat is a mountain-like platform upon which Sumerians placed their temples.

Answer: T Page ref: 9 24. The prophet Zoroaster, a Persian, developed a dualistic religion that asserted the universe was divided between two forces, one good and the other evil.

Answer: T Page ref: 15 25. A serdab is a hidden room in a tomb that contains a statue of the dead person.

Answer: T Page ref: 21

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26. Hieroglyphics was the writing system used by the Assyrians.

Answer: F Page ref: 18 27. Homo sapiens means “the ignorant man.”

Answer: F Page ref: 5 28. The process of brewing beer was developed by the Sumerians around 8000 years ago.

Answer: T Page ref: 16 29. Polytheism is the belief in a single god.

Answer: F Page ref: 9 30. The Palette of Narmer (fig. 1.14) comes from the Egyptian city of Hierakonpolis.

Answer: T Page ref: 17 31. The Mesopotamians used a form of writing known as cuneiform.

Answer: T Page ref: 8 32. A cromlech is a horizontal beam supported by vertical posts.

Answer: F Page ref: 7

Short Answer 33. Examine the form and purpose of the Woman (or Venus) of Willendorf .

34. What is the most likely use of the architecture at Stonehenge?

35. Trace the development of cuneiform writing.

36. Summarize the Sumerian religion and include a discuss of religious architecture and artifacts.

37. Describe the aspects of the rebuilding of Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar II. 38. Trace the development of Egyptian funerary architecture of the Old Kingdom from the mastaba to the pyramid.

39. What is a ka statue and why was it made of stone?

40. Explain the changes that took place during the reign of Akhenaten and the effects of these changes on art production of the time.

41. Describe how ancient Egypt was imagined by Europeans during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.

42. What do wall paintings suggest about dance and music in ancient Egyptian world?

Essay

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43. Compare and contrast religious ideas and practice in the Stone Age, Mesopotamia, and Egypt by examining one work from each culture.

44. Explore the reasons for the emphasis on military exploits in Mesopotamian art.

45. Corroborate or refute the statement, “The unquestioning acceptance of convention is a major characteristic of ancient Egyptian culture” through an exploration of works dating to the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

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Chapter 2: Aegean Culture and Early Greece Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following does not describe the early kouros.

A. Originally painted B. Influenced by Egypt C. Freestanding D. Contains a supporting back pillar E. Is a figure of a bird Answer: D Page ref: 63-65 2. The __________ is the most ancient of the Aegean civilizations.

A. Minoan B. Mycenaean C. Geometric Greek D. Cycladic E. Sumerian Answer: D Page ref: 51 3. Before Athens came to dominate pottery manufacture, __________ was the biggest vaseproducing city in Greece.

A. Sparta B. Delphi C. Thessalonica D. Neapolis E. Corinth Answer: E Page ref: 62 4. During the Archaic period, Greek sculptors began to focus on __________.

A. scenes of violence B. the accurate portrayal of animal forms C. narrative scenes D. the expression of emotion E. the naturalistic depiction of the human figure Answer: E Page ref: 62 5. The major surviving architectural monument of the Minoans is the __________.

A. Funerary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut B. Treasury of Atreus C. Palace of Minos D. Palace of Darius and Xerxes E. none of the above Answer: C Page ref: 52 6. Which of the following is not a feature of the Mycenaean Lion Gate (fig. 2.6)?

A. Main gateway to the fortified hilltop city of Mycenae B. Includes a lintel topped by a relieving triangle C. Guardian lions flank an Egyptian-style column D. The oldest piece of monumental sculpture in Europe

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E. The doorway weighs approximately twenty tons Answer: C Page ref: 55 7. Although the methods of creating pottery changed over the centuries, subjects frequently derived from __________.

A. mythology B. political gatherings C. daily life D. both A and C E. none of the above Answer: D Page ref: 62 8. The chief deities of the Minoan religion were female, and __________ is the best known example in sculptural form.

A. The Toreador Fresco B. The Snake Goddess C. Landscape D. Three-handled Vase with Lilies and Papyrus E. Woman of Willendorf Answer: B Page ref: 54 9. According to Benton and DiYanni’s text, the __________ best embodies the warlike character of the Mycenaeans.

A. Warrior Vase B. Mask of Agamemnon C. Treasury of Atreus D. Lion Gate E. Kamares War Spouted Three-Handled Pithos with Fish Answer: A Page ref: 56 10. A number of wall paintings recently discovered at Akrotiri on Thera (Santorini) include a __________ unlike any other known to have survived from antiquity.

A. landscape B. narrative scene C. still life D. portrait of the ruler E. decorative pattern Answer: A Page ref: 53 11. Just inside the Lion Gate (fig. 2.6) archaeologists excavated six shaft graves with many spectacular items made of __________.

A. gold B. silver C. bronze D. all of the above E. both A and C Answer: E Page ref: 56 12. The __________ is the most distinctive architectural element in Minoan architecture.

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A. column B. arch C. window design D. shape of the roof E. all of the above Answer: A Page ref: 53 13. The Geometric period of ancient Greek art is sometimes referred to as the __________ Age, since it was during this time that Homer created his poetic epics.

A. Homeric B. triumphant C. Heroic D. Odyssean E. city-state Answer: C Page ref: 58 14. The Treasury of Atreus (fig. 2.7) was neither a treasury nor was it associated with Atreus; it was actually a __________.

A. lookout tower B. throne room C. meeting hall D. tomb E. temple Answer: D Page ref: 55 15. __________ is the writing found at Knossos on the island of Crete.

A. Hieroglyphics B. Cuneiform C. Linear A and Linear B D. none of the above E. both A and B Answer: C Page ref: 51 16. In __________ pottery details are created by scraping through the black slip used to create the figures to reveal the red clay beneath.

A. black-figure B. red-figure C. Orientalizing D. Geometric E. white ground Answer: A Page ref: 62 17. The Geometric style of pottery is known for its __________.

A. horizontal rows or bands B. funeral scenes C. some narrative elements D. geometric ornament, such as meanders (maze patterns), checkers, zigzags, and lozenges E. all of the above Answer: E Page ref: 59 18. Minoans subsisted primarily as __________.

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A. farmers B. sailors and traders C. potters D. pirates E. priests and prophets Answer: B Page ref: 52

True/False 19. The Odyssey was written by Hesiod.

Answer: F Page ref: 60 20. Sappho was an Archaic lyric poet.

Answer: T Page ref: 62 21. The Minoan culture was centered on the island of Thasos.

Answer: F Page ref: 52 22. The term polis means “house.”

Answer: F Page ref: 58 23. Heinrich Schliemann was the archaeologist who found Troy and worked at Mycenae.

Answer: T Page ref: 56 24. The Geometric period spans the years between c. 600 and 485 B.C.E. Answer: F Page ref: 58 25. Red-figure is a style of Minoan pottery.

Answer: F Page ref: 62 26. Ashlar is a type of masonry featuring stone carefully cut with right-angle corners.

Answer: T Page ref: 55

Short Answer 27. List the three dominant civilizations of the early Aegean period, noting where each was located.

28. Describe the form and function of the typical Cycladic statuette.

29. Summarize the Greek myth of the founding of the Minoan culture.

30. What do scholars believe the Toreador Fresco (fig. 2.4) demonstrates about Minoan civilization?

31. What are the essential differences between the Minoans and the Mycenaeans?

32. What are the key features of Geometric Greek art and how do these elements reflect social structures?

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33. Outline the main themes of The Iliad and The Odyssey.

34. Describe some of the most important concepts of early Greek philosophy.

35. Who was Sappho and what does her work offer that epic poetry does not?

36. What is a kouros and kore and what do these figures tell one of Greek gender roles and ideals in the Archaic period?

Essay 37. Compare and contrast the treatment of the human form in Cycladic culture with that of the Archaic phase of Greek art through a detailed examination of two works.

38. Explore the effects of trading during the Orientalizing period on the ceramic art of Corinth.

39. Benton and DiYanni assert that, “Perhaps nothing distinguished the rise of ancient Greece as a civilization more than its love of pure thought,” or philosophy. How was philosophy translated into visual form?

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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece Multiple Choice 1. In the philosophy of __________ the individual must accept whatever fortune brings; all the person can do is exercise control over her or his own will.

A. Epicureanism B. Cynicism C. Stoicism D. Platonism E. Aristotelianism Answer: C Page ref: 102 2. The two major disasters to strike Athens in the late fifth century B.C.E. were __________.

A. earthquake and famine B. plague and war C. drought and civic unrest D. volcanic eruption and political alliance with Egypt E. floods and crop disease Answer: B Page ref: 82 3. The Nike of Samothrace (fig. 3.19) was designed to give the impression that __________.

A. Athena has grabbed the hair of a winged monster who writhes in agony B. the goddess had just descended to the prow of the ship C. it is trying to block the entry of the Greek gift-horse into Troy D. none of the above E. both B and C Answer: B Page ref: 101 4. __________ is not a Greek playwright.

A. Aeschylus B. Pythagoras C. Euripides D. Aristophanes E. Sophocles Answer: B Page ref: 97 5. According to scholars, __________ is the subject of the Parthenon Frieze (fig. 3.5).

A. the mythological battle between the Lapiths and the Centaurs B. a group of elegant women processing towards the temple C. the wedding of Peleus and Thetis D. gods and goddesses receiving the message that Athena has been born E. one of the foundation myths of Athens, that of Erechtheus and his daughters Answer: E Page ref: 85 6. The Altar of Zeus (fig. 3.17) at Pergamon was erected to commemorate victory over __________.

A. Persians B. Spartans C. Egyptians D. Babylonians

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E. Gauls Answer: E Page ref: 100 7. According to the Greeks, the basic elements of music derived from __________.

A. literature B. philosophy C. mathematics D. biology E. chemistry Answer: C Page ref: 97 8. The statements: “All philosophers are mortal. Aristotle is a philosopher. Aristotle is mortal,” is an example of a(n) __________.

A. syllogism B. sophistry C. catharsis D. Epicurean dictum E. dramatic irony Answer: A Page ref: 95 9. The __________ is the only Acropolis building that was actually finished.

A. Parthenon B. Propylaia C. Erechtheion D. Temple of Athena Nike E. The Altar of Zeus, Pergamon Answer: A Page ref: 83 10. Sigmund Freud’s theory of __________ contends that a boy grows up competing with his father for his mother’s attention and affection.

A. the Oedipus complex B. dramatic irony C. sophistry D. the Socratic method E. the Elektra complex Answer: A Page ref: 92 11. Which of the following associations does not match what we know about the Classical Orders?

A. Doric: oldest and simplest B. Ionic: volutes C. Corinthian: abacus and echinus D. Doric: metope E. Ionic: continuous frieze Answer: C Page ref: 83 12. Which of the following describes Laocoön and His Sons (fig. 3.20)?

A. Only rediscovered in 1506 in Rome B. Displays great energy, induced by agony C. The subject comes from Homer’s Iliad D. all of the above E. none of the above

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Answer: D Page ref: 101 13. Which of the following is not true about the rebuilding of the Acropolis?

A. It was made necessary by the destruction of war B. At first, ruined buildings were left bare as a reminder of Egyptian aggression C. Restoration of the site eventually came to be seen as a matter of civic responsibility D. Rebuilding was meant as an homage to Athena E. The leader who headed the rebuilding efforts was Perikles Answer: B Page ref: 82

True/False 14. Solon divided the citizens of Athens into ten classes.

Answer: F Page ref: 81 15. Thucydides wrote a history of the Peloponnesian War. Answer: T Page ref: 82 16. Athens was divided into neighborhoods called demes by Cleisthenes.

Answer: T Page ref: 81 17. Atlantes are female figures used as architectural supports.

Answer: F Page ref: 86 18. Pergamon was an important Hellenistic city.

Answer: T Page ref: 100 19. A lekythos is a jar used to carry water.

Answer: F Page ref: 89 20. An acropolis is the high point of a Greek city.

Answer: T Page ref: 82 21. Nike is the Greek word for victory.

Answer: T Page ref: 101 22. The Kritios Boy (fig. 3.8) is a sculpture of the Hellenistic period.

Answer: F Page ref: 87 23. Epicureanism is a type of music played on the lyre.

Answer: F Page ref: 103

Short Answer 24. Outline what is meant by the term “classical” and list an example of its use in either art or literature.

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25. What political reform contributed to the rise of Athens as the cultural center of the Greek world of the fifth century B.C.E. 26. List the visual refinements found on the Parthenon (fig. 3.3).

27. Summarize the design of Greek amphitheaters and provide an example of one.

28. For what reasons was music used in ancient Greek culture?

29. Provide an overview of the views of Plato and Aristotle on the ethical influence of music.

30. Delineate the four most famous playwrights of the Classical period and list one work by each.

31. How is the Nike of Samothrace (fig. 3.24) a paradigm of Hellenistic style?

32. Outline the “Black Athena debate” and describes how you would go about supporting one side or the other.

33. Describe the Hellenization of India.

Essay 34. The chief characteristics of Greek art are said to be balance, harmony, and proportion.

Evaluate the achievements of ancient Greece, from the Classical through the Hellenistic periods in light of these ideals by exploring sculptural work by Polykleitos, Lysippos, and the Nike of Samothrace (fig. 3.24).

35. Analyze how the shift of “political, artistic, social, and economic dominance” from mainland Greece to the Hellenistic Kingdoms affected art production.

36. Examine what the representation of philosophers during Classical and Hellenistic periods indicates about cultural values.

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Chapter 4: Roman Civilization Multiple Choice 1. Etruscan tombs contain the remains of __________.

A. beloved pets B. family groups C. conquered enemies D. none of the above E. all of the above Answer: B Page ref: 129 2. Art historians have identified __________ different styles of Roman wall painting.

A. six B. two C. three D. four E. ten Answer: D Page ref: 144 3. Horace was the most important writer of __________, which is a type of lyric poem that is made up of lines of varying lengths.

A. sonnets B. sestinas C. terza rimas D. villanelles E. odes Answer: E Page ref: 150 4. The statue Constantine the Great (fig. 4.19) demonstrates that the rise of Christianity brought a change in Roman art from the factual to the __________.

A. spiritual B. literal C. emotional D. brutal E. ideal Answer: A Page ref: 143 5. A forum was __________ in the Roman world.

A. the center of city life including both secular and sacred architecture B. a solemn area where funerary rituals only occurred C. a kind of wind instrument D. a two-storied structure used to store grain E. a bird native to the area near Pompeii Answer: A Page ref: 138 6. From the second century B.C.E. through the period of the Roman empire, __________ was the dominant Roman philosophy.

A. Cynicism B. Stoicism C. Platonism

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D. Skepticism E. Epicureanism Answer: B Page ref: 146 7. One of the most important aspects of the Pantheon (fig. 4.11) is that it __________.

A. displays poor engineering prowess B. was meant to symbolize the tomb of Augustus C. has a smooth, multi-colored ceiling D. is the perfect example of post and lintel architectural techniques E. was dedicated to “all the gods” Answer: E Page ref: 139 8. Which of the following does not describe Roman music?

A. Contemplative and served as the background for plays and poetry B. Influenced to some extent by Greek music C. Loud and aggressive D. Brass instruments were important E. Developed the hydraulos, an early type of organ Answer: A Page ref: 137 9. The Etruscan outlook on the afterlife seems to have been __________.

A. full of fear B. pessimistic C. uncertain D. optimistic E. unknown Answer: D Page ref: 130 10. The Colosseum (fig. 4.10) is a(n) __________.

A. bathhouse B. amphitheater C. mint D. both A and B E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 138 11. __________ preoccupation with violence and war in his writing may correspond to the fact that he was born in a time of civil war and grew up in a period of foreign wars and political strife.

A. Sallustus’ B. Livy’s C. Tacitus’ D. Horace E. Suetonius’ Answer: A Page ref: 147 12. In the Republic of Rome plebeians initially depended on the patricians for support, initiating the system known as __________.

A. sychophanty B. denigration C. patronage

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D. verism E. pietas Answer: C Page ref: 132 13. The relief sculptures on the __________ can be seen as part of a general imperial program to revitalize the institutions of marriage and family in Roman life.

A. Colosseum B. Column of Trajan C. Ara Pacis D. Pantheon E. Augustus of Primaporta Answer: C Page ref: 140

True/False 14. Vitruvius was a Roman sculptor.

Answer: F Page ref: 129 15. The Etruscans created the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing (fig. 4.3) at Tarquinia.

Answer: T Page ref: 130 16. Constantine was the first Christian ruler of the Roman empire.

Answer: T Page ref: 143 17. Stoicism is a Roman philosophy whose best known practitioners were Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius.

Answer: T Page ref: 146 18. Catullus is known for his statues of leading historical figures of his day.

Answer: F Page ref: 134 19. The Colosseum (fig. 4.10) is an amphitheater.

Answer: T Page ref: 138 20. The tetrarchy was Diocletian’s division of the Roman empire into four parts.

Answer: T Page ref: 136 21. Marcus Aurelius was a plebeian who overthrew the Etruscan kings to form the Roman Republic.

Answer: F Page ref: 142 22. The Pont du Gard, Nimes (fig. 4.8) is an aqueduct.

Answer: T Page ref: 134

Short Answer

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23. List the media that the Etruscans are associated with and give examples of representative works in these media.

24. Explain the role of the family in Roman society.

25. What were the social classes established during the Roman Republic?

26. Outline how Greek art influenced that of Rome by paraphrasing Horace’s famous statement on this issue and giving an example of visual art that reflect Greek influence.

27. What are some reasons why Rome became the most powerful city in the ancient world?

28. What were the innovations of Roman engineering and what is the perfect instance of these innovations?

29. How does the statue of Augustus of Primaporta (fig. 4.15) signal the move from the Republican period to that of the Empire?

30. How does the Roman amphitheater compare to that of the Greek both in form and in the entertainments on offer there?

31. Why does the art created under the emperor Constantine differ so greatly from that of earlier eras?

32. Summarize the plot and themes of Virgil’s Aeneid.

Essay 33. By analyzing several works of Roman art corroborate or refute the idea that the cultural achievements of Rome all came from Greek models.

34. The Roman emperors used art as a form of propaganda; that is, to serve as a way of legitimizing imperial power. Delineate the forms of propaganda by examining at least one art object and one literary work in depth.

35. Explore what characterizes art of the private sphere through an examination of at least three Roman paintings.

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Chapter 5: Judaism, Early Christianity, and Byzantine Civilizations Multiple Choice 1. Humans, as portrayed in Byzantine mosaics, __________.

A. are not necessarily intended to be recognizable portraits of specific individuals B. possess big dark eyes C. have long noses D. all of the answers E. are depicted with small mouths Answer: D Page ref: 190 2. __________ was not a popular theme for catacomb paintings.

A. Noah and the Ark B. The Crucifixion C. Moses D. Jonah and the Whale E. Susana Answer: B Page ref: 182 3. __________ was the most important expounder of Christian doctrine after Paul.

A. Justinian B. Pope Gregory C. Augustine D. Sebastian E. none of the above Answer: C Page ref: 186 4. The stories of the Creation and the Fall, of the Great Flood, and of the Tower of Babel are called __________ stories, or tales about the origins and causes of things.

A. ending B. historical C. evangelical D. etiological Answer: D Page ref: 177 5. In 313 C.E., Constantine issued the __________ which granted tolerance to those who practiced Christianity.

A. Edict of Milan B. Nicene Creed C. Great Schism D. Decalogue E. Council of Trent Answer: A Page ref: 179

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6. The Israelite prophets did not __________.

A. speak for God B. function as mouthpieces, preaching what they had been instructed by God C. teach the importance of living according to the Ten Commandments D. operate as voices of conscience E. foretell the future Answer: E Page ref: 174 7. Because __________, carving was scarce in the early Christian era, and sculpture was always secondary to painting and mosaics.

A. the early Christians did not know how to carve the stone B. of the disdain for the worship of idols C. the early Christians did not like the appearance of sculptures D. both A and C E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 180 8. The __________, found in the Qumran caves, contain scrolls of the book of Isaiah (fig. 5.2).

A. Vulgate B. Dead Sea Scrolls C. King James Bible D. Gnostic Gospel of Thomas E. Confessions Answer: B Page ref: 175 9. The design of the early Christian church was derived from the Roman __________ plan.

A. tomb B. theater C. basilica D. house E. forum Answer: C Page ref: 180 10. For the ancient Hebrews, divine acts like the conferring of the Ten Commandments were__________.

A. acknowledgements of their status as God’s Chosen People B. proofs that nature gods exist C. mysteries that were best forgotten D. all of the above E. none of the above Answer: A Page ref: 173 11. In works such as the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (fig. 5.8), the various Bible stories depicted were intended to __________.

A. demonstrate the artist’s skill in portraying the human form in accurate proportions B. provide the details of a story for an illiterate audience C. entertain with their fanciful tales D. focus on the drama of the scenes E. bring to mind a story that the viewer was expected to know already Answer: E Page ref: 183

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12. The __________ were distinct types of writing found in the New Testament.

A. Gospels B. Epistles, or letters C. Acts of the Apostles D. Revelation E. all of the above Answer: E Page ref: 183-185 13. __________ is the most elaborate church of the Second Golden Age of Byzantine art.

A. Hagia Sophia (fig. 5.13) in Istanbul B. St. Mark’s (fig. 5.17) in Venice C. San Vitale (fig. 5.11) in Ravenna D. Santa Costanza (fig. 5.6) in Rome E. Santi Pietro e Marcellino (fig. 5.9) in Rome Answer: B Page ref: 192 14. The evangelists are the __________ as expressed through the translation of the word from the Greek.

A. “speakers of evil” B. “doers of deeds” C. “the ones who smell” D. “those who sit in contemplations” E. “bearers of the good news” Answer: E Page ref: 173 15. The pressing of the grapes seen in the ambulatory of Santa Constanza, Rome (fig. 5.6) is a(n) __________ subject adapted for Christian use.

A. Islamic B. pagan C. Buddhist D. Taoist E. Orisa Answer: B Page ref: 181

True/False 16. Jesus taught through parables which are stories that illustrate essential Christian principles.

Answer: T Page ref: 178 17. The First Golden Age of Byzantine art was ushered in by the emperor Nero.

Answer: F Page ref: 188 18. Two kinds of singing developed in the Christian service: responsorial and antiphonal.

Answer: T Page ref: 185 19. Gnosticism was a major force in mainstream, orthodox Christianity.

Answer: F Page ref: 187

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20. The transition from circle to square in a Byzantine church was achieved through the use of sarcophagi.

Answer: F Page ref: 192 21. The Early Christian basilica is derived from the Egyptian pyramid.

Answer: F Page ref: 179 22. Judaism and Christianity are polytheistic religions.

Answer: F Page ref: 173 23. Catacombs are the underground cemeteries of the Christians in and around Rome.

Answer: T Page ref: 182 24. The permanent break or schism between the Eastern and Western churches took place in 800 C.E. Answer: F Page ref: 179 25. The early patriarchs of ancient Israel believed that they were favored by God who had made a covenant with them.

Answer: T Page ref: 173

Short Answer 26. Outline the elements that allow one to read the Bible as literature.

27. What are the two essentials of the teachings of Jesus?

28. To what would you attribute Roman persecution of the Christians?

29. Provide an example of the Christian basilica and outline the advantages and disadvantages of this form of architecture.

30. What do Benton and DiYanni mean by “The Golden Age of Constantinople?”

31. Give an example of the form and style of an icon.

32. List the basic differences between early Judaism and Early Christianity.

33. What were the roots and forms of Early Christian music?

34. Who, after Paul, was the most important figure in expounding Early Christian doctrine and why?

35. What was the Iconoclastic Controversy and how did it affect art production?

Essay 36. Benton and DiYanni observe that, “[. . .] the Hebrew tradition was spiritual, mystical, and founded on faith.” How can this statement be supported by the Menorahs and Ark of the Covenant (fig. 5.1) wall painting?

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37. Examine the merger of Roman style and Christian ideals in at least three works of art from the Early Christian era.

38. Color symbolism was extremely important to establishing an image of Byzantine rulers as powerful, as well as spiritual, beings. Explore the use of color as transmitter of meaning in the mosaics of Ravenna (fig. 5.11 and 5.12), the Creation Dome of St. Mark’s, Venice (fig. 5.18), and the Madonna and Child Enthroned (fig. 5.19).

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Chapter 6: Islamic Civilization Multiple Choice 1. The Bowl (fig. 6.9) from __________ is a good example of the effects of the Silk Route trade on Islamic aesthetic.

A. India B. Iran C. China D. Rome E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 227 2. The hundreds of __________ in the interior of the mosque at Cordova in Spain are one of its most notable features.

A. prayer rugs B. statues C. fountains D. columns E. plants Answer: D Page ref: 221 3. Islam spread rapidly because __________.

A. its basic teachings are simple B. its spiritual appeal C. its commercial magnetism D. through military subjugation E. all of the above Answer: E Page ref: 216 4. The main mosque of Constantinople, the Mosque of Sultan Sulayman (Suleiman) (fig. 6.4), reflects the influence of __________.

A. San Vitale B. Hagia Sophia C. The Dome of the Rock D. Alhambra Palace E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 222 5. The chapters of the Quran, called __________, become shorter as the text progresses.

A. surahs B. agas C. rasas D. khans E. none of the above Answer: A Page ref: 217 6. __________ is the first major Persian poet.

A. Firdawsi B. Umayyad

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C. Rabia Al-Adawiyya D. Averroes E. Avicenna Answer: A Page ref: 228 7. During the period of the four orthodox caliphs, or representatives of Muhammad, music was classed as one of the mulahi or __________.

A. “Five Pillars” of Islam B. chief means of worship C. forbidden pleasures D. higher forms of mathematics E. Muhammad’s joys Answer: C Page ref: 229 8. __________ is not one the “Five Pillars” of Islam.

A. Repetition of the creed B. Daily prayer C. Memorizing the Quran D. Fasting during Ramadan E. Pilgrimage to Mecca Answer: C Page ref: 216 9. Persian poetry is almost always lyrical, and its most frequent subject is __________.

A. war B. love C. religion D. politics E. loneliness Answer: B Page ref: 227-28

True/False 10. Cordova is a city in Turkey where there was an Islamic empire.

Answer: F Page ref: 222 11. The hadith consists of the coffin of Muhammed.

Answer: F Page ref: 218 12. Calligraphy pervades Islamic art and is, in part, a reflection of traditional Muslim iconoclasm.

Answer: T Page ref: 225 13. Avicenna and Averroes were two major voices of Islamic philosophy.

Answer: T Page ref: 220 14. A convert to a Sufi order was called a fakir.

Answer: T Page ref: 220

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15. The Sufis believed that the psychic illumination of the trance brought about through the “whirling dervish” dance could bring mystical ecstasy and direct contact with the divine.

Answer: T Page ref: 229 16. There are seven pillars of Islam.

Answer: F Page ref: 219 17. Firdawsi was a Persian architect.

Answer: F Page ref: 238 18. The muezzin is the person who ascends the staircase of a minaret to call faithful Muslims to prayer.

Answer: T Page ref: 221 19. The hegira refers to Muhammad’s flight to Medina where he died a decade later.

Answer: T Page ref: 217

Short Answer 20. What happened to Muhammad when he was around forty years old?

21. Who are the Shi’ites?

22. What is the view of Sufism toward women?

23. What were the reasons that, at first, Islam discouraged art?

24. What is the significance of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem for Jews, Christians, and Muslims respectively?

25. Why did calligraphy become popular in Islamic art?

26. What role does music play in the Islamic religion?

27. List the “Five Pillars” of Islam.

28. Outline the most important elements of the Muslim mosque and provide an example.

29. What is the significance of The Thousand and One Nights?

Essay 30. Compare and contrast the concept of God in early Judaism, early Christianity, and early Islam. How do particular works of art provide clues to concepts of divinity?

31. Why and how is architecture such an important part of conveying Muslim ideals?

32. Examine the effects of the Silk Trade on the production of Islamic art. What are the adaptations observed in Asian, Indian, and Spanish works of art, for instance?

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Chapter 7: Indian Civilization Multiple Choice 1. The American writer __________ was influenced by the Bhagavad Gita.

A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Henry David Thoreau C. Mark Twain D. Walt Whitman E. Emily Dickinson Answer: B Page ref: 257 2. __________ is the divine source of all being in the Hindu religion.

A. Brahman B. Sakyamuni C. Mahavira D. Shiva E. Ganesha Answer: A Page ref: 243 3. According to Benton and DiYanni, __________ is the most significant legacy of ancient India.

A. its temple design B. its political system C. its sculpture D. the Hindu religious heritage E. none of the above Answer: D Page ref: 257 4. The earliest significant body of Indian art extant today dates from the __________.

A. Vedic period B. Maurya period C. Gupta empire D. Mogul empire E. Chola period Answer: B Page ref: 246 5. __________ is the chief instrument used in playing ragas.

A. Voice B. Sitar C. Drum D. Tambura E. Flute Answer: B Page ref: 256 6. The Standing Buddha (fig. 7.6) characterizes the __________ style.

A. Vedic B. Gupta C. Maurya D. Hindu dynasties E. Post-Gupta

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Answer: B Page ref: 252 7. __________ is the earliest Indian literature.

A. The Vedas B. The Mahahharata C. The Ramayana D. The Upanishads E. The Gita Govinda Answer: A Page ref: 245 8. Various details on the Sarnath Lion Capital (fig. 7.2) are meant to suggest __________.

A. the presence of the Buddha B. Hindu teachings C. the political authority of Ashoka D. Islamic presence in India E. none of the above Answer: A Page ref: 248 9. Buddhism emerged as a political force in India under __________ reign.

A. Valmiki’s B. Bharatha’s C. Ashoka’s D. Maurya’s E. Shah Jahan’s Answer: C Page ref: 246 10. The __________ is(are) tales of the lives and incarnations of the Buddha.

A. yakshis B. Pancatantra C. Mahabharata D. Surasun-daris E. Jakata Answer: E Page ref: 252 11. __________ is perhaps the most famous of Hindu icons and has strict rules that govern its production, making it one of the most consist images produced in Hindu art.

A. Standing Buddha B. Bodhisattva Padmapani C. Ganesha D. Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance) E. Mahadeo Temple, Khajuraho Answer: D Page ref: 255 12. Mahavira was the founder of __________.

A. Islam B. Jainism C. Buddhism D. Hinduism E. Confucianism Answer: B Page ref: 246

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13. In transcribing the music of __________, the Julliard School of Music alumnus Philip Glass was so impressed by the background drone chord of the raga that he traveled to India many times to study.

A. Bhajan Sopori B. Chatur Lal C. Anindo Chaterjee D. Ravi Shankar E. Allaudin Khan Answer: D Page ref: 256 14. In Hinduism, __________ is the most popular of the three gods.

A. Shiva B. Brahma C. Vishnu D. Kali E. Parvati Answer: C Page ref: 243 15. When Aryan tribes from the Russian steppes and Central Asia settled in northern India around 1500 B.C.E. they brought the __________ religion with them.

A. Islamic B. Jain C. Hindu D. Buddhist E. Christian Answer: C Page ref: 243

True/False 16. The term samsara refers to the concept of reincarnation in both the Hindu and Buddhist religions.

Answer: T Page ref: 244 17. The Taj Mahal (fig. 7.9) is a temple.

Answer: F Page ref: 254 18. The urna is the cranial protuberance signifying symbolic omniscient power.

Answer: F Page ref: 251 19. Sanskrit is a kind of Hindu temple.

Answer: F Page ref: 243 20. The sitar is the primary instrument, apart from the human voice itself, used in Indian music.

Answer: T Page ref: 256 21. Bodhisattvas are beings who have attained enlightenment, but choose to remain on earth to help others on their path to enlightenment.

Answer: T

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Page ref: 251 22. Lakshmi is the consort of the Hindu god Vishnu.

Answer: T Page ref: 243 23. The Mahabharata is an Indian epic that relates to Buddhism.

Answer: F Page ref: 245 24. Bhakti is Hindu devotional religious poetry.

Answer: T Page ref: 255 25. There are “Four Noble Truths” and an “Eightfold Path” in Buddhism.

Answer: T Page ref: 247

Short Answer 36. Outline the Hindu caste system.

37. How do The Upanishads illustrate the Hindu concepts of maya (illusion) and karma (action)?

Provide an example from the text that demonstrates one of these concepts.

38. What are the tenets of Jainism?

39. What are the “Four Noble Truths” and the “Eightfold Path” of Buddhism?

40. How do Hinduism and Islam contrast?

41. Describe the cire perdue (“lost wax”) process of casting and give an example of its use.

42. Concisely explore how the form of the Taj Mahal (fig. 7.10) reflects the Islamic principles of the Mughal monarchy.

43. List at least two instruments used and describe how they contribute to the essential aspects of Indian music.

44. Outline the effect the Bhagavad Gita had on at least two literary, religious, or political figures of the nineteenth or twentieth-centuries.

45. What are the Vedas and how were they used?

Essay 46. Choose at three art works and at two literary texts from the following list of manuscripts: the Ramayana, Mahabharata, the Jakata Tales, or the Pancatantra, to explore the links between written and visual materials.

47. Explain how the city of Mohenjo-Daro and the Indus Valley seals (fig. 7.1) suggest that the early people of India, known as the Dasas, were a sophisticated culture.

48. Compare and contrast Indian art that reflects Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic religions.

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Chapter 8: Early Chinese Civilization Multiple Choice 1. The purpose of the army of terra cotta figures found buried in the mausoleum of the first Qin emperor was to __________.

A. march ceremoniously B. scare off grave robbers C. pay tribute to the emperor D. prevent evil spirits from taking the emperor’s soul E. serve the ruler in the afterlife Answer: E Page ref: 279 2. __________ was the founder of Taoism.

A. Lipo B. Laozi C. Confucius D. Buddha E. Mahavira Answer: B Page ref: 277 3. At __________ archaeologists have found rich burial sites, but no city walls or dwellings which has led them to believe that this site may have been a royal burial site for another city.

A. Beijing B. Sufutun C. Anyang D. Ningbo E. Guanzhou Answer: C Page ref: 274 4. The __________ dynasty unified China for the first time.

A. Zhou B. Qin C. Tang D. Han E. Shang Answer: B Page ref: 279 5. Confucius’s sayings were collected in the fifth century in a volume called __________.

A. Taodejing B. The Tale of Genji C. The Analects D. The Book of Songs E. The I Ching Answer: C Page ref: 275 6. The yin and yang represent __________.

A. Confucius and Laozi B. harmonious integration C. bronze and jade D. both A and C

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E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 278 7. __________ refers to the Confucian teaching of virtue.

A. Li B. Jen C. Te D. Wen E. Yi Answer: C Page ref: 276 8. During the Song dynasty, China saw within its borders the invention of __________.

A. the steam engine and the thermometer B. paper currency and gunpowder C. movable type and bamboo D. embroidery and social etiquette E. lace-making Answer: B Page ref: 280 9. Confucius considered the arts a(n) __________.

A. distraction in his quest for order and harmony B. a social obligation C. dangerous pastime that stirred the people to rebellion D. means to an eternal reward after death E. form of moral education Answer: E Page ref: 276 10. The earliest of the Chinese eras for which archaeological evidence has been found is that of the __________ dynasty.

A. Tang B. Song C. Qin D. Han E. Shang Answer: E Page ref: 274 11. Taoist architecture employs __________.

A. intricate designs B. wood in its natural state C. lacquered wood D. ceremonial details E. cloisonné Answer: B Page ref: 277 12. __________ is(are) the earliest known Chinese literature.

A. Prose tales B. Epic poetry C. Lyric poetry D. Novellas E. Sagas Answer: C

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Page ref: 278 13. The most numerous and important Shang artifacts are made of __________.

A. wood B. gold C. bronze D. jade E. silver Answer: C Page ref: 275 14. Li Song’s The Red Cliff (fig. 8.10) visualizes the prose poetry of __________, “in which feelings of unity with nature can dispel human unhappiness.”

A. Shen Zhou B. Su Shi C. Li Bai D. Wang-Wei E. Du Fu Answer: B Page ref: 284 15. According to Confucius, the ideal relationship that should exist between people is __________.

A. li B. jen C. te D. wen E. yi Answer: B Page ref: 276 16. Li Bai and Du Fu were two of the great practitioners of __________.

A. shih B. Indian monumental sculpture C. terra cotta figure making D. music honoring Chinese ancestors E. puppetry Answer: A Page ref: 280 17. __________ painted Seeking the Tao in the Autumn Mountains (fig. 8.8).

A. Guo Xi B. Zhu Jan C. Liang Kai D. Takayoshi E. Shen Zhou Answer: B Page ref: 283 18. Confucius, who lived in a period of political chaos and moral confusion, emphasized the __________.

A. importance of traditional values B. benefits of anarchy C. disadvantages of social cohesion D. need for people to speak their minds E. art of ritual purification Answer: A

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Page ref: 275 19. Song dynasty ceramics were often glazed with various shades of __________.

A. blue B. yellow C. green D. orange E. red Answer: C Page ref: 284-6 20. A mark of the immense wealth of the Zhou rulers were __________ discovered in the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zheng (fig. 8.2).

A. monumental carillon, consisting of sixty-five bronze bells B. scarabs C. golden masks D. dolls made of brass E. both A and B Answer: A Page ref: 276

True/False 21. The concept of yin and yang are visually represented as a diamond within a square.

Answer: F Page ref: 278 22. The Shang dynasty spanned from about 2000 B.C.E. until the eleventh century B.C.E. Answer: T Page ref: 274 23. The sayings of Confucius were collected in a text called the Pancatantra.

Answer: F Page ref: 275 24. There are seven sages of the bamboo grove in the Six dynasties tradition.

Answer: T Page ref: 282 25. Marco Polo was a German Jesuit who traveled to China.

Answer: F Page ref: 285 26. During the time of Confucius and Laozi music was classified by its social functions.

Answer: T Page ref: 278 27. The Qin dynasty from which China gets its name was extremely long-lasting.

Answer: F Page ref: 278 28. There are five qualities valued in Confucian teachings: li, jen, te, wen and yi.

Answer: T Page ref: 276 29. Neo-Confucianism, which developed during the Song dynasty, fused Taoism and Buddhism into

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one system.

Answer: T Page ref: 283

Short Answer 30. What is a fang ding and when was it used?

31. List the four qualities valued in Confucian teaching.

32. What view did Confucius hold of music?

33. Why is Taoism often considered a philosophy rather than a religion?

34. What is the goal of Taoism?

35. What do the yin and yang represent?

36. Compare the poetry of Du Fu with that of Li Bai. 37. Which two conditions necessary for artistic development did the rule of the Song emperors create?

38. Outline scholars’ views on Marco Polo’s text Travels. Which perspective is most convincing and why?

39. What is Neo-Confucianism?

Essay 40. How does Confucianism compare to other religions? Be sure to treat at least three works and two religious traditions in addition to Confucianism.

41. How are the principles of Taoism expressed in early Chinese art?

42. Explore how the Shang’s art reflects the power of the god-king rulers.

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Chapter 9: Early Japanese Civilization Multiple Choice 1. A model of the warrior culture of Japan in the Kamakura period is __________.

A. Shokintei B. illustration of The Tale of Genji C. Minamoto no Yoritomo D. Noh Mask: Ko-omote E. all of the above Answer: C Page ref: 304 2. Horyu-ji (fig. 9.3) is a(the) __________.

A. tea ceremony B. achievement of enlightenment C. narrative handscroll D. oldest wooden temple in the world E. form of Japanese music Answer: D Page ref: 300 3. __________ is considered the first important novel in world literature.

A. The Analects B. Nihongi C. The Book of Songs D. Early Spring E. The Tale of Genji Answer: E Page ref: 302 4. Zen and Japanese Culture was written by __________.

A. Eugene Herrigel B. D.T. Suzuki C. Robert Pirsig D. Yoshida Kenko E. Lady Murasaki Answer: B Page ref: 309 5. One aspect of Zen thought is that by drinking tea in a small hut, with only a few companions, an individual could experience __________ or “lonely seclusion.”

A. wabi B. wu-wei C. satori D. yin and yang E. shizen Answer: A Page ref: 305 6. __________ figures were placed around graves, perhaps to help earth stay in place.

A. Ushabti B. Articulated doll C. Haniwa D. Keyhole E. both A and C

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Answer: C Page ref: 299 7. The earliest Japanese wooden sculpture and architecture, that of the Asuka period, is closely identified with __________.

A. Taoism B. Hinduism C. Buddhism D. Confucianism E. Islam Answer: C Page ref: 300 8. The oldest volume of Japanese history is __________.

A. The Tale of Genji B. Nihongi C. waka D. renga E. Kojiki Answer: E Page ref: 302 9. The __________ people are known for their “cord patterned” decoration.

A. Jomon B. Nara C. Kamakura D. Muromachi E. Momoyama Answer: A Page ref: 299

True/False 10. Noh plays combine chant, mime, and dance and are traditionally performed in sets of five plays, one each for a god, warrior, woman, and demon with an additional contemporary of miscellaneous play.

Answer: T Page ref: 303 11. The Tale of Genji is attributed to Tori Busshi.

Answer: F Page ref: 302 12. The Kamakura period ended in civil war in 1333 C.E. Answer: T Page ref: 305 13. The gods of the Shinto religion are called kami.

Answer: T Page ref: 300 14. Emaki-mano refers to the rituals of the Japanese tea ceremony.

Answer: F Page ref: 302 15. Wabi or “lonely seclusion” is associated with Taoism.

Answer: F

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Page ref: 305 16. In Pure Land Buddhism the devotee must walk around in circles as a method for obtaining enlightenment.

Answer: F Page ref: 303 17. Jomon means “cord patterned” and refers to the earliest of Japanese cultures.

Answer: T Page ref: 299 18. The waka is a form of poetry with syllables of 5-7-5-7-7 and often treats romantic love.

Answer: T Page ref: 302

Short Answer 19. Describe how Buddhism and Shintoism converged by the ninth-century in Japan.

20. List the tenets of Zen Buddhism and provide an example from art or literature.

21. What is the Tale of Genji and how does it reflect life at the Heian court?

22. Describe the Noh theatre.

23. What is Pure Land Buddhism?

24. Describe the elements of the rise of warrior culture during the Kamakura and Ashikaga periods.

25. What is the object in sumo wrestling and what are some of the rituals involved in this sport?

26. Why do you think Zen appeals to western audiences?

27. What is a haniwa and what was the possible use of such a figure?

28. To what does the term “jomon” refer and what is an example of its use?

Essay 29. Examine the influence of China on Japanese culture. What is unique about the adaptation of religious, political, and social elements into specific art objects.

30. Explore the role of women in the production of culture during the Heian era. Treat both literary and visual works in your analysis.

31. Zen Buddhism rose quickly into a pervasive element of Japanese culture. How does the tea ceremony reflect Zen principles?

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Chapter 10: Early Civilizations of the Americas and Africa Multiple Choice 1. The statue of Coatlicue (fig. 10.7) is from the __________ civilization.

A. Incan B. Aztec C. Mayan D. Olmec E. Moche Answer: B Page ref: 328 2. The works of the __________ culture is among the earliest Mesoamerican art that has been found.

A. Aztecs B. Olmecs C. Toltecs D. Zapotecs E. Mixtecs Answer: B Page ref: 321 3. The Great Serpent Mound (fig. 10.15) in Adams County, Ohio, was built by the __________ people.

A. Aztec B. Adena C. Mayan D. Moche E. Northwest Coast Answer: B Page ref: 335 4. The central activity of the Aztec state was __________.

A. war B. agriculture C. developing overseas markets D. religious indoctrination E. forming political alliances Answer: A Page ref: 326 5. The people of Teotihuacán are best known for their __________.

A. ceramics B. pyramids C. stone carvings D. murals E. temples Answer: B Page ref: 322 6. In Teotihuacáan, Mexico, the __________ links the underworld to the heavens, the forces of life and death.

A. Pyramid of the Sun B. central courtyard

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C. Temple of Quetzalcoatl D. Avenue of the Dead E. workshops Answer: A Page ref: 322 7. Tikal is one of the most important sites of classic __________ culture.

A. Incan B. Aztec C. Mayan D. Olmec E. Moche Answer: C Page ref: 324 8. The Mayan culture appears to have lasted from about __________.

A. 1300 B.C.E. to 600 B.C.E. B. 250 B.C.E. to 900 C.E. C. 100 to 800 C.E. D. 900 to 1200 C.E. E. 800 B.C.E to 550 B.C.E. Answer: B Page ref: 324 9. The __________ are the Christian catechetical schools of Alexandria, Egypt.

A. Orisa B. Chushitic C. Batwa D. t’eff E. Didascalia Answer: E Page ref: 339 10. __________ are the two calendars used by the Maya.

A. Hunting and farming B. Hunting and ritual C. Seasonal and astronomical D. Farming and sacred E. Day and night Answer: D Page ref: 324 11. Ancient Olmec art is associated with __________.

A. pyramids B. vase painting C. stone carving D. temples E. bronze casting Answer: C Page ref: 321 12. A __________ is an elaborate ceremony hosted by the chief in Northwest Coast groups of North America.

A. kiva B. potlatch C. geoglyph D. “flower song”

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E. Bahlum Answer: B Page ref: 333 13. The Head of an Iyoba (fig. 10.19) represents a king of the people of __________.

A. Mexico B. Ethiopia C. Peru D. Zimbabwe E. Benin Answer: E Page ref: 341 14. Ancient inhabitants of the Southwest region of North America were called the __________.

A. Aztec B. Nazca C. Buffalo hunters D. Toltec E. Anasazi Answer: E Page ref: 333 15. The __________ culture called their empire Tawantinsuyu or “Land of Four Quarters.”

A. Nazca B. Incan C. Aztec D. Mayan E. Baule Answer: B Page ref: 330 16. __________ is(are) the most frequently cited aspect of Aztec culture.

A. Totem poles B. Geoglyphs C. Human sacrifice D. Temple-pyramids E. Tombs Answer: C Page ref: 326 17. __________ was the most devastating change as far as the buffalo were concerned.

A. The coming of the Europeans B. A great earthquake between 650 and 700 C.E. C. The tribal hunters who migrated from Asia D. Climate change E. A massive flood of the Plains region Answer: A Page ref: 335 18. The archaeologist Alberto Ruz discovered the __________.

A. temple architecture of Tikal B. tomb of Pacal C. pyramids of Teotihuacán D. stone carvings of the Olmecs E. capital city of the Aztecs, Tenochtitlan Answer: B Page ref: 325

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19. __________ lived around great huacas.

A. Moche B. Inca C. Nazca D. Aztec E. Chavin Answer: A Page ref: 329 20. The greatest Aztec families claimed descent from the __________.

A. Olmecs B. Mayans C. Toltecs D. Nazcas E. Bahlum Answer: C Page ref: 325 21. The Ice Age tribal hunters who migrated into the Americas came from __________.

A. Asia B. Africa C. Europe D. Greenland E. Anarctica Answer: A Page ref: 320 22. The __________ record(s) the history of the Palenque kings.

A. Tikal temple-pyramids B. Peruvian huacas C. Pyramid of the Sun D. Temple of Quetzalcoatl E. Temple of Inscriptions Answer: E Page ref: 326 23. __________ is associated with the Incan culture.

A. Mesa Verde B. Temple of Inscriptions C. Great Serpent Mound D. Machu Picchu E. The Cahokia site Answer: D Page ref: 331 24. The Wacah Chan is(are) __________.

A. giant temple-pyramids used for religious rituals B. a calendar used by the Mayan culture C. a type of nut D. a town located high in the Andes mountains E. a great tree in the Mayan universe Answer: E Page ref: 324 25. The __________ culture is linked to temple-pyramids.

A. Chavin

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B. Aztec C. Toltec D. Inca E. Mayan Answer: E Page ref: 325

True/False 26. The Phoenician settlement at Carthage fused with the Berber-speaking populations of North and northeastern Africa to create a culture called the Punic.

Answer: T Page ref: 339 27. The Popol Vuh is an epic narrative created by the Mayans.

Answer: T Page ref: 324 28. Teotihuacán is Mesoamerican site in Mexico.

Answer: T Page ref: 321 29. The buffalo was a staple in the life of the Moundbuilders throughout Mississippi and Ohio River basins.

Answer: F Page ref: 335 30. The Inca are a people of ancient Africa.

Answer: F Page ref: 330 31. The earliest of the Mesoamerican cultures is the Olmec who inhabited the southern coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

Answer: T Page ref: 321 32. Swahili translates as “people of the plains.”

Answer: F Page ref: 341 33. Nahuatl was the primary Moche language of Peru.

Answer: F Page ref: 327 34. Machu Picchu (fig. 10.11) was abandoned after the arrival of Francisco Pizarro and the Spanish conquistadores.

Answer: T Page ref: 331 35. The totem pole is typical of the people of the Northwest Coast.

Answer: T Page ref: 333

Short Answer 36. List the ancient Mesoamerican cultures and state where each was prominent.

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37. What are the shared features of Mesoamerican civilizations?

38. For the Maya, what were the three layers of the universe?

39. Examine the role of chocolate in Mesoamerican and European cultures.

40. What is a potlatch and which people celebrated it?

41. What is a typical form of religious structure among the Native Americans of the Southwest?

42. Who were the Moundbuilders of North America, and where is the largest site associated with them located?

43. What are the innovations of the early peoples of Africa?

44. What is pantheism and what is an example of it in art or literature?

45. Describe aspects of Christianity that existed in North and Northeastern Africa before 1800.

Essay 46. Explain the religious and cultural aspects that have survived in Latin American art and literature from antiquity to now.

47. Explore—through an analysis of at least three works—the impact of conquest and of colonization on the Americas and Africa.

48. Compare how the physical environments of the Americas and of Africa affected the art that was created by examining the works of at least three cultural groups of these regions of the world.

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Chapter 11: Early Middle Ages and the Romanesque Multiple Choice 1. Marie de France best known for her __________.

A. lais B. romance C. poems D. medieval dramas E. mystery plays Answer: A Page ref: 370 2. The __________ are not an Anglo-Saxon tribe.

A. Angles B. Jutes C. Saxons D. Celts E. all of the above Answer: D Page ref: 357 3. The earliest monastic guidelines were provided by __________.

A. St. Augustine B. St. Francis of Assisi C. St. Thomas Aquinas D. St. Benedict E. Hildegard of Bingen Answer: D Page ref: 359 4. __________ contains the texts of the four gospels in Latin.

A. Book of Kells B. Caedmon’s Hymn C. Song of Roland D. Ecclesiastical History of the English People E. Winchester Psalter Answer: A Page ref: 357 5. To __________ was the chief purpose of a pilgrimage.

A. play the games of childhood B. allow for religious expression C. help the sick and the destitute D. allow people to join a community of believers E. worship relics of the saints Answer: E Page ref: 364 6. A(n) __________ contains the items for veneration that pilgrims came to view.

A. cathedral B. reliquary C. baptistery D. campanile E. ambulatory

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Answer: B Page ref: 368 7. __________ is the oldest extant Old English poem.

A. Caedmon’s Hymn B. The Book of Kells C. Beowulf D. Song of Roland E. Canterbury Tales Answer: A Page ref: 358 8. __________ is the pilgrimage church that offers a solution to the problem of obtaining direct light in the nave.

A. Saint-Martin, Tours B. Saint-Martial, Limoges C. Sainte-Madeleine, Vézelay D. Saint-Sernin, Toulouse E. Pisa Baptistery Answer: C Page ref: 365 9. A characteristic form of painting, some of the only ones to survive in good condition from the Early Medieval era, are called __________.

A. copes B. madrigals C. chasubles D. illuminated manuscripts E. cabochons Answer: D Page ref: 357 10. That __________ was the basic ideal of a medieval monastery.

A. the monastery should be self-sufficient B. the monastery was a place for prayer, not for living C. the monastery was suited to the needs of the congregation, not the monks D. every monastery should be exactly the same E. buildings should be lavish and proclaim the wealth of the monastic order Answer: A Page ref: 359 11. The tympanum at Vezelay (fig. 11.13) portrays the __________.

A. Birth of Jesus B. Last Judgment C. Mission of the Apostles D. Apocalypse E. Acts of the Saints Answer: C Page ref: 367 12. The greatest of the Anglo-Saxon Germanic epics is __________.

A. Caedmon’s Hymn B. The Book of Kells C. Beowulf D. Song of Roland E. Lindisfarne Gospels Answer: C

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Page ref: 357 13. __________ is the architectural style of all five of the great pilgrimage churches.

A. Gothic B. Classical C. Byzantine D. Romanesque E. Carolingian Answer: D Page ref: 364 d, page 377 14. The literary work __________ exemplifies the values of French feudal society.

A. The Lindisfarne Gospels B. The Book of Kells C. Beowulf D. The Song of Roland E. I Love the Glad Time of Easter Answer: D Page ref: 358 15. A(n) __________ topped the cathedral in Pisa from 1100 until 1828.

A. statue of St. Peter B. statue of Pope Leo III C. bust of St. Thomas Aquinas D. Islamic bronze griffin E. representation of the Star of Bethlehem Answer: D Page ref: 367 16. The __________, which King John was forced to sign by barons outraged at the cost of his campaigns against France, was among the first documents to set limits on royal authority.

A. Barons’ Code B. Magna Carta C. Knights’ List D. John’s Law E. both A and C Answer: B Page ref: 363 17. The “Leaning Tower of Pisa” is a __________.

A. cathedral B. tympanum C. baptistery D. campanile E. aquamanile Answer: D Page ref: 366 18. The Norman conquest of England is chronicled in the __________.

A. Song of Roland B. Bayeux Tapestry C. Treaty of Verdun D. Gospel Book of Charlemagne E. Edict of Milan Answer: B Page ref: 362

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19. The art of __________ is viewed as demonstrating the turning point from the Romanesque into the Gothic.

A. Gislebertus B. Bernart de Ventadorn C. Andreas Cappelanus D. Odo of Metz E. Nicholas of Verdun Answer: E Page ref: 368 20. A Purse Cover (fig. 11.1) discovered in the burial ship found at Sutton Hoo is decorated in the __________ style.

A. animal B. Rayonnant Gothic C. Flamboyant Gothic D. International E. abstract Answer: A Page ref: 357 21. __________ composed The Symphony of the Harmony of Celestial Revelations.

A. Bernart de Ventadorn B. Chrétien de Troyes C. Marie de France D. Hildegard of Bingen E. Cappelanus Answer: D Page ref: 371 22. An early version of feudalism was instituted by __________.

A. St. Benedict B. King Philip Augustus C. King John D. Richard the Lionheart E. Charlemagne Answer: E Page ref: 358 23. __________ wrote the Chevalier de la Charette, a romance narrative.

A. Chrétien de Troyes B. Arnaut Daniel C. Beatrice, Countess of Dia D. Bernart de Ventadorn E. Hildegard of Bingen Answer: A Page ref: 371 24. The monks from Rome brought the _________ tradition of Church music to other Christian areas.

A. Neumes B. Gregorian Chant C. Cabochon D. Mandorla E. both C and D

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Answer: B Page ref: 361 25. The __________ is an illuminated manuscript from Ireland that dates to c. 800 C.E. A. Book of Kells B. Gospel book of Charlemagne C. Lindisfarne Gospels D. Lindau Gospels E. Ebbo Gospels Answer: A Page ref: 357

True/False 26. Hildegard of Bingen was the head of a German convent attached to the Benedictine monastery outside Bingen, near present-day Frankfurt.

Answer: T Page ref: 371 27. The troubadours were poet-musicians who spread the chivalric code in the area of Sweden during the Romanesque period.

Answer: F Page ref: 369 28. The Norman Conquest refers to the British defeat of the Germans in 1066 C.E. Answer: F Page ref: 362 29. The items venerated by pilgrims were placed in containers called reliquaries.

Answer: T Page ref: 368 30. The Song of Roland is a chanson de geste dating to the mid eleventh- century.

Answer: T Page ref: 358 31. Latin liturgical texts sung to a single melody line without instrumental accompaniment is called monophony.

Answer: T Page ref: 361 32. A folio is a page of an illuminated manuscript.

Answer: T Page ref: 357 33. The lais (lays) are narratives that recount one or more miraculous or marvelous incidents and adventures concerning romantic love.

Answer: T Page ref: 370 34. In a monastery the refectory is a space open to the sky that usually contains a source of water or a well in the center.

Answer: F Page ref: 359

Short Answer 52

35. The collision of which two cultural forces characterize the beginning of the Early Middle Ages?

36. What characterizes the “animal style” and what is a good visual example of this?

37. Describe the process of creating an illuminated manuscript.

38. Outline the plot and themes of the Germanic tale of Beowulf.

39. Discuss the elements of feudalism.

40. How did the guilds and their participation in mystery plays establish order in the burgeoning cities of the Middle Ages?

41. Outline the features of a Romanesque church and give an example of one.

42. Define the chivalric tradition and list at least five of its features as expressed in Andreas Cappelanus’ The Art of Courtly Love.

43. Describe the features of the Romanesque church portal.

44. List the roles of women in the Middle Ages. Is there a difference that depends on class status?

Essay 45. Trace how Romanesque churches were shaped by cultural and geographic elements as well as religious stipulations.

46. Explain how the Early Middle Ages “were a period of tremendous cultural accomplishments” rather than a “Dark Age” as it had been described for some time.

47. Examine the role of monasticism, pilgrimage, and the crusades in the development of art from the Early Middle Ages through the Romanesque.

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Chapter 12: Gothic and Late Middle Ages Multiple Choice 1. The Gothic style first developed around __________.

A. 1080 B. 1140 C. 1420 D. 1272 E. 1055 Answer: B Page ref: 385 2. Duccio is to Siena as Giotto is to __________.

A. Pisa B. Milan C. Ghent D. Paris E. Padua Answer: E Page ref: 407 3. The Cathedral of Notre-Dame (figs. 12.3 and 12.4) in Paris is an example of the __________.

A. Early Gothic B. High Gothic C. Rayonnant Gothic D. Flamboyant Gothic E. Late Romanesque Answer: A Page ref: 387 4. The__________ was the most celebrated literary work of the Middle Ages.

A. Decameron B. Divine Comedy C. Canterbury Tales D. Book of the City of Ladies E. The Book of Feat of Arms and Chivalry Answer: B Page ref: 402 5. The Gothic style began __________.

A. at Notre-Dame, Paris B. the royal abbey of Saint-Denis, located just north of Paris C. Westminster Abbey, London D. Florence Cathedral, Florence E. in England at Sutton Hoo Answer: B Page ref: 386 6. The number __________ assumed special importance for the builders at Chartres.

A. one B. four C. five D. six E. three Answer: E

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Page ref: 388 7. The Notre-Dame, Chartres (fig. 12.5) was dedicated to __________.

A. Benedictine monks B. St. Thomas Aquinas C. the Virgin Mary D. Pope Leo III E. Louis IX Answer: C Page ref: 388 8. Dante’s Paradiso is based on __________.

A. his notions of purgatory B. the betrayal of God by Satan C. the seven planets of medieval astronomy D. the theology of Thomas Aquinas E. his investigations of alchemy Answer: C Page ref: 404 9. __________ cathedral is the first masterpiece of the High Gothic.

A. Notre-Dame, Chartres B. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris C. Saint-Maclou, Rouen D. Notre-Dame, Paris E. Notre-Dame, Amiens Answer: A Page ref: 387-8 10. The Unicorn in Captivity (fig. 12.19), from the Unicorn Tapestries, is characterized by __________.

A. unique use of light B. controversial use of gargoyles C. focus on how the lower classes lived D. dense background of plants E. a monochromatic palette Answer: D Page ref: 397-9 11. __________ is an example of the Flamboyant Gothic style.

A. Notre-Dame, Reims B. Notre-Dame, Chartres C. Saint-Maclou, Rouen D. Sainte-Chapelle, Paris E. Royal Abbey, Saint Denis Answer: C Page ref: 391 12. Early Gothic is represented by __________.

A. Chapel of Henry VII B. Florence Cathedral C. Salisbury Cathedral D. Notre-Dame, Paris E. Wells Cathedral Answer: D Page ref: 387

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13. The Hundred Years’ War involved __________.

A. Italy and Germany B. England and Flanders C. France and Italy D. Greece and Spain E. France and England Answer: E Page ref: 406 14. The Annunciation and Visitation (fig. 12.14) sculptures on the west façade of Reims Cathedral are of the __________ style.

A. Early Gothic B. High Gothic C. Rayonnant Gothic D. Flamboyant Gothic E. International Answer: B Page ref: 394-5 15. The Notre Dame, Paris (figs. 12.3 and 12.4) is a famous devotional image of __________.

A. Jesus B. the Virgin Mary C. the apostles D. John the Baptist E. the patriarchs Answer: B Page ref: 387 16. The Limbourg Brothers’ Les Très Riches Heures of the duke of Berry (fig. 12.17) is an example of the __________ style.

A. animal B. marginalia C. Flamboyant Gothic D. Rayonnant Gothic E. International Answer: E Page ref: 396 17. Sainte-Chapelle (fig. 12.8) in Paris is in the __________ style.

A. Early Gothic B. High Gothic C. Rayonnant Gothic D. Flamboyant Gothic E. Perpendicular Gothic Answer: C Page ref: 389 18. According to religious interpretation, the unicorn in the Unicorn Tapestries represent __________.

A. Jesus as a child B. the Virgin Mary C. Jesus at the Resurrection D. the Holy Spirit E. the Genesis story Answer: C

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Page ref: 397 19. Giovanni Pisano is known primarily as a __________.

A. poet B. muralist C. sculptor D. theologian E. politiciam Answer: C Page ref: 407 20. The first building on the site where the Louvre now stands was a(n) __________.

A. prison B. royal residence C. fortress with a keep, surrounded by a moat D. Institute for Advanced Studies E. zoo Answer: C Page ref: 385 21. In Dante’s Inferno, the most grievous and heinous of sinners are punished more severely than those who committed less odious crimes in life. In this regard, Dante’s poem is indebted to the theology of __________.

A. St. Augustine B. St. Benedict C. St. Francis of Assisi D. St. Thomas Aquinas E. Thomas Beckett Answer: D Page ref: 402-404 22. I.M. Pei designed a(n) __________ to serve as the Louvre’s new entrance in 1988.

A. sundial B. glass pyramid C. cromlech D. fan vaulting E. dromos Answer: B Page ref: 385 23. The city of __________ dominated the later Middle Ages.

A. Rome B. Ghent C. Athens D. London E. Paris Answer: E Page ref: 384 24. __________ wrote The Canterbury Tales.

A. Christine de Pizan B. Chaucer C. Perotin D. Guillaume de Machaut E. Nicola Pisano Answer: B

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Page ref: 409 25. __________ combined Aristotelian philosophy and Catholic religious thought.

A. St. Benedict B. St. Augustine C. St. Thomas Aquinas D. St. Francis of Assisi E. St. Ignatius Loyola Answer: C Page ref: 401

True/False 26. Sainte-Chapelle (fig. 12.8) uses the Rayonnant style of Gothic.

Answer: T Page ref: 389 27. Les Trés Riches Heures of the duke of Berry (fig. 12.17) was created by Duccio.

Answer: F Page ref: 396 28. Geoffrey Chaucer is the author of a set of tales in the vernacular called the Canterbury Tales.

Answer: T Page ref: 409 29. The three elements that define Gothic architecture are: pointed arches and vaults, ribs, and flying buttresses.

Answer: T Page ref: 386 30. Dante wrote the Magna Carta.

Answer: F Page ref: 402 31. “Giotto’s Tower” is the name given to the campanile of the cathedral of the city of Pisa.

Answer: F Page ref: 393 32. Léonin was an important composer of chant in the twelfth century.

Answer: T Page ref: 405 33. In secular interpretations of The Unicorn in Captivity (fig. 12.19), it is said that the unicorn symbolizes the lover.

Answer: T Page ref: 398 34. The cantus firmus in Medieval music was the “main melody” that was the basis for organum.

Answer: T Page ref: 405

Short Answer 35. List the principal features of a Gothic church.

36. How does the Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres (fig. 12.5) relate to numerology?

37. What is the Rayonnant style, and which church epitomizes this style?

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38. Provide an example of typical English Gothic style and explain what is characteristic in this region.

39. Trace the development of the treatment of the human figure from the early to the late Gothic period.

40. What characterizes the International Style of manuscript illumination?

41. Describe the process of creating a tapestry in the Gothic era.

42. What disciplines made up each part of the trivium and quadrivium components of the Medieval university curriculum in the “liberal arts”?

43. Outline the features, plot, and themes of Dante’s Divine Comedy.

44. Discuss the effects of “The Black Death” and “The Hundred Years’ War” on Medieval societies.

Essay 45. Examine the role of symbolism in Medieval art; be sure to examine several works in different media.

46. Discuss the rise of secularism in Late Medieval painting, literature, and music.

47. Select an architectural sculpture, painting, piece of literature, and music to explore the beginning the humanism that would mark the Renaissance period that followed the Gothic.

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Test Item File for ARTS AND CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMANITIES Volume 2 by Janetta Rebold Benton and Robert DiYanni

1

Chapter 13: The Renaissance and Mannerism in Italy Multiple Choice 1. The composer __________ is most closely associated with the “new Rome” of the High Renaissance.

A. Guillaume Dufay B. Antonio da Cividale C. Josquin des Prẻs D. Antonius Romanus E. Leonel Power Answer: C Page ref: 29 2. __________ was the first great figure of Italian Renaissance letters.

A. Dante Alighieri B. Petrarch C. Niccolò Macchiavelli D. Baldassare Castiglione E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 18 3. __________ founded the Platonic Academy of Philosophy in Florence.

A. Pico della Mirandola B. Lorenzo the Magnificent C. Savonarola D. Marsilio Ficino E. Cosimo de’ Medici Answer: E Page ref: 5 4. The famous text The Prince by __________ encapsulates the view that humankind is “basically selfish, deceitful, greedy, and gullible” and, thus, he advocates that rulers should use this fact to their advantage.

A. Baldassare Castiglione B. Niccolò Machiavelli C. Marsilio Ficino D. Pico della Mirandola E. Francois Villon Answer: B Page ref: 30 5. In 1401, Leonardo Bruni sponsored a competition to determine who would make the doors of Florence Cathedral’s baptistery which __________ won.

A. Donatello B. Sandro Botticelli C. Filippo Brunelleschi D. Leon Battista Alberti E. Lorenzo Ghiberti Answer: E Page ref: 11 6. Which of the following does not characterize Renaissance art and culture?

A. Naturalism of the arts

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B. Interest in classical values C. Frivolous subject matter D. Rise of humanism E. Linear perspective Answer: C Page ref: 5 7. Donatello created all of the following sculptures except __________.

A. David B. The Creation of Adam C. Mary Magdalene D. Feast of Herod E. both A and D Answer: B Page ref: 23 8. Many consider __________ to be the greatest architect of the Early Renaissance in Italy.

A. Donato Bramante B. Michelozzo di Bartolommeo C. Filippo Brunelleschi D. Leon Battista Alberti E. Carlo Maderno Answer: C Page ref: 8 9. The composer __________ significantly shaped Early Renaissance music.

A. Guillaume Dufay B. Gilles Birchois C. Alexander Agricola D. Nicolas Gombert E. Adrian Willaert Answer: A Page ref: 15-17 10. __________ was the first architect to detail the principles of linear perspective in his treatise De pictura.

A. Antonio da Sangallo B. Donato Bramante C. Leon Battista Alberti D. Michelozzo di Bartolommeo E. Filippo Brunelleschi Answer: C Page ref: 9 11. __________ is(are) unattainable in Petrarch’s sonnets.

A. God B. The self C. Laura D. His parents E. Salvation Answer: C Page ref: 18 12. __________ painted a number of frescoes in the monastery of San Marco, Florence, including an Annunciation (fig. 13.12).

A. Leonardo da Vinci B. Sandro Botticelli

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C. Piero della Francesca D. Masaccio E. Fra Angelico Answer: E Page ref: 13-15 13. The major landmark of Florence, the __________, was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.

A. Ponte Vecchio bridge B. Loggia of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi C. Sistine Chapel D. Dome of the Florence Cathedral E. Tempietto Answer: D Page ref: 8 14. The city of __________ is celebrated in Vittore Carpaccio’s Lion of St. Mark (fig. 13.23).

A. Rome B. Paris C. Florence D. London E. Venice Answer: E Page ref: 27 15. A composer using an ascending line with soprano voices to express joy is making use of __________.

A. dissonance B. homophony C. word painting D. cantus firmus E. polyphony Answer: C Page ref: 16-17 16. __________ is known as the father of humanism.

A. Bocaccio B. Raphael C. Petrarch D. Lorenzo the Magnificent E. Cosimo de’ Medici Answer: C Page ref: 6 17. In the painting __________, beauty is caught between passion and reason.

A. Botticelli’s Birth of Venus B. Botticelli’s Primavera C. Fra Angelico’s Annunciation D. Masaccio’s The Tribute Money E. Piero della Francesca’s Battista Sforza Answer: A Page ref: 14 18. One of the first examples of what we call a “Renaissance” man was __________.

A. Raphael B. Leonardo da Vinci C. Michelangelo D. Dante Alighieri E. Francis I

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Answer: B Page ref: 19-21 19. The Saltcellar of Francis I (fig. 13.32) and the Perseus (fig. 13.33) reflect the Mannerist style of the artist __________.

A. Giambologna B. Pietro Francavilla C. Bartolommeo Bandinelli D. Benvenuto Cellini E. none of the above Answer: D Page ref: 35-36 20. __________ symbolizes the Republic of Florence itself, free from foreigners, papal domination, and Medici rule.

A. Donatello’s image of the Feast of Herod B. Michelangelo’s Pieta C. Brunelleschi’s dome of the Florence cathedral D. Ghiberti’s Gates of Paradise E. Michelangelo’s David Answer: E Page ref: 23 21. In Tintoretto’s version of The Last Supper (fig. 13.28) __________ helps draw our attention to Christ.

A. glaze B. geometry C. color D. light E. people pointing Answer: D Page ref: 33 22. The technique found in Lorenzo Ghiberti’s The Creation of Adam and Eve (fig. 13.6) in which events are presented simultaneously that took place sequentially is called __________.

A. verisimilitude B. vanishing point C. chiaroscuro D. continuous narration E. sfumato Answer: D Page ref: 11 23. __________ wrote the Book of the Courtier.

A. Petrarch B. Benvenuto Cellini C. Niccolò Macchiavelli D. Baldassare Castiglione E. Vittoria da Colonna Answer: D Page ref: 29 24. In The Last Supper (fig. 13.14), Leonardo da Vinci found __________ the most difficult to paint.

A. John and Peter B. Judas and Jesus C. the table

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D. the arrangement of the five segments E. the windows in the background Answer: B Page ref: 19 25. __________ grew up in Bologna, the child of an artist, and specialized in portraits, such as Portrait of a Noblewoman (fig. 13.31).

A. Sofonisba Anguissola B. Properzia de’ Rossi C. Lavinia Fontana D. Caterina dei Vigri E. Fede Galizia Answer: C Page ref: 34-35 26. __________ was a Neoplatonic philosopher who wrote Oration on the Dignity of Man. A. Savanarola B. Pico della Mirandola C. Marsilio Ficino D. Petrarch E. Francois Villon Answer: B Page ref: 8

True/False 27. A baptistery is a sacred structure used for celebrating the Eucharistic ceremony.

Answer: F Page ref: 11 28. Petrarch’s Canzoniere (Songbook) contains 366 poems: sonnets, ballads, sestinas, madrigals, and canzoni.

Answer: T Page ref: 18 29. Properzia de’ Rossi was from Cremona.

Answer: F Page ref: 24 30. Angnolo Bronzino’s Allegory with Venus and Cupid (fig. 13.2738) is typically Mannerist in its ambiguity and complexity.

Answer: T Page ref: 32 31. Wealthy Florentines of the Renaissance often hired architects to create fortress-like palaces that served as emblems of their power.

Answer: T Page ref: 10 32. The richness of Titian’s paintings can be attributed in some measure to his use of a red bolus underpainting instead of the more customary green-black.

Answer: T Page ref: 28-29 33. “Lorenzo the Magnificent” was a member of the Medici family of Florence.

Answer: T Page ref: 5

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34. Sfumato, which means “smoky,” is a technique developed by Tintoretto.

Answer: F Page ref: 20 35. Marsilio Ficino translated both Plato and Plotinus into Latin and wrote the Theologia Platonica.

Answer: T Page ref: 8

Short Answer 36. Define the word “renaissance” and explain why it has been applied to this period in Europe.

37. List some of the ways in which the Medici family “led Florence to its unrivaled position as the cultural center of Renaissance Europe in the fifteenth century.”

38. What is Neoplatonism and who are its two most significant figures?

39. Provide a detailed example of how “Renaissance architecture reflects a renewed interest in ancient Roman models for mathematically derived proportions as well as logic of construction.”

40. Define linear perspective and give an example of its use in one sculptural and one painted work.

41. How did Guillaume Dufay shape “the musical language of the Early Renaissance.”

42. List at least two poetic forms found in Petrarch’s Canzoniere and explain what theme these poems espouse that became dominant in Renaissance lyric poetry.

43. Summarize the program of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

44. Provide the names of three Renaissance women artists and the name of one work by one of these women.

45. What does Noccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince suggest about the political arena of Renaissance Italy?

Essay 46. Define humanism and analyze three works in different media that are paradigmatic of this concept.

47. Compare and contrast how the Renaissance revived the classical past by analyzing two works from each period.

48. Benton and DiYanni make an implicit link between the “tense and disturbing” aspects of Mannerist art and the political and religious unrest of the time in which Mannerism began. What works of art can one use to support this notion?

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Chapter 14: The Renaissance in Northern Europe Multiple Choice 1. Thomas Morley favored __________ in which a single melody is employed with harmonic support.

A. disputations B. homophonic texture C. motets D. oratorios E. sonnets Answer: B Page ref: 70-71 2. The central panel in Robert Campin’s Mérode Altarpiece (fig. 14.1) depicts the __________.

A. Resurrection B. Creator C. salvation and redemption of humankind D. Temptation E. Annunciation Answer: E Page ref: 54 3. __________ wrote Ninety-five Theses, which became a rallying cry for the Reformation, in the form of a disputation or debate.

A. Desiderius Erasmus B. Martin Luther C. John Calvin D. John Milton E. Sir Thomas More Answer: B Page ref: 59 4. Van Eyck’s Ghent Altarpiece (figs. 14.2) is a __________.

A. fresco B. polyptych C. diptych D. triptych E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 55 5. The __________ has two extraordinary features: a town on the roof that is complete with winding streets, squares, and turrets; and an interior double-spiral staircase built with a circle of 30 feet in diameter whose spiral staircases intertwine but do not meet.

A. Hardwick Hall B. House of Jacques Coeur C. Château of Chambord D. Fontainebleau Palace E. Château of Chenonceaux Answer: C Page ref: 67-68 6. Although it has long been assumed that the viewer is witnessing a marriage in Van Eyck’s Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife Giovanna Cenami (fig. 14.3), recent arguments suggest, however, that it is a(n) __________.

A. courtship

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B. engagement C. annulment D. divorce E. baptism Answer: B Page ref: 56 7. __________ created a portrait of Queen Elizabeth I as a princess that displays Elizabeth’s love of learning by representing books.

A. Levina Bening Teerling B. Hans Holbein the Younger C. Caterina van Hemessen D. Lucas Cranach E. all of the above Answer: A Page ref: 70 8. The hay in Hieronymous Bosch’s Hay Wain (fig. 14.4) symbolizes __________.

A. heaven B. youth C. material possessions D. pleasures of the flesh E. the wheel of fate Answer: C Page ref: 57 9. __________ proposed the scientific method.

A. Francis Bacon B. Galileo C. Copernicus D. Newton E. Kepler Answer: A Page ref: 64 10. The Flemish painter, __________ is best known for his half-man, half-animal creatures.

A. Robert Campin B. Jan van Eyck C. Hieronymus Bosch D. Peter Bruegel the Elder E. Peter Paul Rubens Answer: C Page ref: 57 11. One of the most virulent attacks on religious objects occurred in England where King Henry VIII ordered the destruction of monasteries in 1535. His systematic destruction of architecture associated with religion is an example of __________.

A. patriotism B. iconoclasm C. etching D. both A and B E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 59 12. __________ are an examples of the secular music that became increasingly popular in the Renaissance and which are characterized by lyrics written in the vernacular.

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A. Gregorian chants B. Soliloquies C. Madrigals D. Mystery plays E. both A and B Answer: C Page ref: 70 13. Robert Campin’s Mérode Altarpiece (fig. 14.1) is the earliest example in which the Annunciation was depicted as taking place in a __________.

A. home B. church C. holy realm D. stable E. outhouse Answer: A Page ref: 54 14. The scholar and Christian humanist __________ refused to support King Henry VIII’s split with the Roman Church.

A. Philip II B. Thomas More C. Charles V D. Mary of Hungary E. Eleanor of Aquitaine Answer: B Page ref: 58 15. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet often speaks _________, or private reflections spoken aloud toward the audience but not toward the other characters.

A. arias B. cantatas C. soliloquies D. dialogues E. monologues Answer: C Page ref: 71 16. The theme of earthly __________ is(are) the focus of the central panel of Bosch’s triptych Garden of Earthly Delights.

A. ignorance B. possessions C. betrayal D. pleasures of the flesh E. mind Answer: D Page ref: 58 17. The __________ is a woodcut by Albrecht Dürer.

A. Adam and Eve B. Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse C. A Young Hare D. Self-Portrait E. both A and B Answer: B Page ref: 64

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18. Pieter Bruegel was most concerned with __________.

A. the peasant class B. landscapes C. the ruling class D. self-portraits E. flowers Answer: A Page ref: 66 19. Madrigals are often about __________.

A. heaven and hell B. love and frivolity C. redemption and salvation D. etiquette and social mores E. pestilence and flood Answer: B Page ref: 70 20. Robert Campin’s Mérode Altarpiece (fig. 14.1) is an example of the __________ medium.

A. egg tempera B. oil C. acrylic D. fresco E. intaglio Answer: B Page ref: 53 21. The Essays written by __________ are a stunning example of Renaissance individualism grounded in humanism.

A. Erasmus B. Martin Luther C. Montaigne D. William Shakespeare E. Kit Marlowe Answer: C Page ref: 71 22. Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing is a __________.

A. comedy B. history C. tragedy D. romance E. mystery Answer: A Page ref: 73 23. __________ was the most important satirical work of the Renaissance.

A. Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly B. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet C. Benvenuto Cellini’s Autobiography D. John Calvin’s Institutes E. Martin Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses Answer: A Page ref: 58 24. The argument that rather than revolving around the earth, the earth and the other planets orbit the sun, was put forth by __________.

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A. Galileo B. Newton C. Pasteur D. Bacon E. Copernicus Answer: E Page ref: 63

True/False 25. Iconoclasm is the systematic celebration of religious icons.

Answer: F Page ref: 59 26. Blank verse refers to rhyming couple, each line of which has fourteen syllables.

Answer: F Page ref: 73 27. The humanist scholar Desiderius Erasmus was born in Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and is best known for his rejection of all elements of classical civilization.

Answer: F Page ref: 58 28. A madrigal is a vocal composition for a small group of singers, usually without accompaniment.

Answer: T Page ref: 70 29. The development of the printing press greatly facilitated the spread of the Reformation during this era.

Answer: T Page ref: 74 30. Alla prima is painting without preparing a preliminary drawing.

Answer: T Page ref: 57 31. The Northern Renaissance painters favored egg tempera over the newly developing oil medium.

Answer: F Page ref: 53 32. William Shakespeare’s command of the English language is particularly evident in his soliloquies.

Answer: T Page ref: 71 33. A disputation was part of the learning process at Universities and refers to debates held weekly between Faculty and students.

Answer: T Page ref: 59 34. The “age of discovery” is so called because of such men as Christopher Columbus, Vasco de Gama and Nicolas Copernicus.

Answer: T Page ref: 53

Short Answer 35. Why was Bruges such an important city at the beginning of the fifteenth century?

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36. Define “disguised symbolism” and examine its use in Robert Campin’s Mérode Altarpiece (fig. 14.1).

37. What is the relationship between Hieronymous Bosch’s Hay Wain (fig. 14.4) and Flemish proverbs?

38. Why are so many of Bosch’s works now in the Prado Museum in Madrid?

39. How is Erasmus a good example of the devotee of humanism in the Northern Renaissance epoch?

40. What practices of the Catholic Church did Martin Luther object to, and what did he do about his objections?

41. Define “iconoclasm” and present two examples of its use during this era.

42. Summarize the accomplishments of scientists and explorers of this epoch.

43. What typifies secular music during the Renaissance? Give an example of a typical form of secular music.

44. What features does the drama of the Elizabethan Age (1558-1603) share with that of ancient Greece and which Shakespearean play serves as an excellent example?

Essay 45. Select one work of art that dates prior to the Reformation, one object that dates after the Reformation, and one text to examine the effects of the Reformation on the culture of the Northern Renaissance.

46. Compare and contrast the Southern and Northern Renaissance through a close examination of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. Caterina van Hemessen’s Portrait of a Lady, Petrarch’s Sonnet 159, and Louise Labe’s Sonnet 18.

47. Examine the issue of disguised symbolism in the work of Northern Renaissance artists by examining at least three works, including literature that uses a high degree of allusion to make its point.

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Chapter 15: The Baroque Age Multiple Choice 1. John Donne’s A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, is recognized for its extended analogy comparing lovers to __________.

A. a sunrise B. a telescopic lens C. trees in a forest D. the two feet of a geometrician’s compass E. planets in orbit Answer: D Page ref: 122 2. In the seventeenth century, a distinctly secular brand of Baroque painting emerged in __________.

A. Spain B. Holland C. Germany D. Portugal E. Greece Answer: B Page ref: 102-104 3. Bernini’s David (fig. 15.4) is depicted __________.

A. in an unspecified moment before David’s conflict with Goliath B. as a young boy C. looking at Goliath after the giant’s death D. the split-second before David released the stone that kills Goliath E. as an old man reflecting Answer: D Page ref: 95-96 4. __________ was in charge of her family’s Bologna shop and supported her parents and three siblings through the sale of paintings that appealed to patrons with their sentimentality, such as the Virgin and Child (fig. 15.9) of 1663.

A. Artemisia Gentileschi B. Judith Leyster C. Elisabetta Sirani D. Rachel Ruysch E. Clara Peeters Answer: C Page ref: 99 5. The plays of __________ “concentrate on the moral dilemmas of the Greek tragedies.”

A. Molière B. John Donne C. Jean Racine D. Anne Bradstreet E. Pierre Corneille Answer: C Page ref: 121 6. __________ achieved the zenith of the illusionist ceiling fresco in Triumph of St. Ignatius of Loyola (fig. 15.11) that dates to 1691-94.

A. Caravaggio B. Fra Andrea Pozzo

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C. Annibale Caracci D. Pieter Bruegel E. Artemisia Gentileschi Answer: B Page ref: 100 7. Born in Germany, __________ was a Flemish Baroque painter who became extremely successful in Antwerp, possessing a studio containing over two hundred painters and students by 1611.

A. Pieter de Hooch B. Peter Paul Rubens C. Judith Leyster D. Rembrandt van Rijn E. Rachel Ruysch Answer: B Page ref: 105 8. __________ invented the concerto.

A. Claudio Monteverdi B. Johann Sebastian Bach C. Arcangelo Corelli D. Antonio Vivaldi E. Henry Purcell Answer: C Page ref: 102 9. Poussin was the opposite of Rubens __________.

A. in terms of the using line rather than color as the dominant element of design B. in focusing his attention on portrait painting C. in uniting every stroke by the curving movements of his design D. in the sheer exuberance of his lush forms E. none of the above Answer: A Page ref: 109 10. Pope Paul V commissioned __________ as Vatican architect to convert Michelangelo’s Greek plan into a traditional Latin-cross plan.

A. Leon Battista Alberti B. Andrea Palladio C. Gianlorenzo Bernini D. Francesco Borromini E. Carlo Maderno Answer: E Page ref: 94 11. __________ painted The Night Watch (fig. 15.14) in 1642 to represent the Amsterdam civic guard.

A. Pieter de Hooch B. Peter Paul Rubens C. Judith Leyster D. Clara Peeters E. Rembrandt van Rijn Answer: E Page ref: 104 12. __________ composed The Four Seasons.

A. Claudio Monteverdi B. Johann Sebastian Bach C. Arcangelo Corelli

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D. Antonio Vivaldi E. Joseph Haydn Answer: D Page ref: 102 13. __________ is the most celebrated painting of Diego Velázquez in part because of the intriguing fact that it crosses the genres of portrait and genre painting.

A. Boy Playing a Flute B. John Wilkins DD C. Jolly Toper D. Portrait of Charles I at the Hunt E. Las Meninas Answer: E Page ref: 109-110 14. In the Calling of St. Matthew (fig. 15.7), Caravaggio creates a religious atmosphere by his dramatic use of light, known as __________.

A. tenebrism B. pointillism C. verisimilitude D. chiaroscuro E. sfumato Answer: A Page ref: 98-99 15. Handel’s Messiah possesses a __________ tone.

A. mournful B. celebratory C. conciliatory D. solemn E. both B and D Answer: B Page ref: 115 16. The British philosopher __________ believed that the reasoning on which geometry is based could be extended to the social and political realm.

A. René Descartes B. Thomas Hobbes C. John Locke D. Francis Bacon E. Galileo Galilei Answer: B Page ref: 119-120 17. __________ established the Jesuit order of Catholic priests.

A. St. Basil B. St. Ignatius Loyola C. St. John of the Cross D. St. Philip of Neri E. St. Matthew Answer: B Page ref: 93 18. __________ contended that the human mind is at birth a tabula rasa.

A. John Locke B. Jean-Paul Sartre C. René Descartes

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D. Thomas Hobbes E. Gottfried Leibniz Answer: A Page ref: 120 19. The Hall of Mirrors (fig. 15.27) is located in __________.

A. the Louvre B. St. Paul’s Cathedral C. the Palace of Versailles D. San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane E. Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome Answer: C Page ref: 113-114 20. A __________ is composed of three or four independent parts of which one part, or voice, states a theme, which is then imitated in succession by each of the others.

A. fugue B. cantata C. madrigal D. both B and C E. none of the above Answer: A Page ref: 116 21. The Council of Trent suggested that religious art be directed toward all of the following except __________.

A. clarity B. elegance C. emotion D. realism E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 93 22. __________, a child prodigy who was selling works by the age of ten, is one of the most celebrated still life painters of the Baroque in France.

A. Diego Velázquez B. Mary Beale C. Rembrandt van Rijn D. Louise Moillon E. Clara Peeters Answer: D Page ref: 109-110

True/False 23. Francesco Borromini was the chief rival of Gianlorenzo Bernini.

Answer: T Page ref: 95 24. Miguel de Cervantes developed the picaresque, a form of novel that details the life of a rogue or knave who wanders from adventure to adventure.

Answer: T Page ref: 123

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25. René Descartres is known as the “Father of Modern Philosophy” and is well known for his dictum cogito ergo sum (“I think, therefore I am”).

Answer: T Page ref: 119 26. French theater eschewed the three unities of time, place, and action that were the basis of other Baroque countries.

Answer: F Page ref: 120 27. Peter Paul Rubens was highly successful during his time; in fact, he is arguably the most successful artist of his age with over two hundred painters and students working in his Antwerp studio.

Answer: T Page ref: 105-106 28. The German-born composer George Frederick Handel turned to the production of the oratorio, a sacred opera sung with neither costume nor acting, after the mid-1720s.

Answer: T Page ref: 114-115 29. Rachel Ruysch is known for her “flower pieces,” a kind of still life painting developed during the Baroque.

Answer: T Page ref: 105 30. A fugue is composed of multiple instrumental parts.

Answer: F Page ref: 116 31. The recitative element of Baroque opera was musically heightened speech midway between spoken dialog and melodic aria.

Answer: T Page ref: 100

Short Answer 32. What was the Council of Trent, why was it convened, and what was its view on the role of art in worship?

33. What were the consequences of the Thirty Years’ War? 34. Give an example of “drama and theatricality” in Baroque art.

35. Provide an instance of “classical restraint” in Baroque art.

36. What is a good illustration of “emotionalism” in the Baroque?

37. How did humanism influence the development of opera during this era?

38. Explain how Diego Velázquez’ Las Meninas can be classified as both a genre scene and a formal portrait.

39. To what can one attribute the development and rise of interest in still lives during the Baroque?

Moreover, how are these images visual encapsulations of the idea of vanitas?

40. Discuss the purpose of the French Academy.

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41. Give an example of how Baroque architecture could function as a signifier of power.

Essay 42. Explain how the intense interest in science impacted art, music, and literature of the Baroque era.

43. Choose one work each that expresses the three subsets of Baroque art: Counter-Reformation, Aristocratic, and Middle Class.

44. Explore the spread of Baroque style to conquered people, for example those of the Americas, through an examination of at least one architecture and one literary piece.

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Chapter 16: The Eighteenth Century Multiple Choice 1. Franz Joseph Haydn’s “Farewell” Symphony no. 45 was conceived as an explicit protest at the living conditions at the __________ palace.

A. Vienna B. Basel C. Berlin D. Eisenstadt E. Versailles Answer: D Page ref: 166 2. The __________ style is marked by a shift in court taste from the poussiniste style to a more rubéniste one.

A. Rococo B. Mannerism C. Baroque D. Neoclassicism E. Romanticism Answer: A Page ref: 158 3. A symphony consists of __________ movements.

A. one B. three C. seven D. eight E. four Answer: E Page ref: 166 4. __________ is a style that emerged as artists turned away from the Rococo and back toward ancient classical ideals.

A. Neoclassicism B. Mannerism C. Baroque D. Renaissance E. Post-Impressionist Answer: A Page ref: 158 5. The English artist __________ produced picture series that were equivalent to chapters in a novel. An example is Marriage à la Mode (fig. 16.7) that sought to teach by example, and he referred to his narratives as “modern moral subjects.”

A. William Hogarth B. Sir Joshua Reynolds C. Thomas Gainsborough D. John Constable E. Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin Answer: A Page ref: 154 6. __________ aptly captures the spirit of London’s Grub Street.

A. Voltaire’s Candide

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B. Pope’s Dunciad C. Paine’s Age of Reason D. Austen’s Pride and Prejudice E. Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels Answer: B Page ref: 157 7. Rococo is to frivolity as Neoclassical art is to __________.

A. moral virtue B. violence C. emotion D. mythology E. genre Answer: A Page ref: 159 8. __________, an artist of the Parisian Rococo is noted for his rapid brushwork, painting an entire work inside of an hour.

A. Jean-Antoine Watteau B. Eugène Delacroix C. Jean-Honoré Fragonard D. Jacques-Louis David E. François Boucher Answer: C Page ref: 151-152 9. The Chiswick House (fig. 16.15) is an excellent example of the __________ style.

A. Rococo B. Baroque C. Neoclassical D. Mannerist E. Romantic Answer: C Page ref: 162 10. The French Committee’s Reign of Terror had all of these goals, except to __________.

A. win the war with Austria and Prussia B. suppress all its enemies C. restore rights to individual citizens D. establish a “Republic of Virtue” E. none of the above Answer: C Page ref: 148 11. Jacques-Louis David’s theme in The Oath of the Horatii (fig. 16.11) is __________.

A. Roman heroic stoicism and high principles B. the pledging of eternal love C. the swearing in of Napoleon D. none of the above E. both A and C Answer: A Page ref: 159-160 12. Jean-Antoine Houdon’s George Washington (fig. 16.14). symbolized the states by __________.

A. the number “13” in the corner of the of the work B. thirteen fasces bound together C. thirteen colonists standing together

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D. thirteen canons E. thirteen swords Answer: B Page ref: 162 13. __________ art was most closely associated with the French Revolution.

A. Jean-Antoine Watteau’s B. Jacques-Louis David’s C. Jean-Honoré Fragonard’s D. François Boucher’s E. Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun Answer: B Page ref: 160 14. The Salon de la Princesse, Hôtel de Soubise, Paris (fig. 16.6) is an example of architecture in the __________ style.

A. Romantic B. Rococo C. Neoclassical D. Baroque E. Renaissance Answer: B Page ref: 153-154 15. Jane Austen’s novels are classified as __________.

A. social comedies B. satiric comedies C. histories D. revenge tragedies E. mysteries Answer: A Page ref: 165 16. The composer __________ began in the Classical vein and later became known for his Romantic style.

A. Franz Joseph Haydn B. Antonio Vivaldi C. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart D. Ludgwig von Beethoven E. Thomas Gainsborough Answer: D Page ref: 168 17. All of the following were painters of the Rococo except __________.

A. Jean-Antoine Watteau B. Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun C. Jean-Honoré Fragonard D. François Boucher E. Eugène Delacroix Answer: E Page ref: 150-158 18. __________ composed the famous opera Don Giovanni.

A. Franz Joseph Haydn B. Antonio Vivaldi C. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart D. Ludgwig von Beethoven

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E. Johannes Brahms Answer: C Page ref: 167 19. __________ occurred during the Enlightenment.

A. Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravity B. Leeuwenhoek’s development of the microscope C. Galileo’s invention of the telescope D. Kepler’s description of the functioning of the eye E. all of the above Answer: A Page ref: 149

True/False 20. Adam Smith was an ardent opponent of the Industrial Revolution.

Answer: F Page ref: 148-149 21. The Enlightenment was a period in which a group of intellectuals called philosophes believed that through reason, humanity could achieve a perfect society.

Answer: T Page ref: 145 22. Carolus Linnaeus developed the biological classification system used to identify species that is still in use today.

Answer: T Page ref: 149 23. Ludwig van Beethoven’s body of music moves one from an era of heavy reliance on the classical to a more romantic mood.

Answer: T Page ref: 168 24. Angelica Kauffmann’s Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures (fig. 16.14) is a model of Rococo style and technique.

Answer: F Page ref: 160-161 25. Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication on the Rights of Woman is an anti-revolutionary tract.

Answer: F Page ref: 149 26. The George Washington (fig. 16.14) by Jean-Antoine Houdon stands in the contrapposto pose derived from antiquity.

Answer: T Page ref: 162 27. François Boucher was a favorite of the king’s mistress, Madame de Pompadour.

Answer: T Page ref: 151 28. The National Assembly of 1789 France was made up of “The Third Estate” and their aristocratic sympathizers.

Answer: T Page ref: 147

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29. Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock set the standard for serious poetry.

Answer: F Page ref: 157

Short Answer 30. What does the term “Enlightenment” refer to?

31. What is “rational humanism”? Select a work of art, a piece of music, and a text and delineate how each relates to this concept.

32. Outline the key events that characterize the beginning of the Industrial Revolution and examine how Adam Smith justified the practices of the factory owners.

33. Using a single building, painting, or musical composition explain why Rococo style appealed to the upper classes.

34. Give an example of a mock epic.

35. How was the Neoclassical style used to promote the ideals of the French Revolution?

36. Trace the development of the novel during the eighteenth century.

37. How does the Neoclassical garden compare to the gardens of the Baroque era?

38. What do Jane Austen’s novels advocate?

39. There was a rise in public concerts during the Neoclassical era. Provide an example to delineate the changes that occurred due to a new audience made up primarily of the middle-class.

Essay 40. What are the elements of Enlightenment thought and how did they manifest themselves in artistic, musical, and literary works?

41. Explain the role of satire in the art and literature of the eighteenth century by analysis of at least three works.

42. Give an example of a work in which the choice of style, either Rococo or Neoclassical, was determined by the message that the artist, musician, or writer was trying to convey.

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Chapter 17: Romanticism and Realism Multiple Choice 1. Ralph Waldo Emerson called himself a(n) __________.

A. Realist B. Renaissance man C. Transcendentalist D. Impressionist E. Neoclassicist Answer: C Page ref: 200 2. The novel __________ by Robert Louis Stevenson embodies the conflict between the classical mind and the new Romantic mind.

A. Walden B. Moby Dick C. Treasure Island D. The Scarlet Letter E. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Answer: E Page ref: 201 3. Both Goya’s The Third of May (fig. 17.1) and Théodore Géricault’s Raft of the Medusa (fig. 17.2) could be said to express the theme of __________.

A. “all’s fair in love and war” B. “love conquers all” C. “humanity’s inhumanity” D. “all’s well that ends well” E. none of the above Answer: C Page ref: 191-193 4. Virtuosity is to Renaissance as originality is to __________.

A. Realism B. Mannerism C. Romanticism D. Neoclassicism E. Baroque Answer: C Page ref: 191 5. All of the following were English Realist novelists except __________.

A. Charles Dickens B. Emily Brontë C. Gustave Flaubert D. George Eliot E. Anthony Trollope Answer: B Page ref: 203 6. The British Houses of Parliament (fig. 17.10) in London are a model of the __________ style.

A. Gothic Revival B. Realistic C. Neoclassical D. Romantic

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E. Renaissance Answer: A Page ref: 198 7. St. Augustine’s Confessions is to the honor and glory of God as Rousseau’s Confessions is to the honor and glory of __________.

A. nature B. the self C. altruism D. patriotism E. social contracts Answer: B Page ref: 200 8. Beethoven’s Symphony No. 6 (“The Pastoral”) is an example of __________.

A. an aria B. absolute music C. program music D. a capella music E. both A and B Answer: C Page ref: 205 9. Francisco Goya’s __________ style was employed to chronicle of France’s war with Spain.

A. Romantic B. Realistic C. Renaissance D. Surrealistic E. Neoclassical Answer: A Page ref: 191 10. __________wrote Walden in 1854 because he believed that living close to nature was humankind’s strength.

A. Thoreau B. Emerson C. Wollstonecraft D. Rousseau E. Wordsworth Answer: A Page ref: 200 11. The theme of a large portion of nineteenth-century literature is __________.

A. good manners B. our ignorance of things C. patriotism D. survival E. family values Answer: B Page ref: 201 12. __________wrote Wuthering Heights which is a perfect encapsulation of the Romantic sensibility in the “violence of its scenes and the extravagance of its style.”

A. Emily Brontë B. Jane Austen C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge D. John Keats

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E. Emily Dickinson Answer: A Page ref: 203 13. __________ was the subject of Goya’s series of eighty-two prints produced between 1810 and 1823.

A. War B. Nature C. Love D. The working class E. Dance Answer: A Page ref: 191 14. Kant called the two basic substances, “those that we receive through impressions, and those that our faculty of knowledge supplies from itself” __________ respectively.

A. senses and matters B. sensations and perceptions C. phenomena and noumena D. feeling and knowing E. conscious and unconscious Answer: C Page ref: 200 15. Goethe’s play, Faust, has been described as a defining work of __________.

A. Transcendentalism B. European Romanticism C. European Neoclassicsm D. European Realism E. American Impressionism Answer: B Page ref: 204 16. All the following are considered Romantic music, except __________ A. Haydn’s “Farewell” Symphony No. 45 B. Brahms’s “Lullaby” C. Wagner’s Ring of the Niebelung D. Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique E. Chopin’s Nocturne No. 2 in E Flat Answer: A Page ref: 205 17. William Blake’s poetry focuses on __________ that are said to be contradictory states of the soul.

A. good and evil B. hope and despair C. innocence and experience D. essence and nothingness E. body and spirit Answer: C Page ref: 202 18. Romantic artists were not interested in the __________.

A. fantastic world of dreams B. exotic world of the Orient C. beauty of nature, often seen in its wilder aspects D. symmetry of machine-made products E. life in the women’s quarters of harems Answer: D

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Page ref: 191 19. The Lied was a type of art song set to an accompaniment that suited the tone, mood, and details of a(n) __________.

A. poem B. opera C. ballad D. madrigal E. novel Answer: A Page ref: 205 20. Realist art portrays the lives of __________ people.

A. aristocratic B. working class C. old D. beautiful E. young Answer: B Page ref: 210 21. Berlioz is to the orchestra as Chopin is to the __________.

A. violin B. trumpet C. flute D. oboe E. piano Answer: E Page ref: 206 22. Eadweard Muybridge’s sequence studies led to the invention of the __________.

A. automobile B. motion picture C. phonograph D. morse code E. radio Answer: B Page ref: 215-216 23. The American painter __________, who was greatly influenced by photography, was dedicated to the accurate presentation of the human body in motion.

A. Edward Hopper B. Thomas Eakins C. Winslow Homer D. Thomas Cole E. Alfred Stieglitz Answer: B Page ref: 214

True/False 24. Gustave Flaubert wrote Madame Bovary as a comprehensive attack on Romantic sensibility.

Answer: T Page ref: 219 25. A leitmotif is a long musical passage popularized by Richard Wagner.

Answer: F

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Page ref: 207 26. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther is his contribution to the Sturm und Drang movement that espoused Enlightenment objectivity, rationality, and restraint.

Answer: F Page ref: 203-204 27. Gertrude Käsebier worked in the photographic style of Pictorialism in which the image’s surface is somewhat indistinct with softened lines.

Answer: T Page ref: 216 28. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were two proponents of the factory system.

Answer: F Page ref: 210 29. The Odalisque (fig. 17.5) by Eugène Delacroix is a rubéniste work that represents a woman from a harem.

Answer: T Page ref: 195 30. John Constable was an English landscape painter whose work conveyed a sense of “the enduring attachment to place so fundamental to rural life.”

Answer: T Page ref: 194-195 31. The writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky was a favorite of the czarist regime.

Answer: F Page ref: 220 32. Giuseppe Verdi was Italy’s most important Romantic composer.

Answer: T Page ref: 207

Short Answer 33. List as many interests of the Romantics as possible and provide examples of each from art, music, or literature.

34. How do Francisco Goya and Théodore Géricault compare as Romantic artists?

35. How did Americans view of the landscape translate into the establishment of the national park system during the nineteenth-century?

36. Summarize the primary ideas expressed by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his Confessions.

37. Why does London’s Houses of Parliament use a style based on that of the Gothic period (that is, why was this style considered appropriate for a government building)?

38. Select a text by either Ralph Waldo Emerson or Henry David Thoreau to explain the Transcendentalist view of nature.

39. What was Wagner’s contribution to music of the nineteenth-century?

40. Why is music considered the most “romantic of art forms”? Use examples from Benton and DiYanni as the basis of discussion.

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41. Trace the role of photography in the development of Realism.

42. How is one’s understanding of nineteenth-century sexual politics enhanced by applying feminist theories to Edouard Manet’s Luncheon on the Grass?

Essay 43. Compare at least three works to explore how did political unrest during the nineteenth-century affect the art of Europe and the United States.

44. How are Ingres’ Odalisque and Eakins’ The Swimming Hole models of Romanticism and Realism in visual art respectively?

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Chapter 18: Impressionism and Post-Impressionism Multiple Choice 1. Developments in ideas about the structure of the __________, especially in proving that it is divisible, occurred in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

A. microscope B. treatment of animals by humans C. atom D. third dimension E. both A and B Answer: C Page ref: 247 2. Claude Debussy was to nineteenth-century French music what Pierre-Auguste Renoir was to nineteenth-century French __________.

A. literature B. architecture C. painting D. philosophy E. sculpture Answer: C Page ref: 241 3. __________ is an important subject in Impressionism.

A. Mythological subjects B. The ordinary life of the working class C. Religious subjects D. The good life and the entertainments of the belle époque E. Foods, fruits, and elements of fine dining Answer: D Page ref: 240-241 4. All of the following painters are considered Impressionists except __________.

A. Edgar Degas B. Mary Cassatt C. Vincent van Gogh D. Pierre-Auguste Renoir E. Berthe Morisot Answer: C Page ref: 249-250 5. Monet’s Haystacks at Giverny (fig. 18.2) was one of a series of paintings of haystacks that Monet painted to study __________.

A. how colors appear when juxtaposed B. horizontal and vertical definition C. the way in which changes in light and weather alter what we see D. the architectural structures of Europe E. asymmetrical composition Answer: C Page ref: 240 6. __________ was associated with the Symbolist movement.

A. Sarah Orne Jewett B. Charlotte Perkins Gilman

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C. James Abbott McNeill Whistler D. Kate Chopin E. Stéphane Mallarmé Answer: E Page ref: 244 7. Baron Haussmann was responsible for the __________.

A. “grands boulevards” of Paris B. Eiffel Tower in Paris C. The Statue of Liberty D. Art Nouveau presence in Paris E. “Batignolles” group Answer: A Page ref: 238-239 8. The human psyche, according to Sigmund Freud, is divided into: __________.

A. body and soul B. id, ego, and superego C. a million little pieces D. libido and aggressive impulses E. conscious and unconscious Answer: B Page ref: 247 9. __________ washed his brush between strokes so that each color would be distinct, referring to his brushstrokes as “little planes.”

A. Claude Monet B. Paul Cézanne C. Georges Seurat D. Vincent van Gogh E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 248 10. __________ created one of the first skyscrapers with his Wainwright Building (fig. 18.18) in St. Louis, Missouri.

A. Auguste Rodin B. Louis Kahn C. Walter Gropius D. Louis Sullivan E. Frank Lloyd Wright Answer: D Page ref: 254 11. Georges Seurat employed the __________ technique in Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte (fig. 18.10).

A. color field B. tenebrist C. theatrical D. pointillist E. action painting Answer: D Page ref: 249 12. __________ sculpted The Thinker (fig. 18.15).

A. Auguste Rodin B. Lorenzo Ghiberti

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C. Donatello D. Berthe Morisot E. Camille Claudel Answer: A Page ref: 252-253 13. __________ is known as the “father of abstract art.”

A. Claude Monet B. Henri Matisse C. Paul Cézanne D. Paul Gauguin E. Vincent van Gogh Answer: C Page ref: 248 14. Art nouveau favored forms derived from __________.

A. nature B. mathematics C. pop culture D. astronomy E. classical antiquity Answer: A Page ref: 255 15. A key characteristic of __________ in literature is represented by such American women writers as Sarah Orne Jewett, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and Kate Chopin.

A. naturalism B. sentimentalism C. emotionalism D. tenebrism E. stylization Answer: A Page ref: 244-245 16. The name “Impressionism” was derived from a painting by __________.

A. Édouard Manet B. Claude Monet C. Mary Cassatt D. Pierre-Auguste Renoir E. Berthe Morisot Answer: B Page ref: 239 17. Friedrich Nietzsche was a philosopher who asserted the freedom of the individual who could channel __________ tendencies in ways not constrained by social conventions.

A. Apollonian and Dionysian B. Jack and Jill C. Yin and Yang D. both B and C E. none of the above Answer: A Page ref: 247 18. The Boer War was fought between the British empire and two independent Boer Republics of __________.

A. Germany B. France

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C. South Africa D. Holland E. Mali Answer: C Page ref: 246

True/False 19. Edgar Degas has been called a “linear Impressionist” because of his precise draftsmanship.

Answer: T Page ref: 242 20. Albert Einstein proposed his “Theory of Relativity” in 1905, but it was not until 1919 that mathematical equations central to his theory could be confirmed.

Answer: T Page ref: 247 21. The Post-Impressionist artist Paul Gauguin left his wife and five children and moved to Tahiti.

Answer: T Page ref: 251 22. Kate Chopin is associated with the Symbolist movement.

Answer: F Page ref: 244-245 23. James Abbot McNeill Whistler advocated an art that was concerned with morality, education, or narrative rather than appealing to the aesthetic sense.

Answer: F Page ref: 243 24. The favorite subjects of Paul Cézanne were still life and landscape.

Answer: T Page ref: 248 25. The artists who came to be known as Impressionists first exhibited together in 1874.

Answer: T Page ref: 239 26. Oscar Wilde styled himself a “decadent” and flaunted his homosexuality as a challenge to the accepted code of moral behavior being promoted in his day.

Answer: T Page ref: 246 27. Victor Horta’s architectural works were built in the Neoclassical style.

Answer: F Page ref: 255 28. Pierre-Auguste Renoir attempted to uncover the social inequities of late nineteenth-century Paris.

Answer: F Page ref: 240-241

Short Answer 29. List the three principal aims of Baron Haussmann’s rebuilding of the city of Paris.

30. Describe the goals of Impressionist paintings and evaluate the success by analyzing a single work by either Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, or Mary Cassatt.

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31. Explore Claude Debussy’s “musical impressionism.”

32. What were the chief scientific and technological developments of the late nineteenth-century?

33. What “improvements” to Impressionism are seen in either George Seurat’s A Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte (fig. 18.10) or Paul Gauguin’s Manao Tupapau (fig. 18.13)?

34. Delineate the primary characteristics of Japanese prints and name a European or American artist who was influenced by them.

35. List the features of Art Nouveau and provide an example of this style.

36. Who were the two key figures in philosophy at the turn of the century and what are the principal theories each espoused?

37. What new directions did sculpture take in the nineteenth-century and whose work is a good example of these new attitudes?

38. Discuss the significance of Darwin’s theory of evolution through the process of natural selection to people of the late nineteenth century.

Essay 39. How does Symbolist art and literature reflect, in the words of Benton and DiYanni, an attempt “[. . .] to convey reality by impression and sensation?”

40. Compare and contrast Louis Sullivan’s Wainwright Building (fig. 18.18) to Antoní Gaudí’s Casa Mila (fig. 18.20) in terms not only of style, but also of underlying cultural values.

41. What do the differences between Impressionist and Post-Impressionist styles suggest about varying attitudes of the late nineteenth century?

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Chapter 19: Chinese Civilization after the Thirteenth Century Multiple Choice 1. __________ is described as the “poet of the brush.”

A. Shen Zhou B. Qiu Ying C. Bei Dao D. Zhu Da E. Cao Xuequin Answer: A Page ref: 278 2. __________ was the most innovative development of the Qing dynasty.

A. Poetry B. Prose fiction C. Autobiography D. Essay E. Linked verse Answer: B Page ref: 285 3. The __________ dynasty was a short, but nevertheless a culturally significant, reign.

A. Yuan B. Ming C. Qing D. People’s Republic of China E. Tang Answer: A Page ref: 274-275 4. The most important paintings created in China after the thirteenth century were __________.

A. genre scenes B. portraits C. ceremonial images D. historical events E. landscapes Answer: E Page ref: 277 5. Under the rule of the so-called Yongle Emperor the palace enclosure where the emperor and his court lived was called the __________.

A. Imperial City B. Forbidden City C. Gate of Heavenly Peace D. Gate of Supreme Harmony E. The Garden of Imperial Delights Answer: B Page ref: 283 6. __________ best describes the “literati.”

A. Mongol invaders during the Yuan rule B. Poet-artists who used brushwork to express their understanding of humankind and nature C. Designers of the present-day Beijing

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D. Composers of Chinese theater music E. Communist officials Answer: B Page ref: 278 7. The Chinese often considered __________ the highest form of art.

A. poetry B. prose C. landscape painting D. portraits E. calligraphy Answer: E Page ref: 279 8. The Chinese ruler’s palace was usually situated at the __________.

A. east end, looking west B. west end, looking east C. southeastern end, looking northwest D. south end, looking north E. north end, looking south Answer: E Page ref: 283 9. __________ is the dominant political system in contemporary China.

A. Democracy B. Socialism C. Communism D. Monarchy E. Oligarchy Answer: C Page ref: 288 10. The Forbidden City (fig. 19.10) was approached __________.

A. by water B. through a maze C. through a series of gates D. by air E. through a series of tunnels Answer: C Page ref: 283 11. The calligraphy at the upper left of Shen Zhou’s Poet on a Moutaintop (fig. 19.3) is a __________.

A. poem B. prayer C. song D. signature E. novella Answer: A Page ref: 278 12. In the Beijing opera, the performer’s roles are divided into four major categories of which __________ is not a category.

A. male B. painted male face C. female D. clown E. painted female face

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Answer: E Page ref: 286 13. Shi Tao excelled in __________.

A. architecture B. prose fiction C. Beijing opera D. Chinese scholars’ rocks E. wet brush technique Answer: E Page ref:278

True/False 14. Due to its apt reflection of the political, religious, economic, and aesthetic element of mid-Qing elite life, The Dream of the Red Chamber is considered by some to be the most important Chinese literary text of the eighteenth century.

Answer: T Page ref: 285 15. Zhu Da was from an impoverished family and focused on the representation of humans in his works.

Answer: F Page ref: 278-279 16. Matteo Ricci was one of the most notable Jesuit priests to travel to China and was a frequent presence at the Ming courts.

Answer: T Page ref: 276 17. All the parts at the Beijing Opera were played by men.

Answer: T Page ref: 286 18. China ceded Hong Kong to Great Britain after their defeat in the Opium War; the city has now reverted back to the control of the Chinese.

Answer: T Page ref: 282 19. Wu Zhen’s Bamboo (fig. 19.1) could be interpreted as a symbol of survival of Chinese under foreign rule.

Answer: T Page ref: 274-275 20. Music was important during the Cultural Revolution in “extolling the glories of China and providing ceremonial background to public events.”

Answer: T Page ref: 285 21. Calligraphy was not a prestigious form in Chinese art.

Answer: F Page ref: 279 22. The Mongol ruling class of the Yuan dynasty kept the primary offices of governmental administration to themselves because they wanted to maintain their ethnic separateness.

Answer: T Page ref: 274

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Short Answer 23. What is the significance of the subject matter of Wu Zhen’s Bamboo (fig. 19.1)?

24. Explain what is meant by “the patriarchal nature” of Confucian society.

25. Describe how Ming furniture mingles form and function.

26. Analyze one work that expresses the creators and features of literati painting.

27. What is the painter Shitao known for?

28. Why was calligraphy so revered in Chinese culture?

29. What purpose did Scholars’ Rocks serve?

30. Examine the unique political and cultural situation of Hong Kong.

31. What are the two styles of hsi-wen and what region of China is each associated with?

32. What was Mao Zedong’s belief about the arts?

Essay 33. Summarize the primary beliefs of the Chinese and explain how these values have shaped specific works of art, music, and literature.

34. Examine how the Imperial Palace, Beijing (fig. 19.10) was designed as a visual manifestation of the nexus between the rule of the emperor and order in the universe.

35. Discuss the impact of the arrival of Jesuit Catholic missionaries, such as Matteo Ricci, into China during the Qing dynasty.

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Chapter 20: Japanese Civilization after the Fifteenth Century Multiple Choice 1. In 1868, Japan returned to rule by emperor, inaugurating a period known as the __________.

A. Meiji era B. Kamakura period C. Edo period D. Momoyama period E. Muromachi period Answer: A Page ref: 297 2. Woodblock prints were closely associated with __________.

A. Beijing opera B. Kabuki theater C. Hsi-wen D. Bunraku puppet theater E. bushido Answer: B Page ref: 307 3. Muromachi gardens were designed for __________.

A. exercise B. meditation C. social gatherings D. love trysts E. ceremonies Answer: B Page ref: 302 4. Basho Matsuo is known for his __________.

A. woodblock prints B. Noh theater C. musical compositions D. landscape painting E. haiku poetry Answer: E Page ref: 303 5. __________ created Sudden Shower Over Atake (fig. 20.5), number 58 of One Hundred Views of Edo. A. Katsushika Hokusai B. Sesshu C. Ando Hiroshige D. Utamaro Kitagawa E. Saikaku Ihara Answer: C Page ref: 300 6. Bunraku developed and flourished during the __________ period.

A. Ashikaga B. Warring States C. Muromachi D. Tokugawa

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E. Momoyama Answer: D Page ref: 307 7. Kabuki theater emerged in the __________ century.

A. fourteenth B. fifteenth C. sixteenth D. seventeenth E. nineteenth Answer: D Page ref: 307 8. __________ is an icon that represents Japan, as seen in Katsushika’s The Great Wave off Kanagawa (fig. 20.4).

A. Buddha B. Garden of the Daisen-in monastery in Kyoto C. Mount Fuji D. Himeji E. Kinkakuji Answer: C Page ref: 299-300 9. Modern Japanese literature dates from the beginning of the __________.

A. Meiji era B. Edo period C. Momoyama period D. Heian period E. Muromachi period Answer: A Page ref: 306 10. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a style of Japanese art called ukiyo-e arose, which became especially associated with __________.

A. haiku B. Japanese gardens C. woodblock prints D. landscape painting E. garden design Answer: C Page ref: 298-299 11. The Himeji Castle (fig. 20.8) was built during the __________ period.

A. Muromachi B. Nara C. Edo D. modern E. Momoyama Answer: E Page ref: 302 12. The fiction of modern Japan reflects a strong concern with __________.

A. achievement B. religion C. cultural and individual identity D. ancient tales E. philosophy

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Answer: C Page ref: 306 13. “What is the sound of one hand clapping?” is an example of a Zen __________.

A. shoin B. cha-no-yu C. samurai D. koan E. shogun Answer: D Page ref: 298

True/False 14. The Tokugawa shogunate unified the country of Japan and isolated it from outside world.

Answer: T Page ref: 297 15. Haiku reached an apex with such poems as this one by Basho Matsuo: “First rain of winter—/the monkey too seems to want/a little straw raincoat.”

Answer: T Page ref: 303-304 16. A geisha in training is called a maika.

Answer: T Page ref: 308 17. The establishment of classes during Edo period was influenced by Confucianism.

Answer: T Page ref: 297 18. The first Zen patriarch is named Daruma and is represented in a work by Hakuin Ekaku.

Answer: T Page ref: 298 19. Oe Hikari was a Muromachi sculptor known for his images of Buddha.

Answer: F Page ref: 309 20. In Noh theater the music comes from a ji or chorus.

Answer: T Page ref: 307 21. The Japanese anime film is taken as seriously as other films and is found in a variety of genres, including science fiction, adventure, and romances.

Answer: T Page ref: 308 22. Zazen is a form of music practiced in the rural areas of the country.

Answer: F Page ref: 298

Short Answer 23. How did Confucianism impact the organization of society during the Edo period?

24. Describe the tenets and major aspects of the religion of Shinto.

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25. Using a work of art, examine the forms and ideas behind landscape painting during the Muromachi period.

26. What is a koan and what is its purpose?

27. Explain how woodblock prints were linked to the world of Kabuki theater.

28. Summarize the Japanese approach to architecture during the Muromachi and Momoyama periods.

29. How does the Japanese garden compare to those of Europe?

30. What happened after 1600 in terms of literature?

31. What are the differences between Noh and Kabuki?

32. What is koto music, how did it develop, and what is its importance in Japan?

Essay 33. How do the styles of Chinese and Japanese architecture reflect the cultures in which each was created?

34. Compare and contrast Utagamaro Kitagawa’s Kuchi-bini (fig. 20.3) and the poems of Yosano Akiko.

35. Trace the influence of Zen Buddhism on the arts and literature of Japan after the fifteenth century.

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Chapter 21: Modern Africa and Latin America Multiple Choice 1. Isabel Allende’s novel The House of Spirits (1982) creates a fictional world that reconstructs the history of __________.

A. Chile B. Brazil C. Peru D. Argentina E. Paraguay Answer: A Page ref: 333-334 2. Frida Kahlo’s self-portrait, The Two Fridas (fig. 21.8), shows the influence of the __________ artistic style.

A. Cubism B. Fauvism C. Realism D. Surrealism E. Regionalism Answer: D Page ref: 329-330 3. __________ were the two diseases which were particular deterrents to colonization of Africa before the nineteenth-century.

A. Cholera and malaria B. Malaria and HIV C. HIV and smallpox D. Malaria and yellow fever E. Dengue fever and bubonic plague Answer: D Page ref: 321 4. Chinua Achebe uses __________ to show the changing economic, political, and cultural situation in Africa.

A. novels B. songs C. poems D. essays E. plays Answer: A Page ref: 327 5. One of the most characteristic types of African art is the __________.

A. mask B. mural C. public building D. landscaped garden E. church Answer: A Page ref: 326 6. The Los Tres Grandes referred to the __________.

A. three Mexican novelists B. three distinctive “Mexicos”

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C. three painters of the mural movement in Mexico D. three periods of the history of Mexican culture E. both A and C Answer: C Page ref: 329 7. The role of African music is as __________.

A. entertainment only B. an expression of their belief system C. a form to pass stories from generation to generation D. an element of events performed only on special occasions E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 325 8. According to Benton and DiYanni, __________ was not one of the three commodities from Africa that came into demand as the desire for slave labor decreased.

A. palm oil (used to lubricate machinery) B. latex (natural rubber) C. gum arabic (a dye fixer) D. coffee (to supply European homes and coffeehouses) E. none of the above Answer: D Page ref: 322 9. The Yoruba have images carved of ere ibeji or __________.

A. wandering minstrels B. “the mothers” C. the Oba D. the gods E. twins Answer: E Page ref: 328 10. The coffins of Kane Kwei of Ghana are an example of how __________.

A. African art always tells a story B. Africans value beauty above financial rewards C. contemporary African art often has a functional role D. the African conception of art’s purpose has changed dramatically E. both A and D Answer: C Page ref: 325 11. Mexico’s president Alvaro Obregón initiate __________ in 1920 to restore Mexico’s indigenous cultural identity.

A. an indigenous music movement B. a mural movement C. a literary movement D. an oral history movement E. a series of festivals Answer: B Page ref: 329 12. The meeting held from 1884 to 1885, which resulted in the division of the African continent among Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, was called the __________.

A. Division of Powers Colloquium B. African War Act

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C. Conference of Berlin D. Bismarck Session E. Benin Expedition Answer: C Page ref: 321-322 13. The message, for the Mexican people, of Sigueiros’ large-scale mural, Cuauhtémoc Against the Myth (fig. 21.7 ) was that __________.

A. Mexicans need to control their population B. indigenous people could regain power C. cultures can co-exist in one nation D. colonialism was not damaging E. religious faith will be rewarded Answer: B Page ref: 329 14. Jorge Luis Borges often merges the “real” with the imaginary so that his readers become disoriented and are forced to reconsider the relationship between __________.

A. this and that B. husband and wife C. fiction and reality D. here and now E. life and death Answer: C Page ref: 333 15. The most popular forms of popular Latin American music are those associated with __________.

A. dance B. opera C. ballet D. folk music E. parables Answer: A Page ref: 332 16. In 1800, the transatlantic slave trade was reaching its peak, with nearly __________ enslaved Africans transported to the Americas each year.

A. 250,000 B. 100,000 C. 75,000 D. 300,000 E. 500,000 Answer: B Page ref: 321 17. __________ is known for his/her “swollen” figures that fill the canvas like balloons and satirize the Latin American ruling elite.

A. Wilfredo Lam B. David Alfaro Sigueiros C. Diego Rivera D. Frida Kahlo E. Fernando Botero Answer: E Page ref: 332 18. Jorge Luis Borges is to the short story as Gabriel García Márquez is to the __________.

A. poem

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B. novel C. essay D. autobiography E. poetry Answer: B Page ref: 333 19. __________ is best known for his ficciones.

A. Jorge Luis Borges B. Gabriel García Márquez C. Isabel Allende D. Chinua Achebe E. Heitor Villa-Lobos Answer: A Page ref: 333

True/False 20. Sonny Okosun’s blend of African and Western sounds are based on the Ghanaian music known as highlife.

Answer: T Page ref: 326 21. The gelede masking tradition comes from the Baule of the Ivory Coast.

Answer: F Page ref: 326 22. The Sengalese scholar Leopold Senghor founded the movement called negritude which stressed the cultural achievements and unity of all people of African descent.

Answer: T Page ref: 323 23. Fernando Botero is a Columbian artist whose figures look “swollen” and satirize the Latin American elite.

Answer: T Page ref: 332 24. Solomon Linda, the Zulu musician who wrote Mbube (The Lion Sleeps Tonight), sold the rights in 1952 for one million dollars.

Answer: F Page ref: 327 25. John Maxwell Coetzee is a Nigerian painter.

Answer: F Page ref: 328 26. Proxylin is a lacquer developed as an automobile paint that was used by David Alfaro Siqueiros.

Answer: T Page ref: 329 27. Many of the Latin American forms of popular music are associated with dance, such as calypso and samba.

Answer: T Page ref: 332-333 28. Isabel Allende’s The House of Spirits reconstructs in fictional form the history of her country: Chile.

Answer: T

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Page ref: 333-334 29. The “red rubber scandal” was exposed by Brazilians in the 1950s.

Answer: F Page ref: 322

Short Answer 30. What developments began the decline of slavery in the early 1800s?

31. What three important technological innovations made possible the colonization of Africa?

32. How did colonialism encourage the rapid expansion of Islam?

33. What is the role of African music, and what is its most distinctive feature?

34. What two separate cultural and economic traditions make up Latin America?

35. Describe the impetus for the Mexican mural movement.

36. With what are the most prevalent forms of popular music in Latin America associated?

37. Delineate the elements of magic realism in the literature of Latin America and provide an example of its use.

38. What is the relationship between the music of Johannes Sebastian Bach and that of Heitor Villa-Lobos?

Essay 39. Select several works to explore how “African sculpture reflects both the preservation of local sculptural traditions and the introduction of styles and techniques from outside the continent.”

40. Examine how the arts and literature of Latin America show an immense plurality that demonstrates equally diverse cultures.

41. What is the role of religion in the production of art, music, and literature of the African and Latin American worlds?

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Chapter 22: Early Twentieth Century Multiple Choice 1. The “Manifesto” was the founding document of __________.

A. Cubism B. Futurism C. Fauvism D. Vienna Secession E. German Expressionism Answer: B Page ref: 354 2. __________ composed Porgy and Bess.

A. George Gershwin B. Scott Joplin C. Aaron Copland D. Louis Armstrong E. Dizzie Gillespie Answer: A Page ref: 379-380 3. The __________ movement, founded in 1917 in Holland, sought to integrate painting, sculpture, architecture, and industrial design, and championed a “pure” abstraction.

A. Dada B. De Stijl C. Abstract Expressionism D. Surrealism E. none of the above Answer: B Page ref: 360 4. In FSA photographer Walker Evan’s Washroom and Dining Area of Floyd Burrough’s Home, Hale County, Alabama (fig. 22.27), 1936, there are visual echoes of __________.

A. Dalí’s Surrealism B. Duchamp’s “anti-art” C. Matisse’s Fauvism D. Mondrian’s pure abstractions E. Arp’s Dada Answer: D Page ref: 374 5. Brancusi’s Bird in Space (fig. 22.15) evokes __________.

A. the bird itself B. space C. time D. a squawking parrot E. the flight of the bird Answer: E Page ref: 361 6. Joan Miró is one of the most accomplished practitioners of __________.

A. pointillism B. blank verse C. action painting D. color field painting

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E. automatism Answer: E Page ref: 359 7. __________ was the leading painter of the De Stijl movement.

A. Joan Miró B. Georgia O’Keeffe C. Piet Mondrian D. Salvador Dalí E. René Magritte Answer: C Page ref: 360-361 8. Picasso painted Guernica (fig. 22.25) in response to the __________.

A. stock market crash of 1929 B. injustice, racism, and inadequate housing encountered by blacks as they migrated north C. bombing of a defenseless Basque village D. beginning of World War II E. Louisville Flood of 1937 Answer: C Page ref: 372 9. Still Life with Chair Caning (fig. 22.4) is an excellent example of the __________ style developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque that was to have such influence on early twentieth-century avant garde art movements.

A. Fauvist B. Surrealist C. Cubist D. Regionalist E. Futurist Answer: C Page ref: 353 10. __________ is in a number of ways responsible for the invention of fascism.

A. Franz Kafka B. Benito Mussolini C. Franklin Delano Roosevelt D. Mahatma Gandhi E. Arnold Schoenberg Answer: B Page ref: 370 11. __________ by Henri Matisse perfectly encapsulates the tenets of Fauvism in its “raw contrasts of pure color in flat planes.”

A. Woman with a Hat B. Three Forms C. Object (Le Déjeuner en Fourrure D. Reclining Figure E. The Fountain Answer: A Page ref: 351 12. Nazi’s were proponents of the policy of __________, which they claimed justified the geographic expansion of the “superior” German race into territories of other countries.

A. Gesamtkunstwerk B. Kunstgeschichte C. Sturm und Drang

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D. Ausbuildung E. Lebensraum Answer: E Page ref: 372 13. __________ was a writer who chronicled the American South.

A. William Faulkner B. James Joyce C. Langston Hughes D. Virginia Woolf E. Ernest Hemingway Answer: A Page ref: 378 14. The painting, __________, is best described as depicting the impossible and irrational with absolute conviction.

A. Georgia O’Keeffe’s Yellow Calla B. Charles Demuth’s Aucassin and Nicolette C. Salvador Dalí’s The Persistence of Memory D. Edward Hopper’s Nighthawks E. Piet Mondrian’s Composition in Red, Yellow, and Blue Answer: C Page ref: 360 15. __________ instituted the New Deal in response to the Great Depression.

A. Franklin D. Roosevelt B. John F. Kennedy C. Harry Truman D. Lyndon Johnson E. Herbert Hoover Answer: A Page ref: 373 16. Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter were two separate branches of __________.

A. Realism B. Futurism C. Fauvism D. German Expressionism E. Vorticism Answer: D Page ref: 354-355 17. Edward Hopper is associated with __________.

A. Dadaism B. Neo-plasticism C. Regionalism D. Surrealism E. Art Brut Answer: C Page ref: 375 18. Salvador Dalí was a(n) __________.

A. Dadaist B. Abstract Expressionist C. Surrealist D. Futurist E. Fauve

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Answer: C Page ref: 360 19. Thomas Hart Benton is best known for his __________.

A. murals B. photographs C. lithographs D. hanging mobiles E. bronzes Answer: A Page ref: 376-377 20. The American artist __________ had a primary interest in natural forms and colors and subject matter such as flowers and animal bones.

A. Georgia O’Keeffe B. Alfred Stieglitz C. Sergei Eisenstein D. Alexander Calder E. Charles Demuth Answer: A Page ref: 364 21. The stories of __________ explore ideas from Christianity that transcend the confines of Southern Regionalism.

A. William Faulkner B. Flannery O’Connor C. Ernest Hemingway D. T.S. Eliot E. Franz Kafka Answer: B Page ref: 378-379 22. __________ viewed Dada as a kind of “anti-art.”

A. Hans Arp B. Tristan Tzara C. Kurt Schwitters D. Marcel Duchamp E. Sophie Teuber-Arp Answer: D Page ref: 358 23. Igor Stravinsky composed the ballet score to __________.

A. The Nutcracker B. The Rite of Spring C. Swan Lake D. Sleeping Beauty E. A, B, and D Answer: B Page ref: 356 24. Duke Ellington is associated with __________.

A. scat singing B. ragtime C. swing music D. hip-hop E. classical arias Answer: C

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Page ref: 382

True/False 25. Cubism was a movement that emphasized creating the illusion of reality by representing an object from a single vantage point.

Answer: F Page ref: 352 26. Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who is famous for his small, precisely rendered sculptures.

Answer: F Page ref: 381 27. James Joyce use a stream of consciousness technique to get readers into the character’s minds.

Answer: T Page ref: 367 28. Vassily Kandinsky founded the German Expressionist movement Die Brücke.

Answer: F Page ref: 355 29. Martha Graham was a pioneer of American Modernist dance.

Answer: T Page ref: 366 30. Dorothea Lange created photographs that were semi-abstract and unconcerned with the effects of the Depression.

Answer: F Page ref: 373 31. Filippo Marinetti published the Manifesto of Futurism which outlines an eleven-point pledge in the French newspaper Le Figaro on February 20, 1909.

Answer: T Page ref: 354 32. Two Modernist American poets influential because of the complex, multifaceted, technically innovative and densely allusive works are Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot.

Answer: T Page ref: 364-366 33. The goal of such Russian artists as Kasimir Malevich and El Lissitzky was to bring art to the masses; thus, these artists saw their art as a political tool.

Answer: T Page ref: 380 34. The leader of the Fauves was Henri Matisse.

Answer: T Page ref: 351

Short Answer 35. What does the term avant garde refer to in terms of art, music, or literature of the early twentiethcentury? List three to five of the avant garde movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth-centuries.

36. Benton and DiYanni assert that abstraction takes three forms. What are they?

37. What did the Fauves believe about color?

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38. List the notable features of Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (fig. 22.2). In what way is it similar to Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring?

39. What were the root causes of the Russian Revolution?

40. Why did Marcel Duchamp use puns in many of his works?

41. How does Surrealism differ from Dada? Present one Surrealist and one Dada work that to support a thesis.

42. How does De Stijl act as a counter-point to the nihilism of Dada and the psychological probing of Surrealism?

43. Name two regionalist works—one artistic, the other literary—and enunciate how each exhibits the major principles at work in regionalist movements of the 1930s.

44. Examine the role of music in defining “the distinct character of America’s regions [. . .]”

Essay 45. How did World War I shape the arts of Europe from 1914-1940?

46. Discuss the influence of African and African-American culture in art, music, and literature during between 1914 and 1940.

47. Analyze at least three works to determine how did the goals of modern abstract painters differ from those of the American Regionalist painters.

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Chapter 23: Mid-Twentieth Century and Later Multiple Choice 1. On December 7, 1941 __________.

A. Nixon resigned B. John F. Kennedy was assassinated C. Apollo 11 landed on the moon D. Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor E. none of the above Answer: D Page ref: 397 2. __________ introduced the philosophy of Existentialism.

A. Thomas Hobbes B. René Descartes C. Søren Kierkegaard D. Jacques Derrida E. John Locke Answer: C Page ref: 399 3. The basis of Lichtenstein’s style is __________.

A. pointillism B. the ben-day dot C. color field painting D. abstract expressionist gesture E. collage Answer: B Page ref: 410 4. In 1975, after the __________ marched on and captured the city of Saigon they renamed it Ho Chi Minh City.

A. Laotians B. Cambodians C. Tibetans D. Nepalese E. North Vietnamese Answer: E Page ref: 399 5. __________ is not an Abstract Expressionist painter.

A. Mark Rothko B. William de Kooning C. Edward Hopper D. Jackson Pollock E. Helen Frankenthaler Answer: C Page ref: 402-405 6. “Less is more,” the motto of __________ is a sentiment that is typical of the architects of mid twentieth-century International style.

A. Frank Lloyd Wright B. Walter Gropius C. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe D. Gerritt Rietveld

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E. Le Corbusier Answer: C Page ref: 404 7. __________ Flowering Limb (fig. 23.3) gives visual expression to the physical energy of painting that is characteristic of the Abstract Expressionists.

A. Lee Krasner’s B. Jackson Pollock’s C. Arshile Gorky’s D. William de Kooning’s E. Mark Rothko’s Answer: A Page ref: 401 8. Kouros (fig. 23.12) by __________ is obviously related to the works of such Surrealists as Jan Arp and Joan Mirò.

A. Isamu Noguchi B. Alexander Calder C. Anthony Caro D. Eduardo Chillida E. Mark di Suvero Answer: A Page ref: 407-408 9. Because there is no recognizable subject in Jackson Pollock’s Autumn Rhythm: Number 30, the work is referred to as __________.

A. Pop Art B. Minimal Art C. Post-Impressionism D. Abstract Expressionism E. Pattern and Decoration Answer: D Page ref: 400 10. All of the following are architects of the International Style except __________.

A. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe B. Le Corbusier C. Walter Gropius D. Frank Lloyd Wright E. Louis Sullivan Answer: E Page ref: 404-406 11. The painter __________ worked in a style known as “color field painting.”

A. Mark Rothko B. William de Kooning C. Roy Lichtenstein D. Jackson Pollock E. Lee Krasner Answer: A Page ref: 401 12. Robert Rauschenberg called work like the Odalisk (fig. 23.13) __________.

A. “action painting” B. “combine painting” C. “meldings” D. “environmental art”

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E. “pure information” Answer: B Page ref: 408 13. __________ designed “Prairie Houses” early in his career, but his Guggenheim Museum (fig. 23.10) is a model of clean, International style lines and materials.

A. I.M. Pei B. Mark Rothko C. Frank Lloyd Wright D. Henry Moore E. Sanford White Answer: C Page ref: 406 14. __________ coined the term “Happening.”

A. John Cage B. Allan Kaprow C. Andy Warhol D. Roy Lichtenstein E. Jean-Michel Basquiat Answer: B Page ref: 411 15. The work of __________ embodies the world of mass production.

A. Andy Warhol B. Louise Nevelson C. Robert Rauschenberg D. Roy Lichtenstein E. Tom Wesselmann Answer: A Page ref: 409 16. Simone de Beauvoir’s most important contribution to the intellectual life of the mid twentieth-century is __________.

A. her study of men B. her study of women C. her study of the biological differences between men and women D. her ideas on the complexity of choices between right and wrong E. her development of the theory of relativity Answer: B Page ref: 400 17. Le Corbusier’s Notre-Dame-du-Haut (fig. 23.9) abandons the __________ of traditional religious architecture.

A. grid-like structure B. bays C. devotionality D. concave and convex shapes E. symmetry Answer: E Page ref: 404

True/False 18. Charlie Chaplin was a master filmmaker and actor of the silent era who was famous for his “little tramp” figure.

Answer: T

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Page ref: 414 19. The emperor of Japan during World War II was Hirohito.

Answer: T Page ref: 398 20. Robert Rauschenberg’s Odalisk (fig. 23.13) is a painting that depicts a woman in a Turkish harem.

Answer: F Page ref: 408 21. In Learning from Las Vegas, the architect Robert Venturi suggests that the eclectic rearrangement of a variety of styles, signs, and symbols composes a new kind of unity.

Answer: T Page ref: 413 22. Marisol Escobar’s work is created in the Minimalist style.

Answer: F Page ref: 411 23. Leonard Bernstein was successful at popularizing not only classical music, but also at classicizing popular music.

Answer: T Page ref: 415 24. Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett portrays two tramps, Vladimir and Estragon, and draws heavily on the farcical gestures of vaudeville performers and circus clowns.

Answer: T Page ref: 406 25. Mark Rothko was an Abstract Expressionist artist.

Answer: T Page ref: 401-403 26. Sol LeWitt is classified as a Pop art sculptor.

Answer: F Page ref: 411 27. Le Corbusier is the nickname of the sculptor Alexander Calder.

Answer: F Page ref: 404

Short Answer 28. What was the most significant effect of World War II and why?

29. How do Jean-Paul Sartre’s, Simone de Beauvoir’s and Søren Kierkegaard’s philosophical views of Existentialism differ?

30. Compare Jackson Pollock’s Autumn Rhythm: Number 30 and Helen Frankenthaler’s Mauve District to explain what unified the diverse works of the Abstract Expressionists.

31. How should one define the International Style of architecture and which work serves as the paradigm of this style?

32. What are the major principles of the Bauhaus?

33. Who were the Gutai artists and what influenced their art production?

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34. Examine the idea behind the “Theater of the Absurd.”

35. Explain the importance of coffee to a variety of world cultures.

36. What elements of society did the Beat generation of writers critique? Give an example of a Beat work.

37. Describe the variety of musical forms that were popularized after World War II.

Essay 38. What was the impact of existentialist thought on twentieth-century art and literature in America and Europe?

39. Compare and contrast the Guggenheim Museum to the Center National d’Art et Culture Georges Pompidou.

40. Benton and DiYanni assert that “as consumerism increasingly preoccupied American life, artists and intellectuals turned their attention to the cycle of production, consumption, and waste that defined experience.” Select at least three works of art, music, and literature to respond to this statement.

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Chapter 24: Diversity in Contemporary Life Multiple Choice 1. __________ is the chief practitioner of Poststructuralism.

A. Roland Barthes B. Jacques Derrida C. Søren Kierkegaard D. Jean-Paul Sartre E. Simone de Beauvoir Answer: B Page ref: 437-438 2. Arguably, __________ has had the greatest impact on the public’s opinion of women in the arts.

A. Marisol B. Eleanor Antin C. Betye Saar D. Cindy Sherman E. Judy Chicago Answer: E Page ref: 430 3. The approach to culture called Structuralism was developed by __________.

A. Roland Barthes B. Jacques Derrida C. Jean-Paul Sartre D. Søren Kierkegaard E. Emanuel Kant Answer: A Page ref: 437 4. Eleanor Antin is known for her __________.

A. series of personae B. sculptural installations C. mural paintings D. photographic self-portraits E. novels and plays Answer: A Page ref: 431 5. In Judy Chicago’s sculptural installation, The Dinner Party (fig. 24.2) the individual place settings were set for __________.

A. apostles of Jesus B. women who had been abused C. mythological figures D. a coven of witches E. women Chicago considered the most important women in Western art and history Answer: E Page ref: 430 6. __________ photographed herself in a variety of “self-portraits,” whose variety and artificiality serve to announce that the “self” is a fictionalized construction.

A. Judy Chicago B. Cindy Sherman C. Lisa Fifield D. Eleanor Antin

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E. Susan Rothenberg Answer: B Page ref: 429 7. Lisa Fifield has painted a large number of canvases devoted to the traditions and beliefs of __________ Americans.

A. Chinese B. Latin C. Native D. African E. European Answer: C Page ref: 433 8. __________ achieved notoriety as “Samo,” a grafitti artist writing on walls in Soho and Tribeca.

A. Judith F. Baca B. Betye Saar C. Roy Licthenstein D. Jean-Michel Basquiat E. Andy Warhol Answer: D Page ref: 431 9. __________ is the artist directing and facilitating the Great Wall of Los Angeles (fig. 24.6) begun in 1976.

A. Wen-Ying Tsai B. Judith F. Baca C. Mariko Mori D. Cindy Sherman E. Susan Rothenberg Answer: B Page ref: 432 10. Leslie Marmon Silko’s __________ “reflects the intersection of the spiritual and material worlds, as well as connections between history and personal experience.”

A. The Bluest Eye B. Storyteller C. Silent Dancing D. The Way to Rainy Mountain E. “When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision” Answer: B Page ref: 439 11. __________ is the focus of the Guerilla Girls.

A. The gender inequities in the art scene B. The nudity of female art figures C. The need for more minority representation in art gallery attendance D. The need to make art galleries handicapped accessible E. both A and C Answer: A Page ref: 430-431 12. The stories of Maxine Hong Kingston’s Woman Warrior derive from the Chinese “talk story,” a Cantonese tradition that is __________.

A. only about 75 years old B. taken from Korean tradition C. kept alive mainly by men

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D. kept alive mainly by women E. performed in open-air markets Answer: D Page ref: 438-439 13. Throughout the 1960s and into the 1970s, American society underwent a shift in attitude and structure largely as a result of three major catalysts for change; __________ is not one of them.

A. the Vietnam War B. the Women’s Movement C. the Korean War D. the Civil Rights Movement E. none of the above Answer: C Page ref: 428 14. In Charles the First (fig. 24.5) Jean-Michel Basquiat pays homage to __________.

A. Charlie Parker B. Charles DeGaulle C. Prince Charles D. Charles I of England E. Charles Kuralt Answer: A Page ref: 431 15. Adrienne Rich is an important spokesperson for the __________.

A. Native American peoples B. Vietnam veterans C. feminist consciousness D. civil rights movement E. workers’ movement Answer: C Page ref: 438

True/False 16. The Great Wall of Los Angeles (fig. 24.6) was begun in 1982.

Answer: F Page ref: 432 17. Vaclav Havel was the first president of the post-Soviet Czech Republic.

Answer: T Page ref: 440 18. The Guerrilla Girls was a groundbreaking play of the 1970s.

Answer: F Page ref: 430 19. Globalization refers to the tendency in contemporary societies toward an increasing pluralism.

Answer: F Page ref: 440 20. Lisa Fifield’s Ghost Dancers Ascending (fig. 24.7) is part of a series of canvases based on the massacre at Wounded Knee.

Answer: T Page ref: 433

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21. The work of Adrienne Rich is a paradigm of the feminist backlash.

Answer: F Page ref: 438 22. M. Scott Momaday received a Pulitzer Prize for his novel House Made of Dawn.

Answer: T Page ref: 439 23. Postmodernism is a celebration and continuation of the tenets of Modernism.

Answer: F Page ref: 428-429

Short Answer 24. List as many aspects of Postmodernism as possible.

25. Name the three catalysts for change that occurred during the 1960s and 1970s.

26. What is “Semiotics”?

27. Define “Deconstruction” and give an example of its use.

28. What has been the single most important development in the art world in the last three decades and why?

29. What are the four identities that Andreas Huyssen demarcated?

30. What is meant by the term “Cyborg Surrealism,” what artist do Benton and DiYanni associate the term with, and why?

31. What are the pros and cons of globalization?

32. What did the Magicians of the Earth exhibition of 1989 underscore about globalization and world art?

33. List the key differences between western and non-western art as delineated by Benton and DiYanni.

Essay 34. Explore the participation of recognition of female artists in the past twenty years in the United States.

35. What function does identity play in art and art criticism in the late twentieth-century? Be sure to examine particular works to prove the point.

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