Technology Commercialization
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Technology Commercialization focuses on the process of bringing innovative technologies from the research and development stage to the marketplace. The course examines how to evaluate the commercial potential of new technologies, navigate intellectual property rights, and develop business models for successful technology transfer. Students will explore market analysis techniques, funding strategies including venture capital, and licensing negotiations. Real-world case studies and hands-on activities will provide practical insights into managing the risks and rewards of technology ventures, with an emphasis on transforming innovative ideas into viable products or services.
Recommended Textbook
Strategic Management of Technological Innovation 5th Edition by Schilling
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13 Chapters
520 Verified Questions
520 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Technological innovation decreases the amount of output achievable from a given quantity of labor and capital.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) If a country's GDP stands at $4,867 billion,it means that the country's _____ is worth $4,867 billion.
A) total annual output
B) investment on technological innovation
C) savings with the World Bank
D) negative variance in budget
Answer: A
Q3) Externalities are costs that are borne by individuals other than those responsible for creating them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Sources of Innovation
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the most important intellectual abilities for creative thinking? What is the impact of knowledge on creativity?
Answer: An individual's creative ability is a function of his or her intellectual abilities,knowledge,style of thinking,personality,motivation,and environment.The most important intellectual abilities for creative thinking include the ability to look at problems in unconventional ways,the ability to analyze which ideas are worth pursuing and which are not,and the ability to articulate those ideas to others and convince others that the ideas are worthwhile.The impact of knowledge on creativity is somewhat double-edged.If an individual has too little knowledge of a field,he or she is unlikely to understand it well enough to contribute meaningfully to it.On the other hand,if an individual knows a field too well,that person can become trapped in the existing logic and paradigms,preventing him or her from coming up with solutions that require an alternative perspective.Thus,an individual with only a moderate degree of knowledge of a field might be able to produce more creative solutions than an individual with extensive knowledge of the field.
Q2) Innovation often originates with those who create solutions for their own needs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Types and Patterns of Innovation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Product innovations are more important than process innovations to organizations because they are less visible than process innovations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In the context of s-curve in technological improvement,plotting performance against time will result in the same characteristic curve as plotting performance against effort only if:
A) speed, a function of performance, is relatively constant over time.
B) effort is relatively constant over time.
C) power, a function of performance, is relatively inconsistent over time.
D) effort varies over time.
Answer: B
Q3) The path a technology follows through time is termed as technology trajectory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Standards Battles and Design Dominance
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Sample Questions
Q1) When are winner-take-all markets good for consumers?
A) When monopoly costs exceed the value of network externality returns
B) When monopoly costs exceed the value of technological utility
C) When the monopoly cost curve is extremely steep
D) When the value of technology utility and network externality returns exceeds monopoly costs
Q2) Though learning curves are found in a wide range of organizational processes,there are substantial differences in the rates at which organizations learn.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Future Electronics Inc.'s body scanning machine has been adopted by majority of the healthcare market.As a result,the company demands a high price from its customers,which mainly include hospitals.It is not investing much on innovation and its product variety is also very low.This cost borne by the users in this case is referred to as:
A) marginal cost.
B) social cost.
C) monopoly cost.
D) deferred cost.
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Chapter 5: Timing of Entry
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Sample Questions
Q1) A disadvantage of using parallel development processes is that it greatly lengthens the new product development time.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following calls for an early entry into a market?
A) Immature enabling technologies
B) Unavailability of complementary goods
C) High customer uncertainty
D) Low entry barriers
Q3) First movers typically invest more in exploratory research than late entrants.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Since SmartShoe Inc.is the market leader in the gliding shoe market,it enjoys an excellent reputation.It is the pioneer of this new market and currently holds 40 percent market share.Now,SmartShoe wants to introduce a new range of orthopedic shoes.Discuss how its reputation might affect the new product's acceptance among distributors and consumers.
Q5) All pioneers face customer uncertainty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Defining the Organizations Strategic Direction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the danger of not having a strategic intent? In your answer,assume your company operates a hospital in a city with a population of 30,000 people,located about 50 miles away from a large city.
Q2) A strategic stakeholder analysis emphasizes the stakeholder management issues a firm ought to attend to due to their ethical or moral implications.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Prahalad and Hamel's model,it is possible for a firm to develop core competencies to a set of abilities that enable it to quickly reconfigure its organizational structure and routines in response to new opportunities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Path dependency refers to the abilities that make a firm more agile and responsive to change.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the influences on the threat of potential entrants into a market according to Porter's five-force model.
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Chapter 7: Choosing Innovation Projects
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Sample Questions
Q1) From a real options perspective,the exercise price associated with commercializing a new technology would include the cost of manufacturing,marketing,and distributing the technology.
A)True
B)False
Q2) NewDigger Inc.makes backhoes for digging ditches and trenches.It has developed an acid that,when poured on the ground,reduces the time and labor required to dig trenches of various depths,depending on how much is applied.The firm has recently started using this product commercially.This would most probably be considered a(n)_____ project for NewDigger.
A) derivative
B) platform
C) breakthrough
D) additive
Q3) Calculating the internal rate of return of a project typically must be done by trial and error.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Collaboration Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Product life cycles shorten with high-speed technological changes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Allured Architecture Inc.collaborated with Maze & Matiz Corp.to form a new architecture firm called AllureAmaze Inc.Both the firms had a significant equity stake in the new entity.This collaboration would most accurately be termed a(n)_____.
A) licensing project
B) joint venture
C) outsourcing maneuver
D) contract alliance
Q3) _____ offers a fast way for a firm to extend the reach of its technology that is nearly free and offers the potential for royalties.
A) Licensing out a technology
B) Forming a joint venture
C) Solo internal development
D) Vertical integration
Q4) What are the characteristics of collective research organizations?
Q5) How can firms evaluate potential partners?
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Chapter 9: Protecting Innovation
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the knowledge underlying a particular technology is tacit,competitors will typically find it very easy to duplicate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A service mark distinguishes the provider of a service rather than a product.
A)True
B)False
Q3) George has come up with a new computer program to help sellers manage online auctions at sites such as eBay.It is more efficient than just using a spreadsheet to track auctions.He would like his program to become the dominant design,but he also wants to earn a profit from all his hard work.What can George do to most effectively meet both these objectives?
Q4) A common set of international copyright laws automatically protects an author's work throughout the world.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In the United States,there are no laws to protect trade secrets.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Organizing for Innovation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of standardization?
A) It can ensure that activities within a firm run smoothly and yield predictable outcomes.
B) It is defined as the degree to which a firm utilizes rules, procedures, and written documentation to structure the behavior of employees.
C) It involves the use of organic structures instead of mechanistic ones.
D) It encourages the creativity and experimentation that leads to innovative ideas.
Q2) The transnational approach to R&D leverages resources and capabilities that exist anywhere within a firm and deploys them when and where any opportunity arises.
A)True B)False
Q3) As a firm grows,it becomes more difficult to exercise direct managerial oversight. A)True B)False
Q4) What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of large firms in terms of R&D?
Q5) Explain why a mechanistic organizational structure stifles creativity.
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12
Chapter 11: Managing the New Product Development Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the stage-gate process developed by Robert G Cooper, _____ are the results of the previous stage and are the inputs for the gate review.
A) criteria
B) outputs
C) deliverables
D) beta versions
Q2) Many firms use beta testing to get customer input early in the development process.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Three-dimensional printing can generate a model in a few hours.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A firm can benefit from developing "antichampions."
A)True
B)False
Q5) Using computer-aided design (CAD)to build and test product design increases cycle time.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 12: Managing New Product Development Teams
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Q1) Which of the following is a defining characteristic of autonomous teams?
A) Autonomous teams are not held accountable for the success of a project.
B) Autonomous teams do not have a project manager, which leads to constant problems with coordination of activities.
C) The degree of cross-functional integration is low in autonomous teams.
D) Autonomous teams often do not conform to the operating procedures of the rest of the organization.
Q2) In heavyweight teams,the long-term career development of individual members rests with their project managers rather than their functional managers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ruth works in the advertising department of her company.It was observed that she interacted more frequently and more intensely with team members who shared her interests and social background,but ignored others.This phenomenon exhibited by Ruth is referred to as:
A) free riding.
B) social loafing.
C) homophily.
D) groupthink.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Crafting a Deployment Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cannibalization is the process by which a firm's sales of one product diminish due to a substitute product offering by a competitor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n)_____ price strategy is a short-run strategy that prices goods to cover variable costs and some fixed costs,and it is used by firms in industries plagued with intense price competition.
A) market skimming
B) penetration
C) survival
D) economy
Q3) The Rocketingbusiness.com Web site offers large volumes of business research information for no cost.If a user is interested in more comprehensive information and business consultation,the site offers these services for a premium fee.This is typically an example of _____ pricing model.
A) penetration
B) market skimming
C) survival
D) freemium
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Page 15