Research Methods in Nursing
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Research Methods in Nursing introduces students to the fundamental principles and techniques of scientific inquiry tailored to nursing practice. The course covers qualitative and quantitative research designs, sampling strategies, data collection methods, ethical considerations, and critical appraisal of research literature. Through lectures, discussions, and practical assignments, students learn to formulate research questions, design studies, interpret findings, and apply evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes. Emphasis is placed on developing analytical skills and cultivating a critical understanding of the research process as it relates to advancing nursing knowledge and practice.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 6th Edition by Grove
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a research question for an experimental study? (Choose all that apply.)
A) What is it like to live with asthma?
B) Do children who have an updated asthma action plan have fewer missed school days caused by asthma?
C) Which asthma triggers influence poor attitudes about chronic disease?
D) Which bronchodilator medication has fewer side effects?
Answer: B,D
Q2) What role will a new nurse graduate who has a BSN expect to play in research?
A) Appraising studies and implementing evidence-based guidelines and protocols.
B) Developing, evaluating, and revising evidence-based guidelines and protocols.
C) None, since the BSN affords limited education on the research process.
D) Synthesizing findings and leading health care teams to make evidence-based changes.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basic research seeks to:
A) directly influence clinical practice.
B) generate knowledge for knowledge's sake.
C) predict or control outcomes of variables.
D) validate or test theoretical frameworks.
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher conducts a review of relevant literature prior to developing a research study in order to:
A) avoid duplication of research ideas.
B) determine which theoretical framework is best adapted to the research problem.
C) determine which type of study would be most cost-effective.
D) identify what is known and unknown about a particular problem.
Answer: D
Q3) How is theory tested in quantitative research?
A) Assumptions about the theoretical framework are evaluated.
B) Concepts become more clearly defined as they are tested.
C) Relationships among concepts are tested.
D) The entire theory is proven or disproven.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the purpose of qualitative research?
A) To allow researchers to interject their own values into studies
B) To describe data that cannot be measured or quantified
C) To describe experiences and insight from the subject's perspective
D) To establish causal relationships among subjective data
Answer: C
Q2) What may characterize questions asked by the researcher during an exploratory-descriptive study?
A) A focus on participants' biographical information
B) Using structured individual questions
C) One main question with -follow-up questions
D) Open-ended questions with probes to follow up
Answer: B
Q3) When gathering data for a study using observational methods,it is important for the data collector to:
A) be observant of all that is done and said and unsaid.
B) direct subjects by setting the stage through structured questions.
C) record those actions and words that are related to the focus of the study.
D) participate directly with subjects in order to better understand them.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ethical principles of respect for persons,beneficence,and justice are considered essential elements in research involving human subjects.In which document are these principles identified?
A) Declaration of Helsinki
B) Department of Health, Education, and Welfare regulations
C) National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects in the Belmont Report
D) Nuremberg Code
Q2) A subject's right to fair selection and treatment in a study is related to which ethical principle?
A) Beneficence
B) Justice
C) Privacy
D) Respect for persons
Q3) Which federal agency was established to manage investigations of misconduct in research?
A) Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW)
B) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D) Office of Research Integrity (ORI)
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Research Problems,Purposes,and Hypotheses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse researcher states that a research purpose is to measure the effects of bar code medication administration on medication errors.This is a study purpose for which type of research?
A) Correlational
B) Grounded theory
C) Outcomes
D) Quasi-experimental
Q2) Which is true about an operational variable in quantitative research?
A) It is developed so that the degree of its existence can be measured.
B) It is often derived from a theoretical definition of a related concept.
C) It is specific to the time and setting of the research study.
D) It provides the theoretical meaning of a variable.
Q3) During a study to measure the effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior,the researchers learned that a portion of the subjects lived in homes with one or more alcoholic parents.In this study,the presence of an alcoholic parent is a(n):
A) confounding variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) unrecognized variable.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Sample Questions
Q1) When determining the reliability of a website resource in a literature review,it is important to determine:
A) accessibility of the website information.
B) costs of retrieving website information.
C) sponsorship of website information.
D) whether website information is also published conventionally.
Q2) After a literature search has yielded a list of articles,an efficient way to identify relevant studies during a literature search is to review:
A) an electronic database search history.
B) only experimental studies.
C) reference lists in other studies.
D) study abstracts.
Q3) A step just prior to beginning a literature search using an electronic database is to:
A) decide how many articles are needed.
B) determine the type of study.
C) identify keywords for the search.
D) perform a Google search.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is an important characteristic of a variable?
A) It is broad and encompasses several ideas.
B) It is constant from one instance to another.
C) It is less specific than a concept.
D) It is measurable and changeable.
Q2) The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention.The nurse identifies various health promotion activities-such as proper diet,exercise,and hours of sleep per night-as components of self-care.In this example,"hours of sleep" is a:
A) concept.
B) construct.
C) theory.
D) variable.
Q3) Which nursing theorist developed a grand nursing theory?
A) Brennaman
B) Orem
C) Pender
D) Swanson
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a quasi-experimental study examining the effects of nonpharmacologic treatments on postoperative pain management,the researcher trains nursing staff so that all experimental group subjects receive the same types of treatments.This is an example of:
A) bias.
B) manipulation.
C) reliability.
D) validity.
Q2) Which type of research design focuses on implementation of a treatment by the researcher?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Experimental
D) Longitudinal
Q3) In a quasi-experimental study design,the group that receives standard care is usually referred to as the:
A) comparison group.
B) control group.
C) experimental group.
D) treatment group.
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher conducting a qualitative study knows that saturation of information has occurred when:
A) additional sampling reveals redundant information.
B) data collected confirms theoretical models.
C) subjects participating are representative of the general population.
D) the desired sample size has been reached.
Q2) The goal of sampling theory is to:
A) clearly define sample types used in research studies.
B) determine the best way to achieve representative samples.
C) develop methods for collecting data more efficiently.
D) provide frameworks for data analysis.
Q3) A nurse researcher compares the outcomes of administration of a bronchodilator either via nebulizer or by metered-dose inhaler and collects data on subjects in a pediatric inpatient hospital unit.This is an example of which type of setting?
A) Controlled
B) Field
C) Natural
D) Partially controlled
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nursing professor administers three versions of a final exam to a class of students and compares the exams for reliability.This is a measure of:
A) homogeneity.
B) interrater reliability
C) equivalence.
D) test-retest reliability.
Q2) A researcher evaluates scores of a paper and pencil instrument with dichotomous variables using the Kuder-Richardson formula.This is a test of:
A) alternate forms reliability.
B) internal consistency reliability.
C) interrater reliability.
D) test-retest reliability.
Q3) A researcher notes a reliability score of 0.75 between two observers in a clinical drug trial evaluating whether the drug decreases anxiety.This score means that:
A) there is 25% random error.
B) there is 75% random error.
C) this is an acceptable measure of reliability.
D) this measurement tool is not reliable.
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher conducts a power analysis for a study in which there was no difference between control and experimental group scores and identifies a power level of 0.75 and a level of significance of 0.05.What will this researcher do?
A) Alter measurement methods to detect larger changes in scores
B) Conclude that the null hypothesis is true
C) Consider repeating the study using a larger sample
D) Lower the level of significance to 0.01.
Q2) A researcher has calculated a variance of 9 for a data set.What is this data set's standard deviation?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Q3) An important goal of inferential statistical analysis is to:
A) analyze and describe data collected during a study.
B) determine whether theoretical constructs are valid.
C) generalize results from the study to the target population.
D) measure the reliability and validity of measurement tools.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A reviewer is asked to critically appraise a report to help determine whether funding will be allocated for a research study.This reviewer will be appraising a research:
A) abstract.
B) article.
C) literature review.
D) proposal.
Q2) When reading a research article in a refereed journal,the nurse researcher is assured that the article:
A) describes a study undergoing review.
B) has been previously published.
C) is printed in abstract form only.
D) is of high quality and standards.
Q3) When establishing that a researcher has produced a result consistent with the views of the participants interviewed for a study,the critical appraiser has determined which strength of a qualitative study?
A) Confirmability
B) Credibility
C) Dependability
D) Trustworthiness
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) What must a researcher describe to identify that a comprehensive,systematic literature search was conducted?
A) All key search terms and databases used in the search
B) A list of grey literature sources used in the review
C) The date restrictions applied to the literature search
D) The use of literature only from prestigious journals
Q2) When using the Stetler Model of research utilization,the nurse researcher reviews the risks,resources,and readiness of staff associated with making changes in practice based on evidence.Which part of the model is this?
A) Phase I: Preparation
B) Phase II: Validation
C) Phase III: Comparative Evaluation
D) Phase IV: Translation/Application
Q3) In a meta-analysis,the researcher displays a symmetrical funnel plot of the data from a group of studies.This indicates:
A) heterogenicity of study samples.
B) limited publication bias.
C) methodological bias.
D) reporting bias.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Outcomes Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which organization includes nursing-sensitive outcomes measures in its performance measurement portfolio?
A) Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality
B) Department of Health and Human Services
C) National Guideline Clearinghouse
D) National Quality Forum
Q2) What type of sample is generally used in outcomes studies?
A) Small sample
B) Heterogeneous sample
C) Homogeneous sample
D) Volunteer sample
Q3) Which is an example of a type of nursing service that might be evaluated in outcomes research?
A) Application of wound care products
B) Clinical care protocol implementation
C) Glucose monitoring for newly diagnosed diabetics
D) Using a Braden Scale for skin assessment
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