Introduction to Statistics Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Statistics provides students with a foundational understanding of statistical concepts and methods used to collect, analyze, interpret, and present data. The course covers topics such as descriptive statistics, probability, sampling distributions, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, correlation, and regression analysis. Through practical examples and the use of statistical software, students develop critical thinking skills to evaluate data and make informed decisions in diverse academic and real-world contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Stats Data and Models 1st Canadian Edition by Richard D. De Veaux
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Chapter 1: Data
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Q1) The number of people on a jury
A)Quantitative
B)Categorical
Answer: A
Q2) A Fortune 500 company concerned about the retirement investments made by its employees,collected the following data: age of employee,amount contributed monthly,and type of contribution.
A)Age of employee,quantitative,years;amount contributed monthly,quantitative,dollars;type of contribution,quantitative,dollars.
B)Age of employee,quantitative,years;amount contributed monthly,categorical;type of contribution,categorical;
C)Age of employee,quantitative,years;amount contributed monthly,quantitative,dollars;type of contribution,categorical;Fortune 500 companies,categorical.
D)Age of employee,quantitative,years;amount contributed monthly,quantitative,dollars;type of contribution,categorical.
E)Age of employee,quantitative,years;amount contributed monthly,quantitative,dollars.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Displaying and Describing Categorical Data
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Q1) Of the 1,606 applicants to a college program,456 were Black or Hispanic,300 were Asian,and 850 were White.Summarize the relative frequency distribution of ethnicity with a sentence or two in the proper context.
A)Of the 1,606 students who applied for admission to the college program,3% were Black or Hispanic,2% were Asian,and 5% were White.
B)Of the 1,606 students who applied for admission to the college program,54% were Black or Hispanic,35% were Asian,and 53% were White.
C)Of the 1,606 students who applied for admission to the college program,14% were Black,14% were Hispanic,19% were Asian,and 53% were White.
D)Of the 1,606 students accepted in the college program,28% were Black or Hispanic,19% were Asian,and 53% were White.
E)Of the 1,606 students who applied for admission to the college program,28% were Black or Hispanic,19% were Asian,and 53% were White.
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Displaying and Summarizing Quantitative Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which class had the highest median score?
A)Class 1 and class 3
B)Class 2
C)Class 1
D)Class 3
E)None,because the classes had the same median.
Answer: B
Q2) For which class are the mean and median most different?
A)Class 2,because the shape is skewed to the right.
B)Class 1,because the shape is skewed to the left.
C)Class 2,because the shape is skewed to the left.
D)Class 2,because the shape is symmetric.
E)Class 3,because the shape is symmetric.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Understanding and Comparing Distributions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which class had the smallest standard deviation?
A)Class 3,because the shape is symmetric and unimodal.
B)Class 1,because the shape is fairly symmetric and uniform.
C)Class 3,because the shape has the highest number of students.
D)Class 2,because the shape is skewed.
E)None,because the classes had the same standard deviation.
Q2) Which class had the highest median score?
A)Class 2
B)Class 1 and class 3
C)Class 3
D)Class 1
E)None,because the classes had the same median.
Q3) Which class had the smallest IQR?
A)Class 1,because the shape is fairly symmetric and uniform.
B)Class 3,because the shape has the highest number of students.
C)Class 2,because the shape is skewed.
D)Class 3,because the shape is symmetric and unimodal.
E)None,because all the classes had the same IQR.
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6
Chapter 5: The Standard Deviation As a Ruler and the
Normal Model
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Sample Questions
Q1) Here are some statistics for the annual Wildcat golf tournament: lowest score = 58,mean score = 95,median = 103,range = 92,IQR = 110,Q1 = 38,standard deviation = 15.Suppose it was very windy and all the golfers' scores went up by 7 strokes.Tell the new value for each of the summary statistics.
A)Lowest score: 65,mean: 102,median: 110,range: 92,IQR: 110,Q1: 45,SD: 15
B)Lowest score: 65,mean: 102,median: 110,range: 85,IQR: 110,Q1: 45,SD: 15
C)Lowest score: 65,mean: 102,median: 110,range: 85,IQR: 117,Q1: 45,SD: 15
D)Lowest score: 65,mean: 95,median: 103,range: 85,IQR: 110,Q1: 45,SD: 15
E)Lowest score: 65,mean: 102,median: 110,range: 85,IQR: 110,Q1: 45,SD: 22
Q2) The speed vehicles travelled on a local road was recorded for one month.The speeds ranged from 50 km/h to 65 km/h with a mean speed of 55 km/h and a standard deviation of 7 km/h.The quartiles and median speeds were 53 km/h,62 km/h,and 52 km/h.Is the distribution symmetric,skewed to the left,or skewed to the right? Explain.
A)Skewed to the right,mean lower than median.
B)Skewed to the right,mean higher than median.
C)Skewed to the left,mean higher than median.
D)Skewed to the left,mean lower than median.
E)Symmetric,mean higher than median.
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Chapter 6: Scatterplots, association, and Correlation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A teacher studied students' grades and established with a scatterplot a strong correlation between SAT scores and college grades.Find the lurking variable,if there is one.
A)College
B)High school
C)IQ
D)Attendance
E)No lurking variable
Q2) A researcher studies children in elementary school and finds a strong positive linear association between shoe size and reading skills.Find the lurking variable,if there is one.
A)School
B)Grade of students
C)Shoe brand
D)Age
E)No lurking variable
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Chapter 7: Linear Regression
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Q1) A random sample of records of electricity usage of homes gives the amount of electricity used in July and size (in square feet)of 135 homes.A regression to predict the amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)from size was completed.The residuals plot indicated that a linear model is appropriate.What are the variables and units in this regression?
A)Amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is y and size (in square feet)is x.
B)Amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is y and number of homes is x.
C)Size (in square feet)is y and amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is x.
D)Size (in square feet)is y and number of homes is x.
E)Number of homes is y and amount of electricity used (in kilowatt-hours)is x.
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Chapter 8: Regression Wisdom
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Q1) An economist noticed that nations with more TV sets have higher life expectancy.He established a strong positive association between length of life and number of TV sets.Describe three different possible cause-and-effect relationships that might be present.
A)Perhaps more TV sets cause higher life expectancy,higher life expectancy cause more TV sets,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the wealth of the nation.
B)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: more TV sets cause higher life expectancy.
C)Perhaps more TV sets cause higher life expectancy,higher life expectancy cause more TV sets,or both could be caused by a lurking variable such as the TV sets brand.
D)There is only one cause-and-effect relationship: higher life expectancy cause more TV sets.
E)There are only two cause-and-effect relationships: more TV sets cause higher life expectancy,or higher life expectancy cause more TV sets.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relationship between two quantities x and y is examined.The relationship appears to be fairly linear.A linear model is considered,and the regression analysis is as follows:
Dependent variable: y
R-squared = 87.9%
VARIABLE COEFFICIENT
Intercept 37.74
X -9.97
What does the slope say about the relationship between x and y?
A)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average decrease in y is 9.97.
B)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average increase in y is 37.74.
C)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average decrease in y is 37.74.
D)For each increase in x of 1,the corresponding average increase in y is 9.97.
E)For each increase in x of 1,y decreases by and average of 87.9%.
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Chapter 10: Understanding Randomness
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Sample Questions
Q1) For each time up at bat,a baseball player has a 70% chance of making an out,a 10% chance of getting walked,and a 20% chance of getting a hit.Estimate the probability that,out of 5 at-bats,the player gets at least one hit.Use 30 simulation runs.
A)About 90%
B)About 20%
C)About 30%
D)100%
E)About 70%
Q2) You take a surprise quiz in your astronomy class with 12 multiple-choice questions.You estimated that you would have about a 80% chance of getting any individual question correct.What are your chances of getting them all right? Your simulation should use at least 20 runs.
A)9.6
B)429,981,696
C)96
D)7.3003721
E)0.06871948
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Chapter 11: Sample Surveys
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Sample
Questions
Q1) A magazine publisher always mails out a questionnaire five months before a subscription ends.This questionnaire asks its subscribers if they are going to renew their subscriptions.On average,only 3% of the subscribers respond to the questionnaire.Of the 3% who do respond,an average of 44% say that they will renew their subscription.The value 44% is known as what?
A)The sampling method
B)The bias
C)The population
D)The sample statistic
E)The population parameter of interest
Q2) The human resources department of a large,well-known telecommunications firm would like to know the job satisfaction of the employees working at its company.This HR department hires an outside,impartial consultant to sample its management and its non-management employees separately.For this scenario,what is the best sampling method to use?
A)Cluster sampling
B)Voluntary response sampling
C)Stratified sampling
D)Convenience sampling
E)Attempted census
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Experiments and Observational Surveys
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Sample Questions
Q1) 780 patients suffering from high blood pressure were randomly assigned to one of three groups.Over a four-month period,the first group received an experimental drug,the second group received a placebo,and the third group received no treatment.The diastolic blood pressure of each participant was measured at the beginning and at the end of the period and the change in blood pressure was recorded.The biggest decrease in blood pressure was for those who received the drug.
A)Retrospective observational study
B)Prospective observational study
C)Experiment
Q2) A manufacturer of tennis rackets would like to test their new racket.The company sponsors 10 tennis players who will be playing at Wimbledon.To test the racket,they have each player serve 30 times with their old racket.Then they have each player serve 30 times with the new racket.They compare the percentage of good serves with the two rackets.Identify the flaw(s)in this experiment and suggest some improvements.
Q3) Researchers reported that for men,being unmarried increases the risk of depression.These findings were based on the medical records of 400 married men and 500 unmarried men.Why is this conclusion not justified?
Q4) Explain the difference between an observational study and an experiment.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: From Randomness to Probability
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a business class,40% of the students have never taken a statistics class,15% have taken only one semester of statistics,and the rest have taken two or more semesters of statistics.The professor randomly assigns students to groups of three to work on a project for the course.What is the probability that the first group mate you meet has studied two or more semesters of statistics?
A)0.55
B)0.85
C)0.15
D)0.45
E)0.60
Q2) A random spinner can land on red,green,blue,or yellow.If on the first three spins it lands once each on red,green,and yellow,is it more likely to land on blue on the fourth spin?
A)Yes,because every color is equally likely to occur.
B)Yes,because the Probability Assignment Rule dictates that all outcomes should occur.
C)No,because the spins are disjoint events.
D)Yes,because the spinner shows randomness,not chaos.
E)No,because knowing one outcome will not affect the next.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Probability Rules
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the small town,a certain type of Blu-ray player is sold at just two stores.33% of the sales are from store A and 67% of the sales are from store B.2.8% of the Blu-ray players sold at store A are defective while 3.7% of the Blu-ray players sold at store B are defective.If Kate receives one of these Blu-ray players as a gift and finds that it is defective,what is the probability that it came from store A?
A)0.373
B)0.028
C)0.33
D)0.728
E)0.272
Q2) You are dealt a hand of three cards,one at a time.Find the probability that your cards are all face cards.
A)0.025
B)0.013
C)0.012
D)0.010
E)0.250
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16
Chapter 15: Random Variables
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Sample Questions
Q1) You pick a card from a deck.If you get a club,you win $80.If not,you get to draw again (after replacing the first card).If you get a club the second time,you win $30.If not,you lose.Find the standard deviation of the amount you will win.
A)$1,112.11
B)$38.07
C)$30.68
D)$28.35
E)$33.35
Q2) A couple plans to have children until they get a boy,but they agree that they will not have more than four children even if all are girls.Find the expected number of children they will have.Assume that boys and girls are equally likely.Round your answer to three decimal places.
A)1.625
B)1.750
C)2.500
D)1.938
E)1.875
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Chapter 16: Probability Models
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Q1) In one city,police estimate that 78% of drivers wear their seat belts.They set up a safety roadblock and they stop drivers to check for seat belt use.If 160 drivers are stopped,what's the probability they find at least 30 not wearing their seat belts?
A)0.575
B)0.161
C)0.788
D)0.839
E)0.425
Q2) Suppose that in one city,79% of cars parked at meters still have time remaining on the meter.How many cars should a meter maid expect to check before finding one at an expired meter?
A)0.79
B)79
C)21
D)4.76
E)1.27
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18
Chapter 17: Sampling Distribution Models
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Q1) Based on past experience,a bank believes that 9% of the people who receive loans will not make payments on time.The bank has recently approved 300 loans.Describe the sampling distribution model of the proportion of clients in this group who may not make timely payments.
A)Binom(300,9%)
B)N(9%,0.5%)
C)N(91%,1.7%)
D)N(9%,1.7%)
E)There is not enough information to describe the distribution.
Q2) Some experts estimate that the length of time people live in a house has a mean of 7.3 years and a standard deviation of 2.2 years.Explain why you could estimate the probability that 100 people selected at random had lived in their houses for an average of 9 years or more,but you could not estimate the probability that an individual had done so.
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Chapter 18: Confidence Intervals for Proportions
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Q1) How much fat do reduced fat cookies typically have? You take a random sample of 120 reduced-fat cookies and test them in a lab,finding a mean fat content of 3.2 grams and a standard deviation of 1.9 grams of fat.Create a 99% confidence interval for the mean grams of fat.
A)(2.10,4.30)
B)(2.75,3.66)
C)(2.79,3.61)
D)(2.78,3.62)
E)(2.80,3.60)
Q2) Eighty randomly selected students took the calculus final.If the sample mean was 76 and the standard deviation was 8.1,construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean score of all students.
A)(71.92,80.08)
B)(71.94,80.06)
C)(73.49,78.51)
D)(75.63,82.37)
E)(73.49,80.06)
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Testing Hypotheses About Proportions
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Q1) A weight loss program provided a loss for 60% of its participants.The program leader decides to test a new weight loss strategy to see if it's better and gets a P-value of 0.21.Is it reasonable to conclude that the new strategy and the old one are equally effective?
Q2) Is the mean lifetime of particular type of car engine greater than 350,000 km? To test this claim,a sample of 100 engines is measured,yielding an average of 354,585 km and a standard deviation of 18515 km.
A)Reject the null hypothesis of =350,000 with a P-value of 0.0134.There is sufficient evidence that the mean engine lifetime is longer than 350,000 km.
B)Reject the null hypothesis of =350,000 with a P-value of 0.0066.There is sufficient evidence that the mean engine lifetime is longer than 350,000 km.
C)Fail to reject the null hypothesis of =350,000 with a P-value of 0.9934.There is not sufficient evidence that the mean engine lifetime is longer than 350,000 km.
D)Fail to reject the null hypothesis with a P-value of 0.0735.There is not sufficient evidence that the mean engine lifetime is longer than 350,000 km.
E)There is not enough information to perform the test.
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21
Chapter 20: More About Tests
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Q1) In April of 2011,the unemployment rate in Canada was reported to be 7.6%.Suppose that Statistics Canada claims that the current unemployment rate is lower than that of April 2011.To test their belief,they plan to take a random sample size of 1000 people.If they plan to perform the test at = 0.05 and the unemployment rate is currently 6.1%,what is the power of the test?
A)0.8547
B)0.0104
C)0.5636
D)0.9896
E)0.4364
Q2) Five years ago,a company found that 8% of its employees commuted to work by car.A survey investigates whether the current proportion of employees who commute by car to work is higher than it was five years ago.A test on employee commuting by car was done on a random sample of 1000 employees,and found car commuting to be 12%.Test an appropriate hypothesis using = 0.05 and state your conclusion.Be sure the appropriate assumptions and conditions are satisfied before you proceed.
Q3) A researcher has tested the difference between the means of a treatment group and a placebo group.With a P-value of 0.034,he concludes there is a difference.
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Chapter 21: Comparing Two Proportions
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Q1) A poll of randomly selected Canadians between the ages of 20 and 29 reports that 35 of 410 men and 59 of 398 women suffered from insomnia at least once a week during the past year.
Q2) A study investigated the smoking status of people in two age groups.A random sample of 100 people aged 20-24 revealed 24 who are smokers.A random sample of 120 people aged 25-29 revealed 15 who are smokers.
A)P-value = 0.0132;If there is no difference in the proportions,there is about a 1.32% chance of seeing the observed difference or larger by natural sampling variation.
B)P-value = 0.0264;If there is no difference in the proportions,there is about a 2.64% chance of seeing the observed difference or larger by natural sampling variation.
C)P-value = 0.9736;If there is no difference in the proportions,there is about a 97.36% chance of seeing the observed difference or larger by natural sampling variation.
D)P-value = 0.0264;There is about a 2.64% chance that the two proportions are equal.
E)P-value = 0.0132;There is about a 1.32% chance that the two proportions are equal.
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23
Chapter 22: Inferences About Means
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Q1) A scientist in Smallville tested the cholesterol of a random sample of 35 town residents.He constructed the following confidence interval: T-interval for : with 99.00% Confidence,188 < (Cholesterol)< 206
A)197
B)18
C)1.09
D)9
E)Not enough information is given.
Q2) Students investigating the packaging of chocolate chip cookies purchased 10 450-gram bags of a particular brand.They carefully weighed the contents of each bag,recording the following weights (in grams): 467.6,427.9,464.8,447.8,447.8,456.3,459.1,444.9,439.3,450.6.The students plan to test the hypothesis that the mean weight agrees with the company's stated weight on each bag.Decide whether or not the conditions and assumptions for inference with a t-test are satisfied.Explain your answer.
Q3) The principal of a high school randomly selected 30 students to take a math test.Of the 30 students who wrote the test,19 scored more than 75%,4 scored exactly 75%,and 7 scored below 75%.Perform a sign test to determine if the median score is greater than 50% using a 1% level of significance.
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Chapter 23: Comparing Means
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Q1) You wish to construct a 95% confidence interval to compare the mean measurement for two groups.A small pilot study yields sample standard deviations of 20 and 30 for Group 1 and Group 2,respectively.If we wish to obtain a margin of error of at most 10,what sample size should we take from each group? Assume equal sample sizes.
A)49
B)47
C)50
D)48
E)51
Q2) You wish to construct a 90% confidence interval to compare the mean measurement for two groups.A small pilot study yields sample standard deviations of 10 and 15 for Group 1 and Group 2,respectively.If we wish to obtain a margin of error of at most 3,what sample size should we take from each group? Assume equal sample sizes.
A)99
B)96
C)97
D)100
E)98
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25
Chapter 24: Paired Samples and Blocks
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Q1) An agricultural company wanted to know if a new insecticide increases corn yields.Eight test plots showed an average increase of 3.125 bushels per acre when the insecticide was used compared to the previous year.The standard deviation of the increases was 2.911 bushels per acre.The company wants to use a paired t-test to determine the mean increase in yield.
Q2) Ten different families are tested for the number of litres of water they use each week before and after viewing a conservation video.We want to see if there is strong evidence that the conservation video reduces people's water consumption rate.A t-test of the null hypothesis of no difference has a t-statistic of -2.894 with a P-value of 0.0089.State your conclusion regarding the hypotheses.If this conclusion is incorrect,which type of error was made?
Q3) Suppose that you wish to perform a traditional hypothesis test to test a claim regarding two means.Give an example of a situation in which the matched pairs test would be appropriate and give an example of a situation in which it would be appropriate to perform a two-sample t-test.
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Chapter 25: Comparing Counts
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Q1) Explain why a chi-square goodness-of-fit test is always right-tailed.
Q2) A researcher records for each of 500 randomly selected towns,the number of churches in the town and the number of homicides in the town in the past ten years.The towns range in size from a population of 1000 to a population of 1,000,000.He then performs a chi-square test of independence for these two variables.Would you expect that he would find association between the two variables? If so,should he conclude that a causal relationship exists? Explain your thinking.
Q3) Describe a goodness-of-fit test.What assumptions are made when using a goodness-of-fit test?
Q4) What is the null hypothesis for the chi-square test of independence? What assumptions are required for this test?
Q5) Among the eastern provinces in 2010,states,Nova Scotia has 40% of the total population,New Brunswick has 33%,Newfoundland has 21%,and Prince Edward Island has 6%.A market researcher selects a sample of 1000 subjects in 2011,with 450 in Nova Scotia,340 in New Brunswich,150 in Newfoundland,and 60 in Prince Edward Island.Does the distribution of the sample agree with the population distribution? Use a 1% level of significance.
Q6) When performing a chi-square goodness-of-fit test,how are the expected frequencies obtained?
Page 27
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Chapter 26: Inferences for Regression
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Q1) When performing regression analysis,different samples will all yield the same sample regression line.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the context of regression analysis,explain what is meant by the term "residual".
Q3) In the context of regression analysis,the sum of the residuals is always zero.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If the assumptions for regression inferences are met,what would you expect to see when constructing a residual plot and a normal probability plot for the residuals?
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Chapter 27: Analysis of Variance
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Q1) A horticulturist wants to test the effectiveness of four types of fertilizer on the growth rate of Bermuda grass.Six sections of grass are randomly assigned to each of the four fertilizer types,and the rate of growth for each section is measured.How many degrees of freedom does the treatment sum of squares have? How about the error sum of squares?
A)df-treatment = 3;df-error = 21
B)df-treatment = 3;df-error = 20
C)df-treatment = 4;df-error = 20
D)df-treatment = 5;df-error = 21
E)df-treatment = 5;df-error = 20
Q2) An industrial engineer wants to test the effect of three different ways of assembling a part on the total assembly time.Five people are randomly assigned to each of the three assembly methods,and the total assembly time (in seconds)is recorded.How many degrees of freedom does the treatment sum of squares have? How about the error sum of squares?
A)df-treatment = 2;df-error = 14
B)df-treatment = 3;df-error = 12
C)df-treatment = 2;df-error = 12
D)df-treatment = 2;df-error = 13
E)df-treatment = 3;df-error = 14
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29
Chapter 28: Multifactor Analysis of Variance
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Q1) A student runs an experiment to test how race car drivers and different tracks affect time.He uses 3 different drivers on 4 different tracks.He randomizes the trials,performing 4 runs under each treatment condition,carefully recording how many laps each driver completes on each different track.
Q2) A student runs an experiment on test scores for males and females at different times of day.She uses 4 different times of day.
A)Gender SS: 1 df;Time SS: 3 df;SSE: 3 df
B)Gender SS: 1 df;Time SS: 4 df;SSE: 4 df
C)Gender SS: 2 df;Time SS: 3 df;SSE 3 df
D)Gender SS: 1 df;Time SS: 3 df;SSE: 8 df
E)Gender SS: 2 df;Time SS: 4 df;SSE: 8 df
Q3) A student runs an experiment to study the effect of gas brand and car type on mileage.She uses 3 different brands of gas on 4 different types of cars.
Q4) A student runs an experiment on test scores for males and females at different times of day.She uses 4 different times of day.
Q5) A student runs an experiment to study the effect that a teacher has based on the size of their class.She uses 3 different teachers on 5 different class sizes.
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Page 30
Chapter 29: Multiple Regression
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Q1) Interpret the R-squared value of 84.5%.
A)84.5% of all calorie contents can be accurately predicted by this model.
B)The average correlation between protein,fat,fibre,carbohydrates,and sugar is 0.845.
C)The average correlation between protein,fat,fibre,carbohydrates,and sugar is 0.919.
D)84.5% of all samples would result in a useful model.
E)84.5% of the observed variation in calorie content can be explained by this model.
Q2) What does the coefficient of neck mean?
A)For every measurement unit of the neck,all other measurements will increase by 28.594 units.
B)For every measurement unit of the neck,the average head width will decrease by -11.24 units.
C)For every measurement unit of the neck,the average weight will increase by 28.594 units.
D)For every measurement unit of the neck,the average weight will increase by one unit.
E)For every measurement unit of the neck,the average age will decrease by -1.3838 units.
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31
Chapter 30: Multiple Regression Wisdom
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Q1) An actuary wishes to predict the life expectancy of a person based on several variables.One categorical variable of interest is their relationship statussingle,married,divorced,widowed,or common-law.If the actuary wished to include "relationship status" in a regression model,how many indicator variables would he/she need to use in the model?
A)4
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)1
Q2) How would you interpret the coefficient of sex in this model?
Q3) What is the purpose of an indicator variable in a regression model?
A)An indicator variable allows us to increase our R-squared value.
B)An indicator variable allows us to include quantitative variables in our model.
C)An indicator variable allows us to fix violations of our constant variance assumption.
D)An indicator variable allows us to fix violations of our normality assumption.
E)An indicator variable allows us to include categorical variables in our model.
Q4) How would you interpret the coefficient of Science in the multiple regression?
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Page 32
Chapter 31: Rank-Based Nonparametric Tests
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Q1) Fifty (50)students took a math test before and after tutoring.Of the 50 students,34 showed an improvement and 2 showed no change.After ranking the remaining 48 differences (before - after),it is found that T- = 873 and T+ = 303 Do the data suggest that the tutoring improves math scores? Conduct a Wilcoxon signed rank test using a 0.01 level of significance.
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Chapter 32: The Bootstrap
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Q1) Consider the following sample of three measurements {4,8,13}.What is the probability of observing the distinct resample {4,8,13}?
A)2/9
B)1/3
C)1/27
D)0
E)1
Q2) Consider the following sample of three measurements {4,8,13}.What is the probability of observing the distinct resample {4,8,8}?
A)3/8
B)1/8
C)1/4
D)1/27
E)1/9
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