Human Services Foundations
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Human Services Foundations provides an introduction to the principles, values, and practices that support individuals and communities in achieving well-being. This course explores the historical development of the human services field, examines the range of services available to diverse populations, and discusses ethical frameworks, professional roles, and core competencies required for effective practice. Through case studies and collaborative projects, students develop an understanding of the challenges facing clients and society, and gain insight into current issues, policies, and trends influencing human services delivery.
Recommended Textbook
The Life Span Human Development for Helping Professionals 4th Edition by
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15 Chapters
532 Verified Questions
532 Flashcards
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Page 2
Patricia C. Broderick
Chapter 1: Organizing Themes in Developme
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Sample Questions
Q1) When clinicians assess a client's presenting problems)in order to plan for treatment,which of the following approaches to diagnosis reflects a developmental viewpoint?
A)Consider those issues in a client's life which result from multifinality.
B)Count the number of symptoms currently manifested in order to reach a specific diagnosis.
C)Assess the person's level of symptomology on a checklist and assign a diagnosis only when a certain percentile has been reached.
D)Assess the nature of the problem by considering the person's unique history,interpersonal context,and challenges in the extrapersonal environment.
Answer: D
Q2) Contemporary developmentalists focus on which question concerning nature and nurture?
A)Is nature the most important determinant of developmental change?
B)Is nurture the most important determinant of developmental change?
C)How do we explain the mechanisms by which nature and nurture interact to affect development?
D)Why is nurture most influential at certain developmental periods?
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development
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Q1) Robert and Nadine both have been laid off.The couple has inadequate access to food or health care.When they realize that Nadine is pregnant,they feel desperate,and they talk to a social worker at a local clinic about their situation.The social worker is able to provide them with referrals to a food outlet,but she is unable to find a prenatal care clinic that provides free services in their neighborhood.Considering the effects of multiple risk factors,what is the most likely potential value of the social worker's efforts?
A)The fewer risk factors the better,so their unborn child is likely to be better off even with the limited help the social worker provided.
B)Their unborn child is not likely to be benefited by eliminating only one risk factor.
C)The unborn child might have been benefited if prenatal care were found,but improving prenatal nutrition is not important.
D)The health care and stress factors will only be important after the child is born.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Cognitive Development in the Early
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reflective clinicians often absorb the tenets and techniques associated with major A)constructivism.
B)behaviorism.
C)humanism.
D)existentialism.
Answer: A
Q2) Carla,a 10-month-old infant,sees her caregiver enter the room carrying a bottle of milk for another child in the day care center.Carla watches the caregiver give the bottle to the other child,and then extends her hands toward the bottle,making noises that indicate she wants one as well.Her caregiver notices,picks Carla up,and quickly prepares a bottle for her.In this example,Carla is demonstrating
A)knowledge of inferred intention.
B)preoperational thinking.
C)decentration.
D)means-end behavior.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Emotional Development in the Early Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Ainsworth et al.'s 1978)study of attachment formation,some mothers were less responsive to their babies' signals than others.One group of mothers seemed to be reluctant to hold their babies,showed less warmth and affection than other mothers,and were more rejecting and angry.When their babies were tested in the strange situation test,the children tended to fit which category of attachment?
A)Securely attached.
B)Anxious ambivalent.
C)Avoidant.
D)Disorganized/disoriented.
Q2) Which of the following is true about breastfeeding as compared to bottle-feeding?
A)Breastfeeding guarantees that the infant will be securely attached to the mother.
B)Breast milk contains beneficial disease antibodies and growth hormones not contained in formulas.
C)Breastfeeding has no real advantages because modern formulas have all of the ingredients of breast milk.
D)Breastfeeding is associated with less secure attachments.
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Chapter 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
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Q1) Surya wants 8-year-old Leila to start her homework.Leila doesn't want to turn off the TV.Surya raises her voice and threatens to take away Leila's TV privileges for a week if she doesn't comply.Surya enters the room and commands Leila to obey.Leila begins to wail,saying that the homework is too hard and that she never understands it anyway.At this point the phone rings.Surya gets absorbed in the call.Thirty minutes later,Leila is still watching TV and another battle ensues.Surya,exhausted from the struggle,take her to bed.This scenario is an example of which phenomenon?
A)Patterson's coercive family process.
B)Maccoby's authoritative parenting.
C)Baumrind's authoritarian parenting.
D)James' egocentric family process.
Q2) According to Crittendon's model,infants who have anxious-ambivalent attachments have experienced which pattern of learning or conditioning?
A)Predictable punishment for displays of affect.
B)Unpredictable reinforcement for expressions of need.
C)Negative reinforcement for expressions of positive emotion
D)Predictable reinforcement for displays of positive emotion.
Q3) Discuss the relationship between child temperament and parent disciplinary style.,
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Chapter 6: Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kuhn 2000)wrote that "to study memories is to study much of cognition and cognitive development." Explain this statement,using examples of the factors which contribute to memory improvement with age to illustrate your points.,
Q2) Carla,a bright,energetic 8-year-old,has lost four gloves during the past few weeks.Her mother is annoyed at the need to keep replacing gloves.Carla notices that her little brother is amused that Carla is in trouble,and she formulates the theory that her brother is stealing the gloves just to get her into trouble.Carla is convinced that she is right.She refuses to entertain her mother's suggestion that Carla is often so distracted that she does not keep track of her possessions.Carla is displaying a form of A)egocentrism.
B)formal operational thought. C)reversibility.
D)domain specific knowledge.
Q3) The more you know about a particular domain of knowledge, A)the more easily you can learn new information in that domain. B)the more slowly you will solve problems in that domain.
C)the more difficult it is to learn new information in that domain. D)the more difficult it is to learn information in other domains of knowledge.
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Chapter 7: Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood
Through Early Adolescence
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35 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A "skills first" approach to mental health problems refers to an approach that
A)enhances self-esteem in order to bolster competence,because competence is seen as a by-product of feeling good.
B)emphasizes social skills over behavior management.
C)emphasizes competence before performance.
D)enhances competence in order to bolster self-esteem,because feeling good is seen as a by-product of doing well.
Q2) As Selena and her friends are walking home after school they approach a corner store and see bags of candy and snacks on open shelves outside the front door.A young clerk is also outside waiting for customers.As they get closer,they see the clerk go inside the store.Selena's friends encourage her to take a bag of candy,but she refuses.How would an individual in Kohlberg's preconventional stage of moral reasoning explain Selena's behavior?
A)Selena didn't take the candy because she might get caught.
B)Selena didn't take the candy because it belonged to someone else.
C)Selena didn't take the candy because stealing is a violation of the moral rules of justice and fairness.
D)Selena didn't take the candy because it is not good for society when people steal from others.
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Chapter 8: Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle
Childhood Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) Counselors need to recognize that girls' antisocial behavior in late childhood
A)is likely to include non-confrontational relational aggressive behaviors.
B)has not been linked to later anxiety and depression.
C)is unlikely to have long-term negative consequences.
D)are a result of particular challenges faced by girls.
Q2) Counselors working with young children should know that children as young as A)3 years old
B)6 years old
C)9 years old
D)12 years old
Q3) Counselors working with school-age children and adolescents need to recognize that gender identity continues to develop in these years.Among the important findings from recent research is that girls tend to feel
A)more content with their gender than boys.
B)more pressure to conform to gender stereotypes than boys.
C)less content with their gender than boys.
D)the same degree of pressure to conform to gender stereotypes as boys.
Q4) Describe at least two theories of how parenting might influence the development of sex differences in childhood.Discuss the evidence for and against these theories.,
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tessa,a counselor who works with teenagers,meets with Olivia,who attempted suicide after her boyfriend broke up with her.Olivia says she feels that there is no choice but for her to end her life.Ronnie believes that she is destined to die young.This will make her boyfriend mourn for her forever.How would Elkind describe Olivia's view of the world?
A)As a personal audience.
B)As a personal fable.
C)As an imaginary audience.
D)As an invincibility fable.
Q2) Currently available evidence is strongest for _________ influences on the development of gender identity,and there is no reliable evidence for _________ causes after birth.
A)environmental / genetic
B)psychological / environmental
C)prenatal / environmental
D)peer / parenting
Q3) What are the characteristics of formal operations and how does this kind of thinking differ from concrete operational thinking? ,
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Chapter 10: The Social World of Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The parents of Abe,age 14,are concerned that he is watching violent movies and playing violent video games with his friends.You can advise them that
A)media portrayals of violence are not related to teenage aggressive behavior.
B)exposure to media portrayals of violence are related to teenage aggressive behavior.
C)exposure to media portrayals of violence seem to teach teenagers to favor nonviolence.
D)viewing violent movies is related to aggression,but playing violent video games is not.
Q2) Studies of American schools indicate that as children move out of elementary school into middle and junior high schools,instructional practices are characterized more by
A)emphasis on discipline and teacher control
B)emphasis on cooperative learning rather than competition
C)a greater sense of community and caring
D)closer contact with teachers and other staff
Q3) Describe and explain three main reasons that adolescents engage in reckless behavior.Be sure to define your terms.,
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young
Adults
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Q1) Problem drinking and drug use is part of the lifestyle of many young adults.In a longitudinal study of 33,000 people,what was the typical course of these behaviors?
A)They begin to decline when adults reach their mid-thirties.
B)They begin to decline when adults reach their mid-twenties.
C)They tend to stay about the same throughout middle adulthood.
D)They have no serious effects on behavioral or cognitive functioning.
Q2) Studies of brain activity during the early adult years suggest an increased capacity for
A)moral behavior.
B)perceptual acuity.
C)sexual activity.
D)behavioral and emotional control.
Q3) Which of the following statements is most accurate with regard to the physical skills of young adult athletes?
A)Females reach peak performance earlier than their male counterparts.
B)Males reach peak performance earlier than their female counterparts.
C)Both males and females reach peak performance about the same time.
D)The timing of peak performance is dependent upon practice and not on biology.
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) For helping professionals who assume an attachment perspective in their therapeutic approach to clients,what is expected to be the primary mechanism of change?
A)Teaching clients to think differently about their early attachments experience.
B)Establishing a therapeutic bond that functions as a secure base.
C)Confronting emotional memories.
D)Challenging the client's assumptions about attachment.
Q2) Hazan and Zeifman 1999)asked 6- to 17-year-olds questions about attachment needs.They found that peers met some attachment needs during childhood or early adolescence,but that peers did not fulfill other attachment needs unless they became romantic partners.Which of the following attachment needs were shifted to peers even for the youngest children in this study?
A)Proximity maintenance.
B)Safe haven.
C)Separation distress.
D)Secure base.
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Chapter 13: Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most men can expect some changes in testosterone levels and possibly in their sexual function in their 40s.Which of the following changes is most likely?
A)Older men produce less seminal fluid during ejaculation than when they were younger.
B)Most men's sexual response time will be decreased compared to when they were younger.
C)Most older men are much less likely to engage in frequent sexual activity.
D)Men maintain muscle mass and bone density at their youthful levels.
Q2) In his approach to couples therapy,Gottman encourages couples to recognize relationship problems that are the result of differences in temperament and attitudes
A)growth
B)maintenance or resilience
C)regulation of loss
D)the steady-state model
E)g.,different approaches to money)as chronic and inevitable,much like chronic physical ailments that come on as we get older.This approach is similar to ____________,one of the adaptive mechanisms described by life span developmental theorists.
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Chapter 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intentionally paying attention to one's present experience without judgment is a definition for
A)stress management.
B)mindfulness.
C)relaxation.
D)coping.
Chapter 14 Essay Questions
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Q2) Marquita sees the universe as a product of intelligent planning.She believes that the creation of the universe,of life,and of human beings has a purpose even if that purpose is not accessible to her.Marquita's philosophy of the universe and its underlying plan is an example of
A)situational meaning.
B)global meaning.
C)eudaemonic well-being.
D)psychological well-being.
Q3) Construct a short essay on the nature of stress and its effects on the body-mind.What constructive ways of handling these effects of stress have been found to be most effective? ,
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
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Q1) Theorizing about grief and mourning after the loss of a loved one has traditionally centered on the importance of "letting go" of the loved one and accepting the loss.This focus is attributable to the work of A)Freud.
B)Kubler-Ross.
C)Dame Cicely Saunders.
D)Bowlby.
Q2) At 80,Steve has been struggling with emphysema for several years,which means that he experiences significant breathing problems.He is now unable to take more than a few steps without resting,and he needs assistance in basic daily routines,like bathing and eating.According to self-determination theory,one of the three basic psychological needs is for autonomy.Explain this concept of autonomy,and explain how you would counsel Steve and his family to help him fulfill this need.,
Q3) Which of the following factors is an important predictor of a successful retirement?
A)Pension eligibility and high self-esteem.
B)Higher social class.
C)Better housing facilities.
D)Number of grandchildren.
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