Human Perception
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Human Perception explores the fundamental processes by which humans interpret and understand sensory information from their environment. This course examines the structure and function of sensory systems such as vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell, as well as the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying perceptual experiences. Topics include sensory transduction, perceptual organization, attention, depth and motion perception, illusions, and the influence of culture and development on perception. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and experimental demonstrations, students gain insight into how perception shapes human experience and behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Sensation and Perception 2nd Edition by Bennett
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15 Chapters
903 Verified Questions
903 Flashcards
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L. Schwartz
Chapter 1: What Is Perception
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60 Verified Questions
60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human beings have only five senses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) A car driver is making a turn.He is likely to think an approaching school bus is farther away than it is.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Hubel and Wiesel used single-cell recording to ______.
A)uncover the basic organization of the olfactory system
B)determine the function of individual neurons in mammalian visual cortex
C)determine the rate at which information moves across synapses in the mammalian visual cortex
D)uncover the role of dopamine and other neurotransmitters in perceptual processes
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Everdine has devised a scale to examine people's perception of saltiness.She finds that for every milligram of salt added, the perception of saltiness increases fourfold.That is, the perception of saltiness increases faster than the actual increase in salt.This finding illustrates response ______.
A)compression
B)expansion
C)subtraction
D)addition
Answer: B
Q2) An observer is asked to adjust the level of pressure on the skin until the person can just barely feel the lightest pressure on his or her skin.Then the observer starts again from a different starting level of pressure.Which technique does this best represent?
A)magnitude estimation
B)response compression
C)signal-inverse method
D)method of adjustment
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Visual System: The Eye
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cornea is the clear front surface of the eye that allows light in; it also is a major focusing element of the eye.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which term names the fovea and its surrounding area?
A)foveal junction
B)anterior chamber
C)macula
D)photon
Answer: C
Q3) The greatest density of cones can be found in the ______.
A)iris
B)hypocratus
C)fovea
D)optic disc
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Visual System: The Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wiesel and Hubel (1963) deprived kittens of visual experience in one eye (monocular deprivation).The other eye allowed the kittens to interact normally with their environment.Later, Wiesel and Hubel looked at the receptive fields of neurons in the kittens' V1s.What did they find?
A)Genetic factors were the largest predictor of vision in cats.
B)Monocular deprivation resulted in a reduction in the number of cells that responded to the deprived eye and fewer cells that responded to both eyes.
C)Only when both eyes were deprived of visual input was there any change in function.
D)Monocular deprivation appeared to change the cats' visual behavior without altering receptive fields in the cats' visual cortexes.
Q2) The allocation of more space in the cortex to some sensory receptors than to others is known as ______.
A)foveal amplification
B)cortical magnification
C)occipital dominance
D)striate precedence
Q3) Explain object agnosia in terms of dorsal and ventral system function.
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Chapter 5: Object Perception
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65 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) As the number of objects searched for increases, the likelihood of finding one of those objects decreases.This is known as ______.
A)dual-target cost
B)detection paradox
C)deterrence effect
D)object agnosia
Q2) Gestalt psychology is a school of psychologists who believe that ______.
A)human perception focuses on the smallest piece
B)the human brain lacks self-organizing tendencies
C)human perception focuses on the big picture
D)the human brain must rely on unconscious inference
Q3) What is one way that the environment can make object perception more challenging? Use an example to illustrate your answer.
Q4) Which gestalt grouping law states that elements that are close together tend to be perceived as a unified group?
A)law of proximity
B)law of similarity
C)law of symmetry
D)law of common fate
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Chapter 6: Color Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The S-cone has its name because it ______.
A)is more sensitive to all light than other cones
B)responds best to short-wavelength light
C)works on subtractive color mixing
D)shifts between responding to low and high brightness
Q2) Color mixing in which a new color is made by the removal of wavelengths from a light with a broad spectrum of wavelengths is known as ______.
A)subtractive color mixing
B)additive color mixing
C)multiplicative color mixing
D)metameric color mixing
Q3) To be purple an object must ______.
A)absorb light in the green part of the visual spectrum but reflect light in the red and blue portions of the visual spectrum
B)absorb all light from the visual spectrum except for the light of the shortest visible wavelengths, which are violet
C)reflect purple light in the purple range of the visual spectrum
D)be created artificially by means of additive color mixing as there are no natural purples
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Depth and Size Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The horopter is the region in space where the two images from an object fall on corresponding locations on the two retinae.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If object recognition is necessary for matching correspondence, then random-dot stereograms will not result in a 3D perception.However, if correspondence matching occurs before object recognition, then it should be possible for people to extract binocular depth cues from random-dot stereograms.What has research found?
A)Random-dot stereograms can be detected only while in motion.
B)People can extract binocular depth cues from random-dot stereogram.
C)People cannot extract binocular depth cues from random-dot stereogram.
D)Random-dot stereograms cannot produce 3D perception in the absence of monocular depth cues.
Q3) What is the difference between motion parallax and optic flow?
Q4) Random-dot stereograms are used to show that the perception of stereopsis occurs before objects are recognized.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Movement and Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) Otero-Millan, Macknik, and Martinez-Conde (2012) showed the rotating snake illusion to participants and asked them to indicate when the perceived motion was at a maximum and to indicate when the figure appeared to be not rotating.They found that the perception of motion was ______.
A)highly correlated with the micro-saccades, which they measured via eye tracking
B)associated with smooth pursuit eye movements
C)associated with beta motion induced by the figure
D)highly correlated with activity in the anterior intraparietal region
Q2) One form of apparent motion is the appearance of real motion from a sequence of still images.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A rare condition in which a patient is unable to detect motion despite intact visual perception of stationary stimuli, caused by damage to area MT, is known as ______.
A)motion sickness
B)cerebral motion unawareness
C)motion amnesia
D)akinetopsia
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Chapter 9: Visual Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of inattentional blindness?
A)Even though Dwayne focuses on talking to Jean, he still sees a car pull up to the curb.
B)Haruto is so focused on a man juggling oranges that he fails to notice two people rushing past behind the juggler.
C)Even though Ebba is blind, she still senses a blinking light three feet away.
D)Hans stares straight ahead, but he is unable to see a horseback rider approaching from the left.
Q2) As Jules stares at the group of baseball players, his attention is drawn toward the one player not wearing a uniform.This is an example of ______.
A)covert attention
B)attentional capture
C)attentional salience
D)overt attention
Q3) The process of attending to multiple sources of information is known as ______.
A)divided attention
B)selective attention
C)elective attention
D)source monitoring
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11
Chapter 10: The Auditory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cheryl has moderate to severe hearing loss.Her hearing loss is particularly acute at frequencies from 1000 to 3000 Hz.What course of action do you recommend for her?
A)She should have surgery to install cochlear implants.
B)She should just ask people to talk louder.
C)She should have an artificial tympanic membrane installed.
D)She should get digital hearing aids.
Q2) How are microphones used in cochlear implants?
A)They are internal components that send sound waves to the brain.
B)They are external components that pick up sound from the environment.
C)They are internal components that pick up radio waves.
D)They are external components that stimulate the stapedius.
Q3) A mathematical procedure for taking any complex waveform and determining the simpler waveforms that make up that complex pattern is known as ______.
A)Fourier analysis
B)Hertz-Feingold analysis
C)temporal matching
D)binaural waveform analysis
Q4) Describe the parts of the middle ear and how they work together.
Q5) How do the parts of a cochlear implant work together.
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Chapter 11: The Auditory Brain and Sound Localization
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Sample Questions
Q1) A process whereby animals emit sounds and then use comparisons of the emitted sounds and their returning echoes to sense the world around them is known as ______.
A)auditory scene analysis
B)shadow response
C)high frequency analysis
D)biosonar
Q2) The fibers in the eighth cranial nerve show ______ coding.
A)frequency
B)spatial
C)amplitude
D)harmonic
Q3) High frequency sounds show a greater decrease in ______ as a function of distance relative to low-frequency sounds.
A)loudness
B)pitch
C)hertz
D)reverberation
Q4) Explain spectral segregation and give an example.
Q5) Explain spatial segregation and give an example.
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Chapter 12: Speech Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Broca's area is an important area in speech comprehension, located in the left frontal lobe.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As infants get older, they focus their attention on stimuli that are relevant to them, rather than attending to all stimuli out there.This is advantageous in learning one's first language, though it makes it more difficult to acquire a native-sounding accent in a second language later on.This idea is most associated with which phenomenon?
A)the phonemic restoration effect
B)Hindi-English lexical equivalency
C)perceptual narrowing
D)the motor theory of speech perception
Q3) What is one advantage of the International Phonetic alphabet?
A)It represents meaning directly without regard to how a word is pronounced.
B)It provides a unique symbol for each and every phoneme in use in human languages.
C)It represents all the vowel sounds used in any language with just five symbols.
D)It can facilitate translation between languages that use different alphabets.
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Chapter 13: Music Perception
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59 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following explains why a person hears a scale that sounds like it increases in pitch continually in Shepard Tones?
A)Timbre differences create an illusion of higher pitch, but all the tones are the same frequency.
B)White noise is presented simultaneously with the scale to phase out the decreased frequencies.
C)It is an illusion created by simultaneously sweeping different pure tones, which are an octave apart.
D)Notes one octave apart go into each ear, and then are switched, making the pitch seem higher though the two notes do not change.
Q2) A set of ordered notes starting at one note and ending at the same note one octave higher is known as ______.
A)melodic denotation
B)a beat pattern
C)a scale
D)timbre
Q3) Briefly explain the relationship between different types of Western music, such as reggae, grunge, and country.
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15
Chapter 14: Touch and Pain
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sensation of rocking that a person often experiences after returning from a cruise is created by ______.
A)nautical mechanoreception
B)the pruriception sensors
C)the vestibular system
D)haptic perception
Q2) A model that allows for top-down control of the pain signal coming up the spinal cord is known as the ______ theory of pain.
A)endogenous
B)lateral root
C)gate control
D)nociceptive
Q3) Emmi has not been feeling well.Suddenly, she is unable to stand or keep her balance, and she can barely hear.Fearing something terrible, she goes to the doctor, who tells her she simply has a cold that is affecting her vestibular system.Briefly describe how Emmi's vestibular system is connected to a cold.
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16
Chapter 15: Olfaction and Taste
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Sample Questions
Q1) Molecules recognized by taste receptors that induce responses in taste receptors on the tongue are known as ______.
A)succulents
B)tastants
C)gustatory molecules
D)papillae
Q2) Donovan is deep in the woods on vacation to an unfamiliar area, and he is very hungry.He sees a large fruit, sniffs it, and feels somewhat disgusted by its odor.Briefly explain how olfaction is working for Donovan, and what should he do?
Q3) Olfaction and gustation are considered ______.
A)somatosensory systems because they must come in contact with substances in order to detect them
B)chemical senses because their role is to detect chemicals in the environment
C)major senses because they have played such an important role in mammalian evolution
D)intentional systems because they must be consciously activated in order to work
Q4) Briefly describe how experience of flavor and taste differ.
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