Human Growth and Development Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Human Growth and Development examines the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the lifespan, from conception through old age. This course explores major theories and research findings related to developmental processes, highlighting the complex interplay between genetics, environment, culture, and experience. Students will analyze patterns and milestones of development across distinct life stages, including infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and aging, with attention to individual differences and diversity. The course also considers practical implications for education, parenting, health care, and social policy.
Recommended Textbook
Life Span Development 16th Edition by John W Santrock
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20 Chapters
2881 Verified Questions
2881 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an experimental study,the _____ group serves as a baseline against which the effects of the manipulated condition can be compared.
A)control
B)experimental
C)dependent
D)independent
Answer: A
Q2) If Alex uses an EEG,FMRI,and measures of cortisol in his developmental research,these tests are best referred to as:
A)psychological measures.
B)neurological measures.
C)physiological measures.
D)genetic measures.
Answer: C
Q3) Which theories describe development as primarily unconscious (beyond awareness)and heavily colored by emotion?
Answer: Psychoanalytic theories
Q4) Which theorist proposed eight psychosocial stages of development?
Answer: Erik Erikson
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of chromosomal abnormality that occurs when whole chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis?
A)Down syndrome
B)Hemophilia
C)Huntington's disease
D)Sickle-cell anemia
Answer: A
Q2) Paul Baltes says that natural selection among humans operates mainly during the _____ of life.
A)second half
B)last years
C)first half
D)first year
Answer: C
Q3) Xiomarra is tall with dark curly hair and brown eyes.She is outgoing and friendly.Name these observable characteristics of her genetic makeup.
Answer: Phenotype
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sergio's wife is pregnant,but he smokes all the time inside the house.Cigarette smoke has been known to cause birth defects and negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes in unborn babies.Sergio is exposing his child to which type of agent?
Answer: Teratogen
Q2) Neural connectivity begins at around the:
A)20th prenatal week
B)23rd prenatal week
C)26th prenatal week
D)29th prenatal week
Answer: D
Q3) Voletta is at the stage of pregnancy where the zygote has attached itself to the uterine wall.This scenario indicates the _____ stage of prenatal development.
A)embryonic
B)postpartum
C)germinal
D)fetal
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about specialization of function in a hemisphere of the cerebral cortex?
A)Complex thinking is mostly carried out by the right hemisphere,while the left hemisphere typically deals with motor control.
B)Logical thinkers are usually "left-brained."
C)Creative thinkers are usually "right-brained."
D)Complex thinking in normal people is the outcome of communication between both hemispheres of the brain.
Q2) Identify the condition that occurs when infants stop breathing,usually during the night,and die suddenly without an apparent cause.
Q3) Your ability to process language in the left hemisphere and spatial thinking in the right hemisphere is called:
A)linearity.
B)mastery.
C)lateralization.
D)learning.
Q4) Provide three examples where a doctor would advise a mother NOT to breast feed their infants.
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6
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Bayley mental scale,by _____ of age,the infant should be able to inhibit behavior when commanded to do so,imitate words the examiner says,and respond to simple requests.
A)10 weeks
B)6 months
C)12 weeks
D)12 months
Q2) Identify Jean Piaget's concept that describes the cognitive conflict that occurs when information in the environment is inconsistent with the child's current schemes.This conflict is the motivation to modify schemes or develop new schemes that are more consistent with the outside world.
Q3) Baby Elise has developed a sucking scheme.She knows that to get food she must suck on her mother's breast.Now,her mother has begun to introduce solid foods with a spoon.Elise immediately sucks on the spoon.This is an example of:
A)accommodation.
B)assimilation.
C)amalgamation.
D)application.
Q4) Distinguish between explicit memory and implicit memory.
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Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emotions that are present in humans and animals and that appear in the first 6 months of the human infant's development are known as:
A)primitive emotions.
B)innate emotions.
C)primary emotions.
D)evolved emotions.
Q2) One study of two- and three-year-old children revealed that an increase in the number of child-care arrangements the children experienced is linked to a(n):
A)decrease in reciprocal socialization.
B)increase in behavioral problems.
C)increase in prosocial behavior.
D)increase in secure attachment.
Q3) Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a playdate and teases her about wearing night-time diapers.This is an example of _____ emotions.
A)primary
B)other-worldly
C)other-conscious
D)conscious
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8
Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.
Q2) Researchers have found that children who have sleep problems:
A)exhibit no related outcomes in adolescence.
B)are less likely to consume alcohol in adolescence.
C)are unlikely to show any variations in brain development.
D)are more likely to be overweight.
Q3) The theory of _____ refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
A)self-awareness
B)recognition
C)mind
D)consciousness
Q4) "My computer doesn't like me.It keeps eating my pictures" says three-year-old Kimberly.This is an example of:
A)animism.
B)intuitive thinking.
C)conservation.
D)egocentrism.
Page 9
Q5) What are the current controversies in early childhood education?
Q6) What are the criticisms of the Montessori approach to early education?
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about practice play is true?
A)Practice play ceases in elementary school years.
B)Practice play is primarily confined to infancy.
C)Practice play occurs when the child transforms the physical environment into a symbol.
D)Practice play can be engaged in throughout life.
Q2) Steuer,Applefield,and Smith conducted an experiment where preschool children were randomly assigned to two groups.One group watched cartoons containing violence,and the other group watched cartoons with the violence removed.During a free-play session,the children who watched the cartoons containing violence showed more aggression than children who watched the nonviolent cartoons.What conclusion was drawn from this study?
A)Preschool children are naturally more aggressive than older children.
B)Violent TV cartoons caused increased aggression because this is only a correlational study.
C)The cause of aggression cannot be determined since aggression is caused by so many other factors.
D)Exposure to TV violence caused aggression in children in this investigation.
Q3) Should parents stay in an unhappy or conflicted marriage for the sake of their children?
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The improvement of fine motor skills during middle and late childhood is a reflection of:
A)increased myelination of the central nervous system.
B)advances in the prefrontal cortex.
C)an increase in the neurotransmitter dopamine.
D)a simultaneous process where axons in the brain die,while dendrites in the brain grow and branch out.
Q2) From the following,identify an important difference between the reasoning of children and the reasoning of scientists.
A)Children tend to bias the experiments in favor of whatever hypothesis they began with.
B)Children fail to place enough emphasis on causal mechanisms.
C)Children intuitively design experiments that can distinguish among alternative causes.
D)Children place a great deal of emphasis on causal mechanisms.
Q3) Identify the theorist who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence.
Q4) Identify and describe the most common type of cancer in children.
Q5) What is bilingual education? What are the positive aspects of bilingual education?
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person is arrested for stealing company documents and says,"Yes,I did steal the documents,and I am willing to go to jail for it.These documents prove that the company was engaging in a cover-up of the unsafe properties of its chemical.I think the public has a right to know about it." Lawrence Kohlberg would classify this person as using _____ reasoning.
A)conventional
B)unconventional
C)preconventional
D)postconventional
Q2) In analyzing the performance of American students compared to students in selected Asian countries,what differences did Stevenson and his colleagues observe between the Asian and American parents?
Q3) Children have the highest self-esteem when:
A)they are competent in all tasks that are given to them.
B)they perform competently in domains that are important to them.
C)they are extrinsically rewarded by role models.
D)they are encouraged to avoid problems they face rather than cope with them.
Q4) Identify the third level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.At this (the highest)level,morality is more internal.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exercise is related to all of the following positive outcomes in adolescence,EXCEPT:
A)a lower incidence of type I diabetes.
B)reduced triglyceride levels.
C)lower blood pressure.
D)normal weight status.
Q2) Since the 1950s,the adolescent suicide rate has:
A)stayed the same.
B)decreased.
C)doubled.
D)tripled.
Q3) In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century,U.S.high school dropout rates:
A)increased.
B)declined.
C)remained unchanged.
D)plateaued.
Q4) Discuss the importance of controlling one's attention during adolescence.
Q5) Outline the cognitive changes that occur in adolescence and allow improved critical thinking.
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most adolescents from ethnic minority groups develop a _____ identity.
A)bicultural
B)additive
C)multiplicative
D)mono-cultural
Q2) _____ refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others.
A)Egocentrism
B)Narcissism
C)Egotism
D)Solipsism
Q3) Which status of identity would be most closely linked to an authoritarian style of parenting?
Q4) In what circumstances are adolescents likely to feel more comfortable disclosing information to their parents?
Q5) Though controversial,studies indicate that self-esteem:
A)is almost nonexistent in adolescence.
B)remains constant in adolescence.
C)increases in adolescent boys.
D)declines in adolescent girls.
Q6) What term is used to describe the self-portrait composed of many pieces?
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A recent study of college students from low-SES backgrounds and high-SES backgrounds conducted by VanKim and Laska showed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts.
A)ate more fast food and fewer fruits and vegetables
B)showed healthy weight control
C)engaged in higher levels of physical activity
D)had a more balanced diet
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about bisexuality?
A)There is lack of evidence to support that bisexuality is a stable orientation which involves attraction to both sexes.
B)Women are usually more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexuals.
C)Physiological responses for bisexuals during sexual arousals vastly differ to those who are heterosexuals.
D)Bisexuality is predominantly viewed as sexual attraction to males than to females.
Q3) List two reasons that deaths due to HIV/AIDS have begun to decline in the United States.
Q4) Identify the form of sustained exercise (e.g.,jogging,swimming)that stimulates heart and lung activity.
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Early
Adulthood
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with:
A)higher academic achievement in college.
B)stronger sibling relationships in adulthood.
C)secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.
D)an easy temperament in adulthood.
Q2) If researchers measure an individual's self-esteem at ages 10,20,30,and 40 years,where are they likely to find the most stability?
A)When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 30.
B)When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30.
C)When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 40.
D)When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 40.
Q3) Briefly describe the three major types of love?
Q4) Female friendships involve more _____ than male friendships.
A)competition
B)outdoor activities
C)self-disclosure
D)sharing of useful information
Q5) What is temperament? What is its connection to personality?
Q7) Describe the good-enoughs divorce group. Page 17
Q6) What are some of the advantages of having children later in life?
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rectangularization of the population pyramid has been created by all of the following EXCEPT:
A)health advances that promote longevity.
B)the aging of the baby boom cohort.
C)rising male-to-female sex ratio.
D)low fertility rates.
Q2) A study of HRT's effects was halted as evidence emerged that participants who were receiving HRT faced an increased risk of:
A)lung disease.
B)cancer.
C)stroke.
D)arthritis.
Q3) Compared to men,women have a higher incidence of _____ during middle age.
A)arthritis
B)hypertension
C)stroke
D)cardiovascular disease
Q4) What are the leading causes of death in middle adulthood? What can one do to avoid these issues?
Q5) List the physical changes that take place during middle adulthood.
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle
Adulthood
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A common complaint voiced by both adult children and their parents when adult children return home is a(n):
A)lack of social interaction.
B)lack of career development.
C)increased strain on finances.
D)loss of privacy.
Q2) According to the contemporary life-events approach,the influence of life events also depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT the:
A)individual's cognitive capacity.
B)individual's adaptation.
C)life-stage context.
D)sociohistorical context.
Q3) Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes whether a person is independent or conforming.
A)Openness to experience
B)Extraversion
C)Conscientiousness
D)Agreeableness
Q4) Define social clock.
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Chapter 17: Physical Development in Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of older adults aged 80 and over:
A)continue to live in the community.
B)live in some sort of assisted living situation.
C)report that their health is excellent or good.
D)have major health problems that limit their activity.
Q2) Women are especially vulnerable to _____,which is the leading cause of broken bones in women.
A)osteoporosis
B)arthritis
C)osteomalacia
D)muscular dystrophy
Q3) Describe shrinking of the brain in the aging process.
Q4) Giving nursing home residents more control over their daily schedules is:
A)harmful.
B)beneficial.
C)anxiety-provoking.
D)usually not necessary for patients that age.
Q5) Which disease of the eye is characterized by the deterioration of the macula of the retina that corresponds to the focal center of the visual field?
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Chapter 18: Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Pew poll found that belief in God was higher in _____ than in any other age period.
A)older adults
B)young adults
C)adolescents
D)middle-aged adults
Q2) What is the term coined by Paul Baltes that refers to the culture-based "software programs" of the mind including such things as reading and writing skills,language comprehension,and daily life skills?
Q3) Briefly describe Alzheimer disease.
Q4) What is the impact of training on cognitive skills of older adults? Are the benefits transferable across domains?
Q5) Which of the following is the effect of the drug treatment given to patients with Alzheimer disease?
A)It increases the amount of amyloid beta in spinal fluid.
B)It treats mild cognitive impairment.
C)It increases levels of acetylcholine in the brain.
D)It activates the apolipoprotein E gene.
Q6) Contrast cognitive mechanics and cognitive pragmatics,and give examples of each.
Page 22
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Chapter 19: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ issue raises questions about whether the young should be required to pay for the old.
A)ageist culture
B)generational equity
C)social justice
D)economic equity
Q2) In 2013,_____ percent of older adults in the United States were living in poverty.
A)9.5
B)12
C)23.5
D)27
Q3) According to Erikson,which of the following stages of development does an individual experience in toddlerhood?
A)Autonomy vs.shame
B)Industry vs.inferiority
C)Basic trust vs.mistrust
D)Intimacy vs.isolation
Q4) What does activity theory suggest for older adults?
Q5) Discuss Erikson's final stage of development.
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Chapter 20: Death, Dying, and Grieving
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Jewish tradition,what is the term for the time between death and burial?
Q2) Active euthanasia is legal in several countries,including:
A)the Netherlands and Belgium.
B)Africa and India.
C)Canada and Sweden.
D)China and Japan.
Q3) In the United States today,_____ percent of all deaths occur in nursing homes.
A)20
B)50
C)80
D)95
Q4) Currently in the United States,approximately 90 percent of hospice care is provided:
A)in special units in hospitals.
B)in nursing homes.
C)in the patients' homes.
D)in free-standing hospice facilities in the community.
Q5) Describe Kübler-Ross' first stage of dying.
Q6) What is the program committed to making the end of life as free from pain,anxiety,and depression as possible?
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