Human Behavior
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the factors influencing human behavior, drawing from psychology, sociology, anthropology, and neuroscience. Students will examine the biological, cognitive, emotional, and social processes that drive individual and group actions. Topics include motivation, learning, personality, socialization, attitudes, and cultural influences, as well as the impact of development and environment on behavior. Through case studies, research literature, and interactive discussions, students will develop a comprehensive understanding of why humans think, feel, and act in particular ways, and how these insights can be applied in real-world contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 5th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2560 Verified Questions
2560 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the concept of the unconscious?
A) Sigmund Freud
B)B.F.Skinner
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) William James
Answer: A
Q2) You are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias.Which of the following should you do in order to avoid the confirmation bias?
A) focus mainly on evidence that you find on your favorite news website
B) place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs
C) focus mainly on evidence that supports your own beliefs,since it is the most accurate research
D) place equal importance on evidence you find online and in textbooks
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a researcher manipulates a variable to see what effect the manipulation has on a study participant's behavior,the research design involves:
A) a correlational study.
B) an experiment.
C) naturalistic observation.
D) participant observation.
Answer: B
Q2) If a participant always shows fast reaction times on a visual task not because she is good at the task but because she can hear the experimenter start the presentation and can get ready for the stimulus,her data will show a high level of:
A) validity.
B) reactivity.
C) selection bias.
D) systematic error.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Excitatory signals are ________,whereas inhibitory signals are ________.
A) depolarized; hyperpolarized
B) positively charged; negatively charged
C) hyperpolarized; depolarized
D) negatively charged; positively charged
Answer: A
Q2) As Andre came into the room in which his introductory psychology exam would take place,he noticed that his heart rate had increased due to his ________.As he settled into the test and was able to correctly answer the questions,he calmed down.This response was due to the ________.
A) endorphins; peripheral nervous system
B) sympathetic nervous system; parasympathetic nervous system
C) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
D) endocrine system; autonomic nervous system
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While driving to a store,your mind wanders,and you are surprised to find that you have arrived.This experience supports the idea that:
A) automatic processes need awareness.
B) automatic processes do not need awareness.
C) awareness needs automatic processes.
D) awareness does not need automatic processes.
Q2) Which of the following statements concerning hypnosis is true?
A) Hypnosis is the same as sleeping.
B) Someone else is controlling the hypnotized person.
C) Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness.
D) Everyone can be hypnotized.
Q3) According to modern research,which of the following influence(s)the content of dreams?
A) hidden conflicts
B) prefrontal cortex
C) motor cortex
D) daily experiences
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6
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Place coding occurs mostly at the ________of the basilar membrane,while temporal coding takes place mostly at the ________ of the basilar membrane.
A) base; tip
B) tip; base
C) outer duct; inner duct
D) inner duct; outer duct
Q2) Avalon spends a minute staring directly at a light that activates her L cones.According to opponent-process theory,what color should she see at the center of her vision when she turns away from the light and looks at a blank white wall?
A) green
B) orange
C) red
D) yellow
Q3) Ganglion cells that are excited by L cones are:
A) inhibited by only green colors.
B) inhibited by only blue colors.
C) inhibited by both green and blue colors.
D) inhibited by other L cones.
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7
Chapter 6: Learning
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process by which an environmental stimulus and a behavior are connected is known as:
A) cognition.
B) episodic memory.
C) conditioning.
D) behavior modification.
Q2) The idea that the consequences of our actions determine the likelihood they will be performed in the future underlies:
A) operant conditioning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) the Rescorla-Wagner model.
D) the social learning model.
Q3) Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:
A) produce an increase in the probability of a behavior.
B) produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior.
C) involve the administration of a stimulus.
D) involve the removal of a stimulus.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Understanding how to serve a ball in tennis involves _____ memory; the act of serving the ball involves _____ memory; and your first memory of serving a tennis ball involves ________ memory.
A) declarative; procedural; episodic
B) episodic; procedural; declarative
C) procedural; declarative; episodic
D) procedural; episodic; declarative
Q2) As a participant in a memory experiment,Shamithia has been given a list of words: candy,sugar,tart,pie,and honey.When she is later asked to recall the words on this list,Shamithia incorrectly recalls one of the words.Which of the following words is she most likely to FALSELY recall?
A) sweet
B) cake
C) bee
D) tort
Q3) The memory of your wedding day is an example of a(n):
A) procedural memory.
B) short-term memory.
C) episodic memory.
D) semantic memory.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the paradox of choice?
A) Not having any choices is what makes us happiest.
B) Having a lot of choices makes us happy.
C) Having unlimited choices makes us happiest.
D) Having some choice is better than none,but too many choices can make us unhappy.
Q2) Sahndra and Yosef each need to buy cereal.Sahndra goes to the convenience store that stocks only three kinds of cereal.Yosef goes to the grocery store that stocks fifteen kinds.If the brands in each store represent at least reasonable choices,who is more likely to buy cereal? If they both buy cereal,who is more likely to be happy with the cereal?
A) Sahndra; Sahndra
B) Yosef; Yosef
C) Yosef; Sahndra
D) Sahndra; Yosef
Q3) A problem with schemas is that they can easily:
A) promote stereotypes.
B) incorrectly categorize examples.
C) confuse prototypes and exemplars.
D) miss defining attributes.
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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200 Verified Questions
200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An infant is presented with a picture of his hand and a picture of a bear's paw.He will:
A) look at the picture of his hand longer than the picture of the bear paw.
B) look at the picture of the bear paw longer than the picture of his hand.
C) shift his gaze between the two,allocating roughly equal amounts of attention to both.
D) look at the one with subtle compared to bold patterns.
Q2) Children who suffer severe neglect have brains that are smaller and that develop abnormally.These results are most likely due to:
A) a lack of synaptic connections.
B) a lack of synaptic pruning.
C) plasticity.
D) environmental enrichment.
Q3) Theory of mind is dependent upon development of the ________ brain region because that area is important for understanding ________.
A) frontal; perspective taking and the mental states of others
B) temporal; planning and sequencing the order of events
C) frontal; planning and sequencing the order of events
D) temporal; perspective taking and the mental states of others
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John has a great capacity to empathize with others.He calls his parents three times a week.John's regular phone calls demonstrate that guilt:
A) encourages behaviors that strengthen relationships.
B) can be used to manipulate others.
C) demonstrates caring.
D) makes people faithful to their life partners.
Q2) Cesar has done so well in his economics class that he needs to earn only 43 of 100 points on the final exam to receive an A in the class.Cesar still studies a lot because he wants to get an A on the exam.Cesar's behavior is being motivated by a(n):
A) drive.
B) need.
C) habit.
D) incentive.
Q3) Motivation ________,whereas emotion ________.
A) produces behavior; influences motivation
B) influences emotion; produces behavior
C) is caused by cognition; influences cognition
D) influences cognition; is caused by cognition
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12
Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In examining the overlap of personality traits,you notice that Type A personality is likely correlated with ________,whereas Type B personality is most likely positively correlated with ________.
A) openness to experience; neuroticism
B) conscientiousness; agreeableness
C) extraversion; openness to experience
D) agreeableness; conscientiousness
Q2) According to the general adaptation syndrome,if stress continues long enough:
A) physiological and immune systems will begin to fail.
B) the stimuli initially seen as stressful will cease to affect the organism.
C) the immune system will become overactive and threaten the organism.
D) the organism will learn new methods of dealing with the stress.
Q3) Comparing the three-stages of the GAS model,you know that defenses are maximized during the ________ stage.
A) alarm
B) exhaustion
C) resistance
D) pituitary
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13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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200 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In making causal attributions,people from Eastern cultures differ from those in Western cultures in that they are:
A) less individualistic in their attributions.
B) less holistic in their attributions.
C) more likely to consider dispositional factors.
D) more likely to consider situational factors.
Q2) To create hostility and prejudice between two groups of boys for his Robber's Cave Study,Sherif:
A) had the groups compete with each other.
B) told each group negative things about the other group.
C) started a fight between members of the two groups.
D) clearly favored one group over the other.
Q3) If a political candidate wants to create a positive image that will convince people to contribute throughout a long campaign,the candidate should use campaign materials that:
A) feature endorsements from prominent people.
B) involve short emotional attacks on the opponent.
C) use catchy slogans and attention-grabbing graphics.
D) present well-argued descriptions of the candidate's positions.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Personality
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Genetics accounts for about ________ of the difference in individuals' personality traits.
A) 20-40 percent
B) 5-10 percent
C) 40-60 percent
D) 70-80 percent
Q2) What is the most significant aspect of Carl Rogers's approach to understanding personality?
A) the emphasis on unconscious motives
B) the intensity and rigidity of treatment
C) the focus on the subjective experiences that make up a person's life
D) the examination of forces outside of a person's control
Q3) According to research on physiological arousal and personality,which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?
A) cerebellum
B) amygdala
C) temporal lobes
D) hippocampus
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Leung gives all of her patients a short,valid,and reliable questionnaire that asks questions about sleeping habits,eating habits,daily activities,and emotional states.Based on this self-report information,Dr.Leung is able to assess whether depressive symptoms are present in each patient.Dr.Leung is making use of:
A) psychological testing.
B) neuropsychological testing.
C) applied behavioral analysis.
D) a mental status exam.
Q2) Which statement below most accurately describes the relationship between gender and depression?
A) Contrary to popular opinion,gender and depression are not related.
B) Men are slightly more likely than women to experience depression.
C) Women are twice as likely as men to experience depression.
D) Women are five times as likely as men to experience depression.
Q3) Which of the following experiences is NOT a symptom of a panic attack?
A) sweating
B) high heart rate
C) feelings of going crazy or dying
D) irresistible fatigue
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the limits of biological therapies in treating mental disorders is that:
A) such treatment may require long-term intervention.
B) almost all psychotropic drugs are habit forming.
C) they are more expensive than other forms of therapy.
D) they cannot be used with children.
Q2) Dr.Prajna treats patients with anxiety and mood disorders.She bases her therapeutic techniques and medication choices on recent scientific literature.She uses only treatments that have been shown to be effective in large,double-blind,controlled clinical trials.Dr.Prajna's views are similar to those of ________,who emphasized the use of
A) Carl Rogers; humanistic treatment guidelines
B) Aaron Beck; theory-based treatment guidelines
C)B.F.Skinner; behavior-based treatments
D) David Barlow; evidence-based treatments
Q3) Which of the following actions is NOT performed by at least one type of antidepressant?
A) increasing the action of monoamine oxidase
B) increasing the action of dopamine
C) increasing the action of serotonin
D) increasing the action of norepinephrine
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