Educational Statistics Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Educational Statistics introduces students to the fundamental concepts and techniques used in the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data in educational settings. The course covers descriptive statistics, probability distributions, sampling methods, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, and the use of statistical software. Emphasis is placed on practical applications of statistics in educational research, assessment, and policy decision-making, enabling students to critically evaluate research findings and make data-informed decisions in educational contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Statistics for People Who Think They Hate Statistics 6th Edition by Neil J. Salkind
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Chapter 1: Statistics or Sadistics Its up to You
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Sample Questions
Q1) A common goal in statistics is to ______.
A)generalize results from a sample to a population
B)generalize results from a population to a sample
C)generalize results from a population to a second population
D)generalize results from a sample to a second sample
Answer: A
Q2) What is the larger group from which a sample is drawn?
A)sample group
B)population
C)median
D)mode
Answer: B
Q3) What is a collection of information also called?
A)data set
B)sample statistic
C)descriptive statistic
D)population subset
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the symbol M represent?
A)population size
B)sample size
C)mean
D)individual score
Answer: C
Q2) What is the name of the letter
A)phi
B)rho
C)sigma
D)alpha
Answer: C
Q3) If you know M = 5, and the sum of scores is 20, what is n?
A)4
B).25
C)100
D)need more information
Answer: A
Q4) What is meant by the term outlier?
Answer: An outlier refers to any extreme scores in a data set.
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Chapter 3: Vive La Différence: Understanding Variability
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the most common measure of variability?
A)range
B)standard deviation
C)variance
D)mean deviation
Answer: B
Q2) When calculating the standard deviation, what must be done in order to obtain an unbiased estimate?
A)subtract 1 from X
B)add 1 to X
C)subtract 1 from n
D)add 1 to n
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following sets of scores has the least variability?
A)5, 4, 5, 6, 5
B)7, 2, 8, 9, 4
C)12, 14, 17, 19, 21
D)1, 2, 1, 7, 9
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were interested in tracking your GPA during the time you are in graduate school, which of the following might you use?
A)bar chart
B)line graph
C)pie chart
D)histogram
Q2) A visual representation of data can be a much more effective way of illustrating the characteristics of a distribution or data set as compared to numerical values alone.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the general principle of labelling in graph design?
A)Label everything.
B)Do not label everything.
C)Avoid labeling everything.
D)Do not avoid labeling everything.
Q4) A graph should communicate only one idea.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a frequency distribution?
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Chapter 5: Ice Cream and Crime: Computing Correlation
Coefficients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correlations would be interpreted as a very strong relationship?
A).80
B).70
C).60
D).50
Q2) The correlation between variable X and variable Y is represented by which of the following?
A)R(xy)2
B)r
C)rx(y)
D)Rx / y
Q3) What is the numerical index that describes the relationships between two variables?
A)regression coefficient
B)chi index
C)correlation coefficient
D)psi index
Q4) Is a correlation of 0.6 stronger than a correlation of -0.9? Why or why not?
Q5) What is the purpose of a scatterplot?
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Chapter 6: Just the Truth: An Introduction to Understanding
Reliability and Validity
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you correlate scores from your test with some other valid measure that assesses the same set of abilities, what type of validity evidence are you collecting?
A)criterion validity
B)content validity
C)construct validity
D)internal consistency
Q2) When we calculate reliability, we know the observed score.What are the two unknown components of the reliability equation?
A)method and error scores
B)means and standard deviations
C)test-retest and interrater scores
D)true and error scores
Q3) What are the traditional types of validity?
Q4) What is the difference between the true score and the observed score?
A)critical score
B)error score
C)expected score
D)reliable score
Page 8
Q5) Name four types of reliability and what they measure.
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Chapter 7: Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were to hypothesize that communication students will have a higher average score on the oral communication measures, you would have a ______.
A)directional research hypothesis
B)nondirectional research hypothesis
C)null hypothesis
D)hypothesis type that cannot be determined
Q2) Which of the following refers to the group you wish to generalize your results to?
A)population
B)sample
C)sampling error
D)general group
Q3) What is the purpose of the research hypothesis?
Q4) What does generalizability mean?
A)Results may be applied to the population studied.
B)Results apply only to the sample studied.
C)Sampling error is high.
D)The sample does not represent the population.
Q5) According to the book, what are five characteristics of a well-written hypothesis?
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Chapter 8: Are Your Curves Normal Probability and Why It
Counts
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a distribution has a mean of 25 and a standard deviation of 2, what value would be 4 standard deviations from the mean?
A)17
B)14
C)25
D)33
Q2) Why is it important that the tails of a normal curve never touch the x-axis?
Q3) What percentage of all scores fall below a z score of +1?
A)16%
B)34%
C)50%
D)84%
Q4) Both t scores and z scores are considered what type of score?
A)standard scores
B)error scores
C)average scores
D)standardized scores
Q5) The normal curve has no skew.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why do we use inferential statistics?
Q2) Which of the following occurs when you accept the null hypothesis when it is really false?
A)Type I error
B)correct decision
C)Type II error
D)power
Q3) After you select the appropriate test statistic, you ______.
A)provide a statement of the null hypothesis
B)set the level of significance
C)compute the test statistic value
D)determine the critical value needed for rejection of the null hypothesis
Q4) A smaller confidence interval would result in ______.
A)a wider range of values in the confidence interval
B)a smaller range of values in the confidence interval
C)the same range of values in the confidence interval
D)a range of values that cannot be determined in the confidence interval
Q5) Why can you not be 100% sure that the difference between two groups is not due to chance?
Q6) How would a researcher determine when statistical significance is important? Page 11
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Chapter 10: Only the Lonely: The One Sample Z-Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) An alternative hypothesis in a one-sample Z-test could be represented as follows:
A) \[H _ { 1 } : \bar { X } > \mu\]
B) \[H _ { 0 } : \bar { X } > \mu\]
C) \[H _ { 0 } : \bar { X } = \mu\]
D) \[H _ { 0 } : \bar { X } < \mu\]
Q2) What is an example in which a one-sample Z test would be appropriate?
Q3) SPSS does not offer a one-sample t-test.
A)True
B)False
Q4) After conducting a one-sample Z-test, you arrived at a value of 0.2 for the z value.What is your conclusion?
A)reject the null hypothesis
B)accept the null hypothesis
C)the result is too close to call
D)None of these
Q5) Write the formula of the null hypothesis for the following research problem: The Geography Department is interested in finding out if the average GPA of this year's graduating seniors is comparable to the average GPA of graduating seniors over the last 40 years.
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Chapter 11: Tea for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the symbol p represent in the following: t = 5.15, p < .01?
A)test statistic
B)t value
C)degrees of freedom
D)probability
Q2) In the effect size formula, what does s stand for?
A)standard error of mean
B)effect size
C)standard deviation
D)variance
Q3) If the effect size is .37, what is your interpretation of the group difference?
A)weak
B)small
C)medium
D)large
Q4) Effect size is a value that approximates the sample size and is a component of many statistical tests.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What does t = .23 mean?
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Chapter 12: Tea for Two Again: Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many subjects were examined based on the following: t = 2.001, p < .05?
A)29
B)30
C)31
D)32
Q2) To determine if you should accept a null hypothesis, you should compare the ______ value and the ______ value.
A)estimated; reliable
B)obtained; estimated
C)valid; invalid
D)obtained; critical
Q3) The t-test for dependent means is used when your sample is tested _______.
A)one time
B)two times
C)one or more times
D)two or more times
Q4) In hypothesis testing, the test statistic must be compared against the obtained value.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Two Groups Too Many Try Analysis of Variance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research study is investigating the effects of studying French 1, 2, or 3 hours weekly between fourth graders and ninth graders.How would this factorial design be best described?
A)2 × 3
B)3 × 2
C)3 × 3
D)6 × 3
Q2) How would you interpret the equation: H : µ = µ = µ ?
Q3) In ANOVA, the variance due to differences in performance is separated into variance that is due to differences between individuals _______ groups and variance due to differences _______ groups.
A)within; between B)above; between C)above; within D)over; between
Q4) When interpreting F , = 8.80, p < .05, what is the within-groups df?
A)30
B)27
C)3
D)2
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Chapter 14: Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of
Variancea Brief Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) When you are interested in finding out if students' achievement level changes over time as result of a reading intervention, what type of ANOVA would you use?
A)repeated measures
B)between-groups design
C)mixed design
D)one-way ANOVA
Q2) In the main effect F , = 5.25, p < .05, what is the number of 5.25?
A)the obtained value
B)the critical value
C)the probability level
D)the correlation
Q3) In the factorial ANOVA, participants are tested _______.
A)only once
B)exactly twice
C)once or more
D)twice or more
Q4) Why do we use SPSS to calculate a factorial ANOVA?
Q5) The factorial ANOVA is used when you have multiple independent variables.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Cousins or Just Good Friends Testing
Relationships Using Correlation Coefficient
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following indicates a nonsignificant correlation?
A)p < .05
B)p < .01
C)p = .02
D)p = .30
Q2) If you do not predict that a relationship between two variables will be either positive or negative, what type of test should you use?
A)two tailed
B)ANOVA
C)one tailed
D)Cohen's d
Q3) If a research hypothesis posits that there is a nondirect relationship between two variables, the test is _______.
A)one tailed
B)two tailed
C)negative
D)nondirectional
Q4) Write an example of a research hypothesis for a two-tailed t-test for the correlation coefficient.
18
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Chapter 16: Predicting Wholl Win the Super Bowl: Using
Linear Regression
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Sample Questions
Q1) Standard error of estimate is computed as the variance of all values for error in prediction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To predict one variable from another, you must first ______.
A)compute the mean
B)compute the standard deviation
C)compute the correlation
D)compute the variance
Q3) If the absolute value of your correlation is 0.9, your error in prediction will be ______.
A)high
B)low
C)very low
D)0
Q4) In linear regression, a regression equation is determined, which can be used to plot a regression line.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is linear regression?
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Chapter 17: What to Do When Youre Not Normal:
CHI-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests
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Q1) Which of the following nonparametric tests is used to determine if scores from a sample came from a specified population?
A)Mann-Whitney U
B)Fisher's exact
C)Kolmogorov-Smirnov
D)Spearman rank
Q2) Write a sample research question where the Fisher's exact test would be the most appropriate statistical technique to use.
Q3) The P in the null hypothesis represents the _______ of occurrences in any one category.
A)multiplication
B)subtraction
C)percentage
D)addition
Q4) A one-sample chi-square is also known as a _______.
A)goodness-of-fit test
B)test of independence
C)Wilcoxon rank
D)Mann-Whitney U
Chapter 18: Some Other Important Statistical Procedures
You Should Know About
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Q1) Give an example of a research situation where repeated-measures ANOVA would be the most appropriate statistical technique.
Q2) MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) is used when you want to include more than one dependent variable in an analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Give an example of a research situation where multiple regression would be the most appropriate statistical technique.
Q4) ______ set out to discover a particular relationship with less model building beforehand.
A)Exploratory techniques
B)Confirmatory techniques
C)Qualitative techniques
D)Quantitative techniques
Q5) Give an example of a research situation where factor analysis would be the most appropriate statistical technique.
Q6) Give an example of a research situation where ANCOVA would be the most appropriate statistical technique.
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Chapter 19: Data Mining: An Introduction to Getting the
Most Out of Your Big Data
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Sample Questions
Q1) SPSS modeler offers high level set of tools for ______.
A)data
B)text
C)data mining
D)data analysis
Q2) A pivot table can be created from almost any __________ output.
A)Google
B)SPSS
C)pivot
D)Microsoft
Q3) ____________ can help look for patterns among data.
A)Surveying
B)Data mining
C)Investigation
D)Information
Q4) Which tool is an effective one in counting with frequencies?
A)correlation
B)compare means
C)cross-tabulation
D)regression
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Chapter 20: A Statistical Software Sampler
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is billed as "statistical discovery software" that produces graphics with each statistical procedure?
A)SPSS
B)JMP
C)R
D)Minitab
Q2) Which of the following statistical software packages is free?
A)PSPP
B)Minitab
C)SPSS
D)JMP
Q3) PSPP is an open-source variant of SPSS.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the text, which of the following is the most popular statistical software package?
A)STATISTICA
B)Minitab
C)JMP
D)SPSS
Page 23
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Chapter
Sites for Statistics Stuff
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Sample Questions
Q1) The URL of a website will work consistently from day to day.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which online source offers lots of stats stuff?
A)Google
B)Yahoo
C)YouTube
D)Facebook
Q3) What is the resource locator that we often call the "web address?"
A)WA
B)URL
C)Locator
D)Address
Q4) A good resource for browsing hundreds and hundreds of links related to research is the University of Michigan's Research Guides page.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: The Ten Commandments of Data Collection
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Q1) Once you get in the habit of _______ possible participants, it may become too easy to cut a sample down to too small a size.
A)welcoming
B)adding
C)removing
D)skipping
Q2) You should always make a _______ of your data file and keep it in a separate location.
A)cleaner version
B)simpler version
C)duplicate version
D)more complex version
Q3) When you think about a research question, it is also important to think about the type of data you will have to collect to answer that question.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Always make a duplicate copy of the data file.
A)True
B)False
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