Child Development Pre-Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Child Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of children from prenatal stages through adolescence. The course examines major theories, developmental milestones, and factors influencing development such as genetics, family, culture, and environment. Students will analyze current research and case studies, gaining insight into typical and atypical development, the impact of early experiences, and the role of caregivers and educators. Emphasis is placed on understanding developmental diversity and applying knowledge to support childrens well-being in varied settings.
Recommended Textbook
Infants Children and Adolescents and MyVirtualChild 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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17 Chapters
2126 Verified Questions
2126 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23253
Sample Questions
Q1) A major limitation of naturalistic observation is that
A) the findings cannot be generalized beyond the participants and settings in which the research was originally conducted.
B) researchers cannot control the conditions under which participants are observed.
C) the research may not yield observations typical of participants' behavior in everyday life.
D) participants may not accurately report their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Answer: B
Q2) In her research, Dr. Rosenblum explores why shy children develop differently from their outgoing agemates. Dr. Rosenblum most likely emphasizes ________ in her research.
A) the role of distinct contexts
B) the nature-nurture controversy
C) the concept of stage
D) continuous development
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following children is least likely to participate in an available neighborhood organization?
A) Meagan, who lives in a lower-middle class area
B) Francois, who lives in a low-income area
C) Chantel, who lives in an upper-middle class area
D) Lucius, who lives in an affluent area
Answer: B
Q2) Genomic imprinting
A) can be triggered by smoking or exposure to environmental pollutants, such as mercury or lead.
B) occurs when alleles are chemically marked in such a way that one pair member is activated, regardless of its makeup.
C) is more likely to affect males because their sex chromosomes do not match.
D) is always permanent, cannot be erased in the next generation, and occurs in all offspring if it occurs in one.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the third trimester,
A) the fetus spends the majority of the day awake.
B) painkillers should be used during any surgical procedures performed on a fetus.
C) fetuses can hear bodily noises but not noises that occur outside of the womb.
D) higher fetal activity is linked with abnormal neurological development.
Answer: B
Q2) Today, the issue of whether to have children is a
A) biological given.
B) compelling social expectation.
C) matter of true individual choice.
D) matter of legacy.
Answer: C
Q3) Between the seventh and the ninth days after fertilization, _________ occurs.
A) the period of the embryo
B) the period of the fetus
C) implantation
D) cell duplication
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following individuals is the most likely to spend the greatest amount of time in REM sleep?
A) Trevor, a preterm baby
B) Alice, a five-year-old
C) Henry, a full-term infant
D) Erica, a 13-year-old
Q2) Prepared childbirth
A) includes routine use of strong pain-relieving drugs.
B) does not allow family members and friends to participate in the birth.
C) always takes place outside of a hospital setting.
D) involves techniques aimed at reducing pain and medical intervention.
Q3) The first stage of labor
A) is the shortest.
B) involves delivery of the baby.
C) climaxes with a brief phase called transition.
D) involves birth of the placenta.
Q4) Describe the signs that indicate that labor is near.
Q5) Describe ways parents and caregivers can soothe a crying baby, and explain how or why each technique works.
Page 6
Q6) What is "kangaroo care"? When and how is it used? What are its benefits?
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cerebral cortex
A) contains the greatest number of neurons and synapses in the brain.
B) is the first part of the brain to stop growing.
C) is less sensitive to environmental influences than other parts of the brain.
D) fully develops during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Q2) ______ is/are the first depth cues to which infants are sensitive.
A) Motion
B) Binocular depth cues
C) Pictorial depth cues
D) Spatial relationships
Q3) Which of the following statements is consistent with the proximodistal trend of body growth?
A) In the prenatal period, the head, chest, and trunk grow first, then the arms and legs.
B) At birth, the head takes up one-fourth of total body length, the legs only one-third.
C) In the prenatal period, the trunk grows first, followed by the chest and the head.
D) During infancy and childhood, the hands and feet develop more rapidly than the trunk.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Jessica accidentally pushes her stuffed toy behind the couch, out of her line of vision. One possible reason Jessica begins to cry is that she has not yet developed
A) an A-not-B search error.
B) conservation.
C) object permanence.
D) animistic thinking.
Q2) According to Piaget, during ________, children create new schemes or adjust old ones.
A) assimilation
B) disequilibrium
C) organization
D) accommodation
Q3) Baby Manny discovered how to use a stick to get toys that were out of reach. According to Piaget, Manny's behavior would best be described as a ________ circular reaction.
A) tertiary
B) secondary
C) primary
D) reflexive
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Effortful control
A) requires adult instruction and modeling.
B) is regarded as a major dimension of temperament.
C) plays a limited role in mental and social development.
D) is an ability that is present at birth.
Q2) Goodness of fit is
A) only effective with sociable, securely attached children.
B) rarely successful with difficult children.
C) only effective with infants and toddlers.
D) at the heart of infant-caregiver attachment.
Q3) Research on the quality and extent of child care shows that
A) most infants who are placed in full-time child care are insecurely attached.
B) full-time, but not part-time, work during the first year is detrimental to attachment security.
C) a history of higher-quality child care predicts poorer social skills.
D) child care alone does not contribute to attachment insecurity.
Q4) Describe the development of fear, noting the concepts of stranger anxiety and secure base.
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Q5) Describe Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory as it applies to the development of infant and toddler personality.
Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,
A) the Health-Care Reform Act will ensure insurance coverage for all U.S. children.
B) children can receive free medical examinations from birth through adolescence.
C) about 7.3 million children do not have health insurance.
D) businesses are required by the Health-Care Reform Act to offer health insurance to their employees.
Q2) One of the greatest immediate benefits of the U.S. Health-Care Reform Act is that A) all employers are required to provide affordable coverage to all workers.
B) Medicaid will no longer be necessary for low-income families.
C) government-sponsored health care will be provided free of charge for all families.
D) insurance companies cannot deny coverage because of preexisting conditions.
Q3) Discuss how sleep habits contribute to body growth in children, and explain how disrupted sleep affects cognitive functioning.
Q4) Describe strategies for preventing early otitis media.
Q5) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three-year-old Stacy pretends to make a grocery list while in the car on the way to the grocery store. This activity reflects Stacy's
A) emergent literacy.
B) animistic thinking.
C) private speech.
D) phonological awareness.
Q2) Eighteen-month-old Jazmin is offered sets of animal crackers. Each set contains 1, 2, or 4 crackers. Jazmin consistently picks the set with the most pieces, displaying a beginning grasp of A) cardinality.
B) estimation.
C) ordinality.
D) functionality.
Q3) Preschoolers' ability to reason about transformations is evident on A) conservation tasks.
B) tasks that require reasoning by analogy.
C) class inclusion problems.
D) hierarchical classification tasks.
Q4) How are a Piagetian and Vygotskian classroom similar? How do they differ?
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Denyse's preschool classroom, girls spent more time in the housekeeping, art, and reading corners, while boys gathered more often in the areas devoted to blocks, woodworking, and active play. This conformity to these cultural stereotypes is known as gender
A) typing.
B) identity.
C) segregation.
D) schema.
Q2) Reylynne describes herself by saying, "I'm helpful, but I'm shy." Reylynne is probably A) under 3 years old.
B) 3 to 5 years old.
C) 4 to 5 years old.
D) not a preschooler.
Q3) Which of the following disciplinary statements is the most likely to promote prosocial behavior?
A) "Pushing your sister is not okay."
B) "Your sister is crying because you pushed her and she fell down."
C) "You should be ashamed of yourself. Good girls do not push."
D) "Only bad girls push their sisters."
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following changes could you anticipate for the child of Ethiopian immigrants who relocated to the United States?
A) She will be taller and longer-legged than her agemates in Ethiopia.
B) She will be heavier and have thicker bones than her agemates in Ethiopia.
C) She will be taller than her parents, but will have shorter legs.
D) She will be shorter and start menstruation later than her agemates in Ethiopia.
Q2) Secretions of __________ are related to cognitive performance.
A) the frontal lobes
B) particular neurotransmitters
C) the corpus callosum
D) growth hormone
Q3) ________ percent of U.S. school-age children suffer from nocturnal enuresis, which refers to ________.
A) Twenty; nightmares
B) Ten; bedwetting during the night
C) Five; a brief period when breathing stops temporarily
D) Ten; fear of the dark
Q4) List and describe advances in four basic gross-motor capacities during middle childhood.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gardner's theory has sparked the development of programs to provide enrichment to all students. Which of the following is true regarding these programs?
A) Each student is encouraged to focus on only one specific area of interest or one particular talent.
B) They are not useful in identifying minority children who are underrepresented in school programs for the gifted.
C) Research has demonstrated the overwhelming effectiveness of such programs in nurturing children's talents.
D) They highlight the strengths of students who were previously considered ordinary or even at-risk.
Q2) Marisol was selected for her school's gifted program because she had outstanding performance in mathematics. Marisol scored 119 on the IQ test. At Marisol's school, the definition of giftedness has been extended to include A) talent.
B) creativity.
C) high IQ.
D) strong divergent thinking skills.
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14
Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents
A) more often praise girls for knowledge and boys for obedience.
B) behave in more mastery-oriented ways with daughters than with sons.
C) less often encourage girls to make their own decisions.
D) set higher standards for girls than for boys when helping a child with a task.
Q2) Axel can "step into his brother's shoes" and view his own thoughts, feelings, and behavior from his brother's point of view. Axel is at the stage of ________ perspective taking.
A) undifferentiated
B) social-informational
C) self-reflective
D) third-party
Q3) In which of the following scenarios is Henry, age 9, the most likely to experience guilt?
A) He accidentally knocks his friend over while running on the playground.
B) He breaks his mother's favorite glass while trying to help her clean the dishes.
C) He forgets to clean up his toys before leaving for school.
D) He peeks at the answers of his classmate during a spelling quiz.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kai has achieved his full adult appearance and anticipates assumption of adult roles. Kai is in which phase of adolescence?
A) early adolescence
B) middle adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) emerging adulthood
Q2) Studies involving genetic influences in homosexuality indicate that
A) homosexuality is more common on the paternal side of families.
B) fraternal twins are more likely to share a homosexual orientation than identical twins.
C) adoptive relatives are as likely to share a homosexual orientation as biological relatives.
D) homosexual brothers often have an identical segment of DNA on the X chromosome.
Q3) Twins, Jake and Molly, age 15, are both athletic. Which of the following is probably true?
A) Jake's gains in gross-motor performance are slow and gradual.
B) Molly is experiencing a dramatic spurt in strength, speed, and endurance.
C) By mid-adolescence, Jake will run faster and throw farther than Molly.
D) By late-adolescence, Molly will jump farther than Jake.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Leilani thinks that she wants to be an actress or a ballerina when she grows up. Her brother Reilly wants to be a football player or a motorcycle racer. Leilani and Reilly are currently in the ________ period of vocational development.
A) fantasy
B) tentative
C) realistic
D) decisive
Q2) Compared to students in an academic program, students in general education and vocational tracks are ________ likely to drop out.
A) no more
B) three times as
C) six times as
D) ten times as
Q3) Which of the following is a critical factor in eliminating gender differences in math and science?
A) finding a way to reduce genetic differences between the genders
B) creating all-girl science classes so that they will not be compared to boys
C) decreasing the amount of emphasis for boys to excel at math and science
D) promoting girls' interest and confidence in math and science
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erin has no real interests or hobbies, and she cannot stay committed to an activity, a part-time job, or her school work. Some of her peers have called her "shallow," and her aunt complains that she is "directionless." Erikson would say that Erin
A) is currently in the commitment phase of identity development. B) is experiencing role confusion.
C) has successfully resolved the intimacy stage of identity development.
D) is having trouble with her sense of industry.
Q2) Opponents of Kohlberg's theory argue in favor of a A) more flexable framework for moral development.
B) new emphasis on social order and ideal reciprocity.
C) pragmatic approach to morality.
D) instrumental stage of civic responsibility.
Q3) Ella has five good friends with whom she spends most of her time. This group of girls, who resemble each other in family background, attitudes, and values, is called a A) crowd.
B) clique.
C) club.
D) peer group.
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Chapter 17: Emerging Adulthood
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exposure to multiple viewpoints during emerging adulthood
A) often confuses young people, thereby delaying commitment to life goals.
B) encourages young people to adopt rigid values and beliefs.
C) often causes young people to rebel against their family values for a period of time.
D) encourages young people to look more closely at themselves, thereby developing a more complex self-concept.
Q2) Many ethnic minority young people
A) experience a longer period of emerging adulthood than their Caucasian agemates.
B) arrive at emerging adulthood with experiences that compromise their academic preparedness for college.
C) complete their college degrees by age 23 and enroll in graduate school shortly thereafter.
D) focus on career goals over finding a long-term romantic partner.
Q3) Eventually, the most mature individuals progress to A) dualistic thinking.
B) commitment within relativistic thinking.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) intuitive rationality.
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