Biomedical Sciences
Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Biomedical Sciences explores the biological processes and mechanisms that underpin human health and disease. This interdisciplinary field integrates principles from biology, chemistry, physiology, and medical sciences to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the human body functions at the molecular, cellular, and systemic levels. Students learn about topics such as human anatomy, genetics, microbiology, pharmacology, and pathology, preparing them for careers in healthcare, research, diagnostics, or biotechnology. Through lectures, laboratory work, and case studies, the course emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical skills essential for advancing medical science and improving patient care.
Recommended Textbook Fundamentals of Molecular Virology 2nd Edition by Nicholas H. Acheson
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
37 Chapters
959 Verified Questions
959 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2382 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Virology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47270
Sample Questions
Q1) The study of which group of viruses led to the discovery of cellular genes that can promoter cancer in animal cells?
A) papillomaviruses
B) retroviruses
C) adneoviruses
D) polyomaviruses
E) picornaviruses
Answer: B
Q2) The particle to plaque ratio for most animal viruses is much greater than one.What are the reasons why not 100% of animal virus particles, as seen under the electron microscope, can productively infect cells?
Answer: Not all virus particles as seen under the electron microscope are intact virions capable of binding and entering a host cell.Some virus particles contain defective genomes that lack one or more critical genes necessary for viral replication.Some viral particles contain empty capsids, which means that there is not genome inside the virion.Finally, cells have many antiviral defense mechanisms that can shut down a virus infection before it can be completed.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Virus Structure and Assembly
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47271
Sample Questions
Q1) What does the term "quasi-equivalent" mean with respect to the proteins in an icosahedral capsid?
A) If the identical protein is used, it has both 5-fold and 6-fold interactions with the other proteins in the capsid.
B) There are different proteins in the capsid with similiar shapes.
C) They all use the "jelly-roll" protein structure.
D) There can be more than one type of glycoprotein in the envelope.
E) All of the proteins interact in a 5-fold arrangement.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following describes the number of subunits per turn in a helical capsid?
A) P (pitch)
B) (mu)
C) (rho)
D) Triangulation number
E) symmetry
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Virus Classification: The World of Viruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47272
Sample Questions
Q1) An interesting observation is that many highly pathogenic and deadly human viruses have the following type of genome?
A) ssDNA, positive sense
B) ssDNA, negative sense
C) ssRNA, positive sense
D) ssRNA, negative sense
E) dsRNA
Answer: D
Q2) Why is the type of disease caused not the best criteria to use when classifying a virus?
Answer: The disease caused by a specific virus is not usually related to the evolutionary history of that virus.Viruses with very different types of genomes, virion structures, and replication pathways can cause the same type of disease.For example, there are at least 5 different viruses that cause a form of hepatitis in humans and these viruses are in 5 different families.Families, which are based on genome and virion structure, represent evolutionary relationships between viruses.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Virus Entry
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47273
Sample Questions
Q1) It would be correct to say that in a topological sense the nucleocapsid of an enveloped virion has never left the cytoplasm of a host cell.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following describes the function of dynein?
A) It is a protein involved in importing cargo into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex.
B) It is a motor protein that moves along microtubules towards the nucleus.
C) It is a motor protein that moves along microtubules towards the cell periphery.
D) It is a cell structure used to pass virus particles directly between host cells.
E) It a cellular membrane protein used as a cell receptor by many viruses.
Q3) The interaction between the viral particle and the host cell receptor is a major determinant of the species specificity of viral infections.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Single-Stranded RNA Bacteriophages
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47274
Sample Questions
Q1) In the ssRNA phage MS2, translation of the lysis protein gene is dependent on which of the following events?
A) Replication of the viral genomic RNA.
B) Initiation of translation of the replicase gene.
C) Binding of the coat protein to the nucleation site on the genome.
D) Termination of translation of the coat protein gene.
E) Initiation of translation of the maturation gene.
Q2) Why are ssRNA phages used as an index organism to detect the presence of pathogenic enteroviruses in the sewage treatment process?
A) The RNA phage are smaller than the pathogenic viruses.
B) The RNA phage are easier to inactivate than the pathogenic viruses.
C) The RNA phage are more stable than the pathogenic viruses.
D) The RNA phage are easier to quantify using a plaque assay than the pathogenic viruses.
E) The RNA phage are easier to see with an electron microscope than the pathogenic viruses
Q3) The RNA phages do not use a tail assembly to inject their genome through the cell wall of the host cell.How do they get their genome into the host cell?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Microviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47275
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Both microviruses and gokushoviruses package a ssDNA genome.
B) Microviruses use two different scaffolding proteins while gokushoviruses only use one.
C) The genomes of the gokushoviruses are much smaller than the microviruses.
D) Both microviruses and gokushoviruses infect free living bacterial cells.
E) Both microviruses and gokushoviruses package their genomes into small icosahedral capsids.
Q2) Why must the microviruses produce dsDNA before viral genes can be expressed?
A) Only dsDNA can be packaged into virions.
B) DsDNA is more stable than ssDNA.
C) Only dsDNA is a substrate for transcription by the host RNA polymerase.
D) Only dsDNA is a substrate for replication by the host DNA polymerase.
E) The viral regulatory proteins can only bind to double-stranded DNA.
Q3) The bacteriophage X174 has several weak transcriptional terminators which leads to mRNAs with different 5' ends.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Bacteriophage
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47276
Sample Questions
Q1) What is unique about the RNA polymerase encoded by the bacteriophage T7?
A) It depends on host cell proteins for its function.
B) It is composed of a single polypeptide.
C) It is composed of many polypeptides.
D) It can transcribe host genes in addition to viral genes.
E) It can only transcribe the Class I genes on the T7 genome.
Q2) The entry of the genome of the bacteriophage T7 is dependent on which of the following processes?
A) Division of the infected host cell.
B) Replication of the viral genome by host DNA polymerase.
C) Translation of the viral genome by the host ribosomes.
D) Transcription of viral genes by the viral RNA polymerase.
E) Transcription of viral genes by the host RNA polymerase.
Q3) What is interesting about the promoters that direct transcription of the Class II and Class III genes from bacteriophage T7?
A) They are very rich in GC basepairs.
B) They are much longer and more complex than the host gene promoters.
C) They can only be recognized by the viral RNA polymerase.
D) They can be recognized by either the host or viral RNA polymerase.
E) They are not very highly conserved.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Bacteriophage Lambda
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47277
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the binding affinity of the phage cI repressor to the three rightward operators (O<sub>R</sub>1, O<sub>R</sub>2, O<sub>R</sub>3)controls transcription from both P<sub>R</sub> and P<sub>RM</sub>?
Q2) What is the function of the cos sites in the phage genome?
A) They function as the origin of DNA replication
B) They bind to the cI repressor
C) They bind to the N antiterminator
D) They circularize the genome
E) They are the sites of integration with the host chromosome
Q3) Which of the following terms describes a bacteriophage that can either produce new virus particles or exist as a repressed integrated viral genome?
A) Lysogenic
B) Temperate
C) Prophage
D) Lytic
E) Lysogen
Q4) Explain the mechanisms by which treatment of a phage lysogen with UV light leads to the induction of the prophage and the production of virus particles.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Viruses of Archaea
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47278
Sample Questions
Q1) What information was used to identify the three domains of life?
A) Sequence of the 16S ribosomal RNA
B) Sequence of the mitochondrial genome
C) Sequence of the cytochrome c gene
D) Chemical structure of the cell wall
E) Chemical structure of phospholipids
Q2) Into which of the following genes in the host cell genome does the archaea virus
SSV-1 integrate its genome?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Transfer RNA
D) Translation initiation factor
E) Ribosomal RNA
Q3) Archaea are singled-celled microorganisms that share which of the following characteristics with eukaryotic cells?
A) Initiate translation of proteins with a methionine, not N-formyl-methionine.
B) Contain histone-like proteins to condense their genomic DNA.
C) Use a TATA-binding protein to initiate transcription of their genes.
D) Have similar enzymes involved in DNA replication .
E) All of the above are correct.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: Cucumber Mosaic Virus
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47279
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has been used as a system to study brome mosaic virus replication?
A) Bacterial cells
B) Yeast cells
C) Insect cells
D) Animal cells
E) Human cells
Q2) Plants infected with cucumber mosaic virus are more tolerant to drought and cold than uninfected plants.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following describes the hypersensitive response in plants infected with the cucumber mosaic virus?
A) The virus moves into the vascular tissue and causes a systemic infection.
B) The virus causes an asymptomatic infection.
C) Virus replication is limited to a local region of infection.
D) The plant is completely resistant to the virus.
E) Virus replication only occurs in the newest tissues on the plant.
Q4) Describe how satellite RNAs of the cucumber mosaic virus are act as parasites of the virus.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Picornaviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47280
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a member of the picornavirus family?
A) Common cold
B) Polio
C) Hepatitis A
D) Influenza
E) Foot-and-mouth disease
Q2) The 5' end of the poliovirus genomic RNA contains all of the following EXCEPT
A) A 5' cap
B) An unusually long noncoding region
C) A pyrimidine-rich tract
D) A high degree of RNA secondary structure
E) Multiple AUG start codons
Q3) Once the viral genome has entered the host cell, poliovirus does not require any of the virion proteins to carry out its infectious cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how the rhinovirus capsid can evolve to evade the immune system yet can still bind and recognize the same host cell receptor.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Flaviviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47281
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the final processing steps that the flavivirus virion goes through in order to be converted from an immature virion into a mature infectious virion.
Q2) Describe the events that events that lead West Nile virus from moving from a local epidemic to becoming endemic in the United States.
Q3) Infection with a second strain of Dengue fever virus within two years of having had the first strain causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following conditions is required to induce fusion of the flavivirus envelope with the host cell membrane?
A) Increase in pH
B) Decrease in pH
C) Binding of envelope protein to the host cell receptor
D) Uptake of the virion into a vesicle.
E) Proteolytic degradation of the virion.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
14
Chapter 13: Togaviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47282
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the advantages of the alphavirus vector that uses a double subgenomic RNA for expressing foreign proteins is that it does NOT need a helper virus to produce virions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following members of the Togavirus family caused an epidemic in the Indian Ocean region in 2005?
A) Ross River virus
B) Sindbis virus
C) Venezuelan encephalitis virus
D) Chikungunya virus
E) Rubella virus
Q3) There are two proposed mechanisms for how togaviruses assemble their virions.Describe the two mechanisms and any available evidence that supports them.
Q4) The subgenomic mRNA from togaviruses is synthesized from a subgenomic negative-strand RNA.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Coronaviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47283
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following coronavirus proteins is responsible for virus entry and is the primary determinant of host range?
A) Spike (S) protein
B) Envelope (E) protein
C) Membrane (M) protein
D) Hemagglutinin-Esterase (HE) protein
E) Nucleocapsid (N) protein
Q2) How do coronavirus enveloped virions get released from the host cell?
A) The viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane, releasing the virion.
B) They lyse open the host cell.
C) Virus containing vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, releasing virions.
D) They bud from the surface of the host cell.
E) All of the above are mechanisms used by coronaviruses.
Q3) The TRS sequence on the coronavirus genome is involved in which of the following processes?
A) Synthesis of the full length negative strand copy of the genome.
B) Transcription of the subgenomic negative strands.
C) Synthesis of the full-length positive strand genomes.
D) Packaging of the viral genome into the capsid.
E) Translation of the genome into protein.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Paramyxo-Viruses and Rhabdoviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47284
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes the process of RNA editing as used by the paramyxoviruses?
A) Removal of an introns and splicing together of the exons.
B) Splicing together of two separate RNAs.
C) Removal of one or two nucleotides from the 5' end of the mRNA.
D) Addition of one or two non-template nucleotides to the mRNA.
E) Removal of one or two nucleotides from the middle of the mRNA.
Q2) Rhabdoviruses can infect a wide variety of hosts including insects, plants and vertebrates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What mechanism do the paramyxoviruses use to produce 5 different proteins from a single gene on their genome?
A) Use of alternative start codons.
B) Read-through of a stop codon.
C) Ribosomal frameshifting
D) RNA editing
E) Both RNA editing and alternative start codons are used.
Q4) Describe two major differences between transcription and genome replication in paramyxoviruses.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Filovirouses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47285
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following animals appears to be the reservoir for filovirus infections?
A) monkeys and primates
B) bats
C) racoons
D) domestic livestock
E) insects
Q2) All of the following factors can affect the efficiency of transcription of the mRNAs in the Ebola virus EXCEPT .
A) Strength of the polymerase binding site.
B) Location of the gene in the genome.
C) RNA secondary structure at 3' end of gene.
D) RNA secondary structure in the intergenic region.
E) Presence of overlapping genes.
Q3) The GP protein of Ebola virus is unusual from the glycoproteins from other negative-strand RNA viruses in two major ways.Describe these differences.
Q4) The total number of recorded filovirus infections has not yet exceed 3000 cases.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
18
Chapter 17: Bunyaviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47286
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following bunyaviruses is NOT transmitted by an insect vector?
A) Tomato spotted wilt virus
B) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
C) Rift Valley Fever virus
D) Hantaan virus
E) La Crosse virus
Q2) Bunyaviruses remove the 5' ends of cellular mRNAs.Describe the mechanism that these viruses use to do this and how the virus uses these RNA fragments.What advantage does this provide to the virus?
Q3) Viruses, such as bunyaviruses, that use ambisense coding, do which of the following to produce their mRNAs?
A) They translate the positive end of the viral segment first.
B) They translated the negative end of the viral segment first.
C) They copy the positive end of the viral segment into mRNA first.
D) They copy the negative end of the viral segment into mRNA first.
E) They translate the entire ambisense viral segment into protein first.
Q4) The bunyavirus Sin Nombre caused a severe respiratory infection in Asia in 2003.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19
Chapter 18: Influenza Viruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47287
Sample Questions
Q1) Cleavage of the HA protein of influenza by cellular proteases is important for which of the following?
A) Activation of the fusion peptide.
B) Creation of the sialic acid binding site.
C) Release of the envelope proteins from the Golgi.
D) Attachment of the envelope to the capsid.
E) Insertion of the HA protein into the membrane.
Q2) Which of the following describes the function of the NS1 protein made during an influenza virus infection?
A) Inhibition of cellular antiviral defenses.
B) Activation of viral RNA polymerase.
C) Transport of nucleocapsids out of the nucleus.
D) Inhibition of cellular RNA polymerase.
E) Inhibition of antibody production.
Q3) Influenza virus is one of the only RNA viruses that replicates in the nucleus of the host cell.How does this virus regulate transport of viral nucleocapsids into and out of the nucleus at various times during the infection?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20
Chapter 19: Reoviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47288
Sample Questions
Q1) Reoviruses keep their genome sequestered inside the inner capsid throughout the entire infectious cycle.Which of the following is the best explanation for why do they not release the genome segments out into the cytoplasm?
A) The double-stranded RNA segments activate the interferon response.
B) There are cellular enzymes that specifically degrade double-stranded RNA.
C) The RNA segments can not be translated by the cellular ribosomes.
D) Double-stranded RNA is sequestered into special compartments within the cytoplasm.
E) There are cellular proteins that will bind double-stranded RNA and inhibit it.
Q2) Infection of a cell with a reovirus can activate which of the following cellular proteins or processes?
A) NF-\( \kappa \)B
B) IRF-3
C) Apoptosis
D) Caspases
E) All of the above are correct.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 20: Parvoviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47289
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following describes the fate of the AAV parvovirus genome in the absence of a helper virus?
A) It is degraded.
B) It integrates into a nonspecific location on a human chromosome.
C) It integrates into a specific location on chromosome 19.
D) It is replicated, just more slowly in the absence of the helper virus.
E) It is maintained as an episome in the nucleus of the infected cell.
Q2) Parvoviruses can only productively infect cells that are NOT going through the cell cycle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following steps has been shown to be blocked in cells that are nonpermissive for parvoviruses?
A) Binding of the virion to the correct receptor.
B) Uncoating of the virion.
C) Transcription of viral mRNAs.
D) Synthesis of viral proteins.
E) Replication of the viral genome.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 21: Polyomaviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47290
Sample Questions
Q1) The small T antigen of SV40 regulates the cell cycle of the host cell by DIRECTLY doing which of the following?
A) Turning on transcription of cyclin D1.
B) Turning on the activity of the MAP kinase.
C) Inhibiting the activity of the PP2A phosphatase.
D) Phosphorylating the transcription factor AP1.
E) Inactivating the p53 protein.
Q2) The enhancer sequence on the SV40 chromosome is located on the opposite side of the genome from the intergenic region.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The polyomavirus SV40 has been used as an in vitro model for studying the biochemistry of DNA replication in mammalian cells.Explain why SV40 is a good model for studying this process.
Q4) Most individuals who were born in the US between 1941 and 1961 have been accidentally injected with SV40 contaminated poliovirus vaccine.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 23
Chapter 22: Papillomaviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47291
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is thought to be the reservoir for human papilomaviruses?
A) Cottontail rabbits
B) Surfaces contaminated with papillomaviruses.
C) Human male genital tract.
D) Human female genital tract
E) Both male and female genital tracts.
Q2) The Pap test, named after George Papanicolaou, screens for the presence of cancer cells in the cervix.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Productive infections with human papillomaviruses have been difficult to study in cultured cells.Which of the following explains why?
A) They only infect human cells in culture.
B) They only produce a few virions per infectious cycle.
C) The viral particles are difficult to purify.
D) They only produce virions in differentiated keratinocytes.
E) They induce a strong interferon response in infected cells.
Q4) Mutations in the p53 gene are seen in over 50% of human tumors.
A)True
B)False
Page 24
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 23: Adenoviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47292
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are involved in determining the type of mRNAs produced during adenovirus infection EXCEPT ..
A) Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II.
B) Location of the transcriptional promoters.
C) Location of the start codons.
D) Alternative mRNA splicing.
E) Alternative polyadenylation sites.
Q2) Which component of the adenovirus virion binds to the host cell receptor?
A) Knob on the fiber protein.
B) Penton base.
C) Hexons.
D) Minor capsid proteins.
E) Both "a" and "b" can bind to different receptors.
Q3) Adenovirus virions are composed of which of the following components?
A) Hexons composed of trimers of the hexon protein.
B) Penton bases composed of five copies of the penton protein.
C) Penton fibers composed of trimers of polypeptide IV.
D) Basic polypeptides bound to the viral DNA.
E) All of the above are correct.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 25
Chapter 24: Herpesviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47293
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following viral glycoproteins from herpes simplex virus are involved with fusion of the envelope with the cellular plasma membrane?
A) gH and gL
B) gB
C) gC
D) gD
E) All of the above.
Q2) The a genes of herpes simplex are expressed at which time point during the viral replication cycle?
A) Immediate-early
B) Early
C) Delayed-early
D) Late
E) Delayed-early and late
Q3) During one round of infection with the herpes simplex virus, all four isoforms of the viral genome are produced.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 26
Chapter 25: Baculoviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47294
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following observations was the MOST crucial in the development of recombinant baculoviruses that can express large amounts of foreign proteins?
A) Baculoviruses can enter mammalian cells but can not replicate.
B) The polyhedrin gene is not essential for virus replication in cell culture.
C) Viruses missing the polyhedrin gene can be distinguished from wild-type viruses microscopically.
D) Recombinant viruses can produce large amounts of a foreign protein when introduced into insect cells in culture.
E) The polyhedrin gene has a very strong promoter that produces large amounts of mRNA late in the infection.
Q2) Which of the following proteins from baculovirus is responsible for transactivating the viral early genes and is the major regulator of viral gene expression?
A) IE-0
B) IE-1
C) IE-2
D) PE38
E) LEF-1
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 27
Chapter 26: Poxviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47295
Sample Questions
Q1) Because poxviruses replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm of the host cell, they must encode which of the following enzymes?
A) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
B) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase.
C) mRNA processing enzymes.
D) Enzymes to produce deoxoynucleotides.
E) All of the above are encoded.
Q2) We no longer vaccinate people for smallpox because there are no stocks of smallpox anywhere on the planet.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following describes the process of variolation, which was an early method to prevent smallpox infections?
A) Exposure of children to milkmaids infected with cowpox.
B) Quarantine of smallpox victims for 40 days.
C) Use of plant extracts to prevent smallpox infection.
D) Blowing powdered pock scabs into the nose.
E) Exposure of young children to people with an active smallpox infection.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 28
Chapter 27: Viruses of Algae and Mimivirus
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47296
Sample Questions
Q1) One of the reasons why the phcyodnaviruses are so diverse is that their hosts are ancient and equally as diverse.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following characteristics are common to the virions of all of the phycodnaviruses EXCEPT:
A) They have a core which contains the double-stranded DNA genome.
B) The DNA containing core is surrounded a lipid bilayer.
C) The internal lipid membrane is surrounded by an icosahedral capsid.
D) The presence of an outer membrane acquired by budding from the host cell.
E) All of the above are found in the virions of all phycodnaviruses.
Q3) What does mimivirus have in common with poxviruses?
A) They both have genomes of over 1 million base-pairs.
B) Their virions are both large enough to be easily seen with a light microscope.
C) They both have a brick shaped virion.
D) They both replicate in the cytoplasm of their host cell.
E) The both cause severe and deadly diseases in humans.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 29
Chapter 28: Retroviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47297
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following ensures that the Pol protein is packaged into the virions of retroviruses during assembly?
A) The Pol protein is bound to a fatty acid.
B) The Pol protein is packaged as a Gag-Pol fusion protein.
C) The Pol protein binds to the packaging sequence on the viral genome.
D) The Pol protein is translated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
E) The Pol protein binds to the reverse transciptase enzyme during assembly.
Q2) Which of the following primarily determines the species and type of cell infected by a specific retrovirus?
A) The tRNAs found in the cytoplasm.
B) The host cell receptor found on the cell.
C) The types of transcription factors in the nucleus.
D) The level of deoxynucleotide triphosphates in the cytoplasm of the cell.
E) All of the above.
Q3) Retroviruses only integrate into a few very sequence specific sites within the host cell genome.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 30
Chapter 29: Human Immunodeficiency
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47298
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cell types facilitates the initial infection with HIV and helps to transmit the virus across mucosal membranes?
A) Dendritic cells
B) CD4-positive T lymphocytes
C) CD8-positive T lymphocytes
D) B lymphocytes
E) Monocytes
Q2) The loss of CD4 positive T cells as a result of infection with HIV eventually causes which of the following to happen in an HIV infected person?
A) Loss of immune competency and an increase in other infections.
B) An increase in the number of T cells leading to leukemia.
C) An over activation of the immune system and autoimmune diseases.
D) An increase in the production of cytokines, leading to a "cytokine storm".
E) B cell lymphomas as a direct result of infection of B cells with HIV.
Q3) People who have a natural mutation in the gene encoding the CCR5 protein are resistant to infection with HIV.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 30: Hepadnaviruses
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47299
Sample Questions
Q1) Like retroviruses, the genome of hepatitis B virus is integrated into the genome of the host cell.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following describes the control sequences that hepatitis B viruses uses to direct transcription and processing of the viral mRNAs?
A) There are 5 promoters and 1 polyadenylation site.
B) There are 3 promoters and 2 polyadenylation sites.
C) There are 2 promoters and 2 polyadenylation sites.
D) There is only 1 promoter and 1 polyadenylation site. Different mRNAs are produced via alternative mRNA splicing.
E) The virus only produces a single mRNA which is the pregenomic mRNA.
Q3) Describe the methods used to both prevent and treat hepatitis B virus (HBV)infections.
Q4) The unusual structure of the of the hepatitis B virus genome found in the virion is a result of the mechanism used to replicate the genome.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 32
Chapter 31: Viroids and Hepatitis Delta Virus
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47300
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about the plant satellite RNAs is FALSE?
A) Satellite RNAs encode their own capsid protein.
B) Satellite RNAs are transmitted to new hosts via a virion.
C) Satellite RNAs require a helper virus in order to be replicated.
D) Satellite RNA genomes are composed of small circular RNA molecules that contain a high degree of base pairing.
E) Satellite RNAs contain a ribozyme function that can cleave longer RNA molecules into single genomes.
Q2) Hepatitis delta virus is transmitted through the same pathways as hepatitis B virus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The formation of the antigenome template of hepatitis delta virus requires which of the following cellular enzymes?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
C) RNA polymerase I
D) RNA polymerase II
E) RNA polymerase III
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 32: Prions
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47301
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the general term used to describe the type of disease caused by prions?
A) Transmissible neurodegeneration
B) Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
C) Chronic inflammatory neuropathy
D) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
E) Huntington's disease
Q2) All prion associated diseases are confined to which of the following organ systems of the body?
A) Immune system.
B) Muscular system.
C) Central nervous system.
D) Digestive system.
E) Endocrine system.
Q3) Describe how the prion hypothesis explains how there can be both an acquired and a genetic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Q4) The PrP protein is more resistant to proteases than the PrP protein.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the observations that link new variant CJD with BSE.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 34
Chapter 33: Intrinsic Cellular Defenses Against Virus
Infection
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47302
Sample Questions
Q1) Both RIG-1 and TLR-7 are membrane bound proteins that can bind to single-stranded viral RNA.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of viral gene product used to avoid the antiviral effects of the PKR enzymes?
A) Adenovirus VA I RNAs
B) Vaccinia SK-1 protein
C) Reovirus 3 capsid protein
D) HIV tat transactivator
E) These are all examples of anti-PKR proteins.
Q3) Which of the following interferon induced proteins has the ability to hydrolyze GTP?
A) 2', 5'-oligo(A) snythetase
B) Jak-Stat
C) PKR
D) Mx
E) Ribonuclease A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 35
Chapter 34: Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Virus Infection
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47303
Sample Questions
Q1) The complement system is only effective at attacking bacterial infections but has no role in fighting off viral infections.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain how B and T lymphocytes produced a variety of cell surface receptors that can bind a wide variety of epitopes on antigens.How is this related to the clonal selection theory?
Q3) What happens when the T cell receptor on a CD8 positive T cell recognizes the peptide displayed in the MHC-I complex on an infected cell?
A) It attracts natural killer cells, which kill the infected cell.
B) It releases interferon g which stimulates macrophages to engulf the cell.
C) It releases IL-4 to stimulate the B cells to release antibodies.
D) It releases proteins that kill the infected cell.
E) It releases IL-12 which stimulates the production of Th1 cells.
Q4) Pathogen specific B and T lymphocytes are mostly localized in specialized organs of the lymphatic system.
A)True B)False
Page 36
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 35: Antiviral Vaccines
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47304
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a vaccine that is composed of a live wild-type virus?
A) Influenza virus vaccine
B) Measles virus vaccine
C) Vaccinia virus
D) Chickenpox virus vaccine
E) Polio virus vaccine
Q2) Which of the following describes the chimeric rotavirus vaccine?
A) A plasmid that expresses the surface glycoprotein from rotavirus.
B) A single capsid protein from human rotavirus that forms virus-like particles.
C) A chimpanzee rotavirus that has been shown to be non-pathogenic in humans.
D) The surface glycoprotein gene of the human virus inserted into the bovine virus.
E) The surface glycoprotein gene of the bovine virus inserted into the human virus.
Q3) Only live wild-type or attenuated vaccines can be delivered orally or nasally.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 36: Antiviral Chemotherapy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47305
Sample Questions
Q1) Many antiviral drugs, like AZT and acyclovir, belong to which of the following groups of compounds?
A) Nucleotide analogues
B) Nucleoside analogues
C) Nonnucleoside inhibitors
D) Neuraminidase inhibitors
E) Protease inhibitors
Q2) Which of the following enzymes from herpes simplex virus is required to activate the antiviral drug acyclovir?
A) Ribonucleotide reductase.
B) Thymidine kinase.
C) DNA polymerase.
D) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase.
E) Guanine kinase.
Q3) The chemical structure of ritonavir, an inhibitor of the HIV protease, resembles both the original substrate and the transition state intermediate of the enzyme.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 37: Eukaryotic Virus Vectors
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/47306
Sample Questions
Q1) Production of adeno-associated virus (AAV)vectors requires several of the proteins from adenovirus.What is the major advantage of expressing these proteins from plasmids rather than infecting the packaging cells with live adenovirus?
A) There will be no immune response against the infected cells.
B) There will be no adenovirus particles in the AAV virus preparations.
C) There will be no release of interferon from the infected cells.
D) The packaging cells will not become transformed.
E) The packaging cells will produce a higher amount of recombinant AAV particles.
Q2) Which of the following viruses has been used to express large proteins in cultured cells?
A) Adenovirus.
B) Baculovirus
C) Herpes simplex virus
D) Both adenovirus and baculovirus
E) Both adenovirus and herpes simplex virus
Q3) Adeno-associated virus can infect dividing as well as nondividing cells.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.