Behavioral Science Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Behavioral Science is an interdisciplinary course that explores the mechanisms underlying human behavior through the lenses of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and related fields. This course examines how individuals and groups think, feel, and act, emphasizing the influence of cognitive processes, social dynamics, cultural norms, and environmental factors. Students will analyze theories and empirical research to better understand topics such as motivation, decision-making, personality, development, social interaction, and mental health. By integrating scientific findings with real-world applications, the course prepares students to apply behavioral principles in areas like healthcare, business, education, and public policy.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Psychology Domains of Knowledge About Human Nature 4th Edition by Randy J. Larsen
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The group differences level of personality analysis addresses how every human is
A)like all others.
B)like some others.
C)like no others.
D)somewhat like other mammals
Answer: B
Q2) To say that someone has the trait of happiness, you need to know that the person
A)is happy at a given moment.
B)is frequently happy.
C)remembers being happy.
D)makes others happy.
Answer: B
Q3) Responses to an ink-blot test can demonstrate which part of the person-environment interaction?
A)Perceptions
B)Manipulations
C)Evocations
D)Selections
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Personality Assessment, Measurement, and Research Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of an unstructured questionnaire?
A)True/False
B)Forced choice
C)Open-ended
D)Rorschach test
Answer: C
Q2) When three measures of extraversion correlate highly with each other they can be described as having
A)discriminant validity.
B)triangulated validity.
C)convergent validity.
D)inter-test validity.
Answer: C
Q3) In the Twenty Statements Test (i.e., the "Who am I?" test), which of the following is important to the scoring?
A)The order and syntax of the statements
B)The context and structure of the statements
C)The order and content of the statements
D)The complexity and syntax of the statements
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Traits and Trait Taxonomies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be one way that you might determine the importance of a trait using the lexical strategy?
A)Find the number of synonyms for that characteristic in the lexicon.
B)Determine if that trait is represented in all parts of the lexicon (noun, verb, adjective, etc.).
C)Examine the lexicon for biological words that represent that trait.
D)Determine if there are words representing each pole (end) of that trait in the language.
Answer: A
Q2) Factor analysis can be applied to
A)adjective ratings.
B)a true/false questionnaire.
C)self-ratings on personality relevant statements.
D)all of these choices.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Theoretical and Measurement Issues in Trait Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the concept that refers to the idea that a person may act in a certain way only in particular circumstances.
A)Faking response
B)Situational specificity
C)Extreme responding
D)Aggregation
Q2) Which of the following would an employer most want to have if taken to court for using personality tests to select employees?
A)The expert opinion of a psychologist.
B)Data showing that the tests predict job performance.
C)Written consent of applicants.
D)Data showing that the test predicts psychopathology.
Q3) The correlation between _____ and ____ would likely be the highest.
A)shyness averaged over a month; shyness on a given day
B)shyness averaged over a month; shyness averaged over a week
C)shyness averaged over a month; shyness averaged over a different month
D)shyness on a given day; shyness on another day
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Personality Dispositions Over Time: Stability,
Coherence, and Change
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Q1) People whose actual selves are close to their ideal selves score high on measures of A)possible selves.
B)feared selves.
C)desired selves.
D)self-esteem.
Q2) _____ is defined as both the consistencies in people and the ways people change over time.
A)Personality development
B)Rank order stability
C)Mean level stability
D)Personality coherence
Q3) Trait neuroticism and negative affect scores tend to _____ from the freshman to senior years in college.
A)increase strongly
B)decrease strongly
C)remain stable
D)fluctuate wildly
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Genetics and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most studies linking a specific gene to personality
A)fail to find a relationship.
B)find that the gene accounts for a small percentage of variance.
C)find that the gene accounts for a moderate percentage of variance.
D)find that the gene accounts for a large percentage of variance.
Q2) At the level of the individual
A)there is no nature-nurture debate.
B)genes are useful in studying personality.
C)the idiographic genetic approach should be used.
D)genes determine most of personality.
Q3) David, an extravert, and Tom, is an introvert, are studying in a small room with the television's volume is quite loud.Based on what you know about genotype-environment interactions, what can you say about how effectively the two are studying?
A)Tom will most likely study better then David due the background noise of the television.
B)David will find the television much more distracting than Tom will.
C)Tom will find the television much more distracting than David will.
D)Both David and Tom will start watching television and scheme to move the test back one week.
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Chapter 7: Physiological Approaches to Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hebb's theory of an optimal level of arousal was controversial as it hypothesized that individuals
A)seek out tension and stimulation as well as try to reduce tension in the body.
B)seek out higher levels of tension without a means for reducing that tension in the body.
C)cannot maintain an optimal low arousal for significant period of time.
D)are punished when the individual is not in a state of optimal arousal.
Q2) There is a _____ correlation between scores for Zuckerman's sensation seeking scale and Eysenck's trait of extraversion.
A)very low positive
B)marginally negative
C)moderately strong positive
D)very strong negative
Q3) A person who has greater right than left hemispheric activation would likely score high on a measure of
A)BAS or behavioral activation system.
B)BIS or behavioral inhibition system.
C)morningness.
D)sensation seeking.
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Chapter 8: Evolutionary Perspectives on Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the sex ratios between males and females are about the same and one man has several mates the other men must, by default, be without a mate.This is an example of _____ polygny.
A)strategic
B)effective
C)selective
D)differential
Q2) Research by Paul Ekman and his colleagues has demonstrated that emotional expression
A)differs widely across cultures.
B)can be identified by people in diverse cultures.
C)can be identified by people in similar cultures only.
D)serve no adaptive function.
Q3) Something that is _____ is a secondary consequence of a heritable trait.
A)intersexually selected
B)intrasexually selected
C)reactively heritable
D)an adaptation
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Chapter 9: Psychoanalytic Approaches to Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Freud, the amount of psychic energy in a person A)changes when personality changes.
B)increases with age.
C)decreases with age. D)always remains constant.
Q2) Recent studies of repression have been _____ Freud's ideas. A)unrelated to B)generally inconsistent with C)generally consistent with D)in complete agreement
Q3) Miasha looks around her apartment and sees her clothes scattered about, her lunch dishes sitting in the sink, and her bed unmade.When her roommates complain about her lack of cleanliness, she calls them all slobs and leaves quite angry.Miasha is using the defense mechanism of A)sublimation.
B)reaction formation.
C)projection.
D)repression.
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Chapter 10: Psychoanalytic Approaches: Contemporary Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hypnosis and sodium amytal usually lead to A)distorted memories.
B)more accurate memories of childhood.
C)more accurate memories of all time periods.
D)forgetting or repression.
Q2) Adults with a(n) _____ relationship style shun romance, and believe that love never lasts.
A)secure
B)avoidant
C)ambivalent
D)independent
Q3) A person with an inflated sense of self-admiration who constantly attempts to draw attention to his or her self can be described as
A)narcissistic.
B)fixated in the trust versus mistrust stage.
C)securely attached.
D)ambivalently attached.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Motives and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Multi-Motive Grid is
A)a term used to describe the interconnected relationship between motives.
B)a procedure used to access alpha press and beta press.
C)a relatively new technique used to assess motives.
D)the idea that our needs and motives influence apperception.
Q2) McClelland described two different types of motivation,
A)internal motivation and external motivation.
B)alpha press and beta press.
C)implicit motivation and self-attributed motivation.
D)conscious motivation and unconscious motivation.
Q3) People high in the need for power are very concerned with
A)making an impact on other people.
B)making money.
C)altruistic acts.
D)a desire for relationships.
Q4) Research suggests that people who score high on measures of empathy
A)are better at giving positive regard.
B)tend to be male.
C)are more accurate in guessing what others are thinking and feeling.
D)cannot improve their empathy skills with practice.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Topics in Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ measure(s) field dependence versus field dependence.
A)The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
B)The Rod and Frame Test (RFT)
C)The Embedded Figures Test (EFT)
D)Both the Rod and Frame Test (RFT) and the Embedded Figures Test (EFT)
Q2) "Post-modernism" in psychology can be summarized as
A)"Perception is not necessarily reality."
B)"Experience defines reality."
C)"Reality is constructed, and so there are many different views of reality."
D)"There is no spoon."
Q3) According to the Court, Amadou Diallo was shot by police officers
A)because he perceived them as a threat.
B)because he shot at them.
C)because of cognitive errors in the officers' perception.
D)All of these.
Q4) The Rod and Frame Test (RFT) has been used to assess
A)defensive pessimism.
B)field dependence versus field independence.
C)learned helplessness.
D)life tasks.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Emotion and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are related to neuroticism?
A)Coronary disease
B)Cancer
C)Premature death
D)None of these.
Q2) Emotional content and emotional style
A)correlate at high levels.
B)correlate at moderate levels.
C)correlate at low levels.
D)do not correlate at all.
Q3) found that the correlation between personal income and happiness was _____ in the United States.
A)0.0
B)+.12
C)+.32
D)+.52
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Chapter 14: Approaches to the Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you describe yourself to other people as extraverted, but in fact you are introverted, then extraversion is a part of your
A)self-esteem.
B)self-concept.
C)social identity.
D)possible selves.
Q2) A person who fails an exam will
A)feel bad if doing well on the exam was important to his or her self-concept.
B)feel bad if he or she has low self-esteem.
C)feel bad if he or she has high self-esteem.
D)likely begin to self-handicap.
Q3) The extent to which you value yourself is known as your A)self-esteem.
B)self-concept.
C)social identity.
D)possible selves.
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Chapter 15: Personality and Social Interaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1997, Botwin, Buss, and Shackelford found that individuals preferred mates with personality traits that
A)made up for deficits in their own personality traits.
B)were strongly skewed to the positive pole of each personality trait.
C)were similar to their own personality traits.
D)matched their opposite sex parent's personality traits.
Q2) People consider personality traits most when they _____ friends.
A)manipulate
B)evoke
C)select D)argue with
Q3) Machiavellian strategies work best
A)in structured situations.
B)in unstructured situations.
C)when they are used by trusting people.
D)when they are used on untrusting people.
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Chapter 16: Sex, Gender, and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that men are not capable of being nurturing is an example of a(n)
A)sex difference.
B)gender difference.
C)adaptive problem.
D)gender stereotype.
Q2) Showing emotions, empathy, and nurturance is associated with the trait of A)expressiveness.
B)instrumentality.
C)global self-esteem.
D)rumination.
Q3) Psychologist Janet Spence now views her measure of sex roles as more of a measure of
A)instrumentality and expressiveness.
B)people versus things.
C)gender stereotypes.
D)androgyny.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Culture and Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The German word "schadenfreude" describes
A)pleasure in another's misfortune.
B)grief.
C)the fifth factor of personality in Germany.
D)sadness.
Q2) In a study by Nisbett, _____ were more likely to respond to insults with aggression.
A)Southerners
B)Northerners
C)people from independent cultures
D)people from interdependent cultures
Q3) Pinker argues that people in different cultures
A)experience different emotions.
B)express emotions similarly.
C)use different words to talk about their emotions.
D)cannot recognize emotions cross-culturally.
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Chapter 18: Stress, Coping, Adjustment, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Positive emotions are thought to help with stress by A)broadening attention.
B)helping people build stores of energy.
C)helping people build social networks.
D)All the these.
Q2) In the transactional model, personality has the effect of influencing A)coping.
B)appraisals.
C)stressful events.
D)All of these.
Q3) A problem for the _____ model was that psychologists had difficulty identifying coping strategies that were consistently adaptive or maladaptive.
A)health behavior
B)interactional
C)transactional
D)predisposition
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Disorders of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Francis believes in ghosts and spends much of his time going to séances, reading about ghosts, and visiting haunted houses.If Francis had a personality disorder, it most likely would be a ____ personality disorder.
A)schizotypal
B)schizoid
C)eccentric
D)histrionic
Q2) Some researchers have theorized that one cause of _____ personality disorder might be an inability to experience fear.
A)antisocial
B)paranoid
C)histrionic
D)schizoid
Q3) The most prevalent personality disorder discussed in your text is
A)histrionic.
B)dependant.
C)avoidant.
D)obsessive compulsive.
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21
Chapter 20: Summary and Future Directions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The goal of personality psychology is to understand
A)differences between people.
B)how people behave across different cultures.
C)how people are similar to one another.
D)the whole of personality.
Q2) One modern view on the unconscious is that
A)there is no empirical support for the notion of an unconscious mind as there has been little support for most of Freud's other theories.
B)is an automatic information processing mechanism that can influence conscious awareness.
C)the unconscious is irrelevant as it can be shown to hold inaccurate or false memories.
D)Freud's view of a motivated unconscious based on sexual and aggressive energy is still the dominant perspective in the intrapsychic domain.
Q3) The study of gender most often takes place in the _____ domain.
A)intrapsychic
B)dispositional
C)social and cultural
D)cognitive/experiential
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