Advanced Radiographic Techniques
Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Advanced Radiographic Techniques explores sophisticated imaging methods and technological advancements used in modern radiography. The course delves into specialized modalities such as digital radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and interventional radiology. Emphasis is placed on the principles of image acquisition, quality assurance, patient positioning, radiation safety, and artifact recognition. Students will gain practical knowledge through hands-on activities and case studies, preparing them to operate complex imaging equipment and interpret high-quality radiographic images in clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook
Digital Radiography An Introduction for Technologists 1st Edition by Euclid Seeram
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Chapter 1: Digital Radiography: An Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Digital radiography imaging modalities include communication radiography (CR), flat-panel digital radiography (DR), digital mammography (DM), and digital fluorescence (DF)and the laser film digitizer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) ____ is used to describe the degree of film blackening as a result of radiation exposure, and it can be measured by a densitometer.
A) Chemical processing
B) The film characteristic curve
C) Optical density
D) Film speed
Answer: D
Q3) As a display medium, the optical range and contrast for film are ____________________ and limited.
Answer: fixed
Q4) The application of digital image processing to fluoroscopy is referred to as ____________________.
Answer: digital fluoroscopy
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Chapter 2: Digital Imaging Processing Concepts
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Q1) In radiology, what is the viewing task of the radiologist?
A) Manipulate images.
B) Generate digital images.
C) Assess image quality.
D) Detect pathology.
Answer: D
Q2) The digital image processing technique of unsharp masking uses the ___________________ image produced from the low-pass filtering process and subtracts it from the original image to produce a sharp image.
Answer: blurred
Q3) Pixels in a digital image represent the information contained in a volume of tissue in the patient.What is this volume called?
A) bit depth
B) voxel
C) spatial resolution
D) pixel
Answer: B
Q4) The number of bits per pixel is the ____________________. Answer: bit depth
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Chapter 3: Computed Radiography: Physics and Technology
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Q1) Quality control involves a number of activities that are of significance to the administrator.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following refers to the use of several digital operations for pre-processing and post-processing of the CR image data?
A) image acquisition
B) image plate scanning
C) image processing
D) image display
Answer: C
Q3) Which image quality descriptor of a digital image is related to the size of the pixels in the image matrix?
A) density resolution
B) DQE
C) spatial resolution
D) artifacts
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Effective Use of Computed Radiography
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Q1) In order to visualize the____________________ structures of interest, some initial preprocessing must occur during imaging data extraction.
Q2) Because of the light spread between the plate and the light guide, the spatial resolution is less than the ____________________ frequency.
Q3) The CR cassettes, or imaging plates (IP), are employed in the same manner as screen/film cassettes in existing radiographic units designed to accommodate software.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When performing a mobile chest scan, how is the cassette normally oriented?
A) lengthwise
B) crosswise
C) non grid
D) off-level
Q5) The accuracy of the exposure indicators depends on accurate reader calibration and appropriate exposure field recognition.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Flat-Panel Digital Radiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) At ____ kV, efficiencies are 37% for a-Se and 52% for CsI.
A) 100
B) 110
C) 120
D) 130
Q2) All digital imaging systems have what is referred to as the limiting resolution, which is the spatial frequency limit that is obtained at an MTF value of 0.1.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The raw digital data from a detector has a high image contrast simply because of the wide exposure latitude of the digital detector.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The charge from each pixel in a row is transferred to the next row and subsequently down all the columns to the final ____________________ row.
Q5) Image processing is not intended to correct poor images due to routine errors that are made during image ____________________.
Q6) The narrower the LSF, the better the ____________________ resolution.
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Chapter 6: Digital Fluoroscopy
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Q1) The operational elements of a dynamic FPD involve three sequences, resulting in a single ____________________ that must be completed in at least 33 ms for fluoroscopy.
Q2) ____ uses an image intensifier coupled to a video camera that converts the image from the output screen of the image intensifier into a video signal.
A) Conventional fluoroscopy
B) Fluoroscopic exposure
C) Radiography
D) Pulsed fluoroscopy
Q3) The range of the numbers in FPDs is defined as the window level and the center of the range is defined as the window width.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n)____ couples the video camera to the television monitor by means of a coaxial cable and control electronics.
A) X-ray tube and generator
B) closed-circuit X-ray television
C) grid-controlled X-ray tube
D) X-ray beam
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Chapter 7: Digital Mammography
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Q1) Peripheral equalization displays lesion details well and preserves the peripheral information in the surrounding breast, but there may be a flattening of the image contrast in the ____________________ portions of the image.
Q2) The computer uses image-processing algorithms for enhancement and ____________________ of lesions.
Q3) When X-rays fall upon the __________________ layer, an electric charge is released and readout using an electric field.
Q4) There are three major technical components of a CAD system: image processing, ____________________ of image features, and data processing.
Q5) Which of the following algorithms enhances the sharpness of the borders of mass lesions, but may make even an indistinct mass appear more circumscribed?
A) peripheral equalization
B) Trex processing
C) unsharp masking
D) manual intensity windowing
Q6) Digital mammography can be used in visualizing ____________________ by using an iodinated contrast medium.
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Chapter 8: Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
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Q1) While offline storage cannot be removed and provides immediate access to images (RAM for example)within seconds, nearline storage is removable (RAID for example)with longer image retrieval times.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The lack of PACS interfacing to information systems such as radiology information systems (RIS)and hospital information systems (HIS)resulted in ____________________ problems, such as the delivery of data to specific locations at specific times, a function carried out by technologists in a film-based imaging department.
Q3) Current ____________________ technologies for PACS include solid-state memory, magnetic data carriers (disk and tapes), and optical disks.
Q4) What is the data transfer rate of the network called?
A) LAN
B) links
C) node
D) bandwidth
Q5) A(n)____________________ function is one that enables the user of the workstation to find the image or images to be reviewed.
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Chapter 9: Medical Imaging Informatics: An Overview
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Q1) For computer applications in general, information refers to useful, meaningful, and organized data.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The major components of PACS include digital image acquisition modalities, a computer network database server, an archival system, and a soft-copy display
Q3) ____________________ informatics has been identified as one of the biomedical imaging research opportunities that has the potential to enhance the roadmap themes of the National Institutes of Health in the United States.
Q4) ____ is the process in which terms defined in one system are associated with comparable terms in another system.
A) Interfacing
B) Communication
C) Mapping
D) Recording
Q5) ____________________ threats fall into three categories: social engineering attacks, hardware attacks, and software attacks.
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Chapter 10: Quality Control for Digital Radiography
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Q1) ____ arise from interference with the projected x-ray beam, image receptor defects, and interference with conversion of the captured projection into a digital image.
A) Artifacts
B) Blurred images
C) Gross positioning errors
D) Duplicate entries
Q2) Each QC system has some sort of registration device that allows direct manual input of demographic and exam information.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The specific QC tests that are required for digital mammography are those specified by the imaging equipment manufacturer, with the exception of the limitation on maximum radiation dose, which is not more than that allowed for a ____.
A) task allocation matrix
B) GSDF
C) screen-film mammography
D) DR
Q4) At extremely high contrast, any DR image will appear ____________________.
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